Client Profile: The Carltons
Climate Analysis o
Sun Path
Rainfall
N Winter Solstice
28.5o
12pm E
4pm
9am W
Summer Solstice
75.5
o
S
Mr and Mrs Carlton are a young professional couple planning to live in the inner northern city. They have a two-year old daughter and a three-year old son. Mr Carlton works 9-5 in the city and Mrs Carlton is a freelance graphic designer who runs her business from home, whilst also caring for her children.
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Annual average: 580.6 mm
Temperature
Annual mean lowest temperature: 19.9 C Annual mean highest temperature: 20.9 C High day-night temperature range
Climatic Zone 6, with 4 distinctive seasons: Mild to cool winters, low humidity. Hot to very hot summers, moderate humidity.
Client Interest and Preference - aim to be energy and water efficient - aim to be as environmentally friendly as possible - interested in using renewable energy sources - minimal noise level as Mrs Carlton works from home - enjoy gardening and like the idea of rainwater and greywater garden - avoid active systems with dry, drafty and dusty air, which might cause discomfort to the children - no hydronic slab heating due to unpleasant experiences
Wind Rose Summer
Winter
Garden Area
raingarden and greywater garden
Party Area
with permeable pavings
Landscape
Sitting and Orientation
Solar PV Panels
The plants help in passive design strategies. Bushes are planted at the north of the site to act as windbreak to block cold winter wind. Deciduous trees are planted at the north and west of the site to provide shade especially during summer. (refer to
65
page 2)
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The house is oriented at approximately 65 degrees west of north. This brings benefit to the passive design strategies as: 1) Living room and dining area are facing north 2) All bedrooms are aligned as close as possible to the south.
Solar Collector
Meanwhile, permeable paving and raingarden help to mitigate stormwater runoff while greywater garden helps in reusing wastewater from the house. (refer to page 6)
Extensive Green Roof
By locating closer to the south-east of the site, this: 1) Enables easier connection to the services as majority of the utility metre are located in this area. 2) Minimize impact of solar access on adjacent property which is a single storey building 3) Utilize existing trees in the park as shading devices for bedroom at the eastern side.
Solar Photovoltaic Systems Solar modules are installed and oriented at 30 facing north to capture sunlight and converts it into electricity for household usage. The modules chosen are monocrystalline solar modules, which has higher output efficiency compared to other types. (refer to page 4)
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Adjacent Property
Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors
As the properties are all single storey, the house is situated closer to the east of the site to avoid preventing solar access to the neighbour. W
Two solar collectors are installed - one for domestic hot water usage and one for hydronic heating system. The two systems operate independently to provide sufficient hot water for both domestic and heating usage. The solar collectors are installed and oriented at 52.5 facing north to maximize efficiency. (refer to pages 5 and 7)
Legend Sewer line Water line Gas line
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Power line
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Stormwater line
Green Roof Extensive green roof with shallow profile are fitted to the southern side of the roof to bring environmental and aesthetic benefit as well as providing some thermal and acoustic insulation. (refer to page 8)
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
Scale: 1:200 @ A3
Evergreen Trees Deciduous Trees Bushes Site Boundary Gas connection
Gas metre
Premises connection device
Water metre
Telecom connection
Sewer pit
Electric meter
Telcom pit
Electricity connection
Electric pole w/ street light
Rainwater tank
Legal Point of Discharge
Water connection
Side entry pit
Stormwater
Junction pit
Sewage
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1. Site Plan
Plants: Trees and Bushes
Themal Mass
Trees are planted to provide shading as well as aiding in directing wind flow. Deciduous trees are planted at the northern side to block summer sun but when they lose their foliage in winter, o they allow winter sunlight to pass through. Meanwhile bushes at the north act as windbreak and helps to block cold winter wind.
According to climatic analysis, the site has high diuranal temperature range. Reversed brick veneer wall and earth coupling thermal mass (concrete slab-on-ground) is desired, particularly at the northern living zones to moderate diurnal cycles and create comfortable living spaces. They act as heat sink to absorb solar heat gain to keep the interior temperature lower during the day and allowing night-time cooling.
Pergola with deciduous plants
Ceiling Fan
This is firstly built to provide a shaded open space for outdoor activities. Secondly, the pergola with deciduous plants help blocking high angle summer sun while allowing winter sun into the house.
To improve air circulation in the house, ceiling fans with reversible motor are installed in the living room and the three bedrooms. In summer, it can create cooling effect by manipulating direction of air flow. It can also be used to minimize convection draughts, especially during winter, as it pushes down the warm air from ceiling to living reference: https://www.overstock.com/Lighting-Ceiling-Fans/30-Miranda-3-Blade-Chandelier-Ceilingareas. image Fan-with-Remote-Control-and-Light-Kit-Included/32146404/product.html
Glazed Louvre Windows
Louvres of Pergola
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Fixed horizontal louvres of the pergola are to set to the noon mid-winter sun angle (28.5 degrees) and the spacing is set to be at least 75% of their width to allow winter sun to pass through.
