School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture Building Services (BLD 61904) Assessment 1: High-Rise Building at Taylor’s
Lecturers : Mr. Mohd Adib Ramli Ts. Dr. Mohamed Rizal Mohamed
Group Members of Group 8 : 1. Alyssa Nasrina Faizal 2. Ng Jiin Li 3. Sandra Lee May Ee 4. Woo Wai Kee 5. Yap Eon Sheng
0339601 0339181 0337793 0337733 0337953
CONTENT A. INTRODUCTION ● ● ●
Project Overview Initial Project Planning Building Orthographic Drawings
B. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM ● ● ● ●
Introduction to Air Regulation Type by Space Type Vertical Planning: Elements of AC Systems as a Whole Horizontal Planning: Elements of AC Systems by Floor Types Justification: Elements of AC Systems by Space Types
D. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Location of Fire Protection System Purpose Group Vertical Planning: Escape Route Horizontal Planning: Escape Route Vertical Planning: Fire Spread Prevention Horizontal Planning: Fire Spread Prevention Passive Details Water Based Extinguisher Circulation Immediate Response Features Auto Response Features
E. MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM C. MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM ● ● ●
Location of Mechanical Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Components Mechanical Ventilation System by Floors
● ● ● ● ● ●
Location of Transportation System Vertical Planning & Circulation Horizontal / Vertical Planning Overview Detail Section of Lift Traction System Horizontal Planning for Performance In Conjunction to Fire Safety Effectiveness
F. TES PEER EVALUATION AND REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION PROJECT OVERVIEW Project Brief: For this assignment, we are required to form a group of 5 people to design a high-rise building which consists of basement parking, classrooms and students' accommodation within the plinth area of the open car park area of Taylors Lakeside Campus. The building's design is precedented from the existing building blocks and is fully equipped with centralized air-conditioning, fire protection, ventilation and mechanical transport systems. Hence, our proposal intends to create a fully functioning building with its systems to cater for the incredibly high number of students within the limited land area.
PROJECT NARRATIVE The year is 2030. Following the most harrowing world-wide health crisis in a century, there is a surge in the number of students who enrolled into the various programmes at Taylor’s University. To cater for the incredibly high number of students, the management of the University have decided to build a high-rise building which consists of basement parking, classrooms and students’ accommodation, complete with the building’s own central air-conditioning system, active fire protection system, mechanical ventilation system and mechanical transportation system. However, due to other expansion plans of the University there is only limited land area to site the new building. Additionally, the management requires the new building to resemble the existing academic blocks, hence minimal architectural design activities are required. The high-rise building will be located next Building Services to Block E, occupying a portion of the existing open car park, with the same plinth area as Block E. As an aspiring architect you have been appointed to work on this project. But since the design would resemble the existing blocks, the management is more interested to see your proposed solutions for the services systems stated above rather than the architectural design as the priority is on the staff’s and student’s safety and convenience. Therefore, you need to come up with a proposal of a creative and workable scheme of services systems to impress the management of the University.
INTRODUCTION INITIAL PROJECT PLANNING Zoning of building complying to the requirements of the project brief: ● ● ● ●
5 floors of parking, including 3 basement floors below LG level 1 shop floor 12 floors of classroom & lecture theatres 7 floors of student accommodation
20M 100 M
Plinth Size of Block E measured from Google Maps – 100m x 20m was approximated with a structural grid of 8.35mx8.35m
INTRODUCTION
N Site Plan
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Basement 1 (B1) Floor Plan | Carparks
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Lower Ground (LG) Floor Plan | Carparks
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Ground Floor Plan | Carparks
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Level 1 Floor Plan | Shoplots
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Level 2-13 Floor Plan | Classrooms & Lecture Theaters
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Level 14 Floor Plan | Hostel Management
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Level 15-20 Floor Plan | Hostel Accommodation
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
N Roof Level | Main Services
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
South Elevation
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
East Elevation
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
Long Section A
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS OF BUILDINGS
Short Section B
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION: AIR REGULATION TYPE BY SPACE TYPE - Axonometry & Table 1: Air Conditioning System Spaces VERTICAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS AS A WHOLE - Table 1: Conditioning Process Elements - Table 2: Horizontal Connection Elements - Table 3: Vertical Connection Elements HORIZONTAL PLANNING : ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY FLOOR TYPES - Table 1: Conditioning Process Elements - Table 2: Horizontal Connection Elements - Table 3: Vertical Connection Elements - Table 4: Diffusion Method Elements JUSTIFICATION: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY SPACE TYPES - Callout & Table 1: RL Plant Room & Support System (AHU & FCU combined plant)
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM INTRODUCTION: AIR REGULATION TYPE BY SPACE TYPE Air Conditioning System Spaces
Legend symbol
Rvt model axono diagram
Space Types' Table
Space Types' Code
Space Types' Name
Space Type's Floor levels
1
Plant Room & Support System
RL
2
Car Park System
B3-GL
3
Lecture Room and Classroom System
L2-L13
4
Shoplots System
L1
5
Management Office, Common Kitchen and Gym & Indoor Sport Facilities System
L14
6
Hostel Room Units System
L15-L20
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM VERTICAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS AS A WHOLE Conditioning Process Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements, Vertical Connection Elements
Split Unit System
FCU System
Rvt Model Long Sec Diagram (refer legend on next page)
AHU System Rvt Model Short Sec Diagram (refer legend on next page)
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM VERTICAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS AS A WHOLE Conditioning Process Elements, Vertical Connection Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements Element name
Location/Function
Element name
Chiller Plant Condenser
Chiller plant room, Reject heat from chiller
Make up water supply
Channel water from makeup tank Into cooling tower
Chiller Plant Evaporator
Chiller plant room, Cool down chilled water False ceiling with ductworks
