Air studio

STUDIO AIR 2017 SEMESTER 1, FINNIAN WARNOCK JAICHEN CHE 743021

Contents A.0 Introduction A.1 Design futuring A.2 Design computation A.3 Composition A.4 Conclusion A.5 Learing outcoms A.6 Appendix

Biography

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i, i’m Rebecca, a third year student in university of Melbourne, majoring in architecture. I started my scholastic careers in Melbourne from 2013 for my foundation studies, after this i become an university student. In the aspect of architecture, what really interests me is the visualizing architectural design.

Especially when i got the experience form the course of Digital Design and Fabrication. We have been taught the panelling tools — a plug-in software of rhino, which really introduces me into a new world. My way of thinking has been totally changed, before my new skills and abilities has been enhanced, our design always limited by the material and the tools as well. However, after finish this program, I always expect that these digital tools to impress me, cause we might do not know what will ends in when we change one specific component in the process. Personally, live in a digital society, digital design and fabrication provides me more opportunities to turn imagination into reality.

Moreover, with more depth understanding of architecture (architectural theory), relationship between society and our build environment also rises my attention, we should reflect the theory of sustainable on further architecture design, in order to achieve the balance in resource and use rate and also create a harmonious society. Now I’m looking forward to obtain the knowledge of parametric modeling tools and algorithmic thinking in Studio Air to acquire the better understanding of role that digital design plays today’s society and willing to create some impressive design work.

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A.1 Design Futuring Remark design as a key force of redirection to- wards sustainability in order to move from ‘sus- tainability development’ (and all it stands on) to the ‘development of the Sustainment’.1 ---Fry

APATHETIC

SOCIETY

It has been argued that the rate we consuming resources on the planet is much more than the resources that can be renewed, which means if human being keep working in a old way, people will facing resource depletion which will finally ends in the extinction of mankind. Earth definitely take the impact for what we have done before1. Such as global warming and greenhouse effect. Unsastainable resaut in a increasing rate of defuturing and people start noticing so they should to move towards.

IMMEDIATE ACTIONS AND CONCEPTS Design can offer more possibilities to achieve a desirable future. To some extend, design can be regarded as a matter of problem solving, some issues that bought by unsustanaible behavious might can be addressed by design.

Also, as we live in a modern era, before we implement a innovation, we have thousands time to testfy.

However, not all of design only have positive effect on environment, sometimes shortcomming will appear in the same time. So this means we should mantain the critical thinking about design, and also using the concept of sustainability as the priority in design process.

The following projects will examine examples the importance of biomimicry and material using, and how to apply this concept of sustainability into building and other design project.

Through these precedences, we may have more understanding of the relationship between design and environment.

Moreover, in our further project, material should be fully concered due to the huge impact to environment and also aesthetic should be combined with. https:// encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR_ YXT1k6j7Y5OUXletM69qzo3lPO-HjNVnouIaMhGqo2Wv0XfSfw 1 Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg) 1 Tony Fry. Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16

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A.1 CASE STUDY 1

Project: Architect: Date: Location:

Beijing’s National Aquatics Center CCDI Company, PTW Architect Office, ARUP Company 2008 Beijing

Biomimicry, Sustaianble, and Education

Fig. 2

Arfter finish the competition, it became teh landmark

of Beijing, people inspired and educated by its concept, stimulating people using sustainable design concept for further projects. Stated by Frank Lloyd Wright, nature as a “wealth of artistic suggestion”1, people might use more nature elements to satisify the earth’s needs.

For the futuring maintenance, it is very convenient to repair the membrane structure. For example, if it facing a hole, it will automatically show up in the computer, just need to use stick to fix it.

Fig. 1

As a prime example architect of the

concept of biomimicry, the Beijing’s national aquatics central is inspired by the natural element - water, this concept ranging from transportation breakthroughs to ingenious feats of engineering. Beijing’s national aquatics central also achieve the concept of sustainable which cater to future requirment. It also has a nickname called “watercube” (Fig. 1), due to its appearance is similar to the shape of the soap bubble, which strengthens its resistance to seismic activity (Fig. 4).

