JUAN CRUZ THESIS 2017

TRANSIT

HUB JUAN CRUZ | JUNE 2017 | SAN DIEGO | NSAD

JUAN CRUZ

TRANSIT

HUB

FIG 0.1

TRANSIT HUB

A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE UNDERGRAD FACULTY OF

THE NEWSCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

BY

JUAN CRUZ I

JUNE 2017 SAN DIEGO, CA

COPYRIGHT

COPYRIGHT @ 2017 JUAN CRUZ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

II

ABSTRACT THIS THESIS FOCUSES ON THE EXPLORATION OF PROVIDING THE MODERN NOMAD A PLACE OF REFUGE DURING TRANSITIONS BETWEEN DWELLINGS. IT GIVES COMMUTERS A RESTING PLACE TO STAY FOR A LIMITED TIME. TODAY’S LIFESTYLES ARE FAST PACED AND FLUID. IT IS NO LONGER ACCOMODATED BY FIXED DWELLINGS. TRANSIENT JOB OPPORTUNITIES ARE QUICKLY REPLACING THE TRADITIONAL NOTIONS OF WORK. IN RESPONSE TO THIS GROWING TREND, THE DESIGN SOLUTION INTENDS TO PROVIDE MINIMAL TEMPORARY LIVING UNITS UTILIZING MODERN BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS.

III FIG 0.2

TRANSIT HUB

A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE UNDERGRAD FACULTY OF

THE NEWSCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

BY

JUAN CRUZ

APPROVED BY: UNDER GRADUATE CHAIR: DATE:

INSTRUCTOR: DATE:

IV

DEDICATED: TO MY FAMILY, FRIENDS, AND FUTURE NEWSCHOOL THESIS STUDENTS

FIG 0.2

V

FIG 0.3

CONTENTS Front Matter Title page

I

Copyright page

II

Abstract

III

Signature page

IV

Dedication

V

Bibliography

VI

Appendices

VII

CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

02

PROBLEM STATEMENT

04

CRITICAL POSITION

05

THESIS STATEMENT

08

CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH

10

LIVING SMALL

13

COMMUTING

17

PREFABRICATION

24

AFFORDABILITY

CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES

37

CHAPTER 4 BEGINNINGS

51

SITE

53

CONCEPTS

69

PROGRAM

79

MODULE DEVELOPMENT

81

TRANSFORMATION OF MODULE

87

EARLY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

88

FEEDBACK/EVALUATIONS

89

CHAPTER 5 FINAL DESIGN

91

PROCESS

93

FEEDBACK / EVALUATION

114

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

115

MODEL PROCESS

125

FINAL THOUGHTS

134

01

I N T RODU

U C T ION

FIG 1.1

PEOPLE WAITING FOR A JOB INTERVIEW

PROBLEM STATEMENT DUE TO ECONOMIC CHANGES, THE YOUNGER GENERATION IS SHIFTING TOWARDS A MORE NOMADIC MINDSET. IN THIS ECONOMY, JOB OPPORTUNITIES ARE CHANGING AS LIVING EXPENSES ARE RISING. TODAY, PEOPLE IMPROVED JOB AND EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES. WHILE MANY JOBS HAVE STAYED IN THE CITIES, PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PUSHED FURTHER AND FURTHER AWAY FROM JOB LOCATIONS. ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION, THE PERCENTAGE OF COMMUTING FROM HOME TO WORK HAS INCREASED EACH YEAR BY 7%. (CENSUS, 2015). INCREASED TIME COMMUTING HAS REDUCED THE AMOUNT OF TIME AVAILABLE TO SLEEP.

4

CRITICAL POSITION ACCORDING TO ALICE TRUONG’S ARTICLE, “THE LIFE OF A MODERN DAY NOMAD WHO HOPS FROM AIRBNB TO AIRBNB EVERY FEW WEEKS,” TODAY LIVING HAS SHIFTED TOWARDS THE AIRBNB ERA. THIS OPENS UP THE POSSIBILITIES OF MOVING FROM PLACE TO PLACE WITHOUT THE RESTRAIN OF WORKING IN JUST ONE CITY. THIS DESIGN WILL GIVE THE MODERN NOMADIC WORKER AND STUDENT THE OPTIONS OF ADAPTING ITS TEMPORARY STAY TO HIS OR HERS NECESSITIES. USING MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS TO BUILD THESE TRANSITIONAL SPACES WILL ATTRACT COMMUTERS WHILE SPEEDING UP CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION.

5

FIG. 1.2

NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER

FIG. 1.3

EXTERIOR VIEW OF MODULES

THESIS STATEMENT THIS THESIS WILL ADAPT TO THE MODERN NEEDS OF THE NOMADIC INHABITANT PROVIDING THE OPTION OF A TEMPORARY LIVING SPACE. THIS SPACE ADDRESSES CRITICAL HOUSING NEEDS BY OFFERING AFFORDABLE SHELTER TO A LARGE AMOUNT OF COMMUTERS.

8

02 RESEA

2

RCH

FIG. 2.1

VIEW OF HOUSING IN COLOMBIA

LIVING SMALL

FIG.2.2

1977 AIRSTREAM MOTORHOME

13

TRIBES HAVE BEEN TRAVELING FOR OVER 2,000 YEARS IN SEARCH OF RESOURCES, FOOD, AND OPPORTUNITIES OF TRADING WITH OTHER TRIBES. ONE PARTICULAR TRIBE IS THE MONGOLIANS WHO DESIGNED A YURT FOR SHELTER. THIS AMAZING PORTABLE STRUCTURE WAS LIGHT AND EASY TO BUILD AND WAS TRANSPORTED ALL IN ONE OR TWO CAMELS. THE STRUCTURE CONSISTED OF WOOD STICKS, BLANKETS AND STRING MADE OUT OF HORSEHAIR. IT WOULD TAKE 60 MINUTES FOR THE STRUCTURE TO BE RAISED INTO PLACE. (KNAACK, 2012)

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND MACHINE AGE DURING THE 18TH CENTURY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TURNED INTO AN IMPORTANT PART OF AN AMERICAN’S EVERY DAY LIFE. DURING THIS ERA MACHINE WAS TAKING OVER MANPOWER AND NEWER STRATEGIES WERE INVENTED TO QUICKEN UP THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION. TRANSPORTATION GREW MORE AND MORE WITH CREATING BETTER SHIPPING SHIPS AND CREATED THE RAILROAD THAT ALLOWED FASTER WAYS TO TRANSPORT RESOURCES. IT WASN’T UNTIL THE CAR WAS INVENTED AND CHANGED THE WAY AN AVERAGE PERSON LIVED. THIS INVENTION INTRODUCED A NEW CONCEPT OF TRANSPORTING YOURSELF FROM PLACE TO PLACE WHAT EVER TIME YOU WANTED AND HAVE THE FREEDOM TO TRAVEL LONG DISTANCE. THO IT WAS VERY EXPENSIVE TO OWN A CAR IT WAS A STEP INTO THE FUTURE. IN 1908 HENRY FORD CREATED

THE AUTOMOBILE THAT THE AVERAGE PERSON COULD AFFORD. HIS METHOD ON ACHIEVING LOW COST FOR THE AUTOMOBILE WAS TO PRODUCE THE CAR THROUGH ASSEMBLY LINES AND INVEST IN NEW TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS WHICH RESULTED IN EFFICIENCY AND LOW COST. (KNAACK, 2012)

