Building Performance Simulation by Jill Sornson Kurtz

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION ARCH 753 | DECEMBER 16, 2013 | JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS

GOAL

BASE CASE

DESIGN CASE 1 DESIGN CASE 2

PROJECT OBJECTIVE

LIGHT

EcoTect

Sunpath Overshadowing

X X

Wind Rose Psychometric Chart Passive Design Strategies

X X X

Design Builder CFD Outdoor Analysis

This projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objective is to highlight environmental factors that are important in the design of passive residences and the use of computers as a design / analysis tool for high performance buildings. This project seeks to use these tools (as listed in table) to inform a more climatically responsive residential design solution.

AIR FLOW EcoTect

The project is located in Wharton Park in Philadelphia, USA (39.9o, -75.2o)

BUILDING ANALYSIS LIGHT

EcoTect

Illuminance Glare - Luminance Glare - Human Sensitivity Shadow Studies

500-1000 lux 2 perspectives

X X X X

0.5 - 1.5m/s

15% reduction

AIR FLOW Design Builder

CFD Indoor Analysis

X X X X

WHART ON PARK

ENERGY E-Quest

Yearly Energy Analysis

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS SUN PATH Sun path diagrams were generated in EcoTect. The sun path analysis provides the following conclusions: • Summer sun angles are the most vertical at 48o (9a/3p), and 72o (12p). Since this is a high heat gain season, it is important to use horizontal shades to protect the house from solar heat gain. • March and September sun angles are the more moderate at 34o (9a/3p), and 52o (12p). Horizontal shades can be used to shade. • December sun angles are the lowest at 15o (9a/3p), and 28o (12p). This low angle cannot be shaded with horizontal shades and vertical shades should be employed.

21 JUNE, 9a / 12p / 3p

21 MARCH / SEPTEMBER, 9a / 12p / 3p N

345°

15°

345°

330°

30°

45°

315°

40°

300° 1 st Ju l 1 st A u g

50°

285°

60°

1 st M a y 75°

70°

1 st S e p 17 270°

90°

285°

1 st M a y 75°

70° 17

90°

1 st M a r 255° 1 st N o v

105°

1 st Ja n 120°

240°

225°

135°

210°

150° 195°

180°

165°

60°

1 st M a y 75°

70° 17

80°

1 st A p r 8

270°

90°

9 14

1 st M a r 255° 1 st N o v

105°

1 st Fe b 1 st D e c

285°

1 st O c t

60° 1 st Ju n

50°

1 st A p r 9

1 st S e p

8 15

40°

80° 16

270°

45°

20°

300° 1 st Ju l 1 st A u g

60°

1 st O c t

60° 1 st Ju n

50°

1 st A p r 9

315°

30°

1 st S e p

8 15

45°

40°

80° 16

1 st O c t

30° 10°

30° 60° 1 st Ju n

15°

330°

20°

30°

1 st A u g

345°

10°

20°

300° 1 st Ju l

15°

330°

10° 315°

21 DECEMBER, 9a / 12p / 3p

1 st M a r 255° 1 st N o v

105°

1 st Fe b 1 st D e c

1 st Ja n 120°

240°

225°

1 st Fe b 1 st D e c

135°

210°

225°

150° 195°

180°

1 st Ja n 120°

240°

135°

210°

165°

150° 195°

ARCH 753

180°

165°

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS SITE SHADOW RANGE Overshadowing performed by EcoTect from 9a-3p at 3 different times of year, June, March/September, and December. The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions: • In the winter, the entire north side remains in shadow which makes it difficult for snow to melt around the garage and may make path to house icy. • Little to no shade is provided in the current design on the south facade • Sun angle is highest in summer so shading on south, facade should be provided to accommodate these high angles.

21 JUNE, 9a-3p

21 SEPTEMBER/MAR, 9a-3p

• Sun is direct on the east side in the morning and on the west side in the afternoons.