These windows are installed in living, kitchen and dining areas of the house to enable ventilation while maximize solar access. The angle of louvres can be adjusted hence it can help manipulate ventilation path and furthermore enhance stack ventilation of the house.
wa ma shing chin e
Glazed Windows with External Louvre Shutter
These windows are installed in bedrooms. The interior glazing can be left open in summer to allow ventilation while it can be closed in winter to prevent heat loss. Since the house is located right beside a public park, the external shutter can be closed to protect the privacy and safety of occupants while still enabling ventilation. The angle of louvre is also adjustable, hence it can help manipulating sun levels into the house.
Vertical Screen of Pergola
The north-western site of the pergola admits low angle sun into the house. Hence, adjustable shade sail is attached to the vertical side of the pergola to enable manipulation of sun levels.
image reference: https://www.intoblinds.com.au/shop/item/fly-screen-doors
Fly Mesh Security Door
This door has two layers: a wooden door and a fly mesh door. The wooden door can be left open in summer to allow ventilation while it can be closed in winter to prevent heat loss. The double-layer door also provide privacy protection.
3 images above reference: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/shading
image reference: https://www.intoblinds.com.au/shop/item/fly-screen-doors
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
2. Passive Thermal (Solar and Ventilation)
Roof
Exterior Cladding
Wall
Insulation
Cool Roof (Recycled Concrete Tiles)
Weatherboard
Reversed Brick Veneer
Ceiling and Wall Insulation
Light-coloured roofing materials have cooling effect as it reflect sunlight. The use of recycled materials reduces environmental impact while providing benefits such as durable, high fire and moisture resistance.
Reconstituted timber weather-
image reference: https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/suppliers/monier-roofing/eden-brae-s-new-display-home-captures-trending-mid
Roof Type: Crossed Gable and Hip
Main roof is gable roof, which increases roof area, allows easy water drainage and better ventilation. Meanwhile, hip roof has deep eaves which can help in shading the eastern bedroom to keep it cool. The roof is constructed using timber roof trusses, with insulation installed between ceiling joists and roof tiles laid on top of battens.
Reversed brick veneer is used in the living and dining areas for its high thermal mass, which helps in moderating high diurnal temperature range to create comfortable family spaces. The method of construction is timber frame with cladding. Insulation is placed between stud frames, with external cladding and an internal layer of brickwork.
board has low embodied energy and is highly durable. It is used as cladding material for the reversed brick veneer wall. It offers flexibility in design and acts as effective thermal and moisture barrier.
Slab edge insulation
Strawbale
Strawbale is used in the bedrooms and southern elevation where high amount of thermal mass is not required. As strawbale has high insulation level, it helps reducing heat transmission and in turn reducing cooling and heating energy required. The method of construction involves laying of highly compressed strawbale bricks as infill elements between timber frame. Clay and lime render is then applied on strawbale walls for rain, fire and vermin protection..
Roof Plan
Windows W09
W10 W08
W11
It is durable and energy efficient as it provides good air seal and has high insulation level.
W12 W14 W13
W15
Two layers of low-e glass
Cavity
Interlocking Timber Blocks acting as thermal barrier
Insulation Layer W16
wa ma shing chin e
W06 W05
Window and Door Schedule 1000
500 louvre
Sealant
Floor Materials
1200
1200
W02 W06 W01 W16 W07 W17 W15
W03 W05
200
3100
louvre
2100
2100
1200
louvre
1200
W04 W14
Note: this window has double layer (with external louvre shutter).
910 louvre
1330 1130
D01
W03
D01
Concrete Slab-on-ground
Sealants
Carpet is used as floor cover in all the bedrooms, which provide additional layer of thermal comfort
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Slab Edge Insulation (extruded polystyrene)
W01
The concrete slabs on ground help in passive heating and cooling. It helps in moderating diurnal temperature range as it absorbs solar heat gain to keep the interior temperature lower during the day and allowing night-time cooling.
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Weathering / Protection Cover
W02
Concrete Slab-on-ground
Carpet
900
SD01
Timber Stud Frame
380
910
600
louvre
300
1000
Weatherboard Cladding
W17
W04
300
910 louvre
1200
Ceiling Lining Brick Veneer
Reversed Brick Veneer
uPVC Frame
2100
Roof Insulation
(between ceiling joist)
Wall and Floor Slab (Living Zone) Details
W07
900
Gutter Fascia Soffit Lining Weatherboard Cladding Wall Insulation
dw
Glazing Details
W11 W13
Roof Details
(reflective surface facing interior)
SD01
uPVC Frame
W08 W10 W09 W12
Insulating slab edge with minimum R-value of 1.0 prevents warmth escaping through the edges of the slab, which provides extra thermal comfort. It also helps in reducing termite risk. Extruded polystyrene is selected for slab edge insulation as it is easy to install, has greater structural strength and moisture resistance.