LE CORBUSIER THE AUTOMOBILE FASCINATED LE CORBUSIER WHO IS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL ARCHITECT OF THE MODERN MOVEMENT. THE ARCHITECT SAID IN HIS MANIFEST, TOWARD AN ARCHITECTURE (1922) THAT “THE HOUSE IS A MACHINE FOR LIVING IN” (LE CORBUSIER, TOWARD AN ARCHITECTURE, LOS ANGELES, GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 2007, PG.151). THE MAISON CITROHAN WAS A REACTION DESIGN TO THE WAY LE CORBUSIER RESEMBLED THE HOME TO AN AUTOMOBILE. HE DESCRIBED THE FUNCTIONAL SPACES AND PARTS OF A CAR. HE IMAGINED THAT THE FUTURE WOULD WORK WITH MASS PRODUCING HOMES AND THERE WOULD BE A TYPE OF HOUSE OR CONSTRUCTION. IN THE 1920’S AND 30’S THE BALLOON FRAME HOMES BY SEARS, ROEBUCK AND CO. WERE BEING SOLD BY THE THOUSANDS. WOOD WAS A HIGH AVAILABILITY MATERIAL AND THE IDEA “READY CUT” WAS TAKING AMERICAN BY STORM. IT ADVERTISED THAT IT WAS FASTER TO BUILD THAT THE CONTEMPORARY BRICK HOUSE. IT WAS LIGHTER AND IT SAVED MONEY THROUGH LABOR. (KNAACK, 2012)

14

CONCRETE SLAB CONSTRUCTION (1924-1930) THE CONCRETE SLAB CONSTRUCTION WAS A SYSTEM INVENTED BY BELINFRIEDRICHSFELDE THAT WAS MODELED AFTER THE AMERICAN PROTOTYPE. THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME THE WORD “FABRICATED” WAS USED. THESE SLABS WERE FABRICATED IN A FACTORY AND DELIVERED ON SITE TO BE HANDLED BY A CRANE INTO PLACE. HOWEVER THE PROCESS WAS A BIT FASTER THAN THE STANDARD WAY BUT FINANCIALLY WASN’T THE BEST OPTION. EVENTUALLY THE PROCESS STOPPED DUE TO CRITICISM. (KNAACK, 2012)

FIG. 2.3

15

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING METHOD STEPS FOR FORMING THE PRECAST CONCRETE CHAIN WALL OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

POST WAR CRISIS AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR GREAT BRITAIN WAS ONE OF THE FIRST STATES TO TACKLE THE CHALLENGE OF SOCIAL HOUSING. DURING THAT TIME THERE WAS A SHORTAGE OF SKILLED LABORS AND THEY NEEDED TO BUILD HOMES FAST DUE TO THE EROSION OF NEED OF DWELLINGS. THEY CONSTRUCTED THOUSANDS OF HOMES BUT OVER TIME THEY STARTED TO CRACK DUE TO LACK OF PLANNING IN MATERIAL REACTIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENT. IT WASN’T UNTIL AFTER SECOND WORLD WAR THAT THE BRITISH INITIATED “TEMPORARY DWELLINGS” WHICH WERE CONSTRUCTED WITH A STEEL FRAME TO GIVE IT STRENGTH AND INTRODUCING IN PLACE APPLIANCES IN THE DWELLING. THE HOMES WERE BUILT IN A FACTORY AND HAD A PREDICTION THAT THE LIFE SPAN OF THESE HOMES WERE MEANT TO LAST 10-15 YEARS. THEY ENDED PRODUCING OVER 41,000 HOMES AND THESE HOMES WERE GETTING TRANSPORTED ALL AS ONE PIECE AND BOLTED DOWN TO AN ON SITE CONCRETE FOUNDATION.

FIG. 2.4

PREFABRICATED HOMES

(KNAACK, 2012)

16

COMMUTING

FIG. 2.5

WORKERS TAKING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO WORK

17

CIVILIZATION HAS BEEN COMMUTING FROM LOCATION TO LOCATION FOR CENTURIES DUE TO THE PERSON’S NEEDS. DEALING WITH SHELTER CONDITIONS OR LACK OF RESOURCES HAS FORCED THEM TO RELOCATE. TODAY MODERN CIVILIZATION FACES SIMILARITIES BUT DIFFERENT CHALLENGES. SOME COMMUTE FOR PLEASURE AND SOME FOR ECONOMIC REASONS BUT COMMUTING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN A PERSON’S EVERYDAY LIFE. IF COMMUTING WERE NOT A BIG PART OF THE DAY, THE POSSIBILITIES OF YOUR TIME WOULD BE MORE PRODUCTIVE. (Johnson, 2017)

18

STUDENT COMMUTING TO SCHOOL

ACCORDING TO LAURA J. HORN AND JENNIFER BERKTOLD’S ARTICLE “COMMUTER STUDENT CHALLENGES” APPROXIMETLY 86% OF COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ARE DEFINED AS COMMUTER STUDENTS. THEY ARE STUDENTS THAT LIVE OFF CAMPUS AND TRAVEL LONG DISTANCE TO GET TO SCHOOL. (TENHOUSE, 2017)

TYPES

THERE IS A DIVERSITY OF COMMUTER STUDENTS. SOME OF THEM LIVE AT HOME AND ARE FINANCIALLY DEPENDENT OF THEIR PARENTS. OTHERS LIVE OFF CAMPUS AND WORK PART TIME. (TENHOUSE, 2017)

PROCESS

THE COMMUTABLE STUDENT HAS TO WAKE UP EARLIER TO AVOID TRAFFIC OR TO GET TO CLASS ON TIME. THEN ONLY SPENDS THE MINIMAL REQUIREMENT OF TIME AT CAMPUS DUE TO THE AMOUNT OF TIME NEEDED TO GETTING BACK HOME. SOME STUDENTS CANNOT AFFORD TO LIVE NEAR BY SCHOOL SO THEY HAVE TO HAVE A PART TIME JOB TO PAY FOR THEIR LIVING EXPENSES. LIVE OFF CAMPUS AND WORK PART TIME. (TENHOUSE, 2017)

CHALLENGES

THE COMMUTABLE STUDENT HAS TO WAKE UP EARLIER TO AVOID TRAFFIC OR TO GET TO CLASS ON TIME. THEN ONLY SPENDS THE MINIMAL REQUIREMENT OF TIME AT CAMPUS DUE TO THE AMOUNT OF TIME NEEDED TO GETTING BACK HOME. SOME STUDENTS CANNOT AFFORD TO LIVE NEAR BY SCHOOL SO THEY HAVE TO HAVE A PART TIME JOB TO PAY FOR THEIR LIVING EXPENSES. LIVE OFF CAMPUS AND WORK PART TIME.(TENHOUSE, 2017)

19

FIG. 2.6

STUDENT TAKING THE SUBWAY

FIG.10

FIG. 2.7

WORKER COMMUTING IN A BUS

TRANS-BORDER WORKER

GETTING TO WORK

30 MILLION PEOPLE CROSS THE SAN YSIDRO BORDER EACH YEAR. 70 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE IN TIJUANA, MEXICO AND WORK IN THE UNITED STATES. (CAMACHO, 2008)

TIME FRAME

THE AVERAGE TRANSBORDER WORKER SPENDS 20% OF THEIR DAY COMMUTING TO WORK. (CAMACHO, 2008)

CROSSING THE BORDER

WAITING TIME AT THE SAN YSIDRO BORDER IS 1-4 HRS DAILY. (CAMACHO, 2008)

REASON

THE PLACE OF STAY IS CHEAPER AND THE WAGE OVER THE BORDER IS HIGHER. (CAMACHO, 2008)