21 DECEMBER, 9a-3p

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS 303+ 272 242 212 181 151 121 90 60 <30hr

ALL YEAR

SUMMER

N OR T H

345°

50 km/ h

N OR T H

15°

330°

345° 30°

315°

45°

30 km/ h 60°

300°

60°

20 km/ h

75°

285°

10 km/ h

W EST

EAST

105°

240°

W EST

225°

105°

240°

135°

210°

120°

225°

150°

135°

210°

165°

150°

195°

SOU T H

165° SOU T H

WINTER

N OR T H

345° 30°

SPRING

N OR T H

15°

330°

50 km/ h

N OR T H

345°

15°

330°

45°

315°

30°

315°

45°

30 km/ h

45°

30 km/ h

300°

60°

30 km/ h

300°

60°

20 km/ h

300°

60°

20 km/ h

285°

75°

20 km/ h

285°

10 km/ h

75°

10 km/ h

W EST

EAST

255°

105°

240°

120°

225°

135°

210°

150°

165°

15°

40 km/ h

315°

50 km/ h

330°

30°

40 km/ h

SOU T H

• Project should be protected from winter winds if possible; they come primarily from the north west.

EAST

255°

120°

195°

• Wind for cooling is most important in the summer which comes primarily from the south west.

75°

10 km/ h

50 km/ h

• Winds come from the south east most consistently.

20 km/ h

285°

345°

The wind analysis provides the following conclusions:

30 km/ h

300°

255°

100+ 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 <10hr

Wind analysis performed by EcoTect Weather Tool.

40 km/ h 45°

AUTUMN

PREVAILING WINDS

15°

30°

40 km/ h 315°

195°

50 km/ h

330°

10 km/ h

W EST

EAST

255°

105°

240°

120°

225°

135°

210°

150°

195°

165°

W EST

EAST

255°

105°

240°

120°

225°

135°

210°

150°

195°

SOU T H

165° SOU T H

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS PSYCHOMETRIC CHART Psychometric analysis performed by EcoTect Weather Tool and measures temperature, absolute humidity, and enthalpy. The psychometric analysis provides the following conclusions: AH

• A majority of the yearly conditions exist under 20oC • Only passive solar heating can be utilized in the winter months • Natural ventilation and night purges can be effective passive cooling strategies

NATURAL VENTILATION

INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING THERMAL MASS

DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING EXPOSED MASS + NIGHT PURGE

DBT(°C)

-10

-5

RT COMFO

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS CFD SITE ANALYSIS Computational fluid dynamics modeling was performed for the site of Wharton square. Immediate context was included in the model to the area around the park and the analysis was set to an Urban Environment. The summer wind was assumed to come from the southwest (225o) at an average of 3.5 m/s. The psychometric analysis provides the following conclusions: • The area around the project is at a minimum of .89m/s • The trees placed in the model had little affect on the summer winds.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS BASE CASE HOUSE Initial analysis of the base case design before simulation knowledge was gained and applied.

GARAGE

Floorplan: • 2,025 sf single family floor • 4 bedrooms on the east and west sides, core living areas in the middle of the floor plan. • A north walkway connects the garage to the rest of the house and may get icy in the winter without sun.

GARDEN

• The garage may also block sun to the kitchen and dining room.

BEDROOM 3

BEDROOM 4

KITCHEN

Glazing + Shading

DINING

• Four of the windows have vertical shades • There are 2 large glass patio doors on the south side that aren’t shaded.

LIVING ROOM BEDROOM 2

FAMILY ROOM

BEDROOM 1

ARCH 753

Energy Strategies: • A fire place is located in the living room but it is not clear if it can be used as an effective heating strategy.

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

DESIGN 1

BUILDING ANALYSIS HOUSE DESIGN 1

A redesign was done of the initial floor plan. The primary goal was to improve daylight and also the function of the floor plan. Floorplan: • Area reduced to 1,603sf to minimize footprint and energy consumption.