Material of this bubbles is EETFE ( Ethyl Tstra Fluoro Ethulene) which is a highly durable plastic. These plastic water bubbles not only match the function of this building in the aspect of appearance, but also captured heat form the sun and lead into the pool which saved 8

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lots of electricity. The bubble wall is protected from the sun’s damaging effects, weather, and settling dust as well. Compare with glasses, more light and fresh air can be penetrate, so it can mantain a constant temprature, which can save 30% of energy. Extra cleaning is not necessary, cause the membrane structure has the function of self-cleaning by using rainwater. Moreover, due to ETFE is a light material, so the steel skeleton structure is also designed to be relatively lightweight, which greatly saved matterial (Fig. 2).

In that time, Beijing’s national Aquatics Central is the world’s largest membrane structure project, and the only fully enclosed public megastructures that using membrane to seal. The structure both challenging the design and implementation.

1 Frank Lloyd Wright, in the cause of architecture. london, phaidon, 2015,

Fig. 4

341.

We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us.

—Winston Churchill

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Fig. 3

ike Winston said that buildings are made by us, but it never ends, the impact of buildings on human life and the surrounding environment still continues. The concept we are using to design the building will finally reflects on people’s life style and also the environment. So sustainable design concept is essential to every architect.

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A.1 CASE STUDY 2 Project: Architect: Date:

Eco-Sustainable Housing – Parametric Design Federico Rossi 2007

Fig. 2

The shell element will be used to create a parametric model in the frame

of the two strips. By controlling the width, length and thickness of the surface, a responsive habitable element can be generated, which increases the wall thickness at high temperatures and makes the deformation of the rhombus according to the internal pressure and wind speed.

One of the way to achieve sustainability

Fig. 1

As we live in a digital era, and also human being have reached the serious situation in environment, using technology to achieve sustainable is the priority of design. The housing distribution always been a tough issue in developing countries, due to the high density and the limited land resources. In the process of design, selection of material and also structure of building will finally effect people living environment and also nature environment, so it is enssential to do some research on the residencial project.

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This project is centered on the

development of accommodation types in Oman, which generated by the accumulation of independent variables into a relational system, in which the interdependencies produces a change that can be adapted to local conditions.

The development of residential units will depend on environmental variables and ecological sustainability principles in order to achieve new space and gradually form a configuration.

is using the local material due to it saved the cost in transportation. In this project, by using local materials (limestone) and simple manufacturing technology, the idea of improving the light conditions and generating different micro climate regions within the unit has been addressed. Due to the complex geometry (e.g., arch), it possible to cut of different sizes of stones in response to changes in solar radiation along the surface.

Fig. 3

To build a two bedroom unit, only 8

cubic meters of limestone has been required; wastage have been recycle back, waste cutting will be used to create concrete foundation.

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efer to figure 2, Field units will be driven by the organization of the quarry. The number of materials to be cut from the landscape can be controlled by arranging the elements along the contour lines of the terrain.

Rainwater will be collected by the space between unites during heavy rains.

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A.2 Design Computation It has been argued that the digital tools including computation design can offer more chance and possibilities to the process, fabrication and also construction in design industry . For example, since grasshopper hasbeen widely used in the 21 century, a wide variety of building forms has emerged.

Moreover, by using the computation design, more opportunities can be created, architects’ abilities can be enhanced to address highly complex issues.1

Using new custom digital tool, for architectual innovation, the combination of structual, material and environement performance can be a basic performance.

Document saving is a significant progress in digital design, by using the cloud system, anyone who can access to the internet can share togeter for one document. Any changes can be update in the same time which ensure the collection and saving of the file.

Computation design not only provides possibilities in communication and simulation in architectual construction, but also re-define the practice and creat a new meaning.

Programming language plays the dominant role in computation design.

Once a software have been created, source document still be keep in the way of programming language. So people have the chance to look back and repair bugs and also processing it to a new version.

1 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge).

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A.2 CASE STUDY 1 Project: Architect: Date: Location:

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 University of Stuttgart 2015-16 Stuttgart, Germany

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Athletes and Olympic spectators take

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egital design can improve the stand of living and alsovaid our furture if it have been used effeciently. Computation design, such as this mesh system, when it has been envolved in real life, people will found out technology can increase the life satisfication.

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nspiration of MegaFaces is the fact that digital technology is changing the world around us, thinking, and how the system take the respond to these changes.