Most rooms using AHU and FCU, Conceal ductworks for aesthetic purposes
Split unit refrigerant line and drain hose
Concealed in ceiling or cover kit, Channel refrigerant liquid and remove condensation
Cooling Water Pump
Element Photo
Element Photo
Location/Function
Pump cooling water (Towercondenser)
Chilled Water Pump
Pump chilled water (Evaporator AHU/FCU)
Chiller Switchboard
Chiller plant room, To control the chiller plant
Element name
Element Photo
Location/Function
Cooling water return Cooling Tower
Rooftop, adjacent to plant room, To cool condenser water
Cooling water supply
Chiller plant room, Main channels of chilled wand cooling water
Chilled water return Make up Tank
Rooftop, adjacent to cooling tower, Replenish loss water
Chilled water supply Chilled water return branch pipe
Air Handling Unit
AHU rooms, Regulate and circulate indoor air, bring in outdoor air
False ceiling space, Channel chilled water horizontally across the same floors with AHU and FCU
Chilled water supply branch pipe
Horizontal Connection Elements Fan Coil Unit
Split Unit Evaporator (Indoor Unit)
False ceiling of small shops and classrooms, Circulate existing air within a room
Element name Chilled water return riser pipe
Hostel rooms, Refrigerant absorb heat
Chilled water supply riser pipe
Split Unit Condenser (Outdoor Unit)
Conditioning Process Elements
Balcony, Transfer absorbed heat outside by compressing refrigerant
Not Shown in Section
Chilled water riser shaft
Vertical Connection Elements
Element Photo
Location/Function Channel chilled water vertically between different floors with ACU and FCU
Allows chilled water riser pipe to pass through, can be concealed for aesthetic purposes
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY FLOOR TYPES Conditioning Process Elements, Vertical Connection Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements
L1 Shoplots diagram AHU System
Conditioning Process Elements
Horizontal Connection Elements
1320x2585 Daikin AHU 1
Supply air header duct
Fresh air supply duct
1320x2585 Daikin AHU 2
From AHU 1
1320x2585 Daikin AHU 3
From AHU 2
1200x1500 fan coil unit
From AHU 3
FCU System
AHU Room
Vertical Connection Elements
Diffusion Method Elements
Chilled water supply & return
Riser Shaft
600x600mm supply air diffuser
Branch supply air duct
From Chiller plant 1
Chiller water pipe continues from chiller plant 1
600x600mm return air grille
Return air duct
From Chiller plant 2
Chiller water pipe continues from chiller plant 2
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY FLOOR TYPES Conditioning Process Elements, Vertical Connection Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements
L2-L13 Lecture and Classroom diagram
AHU System
Conditioning Process Elements
Horizontal Connection Elements
1320x2585 Daikin AHU 1
Supply air header duct
Fresh air supply duct
1320x2585 Daikin AHU 2
From AHU 1
1320x2585 Daikin AHU 3
From AHU 2
1200x1500 fan coil unit
From AHU 3
FCU System
AHU Room
Vertical Connection Elements
Diffusion Method Elements
Chilled water supply & return
Riser Shaft
600x600mm supply air diffuser
Branch supply air duct
From Chiller plant 1
Chiller water pipe continues from chiller plant 1
600x600mm return air grille
Return air duct
From Chiller plant 2
Chiller water pipe continues from chiller plant 2
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY FLOOR TYPES Conditioning Process Elements, Vertical Connection Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements
L14 Hostel Management diagram FCU System
Split Unit System
Conditioning Process Elements
Horizontal Connection Elements
Vertical Connection Elements
Diffusion Method Elements
1320x2585 Fan Coil Unit
Branch supply air duct
Riser Shaft
600x600mm supply air diffuser
Split AC Indoor Unit (Evaporator)
Chilled Water supply & Return from Chiller 3
Chiller water pipe continues from chiller plant 3
600x600mm return air grille
Split AC Indoor Unit (Condenser)
Split unit Refrigerant pipe
Centrifugal fresh supply air fan
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY FLOOR TYPES Conditioning Process Elements, Vertical Connection Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements
L15-L20 Hostel Accommodation diagram Split Unit System
Conditioning Process Elements
Horizontal Connection Elements
Vertical Connection Elements
Diffusion Method Elements
1320x2585 Fan Coil Unit
Branch supply air duct
Riser Shaft
600x600mm supply air diffuser
Split AC Indoor Unit (Evaporator)
Chilled Water supply & Return from Chiller 3
Chiller water pipe continues from chiller plant 3
600x600mm return air grille
Split AC Indoor Unit (Condenser)
Split unit Refrigerant pipe
Centrifugal fresh supply air fan
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ELEMENTS OF AC SYSTEMS BY FLOOR TYPES Conditioning Process Elements, Horizontal Connection Elements, Vertical Connection Elements , Diffusion Method Elements
Conditioning Process Elements
Horizontal Connection Elements
6000kg make up tank
LG water cooled screw chiller 3900x1656mm
Cooling water supply and return
Chilled water supply
Chilled water return
Truwater 2600x5600mm cooling tower
Evaporator
Make up water supply
From chiller plant 1
From chiller plant 1
Chilled plant pump
Condenser
From chiller plant 2
From chiller plant 2
From chiller plant 3
From chiller plant 3
Switchboard Panel 1600x3800
Vertical Connection Elements Riser shaft
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM JUSTIFICATION: ELEMENTS OF MECHANICALLY ASSISTED VENTILATION SUB SYSTEMS BY 11 SPACE TYPES Considerations for elements for Plant Room Sub System
Element Name
Type Characteristic
Functional Consideration
LG water cooled screw chiller
Cooling Capacity: 754 kW/chiller 4000 (L)x 1650 (W)x 2180 (H) 3 In total serving LG-L4, L5-L10, L11-L14 respectively
Clearance of min, 1600mm at rear, light and front, Mtn. 3100mm at left for tube exchanging
Truwater cooling tower
2590 (L)x 5920 (W)x 4115 (H) 3 in total, each serving one chiller plant
Make up tank
6100kg, one serving all 3 chiller plant
Pipe connection space
For connection of CHWR, CHWS, CWR and CWS
Riser Pipe Shaft
2950 (L)x 593 (W), covered with grille and concealed
Switchboard Panel
Rvt model axono diagram key
Rvt model callout 1 axono diagram of Space Type
3950 (L)x 1490 (W)x 1950 (H)
Aesthetic consideration
Min. clearance of 200mm at louvre side and 1000mm panel side for ventilation
Clear ceiling height of mln. 1000mm to accommodate piping connection
Allows the passage or chilled water pipes vertically across floor
To provide min. 1.500mm it rear side and 2000mm at three other Side, for ease of maintenance
Table 1: RL Plant Room & Support SV$tem (AHU & FCU combined plant)
Conceal exposed piping on wall
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM 1. LOCATION OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION ● Sectional Axono of System
2. MECHANICAL VENTILATION COMPONENTS ● Section of Connection between Components
3. ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
MECHANICAL VENTILATION BY FLOOR Level Basement 1 (B1) Level Ground (GL) Level 1 (L1) Level 2 (L2) Level 14 (L14) Level 15 (L15) Roof Level (RL)
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Location of Mechanical Ventilation Systems LEGEND
SYSTEM
Pressurization System
Sectional Axono Interior Systems
of
Building
SPACES
Enclosed Fire Staircases
FLOOR BY SPACES
GL-RL
