DR draft submission by Jiao Peng

1 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

Contents 0.0 Introduction 0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

1.0

Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13

Site Analysis Program Analysis Site Division and Organisation General Accommodation Arrangement Access and Circulation Means of Escape Overall Structural Strategy Overall Construction Strategy Health and Safety in Construction Environmental Strategy M&E and Sanitation Systems Acoustics Qualities Health and Safety in Construction

2.0

Building Construction

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11

Material Selection and Performance Structural Aims and Intent Structural Development Pecification of Materials / Product Research Key Structural Key Jointing Details Key Enclosure Details Construction Sequence Water Ingress &Rainwater Drainage Internal Fire Spread & Fire Safety Thermal Insulation

3.0

Building Performance

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

Overall Energy Strategy Water Supply, Dranage, Water Treatment Natural Ventilation, Heating and Cooling Solar Gain and Natrual Light, Shading Environmental Impact of Chosen Matterials Environmental Impact of Building Life Cycle

4.0

Building Construction

4.1 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

Planning Constraints Local and Finacial Context The Role of Contractors and Suppliers Contractual Relationship with the Client Key Enclosure Details Forming and Managing the Co-operative Local Planning Policy Key Roles and Relationships

2 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

0.0 Introduction 0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

3 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

0.0 Introduction 0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

Unit 22 agenda When considering architectural culture, many people feel that ‘the pressure to innovate has become pervasive. Both inside and outside the architectural profession, we are increasingly pressed by the quest for the new; by an innovation imperative’1. This year Unit 22 want to explore in depth, the real necessity of innovation, and analyse its commitments with a critical eye. We will try to overcome architects’ preferences for an innovation based purely on individual values such as imagination, personal entrepreneurship, inspiration or anticipation. We do agree these are crucial requirements for a future practitioner however, through adopting the values of many other authors and institutions, we will define and support a type of innovation based on higher levels of common organisation. This requires re-addressing the action of the architect with respect to his/her environment to consider factors that include the context, users, politicians and industry among others. We will employ Drucker’s definition of innovation (Drucker, 1985) as, ‘the act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth’, which for the aforementioned reasons, best introduces our intentions.

4 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

0.0 Introduction 0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

Project Starting Point According to the previous research and design, a student accommodation with â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the house of the futureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; was designed. The innovation point is that the wall of the house can collect rainwater and allow air circulation. Based on the project of the first term, the project is mainly targeted at the students, in a small village near the mountain and by the river. The building mainly provides accommodation for local students, collects rainwater to satisfy the daily demands, thus to educate the tourists to cherish the water resources.

5 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

0.0 Introduction 0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

1. Tourists from faraway places mainly come from European countries and Central American regions.

About hongcun

2. Asian tourists mainly come from Japan, South Korea, as well as the first-tier and second-tier cities.

Hongcun is a village in Yi County county, Anhui Province, China, near the southwest slope of Mount Huangshan. With about 900-year history, the whole village was built near the mountain and by the village. It has green hills in the back as the protective screen, and with a high terrain, it can keep off the wind from the north. There is no risk of flash flood, and furthermore, it allows people to look up to the mountain and enjoy the sound of mountain spring. The village builders looked forward and built the village by building the drainage system first and relying on it later. Therefore, it is as flexible as the water, and it is also the reason why it is more attractive than other villages of Hui style. Hong Village in Yi County of Huangshan, Anhui is honored as the ‘village in picture’.

3. In recent years, the number of tourists in Hong Village increases.

Huang Shan

45000000

21.5%

40000000

21%

35000000

20.5%

30000000

20%

25000000

19.5% 18%

20000000

17.5%

15000000

17%

10000000

16.5% 5000000

16%

15.5%

tourist

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

growth rate

Hong Cun

Location: Long 117°38′，LAT 30°11′ Area: 191100 ㎡ 6 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

However, the number of tourists in Hong Village increases year by year, and there are too many tourists in Hong Village. The thick crowds of people break the tranquility of the village, and as a result, the ancient village grows to be a downtown area, as if it were a market.