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avilion contains the area of 2000 square meters, with dynamic elevation, customers’ face can be transformed in three-dimensional space, so that everyone has the opportunity to participate and become the face of the Olympic Games.

photos inside the special 3D photo studio. Their images are formed by 11000 computer programmed actuators under the elastic skin of the building, with three portraits, each of the portraits is 8 meters high, displayed on a building at the same time. Each of the 11000 actuators carries a translucent sphere containing a RGB-LED lamp at its tip.

Each actuator is used as a pixel to extend up to two meters from the building to create a size image, or to change the color to a part of an image or video that is simultaneously displayed on the facade1.

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efer to figue6, image sampling grasshopper is a simple virsion of the magafaces. I believe this command code can be used in other reality project.

1 Mark Burry, Scripting Cultures, John Wiley and sons (Chicheser), 2010, p.8.

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Fig. 6

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A.2 CASE STUDY 2 Project: Architect: Date: Location:

Heydar Aliyev Center Zaha Hadid Architects, Patrik Schumacher 2013 Baku, Azerbaijan

--Geometry, structure, materiality One of the most critical but challenging elements of the project is the development of architectural skin. The goal is to achieve such a continuous surface, which appears to be uniform, required combination of different functions, building logic and technology system, and it should be integrated into the building envelope. Computing design allows for continuous control and communication of these complexities among project participants.

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The design of the Heydar Aliyev center establishes a continuous and smooth relationship between the surrounding square and the interior of the building.

Detailed formations, such as undulations, bifurcations, folds and deformations, modify the surface of the square into an architectural landscape, Performing multiple functions: Welcoming, embracing, and guiding visitors through different levels of internal.

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A.3 Composition/ generation Historically, architects used to use pen

and pencil to complete their drawing.

After the appearance of computer, pen and pencil gradually fallen into the basic drawing tools for diagramming and also illustration, architects are inclined to apply computer as a tool that more efficiently and accuracy. However, nowadays, we already overcome the stage of using computing as a composition tool (such as CAD technical drawing and digital modeling), people no longer satisfied with these old softwares. As Brady estated “we are moving from a ear where architects use software to one where they create software.”1 the era of generative computerization.

We have entered a new era of generative computerization, and we are already familiar with the ability to generate computer (which contributes to the discovery and optimization process such as Biomimicry), I believe that algorithm model is the key element of go on for a new stage.

We are using computer to help us to think, and also rely on computers to generate our representative design.

By using the computer to find the flow patterns and relationships in the world, to achieve our design as a computerized method of generating system.

1 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 0815

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A.3 CASE STUDY 1 Project: Architect: Date: Location:

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round on the principle of biology and particularity of material, the material system have been developed as a double-layered structure,which is similar to the second growth structure of sand dollars. The project composed by very thin strips of timber. In order to measure the anisotropy of the timber, the strips are laminated so that the direction and thickness to correspond with the different stiffness have been asked. As a result, the initially flat strip can be elastically bent to find a specific shape pre-programmed into its laminate.

In the state of deformation, the shape of the element is locked by the robot stitching. In this way, 151 geometrically different elements can be produced, which produce a rigid double curved shell structure during assembly

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 University of Stuttgart 2015-16 Stuttgart, Germany

Fig. 2

STUTTGART,

--”A Demonstrator in the Intersection of Architecture”

The study shows how the computational

Fig. 1

This ICD-ITKE Research pavilion finished

by the institution of computational design (ICD) and the Institute of building structures and structure design (ITKE) of the university of Stuttgart, showing the techniques of robotic textile manufacturing of segmented timber shell. The pavilion is the first one that using industrial sewing techniques with wood elements on architectural scale.

This pavilion demonstrating the potential for computational design, simulation and construction of manufacturing processes. The project is designed and implemented by students and researchers within the multidisciplinary team of architects, engineers, biologists and paleontologists, which means architecture is changing now and seeking for the cooperation with other realms.