Extract System
● ● ● ● ● ●
Toilets Storage Refuse Chamber Lift Lobby Kitchen Laundry Rooms
GL-L20
Combined System
● ●
Basement Service Rooms
B3-RL
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Location of Mechanical Ventilation Systems LEGEND
SYSTEM
SPACES
FLOOR BY SPACES
Extract System
● ● ●
Toilets Storage Refuse Chamber
GL-L20
Combined System
● ●
Basement Service Rooms
B3-RL
Sectional Axono of Building Interior Systems
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
LEGEND
SYSTEMS
Mechanical Ventilation System Components
COMPONENTS
Blower
SPACES
●
Fire Staircase
● ● ●
Toilets Storage Refuse Chamber Lift Lobby
Vertical Duct
L21 Pressurization System
Damper with Double Blade
L14
Exhaust Propeller Fan
●
L2 L1 GL
Extract System
B1
South Section
Ductwork with Diffuser
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Mechanical Ventilation System Components LEGEND
SYSTEMS
L21
COMPONENTS Supply Fan
SPACES ● ●
Basement Service Rooms
Exhaust Fan
L14
Exhaust Ductwork
Combined System
Axial Fan
Grille Inlet
L2 L1 GL LG B1
Vertical Ductwork with Diffuser
Short Section
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Basement 1, 2 & 3 : Combined System
B1-B3 Basement Carpark Diagram SYSTEM
COMPONENTS Cast Aluminium Axial Fan
JUSTIFICATION
●
The compressor of the fan increases pressure flowing through it and pushes stale air towards the vertical ductwork with steel diffuser The axial fan is located in along the driving paths as there’s more vertical space
Air Supply Duct
● ●
Supply fresh air from the supply fan located on Ground Level Located on the East end to supply air throughout the basement
Aluminium Vertical Ductwork with Steel Diffuser
● ●
Transport stale air from the basement upwards to the exhaust fan located on Lower Ground Level Located on the West end to receive stale air supply
●
Provides Ventilation but also stopes fire and smoke from spreading
Steel Damper with Double Blade
●
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Basement 1, 2 & 3 Subsystems
Vertical Ductwork with Diffuser Air Supply Duct
Axial Fan
Vertical Ductwork with Diffuser
LEGEND
SYSTEM
VENTILATION FLOW
Combined System
Air from the supply duct ventilates the Basement through the pressure pull of the axial fan before the then fresh air becomes stale and is removed through the vertical ductwork with a diffuser towards an exhaust fan, directing the stale air towards the outside at Ground Level.
JUSTIFICATION
Sectional Axono of Ground Level Combined System
The components are placed to ensure optimal ventilation flow by ensuring the supply and extract systems are placed opposite each other, ensuring the entire space receives fresh ventilated air which can be removed quickly once stale.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Ground Level : Combined System
GL Ground Level Plan Diagram SYSTEM
COMPONENTS Cast Aluminium Axial Fan
JUSTIFICATION ● ●
The compressor of the fan increases pressure flowing through it and pushes stale air towards the vertical ductwork with steel diffuser The axial fan is located in along the driving paths as there’s more vertical space
Supply Fan
● ●
Supply fresh air from the centrifugal fan located on Ground Level Fresh air flows through it and enters the building to flush out stale air
Exhaust Fan
● ●
Expels stale air from the Basement and Lower Ground level to the outside Stale air is supplied from the vertical ductworks
Steel Damper with Double Blade
●
Provides Ventilation but also stops fire and smoke from spreading
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Ground Level Subsystems Open Area Air Supply Duct Axial Fan
Exhaust Fan
LEGEND
SYSTEM
VENTILATION FLOW
Combined System
Air from the supply fan ventilates the Ground Level through the pressure pull of the axial fan before the then fresh air becomes stale and is removed through the exhaust fan with a propeller directing the stale air towards the outside.
JUSTIFICATION
Sectional Axono of Ground Level Combined System
The stale air from the basement and lower ground level is easily removed as the West part of the Ground Level floor is in contact with the outside, hence supply and extract can be provided for the lower floors.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Level 1 : Extract System & Combined System
L1 Shoplots Plan Diagram SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
JUSTIFICATION
Ductwork with Diffuser
● ●
Absorbs stale air from the spaces to be transported outside of the building Directly moves stale air out of the building from each space
Exhaust Propeller Fan
●
Pushes the stale air out of the ductwork system towards the outside
Supply Fan
● ●
Directs fresh air towards the inside of the building Each space receives fresh air directly
Supply Ductwork
●
Carries fresh air from the supply fan towards the grille inlet
Grille Inlet
●
Allows fresh air to enter a space from the ductwork system
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Level 2
L2 Classroom & Lecture Plan Diagram SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
JUSTIFICATION
Ductwork with Diffuser
● ●
Absorbs stale air from the spaces to be transported outside of the building Directly moves stale air out of the building from each space
Exhaust Propeller Fan
●
Pushes the stale air out of the ductwork system towards the outside
Supply Fan
● ●
Directs fresh air towards the inside of the building Each space receives fresh air directly
Supply Ductwork
●
Carries fresh air from the supply fan towards the grille inlet
Grille Inlet
●
Allows fresh air to enter a space from the ductwork system
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Open Air Lobby
Level 2 Subsystems Inlet Grille
Exhaust Fan
Supply Fan Ductwork with Diffusers
LEGEND
SYSTEM
VENTILATION FLOW
Extract System
Air from internal spaces are absorbed by a diffuser attached to a ductwork system which directs the stale air towards an exhaust fan. The stale air is then transferred to the outside environment.
Combined System
Fresh air is supplied to the AHU room through a supply fan and ductwork. Stale air is absorbed by the diffuser and is passed through the ductwork and exhaust fan.
JUSTIFICATION
Sectional Axono of Ground Level Combined System
Extract system with its components ensures stale air is directly disposed from the space with minimal mechanical requirements. Combined system ensures the AHU is constantly ventilated to prevent overheating.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Level 14
L14 Hostel Management Plan Diagram SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
JUSTIFICATION
Ductwork with Diffuser
● ●
Absorbs stale air from the spaces to be transported outside of the building Directly moves stale air out of the building from each space
Exhaust Propeller Fan
●
Pushes the stale air out of the ductwork system towards the outside
Window Openings
●
Direct & operable ventilation method to let stale air out and fresh air in at the same time
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Lift Lobby Extract System
Level 14 Subsystems Exhaust Fan Ductwork with Diffusers Windows
LEGEND
SYSTEM
VENTILATION FLOW
Extract System
Air from internal spaces are absorbed by a diffuser attached to a ductwork system which directs the stale air towards an exhaust fan. The stale air is then transferred to the outside environment.
Window Openings
Air enters and escapes directly from the space.
