The Twenty-Fourth Issue of JEAN by jeandigitala1

東亞泉志

No.24

2021.10 / Issue 42

THE JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN NUMISMATICS 中英雙語 - 電子季刊

Bilingual (English - Chinese) Digital Quarterly

25 th

周年

JEAN 1994-2019

徐世昌 Hsu Shih-Chang

小洛克菲勒 John Rockefeller Jr.

1921 年徐世昌仁像背“仁壽同登”紀念金章無字版 1921 Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Gold Medal, without "Commemorative"

1921 年徐世昌像背“仁壽同登”紀念銀章陰刻“DR. C. PACKARD” 1921 Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Silver Medal, Engraved "DR. C. PACKARD"

『本期專題 | FEATURES 』

徐世昌像背“仁壽同登”紀念章的“前世今生” Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal: Past and Present

香港上海匯豐銀行紙幣分類研究（1865-1898）

Classifying the Notes of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Corporation, 1865-1898

北宋“懷安軍金堂縣免夫錢折納銀每鋌重伍拾兩”銀鋌 Sycee of Northern Song Dynasty Jintang County 50 Taels

古希臘帕加馬錢幣

Pergamene Coinage under the Greeks

僅供内部使用

2021 年澳門錢幣學會年會熊貓紀念章 &2021 年《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版首發紀念章 2021 Macau Numismatic Annual Expo Show Panda & 2021 Top Chinese Coins Ⅲ Release Medal

JEAN

《東亞泉志》為冠軍拍賣公司總裁周邁可先生和著名錢幣學專家史博祿先生於1994年創辦，是一本學術性錢幣研究專

《東亞泉志》

業雜誌。旨在讓廣大錢幣收藏家、研究學者更深入地瞭解錢幣知識，讓世界各地的讀者更好地瞭解中國深厚的錢幣文化。

2022 免費訂閱

《東亞泉志》於1994年7月份問世，1999年停刊，發行了

18期。2015年5月，周邁可先生決定於2016年1月復刊《東

中英雙語 - 電子季刊

亞泉志》，聘請著名錢幣研究學者袁水清先生擔任主編。

Bilingual (English - Chinese) Digital Quarterly

以披露最新錢幣收藏研究成果、推介泉界成功人士的事蹟為主。主要欄目有學術研究、人物專訪、鑒賞爭鳴、拍賣回顧、重要信息等。

25 th

No. 24

周年

JEAN 1994-2019

2021. 10 / Issue 42

14 No.

泉志

No. 17

志東亞泉東東亞泉東亞泉志志亞泉

5 No. 1 07 2019.

2020. 01 / Issue

33 Issue

No. 18

2020. 04 / Issue 36

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往期電子雜誌

THE JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN NUMISMATICS

Welcome to contribute articles. 歡迎投稿 ! Chinese / 中文 / jeanzg@163.com English / 英文 / championghka@gmail.com

Advisor

Chinese Editor

Che-lu Tseng

Yuan Shuiqing

顧問

中文主編

曾澤祿

袁水清

Hans-Henning Goehrum 漢斯 · 亨寧 · 格魯姆 Technical Advisor

Ma rket i ng Adv isor

US Correspondent

European Correspondent

Gu Jun

Mark Sutton

J. Matthew Brotherton

Oliver Strahl

技術顧問

市場顧問

顧軍

馬克·修頓

美國通訊員

馬修 · 布拉澤頓

Publisher & Editor in-Chief

Advertising & Circulation Manager

Michael H. Chou

Esther Zhao

Senior Editor

Design Director

出版人、總編輯

奧利弗·斯特拉爾

廣告與發行經理

周邁可

趙婷婷

高級編輯

美術設計

Bruce W. Smith

Steve Feller

史博祿

「中英雙語 · 電子季刊

歐洲通訊員

史蒂夫·費勒

Tan Wanmei 譚婉梅

Bilingual (English - Chinese) Digital Quarterly」

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（

FOREWORD

Welcome to the 24th issue of the digital edition of The Journal of East Asian Numismatics.

written about by famous Chinese collector and father of Nelson Chang, Nai-chi Zhang.

In this issue, we feature an article on the engraved 1921 Hsu Shi-Chang pavillion medal, which commemorates the opening of the Peking Medical College funded by the Rockefeller foundation from our Champion research group. We also have a guest article from Joe Cribb, former curator of the coin cabinet of the British Museum, on the analysis of banknotes from Hong Kong Shanghai Bank. In the area of ancient coins, we have a guest article on a Chinese cash tree from American Reverend Harris by Rong Yang. Another guest article is by Jeff Starck of Coin World on the 1848 travels of the Chinese Junk Keying ship to England. NGC David Vagi continues his series on ancient coins with an article about Pergamene coinage under the Greeks.

We also have an article, the f irst in a series, about Chinese stamps, which includes the stamps from Howard F. Bowker’s collection and his article on the Chinese 1912 specimen stamps issues.

An article from our senior advisor Dr. Tseng Che-lu is on a Chinese Northern Song dynasty Jintang County 50tael sycee in the A.N.S. Collection, which was previously

We hope our readers will find something of interest in this issue.

Michael Chou Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

CONTENTS 08 14 22 29

A Legacy of Collection: The NC Collection of Chinese Coins Won the NLG 2021 Best World Coin Book of The Year Champion〔Shanghai〕

35 38

New iAsure Book Highlights South Korean Coins

The World's Most Valuable Coin-The Gold Casting Missions of the Central Mint Jeff Garrett〔〔USA〕 and the Gold Transported to Taiwan from Mainland China

53 55

Coin Fairs and Symposiums Held in Hefei and Lanzhou

Yuan Shuiqing〔Xi'an〕

Champion Auction CEO Michael Chou Visits Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd.

Yuan Shuiqing〔Xi'an〕

Champion〔Shanghai〕

Champion Auction Releases the Top 12 Coins of the Third Edition of Top Chinese Coins Champion〔Shanghai〕 Another Masterpiece to Introduce Nationalist China’s Gold in Detail

DEPARTMENTS

The First Strike Ceremony of “Eternal Love and the Everlasting Rose Pure Silver Champion〔Shanghai〕 Coin” in Shanghai

Zhou Bian〔Shanghai〕

The Coins of the Western Xia A Masterpiece for Exploring the Numismatic Zhou Bian〔Shanghai〕 Culture of Western Xia The Qi Xiang Zhong Bao from Reverend Harris’ collection and the Qi Xiang money Rong Yang〔USA〕 trees at the American Numismatic Society Museum

FEATURES

60 78 108 112

Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal: Past and Present

COLUMN

122 128 131

Chinese Ship’s Stop At London Draws Curious Onlookers

Champion〔Shanghai〕

Classifying the Notes of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Corporation, 1865-1898 Sycee of Northern Song Dynasty Jintang County 50 Taels Pergamene Coinage under the Greeks

China Essays, 1912 The Chinese Stamp Collection of Howard Franklin Bowker

Joe Cribb〔UK〕

Che-lu Tseng〔USA〕 David Vagi〔USA〕

Jeff Starck〔USA〕

H.F. Bowker〔USA〕

Champion〔Shanghai〕

前言 yan

（

qian

歡迎閱讀《東亞泉志》第24 期。本期的專題文章刊載了一篇由冠軍研究室撰寫的《徐世昌像背“仁壽同登”紀念章的“前世今生”》，該紀念章是為了紀念由洛克菲勒基金會資助建成的北京協和醫學院奠基而鑄造的。

《東亞泉志》將從這期開始刊載一些關於中國郵票的文章，這期的文章是霍華德 · 包克撰寫的《1912年中國郵票樣票》。

希望每位讀者都可以在本期雜誌中找到一些自己感興趣的內容。

原大英博物館錢幣和徽章部主任喬 · 克裏布（Joe Cribb）的客座文章對香港上海匯豐銀行的紙幣作了分類研究。另一篇客座文章為《錢幣世界》的傑夫 · 斯塔克（Jeﬀ Starck）撰寫，內容是關於為

1848年中國“耆英”號帆船經停倫敦而鑄造的紀念章。

楊嶸先生的文章介紹了美國韓登 · 哈裏斯（Hendon Harris）牧師收藏的中國祺祥錢樹。此外，本期還繼續刊載了 NGC 大衛 · 瓦吉

的古幣系列文章，此次的文章內容是關於古希臘帕加馬錢幣。

本刊顧問曾澤祿先生基於張南琛先生的父親⸺ 張叔馴先生的文章，撰寫了一篇關於北宋金堂縣伍拾兩銀鋌的文章，該銀鋌現藏於美國錢幣學會。

《東亞泉志》總編輯兼出版人

周邁可

目錄 mu

11 18 26 32 37 41 48 52 54 58

《收藏傳奇——張南琛中國錢幣收藏》榮獲錢幣文學公會 2021 年最佳世界硬幣冠軍研究室〔上海〕圖書獎 2021 年紐埃群島永恆之愛與永生玫瑰紀念銀幣首打儀式在滬舉行

冠軍研究室〔上海〕

中國民間兩屆錢幣盛會分別在合肥、蘭州成功舉辦——冠軍總裁周邁可出席併發言

袁水清〔西安〕袁水清〔西安〕

冠軍拍賣總裁周邁可參觀長城公司紀實

《東亞泉志》將合作推出韓國錢幣相關書籍

冠軍研究室〔上海〕

冠軍拍賣直播公佈入編《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版前 12 名票選結果世界上價值最高的錢幣——1933 年美國雙鷹金幣

冠軍研究室〔上海〕

傑夫·加勒特〔美國〕

部門

又一部詳細介紹“國府黃金”的力著：《中央造幣廠鑄金案與大陸運臺黃金》探求西夏錢幣文化的扛鼎之作——《西夏錢幣集》

哈裏斯牧師舊藏祺祥重寶和美國集幣協會博物館藏祺祥錢樹

周邊〔上海〕周邊〔上海〕

楊嶸〔美國〕

專題

70 94 110 117

徐世昌像背“仁壽同登”紀念章的“前世今生”

專欄

125 130 135

1848 年中國帆船“耆英”號抵英紀念章歷史背景

香港上海匯豐銀行紙幣分類研究（1865-1898）

北宋“懷安軍金堂縣免夫錢折納銀每鋌重伍拾兩”銀鋌古希臘帕加馬錢幣

1912 年中國郵票樣票

不懈追求於方寸之間——霍華德•佛蘭克林·包克的郵票收藏

冠軍研究室〔上海〕

喬·克裏布〔英國〕曾澤祿〔美國〕

大衛·瓦吉〔美國〕

杰夫·斯塔克〔美国〕

霍华德·佛兰克林·包克〔美国〕

冠軍研究室〔上海〕

DEPARTMENTS

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NEWS

A Legacy of Collection: The NC Collection of Chinese Coins Won the NLG 2021 Best World Coin Book of The Year ◎ Champion〔Shanghai〕

auction in Macau on May 30th, 2021, which set over 60 Chinese coin auction records and the 100 NC Collection lots sold for over us 18 million, also setting a record for an individual Chinese vintage coin collection at auction. Nelson's book and auction reflect his extraordinary path of collection from one of the members of one of the most famous families of collectors in modern China. Working with Nelson Chang and his family on this book project, I was

A Legacy of Collection: The NC Collection of Chinese Coins

Nelson Chang

was a great honor to receive It a notice today from my friend and

Coin Book of the Year. This we

Executive Director of the Numismatic

Chinese author to win one of the

Literary Guild (The Oscars of the

NLG Best book categories. With the

numismatic publishing) Charles

release of this A Legacy of Collection:

Morgan that my great friend and

The NC Collection of Chinese Coins

mentor Nelson Chang ( 張南琛 , or

(hereinafter referred to as NC book)

NC) has won the 2021 Best World

and the follow-up NC Collection

able to learn not only about Chinese numismatics but also about modern Chinese history and his fantastic

believe Nelson is the first ethnic

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Numismatic Literary Guild

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adventures from this true Chinese gentleman. It was a great honor and a lifetime memory that will stay with me forever. Back in 2015, our Howard Franklin Bowker book also with Ron Guth, Bruce Smith, and the Bowker family won one of the 12 NLG extraordinary merit books for 2015. It was an extreme privilege to work with Ron Guth, Bruce Smith, and the Chang family on the Nelson Chang book,

Online Awarding Ceremony

and also I would like to thank our Journal of East Asian numismatics staff, Mr. Yuan, Mr. Zhou, Ms. Zhao,

with our friend Jeﬀ Garrett.

we hope we will have another chance at the 2022 Best World Coin Book

Ms. Tam, Ms. Tsai, our friend designer Mr. Deng who has typeset all of

it has been a great honor to work with

and perhaps even the overall book of

our numismatic books and auction

Ron Guth and Bruce again on the NC

the year?

catalogs since 2010, and the fantastic

book and previously on the 2010 Top

photos by NGC's Doug Plasencia for

Chinese Coins Silver edition, 2015

Many famous authors such as Q

this great honor.

Howard Franklin Bowker, Rob Guth

David Bowers, Roger Burdette, David

2020 Standard Catalog of Chinese

Lange (NGC), Scott Travers, Ron

show pandas.

Guth, Jeﬀ Garrett, Kenneth Bressett,

Our great friend and former PCGS

David Vagi (NGC), has won multiple

president and executive director of the Numismatic Literary Guild, Ron

We plan to release a third edition of

NLG books of the year and best

Guth won the 2003 NLG book of the

the Top Chinese coins this Fall again

articles. It is an extreme honor for

year for the 100 Greatest US coins

with Ron Guth and Bruce Smith and

me to be in this group of numismatic

Ron Guth

Howard Franklin BowkerNumismatic Pioneer

Chinese Show Panda Catalogue（ 1984-2019）

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Top Chinses Coins (Silver Coinage)

DEPARTMENTS

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Fro m le ft : Vi c ke n Ye g p a r ia n , From left: Micahel Chou, Robert Van Ryzin, Fred From left: Thomas Michael, David Michael Chou, Ron Guth, Ellen Schwan, Clifford Mishler, Thomas, Michael, Mark Vagi, Michael Chou Feingold Sutton

authors. From 2001 to 2020 many

Boling (2021) Jeﬀ Starck (2021), and

content producers who cover news

past winners were from the Krause

Howard Daniel.

and feature stories about all forms

Publications' catalog of World

of money, medals, and tokens as

Coins and Paper Money, winning

The best world auction catalog goes

Best world coin or Paper money

to Heritage auctions for its Paramount

categories in 2001, 2004,2006,2008,

auction catalog of world coins, the

2009,2011,2013,2014,2015,2016,

Samsung collection formed the basis

and 2018. It has been a great

for both Paramount and pinnacle

pleasure to serve on the Krause

collection auctions which realized

publications coin of year award

over us 60 million, a record for a world

nominating committee, many of the

coin collection which shows the vision

members are past winners of the NLG

of the Samsung chairman Lee and

book and best article awards such

funded my friend KI Lee of Hwadong

as Clifford Mishler, George Cuhaj,

to help build this fabulous collection.

Robert Van Ryan, David Harper, and

it was a great honor to participate in

Tom Michael.

the building of this fabulous collection

collectible.

in Seoul Korea. The NC collection of Our Journal of East Asian

Chinese coins auction held on May

Numismatics senior editor Steve

30th in Macau was after the April 30th

Feller with his daughter Ray Feller

deadline for this year's nomination,

in 2007 win the Best Tokens and

we hope to submit this NC auction

Medals book for Silent Witnesses:

catalog for NLG consideration in

Civilian Camp Money of World War

2022.

II. Many of our writers for the Journal

of East Asian Numismatics have win-

The Numismatic Literary Guild

win past NLG awards such as Neil

(NLG) founded in 1968 is a nonproﬁt

Shafer, Ron Guth, Jeﬀ Garrett, David

organization composed of editors,

Vagi(2021) Fred Schwan(2021), Joe

authors, writers, bloggers, and

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2021 Champion Macau Auction Catalog - NC Chinese Coin Collection

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新聞 NEWS

《收藏傳奇—張南琛中國錢幣收藏》榮獲錢幣文學公會2021年最佳世界硬幣圖書獎 ◎ 冠軍研究室〔上海〕

於 2021 年 4 月 30 日出版；同年 5 月 29 日在澳門首發；次日，即 5 月 30 日， 2021 年冠軍澳門拍賣會“張南琛中國錢幣收藏專場”拍賣在澳門十六浦索菲特大酒店舉行，張南琛收藏的錢幣中有 100 多枚亮相拍場且悉數成交，其中 60 多枚打破拍賣紀錄，成交總額超過 1 800 萬美元，這一成績也締造了中國單個機製幣收藏的拍賣紀錄。不論是張先生這本錢幣著作，還是其收藏拍賣的結果，都反映了他作為現代中國最著名的收藏家族成員的非凡收藏歷程。《收藏傳奇⸺ 張南琛中國錢幣收藏》

張南琛年輕照

周邁可和張南琛及其家人共同完成了該成書項目。在此過程中，周邁可對中國錢幣、中國近代史，及這位華人

5 月 10 日，周邁可先生從好友 ⸺

錢幣文學公會成立於 1968 年，是由錢

錢幣文學公會（Numismatic Literary

幣、紀念章和代幣等收藏品新聞和專

Guild，簡稱 NLG）執行董事查爾斯·摩

題故事領域的編輯、作家、博客主、

根（Charles Morgan）處得知，他的

內容生產者共同組建的非營利性組織。

導師張南琛所著《收藏傳奇⸺ 張南

其所頒獎項堪稱錢幣出版業內的奧斯

琛中國錢幣收藏一書》獲得了 2021 年

卡獎。

最佳世界硬幣圖書獎，張南琛也是第一位獲得 NLG 最佳圖書類獎項的華人

《收藏傳奇⸺ 張南琛中國錢幣收藏》

錢幣文學公會

作家。

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君子的傳奇經歷有了更加深入的瞭解。這對周邁可而言是一項殊榮，也是值得珍藏一生的記憶。回顧 2015 年，我們與古富（Ron Guth）、史博祿（Bruce Smith），及包克家族合作完成了《霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克⸺ 錢幣收藏先驅者》專著，這本書也是 12 本榮獲 2015 年非凡圖書獎的書籍之一。我們對此次能夠再次與古富、史博祿一起，與張氏家族共同完成這本《收藏傳奇⸺ 張南琛中國錢幣收藏》倍感榮幸。在此，周

線上頒獎典禮

邁可也想感謝同人⸺ 《東亞泉志》編輯部的袁水清、周邊、趙婷婷、譚婉梅和柴慶慶，自 2010 年起為我們所

周邁可很榮幸可以和古富以及史博祿

年最佳世界硬幣圖書獎，乃至年度圖

有錢幣著作及拍賣目錄進行排版設計

再次共同完成張南琛收藏書。此前我

書大獎。

的鄭會群，以及為本書拍攝了精美照

們在 2010 年共同編著了《中國近代機

片的 NGC 攝影師道格·普朗查德（Doug

製幣精品鑒賞銀幣版》，在 2015 年完

很多著名的作家也獲得了 2021 年

Planchard）。

成了《霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克⸺ 錢幣

NLG 的圖書獎項和最佳文章獎，包括

收藏先驅者》。周邁可還和古富、陳

大衛·鮑沃斯（David Bowers）、羅傑·伯

周邁可的好友古富原是 PCGS 總裁，

景林在 2020 年完成了《中國熊貓紀念

代特（Roger Lange）、大衛·蘭格（David

也曾擔任錢幣文學公會執行董事。他

章目錄 1984-2019》一書。

Lange, NGC）、斯科特·特拉弗斯（Scott Travers）、古富（Ron Guth）、傑夫·加

與周邁可的另一位好友傑夫· 加勒特（Jeﬀ Garrett）合著的《美國最偉大

我們和古富、史博祿一起正在編撰的

勒特 (Jeﬀ Garrett)、肯尼斯·佈雷塞特

的 100 枚硬幣》曾獲得了 2013 年錢

《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版，

(Kenneth Bressett)、大衛·瓦吉（David

幣文學公會年度圖書大獎。

預計於 2021 年秋出版發行。我們也

Vagi, NGC）等。我們對能夠和這些錢

希望這本精品圖書有機會獲得 2022

幣作家共同獲獎倍感榮幸。

古富

《霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克 ⸺ 錢幣學研究先驅者》

《中國熊貓紀念章目錄 1984-2019》

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《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞銀幣版》

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DEPARTMENTS

左起：斯達克· 鮑沃斯拍賣行左起：周邁可、羅伯特·範·裏津、弗雷德·施萬、克左起：世界硬幣大獎賽協調人托（Stack's Bowers）古錢幣部門裏福德·米什勒、托馬斯·邁克爾、馬克·修頓，合影馬斯·邁克爾、大衛·瓦吉、周邁可副總經理維肯·葉格帕裏安（ Vicken 於 2019 年芝加哥 ANA 年會官方晚宴 Yegparian ）、冠軍拍賣總裁周邁可、古富、美國史密森國家歷史博物館國家錢幣收藏館館長埃倫·費恩戈爾德合影於 2018 年芝加哥美國錢幣學會年會

2001 年至 2020 年間，很多獲獎圖書

（Neil Shafer）、古富、傑夫·加勒特、

乃是克勞斯出版社的世界硬幣和紙幣

大衛·瓦吉（2021 年）、弗雷德·施萬

目錄，它們在 2001 年、2004 年、

（Fred Schwan，2021 年）、喬伊·博

2006 年、2008 年、2009 年、2011 年、

林（Joe Boling，2021 年）、傑夫·斯

2013 年、2014 年、2015 年、2016 年

塔克（Jeﬀ Starck，2021 年）和霍華德·丹

和 2018 年贏得了世界最佳硬幣和紙幣

尼爾（Howard Daniel）。

目錄的獎項。而周邁可也有幸擔任克勞斯世界硬幣大獎賽提名委員會委員。

2021 年的世界最佳拍賣目錄花落海瑞

提名委員會中的很多委員都曾獲得

得拍賣公司（Heritage Auctions）的

NLG 圖書類獎項和最佳文章獎，如克

Paramount 世界錢幣藏集拍賣目錄。

裏福德 · 米什勒（Cliﬀord Mishler）、

三星博物館收藏的 Paramount 藏集和

喬治 · 古哈（George S. Cuhaj）、大衛·哈

Pinnacle 藏家拍賣成交額超過 6 000

珀（David Harper）、托馬斯 · 邁克爾

萬美元，創造了世界錢幣收藏的拍賣

（Thomas Michael）、羅伯特 · 範 ·

紀錄，這足見三星集團會長李健熙的

裏津（Robert Van Ryzin）。

眼光之獨到。而這一韓國頂尖收藏是由周邁可的好友李建一（K.I. Lee）幫

《東亞泉志》高級編輯史蒂夫· 費勒

冠軍 2021 春季澳門拍賣會張南琛中國錢幣收藏專場拍賣目錄

助他建造完成的。

（Steve Feller）及其女兒蕾·費勒（Ray Feller）所著《沉默的見證者⸺ 第二

由於冠軍 2021 年春季澳門拍賣會《張

次世界大戰平民營貨幣》贏得了 2007

南琛中國錢幣收藏專場拍賣目錄》推

年最佳代幣和紀念章圖書獎。除此之

出的時間晚於 2021 年 NLG 提名的截

外，《東亞泉志》的很多文章作者也

至時間，我們寄希望於這本目錄能夠

曾獲得過 NLG 的獎項，如尼爾·謝弗

在 2022 年提交評選。

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The First Strike Ceremony of "Eternal Love and the Everlasting Rose Pure Silver Coin" in Shanghai ◎ Champion〔Shanghai〕

The First Strike Ceremony of "Eternal Love and the Everlasting Rose Pure Silver Coin" On the morning of Thursday, September 23rd, the f irst strike ceremony of the“ Eternal Love and the Everlasting Rose Pure Silver Coin ” (hereinafter referred to as the rose coin) was held at Shanghai New Century Co., Ltd. in Shanghai. The ceremony was streamed on Kuaishou simultaneously. Yi Shizhong ( 裔式忠 , founder of Shanghai New Century Mint Co., Ltd. and former die engraver of the Shanghai Mint), Yu Min ( 余敏 , former senior designer of the Shanghai Mint, winner of COTY Lifetime Achievement Award), Michael Chou (the president of Champion Auction and Magnico), Michael Corley

The commemorative card of the first strike ceremony

(NGC Shanghai finalizer), Mateo Zhao ( 趙振陽 , NGC Asian Market Expansion Director), and Joe

From left: Yi Shizhong, Joe Sullivan, Michael Corley, Yu Min, Michael Chou, Gu Jun, Mateo Zhao 14

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Mateo Zhao showing the commemorative card of the first strike ceremony and displaying the NGC holder designed for the rose coin

Yi Shizhong delivering a speech

Yu Min delivering a speech

Sullivan (NGC Asian Operation Director) presented the ceremony.

diﬀerent dies with diﬀerent minting techniques for the Butterf ly Lovers side and several techniques used on the Romeo and Juliet side also.

First, NGC Asian Market Expansion Director Mateo Zhao explained the designing philosophy of the coin. It is based on two of the greatest love stories, one from the East, Butterf ly Lovers, and one from the West, Romeo and Juliet. This special coin celebrates love by using an everlasting rose that originated from a real Chinese rose.

Yu Min, the designer of the rose coin, also made a speech. He discussed the difficulty of the project of combing a real rose with the background design of the butterf ly lovers as the rose occupies over 80% of the obverse. The design of the Romeo and Juliet side was selected from multiple drafts. He were even successful in integrating the architectural balcony from the story.

Mateo also showed the special NGC holder of the Yu Min also showed the plaster mold of the Butterfly Lovers side.

f irst strike ceremony commemorative card with the signature of the designer Yu Min and introduces the NGC holder designed for the rose coin.

Michael Chou also showed great support to the rose coin project.

The rose coin is produced by the Shanghai New Century Mint Co., Ltd.

Michael Chou illustrated the concept of a worldleading coin designed by a Chinese designer and minted in China. He expressed his gratitude to the

Yi Sh izhong, the founder of the Shangha i New Century Mint Co., Ltd. indicated that they made six

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partners, Middle Earth Mint and B.H. Mayer, on sharing the everlasting rose concept to produce a unique coin based on the greatest love stories of east and west.

and may have a chance to be the first coin to win an overall Coin of the Year award for China. Designer Yu Min struck the first rose coin with the help of a technician after his speech.

The concept of the rose coin took four years to develop and it was one of the most challenging coins to produce. It is hoped that this coin will be a strong presence in the 2023 Coin of the Year competition,

The f i r st st r i ke ceremony of t he “ 2 021 M acau Numismatic Society Annual Expo Medal ”was held on the same day. The medal was also designed by Yu Min.

Yu Min showing the plaster mold

Michael Chou delivering a speech and showing the Chinese version of the Coin of the Year Book

Yu Min striking the first rose coin

Yu Min showing the first rose coin

NGC finalizer Michael Corley and Yi Shizhong examining the first rose coin

The first rose coin

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The "Eternal Love & the Everlasting Rose Pure Silver Coin" This is the first coin to describe the two greatest love stories of east and west. The technique used on the rose pattern below Romeo and Juliet is worthy of mentioning. The rose is raised f lat and a prism allows for different colors to be seen from different angles. The rose coin features an everlasting rose with the two main characters in the story of Butterfly Lovers in high relief. They look away from each other with a Chinese plume tree separating them, and two butterflies flying together showing the final scene of the story. The plum flower, the plum tree, and background used a finish silver effect. For the butterflies and the window a blasting and mirror effect was used while the face and clothes of the characters employed a laser-blasting effect. The reverse shows Romeo and Juliet.

rose coin

Romeo meets Juliet on the balcony against a Venetian window with a fading brick background, and both are in classic costume. Within the window is the classic line from the play Romeo and Juliet . The white brick joints are shown with a white blasting effect. The design reproduces the actual site where the story took place which has been a famous tourist destination in Venice for centuries. The rose coin is packed with a special heart-shaped glass box with gold plating to show the beauty of this unique and special coin. The“Eternal Love and the Everlasting Rose Coin”, 2 oz in weight, 45mm in diameter, .999 silver, was approved to be issued by Niue Islands. Mintage: 600.

The 2021 MNS Annual Expo Medal The 2021 MNS Annual Expo Medal designed by Yu Min was to celebrate the reopening of the Macau Grand Prix Museum. The medal was produced by Shanghai New Century Mint Co., Ltd.

2021 MNS Annual Expo Medal

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2021 年紐埃群島永恆之愛與永生玫瑰紀念幣首打儀式在滬舉行 ◎ 冠軍研究室〔上海〕

“永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣首打儀式 9月23日（週四）上午，2021年紐埃群島永恆之愛與永生玫

瑰紀念銀幣首打儀式在上海新世紀紀念幣製造有限公司隆重舉行。

首打儀式也在快手上進行了同步直播。參加此次首打儀式的有：上海新世紀紀念幣製造有限公司創辦人、原上海造幣有限公司手工模具雕刻師裔式忠先

生；原上海造幣高級工藝美術師、世界硬幣大獎賽終身成就獎得主余敏先生；冠軍拍賣及 Magnico 公司總裁周邁

可先生；NGC 上海終評評級師麥克 · 考利先生（Michael

Corley）；NGC 亞洲市場拓展總監趙振陽先生；NGC 亞

洲運營總監喬 · 沙利文先生（Joe Sullivan）。

首先，NGC 亞洲市場拓展總監趙振陽先生介紹了這枚紀

首打儀式紀念卡

念銀幣的設計理念。這枚紀念幣的主題基於東西方最偉大

左起：裔式忠、喬·沙利文、麥克·考利、余敏、周邁可、顧軍、趙振陽

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DEPARTMENTS

趙振陽先生展示“永恆之愛與永生玫瑰” 紀念銀幣首打儀式紀念卡以及NGC為玫瑰幣設計的封裝盒

裔式忠先生發言

余敏先生發言

的兩個愛情故事⸺ 梁祝以及羅密歐與朱麗葉，旨在紀念

工藝難度頗高。而背面的羅密歐與朱麗葉場景設計是在對

永恆的愛情，上面還載以用真正的玫瑰製作的永生玫瑰。

多個設計稿進行反復比較修改後選出的，最終的設計還融入了故事背景中真實的陽臺建築。

趙振陽先生還展示了 NGC 封裝的余敏簽名該紀念銀幣首

打儀式紀念卡，並介紹了 NGC 專門為其幣設計的封裝盒。

余敏先生還展示了梁祝一面的石膏。

此次負責制造“2021年紐埃群島永恆之愛與永生玫瑰紀念

此次“2021年紐埃群島永恆之愛與永生玫瑰紀念銀幣”項

上海新世紀紀念幣製造有限公司創辦人裔式忠先生表示，

周邁可先生闡述了他將中國設計師設計與中國製造相結合，

同的鑄造工藝，正式製造前還曾就各種不同的模具進行了

Earth 造幣廠和梅耶造幣有限公司表示感謝，感謝他們提

銀幣”的是上海新世紀紀念幣製造有限公司。

目的成功還得益於周邁可先生的支持。

此次共為該紀念銀幣製造了6款樣品，正反兩面均採用了不

從而生產出世界頂尖錢幣的理念。他還對合作夥伴 Middle

出了以東西方最偉大的愛情故事和永生玫瑰相結合，生產

嘗試。

出獨一無二紀念幣的想法。

之後， “永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣的設計師余敏先生

“永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣的研發耗時4 年，是最具

進行了發言。他在發言中介紹了將玫瑰和梁祝主題結合和

工藝難度。他表示，因為正面的玫瑰佔據了約80% 的面積，

挑戰性的錢幣項目之一。我們希望這枚幣可以入選 2023年

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世界硬幣大獎賽，它有可能成為第一枚由中國設計並製造

同日也是 2021年澳門錢幣學會年會紀念章的首打儀式。這

獲得最佳硬幣大獎的硬幣。

枚紀念章同樣是由余敏先生設計。

嘉賓發言之後，設計師余敏先生在工作人員的協助下正式壓製首打幣。

余敏先生展示该幣石膏模型

周邁可先生發言並展示《世界硬幣大獎賽》中文版圖書

余敏先生壓製首打幣

余敏先生展示首打幣

麥克·考利先生（中）和裔式忠先生檢查首打幣

首打幣

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“永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣這是第一次有一枚錢幣同時描繪了兩個世界上最偉大的愛情故事。

工藝方面有一點非常值得一提，那就是羅密歐與朱麗葉下

方的玫瑰整體平凸，但白色亮丸實現了灰色鐳射幻彩效果，隨着角度的變換會呈現出紅、藍、綠、黃等各種不同的顏色。 “永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣正面載以永生玫瑰，圖案以中國古代著名愛情故事梁山伯與祝英臺為主題。幣上超高浮雕的梁山伯與祝英臺人物肖像相互背離，被一顆桃

樹分開。樹上兩只蝴蝶翩翩飛舞，應和了梁祝故事的結局。正面的桃花、桃樹和背景均採用了古銀效果，蝴蝶與窗格呈現了噴砂和鏡面的效果，人物面部和衣服則採用了漸變鐳射砂工藝。

銀幣背面圖案則是著名的羅密歐與朱麗葉的故事。二人身

着歐洲古典禮服站在陽臺上，背後是威尼斯特色的穹頂窗戶和褪色的磚塊。窗內的文字為《羅密歐與朱麗葉》的經

典對白。牆上的白色磚縫線為白砂，牆面則採用了上亮下白

“永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣

的漸變噴砂。陽臺、窗戶和磚牆均複刻了故事所發生的實際地點，該地點現已成為威尼斯的著名旅遊景點。

這枚特別的錢幣採用了特別定制的心形鍍金玻璃盒，從而

更好地呈現了這枚獨特而特殊的永恆之愛玫瑰紀念銀幣的美麗。

“永恆之愛與永生玫瑰”紀念銀幣經紐埃群島官方許可發行，面值5元，重 2盎司，直徑45毫米，成色為99.9% ，鑄

造量600 枚。

2021年澳門錢幣學會年會紀念章 2021年的澳門錢幣學會年會紀念章仍由余敏先生設計，以

紀念澳門賽車博物館重新開館為主題。該紀念章也將由上海新世紀紀念幣製造有限公司製造。

2021年澳門錢幣學會年會紀念章

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Coin Fairs and Symposiums Held in Hefei and Lanzhou ◎ Yuan Shuiqing〔Xi'an〕

Image 1 Group photo of the delegates of the 7th National Coin Exhibition The Event was organized by the China Collectors

Luo Bojian ( 羅

Association and the Anhui Collectors Association. The

Association, Shi Xiaoyan ( 石肖岩 ), chairman of the Board

exhibition hall covers an area of more than 2,000 square

of Supervisors of the China Collectors Association and

meters. There were more than 20 well-known coin dealers

director of the Coin Collecting Committee, Cai Zhongyin ( 蔡

from both home and abroad, and more than 200 individual

中寅 ), chairman of Anhui Collectors Association.

伯

健 ), chairman of China Collectors

booths. More than 300 guests attended the event, including coin experts, coin collectors, coin investors, coin

The purpose of the China Coin Summit Forum is to

dealers, and major media companies.

promote China's coin collecting culture. The forum had 13 keynote speakers. They were Duan Honggang ( 段洪剛 ), general manager of Beijing Gongbo Coins Authentication;

△1

Mateo Zhao ( 趙振陽 ), general manager of NGC Asia;

The attendees had a coin exhibition exchange and

Michael Oviedo ( 歐

discussed the forum on "How to promote the healthy

International Business; Wang Gang ( 王

development of China's coin business" and the Quanzhen

vice president of Nanjing Baocui Grading; Wang Liang

Anhui Dadu 2021 Coin Auction also took place. This was a

( 王亮 ), deputy director of Zhaoonline; Zhou Tong ( 周

large-scale, high-proﬁle coin event. Some important ﬁgures

桐 ), chief technical officer of Zhongke Suyuan; Michael

delivered speeches at the conference (Image 2), including

Chou, president of Champion Auction; Cui Baoguo ( 崔寶

睿

哲 ), vice president of PCGS 剛 ), executive

Image 2 Addresses by Luo Bojian ( 羅伯健 ), Shi Xiaoyan ( 石肖岩 ) and Cai Zhongyin ( 蔡中寅 ) 22

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國 ), deputy general manager of Henan Coin; Lu Ziying,

Bowker's Red Collection notes to the Macau University

general manager of Ji Ya Xuan, Hebei; Qian Yipin ( 錢一品 ),

of Science and Technology, and the auction proceeds of

general manager of Dadu Auction, Anhui; Zhang Yiqiang

Bowker's collection of rare Chinese stamps to the Macao

( 張毅強 ), general manager of Tianjin Keyi Workshop;

Numismatic Society and the Macao Primary School," said

Tang Xingbang ( 唐興幫 ), business manager of China

Michael Chou.

Hong Kong Coin Company; and Fang Xiao ( 方曉 ), editorin-chief of China Collections. The speakers discussed the

The summit dialogue, planned and presided over by Ye

trend of coin collecting in China, focusing on the promotion

Tao ( 葉濤 ), vice chairman of the Numismatic Committee

of the development of coin collecting in China. They also

of the Chinese Collectors Association, was intense,

gave suggestions on how to push China's coin collecting

exciting and focused. Michael Oviedo, Mateo Zhao, Wang

to a new stage and improve the standardization of coin

Gang, and Chief Collection founder Zhou Shouyuan ( 周

grading, based on their respective business responsibilities

壽遠 ) respectively introduced their respective company

and roles in the coin industry.

statuses, and answered questions raised by the audience. Questions related to topics such as slow rating speed and

Michael Chou, president of Champion Auction has been

inconsistent milled coins rating standards were discussed

working for many years to bring Chinese coin culture

(Image 4).

to the world, "Champion Auction was founded in 1996, and it mainly auctions modern Chinese milled coins. It

△2

has successfully held many auctions in Hong Kong and Macao. The Journal of East Asian Numismatic (JEAN) was

The 17th China Copper Coin Symposium and 2021

founded in 1994. Since 2016, it has been converted into

Lanzhou Coin Fair | Long Xin Restaurant, Lanzhou |

a bilingual quarterly and has been distributed in simpliﬁed

September 24th-26th (Image 5).

Chinese to readers in the Chinese mainland. Over the years, the JEAN have devoted ourselves to the study of

More than 40 people participated in the Copper Coin

coins and the exchange of coins culture. We have done

Conference (Image 5). This year's China Copper Coin

several important things to promote the development

Symposium integrated seminars, exhibitions, and auctions,

of China's coin collecting. First, from 2007 to 2008,

and was a complete success. The organizing team

Champion have held coin seminars in Beijing, Shanghai,

represented by He Huazhong ( 何華忠 ) made detailed

Hong Kong and Taipei, and cooperated with PCCS to

preparations before the symposium. One of the highlights

introduce western third-party coin and banknote grading

is the beautiful and exquisite Memorial Medal of the

concepts into China. Secondly, Champion pays attention

Seventeenth China Copper Coin Symposium they minted.

to the study of Chinese coins, especially the study of

The obverse side of the medal is the front of the statue of

Chinese milled coins. In 2009 and 2011, we published the

Sun Yat-sen from the seventeenth year of the Republic of

ﬁrst edition of Top Chinese Coins and the second edition of

China (Gansu), 50 Cash, and patterns on the reverse side

Top Chinese Coins (silver coinage edition). In November

include the Lanzhou landmark Iron Bridge over the Yellow

2021, we will publish the third edition of Top Chinese

River (also known as the Zhongshan Bridge), Yellow River,

Coins. At the same time, Champion have also introduced

and White Tower Mountain, highlighting the local currency

Chinese coin collecting abroad by publishing monographs

culture. Among them, 17 sets of gold and silver sets of

on Howard Franklin Bowker and Nelson Chang. Third, we

stamps are priced at 9,000 yuan each; 300 sets of silver

are keen to sponsor the development of the coin business.

and bronze sets of stamps are priced at 400 yuan each.

Over the past 10 years, we have donated 10 million

The sides of the medals are numbered, and all of them

yuan and materials worth hundreds of millions of yuan to

have been graded by Huaxia. (Image 6)

the study of coins and have been sponsoring the China Copper Dollar Seminar. This year, we will also donate

The seminar is presided by Zhou Qinyuan ( 周沁園 ), a

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Image 4 The host of the summit dialogue, Ye Tao; from left: Michael Oviedo, Mateo Zhao ( 趙振陽 ), Wang Gang ( 王剛 ), Zhou Shouyuan ( 周壽遠 )

Michael Chou delivering a speech at the Summit Forum

Image 5 Group photo of participants at the 17th China Copper Coin Symposium

Image 6 Commemorative medal of the 17th China Copper Coin Symposium Top figure: gold and silver medal set Bottom figure: silver and copper medal set

Image 7 He Huazhong ( 何華忠 ) giving a speech

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copper coin expert. He Huazhong ( 何華忠 ) delivered

Zhang Tongbo, a 34-year-old Gansu native who works

an enthusiastic speech (Image 7), saying, "The history

on the Internet, gave a lecture on the copper coins made

of copper coins in Gansu province is quite special. In the

in Lanzhou, Gansu, during the periods of the Republic

period of the Republic of China, the copper coins of Gansu

of China, the Beiyang Army, the Northwest Army, and

province were first made by sand casting technology

the Central Mint of China respectively, and received high

without machines, and then the patterns of other provinces

praise from the participants.

to make copper coins were copied without coin-making authorization from the government. Later, the Longnan

The 18th China Copper Yuan Seminar will be held in

Bureau of Machinery in Tianshui, the Gansu Mint in

Taiyuan, Shanxi Province in 2022.

Lanzhou and the Lanzhou branch of the Central Mint of China formed a copper coin system with sand plates,

By the 24th, the hall and aisles of the 2021 Lanzhou Coin

mechanism imitation of copper coins from other provinces,

Fair were already full of coins booths. On the 26th, the

self-made copper coins from this province, undertaking

exchange hall of the fair was lively, and the collections

the task of Central Mint of China, etc. Gansu is famous all

at the fair were mainly ancient coins and modern coins.

over the country for its ﬁne toning copper. Coin collectors

The prices of ancient coins at the scene were ﬂat, and the

all like the copper coins from Kengkou, Gansu, for ﬂoating

silver dollar market had stabilized. The Beijing Gongbo

soil under the light coating is the beauty of copper coins,

Copper Coins Boutique Exhibition was arranged on the

and people never tire of seeing them."

right side of the entrance of the exhibition hall. Although there were only about 50 exhibits, they were of high

After Mr. Zhou spoke, the leading figure in the copper

quality. The 2021 Niue Island Eternal Love and Everlasting

coin ﬁeld, Duan Honggang made a speech. Co-organiser

Rose Commemorative 5-yuan silver coin, Nelson Chang

and president of Champion Auction, Michael Chou, said

coin collection commemorative medal, and the JEAN

he would continue to support the China Copper Coin

magazines on display at Champion Auction attracted many

Symposium, and pay attention to the discovery of new

friends. Michael Chou and Yuan Shuiqing were also invited

products and varieties of copper coins, and disclose the

to attend the Xixia Coin Seminar on the afternoon of the

latest research in JEAN. Shen Xueming ( 沈雪明 ), a

25th and gave speeches on the Xixia Coin Collection

milled coin collector, shared with the participants the " 汴 "

edited by Tian Zhanjun ( 田戰軍 ) (Image 9).