30’

• Building was oriented along the east-west access.

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3 16’

• The floorplan was stacked to reduce surface area.

8’

Glazing + Shading: • Clerestory windows provide light deeper into the spaces

BEDROOM 4

• Operable Windows allow for control of ventilation.

5’

• Low-E glass was used with interior shades. • Roof overhangs attempt to shade windows in summer.

7’

10’

7’-6”

• Two patios provided, one on the north side for summer evenings, and the other in the front for winter sun.

5’-6”

32’

18’

FAMILY ROOM

10’-6”

5’

Energy Strategies:

18’

• 2nd floor attic fan flushes hot air at night from spaces • Radiant heated interior floors reduce hot air system

PATIO

KITCHEN

• Highly insulated exterior walls • Exposed thermal mass on south side

DINING LIVING ROOM

• Ground source heat pump

GARAGE

BEDROOM 1

• PV + Solar Hot Water

PATIO

5’ 9’

10’

23’-6”

5’

18’ ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

DESIGN 2

BUILDING ANALYSIS HOUSE DESIGN 2

DINING

KITCHEN

BATH

GARAGE

BEDROOM 4

A second redesign was done of the initial floor plan this time it was done with more insight into daylight simulation outcomes and methods. The goals of the redesign were to improve daylight and cross ventilation. Floorplan:

BEDROOM 1

LIVING ROOM

FAMILY ROOM

BEDROOM 2

BEDROOM 3

• Building envelope remains the same but a bedroom has been switched with the south side to increase the bedroom’s access to daylight. Also, walls have been removed to increase daylight distribution. • The layout was flipped so the extended bedroom could help shade the porch in the afternoon for summer months.

GARDEN

• Building oriented on a east-west access • Garage relocated to west side of plan to shade from intense afternoon light. Glazing + Shading: • Glazing shaded with roof overhang as well as horizontal / vertical shades • Operable windows allow for natural ventilation in warm months • Triple pain Low-E glass with interior shades • Two patios provided, one on the north side for summer evenings, and the other in the front for winter sun. Energy Strategies: • Radiant heated interior floors reduce hot air system • Highly insulated exterior walls • Ground source heat pump could be included • PV + Solar Hot Water located on south facing roof

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS AVG. LUX REDUCTION

ILLUMINANCE SUMMARY Base Case Design 1 Design 2

June 9a

June 12p

June 3p

Sept 9a

Sept 12p

Sept 3p

Dec 9a

Dec 12p

Site condition information from the baseline site analysis has been applied for a light analysis on the following two building design iterations. Illuminance was measured in lux on the base case floor plan in EcoTect 4 times each day (9a, 12p, 3p, and 6p) at 3 different times of year (June, Mar/ Sept, and Dec). Insights gained from the lighting analysis and design responses has been highlighted below and evidence of analysis follows in the next pages. While the assignment goal was to get an average of 500 - 1000 lux, residential design guides recommend closer to 300lux since task lights such as reading or under cabinet lighting are also preferred.

Dec 3p

BASE CASE

DESIGN 1

DESIGN 2

The illuminance analysis provides the following conclusions:

• There are many light and dark spots with high lux levels at the window edge. Illuminance should be more evenly distributed.

• The design was effective at more evenly distributing the daylight in the first and second floors.

• The design was very effective at evenly distributed daylight for most all of the analyzed times except for December.

• 21 June 12:00 is the worst case for extreme lux levels but March/September at 12:00 and December at 15:00 also have high lux levels from direct sunlight. Shading for these extreme cases should be provided at least for the summer months to avoid heat gain.

• Average lux levels were also reduced for March/September 12:00 and 15:00 but were increased for 9:00.

• Average lux levels were also reduced from the base case for all months except for December which was low and required an increase in lux levels.

• Early morning and late afternoon sunspots should be reduced in December and March/September with vertical shading devices.