22

23 FIG. 2.8

PREFABRICATED STRUCTURE

PREFAB PREFABRICATION CREDIBILITY HAS BEEN PERCEIVED AS ECONOMICAL AND UGLY. THROUGH THE YEARS TECHNOLOGY HAS ACCOMMODATED THE PROCESS TO MAKE IT MORE ACCURATE AND APPEALING. THE BENEFIT OF PREFABRICATION IS THAT IT SPEEDS UP THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION WHILE LOWERING OVERALL COST IN LABOR. THOUGH PREFABRICATION SEEMS TO BE MORE PRACTICAL, THE MAJORITY OF CONSTRUCTION IS STILL BEING CONSTRUCTED TRADITIONALLY. REASONS CAN VARY FROM COST OF PROJECT OR THE LACK OF INFORMATION ON THE CONSTRUCTION. (KNAACK, 2012)

24

FIG. 2.9

FORD COMPANY MANUFACTURING MASS PRODUCTION LINE

THE IDEA OF PROCESSING A HOME THROUGH MANUFACTURING COMPONENTS IN A FACTORY CAN BE TRACED BACK TO HENRY FORD’S FACTORY PROCESS OF THE AUTOMOBILE. IN 1908 FORD SHOWED THAT MASS PRODUCTION COULD BE MORE EFFICIENT WHEN IT COMES TO PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY AUTOMOBILES. THIS WOULD LOWER PRICE WHILE GIVING CONSUMERS A HIGH QUALITY PRODUCT. THE HOPE WAS TO ONE DAY APPLYING THE TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTION. (KNAACK, 2012)

25

IN 1910 MANY COMPANIES SOUGHT TO PROVIDE THE SAME QUALITY AS TRADITIONAL HOMES WHILE REDUCING COST IN LABOR. ALADDIN READI-CUT WAS THE FIRST COMPANY TO PROVIDE THE FIRST “KIT HOUSE” BUT WASN’T NOTICED UNTIL 1915 WHEN A WELL KNOWN COMPANY SEARS AND ROEBUCK, & CO. PRODUCED THE FIRST HOUSE THAT COULD BE PURCHASED IN A CATALOG. SINCE THE COMPANY HAD GREAT ADVERTISEMENT, THEY REACHED MORE CONSUMERS AND SOLD HOUSES BY THE THOUSANDS. THESE HOMES RANGED FROM $650$2,500. THE PARTS WERE MAILED TO THE CLIENT WITH A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS READY TO GET BUILT. (KNAACK, 2012)

FIG. 2.10

ADVERTISING OF ALADDIN’S “KIT HOUSE”

FIG. 2.11 SEAR’S ADVERTISING OF THEIR “READY BUILT HOME”

26

27 FIG. 2.12

EMPTY WALLET

AFFORDABILITY “RICHER HAS BEEN GETTING RICHER WHILE THE POORER HAS BEEN GETTING POORER.” THE ECONOMY IS DIVIDED INTO HIGH INCOME AND LOW INCOME AMERICANS. THE TOP 1% CONTROLS 34.3 % OF ALL PRIVATE WEALTH, WHICH IS GREATER THAN THE TOTAL COMBINATION WEALTH OF THE BOTTOM 90%. THE RICHER HAS BEEN GETTING RICHER WHILE THE POORER HAS BEEN GETTING POORER.

ACCORDING TO THE ECONOMIST ALYSSA WINGTON’S ARTICLE “SNAP SHOTS OF AMERICAN FAMILIES,” THE TOP FIVE PERCENT OF THE U.S. POPULATION SAW INCOME RISE 81% BETWEEN 1979- 2005 WHILE THE BOTTOM 20% SAW THEIR INCOME DECLINING 1%.

IN 2008’S RECESSION

AMERICANS NO LONGER HAD THE FUNDS TO PURCHASE A HOME DUE TO THE PRICES OF HOMES DOUBLED IN PRICE. MANY WHO STRIVED FOR THE AMERICAN DREAM OF OWNING A HOME WERE FORCED TO MOVE FURTHER AND FURTHER AWAY FROM THE CITY AND INTO THE SUBURBS AND RURAL AREAS. POVERTY RAISED OVERALL 13.2 PERCENT. (WINGTON, 2005) ED MAZRIA’S “2030 CHALLENGE REFERENCES” SUGGESTS THAT BY 2030 50% OF BUILDINGS DEVELOPED WILL BE AFFORDABLE AND BE BUILT WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES. THEY WILL ALSO IMPACT THE ENVIRONMENT LESS DUE TO GREENER STRATEGIES. (MAZRIA, 2017)

28

03

CASE STU

3

UDIES

31 FIG. 3.1

FIG.16

ARCDAILY

THE NAKAGIN CAPSULE HOTEL BY ARCHITECT KISHO KUROKAWA WAS THE VERY FIRST ARCHITECTURE DESIGN. ITS INNOVATING IDEAS OF CONSTRUCTION WERE A PHENOMENON IN THE EARLY 1970’S. THE MODULE WAS CREATED WITH THE INTENTION OF HOUSING TRAVELING BUSINESSMEN THAT WORKED IN THE CENTER OF TOKYO DURING THE WEEK. EACH MODULE WAS CONNECTED TO A CENTRAL CORE THAT WAS TO BE EXCHANGED WHEN IT WAS NECESSARY TO BE REPLACED. A TOTAL OF 140 CAPSULES WERE STACKED AT VARIOUS ANGLES AND CONNECTED WITH FOUR HIGH-TENSION BOLTS. EACH CAPSULE MEASURED 4 X 2.5 METERS, ALLOWING THE MINIMAL REQUIREMENT FOR A SINGLE PERSON TO LIVE COMFORTABLY. ALL PIECES OF THE MODULES WERE MANUFACTURES IN A FACTORY THEN TRANSPORTED TO THE SITE

BY A TRUCK. THE PER-ASSEMBLED INTERIOR FEATURED A WINDOW, BUILT IN BED AND BATH. IT IS FURNISHED WITH A TV, RADIO AND ALARM CLOCK. THESE CAPSULES WERE INSTALLED BY THE USE OF A CRANE AND INSERTED INTO PLACE. (ARCHDAILY, 2011)

NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER KISHO KUROKAWA|ARCHITECT TOKYO, JAPAN|LOCATION 1972|PROJECT YR

FIG. 3.2 ARCHDAILY

FIG. 3.3

ARCHDAILY

32

CAPSULE INSTALLATION (FIG. 3.4)

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN (FIG.3.6)

PLAN (BRIDGE DECK FLOOR) (FIG. 3.5)

33 CAPSULE PLAN (FIG. 3.7)

FIG. 3.8

ARCHDAILY

34 FIG. 3.9

ARCHDAILY

KASITA

JEFF WILSON|DEVELOPER AUSTIN, TEXAS|LOCATION 2015|PROJECT YR

FROM 2014-2015 KASITA’S CEO JEFF WILSON EXPERIMENTED LIVING IN A 33 SQ. FT. DUMPSTER FOR A YEAR TO TEST THE BOUNDARIES OF WHAT IT WAS TO LIVE SMALL. WHILE HE ENCOUNTERED EXTREME CONDITIONS, HE ADAPTED TO THE LIFESTYLE AND DEVELOPED A CONCEPT OF DESIGNING THE MINIMAL SPACE COMFORTABLE. THIS WAS A BIG LEAP INTO CONSTRUCTION BECAUSE HOUSING WAS IN A CRISIS AND IT SEEMED THAT THIS WAS A SOLUTION INTO OWNING YOUR OWN HOUSE FOR AN AFFORDABLE PRICE.