Roof Tiles Batten Roof truss Sarking
Low-e Double Glazed Window
The window type selected is to attain high insulation level as it can reduce the amount of heat conducted through the glass while minimizing the amount of infrared and ultraviolet light coming through the glass. The SHGC and U-value for glazing are 0.31 and 2.0 respectively.
Ceiling and wall are to be insulated with minimum R4.1 and R2.8 insulation respectively, which act as effective barrier against cold in winter and hot in summer. Insulation layer is installed by fitting into the stud frame. The material used for insulation is glass wool batts (with up to 80% recycled glass material) and reflective foil laminate (RFL).
Tiles
Tiles are used in all wet areas for moisture protection.
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
All junctions and gaps between building components are sealed using flexible, durable silicone sealants and latex chaulks to prevent heat loss due to air leakage hence improving thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the house.
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
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3. Passive Design, Materials and Construction
Lighting
Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Zone and Calculations
The house uses solar PV panels as renewable source of energy to generate household electricity. A 5kW system is installed to cover majority of the electrical appliances and equipment used by the 4-member family. A total of 20 x 250W panels are needed, which take up roughly 34 sqm of roof space. Monocrystalline solar modules are selected due to higher output efficiency. It performs best in cooler temperature, which is suitable as the site’s annual average temperature on site is around 20 C. The modules are oriented on rooftop at 30 facing north to capture sunlight. The system is grid connected hence abundant energy can be fed back to grid. The panels are also connected to micro inverters which converts DC current from solar panels to AC current for household usage. o
Lamps
30
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Monocrytalline Solar PV Panels I
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Household Loads
Micro Inverter
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Ceiling Fans with Light
Battery needs DC Household loads need AC
Electric Meter
Utility Grid
installed in the living room and the three bedrooms to improve ventilation at the same time saving space as it is multifunctional
Electric Switchboard
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3.5 kWh Solar Battery
PV Meter
Solar Battery Storage Solar battery store energy for use when demand exceeds output. The battery allows the home to continue using solar power in the evening by storing excess energy produced during the day. This hence maximizes the client’s self consumption of solar energy, reducing the needs to purchase electricity from the grid. To maximize returns, the battery size selected is 3.5 kWh for the 5kW solar system. It is stored indoor in a well insulated place to avoid damage while enabling easy maintenance.
Ceiling Light
2
installed in dining area, hallway and laundry to illuminate larger area. 2
Directional Downlights
2
connect to solar pv panels
Legend
Wall Light
2
installed in the outdoor pergola and living area to provide supplementary lighting.
2 2
Telecom pit
Ceiling light fitting
Power supply unit
Wall light fitting
Network termination device
Directional downlight (single)
2
dw
2
2
installed above kitchen counters and bathrooms to illuminate specific tasks in these areas.
5kW Solar PV Panels
N
Roof
2
Moveable Lamps
2
Premises connection device Smoke and fire alarm alarm
2
Table or floor lamps are placed in bedrooms to provide flexible supplementary lighting. 2
2
wa ma shing chin e
employed for the ceiling lighting to enable lowering brightness of light when high illumination is not required. This helps in reducing energy output and increasing lamp life.
2
2
Dimmer Controls
Directional Downlight (group) 2
Weatherproof power point
PV Meter
Single light switch
Electric Switchboard
Double light switch
Electric meter
Triple light switch
Electric pole
Exhaust fan
2
2
Ceiling fan with light
R pu .W. mp
Bulb Type
Double power point
Solar Battery Storage
2 2
LED Light Bulb
2
LED can be used as both directional and non-directional light. It is a durable bulb type which has high efficacy that can generate over 40 lumens/W. It also offers wide temperature range and is dimmable. Hence it helps to achieve energy efficiency goals at the same time save running cost.