(Bian) series copper coins of Henan province. In addition,

Image 8 Zhang Tongbo( 張通博 ) giving a keynote speech

Image 9 Xixia Coin Conference site

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中國民間兩屆錢幣盛會分別在合肥、蘭州成功舉辦冠軍總裁周邁可出席併發言 ◎ 袁水清〔西安〕

圖 1 第七屆全國錢幣博覽會代表合影新冠肺炎疫情在中國個別地區反彈得到控制的 2021 年 9 月，

300 餘人歡聚一堂，不僅參加錢幣展覽交流，還參與探討“如

第七屆全國錢幣收藏博覽會、第十七屆中國銅元研討會及其

何推進中國錢幣事業健康發展”的高峰論壇，以及“泉珍·安

相關活動，分別在合肥、蘭州兩地舉辦。冠軍拍賣作為協辦

徽大都二〇二一錢幣專場拍賣會”。堪稱一次規模大，規格

單位之一給予大力支持，總裁周邁可蒞會發言，《東亞泉志》

高，內容豐富的錢幣專業盛會。中國收藏家協會理事長羅伯

中文主編袁水清隨同前往。

健、監事長兼錢幣委員會會長石肖岩，安徽省收藏家協會主席蔡中寅出席大會分別講話、致辭 ( 圖 2)。

(一) 中國錢幣高峰論壇以弘揚中國錢幣收藏文化為宗旨，13 位第七屆全國錢幣收藏博覽會暨中國錢幣收藏高峰論壇 9 月

主旨演講者⸺ 北京公博總經理段洪剛、美國 NGC 亞洲業

17 日一 19 日在合肥世紀鑫源大飯店召開 ( 圖 1)。

務總監趙振陽、美國 PCGS 國際業務副總裁歐睿哲、南京保粹執行副總裁王剛、趙湧在線錢幣部副總監王亮、中科溯

夲次活動由中國收藏家協會和安徽省收藏家協會主辦。展廳

源首席技術官周桐、冠軍拍賣總裁周邁可、河南錢幣副總經

面積 2 000 多平方米，展位安排科學合理。參展的國內外知

理崔寶國、河北集雅軒總經理陸子瑩、安徽大都拍賣執行總

名錢幣企業 20 多家，個人展位 200 多個。業界錢幣專家，

經理錢一品、天津刻意工坊總經理張毅強、中國香港錢幣有

錢幣收藏家，實力錢幣投資商、經銷商，各大專業媒體共

限公司業務經理唐興幫、《中國收藏》雜誌主編方曉，分別

圖 2 羅伯健、石肖岩、蔡中寅分別講話和致辭 26

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圖 4 高峰對話現場主持人葉濤，左起 : 歐睿哲、趙振陽、王剛、周壽遠

圖 3 周邁可在高峰論壇上發言

圖 5 第十七屆中國銅元研討會與會者合影

圖 6 第十七屆中國銅元研討會紀念章左圖 : 金銀套章、右圖 : 銀銅套章

圖 7 何華忠致辭

圖 8 張通博作專題演講

圖 9 西夏錢幣研討會現場 J

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圍繞“如何推進中國錢幣收藏事業健康發展”為主題，共同

研討會由銅元專家周沁園主持。何華忠發表了熱情洋溢的致

探討錢幣收藏發展趨勢，從各自企業的職責和在錢幣界的角

辭 ( 圖 7 )，他說，這屆銅元會堪稱歷屆最坎坷也最特別的

色出發，就如何把中國錢幣收藏推向新階段發表意見，同時

一屆，原定 2020 年舉辦，因新冠肺炎疫情突然爆發延期至

就完善錢幣評級的規範化建言獻策。周邁可多年來致力於把

今年 8 月，而又因 8 月疫情出現反復只好推至 9 月。甘肅

中國錢幣文化推向世界，他發言說 ( 圖 3)，冠軍拍賣 1996

銅元歷史也比較特殊。民國時期甘肅銅元的製造，在不具備

年創辦，主拍中國近現代機製幣，已在港、澳成功舉辦 35

機器造幣條件的情況下先用翻砂技術，在不具備造幣授權的

場拍賣會；《東亞泉志》1994 年創辦，2016 年起改為中英

情況下先仿他省圖案製造銅幣。後來有了天水的隴南機器

雙語電子季刊，並向中國內地讀者增發中文簡體版。我們多

局、蘭州的甘肅造幣廠和中央造幣廠蘭州分廠，形成了特色

年來對錢幣研究和資訊交流比較感興趣，在推進中國錢幣收

砂版、機製仿外省銅幣、自造夲省銅幣、承接中央造幣廠任

藏健康發展方面主要做了幾件值得圈點的事，第一是 2007

務等多元的銅幣體系，品種版別豐富多彩，在中國銅元史上

年 -2008 年在京滬港臺舉辦錢幣研討會，與 PCCS 合作，

獨樹一幟。甘肅以出好包漿銅元聞名全國。泉友都喜歡甘肅

將西方第三方錢幣評級引入中國。其次是注重中國錢幣特別

坑口的銅元，浮土下面淡淡的包漿是銅元之美，令人百看不

是機製幣研究，2009 年出版了《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》

厭。他最後說，做為東道主，希望大家在秋高氣爽之際盡情

第一版；2011 年出版了第二版（銀幣版）；今年 11 月將出

享受蘭州的美食⸺ 牛肉麵、手抓羊肉和名勝景色⸺ 看看

版第三版，書中的中國頂級機製幣會令藏家激動不已。同時

全國唯一穿省會市區而過的黃河水，走走鐵橋，爬爬白塔

把國外的中國錢幣收藏大家包克、張南琛以專著形式介紹給

山。在展銷會上買到心儀的錢幣，賣出好價錢，相互切磋

中國錢幣界。第三是捐獻贊助。10 年來，累計捐獻 1 000

交流，收穫知識和朋友。接着，銅元界領軍人物、北京公博

萬元人民幣和價值上億元的物資，對中國銅元研討會一直在

總經理段洪剛發表了感言和希望。協辦方冠軍拍賣總裁周邁

贊助。經我們從中努力，今年還將把包克生前的“紅色收藏”

可表示，將一如既往地對銅元研討會給予支持，關注銅元新

紙幣捐贈澳門科技大學，把包克收藏的清民珍稀中國郵品的

品及版別的發現，在《東亞泉志》及時披露最新研究成果。

拍賣所得捐給澳門錢幣學會和澳門小學。

機製幣收藏家上海的沈雪明向與會者分享河南“ 汴 ” 字系列銅元樣幣初探。從事互聯網工作，年僅 34 歲的甘肅籍張

高峰論壇上，由中國收藏家協會錢幣委員會副會長葉濤策劃

通博，2012 年涉足甘肅銅元，研究不掇，終有成就。他以《民

並主持的高峰對話緊張、精彩、重點突出，別開生面。歐睿

國時期甘肅蘭州造銅幣考》為題，按北洋軍閥時期、西北軍

哲、趙振陽、王剛和首席收藏創始人周壽遠分別介紹了各自

時期甘肅造幣廠、中央造幣廠蘭州分廠時期，對甘肅蘭州造

的公司現狀，並對現場聽眾提出的普遍關注的評級速度慢、

砂版和機製銅幣作了精彩演講 ( 圖 8 )，受到與會者的好評。

機製幣評分標準不統一等提問作瞭解答 ( 圖 4)。

會議最後表決通過 : 第十八屆中國銅元研討會 2022 年在山西太原舉辦。

(二) 2021 蘭州錢幣展銷會藏品主要是古幣和近代機製幣，因到第十七屆中國銅元研討會暨 2021 蘭州錢幣展銷會 9 月 24

會人多酒店客房爆滿。24 日報到當日房間和過道已擺滿了

日一 26 日在蘭州隴鑫大酒店召開，參加“兩會”的錢幣愛

銷售的錢幣；26 日交流大廳十分熱鬧，現場古幣價格平中

好者 300 餘人，其中銅元會 40 餘人（圖 5 ）。

有降，銀元行情趨於平穩。北京公博銅元精品展佈置在展廳入口右側，雖只有近 50 枚展品，但檔次較高、品相好。冠

本屆中國銅元研討會集研討、展銷、拍賣於一體，圓滿成功。

軍拍賣展出的 2021 紐埃群島永恆之愛與永生玫瑰紀念 5 元

以何華忠為代表的承辦方團隊會前做了充分準備，亮點之一

銀幣、張南琛錢幣收藏紀念章、《東亞泉志》雜誌吸引了不

是製作的“第十七屆中國銅元研討會紀念章”漂亮、精美，

少泉友駐足參觀和瀏覽。周邁可、袁水清還應邀出席了 25

正面主圖為中華民國十七年 ( 甘肅 ) 孫中山像伍枚銅元的正

日下午的西夏錢幣研討會，並圍繞田戰軍編著的《西夏錢幣

面，背面主圖為蘭州標誌性建築黃河鐵橋 ( 中山橋 )、黃河

集》作了發言（圖 9）。

水、白塔山，突出了地方貨幣文化和地域文化特色，別具一格。其中金、銀套章 17 套，每套售價 9 000 元；銀、銅套章 300 套，每套售價 400 元。章邊鐫有編號，均經華夏評級入盒。 ( 圖 6)

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Champion Auction CEO Michael Chou Visits Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. ◎ Yuan Shuiqing〔Xi'an〕

"The vitality of an enterprise lies in product innovation

To m a ke t he g ue st s u nder st a nd t he h i stor y of

and quality improvement. Only by responding to

CDCCGOLD comprehensively, Chair man Yang

market changes, constantly improving and surpassing,

Xianjun arranged a symposium. We watched the

can we obtain maximum profit. Great Wall Precious

advertising f ilm of CDCCGOLD and exchanged

Metals Co., Ltd ( 中鈔長城貴金屬有限公司 , hereinafter

v iews. Yang X ianjun (image 7), who is good at

referred to as CDCCGOLD) is a good example." This

management and prof icient in business, introduced

was the feeling of Michael Chou, a patriotic Chinese,

that CDCCGOLD was founded in 1961, and it was

CEO of Champion Auction and editor-in-chief of the

rooted in Wenjiang, Chengdu in 1993 and developed

Journal of East Asian Numismatics (《東亞泉志》), after

rapidly after three relocations. Now it has formed five

visiting CDCCGOLD on July 5th, 2021.

industrial sectors based on gold and silver ref ining, with an annual output value of more than 3 billion

Dur ing the tr ip, M ichael Chou v isited the d ie-

RMB. The f irst sector is gold and silver ref ining.

making workshop, production workshop, and product

CDCCGOLD is the on ly inter nat iona l member

exhibition hall of CDCCGOLD. Yang Xianjun ( 楊先

representing China among the 58 gold-producing

軍 ), the chairman of CDCCGOLD, and Li Ting

countries of the London Precious Metals Market

( 李挺 ), the deputy director of Product Development

Association, the production enterprise designated

Department, introduced the new products and the

by the People's Bank of China, and a comprehensive

development a nd ut i l i z at ion of tech nolog ies i n

member and qualif ied ref iner of the Shanghai Gold

detail (image 1). The spacious workshop, advanced

Exchange. The second sector is gold and silver blank

equipment, and exquisite techniques made a deep

production. With an annual production capacit y

impression on visitors. In recent years, based on the

of over 20 million pieces, it is the main supplier of

advantages of traditional products such as the 400oz

gold and silver blanks in China. The third is the

international standard gold ingots (image 2), the

development and sales of precious metal cultural

CDCCGOLD has developed new products, such as

products. The company has formed a whole chain

China Construction Bank's New Year Lucky Gold

of research, design, production, and sales, and now

Foils (image 3), the branded gold bars of the five state-

has annual sales of 2 billion yuan, which is the main

owned commercial banks (image 4), silver prints

source of prof it of the whole company. Now, it is

(image 5) and bonding wires (image 6). These products

in the leading position in China. Fourth is custom

show the strong technical strength of CDCCGOLD

processing. The production of gold bars and other

and its ability to respond to market changes.

precious metal products of major commercial banks,

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Image 1 Yang Xianjun (second from the left) and Li Ting (�irst from the right) introduce and show the production of commemorative silver medal dies, some of which use laser marks and laser blasting techniques

Image 2 400oz (12.5KG) international standard gold ingot

The 400oz (12.5KG) international standard gold ingot is a special product for the national reserve and is certified by the London Precious Metals Market Association. The gold ingot adopts an open-mold casting process to retain the solidified curved surface of gold, which is natural and beautiful. Its surface is marked with the trademark, fineness, and series number to achieve effective traceability of the gold ingot. The gold ingot is of excellent quality, and it is accurate in color and weight, fully recognized by domestic and foreign counterparts and the market.

Image 3 Year of the Ox New Year Lucky Gold Foil advertised at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala

The fashionable Year of Ox New Year Lucky Gold Foil uses 40-50 micron ultra-thin gold pressed by a double-sided oil pressing technique, as one product of the New Year Lucky Gold Foil series. You can even smell the fragrance of milk by rubbing your fingers on the playful gold foil. Laser color printing and magnetic ink processing make the gold foil present colorful and glittering visual effects. On the reverse of the New Year gold bar, the Chinese characters which translate “Grow with you” and “Thrive” are presented in different variations to bring more surprises and blessings; the hidden mark added by laser technique enhances the anti-counterfeiting ability of the product.

Image 4 Branded gold bars of five major state-owned commercial banks

China Construction Bank’s “CCB Gold” (“建行金”), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China’s “Lotus Gold” (“如意金”), Bank of China’s “Auspicious Gold” (“吉祥金”), Agricultural Bank of China’s “Heirloom Treasures” (“傳世之寶”), Bank of Communications’ “Wode Gold” (“沃德金”) rely on CDCCGOLD manufacturing techniques. CDCCGOLD is equipped with various gold bar production processes such as casting, imitation casting and embossing, and it can combine different production processes and use different anti-counterfeiting technologies according to the needs, including microscopic text, laser prism, laser dark mark, and multiple latent shadows. All these increase the anti-counterfeiting characteristics and ornamental value of gold bars.

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Image 5 Silver Print -hui ze tian fu (惠澤天府) The Dujiangyan Hydraulic Project

Image 6 Bonding Wires

Silver print, relying on the dot and line painting technique and line mold production, present the unique art of dots and lines printing on silver foil through a large format pressing process. The silver print of hui ze tian fu (惠澤天府) reflects the scene of the Dujiangyan Hydraulic Project.

As the electrical connection lead between the chip and the external circuit, the bonding wire is an indispensable basic raw material in the packaging process of semiconductor integrated circuits, discrete devices, and LEDs. CDCCGOLD has established a perfect production and R&D system and high-standard production line, with a wide range of products, stable and reliable quality, and partial import substitution.

Image 7 Yang Xianjun introducing CDCCGOLD

Image 8 Michael Chou delivering a speech

and the custom processing of corporate and personal

with the eastern and western numismatic community

medallions are competitive in China. The last sector

for years, he is particularly familiar with the new

is industrial materials. There are mainly two types

t ech nolog ie s a nd produc t s of forei g n m i nt i n g

of products. One is bonding alloy silver wire which

enterprises. He said that the products should have

is used in electronic welding and packaging. The

new ideas and breakthroughs in design. For example,

company can produce 5000 meters of gold wire per

the British Royal Mint adapted to market changes

roll of non-contact 14-16 microns. The other is the

and launched the commemorative coin for the rock

silver powder with a product particle size of 1-2

ba nd Queen i n ea rly 2 02 0, m a k i ng Queen t he

microns, mainly used in the photovoltaic industry.

first band to appear on an official British coin. The

Yang Xianjun said that the fundamental driving power

coin was sought-after and sold well in the market.

for the development of CDCCGOLD in recent years is

CDCCGOLD can give full play to its strengths and

to adapt to market changes and make close integration

combine creative design with engraving technology

and timely transformation with the market.

and production techniques to further enhance its market competitiveness in continuous innovation.

As Michael Chou (image 8) has been communicating

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冠軍拍賣總裁周邁可參觀長城公司紀實 ◎ 袁水清〔西安〕

“企業的生命力在於產品創新和品質提升，只有順應市場

倫敦貴金屬市場協會58個產金國中唯一代表中國的國際會

變化，不斷改進，不斷超越，才能獲得最大利潤。中鈔長

員，是中國人民銀行指定的生產企業，也是上海黃金交易

是愛國華人、冠軍拍賣總裁兼《東亞泉志》總編周邁可

2 000萬枚以上，是國內金銀幣坯餅主要供應商。三是貴金

城貴金屬有限公司（簡稱長城公司）就是很好的例子。”這

所綜合類會員、合格精煉廠。二是金銀坯餅。年產能達到

2021年7月5日參觀長城公司後的感受。

屬文化產品開發銷售。形成研究、設計、生產、銷售一條

此行，周邁可參觀了長城公司的製模車間、生產車間以及

處於領先水準。四是定製加工。各大商業銀行的金條和其

龍，現年銷售額 20 億元，是企業利潤的主要來源，在國內他貴金屬產品生產，企業和個人紀念章的定制加工，在國

產品展廳。長城公司董事長楊先軍、產品開發部副部長李

內競爭力較強。五是工業材料。主要有兩類產品：鍵合金

挺向周邁可一行詳細介紹了新產品、新技術的開發利用簡況

（圖1）。寬敞的車間、先進的設備、精湛的技術，令觀者流

銀絲，用於電子焊接和封裝，可產每卷不斷線14-16 微米金

連忘返。近年長城公司在保持400 盎司國際標準金錠（圖2）

絲 5000米；銀粉，產品粒徑1-2微米，主要用於光伏產業。

國建設銀行善建成長系列壓歲金（圖3）、五大國有商業銀

應市場變化，與市場緊密結合，及時轉型。

等傳統產品優勢的基礎上，開發的新產品層出不窮，如中

楊先軍董事長說，近幾年長城公司發展的根本原因在於適

行品牌金條（圖4）、銀版畫（圖5）、鍵合絲（圖6）等，彰顯了長城公司雄厚的技術實力和順應市場變化的能力。

周邁可總裁常年奔波於東西方錢幣界，對國外造幣企業新

為使客人全面瞭解長城公司的發展歷程，楊先軍董事長精

的創意，要有突破。例如英國皇家造幣廠適應市場變化，

了交流。善於管理、精通業務的楊先軍董事長介紹說（圖

支在英國官方錢幣上出現的樂隊，市場上十分搶手，賣得

溫江，發展迅速。現已形成以金銀提煉為基礎的五大產業

作工藝有機結合，在持續創新中進一步增強市場競爭力。

技術、新產品特別熟悉，他說（圖8），產品在設計上要有新

2020年初推出的皇后樂隊紀念幣，使皇后樂隊成為了第一

心安排了座談會。大家一起觀看了長城公司宣傳片，進行

7），長城公司1961年創立，經三次搬遷，1993年紮根成都

很好。長城公司可以發揮所長，將創意設計與雕刻技術、製

板塊，年產值30多億人民幣。一是金銀精煉。長城公司是

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圖1 楊先軍（左2）、李挺（右1）向客人介紹、展示紀念銀章模具製作，有的模具採用鐳射暗記、鐳射幻彩技術

DEPARTMENTS

圖2 400盎司（ 12.5KG）國際標準金錠

400盎司(12.5KG)國際標準金錠是國家儲備專用產品，通過倫敦貴金屬市場協會認證。金錠採用敞模澆鑄工藝，保留黃金凝固弧面，自然美觀；其表面標注公司商標、成色、條號，實現金錠有效追溯；金錠品相優良，成色重量準確，得到國內外同行及市場充分認可。

圖3 善建成長·CCTV春晚牛年壓歲金採用40-50微米厚度的超薄黃金雙面油壓一次成型，作為系列賀歲金箔產品之一，設計時尚。手指搓一搓，還可以聞到牛奶香味，滿滿的童心味道。鐳射彩印和磁性油墨工藝，呈現五彩斑斕、熠熠生輝的視覺效果。壓歲金背面，“陪你成長”和“茁壯成長”字樣變樣呈現，帶來更多驚喜祝福；中國牛滿版鐳射暗記，增強了產品防偽能力。

圖4 五大國有商業銀行品牌金條中國建設銀行“建行金”，中國工商銀行“如意金”，中國銀行“吉祥金”，中國農業銀行“傳世之寶”，交通銀行“沃德金” 長城公司具備澆鑄、仿澆鑄、壓印等多種金條製作工藝，並能結合不同的生產工藝，根據需求使用不同的防偽技術，包括微縮文字、鐳射幻彩、鐳射暗記、多重潛影等，增加金條的防偽特性和觀賞性。

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圖5 銀版畫⸺ 《惠澤天府》都江堰水利工程

圖6 鍵合絲

銀版畫，依託精細點、線模具製作，通過大幅面模壓加工將印製行業點和線的獨特藝術呈現在銀箔上。《惠澤天府》銀版畫取景都江堰水利工程。

鍵合絲作為晶片與外部電路之間的電連接引線，是半導體積體電路、分立器件、LED等封裝制程中不可或缺的基礎原材料。長城公司已建立完善的生產研發體系和高標準生產線，產品種類豐富，品質穩定可靠，部分實現進口替代。

圖7 楊先軍介紹

圖8 周邁可發言（左）

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DEPARTMENTS

New iAsure Book Highlights South Korean Coins Champion〔Shanghai〕

The market for collector coins in 2021 has been

situation for those contemporary coins that do not have

booming in several countries, and South Korea is

an easily accessible base of literature, which, if it exists

no exception. Since the beginning of the year, the

at all, is often written in a foreign language unfamiliar

country's main numismatic business, Hwadong, has

to the collector.

posted its highest ever completed auction valuations for many Korean contemporary (1959 – date) coins,

For South Korean coins, this situation is about to

especially for those pieces collectors consider to be the

change.

rarer key date coins and coin sets. Among these, was a 1959 10-Hwan coin (KM#1) graded at Mint State-66

iAsure Publishing Group announces the upcoming

by NGC that a Hwadong auction sold for 805,000

release of an exciting new book that shines a spotlight

KRW ($723 USD) in April. That same month, the

on these Korean coins that are currently surging in

company also saw a 1966 10-won coin (KM#6) in

market popularity. The book is South Korean Coins in

NGC MS-64 go for a rather steep 1,505,000 KRW

the Era of Development by author Mark Lovmo. This

($930 USD), while two months later, one of the

451-page book will debut sometime in 2022. You can

vaunted 1998 Bank of Korea mint sets, with its rare

indicate your interest and reserve a chance to purchase

500-Won coin, sold for an astounding 5,010,000 KRW

a copy by sending an email, that includes your full

($4,390 USD). This new auction record for the 1998

name and the words, Korean Coin book in the subject

Bank of Korea mint set is more than 3,700,000 KRW

line, to championghka@gmail.com .

more than the highest hammer prices this same set attracted just six years ago. These expanding market

Widely illustrated with amazing illustrations and

prices have also started aﬀecting market prices outside

highly informative captions, this book by Korean

of Korea as well. In fact, the highest price ever seen for

coin specialist Mark Lovmo stands alone as the most

the key date 1970 100-Won was an example in PCGS

comprehensive and thoroughly researched examination

MS-65 that recently sold on eBay for an unbelievable

of South Korean coins and coin production during

$2,861 USD! This coin in this grade has never sold

the vital period of national growth that gave birth to

for anything higher than $800 USD anywhere. There

these now-highly popular coins. Promising to be the

promises to be further record-breaking prices in the

definitive work on South Korean coins, Lovmo's book

coming year for these coins.

offers readers the fact-filled and entertaining stories behind each business strike and commemorative coin

Although the popularity for such modern-era issues as

issue of South Korea, spanning the era of the 1950s

South Korean coins is at an all-time high, enthusiasts

to the 1980s and beyond. His exploration details the

who pursue them are often faced with the frustrating

rapid development of South Korea's domestic coining

inability to gain knowledge of such modern series

industry in the context of the simultaneous rise in the

of coins beyond the most basic information available

nation's overall economy, while also recounting the

in a world-coin price catalog. This is especially the

Korean Min's growing capabilities with each pivotal

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coin issue.

every South Korean commemorative coin issue released since the 1988 Seoul Olympics to the present date.

South Korean Coins in the Era of Development relates for the first time in the English language the

T h i s book revea l s a con sider able a mou nt of

almost entirely unknown stories of that country's most

information about South Korean numismatics that has

sought-after collector coins and coin sets in today's

never been available to enthusiasts of these coins. The

numismatic market. The book focuses on each coins'

book is sure to elevate interest in these coins among

origins, historic and economic significance, detailed

fans of Korean coins, as well as those interested in East

specifications, time in circulation or their popularity as

Asian and international numismatics in general.

collectibles, as well as their market values. Additional sections of the book include an introduction to the

South Korean Coins in the Era of Development is

artists of the Korean Mint, an interview with one of

published in full color, with related historical images

its renowned former engraving artists, an overview of

and an extensive list of references to the often rare and

the increasingly popular Bank of Korea mint sets, along

largely unknown oﬃcial and primary Korean-language

with a section at the end of the book that briefly details

sources that inform this book.

Michael Chou, Mark Lovmo, J.C. Lee, Daiseocin Soeoul of Hwadong Company, Korea in 2019

Hwadong once helped to build Paramount and Pinnacle Collection for the Samsung Museum with Michael Cummings.

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《東亞泉志》將合作推出韓國錢幣相關書籍冠軍研究室〔上海〕錢幣收藏市場在 2021年空前繁榮，包括韓國在內的多個國

豐富，可能會稱為韓國錢幣領域最權威的著作。書中有很

表示，自今年年初以來，很多韓國當代錢幣（自1959 年

這些故事都是基於事實而撰寫，時間跨越了20世紀50 年代

家均是如此。該國錢幣行業的巨頭華東公司（Hwadong ）

多關於韓國行業罷工和韓國紀念幣發行相關的有趣故事，到 80 年代及之後。作者詳述了韓國國內造幣業是如何在國

起）的拍賣價格為歷史最高價，那些年份稀有的錢幣和套

家整體經濟崛起的背景下快速發展的，同時也講述了韓國

幣尤是如此。在所有韓國錢幣中，一枚經評 NGC MS66

的1959 年10元（KM#1）硬幣在華東公司4月的一場拍賣上

造幣廠是如何在每一次重要錢幣發行過程中發展壯大的。

以805 000 韓元（723美元）的價格成交；同月，一枚經評

NGC MS64的1966年10元（KM#6）硬幣在華東公司的

《發展時代的韓國錢幣》一書採用英文編著，書中的故事

一枚廣受藏家喜愛的1998年韓國銀行套幣以5 010 000 韓

後的故事幾乎從未披露過。本書聚焦於各種韓國錢幣的起

拍賣上以1 505 000 韓元（930美元）的價格成交；2個月後，

大都關於韓國現下最熱門的錢幣收藏品類和套幣，但其背

元（4 390美元）的價格成交，價格之高出乎很多藏家意料，

源、歷史、經濟意義、規格、發行時間、作為收藏品的受

該套錢幣中還有一枚非常罕見的500元硬幣。1998年韓國

歡迎程度，以及市場價值。書中還介紹了韓國造幣廠的藝

銀行套幣此前的拍賣價格紀錄是在6年前創下的，此次的拍

術家們，並涵蓋了一篇對原韓國造幣廠的知名雕刻藝術家

賣價格較之高出了3 700 000 韓元。韓國幣在韓國市場上的

的採訪。此外，本書還介紹了韓國銀行熱門套幣，書末附有自1988年首爾奧運會至今發行的紀念幣清單。

價格不斷攀升，這也影響了其海外市場價格。而一枚經評

PCGS MS65的1970年100 韓元硬幣在 eBay 上以 2 861美元的價格成交，同等級的1970 年100 韓元硬幣此前從未超

這本書囊括了大量錢幣收藏愛好者所不了解的關於韓國錢

破紀錄。

錢幣界對韓國錢幣更感興趣。

過800美元。也許我們之後將看到更多韓國錢幣的價格打

幣的資訊，必會讓韓國錢幣收藏愛好者，乃至東亞及國際

儘管韓國現代幣的受歡迎程度空前高漲，但是除了世界錢

《發展時代的韓國錢幣》全書彩色印刷，內含歷史圖片，

往往無法對這些錢幣有更多的瞭解。那些無法簡單通過著

語資料。

幣價格目錄中最基本的資訊之外，想要收藏這些錢幣的人

參考文獻廣泛，多來自珍稀且未廣泛知曉的官方和一手韓

作瞭解的當代幣更是如此，即使有一些介紹的書籍存在，它們通常也是用藏家們不太熟悉的外語撰寫的。對於韓國幣而言，這種情況即將改變。《東亞泉志》即將出版一本關於韓國錢幣的書籍⸺ 《發

展時代的韓國錢幣》。該書由馬克 · 洛沃莫編撰（Mark

Lovomo），聚焦於當前不斷增長的韓國錢幣市場。全書共 451頁，將於2022年發行，如欲訂購，可發送郵件至

championhka@gmail.com 。

左起：《東亞泉志》發行人周邁可、《發展時代的韓國錢幣》作者馬克·洛沃莫、華東公司總裁J.C. Lee、Daiseoc

該書由韓國錢幣專家馬克 · 洛沃莫撰寫。韓國經歷了全國性

的經濟增長，這一關鍵時期也孕育除了很多現在廣受歡迎

2019年拍攝於韓國首爾

的錢幣，馬克堪稱是對這些錢幣最為瞭解且對進行了最全

面研究的學者。本書配圖多樣，介紹清晰，說明文字資訊

華東公司曾和麥克·卡明（ Michael Cummings ）一同合作幫助三星博物館建立了Paramount和Pinnacle藏集

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Champion Auction Releases the Top 12 Coins of the Third Edition of Top Chinese Coins ◎ Champion〔Shanghai〕

The third edition of Top Chinese Coins On Sunday, October 24, Champion Auction revealed the the top 12 coins of the survey for the third edition of Top

Chinese Coins (《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》) and released the results of the survey in a live stream on online platforms Kuaishou, Tiktok, and Wanwu. Guests were invited to discuss the latest trends of Chinese vintage coin collecting with the host. Many rarities were shown at the live stream booth, including a 1903 Fengtien Tael Silver Pattern, 1927 Chang Tso-lin 50 Dollar Gold Pattern, 1904 Hupeh Tael Copper and Brass Patterns, and drawings of the 1911 Empire Dollar Silver Pattern from the Arthur Coole Collection.

Drawings of 1911 Empire Dollar Silver Pattern from the Arthur Coole Collection 38

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Host Mateo Zhao Thanks to the support of NGC, the third edition of Top Chinese Coins will be published soon. Mateo Zhao ( 趙振陽 ), the NGC Asian Market Expansion Director, was invited to host the live stream event. He also attended the discussion and answered questions raised by the audience.

Guest Michael Chou Michael Chou, the President of Champion Auction and publisher of the Journal of East Asian

Numismatics , is also the editor-in-chief of the third edition of Top Chinese Coins . Michael illustrated the significance of the Hupeh taels displayed in the live stream in the development of Chinese vintage coins.

Hupeh Dollar, the large character in brass/small character in copper/large character in copper, NC Collection, NGC MS64/AU50/ MS62 Above three coins in a set were auctioned at the 2021 Champion Macau Auction, realizing USD 912,000

Zhou Qinyuan

( ) Zhou Qinyuan ( 周沁園 ), the author of the Catalog of Chinese Copper Coins《中國機製銅元目錄》 and the Catalog of Chinese Silver Coins (《中國機製銀圓目錄 - 含金幣、鎳鋁輔幣》), also helped to compile the third edition of Top Chinese Coins . He had spent great eﬀorts in studying some of the top 12 coins in the third edition, so he was invited to share his research results.

Special Guest David Chau Special guest David Chau ( 周大為 ) is a senior numismatic and art collector, known for his good taste and large modern art collection. His coin collection is also famous in the numismatic community. The 1903 Fengtien Silver Dollar shown at the live stream is from the collection of David Chau. Hence, he was invited to introduce how he got the coin in the live stream.

1903 Fengtien Silver Dollar Known as “ Top Chinese Vintage Coin” , ranked �irst and second in the �irst two editions of Top Chinese Coins respectively J

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The 1927 Chang Tsao-lin 50 Dollar Gold Pattern is also from David Chau's collection, and he introduced the coin in detail. Its obverse features Chang Tsao-lin ( 張作霖 ), one of the leaders of Peiyang troops, in military uniform, and its reverse has a phoenix and dragon pattern with Chinese inscription indicating the date“16th year of the Republic of China”and the denomination “50 yuan”. The coin was auctioned for USD 575,000 in Hong Kong in 2008.

Shen Xueming

1927 Chang Tsao-lin 50 Dollar Gold Pattern, NGC MS64

Shen Xueming ( 沈雪明 ), a senior collector of Chinese vintage coins, once won ﬁrst place in the first PCGS grading competition, and he co-authored the Catalog of Chinese Silver Coins with Zhou Qinyuan. Shen explained the hot areas in the Chinese numismatic community such as the new development of the third-party grading companies. He also analyzed the results of the auction held by Hosane from October 21st to October 23rd and shared his opinions on the market trends.

Shen Xueming, Mateo Zhao, Michael Chou, David Chau, Zhou Qinyuan

Michael Chou, David Chau, Zhou Qinyuan, Shen Xueming 40

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冠軍拍賣直播公佈入編《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版前 12 名票選結果 ◎ 冠軍研究室〔上海〕

《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版封面

冠軍拍賣於2021年10月24日（周日）在快手、抖音、玩物得志3個網路平臺進行直播，正式公佈了入編《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版的前12名機製幣，並介紹了具體的投票情況。參加直播的嘉賓與主持人還共同探討了當下中國機製幣的收藏趨勢。更有1903年奉天癸卯光緒元寶壹兩銀幣、1927年張作霖像伍拾圓金質樣幣、邱文明舊藏1911年大清銀幣壹圓手稿、1904年湖北壹兩黃銅及紫銅樣幣等珍貴藏品亮相直播間。

邱文明舊藏1911年大清銀幣壹圓手稿

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主持人趙振陽《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版在 NGC 的大力支持下即將正式與大家見面。趙振陽先生作為 NGC 亞洲市場拓展總監，受邀主持此次《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版入選幣結果公佈的直播活動。趙振陽先生也在直播中參與討論，共同為觀眾答疑解惑。

嘉賓周邁可冠軍拍賣總裁、《東亞泉志》出版人兼總編輯人周邁可先生也是《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版的編委會主任。鑒於湖北壹兩黃銅與紫銅樣幣在此次直播中進行了展示，周邁可先生對這一樣幣在中國機製幣發展進程中的重要性進行了講解。

周沁園

“ 湖北壹兩 ” 黃銅大字版/紅銅小字版/紅銅大字版，張南琛舊藏，NGC MS64/AU50/ MS62 以上一套3枚在冠軍2021年5月澳門拍賣會上以912 000美元成交

《中國機製銅元目錄》及《中國機製銀圓目錄 - 含金幣、鎳鋁輔幣》作者之一周沁園先生也為《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版的編輯工作提供了諸多幫助。周先生對《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版前12名中的不少錢幣都有所研究。因此，我們特邀周沁園先生在直播中分享他的研究所得。

特別嘉賓周大為此次直播的特別嘉賓周大為先生是資深錢幣和藝術品收藏家，以其對當代藝術品收藏的獨到眼光和藏品之豐厚而為人們所熟知。其錢幣收藏也同樣為人稱道。此次亮相直播間的珍品⸺ 1903年奉天省造癸卯光緒元寶庫平一兩銀幣正是在周大為的收藏之列。因此，我們特別邀請周大為先生參加此次直播，介紹獲得這枚錢幣的經過。

1903年奉天省造癸卯光緒元寶庫平一兩銀幣 1903年奉天省造癸卯光緒元寶庫平一兩銀幣堪稱 “ 中國機製幣王” ，曾在《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第一版和第二版中分別位列第一名和第二名。 42

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在此次直播中展示的1927年張作霖像伍拾圓金質樣幣也是周大為先生的收藏，他在直播中對其進行了介紹。該幣正面為北洋軍奉系首領張作霖的軍裝像，背面為鳳龍圖案，並題刻紀年“中華民國十六年”和面額“伍拾圓”。此次展示的這枚於2008在香港以575 000美元拍出。

沈雪明

1927年張作霖像伍拾圓金質樣幣（正面）， NGC MS64

沈雪明先生是中國機製幣領域的資深藏家，曾在亞洲第一屆 PCGS 評級大賽中奪魁，並與周沁園先生合著了《中國機製銀圓目錄 - 含金幣、鎳鋁輔幣》。沈先生在直播中介紹了錢幣界的最新熱點，如第三方評級機構的最新動向。另外泓盛拍賣也在10月 21-23日舉辦了拍賣會，沈先生對此次拍賣的成交結果作了具體分析，並對市場趨勢提出自己的見解。

沈雪明、趙振陽、周邁可、周大為、周沁園

周邁可、周大為、周沁園、沈雪明

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Originally published at ngc.com

THE WORLD'S MOST VALUABLE COIN ◎ Jeff Garrett〔USA〕

The 1933 Double Eagle that realized $18,900,000 last

identity of the winning bidder has yet to be revealed.

week in a Sotheby's sale was stunning news for the numismatic community. The ﬁnal hammer price shattered

Prior to the sale, numismatic pundits speculated how much

the previous record price for a coin by nearly double.

the coin would realize when put to the hammer. More than a few, including myself, wondered about the impact of

The new price summit for a rare coin finally approaches

the US Mint's 11 coins lurking in the background. These

that of ﬁne art. It should be remembered that in the same

are also in addition to two examples that reside in the

room in which the 1933 Double Eagle sold, paintings have

magniﬁcent collection of the Smithsonian. Apparently, the

been bought for over $300 million. Sotheby's orchestrated

bidders for the Farouk example of the 1933 Double Eagle

a masterful promotion of the coin and most likely drew

are solidly convinced these will never enter the market.

the interest of several non-collectors for the bidding. The

1933 Double Eagle. Photo credit: Tom Mulvaney

Many will ask, "Why would someone pay almost $19

A great deal has been written about the 1933 Double

million for a coin?" The most obvious answer is: because

Eagle in recent months and at least two books from years

they can! There is a seemingly new era of staggering

ago are based on the coin's incredible saga. The Sotheby's

wealth in the United States and the world. The number of

catalog for the coin makes for great reading and should

new billionaires that have been created in recent years

be of interest to anyone involved in numismatics. There

has led to unprecedented demand for world trophies, art,

is no reason to expound on the voluminous amount of

yachts, real estate and other prestigious signs of wealth.

information that has been disseminated in recent months.

Also, the coin's previous "forbidden fruit" status gives it

The one question that may be up for debate;

incredible desirability.

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Is this the world’s most valuable coin? The free market (as demonstrated by the Sotheby's

could eclipse the stellar results from the most recent sale

auction) makes a great case, but there are a few coins that

of the 1933 Double Eagle.

1849 Double Eagle The first candidate for the world's most valuable coin is

of the yellow metal made its way to the East Coast. On

the 1849 Double Eagle. Although technically a pattern or

March 3, 1849, the federal legislation to create gold dollars

experimental coin, the 1849 Double Eagle is, nevertheless,

and Double Eagles was enacted. The production of Double

one of the great rarities of US coinage. Following the

Eagles would convert the bullion into coins with the least

discovery of gold in California in 1848, a tremendous ﬂow

eﬀort.

1849 Double Eagle. Photo credit: Tom Mulvaney Chief Engraver James B. Longacre engraved the dies for

the ﬁrst year of issue to be problematic. Several interesting

the new coinage and supervised an attempt to strike the

coins have been redesigned because the relief was too

new denomination. In a letter dated December 24, 1849,

high. Although aesthetically attractive, actual production

from Chief Coiner Franklin Peale to Mint Director Robert M.

of high relief coins was very difficult. The 1907 Saint-

Patterson, Peale wrote: "It is with extreme regret and after

Gaudens High Relief Double Eagle is probably the most

the most earnest endeavors to overcome the diﬃculty that

famous example. Others include the 1921 Peace Dollar

I am compelled to inform you that the impression upon the

and the 1849 Gold Dollar.

new die, for the Double Eagle, cannot be brought up by the usual coining processes."

All but two 1849 Double Eagles were melted. One was sent to Secretary of the Treasury W.M. Meredith and

The relief of the portrait was too high, and the coins could

another to the Mint Cabinet in Philadelphia. The Meredith

not be struck properly for mass production. These delays

coin may have gone to the collection of Steven Nagy in

in production resulted in just a handful of coins being

Philadelphia, but it is unknown to numismatists today.

struck late in 1849. The Mint Cabinet example has been transferred to the It has not been uncommon in the history of US coinage for

Smithsonian Institution and is one of the most popular

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1907 Saint-Gaudens High Relief Double Eagle, 1921 High Relief Peace Dollar and 1849 Gold Dollar attractions of the National Numismatic Collection

— on

denomination. It is reported that in 1909, J.P. Morgan

display in the rare coin exhibit, The Value of Money, at

oﬀered $35,000 for the coin — a tremendous amount for

the Smithsonian's Museum of American History. There,

the era.

the coin is the centerpiece of the "Legendary Coins" case and is considered by many to be the "ruby slippers" of

It can only be speculated what an example would bring if

numismatics.

offered for sale. It is certain the eight-figure mark would be broken, and $25 million is not out of the question.

The missing Meredith coin could appear one day. Most

The discovery of the Meredith coin would be truly earth-

experts agree that the 1849 Double Eagle is as desirable

shattering news and a new price record for a coin would

as the 1933 Double Eagle, if not more so. The two make

most certainly be realized.

incredible bookends to an extremely popular series and

1907 Indian Head Double Eagle Pattern The second coin that could one day come to market and

Treasury Leslie Mortier Shaw: "I think our coinage is

claim the pinnacle of price records is the spectacular

artistically of atrocious hideousness. Would it be possible,

1907 Indian Head Double Eagle Pattern. It is one of

without asking permission of Congress, to employ a man

America's most stunning and desirable coins. President

like Saint-Gaudens to give us a coinage that would have

Theodore Roosevelt was personally involved in creating

some beauty?"

this fascinating issue. Roosevelt believed that the nation's The president was enamored with the beauty and high

coinage was unattractive and without artistic merit.

relief of ancient Greek coinage. At one time, Roosevelt Years earlier, while vice president, Roosevelt had become

wanted to change the designs of the entire US coinage.

acquainted with the famous sculptor Augustus Saint-

Because of the difficulty of adapting modern minting

Gaudens, whose works include Diana, sculpted in 1892 for

techniques to the high relief eﬀects that Roosevelt desired,

the original Madison Square Garden; the Sherman Victory

Saint-Gaudens concentrated his eﬀorts on the Eagle and

monument in New York City; Hiawatha for Saratoga, New

Double Eagle issues.

York; and many others. By means of extensive personal correspondence with the

It is not certain when Roosevelt first decided to

artist at his studio in Cornish, New Hampshire, Roosevelt

commission Saint-Gaudens to create a new coinage,

contributed greatly to the design of this and several issues

but by December 27, 1904, he wrote to Secretary of the

of the period. He wanted to include the use of an American

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Indian in full headdress. Saint-Gaudens wrote to Roosevelt

DEPARTMENTS

Pattern Collection was then traded to A-Mark Financial.

in 1907: "I like so much the head with the headdress, and by the way, I am very glad you suggested doing the head

It was then sold by private treaty to Maryland dealer

in that manner."

Julian Leidman in 1979 for $500,000. Jack Hancock and Bob Harwell purchased the coin in the 1981 American

Although Saint-Gaudens preferred the Indian design

Numismatic Association auction sale for $475,000. A few

for the Double Eagle, the Liberty theme (now known as

years later, it was sold to a major Northeastern collector

"Saint-Gaudens") was chosen for that denomination.

of Saint-Gaudens coinage and is today the cornerstone of

The Indian Head design is similar to the design adopted

that collection.

for the regularissue Eagle. In his

The coin has

last letter to the

not been shown

president, Saint-

publicly for four

Gaudens wrote:

decades. This

"The majority of

probably explains

the people that I

why the coin is

show the work to

not as well known

evidently prefer,

to the general

with you, the ﬁgure

n u m i s m a t i c

of Liberty to the [Indian head] and that I shall not

1907 Indian Head Double Eagle Pattern. Photo credit: Tom Mulvaney

consider any further on the twenty-dollar gold coin."

community. It is my personal favorite US coin, and would

be the first coin I would try to acquire if I were a crypto multi-billionaire. The 1907 Indian Double Eagle could break

At the request of the artist, however, one example was

a new price record if the coin were properly promoted and

struck for comparison. The pedigree of this extraordinary

became more well known.

coin began with Charles Barber, the chief engraver of the US Mint. Waldo Newcomer purchased the coin directly

It is interesting that the three coins discussed above are

from his estate. The coin was then sold to the prominent

all Double Eagles. Past mega coins such as the 1894-S

collector F.C.C. Boyd. Boyd's wife sold the coin for a

Dime, 1913 Liberty Nickel and 1804 Silver Dollars have

reported $1,500 to Abe Kosoﬀ and Abner Kreisberg around

been left in the dust by the above issues. As we all know,

1945.

great stories are what propel most coins to stardom. The 1933 Double Eagle, 1849 Double Eagle and 1907 Indian

The coin was then sold to King Farouk of Egypt for slightly

Double Eagle all have incredible stories and are physically

less than $10,000. After King Farouk was overthrown, his

imposing objects of desire.

collection of rare coins was auctioned in 1954. The coin sold for approximately $3,444, again to Abe Kosoff, who

The 1933 Double Eagle will probably hold its spot

placed the coin with Roy E. ("Ted") Naftzger Jr. In 1956, Dr.

as the World's Most Valuable Coin for the near term.