(ARCHDAILY, 2016)

FIG. 3.10

ARCHDAILY

FIG. 3.11

ARCHDAILY

FIG. 3.12

ARCHDAILY

37

FIG. 3.13

ARCHDAILY

FIG. 3.14

ARCHDAILY

38 FIG. 3.15

ARCHDAILY

39 FIG. 3.16 ARCHDAILY

THE M-CH WAS AN OUTCOME OF A RESEARCH PROJECT AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH. THE PROJECT CONSISTED OF DESIGNING A 2.6M CUBE THAT WOULD SERVE AS A DWELLING. THE PROJECT WAS INSPIRED BY THE JAPANESE TREE HOUSE ARCHITECTURE AND USED TECHNIQUES BY JAPANESE ARCHITECTS AND COLLABORATED WITH TECHNOLOGY EXPERTS TO PRODUCE A HIGH TECH LIVING SPACE. IN 2005 A PROTOTYPE WAS BUILD AND THE CONCEPT FOCUSED ON STUDENT HOUSING.

M-CH

MICRO COMPACT HOME HORDEN CHERRY LEE ARCHITECTS |ARCHITECT MUNICH, GERMANY|LOCATION 2001|PROJECT YR

FIG. 3.18

ARCHDAILY

FIG. 3.16

FIG. 3.19

ARCHDAILY

ARCHDAILY

40

FIG. 3.20

ARCHDAILY

04

BEGINN

NINGS

SAN DIEGO

45 FIG. 4.1

TIJUANA

SITE ACCORDING TO THE BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS THE BLUE LINE TROLLEY IS THE BUSIEST TROLLEY BETWEEN THE GREEN AND ORANGE LINE. IT TAKES FROM 20- 40 MINUTES TO GET FROM LOCATION TO LOCATION GOING FROM MEXICO TO DOWNTOWN SAN DIEGO. 21 MILLION PEOPLE CROSS THE BORDER ANNUALLY. 76 % OF THEM USE THE PUBLIC TRANSIT.

46

BLUE LINE TROLLEY CITY COLLEGE

12 & IMPERIAL DOWNTOWN

BARRIO LOGAN HARBORSIDE PACIFIC FLEET

46%

TRANSBORDER WORKERS

8TH STREET 24TH STREET

2015

E STREET H STREET PALOMAR STREET

16,532,209 RIDERS/YR

PALM AVENUE IRIS AVENUE BAYER BLVD. SAN YSIDRO 15.4 MILES

47

TIJUANA FIG. 4.2

FIG. 4.3 TROLLEY

BARRIO LOGAN BARRIO LOGAN TROLLEY STATION IS LOCATED IN LOGAN HEIGHTS AND IT IS THE SECOND CLOSET STOP TO THE DOWNTOWN MAIN STATION THAT CONNECTS TO OTHER TROLLEY LINES. THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE AREA ARE HISPANIC AMERICAN. THE STOP IS LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF CHICANO PARK WHICH IS KNOW FOR FAMOUS HISPANIC PROTESTS FOR MINORITIES RIGHTS. IT OPENED IN 1981 AND RENOVATED IN 2014.

THE LOCATION IS SIGNIFICANT TO OTHERS BECAUSE IT HAS THE MOST OPEN FOOTPRINT IN THE PARKING LOT TO PLACE THE POTENTIAL PROJECT AND IT IS CLOSE ENOUGH TO THE CENTRAL HUB TRANSIT IN DOWNTOWN. COMMUTERS COMING FROM THE SOUTHSIDE CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE LOCATION. (SDMTS, 2015)

49

H STREET H STREET IS LOCATED IN CHULA VISTA, CALIFORNIA. THE STOP SERVES AS A SMALLER HUB BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONS BECAUSE THE LOCATION GIVES ACCESS TO THE BUS STOPS THAT COMMUTE A LARGE PORTION OF RESIDENTS TO THE SOUTH OF SAN DIEGO. IT ALSO COMMUTES A LARGE PORTION OF STUDENTS TO SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE. THERE ARE NEARBY RESTAURANTS AND DENSE RETAIL AREAS NEARBY.

THE TRANSIT CENTER HAS A 295-SPACE PARKING LOT ADJACENT TO THE TROLLEY STOP AND HAS POTENTIAL TO SERVE AS A POSSIBLE SITE FOR THE PROJECT BEING PROPOSED. THE PROJECT WOULD BENEFIT COMMUTER STUDENTS THAT GO TO SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE. (SDMTS, 2015)

50

BARRIO LOGAN

FIG. 4.4

SAN DIEGO MAP

FIG. 4.5

BARRIO LOGAN

FIG. 4.6

BARRIO LOGAN

FIG. 4.7 H ST.

FIG. 4.8 H ST.

H STREET

FIG. 4.9

SAN DIEGO MAP

FIG. 4.10

CHULA VISTA MAP

H STREET TRANSIT CENTER H STREET TRANSIT CENTER WAS CHOSEN AS THE SITE TO SHOWCASE THE TEMPORARY STRUCTURE DUE TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE. THE SITE IS CLOSE TO THE TROLLEY LINE AND IS A MIDDLE POINT BETWEEN THE BORDER AND DOWNTOWN SAN DIEGO. IT IS ALSO NEARBY RESTAURANTS, FAST FOOD PLACES AND RETAIL AREAS. FURTHERMORE IT COMMUTES MOST OF THE STUDENTS ATTENDING SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE.

56

57

58 FIG. 4.11

GOOGLE MAPS

H STREET H STREET

ZONE: UC-12 SETBACKS: 16’ MIN

O.S.R: 100 SF/DU

UC-12 H TROLLEY STATION (TRANSIT FOCUS AREA) PRIMARY LAND USE: RESIDENTIAL

210’ MAX

FAR: 4.0-6.0

MIX-USE RESIDENTIAL HOSPITALITY FAR: FLOOR AREA RATIO O.S.R: OPEN SPACE REQUIRMENT

59

45’ MIN

OFFICE

HEIGHT REQ. FIG. 4.12

18’-0”

18’-0”

9’-0” 9’-0”

TYPICAL PARKING SPACE

18’-0”

18’-0”

9’-0” 9’-0”

MICRO UNITS (200 SF)

EXTENDED MICRO UNITS (400 SF) FIG. 4.13

60

61

APN#:

5671902900

ZONE: UC-12

SITE JURISTRICTION:

CV

FIG. 4.14

62

CONCEPTS THE DESIGN CONCEPT WAS ADOPTED FROM THE APPLE CHARGER. THE SLICK CURVED DEVICE COMPONENT HAS A VERY MODERN LOOK TO IT. THE MATERIALITY HAS A HIGH QUALITY PROTECTION TO ITS HARDWARE. THE CHARGER IS KNOWN TO BE A TEMPORARY SOURCE THAT GIVES ENERGY TO THE COMPONENT FROM THE ELECTRICITY’S MAIN LINE. IN SOME CASES WITHOUT A CHARGER A DEVICE WILL NOT WORK. THE CHARGER IS ESSENTIAL WHEN SOMEONE IS TRAVELING OR IS ON THE GO. THE CHARGER IS A VERY IMPORTANT COMPONENT TO ANY DEVICE BECAUSE WITHOUT IT, THE DEVICE WOULD DIE OUT AND WOULDN’T FUNCTION.

THE SAME IDEA IS IMPLEMENTED TO MY DESIGN THAT A TEMPORARY LIVING SPACE WOULD ACCOMMODATE THE COMMUTER. THEIR HOUSE WOULD BE INTERPRETED AS THE MAIN ELECTRICITY SOURCE. THE DESIGN WOULD SERVE AS THE CHARGER WHICH WOULD BE THE MIDDLE COMPONENT. THE DESTINATION (WORK, SCHOOL, TRIP) WOULD BE THE OUTPUT, WHICH WOULD BE THE DEVICE.