PV Meter 2
Electric Switchboard
Electric Meter
2
References Lamps:
Solar Panels:
https://www.universalfans.com.au/online/brilliant-vector-ceiling-fan-with-led-light-black-52/ https://greenice.com/en/led-ceiling-lights-circular/596-ceiling-light-led-de-ceiling-o225mm-18w-1190lm-30-000h-8435402505730.html https://www.templeandwebster.com.au/Modena-4-Light-LED-Adjustable-Spotlight-OL58811-4BK-ORIB3335.html https://www.luxurylighting.co.uk/brianna-nickel-double-wall-light---feiss-lighting-99348-p.asp https://www.templeandwebster.com.au/Black-Sevres-Metal-Table-Lamps-LL-27-0038-LELI1047.html https://www.mitre10.com.au/tradeline-led-dimmer-with-light-switch https://www.yourhome.gov.au/energy/lighting https://www.kfsolar.com/product/monocrystalline-solar-panel-360w/ https://sunmetrix.com/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-micro-inverters/
Energy Rating: https://www.energyrating.gov.au/about-e3-program/understanding-label Lighting Levels: https://specifier.com.au/how-many-lumens-do-i-need-to-light-my-area/; https://www.superbrightleds.com/blog/residential-recommended-lighting-levels/6548/
Energy Rating To achieve energy efficiency goal, appliances and equipment with higher energy rating are desired. Models of appliances including television and refrigerator are compared based on their energy rating and advices are given to the client to select most energy efficient models.
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Madina Zhazylbekova
Network Power Termination Supply Unit Device
PV meter, electric meter, switchboard, PCD, PSU and NTD are all installed closely together to enable easy maintenance.
Inside the house
Date: 05 Sep 2021
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
4. Electrical and Telecom
Premises Connection Device
Outside the house
Rainwater Harvesting
Tankulator
Usage
According to Victoria’s Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, average residential water use across Melbourne is 162 litres per person per day. Therefore, for the Carltons, 162*4 = 648 litres of water are assumed to be used each day. The roof catchment area is estimated to be 100 sqm, assuming minimal obstruction from the solar panels on rooftop. According to Tankulator, the optimal tank size is 1000L, and tank water will be available in 57 days a year (16%).
Rainwater collected will be used in the whole house. For potable usage, rainwater is treated to ensure there is no pathogens, toxins or heavy metals.
Wet System
is used to collect water from entire roof catchment to maximize rainwater harvesting. Rainwater flows from eave to gutters and downpipes and finally collected in a rainwater tank.
Hot Water Service Solar Hot Water System with Heat Pump
Evacuated tube solar collectors captures sunlight better and is more efficient in transferring heat than the flat plate solar collectors. As Mrs Carlton and their children mostly stay at home, decoupled system with ground storage tank and heat pump is chosen so that they have storage of hot water readily available for use. The solar collector placed on rooftop is oriented at 52.5 facing north to maximize efficiency. Meanwhile, heat pump helps heating water by compressing surrounding warm air when the tank temperature falls below pre-set level. This ensure that the client will have sufficient hot water supplied at desired temperature. The system is placed outdoor at the north, nearest to kitchen where small, frequent amount of hot water is required. The size of system selected is 4 sqm solar collector with 350 litres storage tank, as recommended by Sustainability Victoria’s website. o
Solar Hot Water System Illustrated
Rainwater Tank
image reference: solar collector: https://www.centrometal.hr/en/portfolio/cvskc-10-vacuum-tube-solar-collector_en/ heat pump: https://chromagen.com.au/smarter-hot-water-vic
Slimline tank is installed along the southern wall as it is space-saving and enables easy connection to mains water for backup purpose. This further takes advantage of gravity to help delivering water from higher point (59.77) of the site.
evacuated tube solar collectors Solar Collector (4m2)
Solar Collectors
N
Roof 52.5
o
image reference: https://ecosustainablehouse.com.au/products/standard-slimline-tank
Gutter and Downpipes
Downpipes are installed every 9m along gutter to comply with the National Construction Code. Leaf guard to gutter, leaf-shedding rainhead and first flush diverter are installed to filter out unwanted debris. For the first flush diverter, the size desired is 50 litres according to Tankulator’s recommendation.
heat pump booster fro
me
vac u
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active heating system
tub
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Pump
If water temperature has not reached preset level, heat pump heats water further by compressing surrounding warm air.
tor
HW
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Further filtration such as Tannin filter and Sediment filter are required to filter unwanted substances and ensure the water is clean for intended purpose. For potable usage, rainwater is further treated with sub 1 micron absolute filter to ensure safety in consumption.
B
HW
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Water Efficiency To achieve water efficiency goal, products and fixtures such as washing machine and showerheads with higher star rating in the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards Scheme (WELS) are selected and recommended to the client for household usage. image reference: https://www.waterrating.gov.au/
Gas No gas will be connected to the house as it is no longer a cost effective choice according to ATA (Alternative Technology Association)’s report. It is also less energy efficient when compared to using modern electric appliances. Additionally, as the house utilizes solar PV system and solar hot water system, gas service is not required hence can be omitted.