0.0 Introduction

Hongcun's heritage building

0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

About local architecture Huizhou architectural Features of Huizhou architectural culture: 1. High walls, windows are seldom opened, and the gable walls on both sides are all built into horsehead walls. 2. With courtyard, people will not enter the house directly through the entrance, and there is a small courtyard. 3. Patio, one of the most representative features of Huizhou dwellings, and it plays a vital role in ventilation and lighting. Furthermore, there may be rain, snow or sunlight in the yard, which can draw people close to the nature. 4. Wood structure, the walls of Huizhou dwellings fall into maintenance structure, and actually it is the wood pillar that supports the entire house. Later, we have learnt that during the construction process, the pillar structure of Huizhou dwelling is built at first, and then the outer walls are built. 5. Symmetry, Huizhou dwelling is particular about symmetry no matter in house structure or the indoor space. 6. Carvings, there are many tile carvings and stone carvings in the house, which are quite excellent. The carvings are usually used to decorate the gate house.

1 old village 4 heritage building

new village 2 3 one day tour route Site

The village became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000

The touring route of Hong Village is usually one day or two daysâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; journey.

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The whole view of South Lack

0.0 Introduction 0.1 Unit 22 Agenda and Project Starting Point 0.2 Context 0.3 Local Development Plans

School 7.3 km 12 min

site

29 mi n

New village

.7 k

Site

Dwellings Heritage building New building

Administrative departments

1. Nanping

Second tour route Main tour route Hot spots

2. Mukeng and Bamboo forest

In 1999, expert committee formed by related organizations, such as the Ministry of Construction, Cultural Relic Management Bureau, etc. conducted field study on Hong Village, and approved Planning for the Protection and Development of Hong Village. On November 30, 2000, Hong Village was listed as the world cultural heritage by UNESCO, and in 2001, it was intended to be the Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit and patriotism education base of Anhui Province. On December 30, 2002, it joined the China Landscape and Historic Sites Association. In March 2003, it joined the world cultural heritage working committee of China Landscape and Historic Sites Association. In December 2003, it was rated as the first-batch historical cultural village (one of the twelve historical cultural villages). In May, 2011, it was officially rated as the state-level 5A scenic spot.

Dwellings Heritage building Old building Square

Local government development plan map 8 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

1.0

Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Site Analysis Program Analysis General Accommodation Arrangement Access and Circulation Means of Escape Overall Structural Strategy Overall Construction Strategy Environmental Strategy M&E and Sanitation Systems

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Site Analysis Program Analysis General Accommodation Arrangement Access and Circulation Means of escape Overall Structural Strategy Overall Construction Strategy Environmental Strategy M&E and Sanitation Systems

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1 PARKING

14 16 12 4

19 9

4 14 16

14 9

9 12

18 9

16 19

Climate 19

4 19

In Hongcun, the climate is warm and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year in Hongcun. Even the driest month still has a lot of rainfall. According to Kappen and Geiger climate is classified as Cfa. The average annual temperature in Hongcun is 15.5 째C. About 1646 mm of precipitation falls annually.

According to the theory of Yin and Yang and five elements, it hopes to seek for vital dwellings through observing and understanding the natural landform. Generally, places with picturesque scenery are selected, which can resist wind and flood, and satisfy the functional demands on real life. The favorable topographic conditions of Hong Village forms unique microclimate for villages. The mountain on the west side of the village shut out the frost northeast wind in winter, while the cool southeast wind can blow directly in summer. Excellent vegetation not only beautifies the environment, but also gives full play to the environment protection.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

14Jun.

Jul.

Aug. Sept. Oct.

Nov. Dec.

Jan. Jun.

Jul.

Aug. Sept. Oct.

16 Feb.

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

Jan.

Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

1.0

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Jul.

Aug. Sept. Oct.

Nov. Dec.

250

200

150

25 20

100

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul.

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul.

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 11 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

seed is planted

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

harvested sprout Since Hong Village has a good location, near the mountain and by the river. In the past, water was quite clean, and it could be used for washing and cooking. But at present, it is only applicable for washing and cooking before eight.

Climate and geographic position of Hong Village are quite appropriate for planting rice.

harvested

seed are thrashed

seed to make oil

harvested

before 8.00 a.m

2 3

after 8.00 a.m

natural cultivation produce fruit

used for heating

picked for storage

natural cultivation

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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1. Anhui Shengdan Bio- Chemical Co. 2. Sinopec, the China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation 3. Anqing Shiling Chemical Co., Ltd 4. Anhui Lixing Chemical Co., Ltd. 5. Huangshan Hua Hui Fine Chemical Co.