63

FIG. 4.15

64

FIG. 4.16

CONCEPTS DESIGN 1 THIS DESIGNED STARTED WITH ONE MODULE. THEN ROTATED 5 MODULES INTO A CIRCULAR ORGANIZATION AND FINALLY EXTRUDED AND ROTATED 30 DEGREES TO CREATE OUTDOOR SPACES.

65

FIG. 4.17

66

PARKING LOT

ENTRANCE BUS DROP OFF TROLLEY

SITE PLAN

N

LEVEL 3

N

FIG. 4.18

67

LEVEL 2 FIG. 4.19

N

FIG. 4.20

M

STACKED

M

M

STACKED

M

M

M

M

STACKED

M

STACKED

M

M

STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE

FIG. 4.21

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE

FIG. 4.22

FIG. 4.23

THE MODULE ARE STACKED ON TOP OF ONE ANOTHER AND SUPPORTED BY A PLATEFORM SYSTEM AS THE MAIN STRUCTURE.

SERVICE SPACE

68

FIG. 4.24

SOUTH VIEW

FIG. 4.25

NORTH VIEW

69

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT ONE IS TACTICALLY DESIGNED IN A AWAY TO GIVE THE PERSON STAYING THE CHOICE TO PICK A VIEW SURROUNDING THE LOCATION. SOME STUDENTS TEND TO WORK LATE AND DECIDE TO SLEEP DURING THE DAY AND OTHERS PREFER TO SLEEP EARLY AND WORKING IN THE DAY. THIS CONFIGURATION OF MODULES IS DEVELOPED TO ACCOMMODATE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT IS DIRECTED INTO THE MODULE FOR THE USER’S CONVENIENCE.

70

71

72 FIG. 4.26

FIG. 4.27

73

CONCEPTS 2 THE CONCEPT IS DERIVED FROM THE BRIEFCASE. THE IDEA WAS THAT THE MODULES ARE TEMPORARY SPACES THAT CAN BE REMOVED AND RELOCATED TO A DIFFERENT AREA IN WHERE THE OWNER CAN TAKE HIS DWELL WITH HIM/HER. THE MODULES ARE LOCATED ON TOP OF THE PARKING STRUCTURE TO NOT DISRUPT THE FOOTPRINT UNDERNEATH.

FIG. 4.28

74

SITE PLAN FIG. 4.29

N

LEVEL 2 N FIG. 4.30

75

LEVEL 1 & 3 N FIG. 4.31

SOUTH ELEVATION FIG. 4.32

LIVING SPACE LIVING SPACE LIVING SPACE

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SERVICE SPACESPAC

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE LIVING SPACE

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

LIVING SPACE

LIVING SPACE

LIVING SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

SERVICE SPACE

EAST ELEVATION

FIG. 4.33

FIG. 4.34

76

77

78 FIG. 4.35

EAT WORK SLEEP RELAX CLEAN PROGRAM 79

200

FIG. 4.36

80

MODU

SY 81

ULAR CONSTRUCTION TYPE: TYPE 2 NON-COMBUSTIBLE MAT. 1 HR RATING

YSTEMS

FIG. 4.37

82

MODULE DEVELOPMENT

THE MODULE STARTED WITH A 20’-0” X 10’-0” X 12’-0”

BOX

LIVING

LIVING SPACE ENTRANCE

THE MODULE WAS ADDED PROGRAM WHICH DIVIDED THE BOX INTO 3 PARTS

THE CORNERS WERE CURVED TO MAKE THE STRUCTURE OF THE MODULE STRONGER

FIG. 4.38

83

MODULE AXONOMETRIC

THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS CONNECT THE DIFFERENT SPACES TOGETHER

FIG. 4.39

84

SCHEMATIC LAYOUT

20’-0”

10’-0”

HIDDEN RENTABLE FURNITURE SPACE

HIDDEN RENTABLE FURNITURE SPACE

THE MODULE IS A 200 SQUARE FOOT SPACE WITH A 5X5 BATHROOM AND A SMALL KITCHENETTE. THE FURNITURE GETS STORED IN THE WALL AND FOLDS OUT WHEN NECESSARY.

85

FIG. 4.40

SECTIONS OF MODULE

A

PLAN VIEW

FIG. 4.41

PLAN VIEW

A

SECTION A

FIG. 4.42

SECTION A 86

TRANSFORMATION OF MODULE

FIG. 4.43

THE MODULE EVOLVED WITH THE IDEA OF CONNECTING THE CORRIDOR TO THE MODULE AND MANUFACTURING IT ALL TOGETHER TO SPEED UP PROCESS WHEN INSTALLING THEM.

87

EARLY MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

A

FIG. 4.45

B

FIG. 4.46

FIG. 4.44

A- CONNECTION OF THE

MODULE TO THE STRUCTURE

B- EACH MODULE HAS A

PORTABLE A/C, HEATER COMBO MECHANICAL SYSTEM.

88

FEEDBACK

FIG. 4.47

ON MARCH 3, 2017 THE CRITIC PANEL SUGGESTED: -CHANGE THE OVERALL DESIGN DUE THAT THERE IS TOO MUCH OPEN SPACE. -THE RADIAL DESIGN LIMITS THE AMOUNT OF MODULES THAT CAN BE INSTALLED AND CREATES AWKWARD PATIO SPACES. -PROVIDE A MORE INVITING ENTRANCE. -PROVIDE MORE PROGRAMS TO THE PROJECT AND ADD MORE COM MUNAL SPACES. -EXPAND OUT MORE WITH THE ADDITION OF MORE MODULES.

89

FEEDBACK

FIG. 4.48

ON MARCH 21, 2017 THE CRITIC PANEL SUGGESTED: -SOLVING THE PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL FOR THE UNITS. -SOLVE THE STRUCTURAL ISSUE. -FIGURE OUT WHAT MATERIALS ARE GOING TO BE USED FOR THE MODULE. -MINIMIZE THE SQUARE FOOTAGE OF THE BATHROOM EVEN MORE. -SOLVE THE FURNITURE INSTALLATION. -FIX THE CORRIDOR FUNCTION.

90

05 FINAL D 91

ESIGN

92

93 FIG. 5.1

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

FIG. 5.2

THE MODULES ARE MANUFACTURED IN A FACTORY. THE FACTORY HAS GIANT 3-D PRINTERS THAT ARE WORKING DAY AND NIGHT TO GET THESE MODULES PRINTED TO FULL SCALE. ONCE THEY ARE FINISHED, THEY ARE PACKED UP AND TRANSPORTED WITH A TRUCK TO THE SITE FOR INSTALLATION.