100 tan 0L k
gutter downpipe rainhead first flush diverter
Legend
rainwater tank drain to overflow overflow to stormwater via underground pipe
1000L tank
there is always water in pipe
hot water storage tank 350 litres
wa ma shing chin e
Wet System Illustrated
cold water is pumped to the PUMP roof
cold water inlet
dw
Filtration
HWS
heat pump booster
domestic hot water B
Pressure pump is used to deliver water from rainwater tank to other parts of the house at mains pressure.
B
hot water outlet
Legal point of discharge Water metre
household usage
pump filter
HWT B
Hot water tank
Downpipe
Heat pump booster
Eave gutter
Rainwater tank
Potable water
Filter
Rainwater
Pump
Hot water
to pump and filter
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
5. Water and Gas Supply
Greywater System
Sewer System
Precaution
Gradient Fall
The Carltons will use low or no sodium and phosphorus product to ensure greywater is safe for reuse.
Collection
Greywater is wastewater collected from non-toilet plumbing fixtures, including showers, bath and taps. Wastewater from kitchens and dishwasher are excluded from greywater because of risk in contamination by pathogens and grease.
Usage
Greywater is reused for outdoor irrigation and indoor toilet flushing. This is especially useful if draught and water restrictions occur. Greywater is also reused for first rinse of laundry washing, then rainwater or potable water is used for the second rinse to ensure cleanliness.
Sewer System Illustrated
fresh air sewer air
site boundary
sewer vent
The highest point of the house is the shared bathroom and toilet (59.77) while the lowest point on site is the sewer pit (59.46). This provides an advantage with natural ground gradient. The main sewer pipe is hence placed in between to connect these two points. The distance is approximately 24m while the fall is 0.31m. The gradient ratio is therefore 0.31:24 ≈ 1:75, which is greater than minimum requirement of 1:65 for a DN100 drain according to AS3500.2 Plumbing and Drainage. Hence, risk of blockage is reduced to minimal.
remove unpleasant smell and allow fresh air into the sewer pipes to maintain pressure in the system.
Connection
Blackwater and grey water (stored not more than 24 hours) are flown to the sewer pit on site, then to the public sewer line.
Air vent
dishwaser
Air vent is installed on the roof to remove unpleasant smell at the same time allowing fresh air into the sewer pipes to maintain pressure in the system.
kitchen sink
toilet
Diversion and Filtration System
This system is chosen as it has filtering device and is relatively more cheaper than a diversion and treatment system. It involves filtering particles before delivering greywater for reusing. It comes with a tank to collect the initial gush of greywater. After undergoing coarse and fine filtration, greywater is delivered using pump for usage.
fall: 0.31m gradient: 1:75
to sewer pit
site sewer drain
public sewer main
sewage flows by gravity down the piping.
Treatment for Indoor Usage
Greywater is reused in gardens with little or no treatment. For indoor usage, chlorine is used to further disinfect the greywater to ensure safety in reusing.
greywater discharged to sewer pit greywater for garden watering
Outdoor Irrigation
dw
Agi-pipe is used to deliver greywater below ground surface for irrigation in the garden. Plants in garden are specifically selected for their tolerance of greywater. These plants include various types of conifers, which are also suitable to be grown in rainwater garden.
Storage and Disposal
Stormwater Rainwater collected from gutter and downpipes will be harvested for rainwater reused. Downpipes are installed every 9m along gutter to comply with the National Construction Code. The overflow of the harvested rainwater will be disharged via underground pipe. Meanwhile. stormwater that falls on ground may carry soil, organic matter, litter and other contaminants that will pollute the downstream waterways.
Water Sensitive Urban Design
Greywater cannot be stored more than 24 hours. Therefore, the client will reset system everyday to discharge excess greywater to sewer.
To reduce the issue above, the site maximizes area of pervious surfaces, such as by using permeable pavings, so that less water drains off-site into the stormwater system. Garden beds consist of loamy sand and gravel sand to treat stormwater by filtering the water naturally and removing pollutants. Lastly, the client will avoid using herbicide to minimize contamination of stormwater. Plants suitable for both raingarden and greywater garden such as conifers are planted.