JUSTIFICATION
Sectional Axono of Ground Level Combined System
Extract system with its components ensures stale air is directly disposed from the space with minimal mechanical requirements. Fenestrations ensures ventilation can be controlled and space is constantly receiving fresh air when open.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Roof Level : Extract System & Combined System
L21 Roof Level Plan Diagram SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
JUSTIFICATION
Ductwork with Diffuser
● ●
Absorbs stale air from the spaces to be transported outside of the building Directly moves stale air out of the building from each space
Exhaust Propeller Fan
●
Pushes the stale air out of the ductwork system towards the outside
Supply Fan
●
Directs fresh air towards the inside of the service room
Supply Ductwork
●
Carries fresh air from the supply fan towards the grille inlet
Steel Damper with Double Blade
●
Provides Ventilation but also stops fire and smoke from spreading
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Extract System
Natural Ventilation
Roof Level Subsystems
Combined System
Natural Ventilation
Extract System
LEGEND
SYSTEM
VENTILATION FLOW
Extract System
Air from the service rooms is directly transferred out to ensure the room is constantly well ventilated for optimal service production.
Combined System
Air is supplied to maintain optimal internal temperature of the room to ensure the system runs optimally.
JUSTIFICATION
Sectional Axono of Ground Level Combined System
Extract and combined system functions directly to constantly ventilate service rooms as well as is surrounded by natural ventilation. Hence, internal and external temperatures are maintained.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Basement to Level 14 Ventilation Flow
Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 Part 1: Preliminary Clause 41: Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning (1) Where permanent mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning is intended, the relevant building bylaws relating to natural ventilation, natural lighting and heights of rooms may be waived at the discretion of the local authority. (2) Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered if in addition to the permanent air-conditioning system there is provided alternative approved means of ventilating the airconditioned enclosure, such that within half an hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less than the stipulated volume of fresh air specified hereinafter shall be introduced into the enclosure during the period when the air-conditioning system is not functioning. (3) The provisions of Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings which are mechanically ventilated or air-conditioned. (4) Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Third Schedule to these By-laws, the provisions of these By-laws relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such lavatory, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors. Part VII: Fire Requirements Clause 202: Pressurized System for Staircase All staircase serving building of more than 45.75 metres in height where there is no adequate ventilation as required shall be provided with a basic system of pressurization. MS1525 - 2007 Clause 8.4.5 : Mechanical Ventilation Control Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) should be equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction when ventilation is not required. Examples of such devices would include their timer switch control, thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/CO2 sensor
Sectional Axono Diagram
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM /Passive fire strategy. 1. LOCATION OF FIRE PROTECTION VENTILATION
6. VERTICAL PLANNING: FIRE PREVENTION
●
Fire Appliance Access
●
Table 1: Legend with Justification
●
Fire Hydrant Placement
●
South Elevation: Slab Compartments, False
●
Safe Zone Strategy
Ceiling Fire Retardancy, Beams & Smoke
●
Fire Brigade
Exhausting ●
West Elevation: Slab Compartments, False Ceiling Fire Retardancy, Beams & Smoke
2. PURPOSE GROUP ●
Exhausting
UBBL: Travel Distance Requirements
7. HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE PREVENTION 3. VERTICAL PLANNING: ESCAPE OVERVIEW ●
Table1: Legend with Justification
●
West Elevation: Escape Route (Horizontal)
●
South Elevation: Escape Route (Vertical)
●
Table 1: Legend with Justification
●
Floor Plans: Smoke Removal Path & Wall Compartments
8. PASSIVE DETAILS 4. HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE OVERVIEW ● ●
●
Ergonomic Safety
●
Material Safety
●
Environmental Safety
Table 1: Legend with Justification Floor Plans: Escape Route
LOCATION OF FIRE PROTECTION VENTILATION Site plan: Fire Appliance Location, Hydrant Placement, Safe Zone, Fire Brigade 8.0m Wide Fire Brigade Access Road
8.0m Wide Fire Brigade Access Road
8.0m Wide Fire Brigade Access Road
8.0m Wide Fire Brigade Access Road
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME
Safe Zone (North, South, West)
Fire Brigade (Wide Road)
Water Storage Tank (Fire Protect)
Fire Brigade (Access Route)
Backup Water Storage Tank
Fire Hydrant (within 90m of each other)
Domestic Water Storage Tank
PURPOSE GROUP Site plan: Fire Appliance Location, Hydrant Placement, Safe Zone, Fire Brigade
Floor Level
Purpose group (fifth schedule)
Max. Travel Distance Requirement by Floor Type (Sprinklered)
B3-B1
Parking Garages
45m
LG
Parking Garages
45m
GL
Parking Garages
45m
L1
Shoplots
45m
L2
Classrooms
60m
L14
Student Accommodation
45m
L15
Student Accommodation
45m
Table 1: Max. Travel Distance Requirements referring to the Seventh Schedule of UBBL
VERTICAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE. Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification SYMBOL
STAIRCASE
JUSTIFICATION
EXIT NAME
JUSTIFICATION
Occupants are allowed to use this staircase from Basement Car Park to Roof Level ● Ease of Movement ● Reduce confusion to users
WEST SAFE ZONE
Placed at Western Corner of the building to direct users towards Lower Ground Level.
Located 16m away from the Fire Staircase 1 to allow central exit as a backup exit ● Occupants are only allowed to go up from Level 1 until Level 20 ● Easy to reach to the Safe Zone when there is incidents happens ● Mainly for users who are using the hostel and classrooms
EAST SAFE ZONE
Placed at Eastern Corner of the building to direct users towards Level 1.
NORTH SAFE ZONE
Placed at Northern Corner of the building to direct users towards Lower Ground Level.
SOUTH SAFE ZONE
Placed at Southern Corner of the building to direct users towards Lower Ground Level.
● FIRE STAIRCASE 1
SYMBOL
●
FIRE STAIRCASE 2
● FIRE STAIRCASE 3
Located 45m away from the Fire Staircase 2 to allow central exit as a backup exit ● Occupants are only allowed to go up from Level 1 until Level 20 ● Easy to meet the assembly point ● Mainly for users who are using the hostel and classrooms
● FIRE STAIRCASE 4
Occupants are allowed to use this staircase from Basement Car Park to Roof Level ● Ease of Movement ● Reduce confusion to users ● Easy to meet the Safe Zone
VERTICAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE. Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification
South Sectional Elevation.
West Sectional Elevation.
HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Basement 1 Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
45m
23m
45m
45m
41m
45m
45m
38m
45m
22m
45m
45m
HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Lower Ground Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
44m
25m
45m
45m
37m
45m
20m
45m
45m
23m
24m
45m
25m
39m
45m
HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Ground Level Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
45m
23m
45m
43m
41m
45m
32m
36m
45m
22m
45m
45m
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE. Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Level 1 (Shops) Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
34m
25m
45m
32m
43m
45m
20m
19m
45m
33m
35m
45m
45m
22m
45m
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE. Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Level 2 (Classroom) Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
35m
22m
60m
43m
28m
60m
45m
35m
60m
23m
35m
60m
35m
33m
60m
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE. Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Level 14 (Hostel Lobby) Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
34m
19m
45m
45m
27m
45m
29m
17m
45m
22m
33m
45m
30m
33m
45m
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: ESCAPE ROUTE. Fire Staircase Location, Placement Justification, Escape Route, Travel Distance
Level 15 (Hostel) Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Furthest Point
Escape Direction
SYMB OL
TRAVEL DISTANCE ROUTE 1 (LEFT)
ROUTE 2 (RIGHT)
UBBL STANDARD (BASEMENT PARKING)
34m
19m
45m
45m
27m
45m
29m
17m
45m
22m
33m
45m
30m
33m
45m
/VERTICAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Slab Compartments, False Ceiling Fire Retardancy, Beams & Smoke Exhausting. Slab Compartments SYMBOLS
FIRE RATING MATERIAL
PLANNING CONSIDERATION
FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
4-hours Fire Rating
Level 1 to Roof Level slabs comply to UBBL requirements for the fire and as to be done for floors above Ground Level
Slabs thats cover the plinth are fully maximise GFA of the Level 1 to Level 20’ spaces.
Basement 3 to Ground Level slabs consist of voids as seen on the plan to allow stack removal of smoke
Slabs that contain voids suit the car park planning rather than artificial creating voids.
ELEMENT NAME
200mm thk. RC Floor Slab 150mm thk. Rc Floor Slab
2-hours Fire Rating
False Ceiling Fire Retardancy
SYMBOLS
ELEMENT NAME
FIRE RATING MATERIAL
FINISHES FIRE RETARDANCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
GYPROC Fire Rated Ceiling System (50mm)
2-hours Fire Rating of Board
Gypsum board with Fire Resistive Coating
Provides additional vertical compartment while concealing ductwork within 900mm ceiling space
Beams Fire Retardancy SYMBOLS
ELEMENT NAME
FIRE RATING MATERIAL
FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
600mm thk. RC Beams
HENSOTHERM 820 KS extends duration of fire rating up to 240 minutes for RC Beams
Beams are concealed within the ceiling space
/VERTICAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Slab Compartments, False Ceiling Fire Retardancy, Beams & Smoke Exhausting.
South Sectional Elevation.
West Sectional Elevation.
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Level 1 (Shops) Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Lower Ground Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Ground Level Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Level 1 Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Level 2 Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Level 14 Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/HORIZONTAL PLANNING: FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION OVERVIEW. Considerations on Walls, Doors, Smoke Removal Path.
Level 15 Floor Plan.
SYMBOL
COMPARTMENTS NAME COMPARTMENT FIRE RATING MATERIAL
JUSTIFICATION (MINUTES)
Compartment Wall
200mm Thickness Reinforced Concrete Wall
240
Fire Rated Roller Shutter
W3200 x H4200 1.0mm thickness Zincalume AZ150 by BlueScope Steel (Motorised)
240
E120 Fire Door
2 layers of Reinforcement Fiberglass with Galvanised Steel Guide Rail
120
SYMBOL
NAME Vertical Removal of Smoke Vertical Mechanical Pressurisation against smoke Horizontal Removal of Smoke
/PASSIVE DETAIL: STAIRCASE & RAILING ERGONOMIC SAFETY Anthropometry considerations and running circulation considerations
Railing-Wall Gap: 85mm
Landing Width: 900mm (more than staircase width)
Railing Height: 1100mm
Staircase Width: 1075mm Fire Door Width: 1800mm (Fire Exit Sign for Legibility)
/PASSIVE DETAIL: STAIRCASE & RAILING MATERIAL SAFETY Material types and fire durability considerations
200mm RC Wall: 4 hours rated wall to prevent heat transfer to lobby and consequently staircase
Stainless Steel Railing: High strength and reflective surface minimises heat absorptance Micro Aggregate Finish Screed: very durable material that does not crack, anti-slip expose surface of floors to staircase finish
Precast RC Staircase Unit: High durability to fire,structural damage and etc
/PASSIVE DETAIL: STAIRCASE & RAILING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY Climate and Situational considerations
Wall to block climate elements from affecting the stair: Minimise rain, glare and heat towards users escaping around the stairs.
Stair Ventilation: Allows to improve cross ventilation of staircase core.
Stair nosing and slant: To angle downwards slightly to prevent rainwater collection on the thread of the stairs and ensure flow downwards.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM /Active fire strategy. 1. WATER BASED EXTINGUISHER CIRCULATION ●
Table 1: Legend with Justification
●
South Elevation: Water Sources, Storage Elements, Connection Elements, Discharge Elements
●
West Elevation: Water Sources, Storage Elements, Connection Elements, Discharge Elements
2. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES ●
Table 1: Legend with Justification
●
Floor Plans: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel
3. AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES ●
Table 1: Legend with Justification
●
Floor Plans: Sprinkler
/WATER BASED EXTINGUISHER CIRCULATION. Water sources, Storage elements, Connections elements, Discharge elements.
SYMBOL
ELEMENT NAME Fire Protection Tank
Landing Valve
Sprinkle Water Pipe (water source from fire truck)
Sprinkle Water Pipe (water source from water tank)
Air Release Valve
Siamese Connection
Fire Fighting Shaft
Hose
/WATER BASED EXTINGUISHER CIRCULATION. Vertical Planning: Water sources, Storage elements, Connections elements, Discharge elements.
South Sectional Elevation.
West Sectional Elevation.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Basement 1 Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Lower Ground Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Ground Level Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Level 1 (Shops) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Level 2 (Classroom) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Level 14 (Hostel Lobby) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/IMMEDIATE RESPONSE FEATURES.
FCAP
Horizontal Planning: Heat Detectors, Air/Smoke Detector, Audio & Visual Alarms, Occupant Portable Fire Extinguisher, Bomba Wet Riser, Bomba Hose Reel .
Level 15 (Hostel) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
EX
NAME
SYMBOL
NAME
Heat Detector
FCAP
Founder Alarm Control Panel
Heat Detector( Explosion proof)
Sounder with Xenon Flasher
Table 1: Heat Detectors.
Manual Alarm Call Point Table 3: Audio & Visual Alarms
SYMBOL
NAME Smoke Detector Ceiling Mounted
Table 2: Air/Smoke Detectors.
SYMBOL
NAME Bomba Wet Riser( Landing Valve) Bomba Hose Reel
Table 4: Fire Extinguisher.
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning) .
Basement 1 Floor Plan. SYMBOL
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning) .
Lower Ground Floor Plan. SYMBOL
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning) .
Ground Level Floor Plan. SYMBOL
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning) .
Level 1 (Shops) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning) .
Level 2 (Classroom) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning) .