10 k

Pollution

Industrial emissions from factories and power plants that burn fuels such as natural gas, coal or oil, emit smoke that gives off oxides of sulfur and nitrogen is one cause. Another cause is vehicles (e.g. cars, buses) that burn gasoline and diesel. The exhaust emitted by burning these fuels contains sulfur dioxide, an oxide of sulfur. Also, vehicles that have gas engines will produce oxides of nitrogen, another cause of acid rain. One other cause is home fires giving off smoke that contains sulfur dioxide. Some fairly minor causes are natural causes which are volcanoes, swamps and rotting plants giving off sulfur dioxide. Natural causes only account for 10% of the pollution causing acid rain.

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5k m

5200 tourists 6000 students

viste to Hongcung per day

viste to Hongcung per day students

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Several problems in Hongcun

In history, human and animal excreta in ancient village were mainly collected by closestool, which could serve as agricultural fertilizer after fermentation. The sewage was mainly treated by the rain, which will flow into the river after self-purification. However, with the changes in people’s lifestyle, development of tourist trade, and increase of tourists, restaurants and hotels, the ancient dwellings are perplexed by various modern urban problems, such as sewage and garbage disposal. Five problems challenge the protection of Hongcun ‘In Hongcun, there are now 22 restaurants and hotels, excluding some scattered family hotels. It directly results in the huge increase in the household garbage and quantity of wastewater effluent.’ According to statistics, the annual waste emission of Hong Village is as high as 577 tons, while the annual sewage emission is above 300000 tons. Meanwhile at present, the waste in the village is still disposed by piling or filling, which is quite to the disadvantage of the environmental protection. As for the sewage discharge, there is no independent and perfect drainage system in Hong Village, and substantial domestic sewage is directly discharged into the water body or permeates into the ground without processing. In addition, some students may pour the pigment waste with substantial chemical substance and heavy metal freely when drawing, which severely pollutes the water, and deteriorate the water quality. ‘The sewage and garbage disposal problem has not been solved efficiently yet,’ as revealed by the Planning Bureau of Yi County.

tourist

The garbage of Hongcun annual capacity was 577 tons, and the volume of sewage discharge was 30 million tons.

The number of tourists is far beyond its capacity. According to the bearing load of tourist environment checked and controlled by the protection planning, the maximum saturated daily reception of Hong Village is 5200 people. However, with the development of tourist industry in Hong Village, the surge of substantial tourists, especially at weekends and peak tourist season, the reception is beyond its capacity. As a result, the ancient village is filled with crowds, which breaks the tranquility of village, and the ancient village turns to be a downtown area.

With the development of t o u r i s m , t h e re i s a r a p i d l y increase in the hotel, hostel and restaurants, which provide ancient dwellings with many problems such as the sewage disposal and garbage disposal.

In the future, houses can play a role in water purification. 14 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

Hongcun Village Committee

Numerous of tourists went to hongcun, therefore it caused many problems. I think Local government could control the number of the tourist.

Students

Purify water

Tourists

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Accommodation living, cooking, washing

The program mainly provides accommodation for students, purifies water, and educates tourists about how to protect water resources. The proposed inhabitancy for the building as follows: 250 no. persons - tourist 30 no, persons - student 5 no, persons - maintenance and admin. staff 1 no. person - architect as in-house consultant Common spaces:

why can't drink rainwater in China ? Because unlike other places in the world, the tap water in China is not drinkable. Its because of the severe pollution there. Same thing with the Chinese sky, its never so blue. If you've ever been to China, you'll know that its a very messy place, full of cars, people, and ugly grey buildings. In fact, China is THE most polluted country. Other places like africa might be poor, but they aren't polluted like China.

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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2 plants

fishing

drawing

hot drinking

cold drinking

sale water

tea

1 2 16 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

crops

lake

USE OF WATER

17 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

10L

7.00

60L night

20L~ 25L

560L~ 700L

1820L~ 1960L

The demand of dringking water per day.

+ 65L~ 70L

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The demand of using water per day.

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Student drawing space & tourist outlool space

Communal shower space

Communal kitchen

Student single room

Student medium room

Tourist shower space

Student large room

General Arrangement The rooms of students are distributed in the middle area, while functional regions, such as kitchen and showering space, are mainly distributed on two sides area. The washing place and main communal space are allocated in the living space. 19 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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disable access route Corridors and gangways All private corridors and gangways have a muniment width of 900 mm. all general access corridors and gangways have a minimum width of 1200 mm wherever there is a risk of falling from height, corridors and gangways have a balustrade at a minimum height of 1200mm.