wa ma shing chin e
Greywater System Illustrated
Stormwater Runoff Mitigation Strategy Permeable Pavings on ground
reused for first rinse
showers/ bath
bathroom sink
laundry
greywater system with filter
chlorine disinfection
toilet
Conifers
X
reference: https://pumpdepot.co.nz/product/watermate-greywater-systems/
rainwater falls onto ground greywater tank
slotted agi-pipe for garden irrigation
filter
overflow to stormwater via underground pipe
reference: youtube.com/wa tch?v=dWivFR5LYjI
greywater from household flows into greywater system
Gravel beds / Creek beds
stormwater runoff
Legend
greywater discharged into sewer
Greywater system Into greywater system
blackwater to sewer
Out of greywater system
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
absorbed into ground
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
X
Sewer
Downpipe
Sewer vent
Eave gutter
Rainwater tank
Legal point of discharge
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
biological filtration by plants
stormwater runoff photo reference: https://aqualitalia.com.au/permeable-paving/ https://www.your home.gov.au/water/stormwater https://www.nurseriesonline.com.au/gardening-articles/dwarf-conifers/
6. Water Recycling and Drainage
Solar Hydronic Heating
Heating Strategy Illustrated
Hydronic Panels are chosen to satisfy client’s
barrier against heat loss
1) preference: no hydronic slab due to unpleasant past experiences
(refer to page 3 for details)
2) family’s condition (two young children stay at home most time and one adult working from home): hydronic panels provide high level of comfort with no noise, draft and dust. Moreover, hydronic panels are safe to touch, which prevent any possible injuries to the young children.
insulated roof warm air rises
3) energy efficiency goals: hydronic panels are more energy efficient when comparing to electric coil in slab and electric panel.
Solar Energy
Water is heated using evacuated tube solar collectors and pumped through to panel radiators to heat the rooms. Although using same energy sources and equipment (evacuated tube solar collectors) as the domestic solar HWS, solar hydronic heating system operates independently to provide sufficient heating power for the household. It also comes with a heat pump, which helps heating water when the tank temperature falls below pre-set level. (for operational
double glazed window
(panel radiator placed under window sills to pevent condensation)
Image reference: https://www.topeninejlevneji.cz/cz/e-shop/1408584/c83255-kermi/kermi-therm-x2-profil-v-10-600-x-800-mm-ftv100600801l1k-spande skovy-radiator-leve-spodni-pripojeni-span.html https://www.huntheat.com.au/products/heated-towel-rails/bd-25/
air heated by panel radiator
insulated wall
air cooled by room sinks
insulated slab edge
diagram, refer to page 5 Solar Hot Water System Illustrated)
The Panels
fro
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Zoning
vac u
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active heating system
tub
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Although using hydronic panels might be considered inefficient for the large living zone, its combined use with passive design strategies will be sufficient to heat the house.
domestic hot water tor
B
HW
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B
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Orientation HR
dw
H
Living zone is oriented towards north with large double glazed windows. The space is hence heated naturally by sunlight during the day.
T
H
T
Living Zone (Living / Dining / Kitchen) is large in area hence require high temperature. Three panels with central thermostat controller are installed to achieve high performance. This combines with the thermal mass (reversed brick veneer wall, concrete slab on ground) will keep this zone warm during winter.
Integration with Passive Design Strategies
H
Hydronic panels heat the rooms via radiation and natural convection. All panels are located under window sills to enable effective hot and cold air convection at the same time avoiding condensation at glazing.
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Thermal Mass
Bedroom with Ensuite Mrs Carlton is expected to use the study in this room very often as she works from home. This bedroom is also larger when compared to other bedroom. Hence panel of higher heating power is needed. H T H
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Insulation
HR
The strawbale walls have high insulation level. Additionally, insulation batts and reflective foil insulation are fitted to all walls and ceiling. Extruded polystyrene is also used for slab edge insulation. Furthermore, sealants are used in all gaps and junctions to prevent any thermal bridge. This overall ensures the house is well insulated and has effective barrier against heat transmission. In other words, heat loss is reduced hence the house could be kept warm.
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wa ma shing chin e
Other Bedrooms These are children’s bedroom and are expected only to be used during night time. Hence panels of lower heating power are installed.
The construction materials of the living zone zone are reversed brick veneer and concrete slab-on-ground, which has high thermal mass. They act as heat sink and absorb the heat radiated by sunlight and the panel radiator during the day, then release the heat when surrounding temperature falls at night. This thus helps in keeping the house warm all day.
H
Toilet and Bathrooms The areas of these spaces are small and Carltons usually spend at most 20 minutes in these spaces. Therefore, toilet uses panels with lowest heating power. Meanwhile, heated towel rails are installed in bathroom to provide convenience and can heat the room effectively without additional panel. DAY
T
Laundry and Hallway are not used for prolong period of time hence no panels are installed.
NIGHT
Legend
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
heat absorbed
H
Central-controlled hydronic heater
HWT Hot water tank
T
Thermostat
T
H
Hydronic heater with thermostat
Hot water
T
HR
Hydronic heated tower rail with thermostat
Cold water
Madina Zhazylbekova
heat released
B
Heat pump booster
Date: 05 Sep 2021
thermal mass： concrete slab-on-ground and reverse brick veneer wall
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
7. Heating
thermal mass： concrete slab-on-ground and reverse brick veneer wall
Integration with Passive Design Strategies
Cooling Systems As the site has temperate climate (annual mean highest temperature: 20o C), o be cool. Hence only two following active systems are most days are expected to employed:
Orientation
All bedrooms are aligned as close to south as possible to reduce solar access hence allowing night-time sleeping comfort in hot weather.