FIG. 5.3

94

MODULE FABRICATION

FIG. 5.4 CONNECTION:

FABRICATION: THE MODULE HAS A EXPANDABLE THE MODULE IS MANUFACTURED IN PIECES TO CONNECTION THAT IS SITE INSTALLED WITH MINIMIZE COST OF SHIPPING TO THE

THE FRAMEWORK TO PROVIDE QUICK MATERIAL: ASSEMBLE THE MODULE PIECES DIGITALLY WHEN FABRICATED CARBON FIBER ARRIVE TO AND THEEPOXY SITE RESIN

COMBINED WITH A STRUCTURAL FOAM

CONNECTION: THE MODULE HAS A EXPANDABLE CONNECTION THAT IS INSTALLED WITH THE FRAMEWORK TO PROVIDE QUICK ASSEMBLE WHEN THE MODULE PIECES ARRIVE TO THE SITE

95

MATERIAL: DIGITALLY FABRICATED CARBON FIBER AND EPOXY RESIN COMBINED WITH A STRUCTURAL FOAM

INSTALLATION

FIG. 5.5 THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS ASSEMBLED FIRST AND ADJUSTED TO THE SITE THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ISTHE ASSEMBLED FIRSTARE AND THEN ADJUSTED TO THE SITETO CONDITIONS. THE MODULES CONDITIONS. MODULES DELIVERED THE SITE AND PLACEDARE IN THEN DELIVERED TO THETHE SITESTRUCTURAL AND PLACED INCOMPONENTS BETWEEN THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS TO BE LIFTED INTO THEIR BETWEEN TO BE LIFTED INTO THEIR TEMPORARY TEMPORARY FIXED SPACE. WHEN DISASSEMBLING, THE UN-INSTALLMENT IS REVERSED.

FIXED SPACE. WHEN DISASSEMBLING, THE UN-INSTALLMENT IS REVERSED.

96

SITE

ZONING

UC-12 ZONING UC-12 USA MEX

N

A

FIG. 5.6

CO

SA CENTER, CHULA VISTA, CA LOLOCATION: H STREET U TRANSIT N RA WO MEX DO OD AV LA E WN CO AV LO E RA WO DO OD AV LA E WN AV E

A

B

LU

B

E

N

LU

E

N

LI

LI

E

N

N

E

E

R

T

H H

S

T

EB

E

R

T

S

T

E

B

FIG. 5.7 THE DESIGN IS MEANT TO SIT ON TOP OF THE PARKING LOT AND USE MINIMAL FOOTPRINT. THERE IS HOUSING AND RESTAURANTS SURROUNDING THE AREA.

97

SITE PLAN

ENTRANCE ENTRANCE

COFFEE SHOP

COFFEE SHOP

FIG. 5.8

SEWER TANK COLLECTORS

SEWER TANK COLLECTORS

LAUNDRY MODULE

SEWER TANK COLLECTORS

SEWER TANK COLLECTORS

LAUNDRY MODULE

N LEVEL 1 N LEVEL 1

ELEVATOR

ELEVATOR

VERTICAL PLUMBING COLUMN

VERTICAL PLUMBING COLUMN

FIG. 5.9

98

PLANS

LOUNGE SPACE

N LEVEL 2

ELEVATOR

VERTICAL PLUMBING COLUMN

FIG. 5.10

LOUNGE SPACE

N

LEVEL 3

ELEVATOR

VERTICAL PLUMBING COLUMN

FIG. 5.11

99

ELEVATIONS

EAST ELEVATION

FIG. 5.12

SOUTH ELEVATION

FIG. 5.13

100

PLUMBING

PLUMBING

EACH MODULE HAS A SEWER SYSTEM THAT CONNECTS TO A MAIN LINE. IT GOES IN A COLLECTION SEPTIC TANKS. THEN GETS TRANSPORTED TO THE LOCAL WASTE-WELL. FIG. 5.14

101

ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY IS COLLECTED THROUGH SOLAR PANEL SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE EACH MODULE.

FIG. 5.15

102

FIG. 5.16

OCCUPANCY

R-1 CONSTRUCTION TYPE

TYPE II

FIG. 5.16

FIXTURES BATHTUB

CLOSED

OPEN

SINK/WATER CLOSET

CLOSED

OPEN

FIG. 5.17

105

FURNITURE

CLOSET

POPOUT DESK W/ CHAIR

MURPHY BED

CLOSED

OPEN

FIG. 5.18

THE FIXTURES AND FURNITURE ARE DIGITALLY FABRICATED AND MANUFACTURE WITH THE MODULE

106

STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS

FIG. 5.19 THE MODULE HAS A STRUCTURAL CLIP THAT CONNECTS TO THE STRUCTURAL BEAM SYSTEM

107

STRUCTURAL FOOTINGS

FIG. 5.20 THE MODULES SIT ON ADJUSTABLE FOOTINGS TO ADAPT TO THE SITE. THEY CAN BE DISASSEMBLED AND ASSEMBLED WHEN MOVED FROM SITE TO SITE.

108

109

110 FIG. 5.21

FIG. 5.22

111

FIG. 5.23

112

113 FIG. 5.24

FEEDBACK

FIG. 5.25

ON JUNE 2, 2017 THE CRITIC PANEL SUGGESTED: -SHOW HOW THE STRUCTURE ADAPTS TO DIFFERENT SITES. -PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION REGARDING THE FUTURE SCENARIOS. -PROVIDE DIFFERENT MODULES THAT WOULD SERVE DIFFERENT PURPOSES (RETAIL, RESTAURANT, PUBLIC RESTROOMS, ETC.) -FURTHER ANALYZE THE FOUNDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT.

114

FIG. 5.26

115

FUTURE

DEVELOPMENT

116

117 FIG. 5.27

SKY HUB FIG. 5.27

SOLO HUB

120 FIG. 5.28

NUTRI HUB 121

122 FIG. 5.29

PARADISE HUB

124 FIG. 5.30

STUDY MODEL MATERIALS: 3” X 3” WOOD DOWELS 1-1/2” METAL PLATES HOT WHEELS WHITE SHELVE BASE WHITE/GREY SATIN PAINT

125 FIG. 5.31

FIG. 5.32

126 FIG. 5.33

FIG. 5.34

127 FIG. 5.35

STUDY MODEL MATERIALS: 1” X 1” WOOD DOWELS 1/8” WOOD DOWELS 2’X10’ WOOD BASE WOOD STAIN

128 FIG. 5.36

FINAL MASS MODEL MATERIALS: 1/8”= 1’-0” MODEL 3-D PRINTED TIME:15 HR PRINT, 5 HRS ASSEMBLY RED PAINT FOR FIGURES

129 FIG. 5.37

FIG. 5.38

130 FIG. 5.39

SECTION MODEL MATERIALS: 1/2”= 1’-0” MODEL 3-D PRINTED POWDERED BASED TIME: 20 HRS

FIG. 5.40

131 FIG. 5.41

FIG. 5.42

132 FIG. 5.43

133

FINAL THOUGHTS DUE TO THE RAPID FACTORS OF THE MODERN LIVING CONDITIONS, THE IDEOLOGY OF EXPLORING THIS TYPE OF ARCHITECTURE IS LEFT WITH MANY QUESTIONS. WHAT ELSE CAN I DO TO FURTHER DEVELOP THE IDEA? IF I ADDED NEWER IDEAS HOW WOULD MY DESIGN LOOK? IF MY DESIGN WAS BUILT, HOW WOULD IT AFFECT SOCIETY? WOULD ALL THE IDEAS WORK? ARCHITECTURE IS A TIMELINE OF IDEAS THAT DOES NOT HAVE AN ENDING. THE ART OF ARCHITECTURE IS ALWAYS LEARNING AND DESIGNING NEWER AND BETTER IDEAS. THERE IS NOT A FINAL DESIGN; IT IS JUST A DESIGN WITH A DEADLINE.