J.E. Wilkison obtained the coin for $10,000. It was sold in

Maybe someday it will be knocked from its pedestal by a

1973 to Paramount International Coin Corporation as part

surprising discovery or unique oﬀering.

of the Wilkison Gold Pattern Collection. The Wilkison Gold

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原刊載於 NGC

世界上價值最高的錢幣⸺ 1933年美國雙鷹金幣 ◎ 傑夫·加勒特〔美國〕 2021 年 6 月 8 日，一枚 1933 年美國雙鷹金幣在蘇富比拍

很多人會問，“為什麼會有人願意花將近 1 900 萬美元的價

賣會上以 1 890 萬美元（約合人民幣 1.2 億元）的價格成交。

格來買一枚硬幣？”最顯而易見的答案則是：因為他們可

其落槌價幾近上

以這樣做！不論

一錢幣拍賣紀錄

是在美國還是全

的一倍，價格之

世界範圍內，似

高震驚泉界。

乎都迎來了一個財富驚人的新時

這一最新的珍稀

代。近年來新誕

幣價格紀錄已經

生的億萬富翁人

接近一些高檔藝

數之多，為世界

術品的交易價

範圍內對獎項、

格。而在拍出這

藝術品、遊艇、

枚 1933 年雙鷹

房地產和其他可

金幣的房間裏，有一些畫作曾以

1933 年双鹰金币，照片来源：汤姆·马尔瓦尼（Tom Mulvaney）

以代表財富的標誌物帶來了空前

超過 3 億美元的價格成交。蘇富比拍賣公司在拍賣前不遺餘

需求。此外，錢幣作為此前的“禁果”，對這些新富豪而言

力地對這枚金幣進行了宣傳，這可能吸引了一些非收藏人士

具有無與倫比的吸引力。

的興趣。目前得標者的身份尚未可知。幾個月來，已經有很多人就 1933 年雙鷹金幣撰文。在過去一些錢幣專家在拍賣前就已經對其落槌價格做出預測。連同

幾年中，至少已經有兩本書根據這一金幣撰寫的精彩著作。

我在內的不少人都想知道，那 11 枚出自美國造幣廠的錢幣

幾乎錢幣界內的所有人都對這枚硬幣感興趣，大家對蘇富比

究竟會有多大的影響力。除了現存於美國史密森國家歷史博

拍賣目錄中關於這一硬幣的內容競相傳閱。我們無需在對近

物館的那些 1933 年雙鷹金幣外，還有兩枚現存於世，該枚

幾個月裏關於 1933 年雙鷹幣傳播的大量信息進行闡述，但

出自埃及法魯克王收藏。而且顯然，此次參與拍賣的競爭者

我們可能需要對下面的這個問題進行討論。

都堅信，那些收藏在博物館的金幣不會再流入市場。

1933年美國雙鷹金幣是不是全世界價值最高的錢幣？（正如蘇富比拍賣公司的拍賣結果所證明的那樣，）自由市

但是有幾枚錢幣掩蓋了其鋒芒。

場已經表明了 1933 年雙鷹金幣是全世界價值最高的錢幣，

1849年雙鷹金幣

第一枚候選世界最具價值錢幣的是 1849 年雙鷹金幣。儘管

在加利福尼亞發現了金礦，之後大量黃金流向美國東岸。

這枚錢幣從技術上來說只是一枚樣幣，或者說試驗鑄幣，

1849 年 3 月 3 日，聯邦實行關於鑄造金幣及雙鷹幣之法案。

但是它是美國鑄幣中最為珍稀的錢幣之一。1848 年，人們

鑄造雙鷹幣是將金條轉化為錢幣的最為省事省力的方法。

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首席雕刻師詹姆斯·朗埃克（James B. Longacre）為新幣

迪斯手中的那一枚可能被收歸費城的史蒂文·納吉（Steven

雕刻了模具，並監督了新面額硬幣的試鑄過程。在首席造

Nagy）之收藏，但現在錢幣界對其知之甚少。

幣師富蘭克林·皮爾（Franklin

造幣廠儲藏室裏

Peale）於 1849

的那一枚現已轉

年 12 月 24 日

移到史密森國

寫給造幣廠廠

家歷史博物館，

長羅伯特· 帕特

且成為了國家錢

森（Robert M.

幣藏集中最受訪

Patterson）的

客喜愛的藏品之

信中寫道，“我

一。這枚硬幣現

們進行了多次嘗

展示在聚焦於珍

試，努力克服困

稀錢幣的“金錢

難，但是因為雙鷹幣新模具上的圖案無法通過一

1849年雙鷹金幣，照片來源：湯姆·馬爾瓦尼

般的制幣工藝過程生產，對此我感到非常遺憾。”

的價值” 展覽 (The Value of Money)，是“傳

奇硬幣”主題下的重點展品，許多人都認為這枚幣是錢幣界最珍貴的錢幣。

幣面上的浮雕過高，且硬幣本身不是适合採用批量化生產。但是由於生產推遲，僅有一小部分錢幣在 1849 年末被鑄造

而原屬梅雷迪斯的那枚或有一日將再次出現。大多數錢幣專

出來。

家都認為，1849 年雙鷹金幣和 1933 年雙鷹金幣一樣令人夢寐以求。這兩枚幣也分別是廣受歡迎的雙鷹系列幣的開山

在美國鑄幣史上，發行第一年就出現問題的情況並不罕

之作和收官之作。據報道，摩根（J. P. Morgan）曾在 1909

見。一些精美的硬幣由於浮雕過高而不得不重新設計。儘

年出價 3.5 萬美元購買 1849 年雙鷹金幣，這在當時簡直是

管它們頗具美感，但高浮雕硬幣的實際生產過程非常困難。

天價。

1907 年聖高登高浮雕雙鷹幣可能就是最著名的一個例子， 1921 年和平 1 美元幣和 1849 年 1 美元金幣也是如此。

我們可以預計到，如果這枚幣拿出來出售，那麼會是怎樣的狀況。其價格一定超過八位數，至少可以達到 2 500 萬美元。

當時生產的所有 1849 年雙鷹金幣都被熔化了，僅有兩枚

梅雷迪斯收藏的這枚幣如果面世，那麼一定會是個震驚業界

倖存下來。財政部長梅雷迪斯（W.M. Meredith）得到了

的大新聞，價格也一定會再次打破紀錄。

其中一枚，另一枚則被送達了費城的造幣廠儲藏櫃。梅雷

1907年聖高登高浮雕雙鷹幣、1921年高浮雕和平1美元幣和1849年1美元金幣 J

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1907年印第安人頭像雙鷹金質樣幣第二枚可能會在面世後帶來價格高峰的是 1907 年印第安人

都數人都和您一樣，更喜歡自由女神像的設計，因此我便不

頭像雙鷹金質樣幣。這是美國最具魅力且最令人嚮往的錢幣

再對二十美元金幣的設計做他想。”

之一。羅斯福總統認為此前的美國錢幣沒有吸引力，且無藝然而，應聖高登的要求，還是鑄造了一枚 1907 年印第安人

術感，因此親自參與了這枚錢幣的創造過程。

頭像雙鷹金質樣幣，作對比之用。這枚非凡的錢幣最早為美在早年羅斯福還是副總統的時候，他便認識了著名的雕塑家

國造幣廠首席雕刻師查爾斯·巴伯（Charles Barber）所有。

奧古斯都·聖高登，聖高登的作品包括 1892 年時為原曼迪

沃爾多·紐科默（Waldo Newcomer）直接從巴伯的遺產中

遜廣場花園創作的戴安娜雕塑、紐約的謝爾曼勝利紀念碑，

買下了這枚錢幣。之後它又被出售給著名藏家博伊德（F.C.C.

和紐約薩拉托加的海華沙雕塑。

Boyd），其妻子在 1945 年前後又以 1 500 美元的價格賣給了阿貝·科索夫

羅斯福何時決定

（Abe Kosoff）

委託聖高登設計

和艾布納· 克雷

新的鑄幣尚未可

斯伯格（Abner

知，但羅斯福曾

Kreisberg）。

在 1904 年 12 月 27 日寫信給

這枚硬幣之後又

財政部秘書萊

轉手至埃及的法

斯利· 莫蒂爾· 肖

魯克王，價格幾

（Leslie Mortier

近 1 萬美元。在

Shaw），“我認

法魯克王的統治

為我們的錢幣毫無藝術感。有沒有可能在不通過

1907年印第安人頭像雙鷹金質樣幣，照片來源：湯姆·馬爾瓦尼

遭到推翻之後，其收藏的珍稀錢幣在 1954 年進

國會許可的情況下，就雇傭像聖高登這樣的藝術家，來為我

行了拍賣。而阿貝·科索夫以 3 444 美元的價格將其拍回，

們設計一種具有美感的錢幣？”

並用這枚幣和小羅伊·納夫茨格（Roy E. Naftzger Jr.）交換了一枚錢幣。威爾克森醫生（J.E. Wilkison）在 1956 年

羅斯福總統着迷於美麗且飾有高浮雕的古希臘錢幣。羅斯

以 1 萬美元的價格將這枚幣收入囊中。派拉蒙國際錢幣公

福曾一度想優化全美錢幣的設計。但是由於現代鑄造技術

司（Paramount International Coin Corporation）在 1973

難以實現他所期望的高浮雕效果，聖高登便將精力集中在

年將其作為威爾克森金質樣幣收藏的一部分進行了拍賣，

錢幣上的鷹和雙鷹設計上。

其後整個收藏收歸 A- 馬克金融公司（A-Mark Financial Corporate）。

羅斯福親自和在他位於新罕布夏州康納什郡工作室的藝術家進行了大量的通信，為那一時期的錢幣設計做出了大量的

這枚幣後來又在 1979 年通過私人交易以 50 萬美元的

貢獻，其中便包括這枚 1907 年印第安人頭像雙鷹金質樣幣。

價格出售給了馬里蘭州的幣商朱利安· 萊德曼（Julian

他想要在設計上使用戴有完整頭冠的美國印第安人的頭像。

Leidman）。傑克·漢考克（Jack Hancock）和鮑勃·哈維爾

聖高登在 1907 年寫信給羅斯福说，儘管聖高登更傾向於將

（Bob Harwell）在 1981 年以 47.5 萬美元的價格從美國錢

印第安人頭像應用於雙鷹幣的設計，但最終那一面額的錢幣

幣協會拍賣上買下這枚幣。幾年之後，這枚幣出售給了美國

選用了自由女神像的設計（也称為聖高登設計）。印第安人

東北部的一位藏家，他專注於收藏聖高登設計錢幣，是當今

頭像設計和普通發行的鷹揚金幣的設計類似。聖高登在寫給

聖高登設計錢幣收藏領域的大家。

總統的最後一封信中說，“我給一些人看了錢幣的設計，大

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Another Masterpiece to Introduce Nationalist China’s Gold in Detail

The Gold Casting Missions of the Central Mint and the Gold Transported to Taiwan from Mainland China ◎ Zhou Bian〔Shanghai〕

The book has two parts. The first part introduces the gold casting missions of the Central Mint, and it includes four chapters that explain the gold casting missions of the Chongqing Mint, the Shanghai Mint, the Chengdu Mint, and the Taiwan Mint, respectively. The other part is about the gold transported to Taiwan, which includes how the gold was transported to Taiwan in batches and how it were used.

Mr. Stephen Tai ( 戴

In the first part, Mr. Tai details the background, casting projects, specifications, and weights of minting gold bullion by the Central Mint under the Nationalist Government in Chengdu, Shanghai, Chengdu, and Taiwan. He recounts the story of gold casting in the mints under the Central Mint through his abundant research of the relevant documents and archives. The second part of the book summarizes how the gold was transported to Taiwan from the end of 1948 in batches, and it makes a clear analysis and illustration of its usage. His research

學文 ) has released The Archives of

Gold of the Republic of China (《民國黃金檔案》) and The

objectively retells the history of this gold.

Untold Story of Nationalist China’s Gold in the past few years. Recently, I read Mr. Tai’s new work, The Gold Casting Missions of the Central Mint and the Gold Transported to Taiwan from Mainland China (《中央造幣廠鑄金案與大陸運臺黃金》).

Stephen Tai has focused on the study of gold and bonds in recent years, accomplishing great results. In particular, his specialized study on Nationalist China’s gold has caught the attention of the numismatic community in both mainland China and Taiwan due to his in-depth study of primary materials and his views have been widely agreed upon. The book, The Gold Casting Missions of the Central Mint and the Gold Transported to Taiwan from Mainland China , will advance our knowledge of this period of history.

The author has discovered much valuable information through in-depth analysis and research on the first-hand historical documents and archives, which allows us and following researchers to have a better understanding of the history of the gold casting missions of the Central Mint and that gold which was transported to Taiwan from China.

Stephen Tai’ s The Gold Casting Missions of the Central Mint and the Gold Transported to Taiwan from Mainland China (ISBN: 978-986-87260-6-1) will be published by Boduoxi Studio ( 波多西 ) in November 6, 2021. Price: NT $1,200. Boduoxi Studio is located at 231 Fuxing 2nd Rd., Room 803, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan (ROC); email: hwta@ms9.hinet.net. J

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A Masterpiece for Exploring the Numismatic Culture of Western Xia

The Coins of the Western Xia ◎ Zhou Bian〔Shanghai〕

The Coins of Western Xia (first edition), published by World Publishing Xi’ an Co., Ltd. April 2021, is a book in the gu quan wen ku series (《古泉文庫》 ). 787 x1092mm. Priced at RMB 377. ISBN 978-7-5192-8286-8.

The Western Xia, a mysterious empire in the history of China, also known as the Tangut Empire, was a local power established by the Western Tangut at the beginning of the 11th century A.D. The Western Xia coinage occupies an important place in the history of Chinese numismatics because of its unique Western Xia characters, scarce quantity, and limited circulation area.

The Coin Collection of Western Xia (《西夏錢幣集》) was just

published at the Western Xia Numismatic Symposium held in Lanzhou, Gansu Province on September 25, 2021. It is a comprehensive and systematic study of Western Xia coinage, as a professional catalog of Western Xia coins. The book is divided into two chapters. The first part is an introduction of the Western Xia coinage, including the history of Western Xia, the minting and circulation of Western Xia coins, the overview of the historical research on the Western Xia, and other topics. Based on extensive historical materials and research, the book makes a systematic reflection on the history and types of Western Xia coinage, as well as the results of historical research. The second part is the catalog of Western Xia coins, introducing, explaining, and grading coins according to their dates. It also classifies more than a dozen Western Xia coins, such as fan guo bao qian ( 番國寶錢 ), fu sheng bao qian ( 福聖寶錢 ), da an bao qian ( 大安寶錢 ), zhen guan yuan bao ( 貞觀元寶 ), yuan de tong bao (zhong bao) ( 元德通寶（重寶）), da de tong bao ( 大德通寶 ), da xia guo bao ( 大夏國寶 ), tian sheng yuan bao ( 天盛元寶 ), qian you yuan bao (bao qian) ( 乾佑元寶（寶錢）), tian qing yuan bao (bao qian) ( 天慶元寶（寶錢）), huang jian yuan bao ( 皇建元寶 ), guang ding yuan bao ( 光定元寶 ) and so on. The appendices include a chronographic comparison chart, geographical map, postscript, and a note on the dispute about whether da an tong bao ( 大安通寶 ) unearthed from Xilin, Inner Mongolia, is Western Xia

coinage. The book contains more than 500 Western Xia coins of various inscriptions, comprehensively displaying the varieties of all Western Xia coins discovered so far. It also makes an overview of rare coin varieties in detail. All these make it easy for readers and amateurs to distinguish and appreciate Western Xia coins. Mr. Tian Zhanjun ( 田戰軍 ), the writer of The Coins of the Western Xia , is the vice president of Gansu Collectors Association and the president of the Western Xia Culture Professional Committee. Gansu was the political, economic, and cultural center of Western Xia. Tian has spared no effort in collecting and preserving The Coins of the Western Xia as an industrialist and collector from Gansu. He completed the book by making a lot of preliminary preparatory work, collecting rare historical materials about the Western Xia and Western Xia coins, and arranging the archaeological findings and coins of the Western Xia excavated from the sites. The Coins of the Western Xia is the result of years of efforts, and it also carries the fruitful results of Tian Zhanjun's meticulous research. It is believed that the publication of the The Coins of the Western Xia is a breakthrough in the study of Western Xia coinage, and it will inspire more numismatists to study the history, culture, and coinage of the Western Xia.

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評

又一部詳細介紹“國府黃金”的力著

《中央造幣廠鑄金案與大陸運臺黃金》 ◎ 周邊〔上海〕

歷史有了清晰的瞭解與認識。《中央造幣廠鑄金案與大陸運臺黃金》一書分為兩部，第一部：中央造幣廠鑄金案。內有四章。第一章：重慶廠鑄

金案；第二章：上海廠鑄金案；第三章：成都廠鑄金案；

第四章：臺廠鑄金案。第二部：運臺的央行黃金，分兩章。第一章：歷次運臺黃金；第二章：運臺黃金的後續動向。

戴先生在書中第一部中，詳盡介紹了國民政府中央造幣廠重慶、上海、成都以及臺灣分廠歷年來鑄造金條、金磚的

緣起背景與鑄金計劃，成色標準與形制重量。並用充足的

檔案資料真實地反映中央造幣廠各廠鑄金的歷史與經過。

在第二部中，清晰地將1948年底開始的歷次運臺黃金進行了梳理與歸納，並將這批運臺黃金的後續流向也作了分析與說明。客觀地還原了運臺的央行黃金的歷史面貌。

戴先生多年來對黃金債券的研究，成績傲人，碩果累累。

戴學文先生近年来完成了《民國黃金檔案》《你所不知道的

特別是近年來對國府黃金的專題研究，由於採用的原始檔

國府黃金》等幾部著作，近又見到先生的《中央造幣廠鑄

案材料廣泛深入，數據真實可信，其著述在兩岸錢幣學術

金案與大陸運臺黃金》新著。戴先生通過對大量的原始史

界頗受關注，觀點也受同仁的推崇。相信《中央造幣廠鑄

料檔案的分析研究，挖掘出極為有價值的資料，使讀者和

金案與大陸運臺黃金》一書的出版發行，會使我們對這段

今後的學者對當時中央造幣廠鑄金與大陸運臺黃金的這段

歷史的研究有了更新更高的認識與提高。

戴學文先生的《中央造幣廠鑄金案與大陸運臺黃金》將於2021年11月6日發行，由臺北波西多工作室出版。國際標準書號：ISBN978-986-87260-6-1，定價：1 200台幣。波西多工作室在臺灣302新竹縣竹北市復興二路231號8樓之3，信箱 hwta@ms9.hinet.net。

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探求西夏錢幣文化的扛鼎之作

《西夏錢幣集》 ◎ 周邊〔上海〕

將番國寶錢、福聖寶錢、大安寶錢、貞觀元寶、元德通寶（重

寶）、大德通寶、大夏國寶、天盛元寶、乾佑元寶（寶錢）、

《西夏錢幣集》為古泉文庫系列叢書，由世界圖書出版公司出版，2021年4月第一版，787X1092mm 1/16開本，定價人民幣377元。國際標準書號：ISBN978-7-51928286-8。

天慶元寶（寶錢）、皇建元寶、光定元寶等十幾種西夏錢幣分別予以介紹和定級分類。附錄部分有：大安通寶、紀年對

照表、地理圖與後記。對內蒙古林西出土的有爭議是否為西

夏錢的大安通寶作了主題介紹。書內刊有各種不同錢文的西

夏錢幣500餘枚，全面展示了迄今發現的所有西夏錢幣的版

中國歷史上的“神秘王國”西夏，是公元11世紀初我國西部

別。且將珍稀錢幣品種概括闡述，對細小版別詳細分類介紹。

黨項族建立的地方政權。而西夏錢幣以其獨特的文字、稀少

便於閱讀者與愛好者區別與鑒賞。

的數量和流通發現地區的局限性而在中國錢幣史上佔有重要的地位。

《西夏錢幣集》由田戰軍編著。田戰軍先生是甘肅省收藏家

協會副會長，西夏文化專業委員會會長。田先生作為歷史上

2021年9月25日，在甘肅蘭州召開的“西夏錢幣研討會”上，西夏政治、經濟、文化中心區域甘肅本土的實業家與收藏家，收到了新出版的《西夏錢幣集》，這是一本全面、系統研究西

為搜集、保護西夏歷史錢幣不遺餘力，做了大量的前期準備

上下兩篇，上篇：西夏貨幣考略，主要是介紹西夏歷史、西

考古發現與遺址出土的實物將其歸納整理，編撰成書嘔心瀝

夏錢幣的專業著作，是一本集西夏錢幣大成的錢譜。全書分

工作，收集珍稀的西夏文獻史料與西夏錢幣資料，梳理西夏

夏錢幣鑄造與流通、西夏錢幣歷史研究的概況等課題，通過

血。《西夏錢幣集》凝聚了編著者多年的辛勞與汗水，也承

大量使用史料與研究結論，系統地反映了西夏錢幣的歷史與

載著編著者悉心考證研究的累累碩果對研究西夏錢幣是達到

種類，歷來研究的成果與收穫。下篇：西夏錢譜，將西夏王

了一個新的高度，。相信《西夏錢幣集》的出版發行，必將進

朝發行的錢幣按年號鑄造時間順序分類介紹、說明與定級，

一步激發更多的人研究西夏歷史文化貨幣的熱情。

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The Qi Xiang Zhong Bao from Reverend Harris' collection and the Qi Xiang money trees at the American Numismatic Society Museum ◎ Rong Yang〔USA〕 The Qi Xiang Zhong Bao 10 cash of the Board of Works Mint (Qing Dynasty), shown in Figure 1, formerly belonged to Rev. Hendon Harris' collection. It was obtained by Dr. Che-lu Tseng and was later given to me. This coin had never been polished after casting and the remaining stub after cutting oﬀ from the casted money tree is still there. Interestingly, one of the Qi Xiang Zhong Bao money trees at the American Numismatic Society (ANS) Museum in New York City happens to miss one coin. After careful study and comparison, it can be concluded that the Qi

Figure 1 Rubbing of the Qi Xiang Zhong Bao 10 cash of the Board of Works Mint (Qing Dynasty) and the enlarged label of ex Rev. Hendon Harris Coll. on the original paper bag coin holder.

Xiang Zhong Bao 10 cash of ex Rev. Harris collection was the coin that separated long time ago from the money tree at the ANS Museum, likely before the tree was acquired by the museum. The following paragraphs are detailed discussions.

visited Wang Hsi-hsien's home in Beijing.

The ANS Museum has a total of 4 Qi Xiang money trees,

Among the two Qi Xiang Zhong Bao 10-cash trees at the

two 1-cash trees and two 10-cash trees. In a 1987 article

ANS Museum, the one published in reference is intact,

in China Numismatics , Mr. Zhuang Quan, and Mrs.

but the other, never published, had one missing coin from

Houston gave an overview of the Chinese coin collection

the tree.

at the ANS Museum. Among the coins they described were four Qi Xiang money trees and the article published

I wrote to the ANS museum and obtained the picture of

two rubbings, one for a 1-cash tree and one for a 10-cash

the second tree that had one coin missing, see Figure 2.

tree . Both trees in the article were intact. These same

The coin at the bottom left had fallen off. Judging from

trees were also seen by the famed Chinese numismatist

the casting position, the ex. Harris Qi Xiang Zhong Bao

Ma Ding Xiang when he visited the ANS Museum.

should be the one that had separated from the tree long

According to his recollection, these trees were once

time ago. In addition, comparison of the enlarged picture

owned by a well-known coin dealer in Beijing, Wang Hsi-

of the coin on the tree, second from the bottom on the

hsien. He was active in the early Republic periods, about

right, to that of the ex. Harris coin shows that the two have

1920's to 1940's. Mr. Wang's father had worked in the

the same pattern and making. See Figure 3. But the two

Qing imperial mint in Beijing. After the closure of the mint

are in very diﬀerent conditions. The coins on the tree all

at the end of the Qing dynasty, he became a coin dealer in

have very heavy brown patina and are crusty, while the

Beijing, and was renowned for his acuity for Qing dynasty

ex. Harris coin only have light oxidation which indicates

coins. In Ma Ding Xiang's biography by Ms. Song Lu Xia,

that the two had separated a long time ago and had

Mr. Ma described seeing these Qi Xiang trees when he

undergone very diﬀerent storage conditions.

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collectors in the early 1900's. See reference 3 . Sadly, Ramsden died at a young age. His collection of about 15000 Chinese coins were donated to the ANS Museum through Reilly, in two batches. The first batch of about 5000 coins, donated in 1917, were largely pre-Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) ancient coins. The second batch of about 10000 coins, were donated by the daughter of Reilly, in 1936. According to an analysis by Dr. Tseng, in the 19 years between the two donations, some of the Ramsden collection may had gotten into the collection of other collectors3. If the four Qi Xiang money trees were among the donations by Reilly's daughter, one possibility was that the ex. Harris Qi Xiang Zhong Bao may had separated from the tree during 1917-1936, and later got into the collection of Rev. Harris. Another, more likely scenario was that the single Qi Xiang coin was separated from the tree long time ago in China, and later obtained by Rev. Harris in Asia, then brought to the US. Figure 2 One of the two Qi Xiang Zhong Bao money trees at the ANS Museum. (Picture provided by ANS)

To figure out when the single Qi Xiang Zhong Bao got into the collection of Rev. Harris, I did online research about Rev. Harris. It turned out that the Harris family had three generations of Reverends doing missionary work in foreign countries. The First generation started in Mexico. The second generation, Rev. Hendon Harris, was a missionary in Kai Feng, China (in He Nan Province) from 1910 to 1942. The third generation, Rev. Hendon Harris Jr., was born in Kai Feng and grew up there. His Chinese speaking and writing skills were excellent. Harris Jr. conducted missionary work ﬁrst in Taiwan, then in Hong Kong, during the 1950-1970 period. Harris Jr. died in 1981 in the US. He was famous for his ancient map collection. Based on the study of his ancient maps, he proposed the theory that the ancient Chinese had reached the American Continent before Columbus. One of the daughters of Harris Jr., Charlotte Harris Rees, wrote a book in 2016 about the missionary stories of the three

Figure 3 Top: enlarged picture of the coin second from the bottom on the right of the money tree at the ANS Museum; bottom: enlarged picture of the ex. Harris coin.

generations of her forebearers. See reference 4. I initially thought that the Qi Xiang Zhong Bao was

According to a recent article by Dr. Che-lu Tseng, the

obtained by the second-generation Rev. Harris during his

Chinese coin collection at the ANS Museum largely came

time in Kai Feng, China between 1910-1942 because the

from Harry Alexander Ramsden and John Reilly Jr, both

label on the original envelope containing the coin didn't

are renowned and well-respected Asian coin and art

have Jr. behind Harris. But this notion changed after I

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communicated with Charlotte. When I asked about her

was eventually bought by Harris Jr. in Asia in the 1960's,

grandfather's coin collecting activity, she said that she

then Harris Jr. brought it to the US. Separately, the Qi

can't recall that he ever collected Chinese coins. But she

Xiang trees went from China to the collections of the ANS

said that her father, Harris Jr., did collect a lot of Chinese

Museum in New York City even longer time ago, probably

coins and antiques and the purpose of the collection was

in the 1930's through donations from the daughter of

to finance his missionary activities in Taiwan and Hong

Reilly. Sometimes, the fate of coins can be just like

Kong. She remembered that her father often bought coins

human's, the separation and uniﬁcation are unpredictable.

and antiques in Asia and brought back to US to sell and the proﬁts were used to support the missionary activities in Asia. Figure 4, cited from Charlotte's book4, shows Harris Jr. shopping in an antique store in Asia. According to Charlotte, her father's coin collecting activities mainly occurred during the 1960's period. When I showed Charlotte that the coin containing envelope did not have Jr. behind Harris, she said that after the death of her grandfather, her father often removed the Jr. from his name, and that this was a fairly common practice here. Through the communications with Charlotte, I concluded that the ex. Harris Qi Xiang Zhong Bao was collected by the 3rd generation Rev. Harris Jr. It was probably

Figure 4 Rev. Harris Jr. (middle) shopping in an antique store in Asia. Cited from reference 4, p190, with permission from the author.

separated from the tree long time ago in China, at some time, it travelled to an Asian location outside China, and

References 1.Zhuang Quan, and Houston. The Chinese Ancient Coin Collection at the American Numismatic Society Museum. China Numismatics . 1987.Volume 1:59-63. 2.Song Lu Xia. The Great Numismatist Ma Ding Xiang. 2005. Wen Hui Publishing House. P55. 3.Che-lu Tseng. Harry Ramsden and the American Numismatic Society Collection. The Journal of East Asian Numismatics . 2020.Volume 20:97-103. 4.Charlotte Harris Rees. Courage, Endurance, Sacrifice: The Lives and Faith of Three Generations of Missionaries. Torchflame Books。 November 29, 2016.

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哈裏斯牧師舊藏祺祥重寶和美國集幣協會博物館藏祺祥錢樹 ◎ 楊嶸〔美國〕

圖1拓片所示祺祥重寶寶源當十，為韓登 · 哈裏斯牧師 (Rev. Hendon Harris）的舊藏。後輾轉經過曾澤祿醫生收藏，再入我的收藏。此錢幣鑄出後沒有經過修整，從澆鑄錢樹切下時存留的柄還在。有趣的是，在美國集幣協會 (American Numismatic Society, or ANS) 博物館有一件祺祥重寶寶源當十錢樹正好缺掉一枚。經過仔細研究，可以確定圖1中這枚哈裏斯牧師舊藏祺祥重寶，正是很久以前在美國集幣協會博物館那件錢樹入館前掉落下來的那一枚。詳述如下。美國集幣協會博物館共藏有四件祺祥錢樹，兩件寶源當十、

圖1 祺祥重寶寶源當十拓片及原始保存紙袋上標注的 “韓登·哈裏斯牧師舊藏(ex Rev. Hendon Harris Coll.)” 放大圖

兩件寶源小平。在1987年第一期的《中國錢幣》上，壯泉先生和美國集幣協會的霍斯頓夫人，曾介紹過美國集幣協會博物館所藏的中國錢幣。文中描述了該館所藏的四件祺祥錢樹，並在文中發表了一件小平、一件當十錢樹的拓片1。這兩個拓片顯示錢樹是完整無缺的。著名錢幣學家馬定祥先生也曾在訪問美國集幣協會博物館時看到過該館的祺祥錢樹。據他回憶，這些錢樹曾經是民國早期著名北京錢幣商王希賢先生的舊物。王希賢大約活躍於民國初期的1920-1940年代。他的父親曾在清朝的北京鑄幣局工作，在清末鑄幣局關閉後，就在北京成為錢幣商，並以研究買賣清朝錢出名。在宋路霞所著的馬定祥回憶錄 « 錢幣大師馬定祥 » 一書中，馬先生描述了他在王希賢家裏看到這些祺祥錢樹的情況2。在美國集幣協會博物館的兩件祺祥重寶寶源當十錢樹中，一件完整，一件掉落了一枚錢幣。我曾寫信給美國集幣協會，要到了這件缺掉一枚錢的錢樹照片，見圖2。這件錢樹左邊最下面一枚錢幣掉落了。從澆鑄口的位置可以判斷，哈裏斯舊藏的祺祥重寶應該是原本錢樹上的那枚早期掉落下來。另外，用錢樹右側倒數第二枚放大圖和哈裏斯牧師舊藏的祺祥照片對比可以確定，哈裏斯舊藏和錢樹上的錢幣版別和形制完全一致，見圖3。所不同的是，錢樹上的所有錢幣都有很重的褐色鏽層，而哈裏斯的舊藏只有較輕微的氧化，這顯示兩者應該是很久前就分開了，並且被儲藏在非常不同

圖2 美國錢幣學會所藏的兩枝祺祥重寶寶源當十錢樹之一（照片由美國錢幣學會提供）

的環境下。

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根據最近曾澤祿醫生在 « 東亞泉志 » 的著文3，美國集幣協會

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去掉。且這種做法是這裏很多人的習慣。

的中國錢幣，有很大部分來自於拉姆斯登（Harry Alexander Ramsden）和賴利（John Reilly Jr.）的收藏。這兩位都是

通過跟莎萊特的交流，我所得出的結論是：這枚哈裏斯牧師

1900年代早期的著名亞洲錢幣和藝術品大收藏家。拉姆斯登

舊藏的祺祥重寶應是第三代哈裏斯牧師⸺ 小哈裏斯牧師的

可惜英年早逝，他的約15 000枚中國古錢幣是經手賴利或其

舊藏。此錢幣很可能是很久前在中國時從錢樹掉落，然後到

家人，分兩次捐給美國集幣協會的。第一次約5 000枚，大部

了中國以外的亞洲地區，後來輾轉被小哈裏斯牧師在亞洲於

分為先秦幣，捐於1917年；第二次約10 000枚，是在賴利死

1960年代收藏後，再帶到美國。而錢樹則是很早前從中國來

後5年的1936年，由賴利的女兒捐出的。在這兩次捐獻之間

到紐約的美國錢幣協會，很有可能是賴利的女兒於1930年代

的19年間，即1917-1936年，有一些拉姆斯登和賴利的藏品

捐獻的。錢幣的命運和人何其相似，離和不可預知也。

可能進入了其他藏家的收藏。如果館藏的四件祺祥錢樹是賴利女兒的捐贈品之一。那枚脫落的單個祺祥錢有可能在19171936期間分離，後來輾轉被哈裏斯牧師收藏。另一種可能是那枚單個的祺祥錢早在錢樹離開中國前就已經掉落分離，後被哈裏斯牧師在亞洲收藏後，再帶到美國。為了搞清哈裏斯牧師是何時收藏到這枚祺祥重寶的，我在網上搜索了一下有關他的事蹟。原來哈裏斯牧師一家三代都在異國傳教。第一代在墨西哥。第二代的韓登 · 哈裏斯牧師（Rev. Hendon Harris）於1910-1942年間在中國開封傳教。第三代小韓登 · 哈裏斯牧師（Rev. Hendon Harris Jr.）1916 年出生於開封，並在開封長大。所以他的中文很好。後來他在大約1950-1970這段時間，在臺灣和香港傳教。小哈裏斯牧師於1981年在美國去世。小哈裏斯牧師以喜歡收集古代圖 3 美國錢幣學會祺祥錢樹右側倒數第二枚放大圖（上）與哈裏斯牧師舊藏放大圖（下）比較

地圖出名。他根據收集的中國古地圖而提出中國古代人在哥倫布之前就發現了美洲的理論。小哈裏斯牧師的女兒莎萊特 · 哈裏斯 · 瑞斯（Charlotte Harris Rees) 於2016年出版了一本書，講述了她的先輩在遠東傳教的事蹟4。因為裝祺祥重寶的紙袋上標注 Hendon Harris 沒有 Jr.，我開始時推斷此幣是第二代哈裏斯牧師於1910-1942間在中國收藏的。但後來我聯繫到了小哈裏斯牧師的女兒莎萊特，並詢問了有關她祖父收集中國錢幣的事情。在她的印象中，並不記得祖父哈裏斯牧師收集過中國錢幣，她說她的父親小哈裏斯牧師倒是收集有很多中國錢幣和古董。她說父親當年買錢幣和古董是為了資助在臺灣和香港的傳教活動。她記得父親通常在亞洲買古董和錢幣，拿來美國賣，所得的收入用來支持在亞洲的傳教活動。圖4顯示小哈裏斯牧師在亞洲一古董店買東西。莎萊特說他大部分的錢幣收集活動是在1960

圖4 小哈裏斯牧師(中)在亞洲一古董店買古董情形（見注釋 4，第190頁。引用征得了作者莎萊特的同意）

年代左右。當我給莎萊特看裝錢幣紙袋上並沒有寫“小” （Jr.）的時侯，她說祖夫去世後，他父親通常會把名字中的“小” 注釋：

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宋路霞：《錢幣大師馬定祥》，2005. 文匯出版社，第 55 頁。壯泉、霍斯頓：《美國集幣協會博物館的中國古錢藏品》，載《中國錢幣》1987 第一期第 59 頁。曾澤祿：《拉姆斯登與美國錢幣學會的藏品》，載《東亞泉志》2020 年 10 月第 20 期第 104 頁。

Charlotte Harris Rees. Courage, Endurance, Sacrifice: The Lives and Faith of Three Generations of Missionaries. Torchflame Books。 November 29, 2016》。

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17th, Shouxi) Commemorate? The reference of the article comes from three articles on the medal written by Bruce Smith1, senior editor of JEAN. These articles were published in 1995, 1996 and 1997 respectively. Since 1982, when the first Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal engraved with the name MR. R. S. GREENE appeared, there came out successively DR. C. PACKARD (1994), DR. T. M. LI (1995) and DR. G.Y. CHAR (1997). Bruce would follow up the research status of the Hsu ShihChang Pavillion Medal on JEAN each time an example appeared. Now, the three articles written by Bruce have been summarized into one article named Hsu ShihChang Pavillion Medal , which was included in the book Howard Franklin Bowker: Numismatic Pioneer in 20142. According to the article, the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal engraved with names was issued to commemorate the opening of Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) on October 9, 1921.

Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal:

There are three varieties of the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion

Past and Present

medal) was recorded as Kann 676 (LM 864). The obverse

Medal. In Eduard Kann's book, the commemorative medal with the characters of " 紀念章 " (commemorative

is the portrait of President Hsu Shih-Chang (October 10, 1918 - June 2, 1922), without inscriptions; On the

◎ Champion 〔Shanghai〕

reverse, it depicts the entrance of a pavilion, with the

characters " 仁寿同登 ", September 10 of the Republic of

China inscribed on the outside of the upper bead circle, and commemorative coins inscribed on the outside of On June 13, 2020, a 1921 Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion

the lower bead circle, with one flower star on the left and

medal engraved with the name DR. R. G. MILLS was

one flower star on the right, with teeth on the side. This

sold at the auction of Stephen Album for US$ 130,900.

medal has gold besides silver, and Eduard Kann's catalogue number is Kann 1570 (LM 1093).

Before the auction began, a senior coin collector, one of the regular clients of the Champion Auction from

There is also a medal with no commemorative coin at

the east coast of the United States entrusted me to be

the bottom and no flower star, which is divided into two

his guarantor at Steve Album Auction, for the CEO

versions: reeded edge (Kann 676 a; LM 956); plain edge

of Stephen Album Auction Joe Lang is my friend. He

(Kann1570a; LM 1125), there is also the existence its gold

limited the bid for this medal to six figures (namely, at

version.

least $100,000). Therefore, I infer that he is one of the bidders with the highest bid in this auction.

In the 1990s, when I learned Chinese mechane-struck

After the auction of Stephen Album, my friend Tseng

福 ), the founder of Fuchin Coins and Stamps in Taipei, he

coins from my mentor and friend Chou Chien-Fu ( 周建 shared with me the knowledge about the 1921, Hsu Shih

Che-lu wrote a short article about the medal, named

Chang medals.

What does the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal (June 60

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Mr. Chou told me that the 1921 Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal engraved with names is extremely rare. Because among the three varieties of Hsu Shih-Chang medals, the plain-edged coins without the inscriptions " 紀念章 " (commemorative medal) are the rarest. The other

two varieties: the reeded-edge coins with commemorative

coins are the most common, and the reeded-edge coins without commemorative coins are rare. He has seen many Hsu Shih-Chang plain-edged coins with names Engraving the name D, R and The back of the Hsu Shih-Chang Medal of DR. C. PACKARD

and names. It seems that the names on them were later removed artificially, because in the 1980s, the Hsu ShihChang coin version with no name was more valuable than the one with a name. He also told me to pay attention to the coins with names inscribed on them, because these names should be meaningful on them, and gave me some information about these coins. In studying the real reasons for issuing the Hsu ShihChang Pavillion Medal, Bruce Smith is persistent. In 1935, Wong Shou-Chien ( 王守謙 ) wrote in the

Reference Book of Rare Chinese Coins that this medal was made to commemorate the birthday of President Hsu Shih-Chang. Later, Arthur Coole gave the same explanation in his 1936 book Coins in China's History, which is why his translation is related to birthdays. Chiang Chung-Chuan's ( 蔣仲川 ) Illustration of China's Gold, Silver and Nickel Coins in 1939, Kalgan Shih's Research on Coinage in Modern China in 1949, and Chang Huang's Catalogue of Chinas Silver Dollars and Silver Coins all think that this coin is to commemorate Hsu Shih-Changs election as president.

June 11-14, 2020 ·Stephen Album Auction

1921 Hsu Shih-Chang medal with inscriptions " 纪念章 " (commemorative medal)

However, there are problems with both explanations. First of all, Hsu Shih-Chang took oﬃce on October 10, 1918 (National Day), neither in September nor in 1921. Although he was elected in September, his inauguration deserves more celebration than his election. And why should the medal be issued three years later? For the second theory, Hsu Shih-Chang was born on October 23rd, 1855, so it is impossible to celebrate his birthday in September. If this medal really commemorates his

1921 Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal without inscriptions " 纪念章 " (commemorative medal) , tooth edge, W&B Capital Collection J

birthday or his election as president, why omit that day? In addition, the most important birthday to celebrate in N

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Fuchin Coins and Stamp Store

In 1921, Peking Union Medical College was completed (Source: China Christian Daily)

In 1996, East Asia Spring Records published an article about the Hsu Shih-Chang Medal

In 2014, "Howard Franklin Burke-Pioneer of Numismatics Research" published the article "Hsu Shih-Chang Medal" (For the Summary of Hsu Shih-Chang Medal Series) 62

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China is usually the 60th birthday or the 70th birthday.

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others to make souvenirs. Arthur Coole thinks that the inscription " 仁壽同登 " related to the president's birthday

In 1921, Hsu Shih-Chang should be 63 or 66 years old. Therefore, the above explanation cannot be established,

may actually refer to the charity and selflessness of the

and the significance of issuing the Hsu Shih-Chang

hospital. The so-called building in the chapter may

Pavillion Medal is still a great mystery.

actually be a Chinese-style building in a medical school.

Time passed to the 1980s and 1990s, and the real reason

On the afternoon of September 17, 1921, more than 300

for issuing the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal finally

people attended the opening ceremony of Peking Union

appeared one after another. From 1982 to 1997, there

Medical College (Bruce, 1996). Therefore, there should

were four Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medals in the

not be a small number of donated medals engraved on

auction, and a diﬀerent name was engraved on the back

the names of people, but now there are only a few left.

of each medal. Bruce concluded that the Hsu Shih-

The reason is as mentioned by Mr. Chou Chien-Fu

Chang Pavillion Medal was issued to commemorate the

above: In the 1980s, the Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medal

opening of Peking Union Medical College.

edition with no name was more valuable than the one with name.