Level 14 (Hostel Lobby) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
/AUTO RESPONSE FEATURES. Horizontal Planning: Auto Extinguisher (Sprinkler Planning)
Level 15 (Hostel) Floor Plan. SYMBOL
Distance Between 2 Sprinkles = 4500mm
SUPPLY ELEMENTS’ NAME Dry Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Sprinkler Coverage area Dry Sprinkler Pipe Foam Pipe Commercial Sprinkler Foam Sprinkler Pipe
MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 1. ● ●
LOCATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Sectional Axono of System Building Occupancy
2. ● ● ● ●
VERTICAL PLANNING & CIRCULATION User Circulation Access User Transportation on Daily Analysis Number of Lifts Required Lift Zoning
3. ●
HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL PLANNING OVERVIEW Operation of Lifts ○ Public ○ Hostel [Accomodation] ○ Bomba
4.
DETAIL SECTION OF LIFT TRACTION SYSTEM CONNECTION TO MACHINE ROOM Motor Room Components Lift Car Components
● ●
5. ● ●
HORIZONTAL PLANNING FOR PERFORMANCE Lift Lobby & Features Lift User Experience ○ Lift Performance ○ Travel Distance
6. IN CONJUNCTION TO FIRE SAFETY EFFECTIVENESS ● ● ●
UBBL Requirements Lobby & Lift Design Considerations External Features & Specifications
1.
LOCATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Building Occupancy
Zoning on Floor Types
Symbol
Axonometric Diagram
Floor Name
Main Spaces by Floor
8AM Population by Floor
B3-GL
285 Basement Carpark Bays
2x285 bays = 570pax HIGH
1x285 bays = 285pax MEDIUM
2x285 bays = 570pax HIGH
L1
Shoplots & eateries
10x13 bays = 130pax LOW
20x13 bays = 260pax HIGH
10x13 bays = 130pax LOW
-
L2-L13
Lecture & classrooms
25x15 baysx12 floors = 4500pax HIGH
15x15 baysx12 floors = 1800pax MEDIUM
25x15 baysx12 floors = 4500pax HIGH
-
L14L20
Hostel Accomodation Rooms & Lounge Areas
15x 7 floors = 105pax LOW
15x 7 floors = 105pax LOW
15x 7 floors = 105pax LOW
30x7 floors = 210pax HIGH
Roof Level
Services
B3 Roof Level
Total Building Spaces (nett)
12PM Population by Floor
5PM Population by Floor
9PM Ppoulation by Floor
-
-
-
-
-
Approx 5200pax (high transport needed)
Approx 2500pax (reduced approximate as high temporary mobility)
Approx 5200pax (high transport needed)
Approx 230pax (low transfer needed)
Time Based Spatial Population Assumption Analysis: B3-GL : 285 Basement Carpark bays L1 : 13 Shoplot bays (Approximately 15pax/bay) L2-L13 : Classrooms & Lecture bays (approximately 25 pax/bay) by floor L14 : 8 hostel rooms consisting of single & double twin rooms (Approx 30pax) L15-L20 : Combination of single & double twin rooms 9 (Approx 30pax/floor)
2.
VERTICAL PLANNING & CIRCULATION
Determining Number of Lifts Needed on Vertical Route
8AM Travel
8AM total pax/hour (approximate)
12PM Travel
12PM total pax/hour
5PM Travel
5PM total pax/hour
Legend Symbol
Explanation
-
B3-L13 Users travel from Carpark to Classrooms
400-700 = 4 LIFTS NEEDED
L13-L1 Users travel from lecture to shops
300-400 = 2 LIFTS NEEDED
L13-B3 Users travel from lecture to carpark
Legend Symbol
Explanation
TOTAL Transfer Needs
400-600 = 3 LIFTS NEEDED
-
L20-L2 Users travel from hostel to lecture
400-600 = 3 LIFTS NEEDED
Approx 5200pax
7 LIFTS NEEDED
L13-B3 Users travel from lecture to carpark
Approx 2500pax
300-400 = 2 LIFTS NEEDED
4 LIFTS NEEDED
L2-L20 Users travel from lecture to hostel
Approx 5200pax
400-600 = 3 LIFTS NEEDED
6 LIFTS NEEDED
Summary of assumptions of maximum number of lifts needed are done based on time based analysis of total number of passengers per hour. Calculation of maximum needs on average has accumulated to a total of 7 lifts in need. Note: Total lifts were assumed of 200 passengers/lift)
Determining number of users based on the number of rooms & occupants (floor based).
2.
VERTICAL PLANNING & CIRCULATION Users Vertical Mode of Movement (Lift Route)
Long Sectional Diagram (Refer legend on previous page)
Short Sectional Diagram (Refer legend on previous page)
2.
Malaysian Standards
VERTICAL PLANNING & CIRCULATION
61 diameter coverage for multiple lifts to service its users who preferably choose lifts placed at end or centre depending on the users location, destination & permittance (keycard access).
Lift Zoning, Type & Handling Capacity
L1 Shoplot Diagram
Legend
Lift Type
Lift Quantity
Placement
Car Size
Handling Capacity (Peak Period)
Justification
Passenger Lift
5
Side & Central
2.2m x 2.6m
12-13 pax
Passenger lifts are grouped and placed centrally for ease of access.
BOMBA Lift
2
Side
2.5m x 3.0m
18-20 pax
FIre lifts placed at end of corners & are near exits to guide to get to safety (assembly points).
Lift Zonings
B3-L20 Side Lifts (Passenger & Bomba Lifts) L1-L20 Central Lifts (Passenger Lifts)
3. HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL PLANNING OVERVIEW Operation of lifts PUBLIC VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
Long Sectional Diagram
3. HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL PLANNING OVERVIEW
Malaysian Standards 61 diameter coverage for multiple lifts to service its users who preferably choose lifts placed at end or centre depending on the users location, destination & permittance (keycard access).
L2-L13 Classroom Diagram
Symbol
User Types
Common User Route Path
Preferred Use of Lift
Non residents
From Ground Floor main shoplots area to classrooms upon arrival to Block.
Residents
Higher number of lifts allow residents to transport to classroom at a faster pace.
Central Placed Lifts
Users from Basement
Direct access from basement carpark levels to classroom upon parking made.
Side Lifts
Central Placed Lifts
User to Transport Considerations
Entry for users to be centrally placed as all rooms are close by. Residents avoiding peak hour traffic may take side lifts instead to be brought directly to basement without changing lifts. Giving options to residents. Bomba lifts as alternative to bigger lifts to accommodate more occupants from basement to upper floors.
3. HORIZONTAL PLANNING OVERVIEW Operation of lifts HOSTEL (RESIDENTS) VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
Heavy use of side placed lifts for further & longer transport. Parked residents may have direct access from basement carpark to hostel.
Long Sectional Diagram
Malaysian Standards
3. HORIZONTAL PLANNING OVERVIEW
61 diameter coverage for multiple lifts to service its users who preferably choose lifts placed at end or centre depending on the users location, destination & permittance (keycard access).