BY LEARNING HOW TO IMPLEMENT IDEAS TO THE PROCESS AND LEARNING HOW TO ORGANIZE IDEAS WAS A CHALLENGE. THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING THIS PROJECT WAS AN EXPERIENCE DUE TO THE WAY THAT AN IDEA GREW A LIVING SMALL PROJECT TO EXPLORING MODERN WAYS OF INSTALLING AND CONSTRUCTING THE PROJECT USING TECHNOLOGY WAS A GREAT EXPERIENCE. THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH AND DESIGN WAS VERY HELPFUL WHEN IT CAME TO DEVELOPING THE FINAL DESIGN. THIS THESIS SPARKED THE IDEA OF TAKING THIS PROJECT FUTURE AND FOCUSING IN IDEAS THAT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TOWARDS THE FUTURE. THIS WAS A GREAT FIRST STEP IN FIGURING OUT WHAT KIND OF ARCHITECTURE I WOULD WANT TO EXPLORE IN MY ARCHITECTURE CAREER.

134

VII

APPEND 135

ICES

136

RESOURCES CAMACHO, A. (2008). MIGRANT IMAGINARIES: LATINO CULTURAL POLITICS IN THE U.S.- MEXICO BORDERLANDS. NEW YORK: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS. CORBUSIER, L., & ETCHELLS, F. (1970). TOWARDS A NEW ARCHITECTURE. LONDON: BUTTERWORTH ARCHITECTURE. (CORBUSIER & ETCHELLS, 1970) JOHNSON, A. (2017). 76% OF AMERICANS ARE LIVING PAYCHECK-TO-PAYCHECK. [ONLINE] CNNMONEY. AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://MONEY.CNN.COM/2013/06/24/PF/ EMERGENCY-SAVINGS/ [ACCESSED 12 MAY 2017].

KNAACK, U., CHUNG-KLATTE, S. AND HASSELBACH, R. (2012). PREFABRICATED SYSTEMS. 1ST ED. BASEL, SWITZERLAND: BIRKHÄUSER. KRONENBURG, R., ÜBERS, & WESSELER, S. (2008). MOBILE ARCHITEKTUR: ENTWURF UND TECHNOLOGIE. BASEL: BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG. MAZRIA, E. (2017). THE 2030 CHALLENGE | ARCHITECTURE 2030. [ONLINE] ARCHITECTURE2030.ORG. AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://ARCHITECTURE2030.ORG/2030_ CHALLENGES/2030-CHALLENGE/ [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

SDMTS. (2015). HISTORY. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://WWW.SDMTS.COM/ ABOUT-MTS/HISTORY [ACCESSED 29 MAY 2017].

SVEIVEN, M. (2011). AD CLASSICS: NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER / KISHO KUROKAWA. [ONLINE] ARCHDAILY. AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/110745/ AD-CLASSICS-NAKAGIN-CAPSULE-TOWER-KISHO-KUROKAWA [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

TENHOUSE, A. (2017). COMMUTER STUDENTS - COMMUTER STUDENT CHALLENGES. [ONLINE] EDUCATION.STATEUNIVERSITY.COM. AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://EDUCATION. STATEUNIVERSITY.COM/PAGES/1875/COMMUTER-STUDENTS.HTML [ACCESSED 14 MAY 2017].

TRUONG, A. (2017). THE LIFE OF A MODERN-DAY NOMAD WHO HOPS FROM AIRBNB TO AIRBNB EVERY FEW WEEKS. [ONLINE] QUARTZ. AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS:// QZ.COM/643181/THE-LIFE-OF-A-MODERN-DAY-NOMAD-WHO-HOPS-FROMAIRBNB-TO-AIRBNB-EVERY-FEW-WEEKS/ [ACCESSED 12 MAY 2017].

WINGTON, A. (2005). SNAP SHOTS OF AMERICAN FAMILIES. [PDF] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WEBARCHIVE.URBAN.ORG/UPLOADEDPDF/900858_1997SNAPSHOTS.PDF [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2005].

137

FIGURES LIST 0.1

SOUTH VIEW RENDER DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

0.2

MODULAR ICON DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

0.3

DIAGRAMMATIC RENDER DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

CHAPTER 1 1.1

PEOPLE WAITING FOR A JOB INTERVIEW

1.2

NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER

1.3

EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE MODULES DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

IMAGES.ADSTTC.COM. (2014). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT:HTTP://IM AGES.ADSTTC.COM/MEDIA/IMAGES/5567/6973/E58E/CEB D/7A00/0042/LARGE_JPG/MINAMI_01.JPG?1432840547[ACCESSED 28 APR. 2017].

Chapter 2 2.1

VIEW OF HOUSING IN COLOMBIA

2.2

1977 AIRSTREAM MOTORHOME

2.3

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING METHOD STEPS FOR FORMING THE PRE-CAST CONCRETE CHAIN WALL OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

UPLOAD.WIKIMEDIA.ORG. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://UPLOAD.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/WIKIPEDIA/COMMONS/3/30/ CLASSIC_OTTOMAN_ARMY_TENTS.JPG [ACCESSED 3 MAY 2017].

UPLOAD.WIKIMEDIA.ORG. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] HTTPS://UPLOAD.WIKI MEDIA.ORG/WIKIPEDIA/COMMONS/A/AB/OGLALA_GIRL_IN_FRONT_OF_A_TIPI2.JPG [ACCESSED 3 MAY 2017].

PATENTIMAGES.STORAGE.GOOGLEAPIS.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://PATENTIMAGES.STORAGE.GOOGLEA PIS.COM/US7596909B1/US07596909-20091006-D00000.PNG [ACCESSED 3 MAY 2017].

2.4

PREFABRICATED HOMES

2.5

WORKERS TAKING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO WORK.

2.6

STUDENT TAKING THE SUBWAY

MEDIA.IWM.ORG.UK. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://ME DIA.IWM.ORG.UK/CIIM5/54/378/LARGE_000000.JPG [ACCESSED 3 MAY 2017].

DECOUVRIRLAVIEDOTCOM.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] HTTPS://DECOUVRIRLAVIEDOTCOM.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2017/03/BW.JPG [ACCESSED 22 MAY 2017]

DECOUVRIRLAVIEDOTCOM.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] HTTPS://DECOUVRIRLAVIEDOTCOM.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2017/03/BW.JPG [ACCESSED 22 MAY 2017]

2.7

WORKER COMMUTING IN A BUS CDN.THECULTURETRIP.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://CDN.THECULTURETRIP.COM/WP-CONTENT/UP LOADS/2016/11/12139679215_62D8F5C3AF_O.JPG [ACCESSED 22 MAY 2017].

138

FIGURES LIST 2.8

PREFABRICATED STRUCTURE S-MEDIA-CACHE-AK0.PINIMG.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://S-MEDIA-CACHE-AK0.PINIMG.COM/ORIGI NALS/13/5C/DE/135CDEA130F3CB4385B29D54779A896B.JPG [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

2.9

FORD COMPANY’S MANUFACTURING MASS PRODUCTION LINE

MOTORCITYMUSCLECARS.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://MOTORCITYMUSCLECARS.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2011/02/MODEL TASSEMBLY_1924.JPG [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

2.10

ADVERTISING OF ALADDIN’S “KIT HOUSE” OKLAHOMAHOUSESBYMAIL.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://OKLAHOMAHOUSESBYMAIL.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2012/11/NA TIONAL-GEOGRAPHIC-APRIL-1920.JPG [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

2.11

SEAR’S ADVERTISING OF THEIR “READY BUILT HOME” OKLAHOMAHOUSESBYMAIL.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://OKLAHOMAHOUSESBYMAIL.FILES.WORD PRESS.COM/2013/10/1930-SEARS-ELMHURST.JPG [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

2.12

EMPTY WALLET 1PJLCU210MZDVV6ZR350WQXP.WPENGINE.NETDNA-CDN.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://1PJLCU210MZDVV6ZR350WQXP.WPENGINE.NETD NA-CDN.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2016/09/WELFARE-POOR-EMPTY-WALLET.JPG [ACCESSED 23 MAY 2017].