Bruce Smith once stated in the article Hsu ShihChang Pavillion Medal that the opening ceremony of

In September 1982, the engraved Hsu Shih-Chang

Peking Union Medical College was held in September

Pavillion Medal first appeared at the Hong Kong auction

1921, which lasted more than a week. In addition to

of Money Company (lot number 480). The words on the

official gifts, there are medical conferences and papers

chapter are MR. R. S. GREENE, namely Mr. Rodger

presented during them. Many people in the fields of

S. Greene (Roger Green, 1881-1947). Green was born

medicine, diplomacy and politics, including President

in Massachusetts, studied at Harvard, and then joined

Hsu Shih-Chang and John D. Rockefeller Jr, attended

the American Consulate. He worked in Brazil (1902-

the ceremony, and Rockefeller Jr. was the main funder of

1904), Japan (1904),Vladivostok (1905-1907), Manchuria

the medical school. Later, on the afternoon of September

(1907-1911) and Hankou (1911-1907) He was a resident

17th, the President received more than 300 guests,

director of China Medical Committee from 1915 to

including all the staﬀ of the medical school. The chapter

1933, and acting dean of Peking Union Medical College

with the words of commemorative coins should be given

from 1929 to 1934.

as souvenirs or sold to the public attending the ceremony. The date on the chapter is in the form of year and

Twelve years later, in the special auction of the old

month, because the whole celebration was not completed

collection of Ng Yin Boon (deceased collector) at the

in one day, but lasted for several days. The stamps with

Taisei-Baldwin-Gillio Hong Kong Auction in June 1994,

commemorative coins should be presented or sold as

the second Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medal appeared (lot

souvenirs to the public attending the ceremony. The

number 662), and the words on the medal were "D.R.C.

stamp without commemorative coins should be used

Packard."

to engrave the names of the donated staﬀ. Gold medals should be given to senior oﬃcials and important guests,

D, R and C. Packard, namely Dr. Charles W. Packard

such as Rockefeller and perhaps President Hsu Shih-

(Charles Packard, 1884-1970), was the biology lecturer of

Chang himself. It is worth mentioning that Rockefeller

Peking Union Medical College Preparatory School from

later donated the gold medal of Hsu Shih-Chang (once

1918 to 19234. The book Chinese Medical Commission

exhibited) to Rockefeller Foundation as an asset.3

and Peking Union Medical College eyes and equipped glasses for Pu Yi, the last emperor of China.

All along, people have speculated that the Chinese government ordered these medals, but it is also possible

In 1997, the fourth Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal

that the Union Medical College Hospital invited

appeared with the words "DR. G. Y. CHAR", namely Dr.

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1994 Taisei-Baldwin-Gillio Hong Kong Auction

①

②

Engraving DR. C. PACKARD

Engraving D, R and Back of Hsu Shih-Chang Medal of C.C. Packard

1995 Taisei-Baldwin-Gillio Singapore Auction

Group photo of all the faculty members of Peking Union Medical College Preparatory School The second from the right in the front row is Dr. Charles Packard (Source: The Emergence of Modern Physics Research in China: The Yenching Department of Physics and the Rockefeller Foundation)5

③

George Y. Char (1887-1951). George Y. Char, the founder of urology in China, was born in Hawaii, studied medicine at St. John's University in Shanghai and Harvard Medical School in China, and obtained a medical degree in 1914, becoming the first batch of graduates from Harvard

Engraving D, R and Back of Hsu Shih-Chang Medal of T.M. Li J

Medical School in China. From 1918 to 1919, he went N

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④

to the urology resident of Long Island College Hospital in New York, USA; From 1920 to 1927, he served as a surgeon at Peking Union Medical College and served as a medical consultant of the Ministry of National Defense of China. Later, he served as the attending physician of urology in Union Medical College Hospital until 1942. Because Char generally refers to foreign surnames, such as Chardonnay, Charlene, Charlotte or Charles, Bruce

Reverse of the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal engraved DR. G. Y. CHAR

Smith thought that the D R. G.Y. Char engraved on it was a foreign doctor's name, but it could not always correspond to such a foreign doctor who had worked in Peking Union Medical College, and suffered hardships.

Ling, also from Taiwan, in New York. He opened a coin

The Chinese name of Dr. Char was found in the list

shop in Flushing, Queens, New York-Yao's Coins, which

attached to the book The China Medical Board and

was the first and most influential Chinese coin dealer in

Peking Union Medical College published by Mary E.

the eastern United States at that time.

Ferguson)1970. The above lists the names of all the faculty members of Union Medical College from the beginning

Since 1980s, Mr. Yai often went to auctions in various

of its establishment in 1921 to its closure in 1951. There

places to bid for coins on behalf of big collectors. The

is a doctor named George Y. Char. Because Guangdong

Chan Family is Mr. Yao's biggest guest, who bought

Hakka reads Xie Rucha, it takes Char as its surname;

many coins from Mr. Yao's coin agency. Mr. Chan, who

George is the English name of the doctor; Y is the prefix

is also from Taiwan and lives on the east coast of the

of Yuan Fu's English translation.

United States, is one of the major buyers of Chinese machine mints and modern gold and silver coins in 1980s

Since the appearance of the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion

and 1990s, and also a major buyer of Chinese coins in

Medal engraved with DR. T. M. LI in 1997, there have

the auctions of Stacks, Bowers&Merena, Christies and

been no medals engraved with names in the next few

Sothebys coins in New York at that time. He likes Chinese

years.

machine coins and modern gold coins very much. One of the main sources of the 1996 Hong Kong Champion

Mr. Chou thinks that these Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion

Auction was also the Chen family, and most of the

medals have very important historical significance and

Chinese gold coins in the auction came from Mr. Chan's

research value, so he attaches great importance to them,

collection, which became a major feature of the auction.

and will try his best to buy them every time they appear

Mr. Chan also has an amazing collection of modern

at auction. However, coin collectors such as Liu Gai-zao,

Chinese stamps, many of which are treasures."

Haru Chang, NC Collection, Goodman, Chinese Family and earlier Eduard Kann and A. M. Tracey Woodward

During that visit, Mr. Yao told us that he had only seen a

did not collect these medals, which shows that their

1921 Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal engraved with the

importance is seriously underestimated.

names of people. It makes sense that this coin appeared in New York, because Rockefeller Jr. once funded the

In December 1997, before the start of New York

establishment of Peking Union Medical College, when

Inter national Coin Exhibition (Note: New York

many American doctors worked in that hospital, including

International Coin Exhibition is the most important

doctors from New York (where Rockefeller's headquarters

international coin exhibition in the United States, and

is located).6

Champion Auction later became the shareholder of the coin exhibition), Mr. Chou and I visited Mr. Yao Chin J

From 1950s to 1970s, coin collectors who collected rare N

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Chinese coins were mainly foreigners. In the 1950s, there were Eduard Kann, Bowker and King Farouck, the last king of Egypt. In the 1960s, there were Wayte Raymond and Von Halle. In the 1970s, there were NC collections and Goodman from America. Since the 1970s, collectors from Taiwan began to enter the Chinese coin market, mainly such big entrepreneurs as Liu Gai-zao, Haru Chang and Ng Yin Boon (Malaysian overseas Chinese) and many doctors (including Tseng Che-lu). Lee Chin Ling, Chinese Dragon Map, Semi-circular Silver Coin Tibetan Truth" (1980) & Catalogue of Silver Coins for Sale in China (1972)

In a recent telephone conversation with Mr. Chou ChienFu, he told me that one of the 1921 Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal is with a doctor in Taiwan, and this doctor is also my friend. In 1988, I first met Mr. Chou in the coin shop of Mr. Chou in Fuchin Hotel, and the doctor was there at that time. The doctor also owns the famous collection of Chinese 50-cent coins in Lee Chin Ling, which were sold to Lee Chin Ling by J.S. Lee as early as 1980s. Lee Chin Ling also wrote a book about these coins, A Complete Collection of Dragon Half-Dollar Silver Coins of Chinese Empire" (1980). Later, through Mr. Chou, Lee Chin Ling sold almost every Chinese 50cent coin to the doctor, including the 50-cent coins from Hunan and Shaanxi in 1897. In the 1980s, Mr. Chou worked in the Taiwan Coins

Philatelic currency bank (responsible person: J.S. Lee)

and Stamp Store in J.S. Lee, so he knew that J.S. Lee

which is also from another doctor in Taiwan. He is a

sold Chinese 50-cent coins to Lee Chin Ling. Mr. Chou

senior Chinese coin collector and has collected many

told me that most of the coins included in the book

extremely rare coins of good quality.

The Chinese Dragon Half Dollar Catalog （《中國龍圖半圓銀幣藏真》） are Eduard Kann's old collections, which are from the Catalogue of Silver Coins for Sale in China published by Jess Peters Company in 1972. This book contains lots sold in Eduard Kann's Chinese coin collection auction in 1971 and other precious Chinese silver coins, with numbers 228, 492, 498, 588, 589, 593 (later NC collection), 602 and 609 being the highlights of Eduard Kann's collection sales at that auction (as shown in the following figure). At the 1971 Kann Collection Auction, the top three buyers were American collector Irving Goodman, American veteran collector DC and founder of Japan Taisei Coins Oka Masamichi.

As mentioned above, the four engraved Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medals discovered before 1997, namely "Mr. R.S. Greene" (1982), "D.R.C. PACKARD"(1994), "Dr. T.M. Li"(1995) and "Dr. G.Y." However, according to the message of the chief network on June 22 (Author: Dad) 7 , there have been three engraved Hsu ShihChang pavillion medals recently, namely: "DR. E. W. H. CRUICKSHANK", "PROF. P. M. ROXBY", and "DR. R. G. MILLS" sold on June 13 this year. Counting 4 pieces before 1997, there are currently 7 pieces known to exist in the world. It is worth mentioning that, among the three newly

As far as I know, there is also a 1921 Hsu Shih-Chang

discovered engraved Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medals,

Pavillion Medal engraved with the names of people,

the Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medal engraved with

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Dr. E.W.H. CRUICKSHANK has an original box and the original official letter gift certificate, which is unprecedented. The engraved Hsu Shih-Chang pavillion medal is rare, and the matching engraved medal with the original box and the original oﬃcial letter gift certificate is unknown and very rare. As for the background of the names of these three coins, I hope Bruce Smith, senior editor of Journal of East Asian Numismatics, will spare no eﬀort to follow up the research. At that time, please pay attention to the Journal of East Asian Numismatics for the latest information. This article combs my personal experience of Hsu ShihChang Pavillion Medal. Most of the information refers to the three Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal articles written by Bruce Smith in East Asia Spring Records, hoping to help numismatic friends understand this engraved Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal deeply. This commemorative medallion is the first medal to commemorate the opening ceremony of a hospital in China, and it is rare to combine commemorative coins with commemorative medals. Peking Union Medical College (the predecessor of Peking Union Medical College Hospital) was established in 1921 with the aid of Rockefeller Foundation of the United

Highlights of Geng Aide's Collection Auction in China Silver Coin Sales Catalogue

States, and Rockefeller later gave the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Gold Medal as a gift to Rockefeller Foundation, which made great contributions to the medical and health undertakings in early China8. During the 32 years from 1916 to 1947, the Rockefeller Foundation allocated a total of $44.65 million for Peking Union Medical College, which is the largest amount, the most outstanding achievement and the most far-reaching influence among overseas charitable donations. Therefore, the Hsu Shih-

Reverses of Hsu Shih-Chang Medals wth names J

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Chang Pavillion Medal not only marks the beginning

of the medal and understand the significance behind it. In

of Chinas medical and health undertakings represented

addition, I would like to thank my teacher friend Chou

by Peking Union Medical College, but also a beautiful

Chien-Fu, who has generously taught me a lot about

witness to Sino-US friendship.

Chinese coins. Mr. Chou made a vital contribution to the early research of the engraved stamp of Hsu Shih-

I'd like to take this opportunity to pay my most sincere

Chang, and provided the follow-up status of the engraved

respects to Mr. Bruce Smith, senior editor of Journal

stamp of Hsu Shih-Chang that I discovered in the 1980s

of East Asian Numismatics, and thank him for his

and 1990s. Mr. Chou's son, Stanley Chou, worked in

contribution to coin research over the years. Without

my champion auction company for two years, and was

his tireless research and exploration on the issue reason

fortunate enough to give him knowledge about coins.

of the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medal in 1921 and its

At present, Stanley Chou is operating the largest auction

engraved name plate, we could not see the whole picture

platform in Taiwan, Fuchin Coin Online Auction.

【 Appendix 1: Rockefeller Foundation Taipei Fuchin Coins and Stamps 】

In 1870, John D. Rockefeller Sr founded Standard Oil Company, monopolized 90% of the oil market in the United States in its heyday, and became the first billionaire in history and the richest man in the world.

School of Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, eradicating hookworm and yellow fever in North America, sponsoring research on syphilis pathogen in Noguchi, sponsoring penicillin research in alexander fleming, spending huge sums of money to improve black education, and sponsoring the establishment of Chicago University and Rockefeller Medical Research Institute (now Rockefeller University).

After 1897, the old Rockefeller withdrew from the main management of Standard Oil Company and funded the establishment of Rockefeller Institute to support medical research. Since then, his life has gradually shifted from shopping malls to charity, and he wants to create a permanent charity.

Luo wanted to set up a comprehensive university like Chicago University in China, but due to various restrictions, he had to turn to medicine. Medicine is just the combination of science and education, and the transformation of society and thought. It is also urgently needed by the Chinese people. The location and architecture of Concord (see Appendix 2) is symbolic, which embodies the ambition of Rockefeller Foundation and Rockefeller Jr. himself. On the one hand, it respects the ancient Chinese culture, on the other hand, it needs to be transformed in the American way.

In May 1913, Rockefeller Foundation was founded by the old Rockefeller, which ushered in the peak of his charity. The first president was John D. Rockefeller Jr, who succeeded his father Rockefeller as chairman of the foundation in 1917. The foundation focuses on developing medicine, public health and agriculture. The foundation is the largest and most funded charity in Los Angeles with worldwide influence. Major contributions include: establishing Johns Hopkins

【 Appendix 2: History of Peking Union Medical College 】

graduates had been trained. But at this time, the school's funds have been stretched and unsustainable.

Peking Union Medical College, formerly known as "Concord Medical College", was jointly established by London Mission and American Presbyterian Church in 1906. Union means "union" in English and "Concord" in Chinese. After the Boxer Rebellion, Beijing Hospital was destroyed, and Concord Medical Hall was established on its former site. Peking Union Medical College officially opened in 1908, and by 1914, 38 68

In 1915, Rockefeller Foundation bought the whole industry of Union Medical College for US$ 200,000, and bought all the real estate of the previous residence of Dodo, Prince Yu, next to Union Medical College for US$ 125,000, and renamed Union Medical College as Peking Union Medical College. N

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In 1947, the $10 million grant received by Union Medical College was the last donation from the Lowe Foundation.

Medical schools founded on the model of "Johns Hopkins Model" began to sprout in China. In 1916, Charles Coolidge, an American architect, became the main architect of Union Medical College, and decided to design and build a campus and hospital complex building combining Chinese and Western. In the early construction stage of Peking Union Medical College, Rockefeller was the final decision maker, and Concord was a charity that he planned and spared no expense. In 1917, Rockefeller Jr. officially succeeded his father as the chairman of the Los Angeles Foundation, helped establish Peking Union Medical College, and opened a pre-medical course. The affiliated hospital was Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and the first principal was Franklin C. McLean. In October, 1919, the medical undergraduate course was started, and the academic system was eight years. On the afternoon of September 25, 1917, the foundation laying and commencement ceremony of Peking Union Medical College and its affiliated hospitals was held in the previous residence of Dodo, Prince Yu.

The foundation laying and commencement ceremony of Peking Union Medical College and affiliated hospitals in 1917 (Source: www.pumc.edu.cn)

From September 15 to 22, 1921, the Union Medical College with a new atmosphere ushered in a grand opening ceremony. Guests from European, American and Asian universities, world-famous scientists, international health organizations and academic groups and representatives from various provinces in China attended the event. At the meeting, George E. Vancen (Vincent), chairman of the Los Angeles Foundation, announced that all buildings and equipment would be delivered to Union Medical College for use, and the ownership would belong to the Los Angeles Foundation. Chinese and American government officials delivered speeches to celebrate. Rockefeller II delivered a speech on behalf of Lowe's Foundation, read out his father's congratulatory message, and expressed his wish to hand over the school to the Chinese one day. In June 1928, the Ministry of National Education stipulated that the presidents of institutions of higher learning must be Chinese, and the majority of the school board must be Chinese directors.

Group photo of Rockefeller Foundation Board members The fifth place from the right is Rockefeller Jr. (Source: www. pumc.edu.cn)

In April 1929, the American directors resigned and the board of directors was re-elected. Liu Jui-Heng became the first president of Chinese Union Medical College.

References: [1] Bruce Smith. 1996. More on the Hsu Shih-Chang Medals with Engraved Names[J]. JEAN . (3):32-33. [2] Michael Chou, Ron Guth, Bruce Smith. 2014. Howard Franklin Bowker: Numismatic Pioneer [M]. Shanghai: iAsure Group. [3] 王鐵群 . 2017. 洛克菲勒與北京協和醫學院 [J]. 同舟共進 . (7). [4] 佚名 . 2011. 醫學東漸記⸺ 1920 年代協和醫院影像志 [J]. 炎黃地理 . [5] Danian Hu. 2019. The Emergence of Modern Physics Research in China: The Yenching Department of Physics and the Rockefeller Foundation [J]. Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology. (3):4-61. [6] History.com Editors. 2010. John D. Rockefeller[EB/OL]. https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/john-d-rockefeller. [7] 八度朵朵爸 . 2020. 徐世昌仁壽同登刻名光邊版 . 首席網 [EB/OL]. [8] 資中筠 . 1996. 洛克基金會與中國 [J]. 美國研究 . (1):73-74.

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1995 年、1996 年和 1997 年。自 1982 第一枚陰刻人名“MR. R. S. GREENE”的徐世昌像紀念章出現後，1995-1997

年間又接連出現了刻有“DR. C. PACKARD” （1994 年）、

（1995 年）以及“DR. G.Y. CHAR” （1997 “DR. T. M. LI”

年）人名的徐世昌像紀念章。每出現一枚，史博祿都會在《東亞泉志》上跟進徐世昌像紀念章的研究現狀。如今，史博祿所寫的三篇文章已總結成一篇《徐世昌紀念章》，收錄

於 2014 年《霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克⸺ 錢幣學研究先驅者》（Howard Franklin Bowker: Numismatic Pioneer ）一書

中 2。據《徐世昌紀念章》記載，陰刻人名的徐世昌像紀念章是為紀念 1921 年 10 月 9 日北京協和醫學院（PUMC）

的開業所發行。

徐世昌像紀念章共有三個版別。帶“紀念幣”字樣的紀念章

徐世昌像

在耿愛德書中被記錄為 Kann 676 （LM 864）⸺ 正面是

徐世昌總統的肖像（1918 年 10 月 10 日─ 1922 年 6 月 2

日任職中華民國大總統），無文字；背面描繪的是一座涼亭

背“仁壽同登” 紀念章的“前世今生”

的入口處，並陽刻“仁壽同登”四字，上緣珠圈外陽刻“中華民國十年九月”，下緣珠圈外陽刻“紀念幣”，左右各一花星，邊齒為齒邊。這枚紀念章除銀質外也有金質的，耿愛德目錄編號為 Kann 1570（LM 1093）。

另有底部無“紀念幣”字樣且無花星的紀念章，分為兩個版

別：齒邊（Kann 676a；LM 956）；光邊（Kann 1570a；

LM 1125），也有金質的存在。

◎ 冠軍研究室〔上海〕

20 世紀 90 年代，周邁可先生在臺北向他的師傅兼朋友⸺

福君郵幣社創辦人周建福學習中國機製幣時，周建福分享了

周邁可一些有關陰刻人名的 1921 年徐世昌像紀念章的知識。

2020 年 6 月 13 日，一枚陰刻人名“DR. R. G. MILLS”

周建福告訴周邁可，陰刻人名的 1921 年徐世昌像紀念章極

的 1921 年徐世昌像背“仁壽同登”紀念章（以下簡稱徐世

為罕見。因為在徐世昌像紀念章的三個版別中，無“紀念幣”

的價格成交。Stephen Album 拍賣的 CEO Joe Lang 是周

字樣的齒邊紀念章最為常見，無“紀念幣”字樣的齒邊紀念

昌像紀念章）在 Stephen Album 拍賣會上以 130 900 美元

字樣的光邊紀念章最為罕見。另外兩個版別：帶“紀念幣”

邁可的朋友，拍賣開始前，有位來自美國東海岸的資深收藏

章則較為罕見。他見過許多未刻人名的徐世昌像光邊紀念章，

家（冠軍老客戶）委託周邁可做他在 Steve Album 拍賣會

似乎上面的人名是後來人為除去的，因為在 80 年代，無人

上的擔保人，並將這枚紀念章的出價限制為六位數（即至少

名的徐世昌像紀念章版別相比有人名的更為值錢。他還告訴

100 000 美元），因此周邁可推斷這個美國客戶是該場拍賣

周邁可要留意陰刻人名的那些紀念章，因為這些人名放在上

會出價最高的競拍者之一。

面應該是有含義的，並講周邁可一些有關這些紀念章的資訊。

Stephen Album 拍賣結束後，周邁可的朋友曾澤祿醫生撰

在研究發行徐世昌像紀念章的真正緣由上，史博祿可謂是鍥

寫了一篇有關這枚紀念章的短文⸺ 《徐世昌紀念幣到底

而不捨。

是紀念什麼？》（6 月 17 日，首席網），參考文獻源自我

們《東亞泉志》資深編輯史博祿 1（Bruce Smith）就徐世

1935 年，王守謙在《中國稀見幣參考書》寫道，鑄造

昌像紀念章像撰寫的三篇系列文章。這三篇文章分別發表於

此章是為了紀念徐世昌總統的生日。隨後，邱文明在其 N

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1936 年的著作《中國歷代五金錢幣》（Coins in China's

History ）也給出了同樣的解釋，這也是為何他的譯文與生日有關。蔣仲川 1939 年的《中國金銀鎳幣圖說》、施嘉幹 1949 年的《中國近代鑄幣匯考》，以及張璜的《中國銀圓及銀兩幣目錄》中，則都認為此章是為了紀念徐世昌當選為總統。

然而，這兩種解釋都有問題。首先，徐世昌是在 1918 年 10 月 10 日（國慶）就職的，並

陰刻人名 “DR. C. PACKARD” 的徐世昌紀念章背面

非在 9 月，也不是在 1921 年。雖然他確實是在 9 月當選，

但就職理應比當選更值得慶賀。而且為什麼要在 3 年後才

發行紀念章？對於第二種理論，徐世昌是在 1855 年 10 月

23 日出生的，因此不可能在 9 月慶祝生日。如果這枚紀念

章真是為了紀念他的生日或者當選總統，又為什麼要省略掉

那一天？此外，在中國需要慶祝的最重要的生日一般是 60

壽辰或 70 壽辰。而 1921 年時，徐世昌應該是 63 歲或 66 歲。因此上述解釋無法成立，有關徐世昌紀念章的發行意義仍疑雲重重。

時間輾轉到了 20 世紀 80 年代和 90 年代，發行徐世昌紀念

章的真正緣由終於陸續出現線索。1982-1997 年間，共有

4 枚徐世昌像紀念章出現在拍賣會中，每一枚紀念章的反面

都被刻上了一個不同的人名。史博祿這才斷定徐世昌像紀念

Stephen Album 拍賣會目錄

章是為了紀念北京協和醫學院的開業而發行。

史博祿曾在《徐世昌紀念章》一文中闡明：北京協和醫學

院的開幕典禮在 1921 年 9 月舉行，歷時一周有餘。除了官方獻禮，還有醫學會議及期間的論文展示。醫療、外交、

政治領域的眾多人士包括總統徐世昌和小洛克菲勒（John

D.Rockefeller Jr.）都參加了這次典禮，小洛克菲勒是醫學

院的主要出資人。之後，在 9 月 17 日的下午，總統接見了

包括醫學院所有員工在內的 300 多位客人。帶“紀念幣” 字樣的章應該是作為紀念品贈送或售賣給參加典禮的公眾

1921 年（民國十年）徐世昌像“ 仁壽同登” 紀念章帶“ 紀念幣” 字

的。章上的日期為年月形式，是因為整個慶典並非在一天內完成，而是進行了好幾天。無“紀念幣” 的章應該是打算

用來為受贈的職員刻上名字的。金質紀念章應是用於贈送給高級官員和重要客人，如洛克菲勒，也許還有總統徐世昌本人。值得一提的是，後來洛克菲勒將那枚金質的徐世昌像紀念章（曾出展）捐給洛克菲勒基金會作為資產 3。

一直以來，人們推測是中國政府訂購的這些紀念章，但也有可能是協和醫院自己請別人製作的紀念品。邱文明認為與總 1921 年（民國十年）徐世昌像“ 仁壽同登” 紀念章無“ 紀念幣” 字樣，齒邊， W&B Capital 藏品 J

統生日相關的“仁壽同登”四字，事實上可能指的是醫院的慈善和無私（仁）。章上所謂的建築實際也可能是醫學院內 A

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福君郵幣社

1921 年北京協和醫學院建築群落成（圖片來源： China Christian Daily）

1996 年《東亞泉志》刊載有關徐世昌像紀念章的文章（作者：史博録）

2014 年《霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克⸺ 錢幣學研究先驅者》刊載《徐世昌紀念章》一文（為徐世昌紀念章系列的總結篇） 72

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20 世紀 80 年代 Money Company 香港拍賣會

FEATURES

1994 年 Taisei-Baldwin-Gillio 香港拍賣會

①

②

陰刻 “Mr. R. S. GREENE ” 的徐世昌紀念章背面

陰刻“ DR. C. PACKARD” 的徐世昌紀念章背面

的一棟中國式建築。

1921 年 9 月 17 日下午參加北京協和醫學院的開幕典禮有

300 多人（史博祿 1996），因此陰刻人名的受贈紀念章理應不在少數，但如今卻只剩數枚，原因就如上述周建福先生

所言：在 20 世紀 80 年代，無人名的徐世昌像紀念章版別相比有人名的更為值錢，因此許多徐世昌像紀念章上的人名被人為除去。

1982 年 9 月，陰刻人名的徐世昌像紀念章在 Money Company 香港拍賣會上首次現身（拍品號 480）。章上文

日本（1904）、俄羅斯符拉迪沃斯托克（1905-1907）、

北京協和醫學院預科學校全體教職工合影前排右數第二位為帕卡德醫生（Dr. Charles Packard）（圖片來源：The Emergence of Modern Physics Research in China: The Yenching Department of Physics and the Rockefeller Foundation ） 5

作。他在 1915-1933 年間任中國醫學委員會的常駐董事，

PACKARD”。

字為“Mr. R. S. GREENE”，即 Mr. Rodger S. Greene（羅傑· 格林，1881-1947）。格林生於馬薩諸塞州，曾在哈佛

上學，後入職美國領事館，曾相繼在巴西（1902-1904）、

中國滿洲地區（1907-1911）和漢口（1911-1914）等地工

1929-1934 年任北京協和醫學院的代理院長。

DR.C. PACKARD 即 Dr. Charles W. Packard（查爾斯·帕

12 年後，在 1994 年 6 月的 Taisei-Baldwin-Gillio 香港拍

卡德，1884-1970），1918 年至 1923 年任北京協和醫學

賣會的黃元文（已故收藏家）舊藏專場拍賣中，第二枚徐

院預科學校的生物學講師。《中國醫學委員會與北京協和醫

世昌像紀念章出現（拍品號 662），章上的文字是“DR.C. J

學院》書內附有一張合影（史博祿 1996），合影上是北京 N

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1997 年，第四枚徐世昌像紀念章出現，上面的文字是“DR. G. Y. CHAR”，即 Dr. George Y. Char（1887-1951），

中文名謝元甫。謝元甫是中國泌尿外科的奠基人，出生於夏威夷，先後在上海聖約翰大學和中國哈佛大學醫學院攻讀醫

學，並於 1914 年取得醫學學位，成為哈佛大學醫學院第一

批中國畢業生。1918-1919 年赴美國紐約長島學院醫院泌

尿外科住院醫師；1920-1927 年任北京協和醫學院外科醫

生並兼任中國國防部的醫療顧問。後來擔任協和醫院的泌尿科主治醫師，直到 1942 年。

由於 Char 一般指向外國姓氏，例如 Chardonnay,

1995 年 Taisei-Baldwin-Gillio 新加坡拍賣會

Charlene, Charlotte 或是 Charles，史博祿原以為刻在上

面的 Dr. G. Y. Char 是個外國醫生的名字，但總也對應不上

③

曾在協和工作的這樣一位“外國醫生”，苦經周折，在瑪麗·弗格森（Mary E. Ferguson）1970 出版的《中國醫學委員會與北京協和醫學院》（The China Medical Board and

Peking Union Medical College ）書內所附名單中找到了這位 Char 醫生的中文名。上面列有協和醫學院 1921 年學院成立伊始至 1951 年關閉期間所有教職工名字。其中有一位醫生名叫“謝元甫”，對應英文就是 George Y. Char。因為廣東客家語讀“謝”如“查”，因此以“Char”為姓；而 George 則完全是該醫生的英文名；“Y”則是“元甫”

陰刻 “ DR. T. M. LI ” 的徐世昌紀念章背面

英譯的字頭。

④

自 1997 陰刻“DR. G.Y. Char”的徐世昌像紀念章出現後，

此後幾年內都再無刻有名字的紀念章出現。

周建福認為這些徐世昌像紀念章有着非常重要的歷史意

義與研究價值，因此對其十分重視，每出現一枚，都

會盡力去競拍。而像劉改造、張秀青、NC 收藏（NC

Collection）、古德曼（Goodman）、中國家族（Chinese

Family）以及更早的耿愛德（Eduard Kann）、伍德華（A.

M. Tracey Woodward）這些錢幣收藏大家卻沒有收藏這些

陰刻 “Dr. G. Y. Char” 的徐世昌紀念章背面

紀念章，可見其重要性被嚴重低估。

協和醫學院預科學校的全體教職工。4 位於前排的就是年輕

1997 年 12 月，在紐約國際錢幣展開始之前（注：紐約國

的帕卡德醫生，戴着眼鏡，表情嚴肅。

際錢幣展是全美最重要的國際錢幣展，冠軍公司後來成了該

錢幣展的股東），周邁可同周建福在紐約拜訪了同樣來自臺

第三枚徐世昌像紀念章出現在 1995 年 2 月的 Taisei-

灣的姚慶林先生。他在紐約皇后區的法拉盛開設了一家錢幣

Baldwin-Gillio 新加坡拍賣會上（拍品號 69），章上的文

店⸺ “Yao's Coins”（姚氏錢幣社），是美國東部首位

字是“DR. T. M. LI”。DR. T. M. LI 即 Dr. Tsing-meu

亦是當時最有影響力的華人幣商。

Li（1884-1946），中文名字李清茂。李醫生出生在夏威夷，在賓夕法尼亞大學接受教育。1917-1927 年，任北京協和

20 世紀 80 年代始，姚先生經常出入各地拍賣會，代表大收

醫學院的眼科學副教授。他就是那位為中國末代皇帝溥儀檢

藏家競拍錢幣。陳氏家族（Chan Family）便是姚先生最大

查眼睛並配置眼鏡的醫生。 74

的客人，曾從姚先生的錢幣社購入許多錢幣。陳先生同樣來

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自臺灣，居住於美國東海岸，是 20 世紀 80 年代和 90 年代

王法魯克一世（King Farouck）、包克（Bowker）；60

Bowers&Merena、以及當時紐約的 Christie's 和 Sotheby's

Halle）；70 年代有來自美國的 NC 收藏、古德曼等。70

中國機鑄幣和現代金銀幣的主要買家之一，亦是 Stacks、

年代有韋德· 雷蒙德（Wayte Raymond）、馮· 霍爾（Von

錢幣拍賣的主要中國錢幣買家。他非常喜歡中國機鑄幣和現

年代開始，臺灣的收藏家開始進軍中國錢幣市場，主要是劉

家族，拍賣會上的大部分中國金幣來自陳先生的收藏，成為

許多醫生（包括曾澤祿）。

代金幣。1996 年冠軍香港拍賣的主要出品人之一也是陳氏

改造、張秀青、黃元文（馬來西亞華僑）這樣的大企業家和

該場拍賣的一大特色。陳先生還收藏了數量驚人的中國現代郵票，其中不乏珍品。

周邁可在最近與周建福一次電話交談中，他告訴周邁可其

在那次拜訪中，姚先生告訴我們他只見過一枚陰刻人名的

位醫生那裏，而這位醫生也是周邁可的朋友。1988 年，在

中一枚陰刻人名的 1921 年徐世昌像紀念章目前在臺灣的一

1921 年徐世昌像紀念章。這枚紀念章現身紐約是說得通的，福君飯店內周先生的錢幣店裏，周邁可第一次見到周建福，

因為小洛克菲勒曾資助創建北京協和醫學院，當時有許多美

當時這位醫生也在那裏。這位醫生還擁有著名的李金陵中國

部所在地）的醫生。

賣給了李金陵。李金陵還就這些硬幣撰寫了一本書《中國

伍角硬幣收藏，這些硬幣早在 20 世紀 80 年代就由李振興

國醫生在那所醫院上班，其中就包括來自紐約（洛克菲勒總 6

龍圖半圓銀幣藏真》（A Complete Collection of Dragon

從 20 世紀 50 年代到 70 年代，收集中國珍稀幣的錢幣藏家

Half-dollar Silver Coins of Chinese Empire , 1980 年）。

主要是外國人和海外華人。50 年代有耿愛德、埃及末代國

後來，李金陵通過周建福，幾乎將當中的每一枚中國伍角硬幣悉數賣給了這位醫生，其中包括 1897 年湖南和陝西的伍

角硬幣。

20 世紀 80 年代的周建福在李振興的臺集集郵幣行工作，

因此知道李振興將中國伍角硬幣賣與李金陵一事。周建福告訴周邁可，《中國龍圖半圓銀幣藏真》一書收錄的大部分幣都是耿愛德的舊藏，出自 Jess Peters 公司在 1972 年出版的

《中國銀幣售品目錄》。該書收錄了 1971 年耿愛德中國錢幣珍藏拍賣中成交的拍品以及其他珍貴中國銀幣， 228、

492、498、588、589、593（後屬 NC 收藏）、602、 609 都是那場拍賣會上的耿愛德收藏成交亮點（如下圖所

示）。在那場 1971 年的耿愛德拍賣會上，前三大買家分別

是美國收藏大師伊文·古德曼（Irving Goodman）、美國資

李金陵《中國龍圖半圓銀幣藏真》（ 1980 年） &《中國銀幣售品目錄》（ 1972 年）

深收藏家 DC 以及日本泰星錢幣公司創始人崗政道（Oka

Masamichi）。

據周邁可所知，還有一枚陰刻人名的 1921 年徐世昌像紀念

章也是在臺灣的一位醫生那裏。他是一位資深的中國錢幣收藏家，收藏了許多極為珍稀的好品相硬幣。

前面提到除去 1997 年之前發現的 4 枚陰刻人名版徐世昌像

紀念章，即“MR. R. S. GREENE”（1982 年）、 “DR.

C. PACKARD”（1994 年）、“DR. T. M. LI”（1995

年）以及“DR. G. Y. CHAR”（1997 年），此後很多

年未發現其他刻名版徐世昌像紀念章。不過，根據首席網

2021 年 6 月 22 日的訊息（作者：八度朵朵爸）7，近來又

出現 2 枚陰刻人名版徐世昌像紀念章，分別是：“DR. E. W.

H. CRUICKSHANK”、“PROF. P. M. ROXBY”，以

集集郵幣行（負責人：李振興） J

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及 2021 年 6 月 13 日 Stephen Album 成交的“DR. R. G.

MILLS”。算上 1997 年之前的 4 枚，目前已知存世共 7 枚。值得一提的是，在新發現的 3 枚刻名版徐世昌像紀念章中，其中陰刻“DR. E. W. H. CRUICKSHANK”的徐世昌像

紀念章帶有原裝盒和原公函贈予證書。這一發現是史無前例的，刻名版徐世昌像紀念章本就難得一見，而帶有原裝

盒和原公函贈予證書的配套刻名版紀念章更是聞所未聞，十分珍稀。

有關這 3 枚紀念章的相關人名背景，希望《東亞泉志》的

高級編輯史博祿還有餘力繼續跟進研究，屆時請關注《東亞泉志》獲取最新資訊。

本文梳理了我們對於徐世昌像紀念章的個人親身見聞，大部分資訊參考自《東亞泉志》史博祿撰寫的三篇徐世昌像紀念章文章，希望能夠幫助泉友們深入瞭解這一陰刻人名的徐世昌像紀念章。該紀念章是中國首枚紀念醫院開業儀式的紀念品，其集紀念幣與紀念章於一身的屬性實為難得。由於北京協和醫學院（北京協和醫院的前身）是由美國洛克菲勒基金於 1921 年資助建立，且洛克菲勒後來將獲贈的徐世昌像紀

念金章也作為資產贈與洛克菲勒基金會，對於早期中國的醫

療衛生事業做出了巨大貢獻。8 自 1916 年至 1947 年的 32

年間，洛氏基金會用於協和的撥款總數達 4 465 萬美元，是其在海外慈善捐助中數額最多、成果最卓著、影響最深遠的一項。因此，徐世昌像紀念章不僅標誌着以北京協和醫學院為代表的中國醫療衛生事業的開端，也是中美友誼的美好

《中國銀幣售品目錄》中耿愛德收藏拍賣亮點

見證。

借此良機，我們想對《東亞泉志》的資深編輯史博祿先生

致以最真摯的敬意，感謝他這些年來在錢幣研究上所作的貢獻。沒有他對於 1921 年徐世昌像紀念章及其陰刻人名版

發行緣由孜孜不倦的研究和探索，我們就無法見識該紀念

章的全貌，也無法瞭解到這枚紀念章背後的重要意義。另外，還想感謝周建福先生，他曾慷慨傳授周邁可許多中國錢幣知識。周先生為徐世昌像刻名版紀念章作出了至關重要的早期研究貢獻，並提供周邁可 20 世紀 80-90 年代發現

的刻名版徐世昌像紀念章的後續現狀。周先生的兒子周俊佑（Stanley Chou）曾在冠軍拍賣公司工作過，因而有幸

授予他相關錢幣知識。目前周俊佑正在臺北運營著中國臺灣最大的拍賣平臺⸺ 福君錢幣線上拍賣（Fuchin Coin

Online Auction）。

陰刻人名的徐世昌紀念章背面

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FEATURES

附錄 1：洛克菲勒基金會

1870 年，約翰·洛克菲勒（老洛克菲勒， John D. Rockefeller Sr.）創立標準石油公司，在全盛時期壟斷了全美 90% 的石油市場，成為歷史上第一位億萬富豪並全球首富。

金會是洛氏規模最大、資金最多，有世界影響力的慈善事業。主要貢獻包括：成立約翰霍普金斯公共衛生學院、哈佛大學公共衛生學院、北京協和醫學院，根除北美鉤蟲和黃熱病，贊助野口英世的梅毒病原體研究，贊助亞曆山大·弗萊明的青黴素研究，並斥鉅資提升黑人教育，還資助建立了芝加哥大學和洛克菲勒醫學研究所（現在的洛克菲勒大學）。

1897 年後，老洛克菲勒退出標準石油公司的主要管理，出資成立洛克菲勒研究所資助醫學研究。此後他的生活重心漸由商場轉向慈善事業，並且想要開創一項永久性的慈善事業。

洛氏原想在中國辦一所像芝加哥大學那樣的綜合大學，但由於種種限制，只能轉向醫學。醫學正好是科學與教育、改造社會與思想的結合點，又是中國人民所迫切需要的。協和的選址和建築（參見附錄 2）是具有象徵意義的，它體現了洛克菲勒基金會和小洛克菲勒本人的雄心，一方面是對中國古老文化的尊重，另一方面要按美國的方式改造它。

1913 年 5 月，老洛克菲勒創立了洛克菲勒基金會，迎來其慈善事業的頂峰。第一任會長就是小洛克菲勒（ John D. Rockefeller Jr. ）， 1917 年接替其父老洛克菲勒成為基金會董事長。基金會的重點是發展醫學、公共衛生和農業。該基

附錄 2：北京協和醫學院歷史沿革

北京協和醫學院的前身是 “ 協和醫學堂 ” ，為 1906 年倫敦宣教會與美國長老會等五個教會聯合開辦，英文的 Union 即“ 聯合”之意，中文雅譯為“ 協和 ” 。義和團運動後，北京醫院被毀，協和醫學堂就是在其舊址上建立起來的。北京協和醫學堂 1908 年正式開課，到 1914 年共培養了 38 名畢業生。但此時學校的經費已捉襟見肘、難以為繼。

1929 年 4 月，美國董事辭呈，董事會改選，劉瑞恒出任第一任中國籍協和醫學院院長。

1915 年，洛克菲勒基金會以 20 萬美金收購協和醫學堂的全部產業，並用 12.5 萬美金買下協和醫學堂旁原豫王府的全部地產，將“協和醫學堂 ”改名為“ 北京協和醫學院 ” ，英文名字為 PUMC（ Peking Union Medical College ）。以“ 約翰 • 霍普金斯模式 ” 為範本創辦的醫學院開始在中國萌芽。 1916 年，美國建築師查爾斯·柯立芝擔任協和醫學院的主要建築師，決定設計建造一座中西合璧的校園和醫院群建築。

1917 年北京協和醫學院及附屬醫院奠基及開工典禮儀式（圖片來源： w w w. p u m c . e d u . cn ）

1947 年協和醫學院得到的 1 000 萬美元資助是洛氏基金會的最後一次捐贈。

在北京協和醫學院早期建設階段，小洛克菲勒是最終決策者，協和是他一手籌畫、不惜重金打造的一項慈善事業。 1917 年，小洛克菲勒正式接替父親成為洛氏基金會董事長，幫助建立北京協和醫學院，開辦醫預科，附屬醫院為北京協和醫院，首任校長是 Franklin C.McLean 。 1919 年 10 月開辦醫學本科，學制為八年制。 1917 年 9 月 25 日下午，北京協和醫學院及附屬醫院奠基及開工典禮儀式在前豫王府舉行。

洛克菲勒基金會董事會成員合影右數第五位為小洛克菲勒（圖片來源： w w w. p u m c . e d u . cn ）

1921 年 9 月 15 日至 22 日，氣象一新的協和醫學院迎來了盛大的開幕典禮，來自歐美、亞洲高等院校校長、世界著名科學家、國際衛生組織和學術團體的嘉賓與中國各省代表出席盛會。會上，洛氏基金會主席 George E.Vancen（文森）宣佈將全部建築和設備交付協和醫學院使用，所有權歸洛氏基金會。中國政府及美國政府要員致辭慶賀。洛克菲勒二世代表洛氏基金會致詞，宣讀了父親的賀電，並表述了他希望有朝一日將這所學校交給中國人接管的願望。 1928 年 6 月，國民教育部規定高等院校校長必須是中國人，學校董事會必須華人董事為多數。注釋：

1 史博祿：1996《再論徐世昌紀念章》[J]. 載《東亞泉志》. (3):32-33。 2 周邁可、古富、史博録：2014《霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克⸺ 錢幣學研究先驅者》[M]. 上海 : iAsure 集團 . 3 王鐵群：2017《洛克菲勒與北京協和醫學院》[J]. 同舟共進 . (7)。 4 佚名：2011《醫學東漸記⸺ 1920 年代協和醫院影像志》[J]. 《炎黃地理》。 5 Danian Hu 胡大年：2019 The Emergence of Modern Physics Research in China: The Yenching Department of Physics and the Rockefeller Foundation[J]. Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology. (3):4-61。 6 History.com Editors. 2010. John D. Rockefeller[EB/OL]. https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/john-d-rockefeller。 7 八度朵朵爸：2020《徐世昌仁壽同登刻名光邊版》。首席網 [EB/OL]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/6YOVZaNtkmzcic87meoiNw。 8 資中筠：1996《洛克基金會與中國》[J]. 美國研究 . (1):73-74。

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專題

A CASE STUDY:

CLASSIFYING THE NOTES OF THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANK CORPORATION, 1865-1898 ◎ Joe Cribb〔UK〕

The origins of this paper go back to 1986 when I was asked to write an illustrated introduction to the money collection of The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. The main part of the collection was the paper money issues of the Bank itself. From its foundation in 1865 down to the present day The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank has been the most important issuer of paper money in Hong Kong. In the past it also issued paper money at its branches in China, Japan and Malaya. The collection was large but, armed with a typed catalogue of the notes (supplied by the Bank's Archive Department) and a set of photocopies of the collection (provided by William Barrett), I set about trying to understand the history of the Bank's activities as an issuer of paper money suﬃciently well to write about it.

did not provide a clear account of the process of note issue. They all recorded the notes seen by their authors in denomination and date order, but oﬀered no solutions to the task awaiting me. It seemed to me that I had to go back to basics, so I added the material published by Mao, Smith, Pick and Lam to what I knew from the Bank's collection and started to examine the notes to see what they had to show. I was also able to add to my material photocopies of the notes in a substantial private collection (William Barrett's). In this way I assembled details of a large number of notes issued by the Bank, and it was from these notes themselves, together with some documentary evidence made available to me by the Bank and by the same collector, that I acquired the information I needed to reconstruct an overview of the production and issue of The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank's paper money. For the purposes of this article I am confining myself to the note issues from the Bank's Hong Kong Branch during the period 1865 to 1898, with the exception of the $1 notes issued from 1872, as they are worthy of a paper to themselves (which I hope to present on a future occasion).