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---”Biomimetic Investigation into Shell Structure”

complexity of biological principles and the complex relationships between materials, forms, and robotic manufacturing can lead to innovative timber construction methods. This multidisciplinary approach not only leads to effective and material efficient lightweight structures, it also explores the new spatial quality and the possibility

Fig. 3

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efer to figure 2, the project begins with the analysis of the architectural form of sand dollars. At the same time, a manufacturing technology is developed, which enables the production of elastic bending of the double deck segments made of a custom laminated robot sewn with beech plywood. In the wood structure, the introduction of textile connection method, can achieve the goal of lightweight and timber shells with different performance.

According to figure 3 & 4, computer

shows each growth model of the project and also different layers within varies displacement levels to grain the better working performance of robotic sewing.

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A.3 CASE STUDY 2 Project: Architect: Date: Location:

Kunsthaus Graz Peter Cook and Colin Fournier 2003 Graz, Austria

The planner of the project, Peter

Cook and Colin Fournier, successfully combined this project with the former Murvorstadt’s historical atmosphere and create a new effective and innovative design language. With the development of new technology, people can break free of traditions and create someting new.

The difference between new biological morphological structure of the old belfry is a sign of contrast of the tradition and innovation of the city. In the container of urban planning of this city, Graz Museum treated a interface that connect the past and future. This project became the landmarks and example that facing future acquirement and achieve sustainable.

Its distinctive otherworldly form and ‘skin’ of made of iridescent blue acrylic panels has earned the building its nickname, ‘the friendly alien’. From the surface of the skin, the growth of the nozzle, to ensure that the tilt of the north for the best lighting.

There is nothing permanent except change.

-Heraclitust

Fig. 1

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n both form and material, the building is designed to strike a dramatic contrast with the surrounding baroque roofs of its ‘host city’ with its red clay roofing tiles; however, it also integrates the façade of an 1847 iron house. Kunsthaus Graz is a very good example of the coposition of new and old elements.

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n this project, Kunsthaus Graz has implemented an innovative concept and its Gallery offers a variety of possibilities to meet the requirements of contemporary exhibition. Design, new media, Internet art, film and photography are all under one roof. Compare to old and classic gallery, there is no permanent exhibition, no permanent warehouse and also no research facilities in this building. The sole purpose is to introduce and purchase

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efer to figure 3-6, the computation design have been used to demonstrate the new concept of the

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A.4 Conlusion

A.5 Conlusion

The process of society promotes the

During these three weeks, with my previous experience in didital design and fabrication, i have more understanding of the really digital design works. Grasshopper is much useful than panelling tools. By changing coefficient of command can create varies of forms. Also, after bake into rhino, grasshopper still can be used to create new form which is really effecienct and intersting. Use grasshopper and other pug-in cooperately, complexity and unexpectable obeject can be created. Also, similar to programming design, logic is very imporatnt in the using of grasshopper, so figure out the function of each command and concept will be my next goal.

development of science and technology, the way people manipulate tools also constantly update corresponding by the these. The spring up of digital design is the societal trends.

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ots of benefits bought by the computation design, variety of building forms, effective design method, and also the collection of data. but through these technoly development, poeple started to rely on competers and digital method do anything in life which still get some shortcoming, the demise of handicraft industry and also the degradation of practical ability. So we should hold a dialectical vision to see these changes and always keep a clear mind, sus we can mantain the continuous improvement.

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A.6 Algorithmic Sketches

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Bibliography Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16

Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of ComputerAided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 Mark Burry, Scripting Cultures, John Wiley and sons (Chicheser), 2010, p.8.

Frearson, A. (2014). Asif Khan designs a “Mount Rushmore of the digital age” for Sochi. [online] Dezeen. http://www.dezeen.com/2014/01/10/asif-khan-mount-rushmore- of-the-digital-age-sochiwinter-olympics/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017].

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/786874/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017].

Einblick in das Gebäude, https://ww2017, w.museum-joanneum.at/ kunsthaus-graz/architektur/gebaeude [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017].

Organic architecture - 11 Best buildings, 2015, Shttp://www.designcurial.com/news/organicarchitecture---11-best-buildings-4540983/2 [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. [Accessed 6 Mar. 2017].

Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects. ArchDaily, 2013. http://www.archdaily. com/448774/heydar-aliyev-center-zaha-hadid-architects [accessed 5 Mar. 2017] MegaFaces Pavilion, 2013, https://segd.org/megafaces-pavilion-0 [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017].

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