CHAPTER 3 3.1-3.9

NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER ARCHDAILY. (2017). AD CLASSICS: NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER / KISHO KUROKAWA. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/110745/AD-CLASSICS-NAKAGIN-CAPULETOWER-KISHO-KUROKAWA [ACCESSED 8 JUN. 2017].

3.10-3.15 3.16-3.20

KASITA

KASITA. (2017). KASITA • ONE SIZE. FITS ALL.. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://KASITA.COM [ACCESSED 8 JUN. 2017].

M-CH HOUSE WWW.ANDREASGREGOR.COM, A. (2017). MICRO COMPACT HOME | WELCOME. [ONLINE] MICROCOMPACTHOME.COM. AVAILABLE AT: HTTP://WWW.MICROCOMPACTHOME.COM [ACCESSED 8 JUN. 2017].

CHAPTER 4 4.1

SITE DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.2

DIAGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.3

PHOTO OF TROLLEY TAKEN BY JUAN CRUZ

4.4

SAN DIEGO MAP DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.5

GOOGLE PHOTO OF BARRIO LOGAN

139

FIGURES LIST 4.6

GOOGLE PHOTO OF BARRIO LOGAN

4.7

H STREET PHOTO TAKEN BY JUAN CRUZ

4.8

H STREET PHOTO TAKEN BY JUAN CRUZ

4.9

SAN DIEGO MAP DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.10

CHULA VISTA MAP DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.11

AERIAL VIEW OF THE SITE

4.12

ZONING DIAGRAMS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.13

MODULARITY DIAGRAMS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.14

SITE ANALYSIS DIAGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.15

APPLE CHARGER

4.16

RENDER OF CONCEPT 1 DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.17

DIAGRAM OF CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.18

SITE PLAN FOR CONCEPT 1 DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.19-4.20

FLOOR PLANS FOR CONCEPT 1 DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.21

DIAGRAM OF STRUCTURE FOR CONCEPT 1 BY JUAN CRUZ

4.22

EARLY CONCEPT OF UTILITIES DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.23

AXONOMETRIC OF STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT BY JUAN CRUZ

4.24-4.26

RENDERS OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT 1 BY JUAN C.

4.27

DIAGRAM OF CONCEPT 2 DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.28

RENDER OF CONCEPT 2 DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.29

SITE PLAN FOR CONCEPT 2 BY JUAN CRUZ

STORE.STOREIMAGES.CDN-APPLE.COM. (2017). CITE A WEBSITE - CITE THIS FOR ME. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE AT: HTTPS://STORE.STOREIMAGES.CDN-APPLE.COM/4974/AS-IMAGES.APPLE. COM/IS/IMAGE/APPLEINC/AOS/PUBLISHED/IMAG ES/M/C5/MC556/MC556?WID=445&HEI=445&FMT=JPEG&QLT=95&OP_SHARPEN=0&RES MODE=BICUB&OP_USM=0.5,0.5,0,0&ICCEMBED=0&LAYER=COMP&.V=D_3LH0 [ACCESSED 8 JUN. 2017].

140

FIGURES LIST 4.30-4.31

FLOOR PLANS FOR CONCEPT 2 BY JUAN CRUZ

4.32-4.33

ELEVATIONS FOR CONCEPT 2 BY JUAN CRUZ

4.34

DIAGRAM OF UTILITES FOR CONCEPT 2 BY JUAN CRUZ

4.35

RENDER OF CONCEPT 2 BY JUAN CRUZ

4.36

DIAGRAM OF PROGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.37

RENDER OF THE CAPSULE DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.38

DIAGRAM OF MODULE DEVELOPMENT BY JUAN CRUZ

4.39

DIAGRAM OF EXPLODED MODULE BY JUAN CRUZ

4.40

DIAGRAM OF ROOM ARRANGMENT OF MODULE BY JUAN CRUZ

4.41

PERSPECTIVE PLAN VIEW OF MODULE BY JUAN CRUZ

4.42

PERSPECTIVE SECTION OF MODULE BY JUAN CRUZ

4.43

TRANSFORMATION OF MODULE BY JUAN CRUZ

4.44

PESPECTIVE SECTION OF 3 MODULES BY JUAN CRUZ

4.45

CONNECTION OF MODULE TO STRUCTURE BY JUAN CRUZ

4.46

VENTILATION SYSTEM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

4.47

PRESENTATION 502 MIDTERM PHOTO BY JUAN CRUZ

4.48

PRESENTATION 502 FINAL PHOTO BY JUAN CRUZ

CHAPTER 5 5.1

RENDER SHOWING MANUFACTURING OF FINAL MODULES BY JUAN CRUZ

5.3

DIAGRAM OF MODULES BEING MANUFACTURED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.4

RENDERED DIAGRAM SHOWING MODULE FABRICATION AND MATERIALS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

141

FIGURES LIST 5.5

RENDERED DIAGRAM SHOWING HOW THE MODULES ARE INSTALLED.

5.6

MAP OF SITE TOP VIEW DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.7

FINAL SITE ANALYSIS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.8

FINAL SITE PLAN DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.9-5.11

FINAL FLOOR PLANS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.12-5.13

FINAL ELEVATIONS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.14

PLUMBING DIAGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.15

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.16

MODULE SEE THROUGH DIAGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.17

FIXTURES DIAGRAMS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.18

FURNITURE DIAGRAM DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.19

STRUCTURAL CONNECTION DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.20

FOOTINGS DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.21

EXTERIOR RENDER DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.22

INTERIOR RENDER OF MODULE DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.23

RENDER OF CORRIDOR VIEW DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.24

EXTERIOR RENDER OF THE SOUTHSIDE DESIGNED BY JUAN C.

5.25

PHOTO OF FINAL PRESENTATION TAKEN BY JUAN CRUZ

5.26

RENDER OF MODULE DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.27

RENDER OF SKY HUB DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.28

RENDER OF SOLO HUB DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.29

RENDER OF NUTRI HUB DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

142

FIGURES LIST 5.30

RENDER OF PARA HUB DESIGNED BY JUAN CRUZ

5.31-5.43

PHOTOS AND MODELS MADE BY JUAN CRUZ

143

JUAN CRUZ THE DESIRE TO ASPIRE TO BE AN ARCHITECT DEVELOPED IN THE 5TH GRADE WHEN JUAN WAS GIVEN THE TASK OF BUILDING A MODEL OF THE SAN DIEGO MISSIONS. THE PROCESS AND LOVE FOR THE PROFESSION GREW THROUGH THE YEARS AND AFTER GRADUATING FROM MORSE HIGH SCHOOL IN SAN DIEGO, HE DECIDED THAT ARCHITECTURE WAS WHAT HE WANTED TO STUDY. HE ATTENDED SOUTHWESTERN COMMUNITY COLLEGE WHERE HE LEARNED THE BASICS. JUAN CAME FROM A MUSICAL BACKGROUND AND PURSUED A CAREER IN MUSIC FOR 4 YEARS BEFORE CALLING QUITS AND ENROLLING TO NEW SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN WHERE HE DEVELOPED A BIGGER PASSION FOR ARCHITECTURE. HE HAD A PASSION FOR GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONS AND PURSUED THAT AS THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT IN THE LARGE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE. IN 2013, HE AND SOME FRIENDS ENTERED A COMPETITION IN DESIGN, WHICH HE WON MULTIPLE AWARDS. HE THEN CONTINUED TO STRIVE TO DEVELOP A PERSONAL STYLE. HE GRADUATED IN 2017 FROM NEW SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN.

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