L14-L20 Hostel Accomodation Diagram
Symbol
User Types
Common User Route Path
Preferred Use of Lift
Residents
Residents from L1 Shoplots & L2-L13 Classrooms.
Both
Service Attendants
Cleaning or air conditioning service attendants to get to servicing/maintenance required areas.
Central Placed Lifts
Residents from Basement
LG, GL & B1-B3 Basement carpark transport residents directly to hostel with card access.
Side Lifts
User to Transport Considerations
Lifts becomes commercial lifts. Depending during the day, heavy traffic allow residents to transport in a quicker pace by having options on all lifts with key card feature available. Residents avoiding peak hour traffic may take side lifts instead to be brought directly to basement without changing lifts. Giving options to residents.
Side lifts with card system feature for ensuring residents’ safety.
3. HORIZONTAL PLANNING OVERVIEW
Operation of lifts
BOMBA VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
Long Sectional Diagram
Malaysian Standards
3. HORIZONTAL PLANNING OVERVIEW
61 diameter coverage for multiple lifts to service its users who preferably choose lifts placed at end or centre depending on the users location, destination & permittance (keycard access).
L14 Hostel Management Diagram L14 Hostel Management Diagram
Symbol
User & Situations
Firefighters to Occupants
Common User Route Path
Utilize BOMBA lifts to evacuate occupants.
Preferred Use of Lift
BOMBA Side Lifts only
User to Transport Considerations
Side placed lifts are nearer to building exits & evacuation for safety.
Malaysian Standards
3. HORIZONTAL PLANNING OVERVIEW
61 diameter coverage for multiple lifts to service its users who preferably choose lifts placed at end or centre depending on the users location, destination & permittance (keycard access).
L21 Roof Level
Symbol
User & Situations
Firefighters to Fire Occurrence
Common User Route Path
Utilize BOMBA lifts to put off fire.
Preferred Use of Lift
BOMBA Side Lifts to connecting Fire Staircase
User to Transport Considerations
Fire staircase connecting to L21 roof level as lift stops on L20 Hostel Level. Prevention of occupants to access to Roof level.
4. DETAIL SECTION OF LIFT TRACTION SYSTEM CONNECTION TO MACHINE ROOM LIFT TYPE: Traction with Machine Room
Motor Room Components Control Panel Cabinet & Control Board
Hoisting Motor
Functionality
Houses electrical components large sized control panels cabinets located beside gearless traction motors for ease of maintenance. ● ●
● ●
Driving Sheave
●
● ●
Governor
Lift Car Components
-
Main component is moving lift cabin An electrical motor directly connected to the driving sheave & brake Use of cable ropes. Motor driving sheaves and governors are secured in a steel cage to prevent accidents.
Component that provides supprt and grips the cable rope Acts as the fulcrum to lift pulley system Lift cabin ascends/descends when driving sheave is rotated. A stopping mechanism of an elevator device just in case elevator beyond the specified speed.
Functionality
Car Ceiling with Trap Door
Maintenance work for car-top repair work accessibility.
Safety Top Balustrade
Safety purposes during maintenance work.
Cap Rollers
Aiding lift car vertical movement in conjunction to the rotation of driving sheave.
4. DETAIL SECTION OF LIFT TRACTION SYSTEM CONNECTION TO MACHINE ROOM LIFT TYPE: Traction with Machine Room
Lift Core Components
Functionality
Travelling Cable
Element to transfer movement of hoisting shevae to the cap rollers.
Counterweights
Counterweight balances lift car and load and smoothens ride, making lifting load easier.
Roller Guides Steel track for safe & precise movement of lift car.
Lift Pit Components
Functionality
Counterweight Buffer
Placed at the bottom of lift, a ‘stopper’ of preventing counterweight from traveling past base of lift shaft.
Lift Car Buffer
Safety component on preventing lift car from travelling past base of lift shaft.
Cab Rollers
Aiding lift car vertical movement in conjunction to the rotation of driving sheave.
4. DETAIL SECTION OF LIFT TRACTION SYSTEM CONNECTION TO MACHINE ROOM DETAILS: Traction System
Symbol
Components Chosen System Type = Gearless Traction Lift System
Justification ● ●
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Motor Room Placement/Location = Roof Level (L21)
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(Referenced Diagram)
AC or DC motor used. Counterweight ○ offsets the weight of cabin & passengers of lift, thus reducing strain on lift motos, making it more efficient Connected directly to dirving sheave, ○ system does not consist of any gears ○ Leads to a faster travels peed & more powerful motor To accommodate the increased weight & stress of motor & lift cabins Floor slab or motor room has increased reinforcement & thickness
4. DETAIL SECTION OF LIFT TRACTION SYSTEM CONNECTION TO MACHINE ROOM INTRODUCTION - HOW IT WORKS & LIFT TYPE
HOW IT WORKS. Hosting ropes are connected to the top of the elevator cabin and surrounded around the drive sheave for motion. The other end of the rope is connected to a counterweight for providing balance and stability to a mechanical system. This type of elevator can be used for tall building designs.
Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 Part V1: Constructional Requirements Clause 124: Lifts For all non residential buildings exceeding 4 storeys above or below the main access level at least one lift must be provided.
GEARLESS TRACTION WITH MACHINE ROOM WHY CHOOSE GEARLESS TRACTION WITH MACHINE ROOM?
Justification
Wheel Attached. Wheels are attached directly to motor. Costing.
Suitability for high rise buildings.
High travel speed for for larger capacity at one time. Variety of advantages.
Initial cost is high but with medium maintenance costs. Energy usage is efficiently used compared to geared traction lift systems.
High travel distance of 600m.
Travel speed reaches up to 600m/minute or 2.54m/second. ● ● ● ●
Superior efficiency Quietness Durability Le-ss maintainance required
5. HORIZONTAL PLANNING FOR PERFORMANCE & USER EXPERIENCE
Long Sectional Elevation Diagram (Refer legend on next page)
Short Sectional Elevation Diagram (Refer legend on next page)
Uniform Building By-Laws 153
5. HORIZONTAL PLANNING FOR PERFORMANCE & USER EXPERIENCE
Smoke detector to be provided at lift lobbies.
Lift Car Type Design
Legend
Car Type Name
Lift Model Reference
Ergonomics Considerations
Aesthetic Considerations ●
Passenger Lift Mitsubishi NEXIER-MR (Residential/ Commercial Use)
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BOMBA Lift Mitsubishi NEXIEZ-MR (BOMBA/Residenti al/Commercial Use)
Car operating panel at the height of 900m from floor. Braille for the disabled.