My first response was to look for publications on the subject. I found little to help me: a brief essay on some unusual issues of the Bank by Judith Sear, and catalogue listings by Smith and Maltravers, Mao, Lam and in Pick's Standard Catalog of World Paper Money . Sear's article mentioned only two notes relevant to the topic of this paper, both exceptional pieces (one a Hong Kong note of 1865 issued at the Yokohama branch in 1866; the other a trial note made by a printer tendering for the Bank's business in 1888, both in the Bank's collection), which are useful evidence for the story of the Bank's note issue during the period in question, but not part of it. Mao's History consisted of lengthy but unhelpful descriptions of badly illustrated notes (a few not listed elsewhere), with occasional paragraphs of uninformative comment. The catalogue listings by Smith, Pick and Lam contained useful data, brief descriptions and a few illustrations, but

I have chosen to descr ibe the methods I used in classifying these notes in order to demonstrate the value of classification as a core tool in the study of paper money, which can be employed as a means of understanding the history of the notes themselves, the history of the issuing bank and its monetary activities, and the history of banknote production. The bare bones of my classification are those used in all catalogue listings,

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the forty-nine notes were purchased by one collector and I have been able to examine most of them as part of this research. Five of the forty-nine notes were $1 denominations and are therefore not covered by this paper. The remaining forty-four notes represent 25% of the surviving notes recorded in the course of this research. If they had been split up through the sale the evidence they provide would no longer be available. The same collector's interest in the history of Barclay & Fry has also preserved a few other important pieces of information concerning the 1865-98 notes of the Hongkong Bank, which have been included in this study.

best exemplified by those of Pick and Lam, but the intention is to go deeper into the criteria for classification in order to produce not just a guide for collecting and valuing notes, but a framework which will elucidate the importance of the information contained in the notes, which are historical documents in their own right. Most paper money belongs to the realm of modern history, where surviving documentation tends to overshadow the importance of the primary evidence presented by contemporary objects. The reality is that the dispersal and destruction of so many printers' and banks' archives is turning the surviving pieces of paper money into the most direct and informative evidence of their own production and issue. The case study chosen is a good example of this. The Hongkong Bank's archives are still largely intact (damaged only by the circumstances of war and revolution), thanks to the Bank's commitment to preserving its own history, and much of its public activity as a note issuer is recorded in British Government official reports and archives because of its role as the chief provider of Hong Kong's oﬃcial money. However, the archives of the printers, Barclay & Fry, have been completely disbanded or destroyed. Thanks to the activities of one collector, some of this lost material can be reassembled, but it is a tiny proportion of the whole archive which must have once existed.

The main results of my research are presented here in the form of tables outlining the chronological progression of note production in a series of phases. Because of the different design adopted for the $5 denomination after phase III, the varieties of this denomination are listed in phases distinct from the other denominations, even though their production was parallel to that of the higher denominations. The initial step in classification was to collect the details of as many notes as possible. Then my work on the 1987 book was completed, the material from the Barclay & Fry sample books was not yet available to me, so this study represents a further refinement of the classification presented in 1987. I have also been able to spend more time since then looking at the process of plate change by examining at first hand the examples in William Barrett's collection, including the Eric Powell sample book specimens, and this has added further detail to the classification. Within the limits set out above, 161

A typical example of this process of loss is the possible fate of the sample books of a certain Mr Eric Powell, who represented Barclay & Fry in the Far East. The contents of these books were offered for sale through Sotheby's London sale room on 1 October 1987. The books themselves were already taken apart and not oﬀered for sale. The notes were divided up into lots, some apparently reflecting the grouping of the notes in the sample books, and sold to the highest bidders. The whole of the Hongkong Bank's note issue for Hong Kong from 1867 to 1899 was represented by forty-nine notes in the sample books. They were divided into twenty-five lots, with br ief descr iptions mentioning colours, denominations and dates; any manuscript annotations on the notes (mostly dates) were also mentioned. There was, however, only a single illustration of one side of just one of these notes. Fortunately, however, forty-seven of

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the Manager or Chief Manager and Accountant or Chief Accountant, and the first date of issue. These were gradually replaced by the printed additions listed above, but the (Chief) Accountant's signature continued to be added by hand to all notes, and the Chief Manager's signature was still required on $500 notes throughout the period in question. The handwritten signatures appearing were normally not those of the named officials, but of subordinates signing on their behalf. The usefulness of the issued notes in classification is primarily based on the added information outlined above, but apart from the rarity of such notes there is another limitation to the role they can play. Because they have been in circulation, issued notes are often in deteriorated condition. The details added by hand might have faded and be illegible; the colours of the printer's ink can also fade, changing their intended colour; corners of the note can be torn off, and indeed in many cases were intentionally cut oﬀ on cancellation.

notes have been recorded during this study. In addition to these I have included three contemporary forgeries and four notes printed for Hong Kong which the Bank overprinted for issue at other branches. There are also up to seven more notes listed by Lam which cannot be included because of the lack of reported information or their probable misidentification.

The additions on the issued notes, particularly serial numbers and dates, are vital for understanding the sequence of issue by the Bank, but such a limited random sample can go only a small way towards creating a full picture. However, this limitation is compensated for in the case of the Hongkong Bank by the survival in the Bank's archives of the issue record of the Bank's Hong Kong notes. This record takes the form of Bank Note Issue Registers, which list by serial number the notes issued by the Bank. Each opening of a register presents two pages with 250 notes listed on each page. At the head of each page are the dates of signing (nominally the date of first issue) and the date of actual issue from the Hong Kong Oﬃce. The notes were signed in batches of 500 (i.e. one opening of the register), with the samples of the two signatories at the head of each page. As each note was withdrawn from circulation and paid off by the Bank, the date of cancellation was entered into the register opposite the serial number. The registers show that fewer than 1% of the issued notes were not returned to the Bank for cancellation. It is interesting to note that thirty-four of the known surviving issued notes had been returned to the Bank for cancellation (mostly preserved for an unknown reason by the Bank from two batches cancelled in 1904 and 1911), leaving only fifteen of the recorded issued notes, twelve $5 and three $10,

The limited number of the notes available highlights the nature of the problems involved in classifying them and studying the history of their production and issue. There were an estimated 1,000,000 notes of the range covered by this study issued in Hong Kong. I have been able to record only forty-nine issued notes (i.e. about 0.005%), and the random nature of their survival (there are no issued $500 notes recorded, for example) means that such a number can hardly be described as a representative sample. The other 112 notes are far more useful for classification, because, as printer's specimens and proofs, their survival has been more intentional and systematic. An almost complete record of the plate-making and printing activities of the printer can be reconstructed from the specimens and proofs, but they lack the important additions of information available from issued examples. The process of issue required the printer to add various elements to each note by letterpress. In separate processes the printer would add the serial number, and after 1884 the signature of the Bank's Chief Manager, and from 1888 to 1893 the date of first issue. From 1893 (1891 for $5 notes) the date was added at an earlier stage as part of the main printing plate and so also appeared on specimen notes. At the place of issue each note had handwritten additions made. Initially these were the signatures of

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steel roller, then hardening the roller in order to transfer the original design onto a softened steel plate, which would be hardened before further use for printing or to retransfer the design to another roller in the same way. The design on the roller was raised above the surface and parts of it could therefore be erased to create a smooth level surface; once transferred back on to a flat plate this erased area could again be decorated with a new engraved design cut into its level surface, while the rest of the design remained unaltered.

surviving from circulation. The registers show exactly how many notes the Bank put into circulation, but there is no indication of the varieties of notes being issued. It is therefore necessary to return to the relatively small number of recorded surviving issued notes and specimens in order to try to match the issue registers with the activities of the printer on behalf of the Bank. The first step was to arrange the notes by denomination and then place them in sequence by date and serial number. The dates could appear in four diﬀerent forms: added by hand to issued notes, printed on issued notes by letterpress, printed on the notes as part of the main printing plate, and written onto the edge of the note as a printer's annotation. Then each note was compared with the notes before and after it in the sequence in order to identify any observable changes in the details of the printing plate and the added elements.

This process was repeatedly used by the pr inters as prog ressive design changes were required by the Hongkong Bank. The nature of these changes provides evidence for the sequence of designs. General observation of the notes readily identifies major changes, such as in the colour of the inks used, in the name of the Bank, in the form of the overprint, and so on, but the examination of the minute details gives a clearer record of the printers' activities on the Bank's behalf. Once a general picture of these changes is obtained, then the specimen notes without dates or numbers and issued notes in damaged condition can easily be placed in the sequence.

This process of compar ison showed that there were regular changes of details, but these were not accompanied by complete change of the rest of the design. For example, the change from phase I to phase II involved only the elements relating to the Bank's name. For all recorded examples this just meant changing the inscription in the central panel from 'THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI COMPANY, LIMITED' to 'THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI CORPORATION'. Alter ing the inscr iption also disturbed the background pattern for the central panel and so a new background had to be engraved. Instead of the original wave pattern, a zigzag pattern made up of staggered repetitions of the denomination in words was used. Examination of the notes showed that the remaining details were unchanged. This change could not have been achieved by re-engraving the steel printing plates already in use, because the design to be changed was cut into the surface of the steel plate. The only way it could have been done was for a positive impression of the plate to be made and the central panel erased, then this altered impression used to impress a new printing plate which could then be engraved with the new version of the central panel. This could be done using a process developed earlier in the nineteenth century by the American inventor Jacob Perkins. This process involved transferring the design from an engraved hardened steel printing plate by pressure onto a softened

FEATURES

The tables presented here show the results achieved by this examination. The phases reflect easily observable major changes, as indicated above, and the varieties within each phase represent the intentional changes resulting from the production of new printing plates or new added features such as printed signatures (the nature of the changes are indicated in the table). New plates and changes in added features were normally made in response to requests by the Bank, but in some cases new slightly modified plates were made when the previous plate had worn out (for example, see the varieties of $5 plates for phase III). The modifications were apparently necessary to rework worn areas of the design which did not transfer eﬀectively in the plate to roller to plate process described above. During the period covered by this study only one completely new plate had to be made, for the $5 denomination in 1893 (used from phase IXc). The tabulation of the material serves to allay one doubt which could be raised over the nature of the surviving printer's specimens from Eric Powell's sample books. It is a possibility that specimens could have been printed from

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to attribute precisely all the undated specimens which have survived. This information also brings out further insights into note production and use. The recorded serial numbers and the Issue Registers help to give an overview of the rate of note issue, which can be compared with reports of the volume of notes in circulation contained in the official government records. The Hong Kong Government Annual Blue Books report annual figures for the total value of the Bank's notes in circulation, rising from about $800,000 by the end of 1865 to about $1,700,000 by the end of 1880, about $3,400,000 by the end of 1890 and about $7,500,000 at the end of 1899. In order to achieve this level of usage, production had to grow at an increasingly higher rate. By 1890 the Bank had issued about $10,000,000 worth of notes (i.e. about three times the amount in use), while by 1899 it had issued $56,000,000 (i.e. about seven-and-a-half times the amount in use. The rapid increase in note use during the last decade of the century was achieved by a huge increase in the issue of notes at a rate far in excess of the number staying in circulation. More detailed study of the Issue Registers would further refine the information derived in this way on the apparatus of the growth of money supply in late nineteenth-century Hong Kong.

stock plates all at one go to make up the sample books, but the exact coincidence of printing plates between hand-dated specimens and issued notes of the same date confirm that the specimens were printed at the time of issue and later collected for the sample books. This is also confirmed by the changing but consistent pattern of the use of the printer's perforated cancellation punch, normally applied once only until 1889 (twice on $500 specimens), four times from 1890, except three times in early 1893 and early 1897 and twice in 1898. The survival of the notes from the sample book has consolidated the results of the process of classification, but the Issue Registers and printer's archive material are necessary to fill some gaps. For example, the Issue Registers confirm the delivery of phase I $10 notes to the Bank and their use at Fuzhou in 1867, even though no examples have been seen. The dating of phase IIIa notes to 1878, although they are known only from specimens, is based on the record of paper use at Barclay & Fry during 1877-9, surviving in William Barrett's collection (this document incidentally reveals the reason for the single cut end of the notes of this period, because twice as many notes were printed as pieces of paper used, suggesting that each piece of paper was cut in two). Another document in the same collection gives the date at which Barclay & Fry took over the business of the previous printer, Ashby. This document is a letter from the printer to the Bank concerning a note thought to be a forgery, but proving to be a genuine note with a printing error. The letter refers to the printing of the note (phase IIa $50 note issued in 1870) in 1867, its delivery in 1867 as part of a batch of 5,000 notes, and the acquisition of Ashby in 1870. The note has survived with the letter, and is the second oldest surviving issued note of the Bank. The third oldest issued note survived for the same reason; it was in the private collection of the Solicitor General of Hong Kong, identified as a forgery because of its lack of the usual watermark. Its authenticity is now confirmed by comparison of the printing plate with surviving specimens, and the lack of watermark was admitted as an observed error by the paper supplier during the first decade of note production in the letter in William Barrett's collection.

The study of the serial numbers and dates of printing in relation to the process of plate change also yields interesting results. For example, the g rowth in the demand for the Bank's notes is reflected in an acceleration in the rate of plate replacement. Thus in the period 1865-75 only two front plates were used to print $5 notes, for 1876-85 four plates, and for 1886-95 seven plates. In the case of the $5 denomination it is also possible to compare the number of plates against the number of notes and show that each plate was used to print about 40,000-50,000 notes. Similar comparisons for the other denominations show 25,000 for $10, 13,750 for $25, 11,000 for $50, 5,000 for $100, 3,000 for $500. This shows that the replacement of plates for the $5 denomination could occasionally be caused by the printing plate being worn out, but that plate replacement for higher denominations was more dependent upon changes requested by the Bank, because production levels did not exhaust the potential of the printing plates. Research on the contemporary $1 notes supports this. The record of paper use at Barclay & Fry during 1877-9 mentioned above states that 300,000 $1 notes were

The creation of these tables makes it possible to document the record of the Bank's note production, and

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printed during the same period as 50,000 $5 notes were produced. The printer was using six separate printing plates for $1 notes at the same time as printing plate Ic (phase IIIa) was being used to print the 50,000 $5 notes. Much is learnt from this exercise about the productivity of Barclay & Fry during this period.

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in understanding the history of paper money. During the nineteenth century British printers and the commercial banks of the British world who were their customers played a key role in the establishment of paper money as a commonplace element of social intercourse world wide. The surviving examples of the notes they printed and issued merit close attention as important historical evidence for this key element in the development of modern money.

There are many more pieces of information to be extracted as a result of this study. It provides a framework for attributing newly discovered notes, and for continuing the process of exploring the history of banknote printing, production and use in the nineteenth century. My intention here was not to answer all the questions, but to show how much information can be gained from such a small sample, and how valuable archival material can be

(This article was previously published in Virginia Hewitt(editor) The Banker's Art-Studies in Papr Money , British Museum Press, London,1995, pp. 64-83. All images courtesy of William Barrett.)

Acknowledgements I would like to thank William Barrett both for making available to me much of the material on which this study has been based, and especially for his generous contributions of encouragement, insights, advice and resources. Thanks are also due to the following who have freely made material available: Stuart Muirhead, former archivist of the Hongkong Bank Group, my mentor during the production of Money in the Bank ; the former archivist Margaret Lee; Edwin Green and Sarah Kinsey of the Midland Bank Archives; the late Mark Blackburn of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; and James Morton of Sotheby, London. I have also relied heavily on the support and encouragement of my former colleagues Virginia Hewitt, Helen Wang, Andrew Burnett, Annette Calton and Tony Hughes; I thank them. I am also grateful to the encouragement of my colleague at Hebei Normal University Professor Dai Jianbing to republish this article and to Nan Fang, the translator of this article into Chinese.

About Joe Cribb： Joe Cribb, Adjunct Professor of Numismatics, Hebei Normal University, China, is a specialist in the monetary history of Asia. He retired in 2010 as the Head (Keeper) of the British Museum's Department of Coins and Medals, where he had worked as a curator of Asian currencies for forty years. He is a trustee of the Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge, and an Honorary Research Associate of the Heberden Coin Room, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. He is a former President of the Royal Numismatic Society and a former Secretary General of the Oriental Numismatic Society. He has published catalogues on the Chinese money ingots in the British Museum, the currency collection of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, the Javanese coin charms in the British Museum and the Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian and Kidarite Hun coins in the American Numismatic Society, New York. He has also published introductory books on coins, such as From Cowrie Shells to Credit Cards 1986 and The Coin Atlas 1990, and many articles on Asian coins and numismatic practice. His current research is focused on the ancient coinages of Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India and Bangladesh. He is currently preparing for publication, with Robert Bracey, a catalogue of Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian and Kidarite Hun coins in the British Museum.

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Tables Specimens are sample notes made by the printers to demonstrate their products. Words in inverted commas are manuscript notes on specimens. Words in italics are printed on the notes. la, 1b, 1c, etc., are my numbers for the main printing plates of the obverse designs recorded in this study.

Phase I: Ashby Black With Blue Company Notes

fig. 1 Phase I, $5 specimen not (1865), plate 1a, black with blue overprint

Bank Title: The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Company, Limited.

Printer's Mark: Engraved on Steel by Ashby & Co. London (with E.C. added on $10 and $50) . Central Panel: Wave pattern . Colours: Fronts: all denominations are black, with blue overprint; backs: each denomination a diﬀerent colour ($5

green; $10 red; $25 orange; $50 black; $100 red; $500 black); numbers are added by letterpress in black. TABLE 1

Phase Date 1865

$10

$25

$50

$100

$500

1a Specimen x1

1a not seen

1a Specimen x1 （front only） 1a [Phase I notes Issued at Yokohama]

1a Forgery x 1

1a Specimen x1 （back only）

1866

1867

1a [Phase I notes Issued at Fuzhou]

※The Issue Registers (in the Archives of HSBC Holdings plc) show that the first notes printed for the Bank were

delivered from June 1865 until January 1866, dispatched by the printer Ashby & Co. in small batches. They were issued until the phase II notes arrived. 84

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Phase II: Ashby black with blue Corporation notes (from 1870 signed 'Ashby', but printed by Barclay & Fry)

fig. 2 Phase IIa, $50 issued note dated 1 June 1870, plate 1b, black with blue overprint

As phase I, with the following exceptions:

Bank Title: The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation. Central panel: Zigzag pattern composed of staggered lines with denomination in words. Variations: a with oﬃcers' titles Accountant and Manager ; b with oﬃcers' titles Accountant and Chief Manager. The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Sample set for phase IIa containing all denominations except $500 (all perforated CANCELLED x 1). Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Money Collection contains:

Sample set for phase IIa containing all denominations except $100 (all with oval stamp JUL 16 1877 CANCELLED); Sample set for phase IIb containing all denominations except $5 (all with oval stamp SEP 4 1877 CANCELLED). TABLE 2

Phase Date 1867

IIa

$10

$25

$50

$100

$500

1b Specimen x3 + Issued x1

1b Specimen x2

1b Specimen x2 + Proof x1

1b Specimen x1

1868 1869 1870

1b Issued x1

1871 1872 1873

IIb

1c Specimen x1 1c Specimen x1 1c Specimen x1 1c Specimen x1 1c Specimen x1

1874 1875 1876 1877

1c Issued x1

※IIa: The change from Company to Corporation took place in December 1866, but the change was already

anticipated in the instructions to the printers, who, according to a letter in Barrett's collection, sent proofs of phase IIa notes to the Bank from April 1866. An issued example shows that $5 notes were available for issue on I January 1867. The letter in Barrett's collection mentions the arrival of $50 notes later the same month. IIb： The Manager became Chief Manager in 1868, but phase IIb notes reflecting this change of title were not

available until 1872, when $1 notes showing this characteristic were issued. It is probable that the printer received the instruction to print these well before 1872, because the new printing plates for the $1 notes had the name of Ashby engraved on them while according to Barrett's letter Barclay & Fry had bought out Ashby in April 1870. J

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Phase III: 'Ashby' coloured notes (printed by Barclay & Fry)

fig. 3 Phase IIIa, $25 specimen note (1878), plate 1c, brown with red overprint

As Phase IIb, with the following exceptions: Printed signature of Chief Manager introduced on last variety of this phase.

Colours: Fronts: each denomination a diﬀerent colour ($5 green; $10 blue; $25 brown; $50 purple; $100 red; $500

red); with contrasting overprints (red for $5, $10, $25, $50, blue for $100 and green for $500); backs: all denominations red; printed signatures added in black on some notes. Variations: a as notes of phase IIb; b new printing plate (arms and central panel changed); c new printing plate (arms, border and corner motifs changed); d new printing plate (lines for signatures removed, central panel changed); Chief Manager's printed signature T Jackson . The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Sample set for phase IIIa containing all denominations except $100 (all perforated CANCELLED xl, except $500x2). TABLE 3

Phase Date 1878

IIIa

$10

$25

$50

$100

$500

1c Specimen x2

1c Specimen x1

1c Specimen x2

1d Specimen x2

1c not seen

1c Specimen x2

1879 1880

IIIb IIIc

IIId

1881 1882 1883

1884

1d Issued x2 1d Issued x3 1e Issued x1 1d Issued x1 1c [Phase IIIa [Phase IIIa notes Issued at notes Issued at Fuzhou] Fuzhou]

1f Issued x4

※IIIa-c: This phase merely involved changes in colour, not design (except that a new plate was made for the $50

denomination). The phase is dated by the printer's record of paper use during 1877-9 in Barrett's collection.Variations b and c represent the replacement of worn-out $5 printing plates. IIId: The first use of a printed Chief Manager's signature, a feature already used on $1 notes from 1872.

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Phase IV: Barclay & Fry coloured notes (printed by Barclay & Fry)

As phase III, with the following exceptions: No $5 notes (see phase VIa for contemporary issues of this denomination) ; No printed signatures. Printer's mark: Engraved on Steel by Barclay & Fry, London . Oﬃcers' titles: ChiefAccountant and Chief Manager . The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Sample set for phase IVa containing $10, $50, $100 and $500 (all dated '1884' and perforated CANCELLED x I except $500 x 2).

TABLE 4

Phase Date

1884

$10

$25

$50

$100

$500

1d Specimen x1

1d Not seen

1e Specimen x1

1d Specimen x1

1885

1886

see VIa

1887 1888

1d Issued x2

1d Issued x1

1889

1d Issued x1

※The name of the printer is changed to Barclay & Fry, who had been printing the notes since April 1870. Otherwise

the notes are the same as those printed for phase III. The phase is dated from manuscript dates on specimens.

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Phase V: Barclay & Fry 'Wayfoong' $10-$500 notes

fig. 4 Phase Vb, $10 issued note dated 1March 1890, plate 1e, blue with red overprint

As phase IV, with the following exceptions: No $5 notes (see phases VIb-c and VII for contemporary issues of this denomination); $25 denomination abandoned because of forgeries; Changes in Chinese inscriptions Denomination overprint in new form (cartouche); Printed signatures introduced for Chief Manager (used on $5 since phase IIId). Colour: Dates and printed signatures added by letterpress [lp] in black. Variations: a Chinese character in Bank's name changed (li becomes feng ); Chief Manager's printed signature T

Jackson ; b Chinese character meaning dollar (yuan ) with changed form; Chief Manager's printed signature G.E. Noble. The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Sample set for phase Va containing $50, $100 and $500 (all dated '1888' and perforated CANCELLED x1, except $500 x2); Sample set for phase Vb containing $10 and $100 (all dated '1889' and perforated CANCELLED x3, except $10 x 1), together with a $5 of phase VIIa.

TABLE 5

Phase Date Va

1888

see VIb-c

1889

see VIIa

1890

$10

$50

$100

1e Specimen x2

1g Specimen x1

1e Specimen x2 +Issued x1 1f Specimen x2

1e Issued x4 1.3.90[lp]

1g Issued x1 2.1.90[lp]

1f Issued x1 2.1.90[p]

1f Specimen x2

$500 1e Specimen x2

※A new design was introduced, with a new style of overprint and the Chinese name of the Bank changed from Waylee

(Huili = remittance) to Wayfoong (Huifeng = abundance of remittances). This name had been in use on the Bank's Shanghai notes since 1865. The new overprint was in the form of a cartouche containing the denomination, a feature already used on Shanghai notes since 1885, and Hiogo-Kobe and Singapore notes since 1886. Printed Chief Manager's signatures became standard from this issue (except on subsequent $500 notes). The varieties are distinguished by diﬀerent signatures and dated by manuscript dates on specimens. Letterpress dates were introduced in phase Vb.

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Phase VI: Barclay & Fry two-colour $5 notes

fig. 5 Phase VIa, $5 proof annotated 'Nov 1886', plate 1g, blue with yellow overprint

As phase V, with the following exceptions: $5 notes only (see phases IV and Va for contemporary issues of other denominations). Central panel: The denomination is engraved in voided capitals.

Colours: The overprint is yellow and does not indicate denomination, but fills the voided letters and the field of the

note's main design. Variations: a without printed signature (proof dated '1886' by hand) b Chief Manager's printed signature T Jackson .

TABLE 6

Phase Date VIa

VIb

1886

$10

$50

$100

$500

1g Proof x2

see IVa

see Va

1887

1888

1h Specimen x1 +Colour trial x6 1i Issued x1 31.12.88[lp]

※This is the first use of full two-colour notes by the Bank. At first used only for $5 notes, this new design was extended

to higher denominations from 1890 (phase VIII) and to Shanghai notes from 1889. From this phase all $5 notes also have their denomination engraved in large voided capital letters across the central panel, copying a design used on the Bank's Penang notes from 1885 (the innovation of a diﬀerent printer). Variations are distinguished by signature on VIb and dated by an issued note and the manuscript date on a specimen.

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Phase VII: Barclay & Fry two-colour 'Wayfoong' $5 notes

fig. 6 Phase VIIa, $5 specimen note, annotated '1889', plate 1j, green with yellow overprint

As phase VI, with the following exceptions: $5 notes only (see phases Vb and VIIIa for contemporary issues of other denominations). Changes in Chinese inscription: character in Bank's name changed (li becomes feng ); character meaning dollar (yuan ) with changed form. Variations: a new zigzag pattern on central panel; Chief Manager's signature GE Noble; b without printed signature; c ____ 18__ for date recut; Chief Manager's signature F de Bovis . The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Samples for $5 notes of phases VIIa (dated '1889' and perforated CANCELLED xl), VIIb (dated '1890' and perforated CANCELLED xl), and VIIc (dated 'Jany 1893' and perforated CANCELLED x3).

TABLE 7

階段

Date

$10

$50

$100

$500

1889

1j Specimen x2 +Issued x1 1.12.89[lp]

see Vb

see VIIIa

VIIa

1890

VIIb

1j Issued x1 2.1.90[lp] 1j Specimen x1

1891

see VIIIa

see IXa

1892

VIIc

1893

1l Specimen x2 +Issued x2 4.1.93[lp]

see VIIIb

※This phase saw the extension of the new Chinese name (see phase V) to the $5 denomination. Varieties are

distinguished by changing printed signatures and dated by both issued notes and manuscript dates on specimens. The omission of the signature on phase VIIb was the consequence of a period of indecision by the Bank over who to appoint as its next Chief Manager (Thomas Jackson, a former Chief Manager, served as a stopgap during 1890).

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Phase VIII Barclay & Fry two-colour $10 - $500 notes

fig. 7 Phase VIIIa, $100 specimen note, annotated '1890', plate 1f, red with blue overprint

As phase V, with the following exceptions: No $5 notes (see phases VIIb-c and IXa for contemporary issues of this denomination); The overprint is no longer the denomination, but fills the field of the main design. Colours (phases VIII and X): Each denomination has a diﬀerent colour for the main plate and a contrasting colour for the filler overprint ($10 blue with red overprint; $50 purple with orange overprint; $100 red with blue overprint; $500 red with green overprint (these denominations now match the colour scheme of the $5 green with yellow overprint)). Variations: a without printed signature; b Chief Manager's printed signature F de Bovis. The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Sample set for phase VIIIa containing $10, $100 and $500 (all dated '1890' and perforated CANCELLED x4, except $100 x3), together with a $5 of phase VIIb;Sample for $10 of phase VIIIb (dated 'Jany 1893' and perforated CANCELLED x3).

TABLE 8

Phase Date

$10

$50

$100

$500

1890

see VIIb

1e Specimen x2 +Issued x1 15.12.90[lp]

see IVa

1f Specimen x2

1e Specimen x2

1891

see IXa

1e Specimen x1

1h Specimen x1 +Proof x1

see Va

VIIIa

1892

VIIIb

1893

see VIIc

※The full two-colour design, introduced for $5 notes in phase VI, was applied to higher denominations.

Varieties were distinguished in the same way as on the notes of phase VII and dated by manuscript dates on specimens.

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Phase IX Barclay & Fry printed date $5 notes

fig. 8 Phase IXe, $5 issued note dated 1 September 1893, plate 2a, green with yellow overprint

As phase VII, with the following exceptions: $5 notes only (see phases VIII and X for contemporary issues of other denominations) Dates printed as part of the main design, engraved on the main plate. Variations: a dated 2nd January 1891 ; without printed signature; b dated 1st April 1893 ; Chief Manager's printed signature F de Bovis ; c new version of main design; dated 1st September 1893 ; Chief Manager's printed signature T Jackson ; d dated 1st March 1896; e dated 1st March 1897; f dated 1st September 1897 ; g dated 1st March 1898 . The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Samples of $5 notes for phase IXa, b and f (perforated CANCELLED x4); Samples of $5 notes for phase lXd, e and g in sets with phase X notes (see below).

Phase X Barclay & Fry printed date $10 - $500 notes

fig. 9 Phase X, $500 specimen note dated 1 March 1897, plate 1h, red with green overprint 92

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As phase VIII, with the following exceptions: No $5 notes (see phase IX for contemporary issues of this denomination); Dates printed as part of the main design, engraved on the main plate $500 retains earlier version of Chinese character for dollar (yuan) and lacks printed signature. Variations: a dated 1st April 1893 ; Chief Manager's printed signature F de Bovis ; b dated 1st September 1893 ; Chief Manager's printed signature T Jackson ; c dated 1st January 1895 ; d dated 1st March 1896 ; e dated 1st March 1897 ; f dated 1st September 1897 g dated 1st March 1898 . The Barclay & Fry Sample Books of Mr Eric Powell contained:

Samples of $10 notes for phase Xa (perforated CANCELLED x3) and f (perforated CANCELLED x4); Sample of $100 note for phase Xb (perforated CANCELLED x4); Sample of $500 note for phase Xe (perforated CANCELLED x4); Sample set for phases lXd and Xd containing $5, $10, $100 and $500 (perforated CANCELLED x4); Sample set for phases IXe and Xe containing $5, $10, $100 and $500 (perforated CANCELLED x3); Sample set for phases IXg and Xg containing $5, $10 and $50 (perforated CANCELLED x2).

TABLE 9

Phase IXa

Date

1891

1k Specimen x1+Issued x1

$10

$50

$100

$500

1892

IXb/Xa 1893

IXc/Xb

1m Specimen x2+Issued x1

1f Specimen x2+Issued x3

2a Issued x2

1g Specimen x2 +Issued x2

1894

- /Xc

1895

IXd/Xd

1896

2b Specimen x1

1g Specimen x2+Issued x1

IXe/Xe

1897

2c Specimen x2

1h Specimen x3

2d Specimen x2+Issued x1

1i Specimen x4+Issued x1 1j Specimen x3+Issued x2 +Forgery x1

IXf/Xf

IXg/Xg

1898

2e Specimen x3+Issued x2

1i Specimen x1+Issued x1

1h Specimen x1 +Issued x1

1f Specimen x1

1i Specimen x3

1g Specimen x3

1j Specimen x2

1h Specimen x2

1j Specimen x4+Issued x1

※The innovations of phases VII and VIII were continued, but with printed dates added as part of the main design.

Varieties are distinguished and dated by their changing dates. Increasing volume of issue during the last decade of the century enabled the Bank to predict more accurately when the next issue was needed and the quantity of notes of each denomination needed for it, so the dating of notes at printing became more convenient. These phases represent the end of Barclay & Fry's work for the Bank's Hong Kong Oﬃce. A specimen $100 note for Hong Kong printed in 1888 by Bradbury & Wilkinson, using new plate-making technology, suggests that the Bank had already been considering terminating the contract for several years.

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香港上海匯豐銀行紙幣分類研究（1865-1898） ◎ 喬·克裏布乔·克里布〔英國〕〔英国〕

南方译 / 戴建兵校﹝河北师范大学﹞ 南方譯戴建兵校﹝河北師範大學﹞

2020年度國家社科基金重大招標項目 “ 英國藏匯豐銀行涉華檔案整理與研究（ 1865-1949） ” （項目批准號： 20&ZD234）

這篇論文的緣起可以追溯到 1986 年，當時有人正要求我寫

都在銀行的收藏中）。這些都是銀行在那段時期發行紙幣的

一篇關於香港上海匯豐銀行紙幣收藏的插圖介紹。收藏的主

有用佐證，但並不直接相關。馬奧的《中國紙幣史》（History

要部分是銀行自己發行的紙幣。匯豐銀行從 1865 年成立至

of Chinese Paper Currency ）一書則長篇大論，但注釋說

今，一直是香港最重要的紙幣發行機構。它在中國、日本和

明糟糕至極（少數在其他地方根本見不到），毫無幫助，間

馬來西亞的分支機構也曾發行紙幣。雖然收藏量很大，好在

或有一些沒什麼信息含量的評論。史密斯、皮克和蘭姆的

有一份列印的紙幣目錄（由銀行檔案部提供）和一套收藏品

目錄清單倒是提供了一些有用的數據、簡短的描述和插圖，

的影印本（由威廉·巴雷特提供）助力，我便開始試圖瞭解

但沒有明確說明紙幣發行的過程。他們都按照面額和日期順

這家銀行作為紙幣發行者的豐富的活動歷史。

序記錄了作者看到的紙幣，但沒有對我即將完成的任務提出解決方案。

我的第一反應是尋找有關這個主題的已有出版物，但除

了以下之外沒什麼發現：朱迪斯· 瑟爾（Judith Sear）曾

綜上所述，我不得不從最基礎開始做起，所以我把所掌握

發短文探討過匯豐銀行的一些不尋常問題，以及史密斯

的銀行收藏內容與馬奧、史密斯、皮克、蘭姆已出版的一

(W.D.Smith) 和馬特拉弗斯 (Maltravers)、馬奧 (K.O.Mao)、

些成果結合起來，想看看能從紙幣方面找到什麼發現。同

蘭姆 (R.Lam) 的目錄清單和皮克 (A.Pick) 的《世界紙幣標

時，還在我的材料中添加了部分私人收藏（來自威廉·巴雷

準目錄》(Standard Catalog of World Paper Money )。瑟爾

特 William Barrett）的影印鈔票。通過這種方式，我收集到

的文章只提到了與本文主題相關的兩種紙幣，這兩種紙幣都

了大量銀行發行紙幣的細節，正是從這些紙幣本身，連同銀

是例外（一個是 1866 年在橫濱分行發行的 1865 年香港紙幣；

行和收藏家提供給我的一些書面證據，我獲得了所需要的信

另一份是 1888 年銀行業務招標的印刷商所做的試票，兩種

息，得以重述匯豐銀行紙幣的生產和發行概況。本文僅對匯

（本文曾發表於佛吉尼亞·休伊特（主編）的《銀行家的藝術⸺ 紙幣研究》，大英博物館出版社，倫敦， 1995年，第 64-83頁。所有圖片均由威廉·巴雷特提供。） J

2 4

專題

FEATURES

豐銀行在 1865 年至 1898 年期間發行的紙幣進行研究，但

紙幣的設計不同，因此，雖然 5 元面值紙幣的生產與其他

1872 年發行的 1 港元紙幣除外，因為它們值得單獨對待（我

面值紙幣的生產是平行的，但 5 元面值紙幣的品種也會按

希望在未來可以有機會呈現）。

不同階段列出。

文中還闡述了我在對這些紙幣進行分類時使用的方法，以證

分類的第一步是收集盡可能多的紙幣細節。當我完成 1987

明分類是研究紙幣的核心路径，也可作為理解紙幣本身歷

年那本書的工作時，還沒掌握巴克利 & 弗萊伊樣本的資料，

史、發行銀行及其貨幣活動歷史和紙幣發行歷史的一種手

所以本研究在此基礎上對 1987 年提出的分類進一步完善。

段。我採用的分類基本框架在所有目錄列表中都有使用，皮

從那以後，我也花了更多的時間，通過直接研究威廉·巴雷

克和蘭姆的分類就是最好的例子，但我的目的是更深入地研

特收藏的樣本（包括埃裏克·鮑威爾的樣書）來觀察變化過程，

究分類標準，不僅是為收集和評估票據提供指南，而且也意

這為分類增加了更多的細節。在上述範圍內，本研究記錄了

在編製一個框架，闡明紙幣承載信息的重要性，因為紙幣本

161 張紙幣。除了這些，我還納入了三種當時的偽鈔和四種

身就是歷史文獻。

為香港發行但分支機構超額印刷了的紙鈔。蘭姆還列出了多達七種紙幣，但由於缺乏報告的信息或可能是錯誤的識別

大多數紙幣屬於現代歷史研究範疇，而現存的文獻往往會掩

而無法囊括在內。

蓋當代實物本身作為最初證據的重要性。事實上，印刷商和銀行檔案不斷流失和銷毀，倖存下來的紙幣逐漸變成了證明

現有的紙幣數量有限，突出說明了對紙幣進行分類，研究其

自己生產和發行的最直接、信息量最大的證據。本文所選案

製作和發行歷史所涉及的問題所在。本研究涵蓋範圍內在香

例就是一個很好的例子。匯豐銀行一直致力於保護自己的歷

港發行的紙幣估計有 1 000 000 張。我只記錄了 49 張已經

史，其檔案至今基本完好無損（僅因戰爭和革命的環境而受

發行的鈔票（大約 0.005%），它們保存下來的隨機性（例

損），由於是香港官方貨幣的主要提供者，匯豐銀行的大部

如沒有 500 元的鈔票記錄）意味着這樣的數字很難成為一

分公共活動在英國政府的官方報告和檔案中都有記錄。然而，

個有代表性的數據樣本。

印刷公司巴克利 & 弗萊伊（Barclay&Fry）的檔案已經完全散失或銷毀。多虧了一位收藏家，一些散失的材料才得以重

其他 112 張紙幣（本研究記錄了 161 張，已發行 49 張）對

新復原，但也只是這批曾留存過的檔案中很小的一部分。

於分類來說更有用得多，它們作為印刷的樣本和證明，得到了更具目的性和系統性的保存。幾乎可以從樣本和樣張中重

此類損失過程的一個典型例子就是埃裏克·鮑威爾（Eric

建出印表機製版和印刷活動的完整記錄，但從已發行樣本找

Powell）先生的票樣冊，他是巴克利 & 弗萊伊在遠東的代

不到什麼重要的補充信息。製作過程要求印刷公司用凸版印

表。這本票樣冊於 1987 年 10 月 1 日在蘇富比倫敦拍賣行

刷的方法在每一張紙幣上添加各種元素。他們會通過單獨的

進行拍賣。由於票樣冊本身已經拆散，所以沒有出售。這些

步驟分別添加序列號，1884 年之後添加銀行總經理的簽名，

紙幣被分成幾批，賣給了出價最高的人，其中一些明顯反映

1888 年至 1893 年添加了首次發行的日期。從 1893 年（5

了票樣冊中紙幣的分組。1867 年至 1899 年，匯豐銀行在

元紙幣 1891 年發行）開始，日期添加步驟進一步提前，成

香港發行的全部紙幣票樣共有 49 張，分成二十五個批次，

為主要印版的一部分，因此才會出現在紙幣樣本上。每張紙

帶有簡短的描述，其中提到了顏色、面額和日期；關於紙幣

幣在發行地都會有手寫信息補充，最初是經理或總經理和會

的手稿注釋（主要是日期）也有涉及。然而，只有一張關於

計師或總會計師的簽名，以及第一次發行的日期。後來這些

紙幣單面的注解。幸運的是，49 張票樣中有 47 張被一位收

手寫內容逐漸被上面所列的印刷增簽所取代，但是所有紙幣

藏家買走了，作為這次調查的一部分，我對其中的大部分進行了研究。49 張票樣中有 5 張是 1 元面額的，因此本文內沒有涉及。其餘的 44 張票樣占研究過程中保存下來紙幣的 25%。如果紙幣在拍賣的過程中被拆散，那麼它們所提供的證據將不復存在。收藏家同樣對巴克利 & 弗萊伊印刷史持有興趣，這也使一些其他重要的信息得以保留，涉及匯豐銀行 1865 至 1898 年的紙幣，這些信息已被納入本研究。本研究的主要結果在這裏以表格的形式呈現，概述了紙幣製作在各個階段的時間進度。由於在第三階段之後，5 元面值 J

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按順序與前後的紙幣進行比較，以便識別印版細節的可視變化和新增元素。這一比較過程表明，細節有規律性的變化，但並沒有帶來其餘設計部分的完全改變。例如，從第一階段到第二階段的變化只與銀行名稱有關。對於所有記錄的例子來講，這只意味着把中央主圖版所刻英文字樣從“The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Company Limited”（香港上海銀行有限公司）改為“The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking 上還是會手寫添加（總）會計師的簽名，在本文研究的整個