Cross Ventilation
Louvre windows and windows with external shutter enhance cross ventilation hence can cool the house effectively. External shutter can further be used to manipulate sun level into the house.
Ceiling Fans with reversible motor
are installed in the living room and the three bedrooms to improve air circulation in the house. In summer, it can create cooling effect by manipulating direction of air flow.
Windows
Pergola and deciduous plants
Deciduous plants at the north help blocking high angle summer sun. Louvres of pergola are also specifically designed to exclude high angle summer sun. Vertical screen is further used to shade the house from evening summer sun.
Roof
Light-colored roof with down-facing reflective foil insulation absorb less heat than conventional roof. The crossed gable and hip roof structure also creates a well-ventilated roof areas.
All windows are low-e double glazed windows which have high insulation level hence reducing amount of heat conducted through glazing.
image reference: https://www.universalfans.com.au/online/brilliant-vector-ceiling-fan-with-led-light-black-52/
Green Roof and Walls Extensive green roof with shallow soil profile and groundcover vegetation is installed. Meanwhile climbers on trellises are grown and fixed along the eastern and western walls. They act as evaporative air conditioners which can reduce surface temperature of the wall hence helps in cooling the house. They further bring environmental and aesthetic benefit as well as providing some acoustic insulation.
Portable Fans with oscillating feature
are adopted as supplementary cooling equipment as it can be moved to create cooling effect in specific areas.
Extensive Green Roof
absorb radiation
Consideration of other systems
hot air
dw
Reverse Cycle AC is not chosen as it produces dry and drafty air, which might cause discomfort, especially to the young children. Evaporative cooler is not selected as it uses a lot of water, which does not meet the client’s water efficiency goal and will be a major concern when draught or water restriction occurs.
cool air plants’ transpiration
wa ma shing chin e
Cooling Strategies Illustrated fans manipulate air flow and distribute cold air in the room
Extensive Green Roof Green Wall cooling indoor
warm air rises and leaves through louvres, creating pressure differential and draws in cold air
external shutters / louvres turned upwards to manipulate direction of air flow
Legend
cold air drawn in
Ceiling fan Green walls
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
photograph reference: green roof: https://www.sempergreen.com/us/solutions/green-roofs/frequently-asked-questions-green-roof/what-is-the-maximum-pitchpossible-for-a-green-roof-with-vegetation-blankets green wall: https://www.hgtv.com/outdoors/gardens/planting-and-maintenance/best-garden-trellises
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
8. Cooling
COVID-19 Response in 2030 It is 2030 and COVID-19 is now an endemic disease, but the world has resume a semblance of normality due to high vaccinations and new research in medicine. The interaction between people with buildings has changed as building design has direct impact on health and wellbeing. Flexible workplace arrangements have also become increasingly important to the public.
Renewable Sources of Energy The lockdown in 2020-21 saw an increase in energy consumption in residential houses. Using renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly vital as it is environmentally friendly and helps in saving energy and cost in long run. In addition to the design strategies in previous pages, ground mount or pole mount solar photovoltaic panels could be installed in the large backyard to generate more electricity for household usage.
Conceptual Plan
exterior walls taken from previous pages thus materials and openings are not an accurate representation of this proposal positions of structural elements are solely conceptual
building footprint outline
This page outlines a design proposal for the Carltons as a response to this scenario.
structural columns
structural walls
mobile partitions
Adaptable and Flexible Layout
During lockdown in 2020-21, people have to carry out all sort of activities, including study, work, sports, entertainment within their house. Hence, adaptable layout is important to to accommodate greater amount of services and functions.
image reference: http://sunshineworks.com/panels/mounts-and-accessories
Additional Feature
bathroom
Load Bearing Columns + Mobile Partitions
Although the world has resumed certain extent of normality, the probability of future outbreak cannot be underestimated. Therefore, the following facilities are proposed:
toilet
To achieve adaptability, the interior will use load bearing columns (instead of load bearing walls) to support the load from roof. All the interior walls (except the walls for wet areas) are made of mobile partitions and will be slotted between structural elements. This enables flexible division of spaces for the Carltons to adjust the layout to suit their needs at different time of the day. Furthermore, this also enables the Carltons to readjust or change house plan to suit their needs in future decades.
bathroom
laundry
Front Porch with Sanitisation or Disinfection Facility
Materials for Partitions: SIPs
COVID-19 also makes the Carltons realize about the importance of sanitisation. To reduce the risk of bringing pathogens into the house, this facility is needed to provide a safe and smooth transition into the interior.