26 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

route taken by tourist from car park to heritage area route taken by student from fields to rooms student living room compliant general access stairs compliant wheelchair accessible ramp

Escape signs and labels An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc.It is usually a strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely place) outward opening door with a crash bar on it and with exit signs leading to it..t

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Prevente fire equipments

smoke sensors

automatic sprinkler system

fire warning

All rooms are equipped with smoke sensors and automatic sprinkler system as well as monitor in passage and guest lifts. The security Department provides 24 hours security service for user.

Emergency provisions

Primary route

Smoke sensors

Automatic sprinkler system

Fire warning

Secondary route Wheelchairs route

The building should be designed and constructed so that there are appropriate provisiions for early warming of fire, and approprite means of eascape in case of fire to a piece of land capable of being used satefy and effectively at all times.

Escape signs and labels

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Bridge

Arch - main structure

Timber secondary structure

It could connect the building with ground, which make tourists and stu de nt go t o her i t a ge vi l l a ge directly.

Due to the slabs are not touch the ground. slab would hanging on the arch, which makes more stable.

Several timbers hang on to slabs, which is more strong .

28 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

Timber facades frame

Tower - main structure Supporting the structure of purify water system

Tower

Arch

Cable - hanging slab

column - hanging slabs

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Facade

Tension Rainwater collection systems and services systems

Gravity 29 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

Concret basement and erection of metal tower

Concret basement and erection of arch

Structral panels hanging on the arch and â&#x20AC; ower

Construction of column

Installation of timber facades frame

Construction of timber structure

Installation of wind wheel and water collection

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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The local construction method is fistly building the column and beam system, then the walls. The project combine with the local construction way but find an innovative way to construct. 30 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

1 Existing Foundation

5 The second slab are building under the first slab.

Slabs hanging on the arch.

11 Installation of the harvesting rainwater.

Facade on the tower

31 Jiao Peng Unit 22 INNOVATION FOR LIVING BENV GA08 Design Realization Report

8 Several stairs build between the central slabs and tower's slabs.

The slab on the tower would connect with the arch.

4 1. Timbers hanging on the arch 2.Two towers are erected from ground.

1. Facade as one part of the structure of this project, which could make the building more stable. 2. Towers are building up, at the same time, the slab building on the tower.

9 Finishing the slab hanging on the arch and tower. Elevator installation. Finishing the structure of the purify water system.

Erection of arch

12 Installation of the wind wheel and the harvesting rainwater flower.

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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steel

Site concrete

timber

shanghai bamboo

bamboo skin

ptfe

map of area surrounding the site highlighting the source of materials

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Prevailing wind in the whole year

Jan.

Prevailing wind on

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

Jun.

Jul.

Aug. Sept. Oct.

Nov. Dec.

The building is orientated to take advantage of the wind and maximize solar raditation

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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2 2 5

crop lands

1. Purify rainwater by using at kitchen room 2. Purify rainwater to drinking 3. The rainwater can be collected and exposed under the sun for watering the plants. 4. The rainwater in river can be collected through wind energy, purified and then transmitted to the shower room. 5. Used shower water can be used to flush the toilet. Water flourishing the toilet can be directly transmitted to the surrounding crop lands.

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Natural day light from the Natural ventilation from prevailing wind Electricity cables from generator

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Electricity cables from generator LED cables along roof

Since there are many rainy days in Hong Village, and there are few sunny days, this project will try to get more sunlight into the room. Furthermore, the floors are hollowed out, so that the sunlight can be reflected in the room.

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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Human excrement can be applied as the organic fertilizer for crops, which can provide the required nutrients for the growth of plants. In the 1970s, the countryside was getting used to take the human and animal excreta as fertilizer, for it is a good organic fertilizer, with ‘nutriments’ required by the growth of crops (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some microelements), more comprehensive than the synthesized chemical fertilizers. But currently, it is seldom used owing to the collection cost, and mainly chemical fertilizers are applied. Besides, it may make the nature of soil worse, and even pollute the environment. Even though the smell of waste is ‘disgusting’, it will not do harm to the soil. On the contrary, it will increase the organic content in the soil. Therefore, excrement is ‘harmless’ fertilizer.

Ventilation

Sanitation

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Rainwater harvest system and purify water system

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Building Form Systems, Planning and Context

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