Corporation”（香港上海銀行公司 )。更改字樣會打亂中央

階段，500 元紙幣仍然需要總經理簽名。實際出現的手寫簽

主版的背景圖案，所以必須刻一個新的背景。與原來的波浪

名通常不是指定官員所為，而是下屬代表。

圖案不同，這次使用了一種鋸齒形的圖案，面額交錯重複其中。細緻觀察紙幣會發現，其餘細節未變。這一變化不可能

已發行的紙幣在分類方面的實用性主要是基於上述補充信

通過重新雕刻已經使用的鋼板來實現，因為要改變的設計需

息，但此類紙幣比較稀有，此外，它們所能發揮的作用還有

要在鋼印版的表面切割出來。唯一的辦法就是在印版上留下

另一個局限：由於紙幣一直在流通，發行後的紙幣往往處於

一個正面的印痕，並擦除主圖版塊的原有印跡，然後把這個

劣化狀態。手工添加的細節可能已經褪色，難以辨認；印表

新的印痕刻在一個新的印版上，使新的中央主圖印版得以成

機墨水也會褪色，改變它們的（本來）預期顏色；紙幣的邊

型。這可以用美國發明家雅各布·帕金斯（Jacob Perkins）

角也可能被撕下來，而且在很多情況下，是在註銷時故意剪

在 19 世紀早期開發的一種方法來實現。這一過程需要通過

掉的。

壓力將設計從刻有硬化的鋼印版轉移到軟化的鋼輥上，然後淬火輥，目的是將最初的設計轉移到軟化鋼板，在進一步用

已發行紙幣上的附加信息，尤其是序列號和日期，對於理解

於印刷之前將其硬化，或以同樣的方式將設計重新轉移到另

銀行發行的紙幣順序至關重要，但如此有限的隨機樣本對於

一個輥子上。輥子上的設計是凸起的表面，因此它的部分可

重構完整的圖景來說作用極其微小。不過，就匯豐銀行案例

以擦除，用以形成一個光滑的水準表面；一旦轉移回平板上，

而言，令人欣慰的是該行檔案中保留有匯豐紙幣的發行紀

這塊被擦去的區域可以再次被雕刻在平面上，而其餘的設計

錄。該記錄採用銀行紙幣發行登記簿的形式，按序號列出銀

則保持不變。

行發行的紙幣。每打開一個登記簿顯示兩頁，每頁列出 250 種紙幣。每頁上列有香港辦事處簽署日期（名義上為首次發

匯豐銀行需要持續進行設計更改，因此印刷公司反復使用這

行日期）及實際發行日期。紙幣每 500 張簽署一次（即登

一程式。這些變化為設計的順序提供了證據。粗略觀察一下

記冊一個開口），每一頁的頂部有兩個簽字人的樣本。當每

這些紙幣，很容易就會發現明顯變化，例如油墨顏色的使用、

一張紙幣從流通中收回並由銀行付清時，註銷日期就會記錄

銀行的名稱、套印的形式等等，但是，微小細節的研究可以

在序列號相對的登記簿上。登記冊顯示，只有不到 1% 的已

更清楚地記錄代表銀行的印刷公司如何活動。一旦找到了這

發行紙幣未回流到銀行註銷。值得注意的是，倖存下來的

些變化的一般規律，那麼沒有日期或編號的紙幣標本和已損

已發行紙幣中有 34 張已回流銀行註銷（這兩批紙幣本應在

壞的紙幣也可以很容易地按順序放置。

1904 年和 1911 年注消，但卻由於不明原因得以保存下來），只剩下 15 張有記錄的發行紙幣，其中有 12 張 5 元和 3 張

這裏的列表顯示了本文對細節研究的結果。不同印鈔階段反

10 元面額的紙幣，從流通中存留下來。登記冊準確地顯示

映了上述容易觀察到的主要變化，每個階段內的品種代表了

了銀行投入流通的紙幣數量，但沒有表明發行的紙幣種類。

由於生產新印版或新增加的特徵（如印刷的簽名）而有意造

因此，為了使發行登記冊與代表銀行的印刷內容相匹配，有

成的改變（變化的性質見表中）。新增印版和新增特徵的變

必要回到現存為數不多的已發行紙幣和票樣上。

化通常是應銀行的要求作出，但在某些情況下，也會因為印版磨損而調整新版。（見第三階段 5 元版）。磨損區域的

第一步是按面額排列紙幣，然後按日期和序號順序排列。日

設計不能有效轉移到前述的鋼輥上，因此，對其進行修復是

期有四種不同的形式：手工添加到已發行的紙幣，已發行的

非常必要的。在本研究所涉期間，只有 1893 年的 5 元面值

紙幣上進行凸版印刷，作為主印版的一部分印在紙幣上，或

（第九階段 c 版 [IXc] 使用）是用了全新印版。

者作為印刷者的注釋寫在紙幣的邊緣處。然後，將每張紙幣 96

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這些材料列表有助於消除人們對埃裏克·鮑威爾票樣冊中現

速度大幅增加，從而實現了紙幣的流通。對發行登記冊更

存印刷手工票樣的質疑。有一種可能性是，票樣可以從庫存

詳細的研究將進一步細化 19 世紀末香港貨幣供應增長的信

版中一次性全部列印出來，以組成票樣冊，但是，手工票樣

息。研究印刷的序列號和日期與換版過程的關係也得到了有

的印版與同期發行的印版完全一致，這就證實了該票樣是在

趣的結果。例如，銀行紙幣需求的增長反映板塊置換率的加

發行時印刷的，並在發行後收為票樣冊。印表機穿孔衝床不

快。因此，在 1865 年至 1875 年期間，只有兩個前印版用

斷變化，但使用模式始終不變也證實了這一點。在 1889 年

於印製 5 元紙幣，1876-1885 年期間為四印版，1886-1895

之前通常使用一次（500 元的樣品上使用過兩次），1890

年為七印版。以面額 5 元為例，還可以將印版數量與紙幣

年以後開始使用四次，只在 1893 年初和 1897 年初使用過

數量進行比較，能看出每個印版印刷大約 40 000-50 000 張

三次，1898 年使用過兩次。

紙幣。其他面額紙幣的相關比較顯示，10 元面額印刷約 25 000 張，25 元面額 13 750 張，50 元面額 11 000 張，

票樣冊中紙幣的保存佐證了分類過程的結果，但還鬚髮行登

100 元面額 5 000 張，500 元面額 3 000 張。這表明，更換

記冊和印表機的存檔材料，用以填補一些空白。例如，儘管

5 元面額的印版有時可能是因為印版磨損，但更換更高面額

沒有看到過相關例子，但發行登記冊確認了第一階段的 10

的印版更多是取決於銀行要求，因為印鈔水準並不至於將印

元紙幣於 1867 年在福州交付並使用。第三階段 a 版（IIIa）

版損耗殆盡。對當下使用的 1 元紙幣的研究就說明了這一點。

段紙幣的日期確認為 1878 年，雖然只是從票樣冊中而來，

上面提到的巴克利 & 弗萊伊印刷公司在 1877-1879 年間的

但卻是基於威廉·巴雷特的收藏中 1877-1879 年在巴克利 &

用紙記錄表明，在同一時期印製了 300 000 張面值 1 元的

弗萊伊公司的用紙記錄（這份檔順便揭示了這一時期紙幣的

紙幣，50 000 張面值 5 元的紙幣。印表機使用 6 個單獨的

單一切割結束的原因，因為印刷的紙幣數量是所用紙張的兩

印版列印 1 元紙幣，同時使用第一階段 c 印版（Ic）（第三

倍，這意味著每張紙都被剪成了兩半）。收藏集中的另一份

階段 a 版）列印 50 000 張面值 5 元紙幣。從中可以窺見巴

檔給出了巴克利與弗萊伊接管前任印刷公司阿什比業務的

克利 & 弗萊伊公司在這段時期的印鈔概況。

日期。這份檔是印刷公司寫給銀行的一封信，涉及一張偽鈔，後來證實是有印刷錯誤的真鈔。信中提到了 1867 年印

這項研究的成果還有更多信息有待提煉，不過它已經為新發

刷這張紙幣的情況（1870 年發行的第二階段 a 版（IIa）50

現紙幣的歸屬和繼續探索 19 世紀紙幣印刷、生產和使用的

元紙幣），以及同年作為 5 000 張紙幣的一部分交付使用，

歷史提供了框架。我的目的不是回答所有的問題，而是要說

1870 年這張紙幣由阿什比收購，與這封信一起保存了下來，

明從這樣一個小樣本中可以獲得多少信息，以及檔案材料在

是這所銀行現存第二古老的紙幣。排在第三位的舊幣也是出

瞭解紙幣歷史方面有多大的價值。在 19 世紀，英國的印鈔

於同樣的原因才得以保存在香港總檢察長的私人收藏中，由

公司和英國的商業銀行，在建立紙幣這一普遍元素方面發揮

於缺乏通用的浮水印，被認定為是偽鈔。現在，通過將印版

了關鍵作用。他們印刷和發行的紙幣中留存下來的例子值得

與現存的標本進行比較，證實了它的真實性。在威廉·巴雷

密切關注，是現代貨幣發展關鍵因素的重要歷史證據。

致謝

特收藏的信中提到，在紙幣生產的頭十年中，紙張供應商承

我要感謝威廉·巴雷特為我提供了本研究所依據的大

認沒有浮水印是一個明顯的錯誤。

量資料，特別是他慷慨地提供給我鼓勵、見解、建議這些表格還使人們得以記錄銀行紙幣的生產過程，並將所有

和資源。感謝以下免費提供資料的人士：匯豐銀行集

保存下來的未注明日期的紙幣準確歸類。這一信息還為紙幣

團前檔案管理員斯圖爾特·穆爾海德，是我在撰寫《銀

的製作和使用提供了進一步啟示。記錄的序列號和發行登記

行財富》一書期間的導師，前檔案管理員的瑪格麗

冊有助於概述紙幣的發行率，這可以用來與官方政府記錄中

特·李；米德蘭銀行檔案館的埃德溫·格林和莎拉·金賽；

所載的流通紙幣數量的報告進行比較。《香港政府年度藍皮

已故的劍橋菲茨威廉博物館的馬克·布萊克本；倫敦

書》報告了銀行流通紙幣總值的年度數額，從 1865 年底約

蘇富比的詹姆斯·莫頓。我也非常感謝我曾經的同事

80 萬元增至 1880 年底約 17 萬元，1890 年底約 34 萬元，

維吉尼亞·休伊特、海倫·汪、安德魯·伯內特、安妮特·卡

1899 年底約 75 萬元。為了達到這一水準，印鈔速度必須

爾頓和托尼·休斯的支持和鼓勵；感謝他們。我還要

大幅提高。到 1890 年，銀行已經發行了大約 1 000 萬元價

感謝河北師範大學的同事戴建兵，對我重新發表這篇

值的紙幣（大約是使用金額的三倍），而到 1899 年，已經

文章的鼓勵，以及這篇文章的中文譯者南方（現任河

印發了 5 600 萬元（大約是使用數量的 7.5 倍）。

北師範大學外國語學院院長、教授）。

在 19 世紀的最後十年，紙幣的發行量以遠遠超過流通量的 J

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專欄

作者簡介：喬·克裏布，中國河北師範大學錢幣學兼職教授，亞洲貨幣史專家。他於 2010 年退休，曾是大英博物館錢幣和獎章部門主任（管理員），在那裏擔任亞洲貨幣策展人長達 40 年。克裏布教授是劍橋大學古印度和伊朗信託基金會受託人，也是牛津大學阿什莫林博物館希伯登錢幣室的名譽研究員。曾任皇家錢幣學會前主席和東方錢幣學會前秘書長。

已出版多種錢幣相關目錄，其中包括大英博物館藏中國元寶目錄、香港和上海銀行的貨幣收藏目錄、大英博物館的爪哇幣符以及紐約美國錢幣協會的貴霜、貴霜 - 薩珊和寄多羅匈人錢幣目錄。還出版了錢幣入門書籍，如《從貨貝到信用卡 1986》和《錢幣地圖 1990》，以及許多關於亞洲錢幣和錢幣學實踐的文章。

克裏布教授目前的研究重點是中亞、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度北部和孟加拉的古代錢幣。正與羅伯特·佈雷西一起準備出版大英博物館的貴霜、貴霜 - 薩珊和寄多羅匈人錢幣目錄。

列表 ① 樣本是印刷公司為展示其樣品而製作的樣本紙幣。 ② 帶倒逗號的單詞是標本上的手稿注釋。 ③ 斜體字印在便箋或取消郵票上。 ④ 1a、1b、1c 等，是我在這項研究中記錄的正面圖案主要印版的編號。

第一階段：阿什比公司黑底藍套紙幣

圖1 第一階段， 5元票樣（1865年）， 1a印版，黑色底板，藍色套印

銀行名稱：香港上海匯豐銀行有限公司

印刷商標：由倫敦阿什比公司（雕刻在鋼版上（10 元和 50 元加上 E.C.）中央主圖板塊：波浪圖案顏色：正面：所有面額為黑色，套印藍色；背面：每個面額有不同的顏色（5 元綠色；10 元紅色；25 元橙色；50 元黑色； 100 元紅色；500 元黑色）；數字用黑色活版印刷。（表1）

階段

日期

5 港元

10 港元

25 港元

1865

1a 樣品 x1

1a 未見

1a 樣品 x1（僅限正面）

1a 仿造 x 1

500 港元 1a 樣品 x1（僅限背面）

1a [ 階段 I 紙幣發行於橫濱 ]

1866 1867

50 港元 100 港元

1a [ 階段 I 紙幣發行於福州 ]

※發行登記簿（在匯豐控股有限公司的檔案中）顯示，從 1865 年 6 月到 1866 年 1 月，該銀行印製第一批紙幣，由印刷商阿什比公司小批量派送。它們一直發行到第二階段紙幣產出為止。 98

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COLUMN

第二階段:阿什比公司黑底藍套紙幣（1870 年起署名為“阿什比”，但由巴克利 & 弗萊伊印刷）

圖2 第二階段a版， 50元，發行日期1870年6月1日，1b印版，黑底，藍色套印

同第一階段，下列情況例外 :

銀行名稱 : 香港上海匯豐銀行中央主圖板塊 : 由字詞名稱交錯的線條組成鋸齒形圖案版本 : a 帶有官員頭銜會計師及經理 b 帶有官員頭銜會計和總經理埃裏克·鮑威爾先生的巴克利與弗萊伊藏品樣本包括 : 第 II 階段 a 樣版（IIa），包括除 500 元以外的所有面額（均每組 1 張打孔註銷）。匯豐銀行錢幣收藏包括 : 第 II 階段 a 樣版（IIa），包括所有面額（$100 元除外）（均附有橢圓形郵票圖樣，此圖樣於 1877 年 7 月 16 日註銷）。第 II 階段 b 樣版（IIb），包括所有面額（（$5 元除外）（均附有橢圓形郵票圖樣，已於 1877 年 9 月 4 日註銷）。（表2）

階段

日期

5 港元

10 港元

25 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

1867

1b 樣品 x3+ 發行 x1

1b 樣品 x2

1b 樣品 x2+ 校樣 x1

1b 樣品 x1

1c 樣品 x1

1868

IIa

1869 1870

1b 發行 x1

1871 1872 1873

IIb

1c 樣品 x1

1874 1875 1876 1877

1c 發行 x1

※第 II 階段 a 樣版（ IIa ）：匯豐銀行從有限公司到銀行的名稱變化發生在 1866 年 12 月，但顯然印刷商在接受指令的過程中已經提前預料到了這一點。巴雷特私人藏品中的一封信件表明，印刷商從 1866 年 4 月起就已經把 IIa 階段的紙幣憑證寄給了銀行。一個已發行紙幣樣例顯示， 1867 年 1 月 1 日的發行中包含 5 元紙幣。巴雷特信中還提到了同月晚些時候， 50 元紙幣交付。第 II 階段 b 樣版（ IIb ）： 1868 年，銀行經理改稱為銀行總經理，但是反映這一頭銜變化的第二階段紙幣直到 1872 年才開始流通，當時發行了具有這一特徵的 1 元紙幣。印刷商很可能在 1872 年之前就收到了印刷這些紙幣的指示，因為 1 元紙幣的新印版上刻有阿什比字樣，而根據巴雷特的信，巴克利 & 弗萊公司在 1870 年 4 月就已經收購了阿什比。 J

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專題

第三階段： “阿什比”彩色紙幣（由巴克利 & 弗萊伊印刷）

圖3 第三階段a版， 25元票樣（ 1878）， 1c印版，棕底，紅色套印

同第二階段 b 版，以下情況除外：

本階段最後一款產品引入了總經理印刷簽名。顏色 : 正面 : 每個面額有不同的顏色（5 元綠色；10 元藍色 ;25 元棕色；50 元紫色；100 元紅色 ;500 元紅色）；有對比性的套印（5 元、10 元、25 元、50 元為紅色，100 元為藍色，500 元為綠色）；背面：所有面額為紅色；一些紙幣上印有黑色簽名。版本 : a 同第二階段 b 版紙幣 b 新印版（徽章和中央主圖有變化） c 新印版（徽章、邊框和角型母題圖案更改） d 新印版（撤除了簽名線，更改了中央主圖板塊）；總經理印刷簽名為 T. 傑克遜埃裏克·鮑威爾先生收藏的巴克利與弗萊伊樣版包括 : 第三階段的樣版，包含所有面額（$100 元除外）（均每組 1 張打孔註銷，500 元每組 2 張打孔註銷）。（表3）

階段 IIIa

日期

5 港元

10 港元

25 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

1878

1c 樣品 x2

1c 樣品 x1

1c 樣品 x2

1d 樣品 x2

1c 未見

1c 樣品 x2

1879 1880

IIIb IIIc

1881

1d 發行 x2

1882

1d 發行 x3

1883

1e 發行 x1 1c[ 階段 IIIa

IIId

1884

1f 發行 x4

纸币發行于福州]

1d 發行 x1 [ 階段 IIIa 紙幣發行於福州]

※第三階段 a-c 版（IIIa-c ）：這一階段只涉及顏色而非設計上的變化（其中為 $50 元面額製作的新印版除外）。這個階段的日期確定是來源於巴雷特收藏的 1877-1879 年間印表機用紙記錄。印版 b 和 c 的新增是為了更換磨損的原 5 元印版。第三階段 d 版（IIId ）：在這一印版中首次使用總經理印刷簽名，從 1872 年開始， 1 元紙幣就已有此特點。

100

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第四階段（IV）:巴克利&弗萊伊彩色紙幣除以下例外情況，與第三階段相同：沒有 5 元紙幣（此面額當時發行情況請見第六階段 a 版 VIa）；沒有印刷簽名。印刷商標記：由倫敦巴克利 & 弗賴伊公司刻於鋼版。高級職員頭銜：總會計師、總經理埃裏克·鮑威爾先生收藏的巴克利 & 弗萊伊樣本中包括 : 第四階段 a 版（IVa）的樣版套裝，包含 10 元、50 元、100 元和 500 元面值（日期均為 1884 年，除 500 元每組 2 張外，均為每組 1 張打孔註銷。）（表4）

階段

日期

5 港元

1884

10 港元

25 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

樣品 x1

未見

樣品 x1

1885 1886

見 VIa

1887 1888

發行 x2

發行 x1

1889

發行 x1

※印刷商的名字改為巴克利 & 弗萊伊，從 1870 年 4 月開始印鈔。除這點外，此階段紙鈔與第三階段特徵相同。這個階段是從樣本的手稿日期推斷而來。

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第五階段（V）：巴克利&弗萊伊“匯豐” （Wayfoong）$10-$500面值紙幣

图4 第五階段b版， 10元纸币，1890年3月1日發行， 1e印版，蓝色，红色套印

同第四階段，以下情況例外 :

無 5 元面值紙幣（此面額當時發行情況見第 VIb-VIc 和第 VII 階段）；25 元面值因偽造而棄用。紙鈔上中文字樣有變化。新形式面額疊印（長方形邊框）。總經理印刷簽名（從第三階段開始在 5 元面額中使用）。顏色 : 日期和印刷簽名用黑色活版印刷添加。版本 : a 銀行名稱中的一個漢字發生了變化（“匯理”變成了“匯豐”）；總經理的印刷簽名為 T.Jackson（即托馬斯·傑克遜）； b 表示元（元）的漢字，形式有變化；總經理的印刷簽名為 G.E.Noble。埃裏克·鮑威爾先生巴克利 & 弗萊伊樣本藏品包括 : 第五階段 a 版（Va）的樣套，包含 50 元、100 元和 500 元（日期均為 1888 年，除 500 元面額每組 1 張外，其餘均每組 2 張打孔註銷。）第五階段 b 版（Vb）包含 10 元和 100 元的樣套（日期均為 1889 年，除 10 元面額每組 1 張外，其餘均每組 3 張打孔註銷），以及一個第七階段 a 版（VIIa）5 元的樣品。（表5）

階段 Va

日期 1888

1889

Vb 1890

5 港元

10 港元

50 港元 1f

見 VIb-c

見 VIIa

樣品 x2

100 港元 1e 樣品 x2

+ 發行 x1 1f

樣品 x2 1e

樣品 x1 1g

樣品 x2 1f

發行 x4

發行 x1

1.3.90[lp]

2.1.90[lp]

500 港元 1e 樣品 x2

※引入了新的設計，採用了新的套印風格，銀行的中文名稱從 Waylee（匯理，匯款之意）改為 Wayfoong（匯豐，匯款豐裕之意）。自 1865 年以來，匯理這一名字就一直在匯豐銀行在上海發行的紙幣上使用。新的套印是以包含面額的長方形邊框形式出現， 1885 年以後已在上海紙幣上使用， 1886 年以後在神戶和新加坡紙幣上使用。從本次發行開始，總經理印刷簽名成為標準（後續發行的 500 元紙幣例外）。不同版本紙幣通過不同的簽名來區分，並通過樣本上的手稿日期來確定發行時間。凸版日期是在第五階段 b 版（Vb）引入。

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第六階段（VI）:巴克利&弗萊伊雙色5元紙幣

圖5 第六階段a版， 5元校樣，注明 “1886年11月 ” ， 1g印版，綠色，黃色套印

同第五階段，以下情況例外 :

僅有 5 元面額（其他面額的當代發行情況請見第四階段和第五階段 a 版）。中央主圖版 : 面額刻為空心的大寫字母。顏色 : 套印為黃色，不顯示面額，但添加了空心字母和圖案主設計區。版本 : a 無印刷簽名（手寫證明日期為 1886）； b 總經理的印刷簽名為 T.Jackson。（表6）

階段 VIa

日期 1886

5 港元 1g 校樣 x2

10 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

見 IVa

見 Va

1887 1h 樣品 x1 + 顏色校正 x6

VIb

1888 1i 發行 x1 31.12.88[lp]

※這是該行首次使用全雙色鈔票。最初只用於 5 元的紙幣，這種新的設計從 1890 年（第八階段）擴展到更高的面值，從 1889 年擴展到了上海發行的紙幣。從這一階段開始，所有的 5 元紙幣面值都由中央主圖上刻有的大寫空心字母顯示，這一設計複製於此行從 1885 年開始使用的檳城紙幣（另一家印刷商的創新）。不同版本通過第六階段 b 版（ VIb ）上的簽名來區分，並通過發行的票據和樣本上的手稿日期來標注日期。

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第七階段（VII）：巴克利&弗萊伊雙色“匯豐”5元紙幣

圖6 第七階段a版， 5元樣張，注明“ 1889年” ， 1j印版，綠色，黃色套印

同第 VI 階段，以下情況除外：

只有 5 元紙幣（其他面額的發行情況見第五階段 b[Vb] 和第八階段 a 版 [VIIIa]）；中文字樣的變化：銀行名稱中的漢字改變（“理”變成“豐”）；表示元（元）的文字形式發生改變。版本： a 中央主圖版採用一種新的鋸齒形圖案；總經理簽名為 G.E. Noble； b 沒有印刷簽名； c 日期重訂為 ____18__；總經理簽名為 F. de Bovis。埃裏克·鮑威爾先生的巴克利 & 弗萊伊樣本包括：第八階段 a 版（VIIa）（日期：1889 年，每組 1 張打孔註銷）、第七階段 b 版（VIIb）（日期：1890 年，每組 1 張打孔註銷）和第七階段 c 版（VIIc）（日期：1893 年 1 月，每組 3 張打孔註銷）的 5 元紙幣樣本。（表7）

階段

日期

5 港元

10 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

見 Vb

見 VIIIa

1j 1889

樣品 x2+ 發行 x1 1.12.89[lp] 1j

VIIa

發行 x1 1890

VIIb

1891

2.1.90[lp] 1j

見 VIIIa

樣品 x1 見 IXa

1892 1l

VIIc

1893

樣品 x2+ 發行 x2

見 VIIIb

4.1.93[lp] ※這一階段將新的中文名稱（見第五階段）擴展到了 5 元面額。版本的區別在於印刷簽名的改變，其日期根據發行的紙幣和樣本上的手稿日期來標注。第七階段 b 版省略簽字是由於匯豐銀行曾在某一時期，對下一任總經理任命猶豫不決（前任總經理托馬斯·傑克遜在 1890 年間從事應該是代理總經理的意思吧？臨時助理工作）。 104

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第八階段（VIII）巴克利&弗萊伊雙色10元-500元面額紙幣

圖7 第八階段a版， 100元樣張，注明 “1890年” ， 1f印版，紅色，藍色套印

同第五階段，以下情況例外：

無 5 元紙幣（該面額的當代發行情況請見第七階段 b-c 版和第九階段 a 版）；套印不再只是面額，而是填補了圖案主要設計區。顏色（第八和第十階段）：每種面額的主版顏色不同，填充套印顏色對比鮮明（10 元藍底紅色套印；50 元紫底橙色套印； 100 元紅底藍色套印；500 元紅底綠色套印（這些面額現在匹配 5 元面額的綠底黃色套印配色方案））。版本： a 沒有印刷簽名； b 總經理印刷簽名為 F. de Bovis。埃裏克·鮑威爾先生的巴克利 & 弗萊伊樣本藏品包括： 10 元、100 元和 500 元面額的第八階段 a 版（VIIIa）樣套（日期均為“1890”，除 100 元為每組 3 張外，其餘為每組 4 張，打孔註銷），以及 5 元第七階段 b 版（VIIb）樣本。 10 元的第八階段 b 版樣品（日期為 1893 年 1 月，每組三張打孔註銷）。（表8）

階段

日期

5 港元

10 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

樣品 x2

見 Va

1e 1890

見 VIIb

VIIIa

樣品 x2

見 IVa

+ 發行 x1 15.12.90[lp]

1891

見 IXa

1892

VIIIb

1893

見 VIIc

1e 樣品 x1

樣品 x1+ 校樣 x1

※此時，第六階段 5 元紙幣採用的全雙色設計已用於面額較高的紙幣。版本的區分方式與第七階段相同，日期通過標本上的手稿日期來確定。

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第九階段（IX）帶有巴克利&弗萊伊印刷日期的5元紙幣

圖8 第九階段c版， 5元紙幣，1893年9月1日發行， 2a印版，綠底黃字

同第七階段，以下情況例外：

僅有 5 元紙幣（其他面額的發行請見第八和第十階段）；日期成為主圖案的一部分，刻在主印版上。版本： a 日期為 1891 年 1 月 2 日；沒有印刷簽名。 b 日期為 1893 年 4 月 1 日；總經理印刷簽名為 F. de Bovis。 c 主要設計更新；日期為 1893 年 9 月 1 日；總經理印刷簽名為 T.Jackson。 d 日期為 1896 年 3 月 1 日。 e 日期為 1897 年 3 月 1 日。 f 日期為 1897 年 9 月 1 日。 g 日期為 1898 年 3 月 1 日。埃裏克·鮑威爾先生的巴克利 & 弗萊伊樣本藏品包括：第九階段 a、b、f 版 5 元紙幣樣本（IXa,b,f）（每組 4 張打孔註銷）；第九階段 d、e、g 版 5 元紙幣（IXd,e,g）和第十階段紙幣成套樣本（見下文）。

第十階段（X）帶有巴克利&弗萊伊印刷日期10元-500元紙幣

圖9 第十階段， 500元紙幣樣張， 1897年3月1日發行， 1h印版，紅色，綠色套印 106

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FEATURES

同第八階段，以下情況例外：無 5 元紙幣（此面額的發行請見第九階段）。日期印刷成為主要設計的一部分，刻在主印板；500 元面額保留了元（元）的早期漢字示樣，沒有印刷簽名。版本： a 日期為 1893 年 4 月 1 日；總經理印刷簽名 F. de Bovis。 b 日期為 1893 年 9 月 1 日；總經理印刷簽名 T. Jackson。 c 日期為 1895 年 1 月 1 日。 d 日期為 1896 年 3 月 1 日。 e 日期為 1897 年 3 月 1 日。 f 日期為 1897 年 9 月 1 日。 g 日期為 1898 年 3 月 1 日。埃裏克·鮑威爾先生的巴克利 & 弗萊伊藏品樣本包括：第十階段 a 版（Xa）10 元紙幣樣本（每組 3 張打孔注消）和 f 版 10 元紙幣樣本（每組 4 張打孔注消）；第十階段 b 版（Xb）100 元紙幣樣本（每組 4 張打孔注消）；第十階段 e 版（Xe）500 元紙幣樣本（每組 4 張打孔注消）；第九階段 d 版（IXd）和第十階段 d 版（Xd）5 元、10 元、100 元和 500 元紙幣樣套（每組 4 張打孔注消）；第九階段 e 版（IXe）和第十階段 e 版（Xe）5 元、10 元、100 元和 500 元紙幣樣套（每組 3 張打孔注消）；第九階段 g 版（IXg）和第十階段 g 版（Xg）5 元、10 元和 50 元紙幣樣套（每組 2 張打孔注消）。（表8）

階段 IXa

日期 1891

5 港元

10 港元

50 港元

100 港元

500 港元

1k 樣品 x1+ 發行 x1

1892

IXb/Xa 1893

IXc/Xb

樣品 x2+ 發行 x1

樣品 x2+ 發行 x3

發行 x2

樣品 x2+ 發行 x2

1894

- /Xc

1895

IXd/Xd

1896

IXe/Xe

1897

IXf/Xf IXg/Xg

1898

樣品 x1 2c

樣品 x2+ 發行 x1 1h

樣品 x2 2d

樣品 x3 1i

樣品 x2+ 發行 x1

樣品 x4+ 發行 x1 1j

2e 樣品 x3+ 發行 x2

樣品 x3+ 發行 x2 + 仿造 x1

1h 樣品 x1+ 發行 x1

1f 樣品 x1

1i 樣品 x3

1g 樣品 x3

樣品 x1+ 發行 x1

樣品 x2

1j 樣品 x4+ 發行 x1

※第七和第八階段的創新得以繼續，但印刷日期成為了主要設計的一部分。用以標注不同版本，同時也可以其不斷變化的日期來區分。在本世紀的最後十年，發行量不斷增加，使銀行能夠更準確地預測下一期需要何時發行，以及每種面額紙幣所需的數量，因此在印刷時確定紙幣的日期變得更為方便。這兩個階段同時也象徵着巴克利 & 弗萊伊為匯豐銀行香港辦事處工作的結束。布拉德伯裏和威爾金森（ Bradbury&Wilkinson ）在 1888 年使用新的製版技術為香港印刷的一張百元鈔票表明，幾年前該銀行就已經考慮和巴克利 & 弗萊伊終止合同了。 J

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Sycee of Northern Song Dynasty Jintang County 50 Taels ◎ Che-lu Tseng〔USA〕

In 1944, an Eng l ish

of the Northern Song

brochure "A Research

D y na st y. The sycee

on Sycee Inscriptions

was f lat and straight

of the Northern

on t wo ends, its

Son g D y n a st y" wa s

overall width is thick,

published by the

but with a thin waist.

American Numismatic

The obverse of sycee

Societ y (A NS) in

is larger than the back.

N e w Yo r k , w i t h

The sycee of "exempt

Chang Naichi(Zhang

from service" 50 Taels

Shuxun) as the

was a special form of

aut hor. A f ter goi ng

taxation in the Song

to the United States

Dynasty. During the

during the Anti-Japanese War, Chang Naichi, the

Northern Song Dynasty, people have to participate

recognized king of ancient Chinese coins kept great

in the military service such as transferring war

enthusiasm about coin research. He also joined the

materials and constructing the walled cities during

American Numismatic Society as a member. The

the wartime. If you can't go to the war in person,

ANS issued a brochure discussing Chinese sycee,

you must pay the state to hire people to do your

in which Chang only made an understatement and

job. Converting the paid copper coins into silver

English explanation for the inscriptions on the

and casting into sycee, this is the so-called "sycee

"exempt from service" 50 Taels sycee from Jintang

of exempt from service", which can also be called

Count y in the early Nor ther n Song Dynast y, “exemption silver”. without depicting the historical background of this

"Sycee of exempt from service" is another method

sycee.

of taxation invented by the Song Empire. It was not In 965, Houshu was annexed by the Northern

until the Southern Song Dynasty that the sycee was

Song Empire, two years later, the "Huai'an Army"

gradually eliminated.

was established to rule Jinshui County and Jintang

108

County. It is inferred that the 50 Taels sycee, which

"Sycee of exempt from service" was an extremely

shows a typical sycee shape of the early Northern

heavy burden on the people of the Song Dynasty,

Song Dynasty, was cast during the Gande period

people must pay as many as 16 strings of "exemption

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ta x" for exempting one person f rom m i l itar y service! The Song Dynast y lasted for more than three hundred years. Because of the resistance to foreign enemies of Liao, Jin and Mongol, there was such a heavy "tax dollars". As a result, more than tens of millions of babies were killed by their parents, which was absolutely against human nature. When Su Dongpo was exiled in Hupeh, he saw that "ordinary family in Huangzhou gave birth to a child but was too poor to raise him, so they drown the newborn in a basin..." "Generally, peasant in Hunan and Hupeh only raises two sons and one daughter, if more children were born, they will be killed." This phenomenon was also common in Kiangsi. Zhu Xi's father, Zhu Song, discovered that: "(Kiangsi people) usually have two children, if more children were born, regardless of boy or girl, they will be thrown into a water basin and killed."Fukien was even more serious, people in Fukien only had three sons at most. The sons who were born later were drowned in a water basin as soon as they landed. History has been repeating this kind of policy that violates human nature, it is hard to explain why there is a saying that "the common people in the

few words diﬀerent, such as Conversion [Tax] was

Song Dynasty lived a prosperous and happy life".

revised to Conversion [Silver], [Tael] was revised to [Liang]... and the sycee of the Northern Song

I recently saw an unidentified sycee of 50 taels on

Dynasty mostly have narrow waists, but the left

the website, the inscriptions are similar to the ANS

side of the engraved inscription of this sycee was

inscriptions, but the imitation inscription has a

straight. These are points for doubt.

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北宋“懷安軍金堂縣免夫錢折納銀每鋌重伍拾兩”銀鋌 ◎ 曾澤祿〔美國〕

1944 年紐約美國錢幣學會（American Numismatic

員，該會發行一本討論中國銀錠的小冊子。張氏對此件

冊，中國古錢大王張乃驥（張叔馴）於抗戰期間赴美後，

宋早期的銀鋌）只有輕描淡寫的敘述和中文字的英文解

Society）出版，張乃驥著《北宋銀鋌銘文考》英文版一

北宋“懷安軍金堂縣免夫錢折納銀每鋌重伍拾兩” （北

對研究錢幣仍十分積極熱心，並加入美國錢幣學會為會

釋而已，並未解讀這種北宋銀鋌的歷史背景之由來。

按：北宋幹德三年 (965) 滅後蜀。幹德五年，立懷安軍，

主流典型的造型；兩端平直，中間束腰，總體寬厚，板

狀，鋌面呈有冷凝形成的凹陷。鋌面比鋌背面大。至於

治金堂縣（四川金堂縣淮口鎮洲城村），隸屬西川路。管轄

這伍拾兩銀鋌的免夫錢是從身丁夫役演化而來的，是宋

金水、金堂二縣。元代至元十三年（ 1276），於懷安軍改

置懷洲，隸屬成都路，二十年，省懷洲入金堂縣。由此推

代的一種另類之賦稅。北宋時期老百姓是沒有勞役的，

測這伍拾兩銀鋌可解為北宋幹德年間鑄造，是北宋早期

110

但到戰爭時才會去參與運送戰爭需要的物資、修築城寨

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等勞役。如果不能親赴戰時徭役，就要交錢給國家雇人代役。在用繳納的銅錢折算成銀兩鑄成銀鋌，這就是所

謂的免夫錢。也可以說是老百姓向政府繳納的是免役錢。免夫錢就是大宋帝國發明出來的又一種搞錢稅務方法，一直到南宋年間，南方各地的身丁錢才逐步取消，但像閩南地區的身丁錢，則是一直到了宋朝滅亡為止。

按免夫錢對宋代人民負擔極重，比如“京東一路之差夫一萬六千人，為錢二十五萬六千餘貫 ”，算下來，平均老

百姓免一個人的勞役就要交免夫錢十六貫之多！

宋朝歷時三百多年，因抵杭遼金蒙外敵，而有這麼沉重

的身丁錢、免夫錢。因而被親生父母殺害的嬰兒何止千萬？沖著這冤死的千萬嬰兒，違背人性。蘇東坡被流放

湖北時，他親眼見到： “黃州小民，貧者生子多不舉，初生便於水盆中浸殺之……” “ ……嶽、鄂間田野小人，例只養

二男一女（筆者注：出土的唐代壓勝錢永安五男，五男二女，已不再流行，）過此輒殺之……”江西地區這種現像也普遍存在，朱熹的父親朱松就發現： “（江西百姓）多止育

兩子，過是不問男女，生輒投水盆中殺之。 ”福建更是“不

舉子”的重災區，當時的福建百姓最多只生三個兒子，之後再出生的兒子，一落地就直接放到水盆裏溺死。歷史一直重演著像這種違背人性政策，以“宋朝百姓文化

看到跟美國錢幣學會的銘文是相類似而抄文同意，但是

生活水準高”？不知如何解釋。

仿的銘文有幾個字不同，例如折納銀，作為折納錢，兩改作倆……而且北宋銀鋌多是瘦腰，但它鑒刻字文之左

近在網站看到有一枚身份不明的五十兩銀鋌，因為只能

旁沿是直的，這很怪異，令人疑問多多。

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Originally published at ngc.com

Pergamene Coinage under the Greeks ◎ David Vagi〔USA〕

Ancient coins tell the fascinating history of a fortress city

Pergamum was situated in the foothills of a mountain

in Asia Minor prior to its absorption by the Roman Empire.

range about 15 miles from the Aegean Sea. A natural fortress, it was ideally placed along major trade routes and commanded a large, fertile plain.

The city of Pergamum, in northwestern Asia Minor, rose from humble origins to become one of the premier cities of the Greco-Roman world. Collectors are fortunate that

Though archaeological evidence shows its site had

for about seven centuries, untold millions of coins were

been occupied since at least the 8th Century B.C. (if not

struck within its fortified walls, and that a great many of

even earlier, during the Bronze Age), Pergamum is not

them survive to this day.

mentioned by ancient authors until historical events of about 400 B.C.

The dates of this city's earliest coins are not known,

obverse the head of the god Apollo. First is a silver diobol

though they appear to have been struck in the 5th Century

with the head of a satrap (Persian ruler) on its reverse,

B.C. – most likely between c.450 and 400 B.C. Above

the second a 9mm bronze showing a grain ear between

are two such coins, both small and both bearing on their

confronted bull heads.

An isolated issue of gold staters was struck at Pergamum

A generation after Alexander's conquest, coinage began

in the 330s B.C. under circumstances which seemingly

to be struck regularly at Pergamum. It started with a

relate to the campaign of the Macedonian King Alexander

diverse group of minor coinages attributed to c.310-284/2

III‘the Great’(336-323 B.C.) against the Persian Empire.

B.C., of which a silver diobol depicting Heracles and

An example is shown above; it bears the head of Heracles

Athena is shown above.

and the cultus statue of Athena.

112

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FEATURES

From the same period is a variety of small bronzes; four Pergamum became a principal mint for Lysimachus with diﬀerent designs are shown above.

because he had chosen this fortress-city to safeguard

Also at this time, Pergamum began to strike a massive group of silver tetradrachms bearing the head of the deiﬁed Alexander III and the seated ﬁgure of Athena. These were produced on behalf of King Lysimachus (305-281 B.C.), a

his savings of 9,000 talents (230 tons of silver). Charged with this great responsibility was the eunuch-treasurer Philetaerus, a man destined to play an important role in history.

successor of Alexander III.

Philetaerus in 283 B.C. to switch his allegiance from

Lysimachus to another of Alexander III's successors, the Syrian King Seleucus I (312-281 B.C.). Lysimachus mounted a spirited defense against his enemies, but was defeated and killed early in 281 B.C. at the Battle of Corupedium. This left Philetaerus in control of Pergamum, with Seleucus I as his powerful ally. Philetaerus celebrated his new alliance with rare

Three tetradrachms struck at Pergamum for Lysimachus

tetradrachms he issued in the name of Seleucus that

are shown above. Their exceptionally fine style and

show a horse head and a standing elephant.

high standards of production illustrate how much pride

But this ideal alliance did not last, for Seleucus I was

Philetaerus took in making coins on behalf of Lysimachus.

assassinated in September 281 B.C., just seven months

Toward the end of Lysimachus' life, the king's behavior

after his victory at Corupedium.

and family relations became erratic, which caused

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Seleucus I was replaced by his son Antiochus I (281-261

274 B.C., uses the same types, yet bears the name of the

B.C.), who for the previous 13 years had been co-ruler

deceased King Seleucus I. There is no mention of the

of the Syrian kingdom. Though Antiochus I 'inherited'

reigning King Antiochus I, who could only have taken this

his father's alliance with Philetaerus, it was a difficult

as a snub – one that only intensiﬁed since this coin type

relationship, as illustrated by the two tetradrachms above.

may have been struck over a period of ﬁve years.

The first, perhaps struck in 280 B.C., bears the name

Not long afterward, even more extraordinary tetradrachms

and familiar coin types of Alexander III with no mention of

with extremely high relief por traits were struck by

either Philetaerus or Antiochus I. This seems appropriate

Philetaerus. Shown below are two examples, which are

considering the chaotic political circumstances of the day.

thought to belong to the period c.269/8-263 B.C.

But the second piece, which Philetaerus struck c.279-

The ﬁrst (above) portrays Seleucus I, presumably because

Philetaerus had struck for Lysimachus.

Philetaerus wished to promote the idea that his loyalty

The latter coin, with the Philetaerus portrait, became the

and agreement had been with Seleucus I, rather than his

'immobilized' model for most Pergamene tetradrachms

son, Antiochus I. The second (below) depicts Philetaerus

that would be struck over the next century by Philetaerus’

himself. Both show on their reverse the seated figure

successors.

of Athena, a design inspired by the many tetradrachms

In addition to silver tetradrachms, Philetaerus also struck

the reverse, were struck by Philetaerus or by one of his

bronzes. The two pieces shown above, with the head of

successors.

Athena on the obverse and an ivy leaf or a thyrsus on

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FEATURES

Philetaerus was succeed by his brother Eumenes I (263-

which Eumenes triumphed. At long last, Pergamum was a

241 B.C.), who did not hand over the Pergamene treasury

fully independent kingdom with a dynastic line.

to Antiochus I, an act which immediately caused a war in

Eumenes also issued artful tetradrachms. The three show n ab ove are similar to t ho se c reate d under Philetaerus, though the details are modiﬁed: the portrait is adorned with a laurel wreath rather than a cord diadem and the arrangement of the seated Athena is diﬀerent, for she crowns the name of Philetaerus rather than placing her hand on a shield.

Another tetradrachm attributed to Eumenes I is shown

for his powerful defeat of invading Celts in 240 B.C. So

above. On this example the portrait is of quite a diﬀerent

important was his victory that it purportedly gave rise to

style from the previous three.

the dynasty founded by Philetaerus being named "the Attalid Dynasty."

The next king of Pergamum, Attalus I (241-197 B.C.), a cousin and the adopted son of Eumenes I, is renowned

Above are two silver tetradrachms produced by Attalus I.

is a revival of familiar designs that more than a century

The ﬁrst has the now-standard types of the kingdom: the

before had been introduced by Alexander III.

head of Philetaerus and the seated Athena. The second

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Later tetradrachms from Pergamum (including the one

King Antiochus III (222-187 B.C.), which proved fruitful for

shown above) were struck in much smaller quantities

both Rome and Pergamum due to a victory at Magnesia

than those of the earlier Attalid kings – so much so that

in 190 B.C. that was followed in 188 by the Peace of

determining which of the later kings produced these coins

Apamea.

is difficult. Such is the case with the above coin, which

This brings us to another major development in Attalid

may have been struck by Attalus I or by his eldest son and

coinage, the introduction of the silver cistophorus at some

successor, Eumenes II (197-159 B.C.).

point between the 190s and the 160s B.C. (opinions vary).

Under Eumenes II, Pergamum became strong allies of

This new coin weighed signiﬁcantly less than a traditional

Rome, a new and powerful authority in Asia Minor. He

Attalid tetradrachm – c.12.6 grams versus c.16.8 grams.

offered his support in Rome's war against the Seleucid

Interestingly, cistophori were introduced to help create

a closed economic sphere that Eumenes II enforced by preventing foreign currencies from entering his kingdom. Such coins had to be exchanged at the border for cistophori – coins struck at a weight purposely low enough to discourage their export. The name cistophorus is derived from the cista (a sacred basket) from which a serpent escapes, which appears on

Cistophori were struck in ver y large quantities at

the obverse. The reverse shows a bow in its case, ﬂanked

several mints within the Pergamene Kingdom, with

by serpents.

the denomination surviving well into the age of Roman

Pergamum survived as an independent kingdom until

dominion. Three examples are shown above: the first

it was bequeathed to Rome in 133 B.C. It is with this

perhaps struck c.166-160 B.C., the second c.160-150 B.C.,

monumental event that we’ll continue this topic next

and the third c.150-140 B.C.

month with a discussion of Pergamum under Roman rule.