The proposed material is Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs), which is an emerging material in the industry. SIPs is lightweight as a typical panel is around 90mm thick and weighs around 20kg per sqm. With incorporation of elements such as caster wheels could enable easy handling of the panels. SIPs is also very durable and offers high thermal insulation with some acoustic insulation, which can create comfortable interiors for the Carltons.
image reference: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/interest-in-disinfection-tunnels-picks -up-ahead-of-circuit-breaker-ending-two-installed-so
proposed front porch with sanitisation or disinfection facility
Private Outdoor Room which could function as 1) private outdoor office: creates a clear demarcation between the Carlton’s living and working spaces, which can help in boosting productivity as they will be able to concentrate on their work. This is especially useful for Mrs Carlton, as she has already been working from home since 2021.
Variation in plans through the use of mobile partitions suggesting possibility and adaptability
1) open plan living zone with 3 bedrooms
2) separate living area and kitchen 3 bedrooms and a private study
3) more division of spaces division could be temporary (only at specific time of the day) as the partitions are moveable.
SIPs reference: https://www.woodsolutions.com.au/applications-products/structural-insulated-panel-systems-sips https://renew.org.au/sanctuary-magazine/building-materials/composite-benefits-when-are-sips-the-right-choice/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jlTQj_M_P8
Energy and Water Efficient
laundry
laundry
or; 2) private guest room / temporary self-isola�on room: If worst case happens and one of the family members has to go into self-isolation, a room completely separated from the rest of the family is best to minimize any possible risk. In other time, this room could be used as private guest room.
laundry
Wet Areas as core of layout can bring two major benefits: 1) Maximize water efficiency: all wet areas (kitchen, laundry, bathrooms and toilet) are grouped together and allows for higher convenience in laying pipework. This further reduces energy loss when hot water is delivered from hot water tank to household usage. 2) Improve energy efficiency: living zones and sleeping areas can be separated and demarcated by this core. Active heating and cooling systems can be easily distributed and applied based on needs of different zones
white area could be used as home gym / pantry / open study area living zone sleeping zone private study
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
image reference: https://www.lushome.com/compact-home-office-design-offering-outdoor-sanctuary-working-home/87104 https://www.superdraft.com.au/trends/how-to-build-an-outdoor-home-office
Madina Zhazylbekova
Date: 05 Sep 2021
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
9. COVID-19 Response
Environmental Building Systems - ABPL20036 Semester 2 - 2021
First Rate Energy Assessment Project Information
Walls
New Home 21 Melbourne RO Suburban The Carltons
Mode Climate Site Exposure Client Name Rated Address Accredited Rater Date
Jia Min Cheong 04.09.2021
Floors
Type CSOG: Slab on Ground
Energy Usage Mode
Energy (MJ /m2)
Ty pe PVC-006-03 W uPVC B DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain low-E - Clear
Window Directions
Zones Zone
Area (m 2)
Kitchen/Living
42.0
Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Ensuite
15.7 10.9 10.2 4.7
Toilet Bathroom Laundry Pantry
2.1 5.4 3.4
Hallway (Z006) Hallway
1.7 5.6 5.0
Heating (MJ/m2) 11.6
Total Heating (MJ) 484.9
22.7 36.6 25.8 73.5 120.1 170.0 114.9 105.8 21.9
357.6 398.2 262.4 345.3 255.2 912.4 391.2 588.9 110.4
Cooling (MJ/m2) 6.5 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.4
Name: Jia Min Cheong
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number: 1055131
Assignment 1
Total Cooling (MJ) 273.3 20.1 8.4 6.8 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 7.9 2.1
Direction N
Area (m2) 13.8
encl
106.7
Direction E
A rea (m2) 106.7
5.0
Windows
105.0 1.7 0.0
Area (m2)
Ins ula tion (R)
Disc: Attic-Discontinuous
Siz e (m2)
A rea (m2) 89.4 71.1 60.2
Ventilation
2.0
Ty pe
Areas A rea Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Garage Area
Slab Edge Insulation (R)
Roof/Ceiling
34.9 32.3 2.7
Total Heating Cooling
Ins ula tion (R) 3.0 3.5 3.0
Ty pe Straw Bale 450mm Finished Reversed Brick Veneer Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall
Area (m2) 3.6
U-v a lue
SHG C
A rea (m2)
2.00
0.31
22.49
Direction S
Area (m2) 1.4
Direction W
Area (m2) 3.7
Roof/Ceiling Penetration
Madina Zhazylbekova
Type Exhaust fan Downlight
Location bathroom, kitchen bathroom, kitchen, living, hallway, bedroom 1
Final Star Rating: Date: 05 Sep 2021
Quantity 3 12
Sealed Y Y
8.6
10. First Rate Energy Assessment