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● ● ●
Larger car size suitable for service transport. User friendly
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LED indicators for high visibility of board panel Smooth aluminium finish & reflective mirrors
Car operating panel provided with LED indicators Display & signal features
Comfort Considerations
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Energy efficient use of light & internal fan
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Energy efficient light & fan. Motion sensors on door opening for safe boarding.
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Additional Features & Considerations
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Key card system to residential access to hostel
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Railings are up to 900mm in height.
Lift Lobby Design
Legend
Car Type Name
Lift Model Reference
Ergonomics Considerations ●
Natural Ventilated Lobby 1
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Natural Ventilated Lobby 2
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Natural Ventilated Lobby 3
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Lift lobby size 7800 x 5800mm Lift buttons are at 900mm from floor
Lift lobby size 6000 x 8350mm Lift buttons are at 900mm from floor
Lift lobby 5500 x 5800mm Lift buttons are at 900mm from floor
Aesthetic Considerations
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●
Comfort Considerations ●
Natural ventilation with window channels for passing air.
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Natural ventilation with window channels for passing air. Larger lobby area to accommodate higher traffic.
Bare concrete finishing
Bare concrete finishing
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Bare concrete finishing
Natural ventilation with window channels for passing air.
Additional Features & Considerations ●
Smoke detector & sprinkler system for fire protection.
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Smoke detector & sprinkler system for fire protection.
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Smoke detector & sprinkler system for fire protection.
5. HORIZONTAL PLANNING FOR PERFORMANCE 6. IN CONJUNCTION TO FIRE SAFETY EFFECTIVENESS Planning/Guides Requirements Lift Lobby Lift Core, BOMBA
Cat ego ry
Lift Car
Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia (16.2.8-16.2.10) Requirements
Application on Considerations
Lift lobby area is twice the depth of car
Lift lobby is is 5500mm whilst lift car is in 2500m depth
Minimum load for fire lift is 550kg
Maximum lift capacity is 1360kg
Minimum fire lift door clearing of 800mm
Fire lift door clearing of 1800mm
Lift lobby area should have a floor area of no less than 5.7m2.
Lift lobby area is 33.6m2.
Fire lift car to cover total travel distance in under 1 minute.
Fire lift car travels 2.5m/s.
Active Design System Cat ego ry
Lobby Area Size: 5500x 5800mm
Active Fire Response Measures
Lift lobbies are to be equipped with smoke detectors, UBBL By Law 153 with keyless power switch to be designated on fire floor, installed adjacent to the lift opening.
Smoke Detector
Designated FIre Floor Designated Fire Floor Level 1 - Shoplots
Application on Considerations
Reason
Designated fire floor is at Level 1 where all lifts can be accessed occupants be transported out to safety open area.
All fire lifts return in sequence directly to designated floors commencing with fire lifts without landing calls. Illumination for emergency lights are to be activated in fire lifts during power failure.
Keyless power swtich
Fire lifts will fully operate during Fire Mode Operation to response to fire lift switch operations. Fire lifts Mitsubishi has 8W Fluorescent lighting & ability to last for minimum of 3 hours.
UBBL BUILDING BY LAWS FOR MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION (COMPILATION)
UBBL 124 For all non-residential buildings more than 4-storeys above the main access level at least one lift shall be provided. UBBL 151 ‘VENTILATION FOR SHAFTS’ 1. Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall open into a protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of the local authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to open type industrial and other special buildings as may be approved by D.G.F.S. 2. Landing doors shall have an FRP of not less than half the FRP of the hoist way structure with a minimum FRP of half hour. UBBL 153 ‘SMOKE DETECTORS FOR LIFT LOBBIES’ 1. All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors. 2. Lift not opening in a soke lobby shall not use door opening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detector unless incorporated with a force close feature which after 30 seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a present time. UBBL 154 ‘EMERGENCY MODE OF OPERATION IN THE EVENT OF MAINS POWER FAILURE’ 1. On failure of mains power of lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts, without answering any car or landing calls and park with door open. 2. After all lifts are packed, the lifts on emergency power shall resume after normal operation. Provide that where sufficient emergency power is available for operation of all lifts, this mode of operation needs to apply. UBBL 155 ‘FIRE MODE OF OPERATIONS’ 1. The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from fire alarm panel which may be activated automatically be one of the alarm devices in building or manually. 2. Fire lifts shall then be available for use by fire brigade on operation of the firemen’s switch. (Fire control) 3. Under this mode of operation, the fire lifts shall only operate in response to car cells but not to landing calls in a mode of operation in accordance with by law 154. 4. In the events of main power failure, all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor, commencing with fire firs, without answering any car or landing calls, overriding the emergency stop button inside the car, but not any other emergency or safety devices and park with doors open.
REFERENCES Mechanical Ventilation 1. Linquip team. (2020, October 27). Mechanical Ventilation System, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved from https://www.linquip.com/blog/mechanical-ventilation-system/. 2. Ismail, M.R. (2009, March 17). Mechanical Ventilation. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/arkam_slideshare/mechanical-ventilation 3. Greeno, R. (2015). Building Services, Technology & Design. Published by : Routledge. Air Conditioning System 1. Sisson, P. (2017, May 9). How Air Conditioning Shaped Modern Architecture & Changed Our Climate. Retrieved from https://archive.curbed.com/2017/5/9/15583550/air-conditioning-architecture-skyscraper-wright-lever-house. 2. Chaudhry, H.N. (2016, May 5). The Role of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning. Retrieved from https://www.sustainable-buildings-journal.org/articles/sbuild/full_html/2016/01/sbuild160009/sbuild160009.html. 3. Rigamonti, D. (2014, October 23). Air Conditioning. Retrieved from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Air_conditioning. Fire Protection System 1. Nieminen, R. (2008, April 1). The Basics of Passive Fire Protection. Retrieved from https://www.buildings.com/articles/34692/basics-passive-fire-protection#:~:text=Fire%20barriers%2C%20firewalls%2C%20fire%2 0partitions,building%20and%20allow%20safe%20egress. 2. Mein, S. (2019, June 13). What is a Fire Protection System?. Retrieved from https://www.firetrace.com/fire-protection-blog/what-is-a-fire-protection-system. 3. Sutton, I. (2017). Active Fire Protection. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/active-fire-protection. Mechanical Transportation System 1. Srivastav, A. (2019, September 19). Mechanical transportation system in building. Retrieved https://www.slideshare.net/arabhinavknp/mechanical-transportation-system-in-building-expert-lecture-on-19092019. 2. Mohd Puzi, N.S. (n.d). Transportation Systems in Buildings. Retrieved https://www.academia.edu/7580505/TRANSPORTATION_SYSTEMS_IN_BUILDINGS. 3. Lim, F.S. (2014, December 24). Mechanical Transportation. Retrieved https://issuu.com/limfousing/docs/mechanical_transportation
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