(All photos courtesy of Classical Numismatic Group.) 116

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原刊載於 NGC

古希臘帕加馬錢幣 ◎ 大衛 · 瓦吉〔美國〕

帕加馬位於距離愛琴海約15英里的山脈腳下，是一個天然

古代錢幣講述了小亞細亞的一個要塞城市在被羅馬帝國吸

的要塞，坐落在主要貿易路線沿線的理想位置，擁有大片

收之前的迷人歷史。

肥沃的平原。

位於小亞細亞西北部的帕加馬城，從卑微的起源中崛起，成為希臘 - 羅馬世界的主要城市之一。錢幣收藏家們是幸

儘管考古學證據表明其遺址至少在公元前8世紀（遠的不說，

的城牆內鑄造了數不清的錢幣，其中大量保存至今。

事件中，古代作家才提及帕加馬。

在青銅時代）就被佔領，但直到公元前400 年左右的歷史

運的，因為在大約七個世紀的時間裏，人們在帕加馬堅固

這座城市最早的錢幣的鑄造日期不詳，不過它們似乎是在

太陽神阿波羅的頭像。第一枚是兩奧波銀幣，背面印有一

400年之間。上圖是兩枚這樣的硬幣，都很小，且正面都有

印有兩個對峙的牛頭，牛頭之間有一粒穀穗。

公元前5世紀鑄造的⸺ 最有可能是在公元前450 年至前

個總督（波斯統治者）的頭像，第二枚是9毫米的青銅幣，

公元前330多年，人們在帕加馬鑄造了一批獨立的古希臘金

在亞曆山大東征後的一個時代，帕加馬開始定期鑄造貨幣。

336- 前323年）進攻波斯帝國的戰役有關。上圖是一枚這

型貨幣，上圖是一枚印有赫拉克勒斯和雅典娜畫像的兩奧

最開始於公元前310- 前284 年2月之間鑄造了一組不同的小

幣，似乎與當時馬其頓國王亞曆山大三世“大帝” （公元前

種錢幣；印有赫拉克勒斯的頭像和雅典娜神像。

波銀幣。

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同一時期人們還鑄造了各種各樣的小銅幣；上圖展示了銅幣 305- 前281年）鑄造的。的四種不同的圖案。

帕加馬成為了利西馬科斯的主要造幣廠，因為他選擇這個

也是在這個時候，帕加馬開始鑄造一大批四德拉克馬銀幣，要塞城市來守護他的9 000 塔蘭同（230 噸白銀）的儲蓄。上面刻着被神化的亞曆山大三世的頭像和雅典娜的坐像。這肩負這一重任的是財務宦官菲萊泰羅斯，他註定要在歷史些銀幣是為亞曆山大三世的繼承人利西馬科斯國王（公元前上發揮重要作用。

家庭關係變得反復無常，導致菲萊泰羅斯於公元前283年從

利西馬科斯轉而效忠於亞曆山大三世的另一位繼承者⸺ 敘。利亞國王塞琉古一世（公元前312- 前281年）

利西馬科斯奮力抵抗外敵，但最終於公元前281年年初的庫

魯佩迪安戰役中戰敗並被擊斃。菲萊泰羅斯和他強大的盟友上圖是在帕加馬為利西馬科斯鑄造的三枚四德拉克馬銀幣。它們格外精美的風格和高標準的製作說明了菲萊泰羅斯在為利西馬科斯製造貨幣時是多麼自豪。

發行了罕見的四德拉克馬銀幣，上面印有一個馬頭和一頭站立的大象，以此慶祝他的新聯盟的誕生。

但這個理想的聯盟並沒有發展下去，塞琉古一世於公元前

281年9月遇刺，距離他在庫魯佩迪安的勝利僅僅時隔七個月。

在利西馬科斯即將走到生命盡頭時，這位國王的行為舉止和

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塞琉古一世從而控制了帕加馬。菲萊泰羅斯以塞琉古的名義

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塞琉古一世死後，他的兒子安條克一世（公元前281- 前261

然而，第二枚約於公元前279- 前274 年由菲萊泰羅斯鑄造，

國的共同統治者。雖然安條克一世“繼承”了他父親與菲萊

為沒有提到在位的國王安條克一世，安條克一世只能把這

年）繼位，在過去的13年裏，安條克一世一直是敘利亞王

使用了相同的幣型，卻刻有已故國王塞琉古一世的名字。因

泰羅斯的聯盟，但正如上面兩枚四德拉克馬銀幣所示，他

看作是一種怠慢⸺ 這種怠慢只會愈演愈烈，因為這種幣

們一度關係緊張。

型可能已經鑄造了五年之久。

第一枚大約鑄造於公元前280 年，刻有亞曆山大三世的名字

不久之後，菲萊泰羅斯鑄造了更為特別的極高浮雕人像的

世。考慮到當時混亂的政治環境，這似乎是合理的。

公元前269 年8月 - 前263年。

且採用了熟悉的幣型，但並未提及菲萊泰羅斯或安條克一

四德拉克馬銀幣，下麵是兩個示例，人們認為它們鑄造於

第一枚（上圖）描繪的是塞琉古一世，大概是因為菲萊泰羅

後一枚印有菲萊泰羅斯肖像的錢幣成為了大部分帕加馬四

不是他的兒子安條克一世。第二枚描繪的是菲萊泰羅斯本

菲萊泰羅斯的繼任者們所鑄造。

德拉克馬銀幣的“固定”模型，在接下來的一個世紀裏由

斯想要宣揚自己的忠誠和認同僅僅是對塞琉古一世的，而人。兩枚錢幣的背面都有雅典娜的坐像，設計靈感源於菲萊泰羅斯曾為利西馬科斯鑄造的許多四德拉克馬銀幣。

葉或一根手杖，由菲萊泰羅斯或是他的一位繼承人所鑄造。

除了四德拉克馬銀幣外，菲萊泰羅斯還鑄造了青銅幣。上圖所示的兩枚錢幣正面是雅典娜的頭像，背面是一片常春藤

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這一舉動隨即引發了一場戰爭，歐邁尼斯在這場戰爭中取得

菲萊泰羅斯的繼承人是他的兄弟歐邁尼斯一世（公元前263

年 - 前241年），他沒有將帕加馬的國庫移交給安條克一世，

了勝利。最終，帕加馬成為了一個完全獨立的王國。

歐邁尼斯也發行了精美的四德拉克馬銀幣。上圖所示的三

枚與菲萊泰羅斯鑄造的銀幣相似，不過細節上有所改進：

人像佩戴的是一個月桂花環，而不是繩編的王冠，另外，雅典娜坐像的構圖也不同，上圖所示的銀幣中她正為菲萊泰羅斯的名字加冕，而不再是把手放在盾牌上。

是歐邁尼斯一世的表親和養子，因其在公元前240 年有力

上圖所示為歐邁尼斯一世的另一枚四德拉克馬銀幣。在這

地擊敗了入侵的凱爾特人而聞名。他的勝利是如此重要，據

枚銀幣中，人像的風格與前三枚截然不同。

說菲萊泰羅斯建立的王朝因此被命名為“阿塔羅斯王朝”。

帕加馬的下一任國王阿塔羅斯一世（公元前241- 前197年）

上圖為阿塔羅斯一世鑄造的兩枚四德拉克馬銀幣。第一枚

的坐像。第二枚是一個多世紀前亞曆山大三世引進的熟悉

是當時王國的標準幣型：刻有菲萊泰羅斯的頭像和雅典娜

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設計的復興。

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後來帕加馬的四德拉克馬（包括上圖所示的這枚）鑄造量比

予了支持，這場戰爭對於羅馬和帕加馬來說都是收穫頗豐的，

的哪位國王鑄造了這些貨幣。上圖這枚錢幣就是如此，它可

在公元前188年簽訂了阿帕米亞和約。

元前197- 前159年）鑄造的。

這就引入了阿塔羅斯貨幣的另一個重大發展，即公元前190

在歐邁尼斯二世的統治下，帕加馬成為了羅馬強大的盟友，

法各異）。這種新錢幣的重量比傳統的阿塔羅斯四德拉克馬

因為他們於公元前190年取得了馬格尼西亞戰役的勝利，又

早期阿塔羅斯國王的鑄造量少得多，以致於很難確定是後來

能是由阿塔羅斯一世或他的長子兼繼承人歐邁尼斯二世（公

多年到前160多年間的某個時候蛇籃幣的引入（人們對此看

要輕得多⸺ 它只有12.6克，而傳統四德拉克馬約重16.8克。

同時也成為小亞細亞一個全新且強大的政權。他在羅馬與

塞琉古國王安條克三世（公元前222- 前187年）的戰爭中給

有趣的是，引入蛇籃幣是為了幫助歐邁尼斯二世創建一個封

閉的經濟領域，他通過阻止外國貨幣進入帕加馬來強制實現

這一目標。這些錢幣必須在帕加馬邊境上兌換成蛇籃幣⸺ 這種錢幣的鑄造重量故意壓低到足以阻止其出口。

。銀幣正面是一條蛇從祭籃蛇籃幣的名字源自於 cista（祭籃）中逃出，背面則是一把裝在袋子裏的弓，兩側盤繞着巨蛇。

帕加馬王國的幾家造幣廠鑄造了大量蛇籃幣，其面額一直延續到羅馬統治時期。上圖所示為三枚該錢幣：第一枚大概是

帕加馬作為一個獨立的王國而存活，直到公元前133年被贈

150年鑄造的，第三枚大概是公元前150- 前140年鑄造的。

馬統治下的帕加馬。

公元前166- 前160年鑄造的，第二枚大概是公元前160- 前

予羅馬。之後我們將由這一重大事件繼續這一話題，討論羅

（所有照片由古典錢幣集團提供。）

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Chinese ship’s stop at London draws curious onlookers (Medals from 1848 visit to Great Britain Preserve Legacy of Vessel) ◎ Jeff Starck〔USA〕

Painting New York Port

Charles Alfred Kellett never should have been at the

Boston and New York City, before that.

helm of the ship that sailed into London's ports in 1848.

A surreptitious beginning

The three-masted 800-ton Foochow Chinese ship, a trading junk, was named Keying, andit soon became a curiosity that drew visitors-including Queen Victoria and

The Keying was bought surreptitiously in August 1846,

other members of the royal family- to gawk at the finely

illegally, by British businessmen in Hong Kong, thwarting

appointed salon inside the Chinese vessel.

a Chinese law that prohibited the sale of Chinese ships to nonresidents.

Interest in what would become a massive floating exhibit (one shilling to get in, at the discounted price, reported

Little did the crew, two-thirds of them Chinese, realize

the Illustrated London News on July 29, 1848) led to the

when the Keying sailed from Hong Kong, China, in

creation of about one dozen medals.

1846 that they wouldn't return for, in some cases, several years.

By rights, those medals shouldn't exist, because that ship According to Matthew Wittmann, wr iting for the

shouldn't have sailed to Britain, after making stops in

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American Numismatic Society's Pocket Change blog,

The vessel was forced to make an unscheduled stopover

"The avaricious Kellett neglected to tell the Chinese

in New York City, where the ship drew major crowds to

crew members that they were embarking on such an

view the "Chinese curiosities" before it traveled next to

extended journey, and by the time the Keying rounded

Boston in the United States, and then to Britain, reaching

the Cape of Good Hope, they were more or less

London in March 1848.

mutinous."

Painting Chinese Keying Junk

British Historical Medal for Chinese Keying Junk's arrival in London in 1848, NGC MS62, Chinese Family Collection

Medallic commemorations

"The first junk that ever rounded the Cape of Good

Many medals were made in honor of its arrival in

Hope, or appeared in British waters. Her dimensions

London.

are length 160ft. Depth of hold: 19ft. Burden: 800 tons Chinese measurement. Rudder 7½ tons, mainsail 9

An inscription on one such medal gives the following

tons. Mainmast 85ft long from deck. The ship is built

account:

of teak wood. She sailed from Hong Kong 6 December

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1846, arrived in England 27 March 1848, 477 days from

The truth about the man may never be known, but

Canton. 'Captain Kellet', commander."

thanks to the medal and the brochure we have a human face to the journey.

There are several variations of medals in this vein, with slightly different depictions of the ship and various

The ship remained in Britain until around 1853, before

inscriptions telling of its passage.

being sold and towed away to Mersey. Two years later, a local newspaper reported that the ship was rotting at port near Liverpool, having fallen into disrepair.

Human face to the voyage

The medallic legacy of the Keying, however, remains

Perhaps the most interesting medal is one showing

solid.

Hesing, a Canton man who was reportedly aboard the Examples are available privately and are also part of

ship.

public collections around the world. The program or brochure sold about the ship describes him thusly: "A Mandarin of the fifth class, whose

A replica of the Keying is in Hong Kong, though some

distinctive mark is a crystal button on the top of his

quibble about the accuracy of the modern day iteration

cap. He is forty-six years old, intelligent, amiable and

versus contemporary reports, of which some were

gentlemanly. During the voyage he has learned a little

undoubtedly fabricated.

English, but the Chinese idiomatic turn which he gives to the language, as well as the difficulty he has in pronouncing it, conspire to render him not easily understood. ... He is a native of Canton and, till the time of his sailing, had never been ten miles from that city." The brochure sought then to display Hesing as a curiosity as much as the oyster shells, lanterns, horns, glass, silk and paper in the salon.

Canton man Hesing 124

The poop of the junk JJ E

A N N

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1848年中國帆船“耆英”號抵英紀念章歷史背景 ◎ 傑夫·斯塔克〔美國〕

水彩畫《紐約港灣》

查爾斯 · 阿爾弗雷德 · 凱利特船長（Charles Alfred Kellett）

一個悄然的開端

或許從來就不應該掌舵這艘在1848年駛入倫敦港口的中國 1846年8月，英國商人悄然從香港買下“耆英”號，但這次

帆船。

買賣並不合法，違反了中國禁止向非中國居民出售中國艦船的相關法律。

這艘來自中國福州的800噸三桅中式商貿帆船“耆英”號不久便成為港口的一件稀罕有趣之物，吸引了諸多訪客，其中甚至包括維多利亞女王和其他皇室成員，這艘中國帆船裏裝

船員中虽三分之二是中國人，但船員對1846年“耆英”號是

飾精美的會客廳讓這些來訪者為之驚歎。

在何時駛出中國香港的幾乎毫無察覺，而出於某些情況，他們在之後的數年時間內都不曾回到中國。

由於人們對這一漂浮在水上的巨大展品很感興趣，於是鑄造了許多紀念章。（根據《倫敦新聞畫報》報道，在折扣價格下，

根據馬修 · 惠特曼（Matthew Wittmann）為美國錢幣學會博

花1先令就可以進入這艘船。）

客“零錢”（Pocket Change）所寫的文章可以知道， “貪婪的凱利特船長忘記告訴中國船員他們要繼續延長旅程一事，

這些紀念章按理說本不該存在，因為這艘船在之前經停波

而且在“耆英”號繞過好望角的時候，船員多少對船長有些

士頓和紐約後，本來不應該航行至英國。

不服從。”

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在這種情況下， “耆英”號不得不在紐約作出計劃之外的中

繼續航行至下一處，即美國波士頓，其後於1848年3月到達

途停留，吸引了很多人來參觀這一“中國珍品”，之後商船便

英國倫敦。

版畫《中國木帆船耆英》

1848年中國帆船 “ 耆英” 號抵英紀念章， NGC MS62，華人家族收藏

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紀念章

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的水晶頂珠是區別其官品的標記。希生現年46歲，聰明、和藹、紳士。在航行期間，他學習了一些英文，但是他在運用

為了紀念這次“耆英”號抵達倫敦，鑄造了很多紀念章。

英語的時候會帶入中國的語言習慣，加之他在發音上有困難，因此並不太好理解他的意思……希生是廣州人，在這次航行

這些紀念章中，有一枚上面的題字做出了如下解釋：

之前，從未離開這座城市超過10英里。”

“這是第一艘繞過了好望角的中國帆船，也是第一艘出現在

船上的宣傳冊旨在將希生作為和“耆英”號會客廳中的珍珠、

英國水域的中國帆船。該船長60英尺，艙深19英尺，載重

燈籠、犄角、琉璃和紙張一樣的奇物來向人們進行展示。

800噸。船舵重7.5噸，主帆重85英尺，主帆長度截至甲板為85英尺。帆船使用柚木製造。1846年12月6日駛離香港，

關於希生這人的真實情況可能從來都無從知曉，但是因為有

1848年3月27日抵達英格蘭，此時距離其離開廣州已有477

紀念章和宣傳冊的存在，我們知道了參與這次航行的人是怎

日之久。 ‘凱利特船長’為該船的負責人。”

樣的面孔。

以該船為主題的紀念章有幾個不同的版別，他們對船隻的介

直到1853年前後，這艘船仍然停留在倫敦，之後再次被出

紹有些微不同，關於其航程內容的題字也有所不同。

售，並拖運至默西河。2年之後，一家當地報紙報道到，這艘船正在利物浦附近的港口慢慢腐爛，最終落入年久失修之境。

參與航行人員的面孔

然而， “耆英”號留下的紀念章仍然保存完整。

或許這些紀念章中最為有趣的一款是繪有希生人像的紀念

這些紀念章既有私人收藏，也有一些成為世界各地公共收藏

章。希生是廣州人，據報道，他也登上了耆英號。

品的一部分。

出售的關於“耆英”號的項目大綱，或是說宣傳冊，對希生

香港有一艘“耆英”號的複刻品，儘管現代製造品和當代報

做出了下面這樣的描述， “這是一名中國五品官員，朝冠上

告的準確性仍有爭論，但其中有一些內容無疑是編造的。

廣東人希生

“耆英號 ”艉樓

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China Essays, 1912 ◎ H.F. Bowker〔USA〕

152E

A collector friend has lately brought to my attention

of The Modern Stamp Journal of Shanghai, which

an inquiry for information relative to an engraved

lately has been making use of a series of essays in this

trilingual 3 cents essay of China [152E] depicting Dr.

manner. Nothing is published in the accompanying

Sun Yat-sen, which was published in the January 1949

letter-press regarding it. However, in looking through

issue of THE ESSAY PROOF JOURNAL No.21,

other Chinese stamp periodicals in my library I found

P.24. As this term has been condemned as "obviously

that in 1936 The New Light Philatelic Monthly (

bogus" by some pseudo-expert, it is felt that the

volume 5, number 1, page 3) there appeared a short

somewhat meager collateral information which is

article in Chinese on the 5 cents value of similar

known to have been published in China, should be

design, illustrated by a horizontal pair of this essay.

submitted.

This article seems to be based on an article which appeared in the magazine Chung Hwa Hsiao So, and

128

A few months ago a colored reproduction of a similar

relates that this essay was the design which Sun Yat-

5 cents, blue-green essay was used on the front cover

sen selected to be used to commemorate the revolution

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which overthrew the Ch'ing dynasty in 1911. The

deciphered. The treatment of the ornaments between

original design from which this essay was made was

the upper and lower characters at the right and left of

found among the personal effects of Sun Yat-sen

the portrait also diﬀers in that the center ornaments (or

after his death, and it may be surmised that it is still

characters, if they are Chinese characters) are outlined

treasured among his memorablia. He had designated

by marked colorless bands which impinge on the

his secretary, Tang Wench'i, to arrange for its issue and

ornaments at either side. Needless to say, a magnifier is

he had it made by the Commercial Press of Shanghai,

of no assistance in determining whether these figures

the same f irm which overprinted many stamps of

are Chinese characters or ornaments, as magnification

the Imperial Chinese Post for the newly established

of a stamp reproduced through a halftone screen is

republic. They were made up in sheets of 50 stamps on

only more diﬀused on enlargement. The reproduction

unwatermarked paper, dark green in color. However,

in THE ESSAY PROOF JOURNAL is much clearer

due to the political events which transpired at that time

than that in The New Light Philatelic Monthly, having

which made Sun Yat-sen the Provisional President

been made through a f iner screen and printed on a

and Yuan Shi-kai the President, he was unable to

coated stock, while the latter is printed on a poor grade

procure its acceptance. Yuan Shi-kai opposed, and a

of news-print paper. The portraits are quite similar,

compromise was made which saw the issue in 1912

differing principally in the fact that the moustache

of the set of twelve stamps depicting Sun Yat-sen's

in the 3 cents value appears to be fuller, whereas in

portrait commemorating the revolution, and a parallel

the 5 cents value it is trimmed angularly. The facial

set with Yuan Shi-kai's portrait commemorating the

expression seems to be blander and less expressive in

establishment of the Republic.

the latter production.

For the information of collectors who do not have

The obvious explanation of the French inscriptions on

access to the above named Chinese periodicals, the

these essays is that French is the official language of

slight diﬀerences in the designs of the 3 cents and the 5

the Universal Postal Union, to which China adhered

cents values are enumerated:

oﬃcially in 1896; and at the time of their preparation a Frenchman, T.Piry, was Postmaster General. At the

In the upper curved label the 6 Chinese seal characters

time of the revolution postal matters were in a state

are in color upon a clear background in the 3 cents

of flux, as only then recently (30 May 1911) the Postal

value, while in the 5 cents value the same characters

Administration had been separated from the Chinese

are color-less against a colored background. The

Maritime Customs, and the essay to use French at that

background surrounding the portrait extends to the

time for the proposed new issue of postage stamps for

lathework surrounding the characters and ornaments

the Republic was perfectly in keeping with the times.

at the right and left of the portrait in the 3 cents value, while in the 5 cents value the background is sharply cut off by vertical colorless lines just outside the cartouches. The French inscriptions "RE-PUBLIQUE CHINOISE" are similar, but their treatments are the reverse of the description given above of the upper labels. There is no English expression of value in the 5 cents value as in the "THREE CENTS" bottom tablet, hence this value is bilingual. Its place is taken up by two Chinese characters which are but dimly reproduced in the cut and which cannot be accurately

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1912年

中國郵票樣票 ◎ 霍華德·佛蘭克林·包克〔美國〕最近，一位收

一系列印有袁世凱肖像的中華民國共和紀念郵票。

諮詢有關一枚

為了讓那些沒有機會接觸到上述中國文章的收藏者瞭解情

藏家朋友向我

況，我列舉了3分票和5分票設計上的細微差別。

印有孫中山先

生形象的中國三分郵票樣票

在3分票中，上方弧形標籤上的6個篆體漢字是彩色的，背

這引起了我的

的。在3分票中，肖像周圍的背景延伸到文字周圍的花紋和

[152E] 的資訊，景透明；而在5分票中，同樣的字是無色的，背景是彩色

肖像左右兩側的裝飾物處；而在5分票中，背景被橢圓形

注意。該樣票發表在1949 年

輪廓外的垂直無色線條所截斷。郵票上的法語題字“RE-

1月的《 Essay

PUBLIQUE CHINOISE” 與之相似，但其處理方式

Proofs 雜誌》與上方標籤相反。在5分票中，沒有像底部的“ THREE

第21期第24頁。由於一些偽專家譴責該樣票“明顯是假的”，

CENTS”那樣的英文來表示價值，因此這個價值是雙語

因此我認為有必要提交一些已在中國發表的、為數不多的

的。取而代之的是兩個漢字，但它們只是模糊不清地再現

間接資訊。

在郵票上，因此無法準確辨認。畫像左右兩側上下文字之間的裝飾物的處理也不同，中間的裝飾物（如果是漢字，則

幾個月前，《上海現代郵票期刊》的封面上使用了一個類似

為漢字）由明顯的無色帶勾勒出來，與左右兩側的裝飾物

的5分藍綠色樣票的彩色複印品，該期刊最近一直在以這種

相接。毋庸諱言，放大鏡對判斷這些數字是漢字還是裝飾

方式發表一系列文章。在隨附的凸版印刷中沒有刊印關於

物毫無幫助，因為通過半調網屏複印的郵票的放大率在放

大後只會更加分散。《 Essay Proofs 雜誌》的複印品比《新

它的內容。然而，在翻閱我的圖書館中其他中國郵票期刊時，我發現1936年《新光集郵月報》票，並以一對橫式相

光集郵月刊》的複印品清晰得多，因為它是通過更精細的

連的此樣票來進行說明。這篇文章似乎是根據《中華小品》

螢幕在銅版紙上印刷的，而後者是在劣質的新聞紙上印刷

的。這兩張肖像畫非常相似，主要區別在於3分票中人物的

雜誌上的一篇文章寫的，講述了這枚樣票是由孫中山親自

挑選，用來紀念1911年辛亥革命的設計。孫中山去世後，

鬍鬚似乎更濃密，而5分票中人物的鬍鬚則修剪得有棱有角。

人們在他的私人物品中發現了這枚樣票的設計原稿，由此可

後者的面部表情似乎比較平淡，缺乏表現力。

書唐文治安排發行郵票，並由曾為新成立的共和國印製了

關於這些樣票上的法語題字，最顯而易見的解釋是，法語

無浮水印的紙上加蓋的，每張50 枚，顏色為深綠色。然而，

組織；而且在籌備這些郵票時，法國人 T. 帛黎是當時的郵

以推測，它是孫中山十分珍惜的紀念品。孫中山派他的秘

是萬國郵政聯盟的官方語言，中國在1896年才正式加入該

許多大清郵政郵票的上海商務印書館製作。這些郵票是在

由於當時發生的政治事件，孫中山成為了臨時總統，而袁

政部長。在革命時期，郵政事務正處於不斷變化的狀態之

世凱對此表示反對，雙方最終達成妥協，於1912年發行了

關中分離出來，因此當時為共和國擬發行的新郵票使用法

中，直到最近（1911年5月30日），郵政管理局才從中國海

世凱成為了總統，孫中山未能成功發行這些郵票。由於袁

一套12 枚印有孫中山肖像的中華民國光復紀念郵票，以及

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語樣票是完全符合時代要求的。

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The Chinese Stamp Collection of Howard Franklin Bowker ◎ Champion〔Shanghai〕

The late famous numismatic collector and researcher Howard Franklin Bowker was also a philatelist, which is almost unknown, and he had made in-depth research in Chinese philately when he lived in China from the 1920s to the 1930s. Bowker had been attracted to philately from his youth. He began to work as a stamp dealer in 1910 when he was 21. On August 4, 1917, Bowker was reenlisted as a Yeoman first class. When he was stationed at Wuhan, China, in charge of the Naval godown in Hankow from May 7, 1923, to April 30, 1924, he came to be interested in Chinese stamps. From this time, Bowker began to collect and study Chinese stamps tirelessly, and he was active in dealing with and corresponding

image1 Bowker's Published Works on Philatelics

with other collectors. According to his articles and correspondences, Bowker had been connected to and

to translate the contents about Chinese banknotes for

communicated with dozens of Chinese and foreign

this journal. From 1927 to 1968, Bowker wrote over

philatelists when he was in China and elsewhere.

50 philatelic articles in China Clipper, Collectors Club

Philatelist, Essay Proof , and other journals. (image 1) We can get some information about Chinese stamps from Bowker’s letters with his friends. On March 31,

It had been 38 years from the temporar y neutral

1939, Bowker wrote to Eduard Kann, asking Kann to

stamp aff ixed Republic with dragon pattern issued

help him to get contemporary stamps of North China.

by the Republic China on January 30, 1912, to the

On July 2, 1939, Kann wrote to Bowker, telling him

dollar stamp issued in September 1949. Some 1,800

that the Asia Stamp Journal had been launched. On

types of stamps of 7 major catalogs were issued during

December 2, 1939, Bowker replied that he had already

this period. Adding to franked stamps, modif ied-

subscribed to the journal. On March 25, 1941, Kann

value stamps, postage due stamps, and stamps issued

wrote to tell Bowker that he became the president

by foreign post off ices in Chinese treaty ports, the

of the China Philately Association and he was busy

cl a ssi f icat ion of Ch i nese st a mps wa s ex t remely

w ith the releva nt a f fa ir s. On Ja nua r y 22, 1949,

complicated in this period of time.

Lindquist wrote to Bowker to introduce his published book about philately. On August 28, 1948, Bowker

Chinese trading ports could be classified into treaty

mentioned an interesting monthly journal about

ports and independent ports. Treaty ports were ports

Chinese banknotes in his letter to Kann, and he had

compelled to be opened based on the treaties signed

arranged for a Chinese lady, the wife of a philatelist,

with foreign governments, while independent ports

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were opened by the Chinese government voluntarily.

at the treaty ports mainly served consuls, foreign

Between 1840 to 1930, China had signed unequal

businessmen, and missionaries to deliver commercial

t reat ies w ith Br it a i n, A mer ica, Fra nce, Russia,

information, facilitate the correspondence among

Ger many, Japan, and many other countr ies, and

immigrants and advance the exchange of political and

ports at Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and

economic information, which was also ref lected in

Shanghai along the coast were opened due to the

Bowker's stamp albums (image 3). The private post

treaties so that they were known as "treaty ports". Most

offices run by foreigners at the treaty ports in China

treaty ports had international settlements for foreigners

were known as port post oﬃces. These post oﬃces had

to l ive, t rade, a nd m a ke i nvest ment s, a nd most

different administration, rules, business, and postage

foreign stores and businesses were in the international

fees, and they were not aff iliated with one another.

settlements. Foreign governments also set post oﬃces

They issued port stamps and only agreed to transfer

to issue stamps in the settlements. Howard Bowker

letters among ports. Given the short existence of

was especially interested in treaty port stamps, and his

such kind of post oﬃce, not issued many port stamps

collection of this kind had a great many varieties. Cities

were issued. Therefore, many treaty port stamps are

issuing such stamps included Zhenjiang, Nanjing,

regarded to be rarities by collectors, so their values are

Jiujiang, Hankou, Yichang, Fuzhou, Weihaiwei, and

commonly high.

Wuhu. Bowker had a clear target in stamp collecting, and At that time, there were over 170 foreign post oﬃces in

he had an in-depth study in the date, place, copy,

China. Postage due stamps refer to special stamps and

and variety of treaty port stamps. In 1926, Bowker

were used to get due postage fees from the receiver.

designed and issued Chinese treaty port stamp albums

The pattern of such stamps commonly included the

for international collectors (image 4 and 5). He also

Chinese characters qian zi [ 欠資 ] and the value, and

they could not be taken as the certificate of prepaid

collectors in China and America and wrote many

postage fees. The postage due stamps of the Zhenjiang

articles about the Chinese treaty port stamps. All these

Ministry of Works in the Bowker Collection are of

accomplishments were due to his continuous efforts

such kind (image 2). In early times, the letter offices

and pursuits.

image2 Postage Due Stamps 132

cor responded w ith ma ny top sta mp dea ler s a nd

image3 Cover of Bowker's Stamp Album J

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image 4 Part of Stamps in Bowker's Stamp Album

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Bowker also had many coupons of the Republic of China issued by various business industries such as department stores, restaurants, tobacco and snack stores, wine shops, and for use in the entertainment industry in his collection (image 6). Despite limited circulation areas, their circulation facilitated the demand for these services. Such coupons included complimentary coupons, gift coupons, food coupons, tokens, etc. All these are important witnesses of the private financial industry in the Republic of China. image 5 Collectors Stock Book

image 6 Coupons

Note：Bruce Smith (USA), Howard Bowker – Eduard Kann Correspondence: 1939-1949, Journal of the East Asian Numismatics (10), p. 17-24.

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不懈追求於方寸之間 ——霍華德 • 佛蘭克林 • 包克先生的郵票收藏 ◎ 冠軍研究室〔上海〕

已故的霍華德 • 佛蘭克林 • 包克（Howard Franklin

Bowker）是美國20世紀30年代至60年代中國錢幣的著名

收藏家與研究學者。大家不知道的是，他還是一位中國郵

票的愛好者與收藏家。他對中國郵票的某些方面還有深入的研究與建樹。

包克先生在青年時期就與郵票有了不解之緣。早在1910 年

他 21歲時，他就在美國芝加哥自立門戶，成為自營郵票商。

包克於1912年10月19日入伍服兵役。1917年8月4日轉成軍官。1923年5月7日至1924 年 4月30日這段時間，包克隨美

國海軍駐紮在湖北武漢，管理在漢口的美軍海軍貨倉。正是這段在中國的經歷，他對中國郵票產生了興趣。並開始

了對中國郵票的收藏與研究，在他有生之年一直孜孜不倦

地持續着。使他成了中國郵票的收藏家。在集郵活動上包克是一位活躍的交易者與通信者。通過包克發表的文章與

圖1 發表的包克中國郵票文章目錄

來往的信件中得知，在中國期間和離開之後，包克曾與數

民國郵政自1912年1月30日發行蟠龍加蓋“臨時中立”郵票，

十名中外中國郵票愛好者與收藏家有過聯繫與交流。

至1949 年9月發行改作“銀圓”郵票發行各類郵票歷時38年。

從已知的包克先生與友人的信件上，我們也可以看到與中

據不完全統計共發行了7大類約1 800 枚郵票。另有加蓋票、

幫他獲得華北臨時郵票。1939 年7月2日，耿愛德來信告訴

界內發行和使用的郵票，品種極為複雜。

國郵票相關的資訊。1939 年3月31日，包克寫信要求耿愛德

改值票和欠資票等，還包括外國郵局在中國“條約口岸”租

包克有本郵票月刊（Asia Stamp Journal 亞細亞郵刊 ) 開

始發行了。1939 年12月2日，包克回信給耿愛德說，自己已

中國近代對外通商口岸可分為“條約口岸”和“自開口岸”

包克，說他成了中國集郵協會的主席。現在為此愛好讓他

動開放的， “自開口岸”是中國政府主動開放的。自1840 年

經訂閱了《亞細亞郵刊》。1941年3月25，耿愛德寫信告訴

兩大類。 “條約口岸”是中國政府根據與外國簽訂的條約被

忙得不可開交。1948年1月22日，林奎斯特寫信給包克，介

起至1930 年，英、美、法、俄、德、日等外國與中國政府

紹林奎斯特出版社主要出版集郵方面的書籍。1948年8月

簽訂不平等條約，開放的對外通商商埠，如廣州、廈門、

的出版非常有意思。我已經安排了一位中國女士⸺ 她是我

條約口岸內多設有租界，主要供外國人居留、經商、投資

28日，包克寫給耿愛德信中講到，一本中國紙鈔月刊雜誌

福州、寧波、上海都是位於沿海的口岸，故稱“條約口岸”。

的一位集郵同好的妻子來將雜誌上關於中國古代紙鈔的內

容段落翻譯出來。1從而可見包克收集與研究中國郵票的用心與堅持。1927年至1968年四十餘年裏，記載包克在《中

國剪報》《集郵家俱樂部》《 Essay Proof 雜誌》等專業雜

設廠，其商店與公用事業多在租界內。外國在“條約口岸” 租界內開設郵局，發行郵票，稱“客郵”。包克先生對收藏

“條約口岸”專題郵票情有獨鐘，其收藏的這個專題的郵票

林林總總，極富特色。收藏發行這類郵票主要城市有鎮江、

（圖1）誌上發表有關中國郵票專題的文章就有50 餘篇。

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南京、九江、漢口、宜昌、福州、威海衛、蕪湖等地。

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圖2 欠資郵票

圖3 包克的集郵冊封面

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圖4 包克集郵冊中的部分郵票

當時在我國的外國郵局有170多個。欠資郵票是郵局向收件

民國時期的代價幣、一般多由商事行業自行發行，如百貨

麵值數字為主圖，不能作為預付郵資的憑證。包克先生的

一定範圍內使用與流通，代價券的流通有利於行業對內外

人收取欠付郵資時貼用的專用郵票。通常以“欠資”字樣和

商店、酒樓菜館、煙雜茶點、醬園酒行、娛樂業等，限於

藏品中的“鎮江工部欠銀”郵票即為此類（圖2）。早期，在

服務的需要。代價券分贈券、禮券、橋飯票、籌碼等內容。

“條約口岸”裏書信館主要為領事館、外國商人、傳教士服

在包克的藏品中也有許多這個時期的各種行業代價券（圖

6)。對了解民國那段歷史城市民間金融商業活動提供了實物

務，傳遞商業資訊，便於外國僑民的通信聯繫，加快政治、

經濟情報的交換。這在包克先生的集郵冊中也有反映（圖3、

依據。

圖4）。這種在中國對外通商口岸城市，由外國人辦的私人

性質的郵政稱為埠際郵政、埠際郵局（或商埠郵政和商埠

書信館）。埠際郵政在行政、章程、業務、經濟上各自為政，資費不同，彼此無隸屬關係，只限在有協議的埠際間交換

郵件，發行的郵票稱埠際郵票。由於這種地方性的郵政事

業存在的時間不長，同時上述郵票印製得不多，因而時至

今日，許多“條約口岸”郵票已經被集郵者們視為珍品，它的價格也往往比較高。

包克的郵票收藏方向和主題明確，對“條約口岸”郵票的發行時間、所在地點、數量範圍、版次材質都有相當的研究與瞭解。他在1926年設計並向國際藏家推出專門用於收

藏中國條約口岸郵票的集郵冊（圖5）。期間，他還和很多中

國和美國頂尖的郵票貿易商和藏家進行通訊與聯繫，並就

中國條約口岸郵票撰寫發表了諸多文章。取得的這些成就來自於先生的不懈追求與努力。

圖5 藏家插票冊

說明：本文參考自史博祿（美國）整理標注：《霍華德·富蘭克林·包克和耿愛德⸺ 1939-1949 年間往來書信》，載《東亞泉志》第 10 期，17-24 頁。

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圖6 代價券

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2 4

紐埃群島永恆之愛 & 永生玫瑰純銀紀念幣紀/念/幣/預/定

◎ 這是一朵可以賞玩一生的玫瑰，每一朵玫瑰都是真實的玫瑰。 ◎ 自然生長的玫瑰花剪切於盛放之時。這枚銀幣將鮮活的玫瑰通過特殊手工保存工藝進行處理，最後在每片花瓣的邊緣鍍以24k 金。

原包裝：¥2388 NGC 打盒：¥2628

◎ 紀念幣由克勞斯世界硬幣大獎賽終身成就獎得主，原上海造幣有限公司高級工藝美術師余敏先生操刀設計，由世界技術最領先的造幣廠之一的上海新世紀紀念幣製造有限公司製造。

一一錢幣網購買鏈接：

https://m.tb.cn/h.feujECq?sm=ec41ca 2 盎司

直徑 45 毫米 .999 銀鑄造量600枚

永生玫瑰

◎ 正面：以中國古代著名愛情故事梁山伯與祝英臺為主題。幣上超高浮雕的梁山伯與祝英臺人物肖像相互背離，被一顆桃樹分開。樹上兩只蝴蝶翩翩飛舞，應和了梁祝故事的結局。桃花、桃樹和背景均採用了古銀效果，蝴蝶與窗格呈現了噴砂和鏡面的效果，人物面部和衣服則採用了漸變鐳射砂工藝。

余敏簽名

◎ 背面：著名的羅密歐與朱麗葉的故事。二人身著歐洲古典禮服站在陽臺上，下方的玫瑰整體平凸但白色亮丸實現了灰色鐳射幻彩效果，隨著角度的變換會呈現出紅、藍、綠、黃等各種不同的顏色。背後是威尼斯特色的穹頂窗戶和褪色的磚塊。窗內的文字為《羅密歐與朱麗葉》的經典對白。牆上的白色磚縫線為白砂，牆面則採用了上亮下白的漸變噴砂。陽臺、窗戶和磚牆均複刻了故事所發生的實際地點。

NGC 打盒限量100枚

精/美/手/繪/圖

電話：021-62130771

郵箱：jeanzg@163.com

地址：上海市普陀區常德路1211號寶華大廈1808室

Eternal Love & The Everlasting Rose Pure Silver Coin The coin presented with a natural grown rose, with the tip of each petal coated in pure 24k gold.

$ 200

NGC PF70 ULTRA CAMEO

$ 260

Coin Specifications Weight: 10 grams; Metal Content: .999 Silver Dimensions: 35mm; Quality: Proof Country of Issue: Tanzania Year of Issue: 2020 Denomination: 500 Shillings; Mintage: 6,000

Tel: 021-62130771

Email: jeanzg@163.com

Add: Room 1808, Bao Hua Building No. 1211, Changde Rd.

《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第三版正式啟動 2020 年 7 月 17 日（週五），冠軍拍賣組織來自上海、浙江、四川等地的 20 名藏家前往上海造幣有限公司參觀了上海造幣博物館及其包克錢幣展示廳，午餐期間宣佈開始啟動第三版《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》編撰工作。《東亞泉志》出版人周邁可及中文主編袁水清於 8 月 16 日至 20 日前往北京，開展第三版的問卷策劃和評委會構建工作。問卷調查工作已於 9 月正式啟動，12 月評選出新一版的十大精選硬幣。第三版預計於 2021 年秋面世。

藏家參觀上海造幣博物館

參觀者親自鑄打參觀紀念章

藏家交流

冠軍拍賣總裁周邁可宣佈開始啟動

2009 中國近代機製幣競選活動弘揚中國錢幣文化

推動市場健康發展

TOP 10 of the Greatest Chinese Struck Coins Survey 評選結果

前十名中國近代機製幣如下：

1903 年（癸卯）奉天省造光緒元寶庫平一兩銀質樣幣 1900 年（庚子）京局製造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀質樣幣 1898 年湖南省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀質樣幣 1904 年廣東省造光緒元寶庫平重一兩銀質樣幣，背鑄字 1910 年 ( 庚戍春季）雲南造宣統元寶庫平七錢二分銀質樣幣 1896 年四川楷書（缶寶 ) 光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣 1890 年廣東省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分、七錢三分反版銀質樣幣 1911 年（宣統三年）大清銀幣壹元銀質樣幣，長須龍、短須龍、大尾龍、反龍、曲須龍

1906 年（丙午）和 1907 年（丁未）大清金幣庫平一兩樣幣 (1904-1905 年）四川省造光緒元寶當三十銅幣，試鑄幣

組織機構主辦：愛秀集團

協辦：美國 MGC 冠軍拍資公司

2009 年 12 月 18 日，上海精選結果發佈會上，周邁可向林青禾頒獎 Michael Hans Chou awards certificate to George Lim at the Top Chinese Coins Survey Conference in Shanghai on December the 18th, 2009

廣州國標錢幣收藏鑒定評估有限公司上海申泉工貿總公司組委會主任委員：孫浩資深錢幣收藏界專家學者

副主任委員 : 周邁可愛秀集團董事長暨冠軍拍賣董事長

顧問委員會主任委員 : 戴志強中國錢幣學會副理事長顧問：

周祥上海博物館研究員中國文物鑒定委員會委員沈鳴鏑上海錢幣學會副秘書長

甄偉剛廣東集幣協會理事

張明泉中華錢幣協會理事長

周建福臺北市錢幣協會理事長郭俊勝

理事

瀋陽金融博物館及張氏帥府博物館館長，遼寧省錢幣學會常務

曾澤祿美國著名中國錢幣收藏家

媒體宣傳

上海電視臺、新浪網、新民晚報、新聞晨報、錢幣報、新聞晚報、上海

2009 年 12 月 18 日，上海精選結果發佈會上，甄偉向陳吉茂頒獎 Zhen Weigang awards certificate to Chen Chi Mao at the Top Chinese Coin Survey Conference in Shanghai on December the 18th, 2009

熱線、東方網等媒體均對精選活動及結果進行了隆重報道，引起熱烈的關注。

2009 年 12 月 18 日，精選活動嘉賓參觀上海造幣博物館 Guests of the Top Chinese Coin Survey Conference visited the Shanghai Mint Museum on December the 18th, 2009

2009 年 12 月 18 日，精選結果發佈會在上海舉行 The Top Chinese Coin Survey Conference in Shanghai on December the 18th, 2009

Originally published at ngc.com

The 20th Anniversary of the Start of the ZENO.RU – Oriental Coin Database Project ◎ ZENO.RU〔USA〕

December 2022 marks the 20th anniversary of the start of the ZENO.RU project - an online database on Oriental numismatics. We are announcing the call for papers for the Festschrift dedicated to this anniversary date. Papers can be applied not only by ZENO.RU members, but by any interested in the Oriental numismatics. Applications should be sent to oldcharm@yandex.ru. Deadline: 1 January, 2022

Editorial board Alexander Akopyan (Islamic numismatics)

• Konstantin Kravtsov (Pre-Islamic numismatics)

• Vladimir Belyaev (Far East numismatics, in Russian)

• Jan Lingen (Indian numismatics)

• Heinz Gratzer (Japanese numismatics)

• Vladimir Nastich (Islamic numismatics)

• Bruce Griﬃth (South-East Asia numismatics)

• Pavel Petrov (Islamic numismatics)

• Håkan Fransson (Pre-Islamic numismatics)

• François Thierry (Far East and Vietnamese numismatics)

原刊載於 NGC

《東方錢幣資料庫項目啟動20周年紀念文集》徵集 ◎ ZENO.RU〔美國〕

2022 年將是 ZENO.RU – 東方錢幣資料庫項目啟動 20 周年，現向大眾徵集紀念文集文章。除 ZENO.RU 會員外，其他對東方錢幣感興趣的人士也可發送文章至 oldcharm@yandex.ru 進行投稿。截止日期：2022/1/1

編輯委員會 • 亞曆山大·阿科皮恩（Alexander Akopyan，伊斯蘭錢幣）

• 康斯坦丁·克拉夫佐夫（Konstantin Kravtsov，前伊斯蘭錢幣）

• 弗拉基米爾·貝爾亞耶夫（Vladimir Belyaev，遠東錢幣）

• 簡·林根（Jan Lingen，印度錢幣）

• 亨氏·格拉澤（Heinz Gratzer，日本錢幣）

• 弗拉基米爾·納斯蒂奇（Vladimir Nastich，伊斯蘭錢幣）

• 布魯斯·格裏菲斯（Bruce Griﬃth，東南亞錢幣）

• 帕維爾·彼得羅夫（Pavel Petrov，伊斯蘭錢幣）

• 哈坎·弗蘭森（Håkan Fransson，前伊斯蘭錢幣）

• 弗朗索瓦·蒂埃裏（François Thierry，遠東和越南錢）

PCGS、NGC、PMG、華夏評級、中乾評級認證代理商

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Mish International Monetary Inc. Mish国际钱币公司 Specialists in 专营

Pandas since 1982 1982年起发行的熊猫币 China Modern since 1979 1979年起发行的中国现代金银币 World Coins since 1964 1964年起专营世界钱币

Looking To Buy?想买？ Our inventory and knowledge has been available to both our colleagues and collector clients since coins of the People’s Republic of China first reached the world market in 1979. 自1979年中国现代金银币首次进入国际市场后，Mish 国际的员工及其藏家客户积累了丰富的库存和专业的钱币知识。

If you are looking for a particular China coin, chances are we have it, or may be able to recover it from an original buyer we sold it to years ago at first distribution. 想买中国币？我们或许恰好有；也许多年前我们卖过，现在或许还能从原始买家手中买回来。

Looking To Sell?想卖？ In this world of instant experts and brokers, Mish International is still your best choice to handle the purchase of your prized coins in this fast-changing market. Well-capitalized, truly knowledgeable and accommodating, we buy both single pieces and major collections at fair value with no delay, no limits and no excuses. 瞬息万变的市场环境，Mish 国际仍是助您销售钱币的最佳选择。雄厚的资金实力，专业的钱币知识，出色的协调能力，我们同时收购单枚币和大型收藏，价格合理，快速付款。

Since 1964 始于1964

Here today. Here tomorrow 携手今日共赢明天 Mish International Monetary Inc Mish国际钱币公司 1154 University Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 美国加州门罗帕克大学路1154号，邮编94025 Phone(电话):(650) 324-9110 Email(邮箱):robert@mishinternational.com

PRESS RELEASE:

Artist Yu Min was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by Krause Publication Coin of the Year Award Committee

Editor of World Coin News David C. Harper (L.) and Chinese Embassy Culture Department Secretary Dr. Li Gang

Shanghai Mint Co., Ltd. senior designer Yu Min is watching CCTV News live

A Lifetime Achievement Award in Coin Design was given to Yu Min of the Shanghai Mint Co., Ltd., Feb. 4 at the Coin of the Year Award ceremony at the World Money Fair in Berlin, Germany.

He began designing and engraving coins in 1980 and participated in the entire development process of gold and silver Pandas as a designer and engraver since the first gold panda coin was issued in 1982.

The trophy was accepted by Dr. Li Gang, Secretary of the Culture Department of Embassy of People’s Republic of China to the Federal Republic of Germany. Yu Min is the first Asian Designer to win the award, the previous three edition of the award went to Herbert Wähner of Austria, Maria Carmela Colaneri of Italy, and Heinz Hoyer and Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer of Germany. Giving the award was David C. Harper, editor of World Coin News, founding sponsor of the award. The award is also sponsored by the World Money Fair. The publisher of the Journal of East Asian Numismatics, Michael Chou, introduced Dr. Li. His publication is the third sponsor of the Coin of the Year Awards and it prepared a biography of Yu Min. Yu Min graduated from Shanghai Arts and Crafts School in August 1980 and entered the Shanghai Mint (now known as the Shanghai Mint Co., Ltd.) to design and to engrave coins in the design and pattern shop at the same year. From February to June 1996 he went to Russia and studied in the Sculpture Department of Repin Academy of Fine Arts. He was enrolled as a member of the China Sculpture Institute in July 2004.

Rick Stelzer Estate Coin & Jewelry Galleria 1650 main street sarasota FL 34236 USA Tel: (+1) 605 321 1449 rick52447@gmail.com

His 1983 silver Panda won the Best Silver Coin award in the 1985 Coin of the Year competition. He has designed and engraved over 200 Modern Chinese coins including over 40 commemorative Panda coins, including the 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2013 gold and silver commemorative Panda coins, over the years. Mr. Yu Min may hold the world record for the number of coins designed/engraved by a artist for a modern mint. The 2009 Panda coin designed by Yu Min was named the Best Commemorative Coin by a German magazine. Among commemorative coins, he designed and engraved the portrait of Chairman Mao on the circulating coin to mark the 100th birthday of Mao Tse-tung. It was very difficult to engrave a raised image of the chairman to be struck on a very hard nickelclad steel coin. Yu Min accomplished this after repeated trials. In the selection process of the 2008 Beijing Olympic coins, Yu Min’s design was one of the finalists and his four joint engraving designs (the fencing, pentathlon, archery and soccer coins) were adopted by the head office of Bank of China.

Champion Shanghai Room 1808, Bao Hua Building, No.1211, Changde Rd, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China Tel: 86-21-62130771 championghka@gmail.com

余敏榮獲克勞斯出版社世界硬幣大獎評委會頒發的終身成就獎

《世界錢幣新聞》主編 David C. Harper（左）和中國駐德國大使館文化部秘書李剛

本屆世界硬幣大獎賽頒獎典禮於2017年2月4日在德國柏林的世界錢幣展上舉行。本屆的世界硬幣大獎賽錢幣設計終身成就獎

上海造幣有限公司高級工藝美術師余敏在觀看 CCTV 新聞頻道

1993年獲工藝美術師任職資格，並被聘為工藝美術師。2004 年7月，被中國雕塑學會吸收為會員。

的獲得者是上海造幣有限公司的設計雕刻師⸺ 余敏。余敏從1980年從事錢幣設計雕刻至今已30年，從1993年聘為中華人民共和國駐德意志聯邦共和國大使館文化部秘書—李剛

工藝美術師至今也已23年。從1982年發行第一枚熊貓金幣起，

代表獲獎者領獎並發表獲獎感言。

至今已有近三十年歷史。余敏作為設計雕刻人員參與並見證了熊貓金銀幣發展的整個過程。

余敏是首位獲得這項大獎的亞洲錢幣設計師，前三屆終身成就獎的獲得者分別是：奧地利的赫爾伯特 •韋納、意大利

由余敏設計雕刻的1983版熊貓銀幣獲得了1985年世界硬幣大

的瑪利亞•卡梅拉•柯蘭納瑞以及德國的 Heinz Hoyer 和

獎賽最佳銀幣獎，這些年，余敏一共設計和雕刻了40多枚紀

Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer 夫婦二人。

念熊貓，包括2005、2006、2008、2009、2010、2012和 2013熊貓金銀幣。余敏為現代造幣廠設計和雕刻的錢幣數量之

獎項由《世界硬幣新聞》主編及世界硬幣大獎賽的發起人之一

多，很可能在當今世界範圍內也無出其右。

的大衛•C• 哈珀負責頒發，而世界錢幣展也是本屆獎項的贊助商之一。

他所設計的2009版熊貓幣被德國錢幣雜誌評為最佳紀念幣。

《東亞泉志》出版人周邁可先生為李博士做了一下介紹。周先生

紀念幣方面，余敏設計並雕刻了毛澤東誕辰100周年流通紀念

的《東亞泉志》不僅贊助本次的世界硬幣大獎賽，同時也準備了

幣中的毛澤東頭像一面。在非常堅硬的鎳包鋼產品上製作浮雕

一篇余敏的生平簡介。

是一個近乎苛刻的任務，經過多次實驗之後，余敏最終圓滿完成任務。

余敏1980年8月畢業於上海工藝美術學校（中專）。同年進上海造幣廠（上海造幣有限公司前身）設計製模車間從事錢幣設計雕

在2008北京奧運幣的競標中，余敏的設計成為了入圍了最終的

刻工作。

決賽圈。余敏與他人合作的設計（擊劍、五項全能、射箭、足球）也在競標被中國銀行選中。

1996年2月至6月期間，赴俄羅斯列賓美術學院雕塑系進修。

冠軍拍賣有限公司地址：上海市常德路 1211 號寶華大廈 1808 室電話：86-21-62130771 传真：86-21-62130773 Email ：championghka@gmail.com

Rick Stelzer Estate Coin & Jewelry Galleria 1650 main street sarasota FL 34236 USA Tel: (+1) 605 321 1449 rick52447@gmail.com

Exceptional Prices Realized from the

Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio September 2021 Hong Kong Auction

CHINA. Kweichow. “Bamboo” Dollar, Year 38 (1949). PCGS EF-45.

CHINA. Gold Presentation Dollar, Year 10 (1921). Tientsin Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-64.

CHINA. Shensi. Silver 3 Mace 6 Candareens (50 Cents) Pattern, ND (1898). Heaton Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-63.

CHINA. Silver Tael Pattern Restrike, CD (1906). Tientsin Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-63+.

CHINA. Silver Dollar Pattern, Year 3 (1914). Tientsin Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-62.

CHINA. Kiangnan. 7 Mace 2 Candareens (Dollar), CD (1905). PCGS MS-65.

CHINA. Gold Presentation Dollar, ND (1923). Tientsin Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-64.

CHINA. Gold K’uping Tael Pattern, CD (1907). Tientsin Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-61.

CHINA. Gold Presentation Dollar, Year 10 (1921). Tientsin Mint. PCGS SPECIMEN-64.

Realized: $720,000

Realized $600,000

Realized $480,000

Realized $660,000

Realized $504,000

Realized $456,000

Realized $600,000

Realized $492,000

Realized $444,000

Consign to an Upcoming Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio Auction

949.253.0916 California • 212.582.2580 New York • 852.2117.1191 Hong Kong • Consign@StacksBowers.com

LEGENDARY COLLECTIONS | LEGENDARY RESULTS | A LEGENDARY AUCTION FIRM 1550 Scenic Avenue, Suite 150, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 • 800.458.4646 470 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022 • 800.566.2580 • NYC@stacksbowers.com Info@StacksBowers.com • StacksBowers.com California • New York • New Hampshire • Oklahoma • Hong Kong • Paris SBG JEAN SeptHKPR 211001

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2021 春第 1633 号宣统三年大清银币“长须龙”版壹圆样币 PCGS SP63 成交价：RMB 5,750,000

2020 春第 2275 号 1867 年上海壹两“无射线”版银币样币 PCGS SP64 成交价：RMB 5,175,000

2016 秋第 2010 号 1902 年浙江楷书七钱二分银质样币 PCGS SP63 成交价：RMB 6,325,000

2007 秋第 2108 号民国十六年张作霖像背龙凤纪念银质试铸样币成交价：RMB 4,256,000

北京市朝阳区建国门外大街甲 6 号华熙国际中心 C 座 26 层电话: (86-10)5887.0808 传真: (86-10)5887.0909 联系人: 牛国宇刘映霆季华张政中 http://www.chengxuan.com E-mail: sc@chengxuan.com 北京诚轩拍卖有限公司常年举办包括钱币、中国书画、瓷器工艺品、现当代艺术四个专场在内的大型艺术品拍卖会。欢迎海内外藏家、商家光临购藏、提供藏品。本公司常年征集拍卖品，钱币专场征集内容为：中国近代机制金银币、珍稀铜币、古钱、银锭、纸币、人民币及现代金银纪念币

亚洲藏品拍卖 Collectibles Auction Asia 101 UPPER CROSS STREET #03‐78A PEOPLE’S PARK CENTRE SINGAPORE 058357

WWW.CAA.AUCTION

Accepting consignments throughout the year

Jeffrey Wai +65 9638‐7225 (WhatsApp) Cauctionasia@gmail.com

2020 年 11 月 19 日冠軍澳門拍賣會掃一掃，關注我們

地點：澳門十六浦索菲特酒店六樓會議室

郵箱：jeanzg@163.com

電話：021-62130771

拍賣成交亮點

1898 年湖南省造光緒元寶庫平三錢六分樣幣 PCGS SP66+，華人家族收藏起拍價：USD 230000 成交價：USD 540000

1911 年大清長須龍壹元銀幣 NGC MS64，包克收藏起拍價：USD 30000 成交價：USD 312000

1911 年宣統三年大清銀幣伍角 NGC MS62，包克收藏起拍價：USD 10000 成交價：USD 132000

1910 年宣統年造大清壹元銀幣 NGC MS64，包克收藏起拍價：USD 10000 成交價：USD 105600

1852 年臺灣老公銀壹圓 NGC AU55，包克收藏起拍價：USD 10000 成交價：USD 91200

1896 年黑龍江省造光緒元寶庫平三錢六分 NGC AU55，奧托·拜赫德製中國樣幣起拍價：USD 20000 成交價：USD 67500

1907 年東三省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣 NGC AU58，NC 藏品起拍價：USD 38000 成交價：USD 67200

庚子京局製造一錢四分原鑄幣 NGC MS60，包克收藏起拍價：USD 10000 成交價：USD 62400

1904 年光緒三十年湖北省造大清銀幣庫平一兩小字版，NGC AU53，包克藏品起拍價：USD 5000 成交價：USD 62400

1907 年（丁未）大清伍角銀幣 NGC MS65，包克收藏起拍價：USD 5000 成交價：USD 57200

1853 年臺灣如意軍餉 NGC AU Details，NC 藏品起拍價：USD 20000 成交價：USD 40800

1920 年中華民國九年鄂造貳角每五枚當一圓銀幣，NGC MS61，包克收藏起拍價：USD 3000 成交價：USD 36000

聯繫我們：上海市常德路 1211 號寶華大廈 1808 室

電話 : 86-21-62130771

郵箱 : championghka@gmail.com

2020.8.23

冠軍上海 VIP 微拍Ⅱ 拍賣成交亮點 /Highlights

1903 年戶部光緒元寶庫平 5 錢銀幣，L&M2， K928，華人家族藏品起拍價：200000（人民幣）成交價：1243000（人民幣）

1909-1911 年湖北省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣，L&M187，NGC MS65，H.F.Bowker 藏品起拍價：60000（人民幣）成交價：319500（人民幣）

1922 年（民國十一年）湖北武昌造幣廠長郭銅質紀念牌，NGC AU58 BN，NC 藏品起拍價：100000（人民幣）成交價：291500（人民幣）

天津黎元洪像中華民國五族共和紀念銅章， NGC AU55 BN，NC 藏品起拍價：100000（人民幣）成交價：275000（人民幣）

1908 年造幣總廠光緒元寶庫平七分二厘銀幣， L&M13，NGC MS64，H.F.Bowker 藏品起拍價：60000（人民幣）成交價：176000（人民幣）

1895-1905 年湖北省造光緒元寶庫平三錢六分銀幣，L&M183，NGC MS62，H.F.Bowker 藏品起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：148500（人民幣）

1932 民國二十一年孫中山像壹元，三鳥 LM108 PCGS MS 63 金盾品相完整，狀態佳。起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：132000（人民幣）

清·太平天國背聖寶·當百宋體尺寸：直徑 56mm 42.21g 起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：103400（人民幣）

1894 年德屬新幾內亞 5 馬克銀幣，KM7， PCGS PR62，華人家族藏品起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：83600（人民幣）

1914 年福建福建袁世凱福州海運局鎳幣，反面福州海運局雙打，NGC AU55，華人家族藏品起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：61600（人民幣）

臺灣老公銀足紋銀餅庫平柒弍，臆造幣， KANN-F1，NGC MS63，Ex.Kann/H.F.Bowker 藏品起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：52800（人民幣）

1904-1905 年江蘇省造光緒元寶當十，方龍， NGC AU58 BN，H.F.Bowker 藏品起拍價：30000（人民幣）成交價：13750（人民幣）

聯繫我們：上海市常德路 1211 號寶華大廈 1808 室

電話 : 86-21-62130771

郵箱 : jeanzg@163.com

2021.6.27 冠軍上海 VIP 精品微拍微拍成交亮點 /Highlights

1916 年中華帝國袁世凱像洪憲紀元飛龍銀幣沖天冠版，NGC MS63, 曾亮相於 1996 年冠軍拍賣及 2010 年 Ultima 收藏專場拍賣起拍價：300 000 元成交價：1 859 000 元

1927 年十六年造中華民國國民政府孫中山像陵墓紀念銀幣 NNC MS64，Richard Wright 收藏起拍價：300 000 元成交價：1 386 000 元

1898 年（光緒二十四年）安徽省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣，扁四，小星花版 NGC MS64，席德柄 / 張南琛收藏起拍價：300 000 元成交價：1 331 000 元

1923 年中華民國十二年造龍鳳壹圓銀幣 NGC MS65，Su Z. 收藏起拍價：300 000 元成交價：1 111 000 元

1903 年光緒元寶戶部庫平一兩金幣 NGC PF65 起拍價：300 000 元成交價：891 000 元

1906 年（丙午）戶部“中”字大清銀幣貳錢，NGC MS66，張南琛收藏起拍價：100 000 元成交價：594 000 元

1889 年廣東省造光緒元寶庫平三錢六分五厘銀幣，NGC AU55，包克收藏起拍價：300 000 元成交價：550 000 元

1906 年光緒年造大清銀幣戶部貳錢銀幣 PCGS MS65，W.L./ 黃華樞收藏起拍價：100 000 元成交價：363 000 元

1912 年中華民國黎元洪像開國紀念幣壹圓銀幣 NGC MS64，張南琛收藏起拍價：100 000 元成交價：330 000 元

1912 年中華民國袁世凱像共和紀念十文銅幣小面版，NGC AU55，張南琛收藏起拍價：30 000 元成交價：239 800 元

1895-1905 年湖北省造光緒元寶庫平三錢六分銀幣，NGC MS64，華人家族藏品。原味包漿，鑄打深峻起拍價：30 000 元成交價：231 000 元

1919 年雲南省造唐繼堯像擁護共和紀念拾圓金幣，反面帶數字“1”，NGC MS62，1991 年美國錢幣學會複製品起拍價：30 000 元成交價：231 000 元

1898 年吉林省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣 NGC XF40，張南琛收藏起拍價：30 000 元成交價：187 000 元

1911 年（宣統三年）大清銀幣壹圓 NGC MS64 起拍價：30 000 元成交價：165 000 元

1924 年（民國十三年）中華銅幣背嘉禾十文 NGC XF45 BN，NC 藏品起拍價：10 000 元成交價：154 000 元

聯繫我們：上海市常德路 1211 號寶華大廈 1808 室

電話 : 86-21-62130771

郵箱 : jeanzg@163.com

經驗：

NGC評級師均是訓練有素，經驗豐富的專業人員，並在錢幣學研究領域處於前沿。每一枚硬幣均由多名專業評級師進行檢驗，以保證準確性與一致性。

參考：

診斷：

我們的綜合研究圖書館為NGC評級師提供最相關的參考資料。他們同時也向全世界的專家進行諮詢。

評級師參考我們數據庫中數百萬張的真假幣圖像，包括非詳細的診斷圖像。

科技：

X射線熒光光譜分析，結合特定的重力與顯微鏡評估，幫助判定硬幣表面成分與鑄造工藝。

專業硬幣評級的要素

NGC評級每一枚硬幣，背後都依循着一整套高度複雜、久經時間考驗的程序。憑著行內領先的專業技術，經NGC評級鑒定的的硬幣已超過5000萬枚，其中包括許多來自世界各地的頂級硬幣。

了解更多，敬請瀏覽 NGCcoin.hk/expertise

將您的硬幣委託給NGC

NGC成立於1987年，是全球大型、廣受信賴的第三方硬幣、代幣和獎章評級機構，提供鑒定、評級並封裝服務。NGC憑著其精準、一致並且不偏不倚的評級服務，與行內領先的保證，備受世界各地的收藏家和經銷商的信賴。

了解更多，請瀏覽 NGCcoin.hk/about

紙幣交給PMG鑑定，最放心

PMG成立於2005年，為紙幣提供獨立公正的專業真品鑑定、評級並封裝的服務。 PMG被世界各地的收藏家和經銷商所認可。因其專業、精準和一致的評級，對公正的承諾以及全面的真品和等級保證而被全球信賴，也因此成為全球最大的第三方紙幣評級服務機構。

了解更多？請瀏覽 PMGnotes.hk/about

Chopmarked Coins - A History 《戳記幣簡史》 Colin Gullberg 高林

Price ( 售價 ): US $50 Plus Postage ( 不含郵費 ) The book Chopmarked Coins- A History by Colin Gullberg is funded by iAsure Group. The softcover book is 187 pages in length, 210mm×285mm, fourcolor printing. It covers the history of foreign silver coins that circulated in China from 1600 to 1935 and contains images of some 150 coins. Gullberg includes firstperson accounts, summaries of all modern sources of knowledge on the subject and scans from a shroff’s handbook (circa 1890). It is the first English- language book on the subject since 1990 and only the second English language book on the subject.

愛秀集團贊助出版發行的戳記幣英文專著《戳記幣簡史》為軟裝本，正文內容187 頁，開本210mm×285mm，四色印刷，闡述了1600年至 1935年間中國流通的外國戳記銀幣概況，作者高林先生採用第一人稱敘述，總結了現代有關戳記幣的詳盡知識，並配有某錢莊的手冊（約1890年）掃描插圖和150多張戳記幣高清圖片。本書是1990年之後的第一本戳記幣英文專著，也是有史以來的第二本戳記幣英文專著。

Chinese And Foreign Papermoney Errors 《華洋怪鈔—中外錯體紙幣賞析圖鉴》 David Chio 趙康池 Aguang Chan 陳耀光

Price ( 售價 )：MOP $300; RMB 240; US $30 Plus Postage ( 不含郵費 ) In December 2015, this book was released by Macau Numismatic Society and edited by David Chio and Aguang Chan. A total of 1,000 copies was printed, 200 in hard cover and 800 soft cover. The book is 323 pages of full color A4 size 210×285 mm and features over 300 error notes and 800 photos. Notes from Chin dynasty to modern times and more than 10 countries and region is covered. The books also cover causes of errors, background information on the printing process and authenticity of errors. This is the first book in Chinese to feature this type of information on error notes and its collection.

该书由澳門錢幣學會於2015年 12月出版，趙康池、陳耀光編著。印行1000冊，其中精裝本200冊，平裝本800冊。是書全彩精印，小 A4开本，210mm×285mm，323 頁，選錄了中外錯體紙幣300多種，圖片800多張，涵蓋中國自清末到現今使用的紙幣，涉及中外十多個國家和地區。本書對中外錯體、錯版、變體等紙幣的成因、歷史背景和辨偽，實事求是地作了係統的、科學的分析與歸納，並介紹了印鈔基本步驟和印鈔過程中所產生的“另類”紙幣，補充了不少紙幣收藏的基礎知識。可以說，本書是首本對錯體紙幣進行全方位論述的著作。

If required, please contact Champion Auction 如果需要請聯繫冠軍拍賣公司 Tel: 021-6213 0771 Email: jeanzg@163.com

TOP CHINESE COINS 2nd Edition 《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第二版 Price( 售價 )：US $100 Plus Postage( 不含邮费 )

In June 2010, Top Chinese Coins Vol. 1 was published by iAsure Group and the The Journal of East Asian Numismatics (JEAN). Top Chinese Coins Vol. 1 offers an in-depth summary of the final results from the Top Chinese Coins Survey, a landmark event held in winter 2009 to search for the 10 most valuable Chinese struck coins. Coins submitted for review were judged by their rarity, historical importance, artistic appeal, condition, market value and group identity. The deluxe bound book offered details on the Top Chinese Coins Survey as well as high-quality pictures, price trends, degrees of rarity and historical context of the 60 top Modern Chinese Coins.

Top Chinese Coins , Vol. 1 had a limited print run of 1000, leaving many numismatists and enthusiasts unable to purchase a copy of their own. In response to high demand, iAsure has made certain that the second volume which released in June 2011 will be available to a much wider audience. While Top Chinese Coins Vol. 1 included gold, silver and copper coins, the second volume highlights the great range of silver coins. It will also add summaries from auction sales that list pricing, degree of rarity, pedigree and grades.

2010年6月，愛秀集團和《東亞泉志》出版了

版的基礎上出版第二版。第二版於2011年6月發行，相比

《中國近代機製幣精品鑒賞》第一版。該書對60枚中國

第一版60枚錢幣囊括金幣、銀幣和銅元，第二版專注於

最頂級的近代機製幣進行了全面、深入、系統的研究與

60枚中國近代機製銀幣，定名為《中國近代機製銀幣精

展現。其內容涵蓋高清錢幣圖像、流傳脈絡、拍賣紀

品鑒賞·銀幣版》 (簡稱《銀幣鑒賞》)。

錄、市場趨勢、珍稀度解析和背景故事等，在錢幣業界引起巨大的轟動和反響，備受讚譽，被譽為“全景式展現中國珍稀機製幣的重要鑒賞書籍”。

由於頁面所限，第二版刊載60枚中國銀幣精品的重要信息，在第一版的基礎上有多方面改進和加強。《銀幣鑒賞》在最受歡迎和好評的照片拍攝和排版下更多功

儘管因時間蒼促、經驗不足，書中存在一些缺陷和

夫，並提供更多詳細、準確和豐富的近期拍賣成交價格

錯誤，但仍得到讀者的肯定和欣賞。由於該書僅限量印

記錄、歷史評估、珍稀度和譜系說明。所有內容均為中

刷1000本，無法滿足廣大錢幣愛好者的需求。經多位資

英雙語，彩色精裝印刷。第一版中有關錢幣背景的“故

深錢幣專家、學者、收藏家建議，愛秀集團決定在第一

事閱讀”部分將以附件方式另行印刷成冊。

If required, please contact Champion Auction 如果需要请联系冠军拍卖公司 Tel: 021-6213 0771 Email: jeanzg@163.com

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B.H. Mayer´s Kunstprägeanstalt GmbH

Minted in Germany 德国铸造

1盎司 999纯银硬币

Nano technology applied to the surface of this unique coin 这枚独一无二的硬币表面，采用了纳米技术 Exclusive limited mintage 1000 独家限量发行 1000枚 2019 Tanzania 1000 Shillings 2019年坦桑尼亚 1000 先令

2019 Tanzania 1000 Shillings

Coin Designed by: Yu Min

CBPMC Senior designer Winner of 2017 COTY “Lifetime” Achievement Award in Design

设计师：余敏

中国印钞造币总公司高级工艺美术师曾获得“2017年克劳斯世界硬币大奖赛年度终身成就奖”

Magnico

Room 1808, Baohua Mansion, No. 1211, Changde Rd., Putuo District, Shanghai Tel:0086(21)-62130772 www.magnico.cn

上海冠坤文化发展有限公司

上海市普陀区常德路宝华大厦1211号1808室电话：0086(21)-62130772 网址：www.magnico.cn

德国铸造德国梅耶造币厂

《東亞泉志》

免費訂閱 2022

簡介

電子季刊中英雙語出版人周邁可

《東亞泉志》為冠軍拍賣公司總裁周邁可先生和著名錢幣學專家史

物館史密森尼學會、大英博物館、哈佛燕京圖書館、哈佛大學、耶魯大

博祿先生於1994年創辦，是一本學術性錢幣研究專業雜誌。旨在讓廣

學、哥倫比亞大學、斯坦福大學、康奈爾大學和美國錢幣學會、美國錢

大錢幣收藏家、研究學者更深入地瞭解錢幣知識，讓世界各地的讀者

幣協會。雜誌刊發過不少有重要學術價值的文章，如托馬斯 · 烏爾曼寫

更好地瞭解中國深厚的錢幣文化。

的《1886-1888年間朝鮮首鑄機製幣⸺ 德國專家相助創建現代造幣

雜誌高級編輯史博祿先生1951年生於美國密蘇裏州聖路易斯市，

廠》、史博祿寫的《袁世凱像大鬍子開國紀念幣》、範治南與何緯渝寫的

為密蘇裏大學歷史系學士，哈佛大學中國研究專業碩士。1974-1977

《欽差大臣驚世之旅，記李鴻章訪美破冰之行》、湯姆 · 基納寫的《1897

年在克勞斯出版社任《世界錢幣新聞》助理編輯，參與《世界硬幣標準

年浙江三分六厘樣幣和1899年安徽三分六厘流通幣的關係》以及曾澤

目錄》與《世界紙鈔標準目錄》編輯工作。1977-1987年全職進行錢幣

祿寫的《明代天啟通寶和崇禎通寶銅錢加蓋戳印 VOC/C 探析》等。

交易。1988-1989年在中國鄭州大學留學，主修中國研究課程。1991-

2015年5月，周邁可先生決定於2016年1月復刊《東亞泉志》，聘

1993年在哈佛大學攻讀碩士。1994-1998年任《東亞泉志》總編。史

請著名錢幣研究學者袁水清先生擔任主編。復刊後的《東亞泉志》為電

博祿先生擁有30多年的收藏和研究中國錢幣的豐富經驗。他在《東亞

子季刊，中英雙語。內容以披露最新錢幣收藏研究成果、推介泉界成功

泉志》上發表的研究文獻極大地豐富了中國錢幣的知識內涵。

人士的事蹟為主。主要欄目有學術研究、人物專訪、鑒賞爭鳴、拍賣回

《東亞泉志》於1994年7月份問世，1999年停刊，發行了18期。

顧、重要信息等。

雜誌中大部分文章是英文，只有少部分是中文，在20多個國家發行，廣受歡迎，長期佔據許多重要圖書館書架的顯著位置，包括美國國家博

從2017年起，《東亞泉志》加盟由克勞斯在德國柏林世界錢幣展覽會期間舉辦的“世界硬幣大獎”頒獎活動。

閱讀

東亞泉志

25 周年紀念章

No.23

2021.7 / Issue 41

THE JOURNAL OF EAST ASIAN NUMISMATICS 中英雙語 - 電子季刊

Chinese Show Panda CATALOGUE

1984—2019

25 th

周年

Bilingual (English - Chinese) Digital Quarterly

JEAN 1994-2019

上海亞洲文會大樓（現上海外灘美術館） Rockbubund Art Museum（Shanghai Royal Asiatic Society Building）

蘇柯仁 Sowerby

伍德华伍德華 Woodward

1936 年孫中山像背布圖中圓銀幣樣幣，NGC MS63 CHINA-REPUBLIC 1936 Sun Yat Sen 50 Cents Silver Pattern, NGC MS63

耿爱德耿愛德 Eduard Kann

1867 年上海貳錢銀幣，NGC PF66 CHINA-Shanghai 1867 Two Mace Silver, NGC PF66

『本期專題 | FEATURES 』中華錢幣協會歷史

The History of the China Numismatic Society

席德柄、喬晉梁、韋憲章⸺戰亂時期的三位中央造幣廠廠長 Turpin Hsi, Qiao Jinliang, Wei Xianzhang-Three Directors of the Central Mint during the War

Rare Gold Coins in the Late Qing Dynasty A Research on the 1907 China Sinkiang Gold Coin⸺Also on the anecdotes of historical coinage

1911 年伍角單面鉛質樣幣，NGC MS63，L.Giorgi 陰文簽字版 & 設計師手稿 CHINA-EMPIRE 1911 50 Cents Uniface Lead Pattern, NGC MS63, with raised L.Giorgi signature & Designer Manuscrupt

泉壇的馬可波羅⸺意大利錢幣雕刻師 Luigi Giorgi 與大清銀幣

東亞泉志出版 JEAN Publications

Marco Polo of the Numismatic Community: Italian Coin Engraver Luigi Giorgi and Empire 1911 Dollar Patterns

JEAN Online Links 《東亞泉志》線上閱讀

紀

第

念

期

僅供内部使用

章目錄

晚清金幣大珍：中國新疆餉金金幣品種考辨⸺兼論中國近代機製幣史料的輯軼與辨偽

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The Journal of East Asian Numismatics Bilingual (English-Chinese) Digital Quarterly In 1994, The Journal of East Asian Numismatics (JEAN) was founded by Michael Chou, the CEO of Champion Auction and Bruce Smith, a noted numismatist. It is a professional numismatic academic journal whose mission is to educate collectors and researchers on the subjects of Chinese numismatics, culture and history. Bruce Smith, the chief editor of JEAN, was born in 1951 in St. Louis, MO. He received his BA in history from the University of Missouri St. Louis; and his MA in China studies from Harvard University. In 19741977, he worked for Krause Publications as Editorial Assistant on World Coin News and as cataloger for Standard Catalog of World Coins and Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. He was a full time coin dealer 1977-1987. In 1988-1989, he studied in China as a student of China Studies in Chengchow (Zhengzhou) University, Henan province. In 1991-1993, Mr. Smith was a graduate student at Harvard University. In 1994-1998, he was the editor of The Journal of East Asian Numismatics (JEAN). Bruce Smith has been a collector and researcher of Chinese coins for over 30 years. His published research in JEAN has added immensely to the body of knowledge for Chinese coins. The first issue of JEAN was released in July 1994, and the last issue (18th issue) in 1998. Most articles were written in English, the remainder in Chinese. The journal was distributed in over 20 countries, and remained a mainstay on many important library shelves, including the Smithsonian Institution, the British Museum, the Harvard Yenching Library, Harvard University, Yale University, Columbia University, Stanford University, Cornell University, the ANS (American Numismatic Society), and the ANA (American Numismatic Association). The journal enjoyed great popularity and many important articles were published in JEAN, including “Peking Coins of 1900” by James Sweeny, “More on the Hsu Shih-Chang Pavillion Medals with engraved names” and “The true story of China’s 1936 and 1937 Silver Dollars” by Bruce Smith, “The Apparent

JEAN Online Links 《東亞泉志》在線閱讀

1st Issue 2nd Issue 3rd Issue 4th Issue 5th Issue 6th Issue 7th Issue 8th Issue 9th Issue 10th Issue 11th Issue 12th Issue 13th Issue 14th Issue 15th Issue 16th Issue 17th Issue 18th Issue 19th Issue 20th Issue 21st Issue 22nd Issue 23rd Issue

Relationship between 1897 Chekiang 5 Cents Pattern and 1899 Anhwei 5-Cents Circulation Strike” by Tom Keener, and “A Forgery of Taiwan’s Old Man Dollar” by Dr. Che-lu Tseng. In May 2015, Michael Chou decided to start issuing the journal again starting in January 2016. The famous numismatic researcher Mr. Yuan Shuiqing will be chinese chief editor. He is a member of China Numismatic Society, serving as executive director of the Shenxi Numismatic Society and executive vice president of the Xi’an Collectors Association. As a numismatic researcher, he was chief editor of Collections and China Numismatics. He has published over 100 numismatic research articles and the masterpiece The Elite of Monetary History of China. Other distinguished contributors from home and abroad are numismatists, collectors and coin dealers, including Bruce Smith (author of Howard Franklin BowkerNumismatic Pioneer), Colin Gullberg (Canada, author of Chopmarked Coins-A History), Chinese American senior numismatist Dr. Chelu Tseng, Steve Feller former international banknote societ y editor, senior numismatic scholar of China modern gold and silver commemorative coins King L. Chan (Hong Kong), senior numismatist Chien Fu Chou (Taiwan) and CEO of Beijing Coins website Richard Guo. It will be a quar terly, bilingual e-journal, covering the latest numismatic research, interviews with famous collectors, auction reviews, and general news. The Journal's distribution is now over 1,000, including over 3,000 in Greater China region. Starting in 2017, Journal of East Asian Numismatics is a co-sponsor of Krause's Coin of the Year Award Ceremony in Berlin with World Money Fair. You are welcome to subscribe, submit articles for publication, and advertise in the upcoming JEAN. The 2022 subscription is free of charge. Please send your email to jeanzg@163.com.

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Contact JEAN Shanghai Office Tel: 021-62130771 Email: jeanzg@163.com Add: Room 1808, Bao Hua Building No. 1211, Changde Rd.

* PX: 300

* full page (A4): 210×297mm * 1/2 page: 210×148mm

東亞泉志電子季刊 · 中英雙語

讓廣大錢幣收藏家、研究學者更深入地瞭解錢幣知識，讓世界各地

2015年5月，周邁可先生決定於2016年1月復刊《東亞泉志》，聘請著名錢幣研究學者袁水清先生擔任主編。袁水清，1948年生，大學金融專科畢業，從事銀行工作30多年。中國錢幣學會會員，澳

的讀者更好地瞭解中國深厚的錢幣文化。

門錢幣學會學術顧問，陝西省錢幣學會第六屆常務理事，西安市收

雜誌高級編輯史博祿先生 1951年生於美國密蘇裏州聖路易斯市，

幣研究》雜誌的責任編輯，《中國錢幣界》雜誌主編。多年來他傾

《東亞泉志》為冠軍拍賣公司總裁周邁可先生和著名錢幣學專家史博祿先生於1994年創辦，是一本學術性錢幣研究專業雜誌。旨在

為密蘇裏大學歷史系學士，哈佛大學中國研究專業碩士。1974-

1977年在克勞斯出版社任《世界錢幣新聞》助理編輯，參與《世界硬幣標準目錄》與《世界紙鈔標準目錄》編輯工作。1977-1987 年全職進行錢幣交易。1988-1989年在中國鄭州大學留學，主修中國研究課程。1991-1993年在哈佛大學攻讀碩士。1994-1998 年任《東亞泉志》總編。史博祿先生擁有30多年的收藏和研究中國錢幣的豐富經驗。他在《東亞泉志》上發表的研究文獻極大地豐富了中國錢幣的知識內涵。

藏協會常務副會長。退休後，歷任《收藏》《古泉園地》《西部金融 · 錢力於中國貨幣史和錢幣學的研究，發表過近百篇錢幣研究文章；

2012年，出版了彙集中國古今錢幣的鴻篇巨制《中國貨幣史之最》。同時聘請國內外知名的錢幣學者、收藏家及專業人士加入，如《霍華德 · 富蘭克林 · 包克—錢幣學研究先驅者》作者史博祿先生、《戳記幣簡史》作者高林先生、美國華人資深錢幣學者曾澤祿先生、國際紙鈔收藏協會前任總編輯 Steve Feller、香港中國現代金銀幣資深研究學者陳景林先生、臺灣資深錢幣學者周建福先生、美國東南亞錢幣專家亞當 · 比亞吉先生以及北京錢幣網總裁郭嘉華先生等。

《東亞泉志》於1994年7月份問世，1999年停刊，發行了18期。雜誌中大部分文章是英文，只有少部分是中文，在20多個國家發行，廣受歡迎，長期佔據許多重要圖書館書架的顯著位置，包括美

復刊後的《東亞泉志》為電子季刊，中英雙語。內容以披露最新錢幣收藏研究成果、推介泉界成功人士的事蹟為主。主要欄目有學術研究、人物專訪、鑒賞爭鳴、拍賣回顧、重要信息等。

國國家博物館史密森尼學會、大英博物館、哈佛燕京圖書館、哈佛大學、耶魯大學、哥倫比亞大學、斯坦福大學、康奈爾大學和美國

從2017年起，《東亞泉志》加盟由克勞斯在德國柏林世界錢幣展覽

錢幣學會、美國錢幣協會。雜誌刊發過不少有重要學術價值的文章，

會期間舉辦的“世界硬幣大獎”頒獎活動。

如詹姆斯 · 史威尼寫的《1900年京局銀元》、史博祿寫的《徐世昌刻字紀念章》和《民國二十五年和民國二十六年之中國銀元故事》、湯姆 · 基納寫的《1897年浙江三分六厘樣幣和1899年安徽三分六

《東亞泉志》2022年免費訂閱，如果需要，請把您的郵箱發到

jeanzg@163.com ！

厘流通幣的關係》以及曾澤祿寫的《臺灣老公銀偽品》等。

JEAN Online Links 《東亞泉志》線上閱讀

第 01 期第 02 期第 03 期第 04 期第 05 期第 06 期第 07 期第 08 期第 09 期第 10 期第 11 期第 12 期第 13 期第 14 期第 15 期第 16 期第 17 期第 18 期第 19 期第 20 期第 21 期第 22 期第 23 期

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地址：澳門羅理基博士大馬路 600E-1 樓 P105 室電話：(853)2833 4556 傳真：(853)2830 4772 Email：dcdesign@macau.ctm.net

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拍賣地址：澳門十六浦索菲特大酒店 6 樓

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拍品委託截止日期：3/31 2021.5.30 冠軍澳門春季拍賣會 NC 收藏拍賣亮點（ 100 項拍品超過 60 項創下拍賣記錄，成交總額高達 1.3 億元）

1911 年（宣統三年）長須龍大清銀幣 NGC MS64，陽葉版，已知品相較好的一枚，原耿愛德收藏起拍價：US 150 000 成交價：US 1 344 000

1911 年（宣統三年）長須龍大清銀幣壹圓，陽葉版， PCGS SP61，WL 收藏起拍價：US 150 000 成交價：US 1 164 000

1907 年（光緒三十三年）北洋造光緒元寶庫平一兩銀質樣幣火球上三個小圓點成一條直線，NGC MS63 起拍價：US 200 000 成交價：US 1 104 000

1898 年（戊戌）江南省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣，凹眼龍，珍珠龍，龍尾 6 根尾鰭 NGC MS65，已知品相較好的一枚，原 Hsi 收藏起拍價：US 100 000 成交價：US 996 000

1904 年（光緒三十年）湖北省造大清銀幣庫平一兩樣幣 , 可能是僅見的一套，分別為一枚黃銅、兩枚紅銅。①黃銅，大字版，NGC MS64；②紅銅，大字版 , NGC MS62 BN; ③紅銅，小字版， NGC AU50 BN 起拍價：US 200 000 成交價：US 912 000

1916 年中華帝國袁世凱像洪憲紀元飛龍銀幣 L. GIORGI 簽字版，NGC MS64，已知品相較好的一枚，可能為原耿愛德收藏起拍價：US 200 000 成交價：US 672 000

1897 年江南省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣老江南，人字邊，NGC UNC DETAILS，品相較好的一枚，席德柄 /NC 收藏起拍價：US 50 000 成交價：US 612 000

1914 年（中華民國三年）袁世凱像壹圓銀幣 L.GIORGI 簽字版，NGC SP65，已知品相較好的一枚起拍價：US 150 000 成交價：US 504 000

1916 年中華帝國袁世凱像洪憲紀元飛龍銀幣沖天冠版，NGC MS64，已知品相較好的一枚起拍價：US 60 000 成交價：US 504 000

1898 年江南省造光緒元寶庫平七錢二分銀幣齒邊，NGC UNC DETAILS，原光，好味道。該幣好品相者非常少，已知僅兩枚為未流通等級起拍價：US 60 000 成交價：US 468 000

1906 年丙午大清金幣庫平一兩光邊大雲版 NGC MS64，已知品相較好的一枚起拍價：US 100 000 成交價：US 462 000

1912 年中華民國袁世凱像（舊譜稱程德全）大鬍子壹圓開國紀念幣黃銅試打幣 NGC UNC DETAILS，原耿愛德收藏，非常稀少起拍價：US 60 000 成交價：US 462 000

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