• Early morning and late afternoon sunspots should be reduced in December with interior vertical shading devices.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS 21 JUNE

2 5 .5 9

2 4 .7 5

3 5 6 .3 6

3 4 .4 1

2 5 0 2 .3 2

5 9 9 .6 6 2 2 9 3 .0 4

2 8 .8 0

12P

2 8 .0 7

4 1 1 .4 8

2 5 .5 9

2 4 .7 5

3 5 6 .3 6

3 4 .4 1

2 5 0 2 .3 2

5 9 9 .6 6 2 2 9 3 .0 4

2 8 .8 0

2 8 .0 7

3 7 0 .0 4 154 .0 9

1 6 .8 2

1 7 .0 6

1 5 .4 3

1 0 .3 2

3 3 .4 6

1 5 .4 3

1 0 .3 2

3 3 .4 6

1 3 8 .3 0

1 1 .7 9

2 2 9 .8 9

3 2 3 .7 2

1 1 0 .9 5

4 8 .0 3

5 2 .4 1

1 1 4 .0 6

6 8 2 .6 7

7 6 8 .8 8 058 .3 7

3 1 .9 8

1 3 8 .3 0

4 8 7 .6 5

1 3 6 .6 1

4 8 7 .6 5

3 9 .7 1

1 3 6 .6 1

2 1 3 02.6 1 320 .0 6

4 1 8 .5 8

1 7 1 0 .7 0

2 5 .0 3

4 1 .4 3

5 5 0 .2 2 5 3 3 8 .6 1

2 6 5 2 .6 4

2 5 6 5 .6 1

1 4 .0 1

2 7 .7 5

1 4 .2 7

6 5 .3 1

2 7 9 4 .2 5

2 9 3 .9 2

5 3 1 .0 1 1 8 1 6 .2 9

3 2 .7 2

1 6 6 .8 5

3P 2 6 9 .8 8

1 5 .8 6

1 5 .6 0

1 5 .3 6

3 8 .0 6

4 2 .9 7

8 5 .2 3

2 5 8 .0 9

4 4 .0 9

2 8 9 .9 1

1 1 5 .2 6

6 2 .5 5

6 2 .2 4

2 1 .8 9

1 0 .8 0

1 1 3 .8 2

4 7 .7 7

1 7 .8 6

2 4 5 .8 4

2 0 3 .5 9

8 3 .2 7

7 6 .2 1

4 5 7 .1 9

3 7 4 .8 3 1 4 0 3 .3 3

4 4 .7 5

1 5 9 8 .9 0

1 1 2 .7 8

7 2 8 .2 7

4 0 2 .7 3 4 4 4 .0 1

4 7 1 .1 1

5 9 .2 2

1 0 1 .8 0

8 4 .8 2

6 7 .9 4

4 5 8 .3 3

5 1 .7 8

4 1 .7 5

9 3 .3 4

2 5 7 .3 1

7 2 .3 4

7 2 9 .2 7 286 .9 4 8 2 .7 2

2 0 9 6 .8 3

3 5 6 .6 0 3 0 3 .2 1

2 7 2 .0 3

4 5 6 .8 8

3 5 1 .9 1

645 lux avg.

12P

3 8 .0 3 4 7 2 .3 8

3 3 7 6 .1 6

844 lux avg.

3 3 0 .4 7

8 8 9 .5 8

5 5 6 5 .3 7

3 3 3 .4 1

3 0 3 .6 1 3 8 2 .6 6 1 0 .0 8

5 8 .8 5

2 0 0 9 .0 4

3 3 3 .4 1

1 0 8 .6 0

3 2 8 .5 1

3 1 8 .7 8

9 6 5 .3 9

All but a few of the illuminance grids made for the times under investigation require improvement. Most need improved distribution and at least two have high areas of lux that should be reduced.

1 3 5 .8 5 5 1 1 .4 5

2 8 5 7 .2 9

4 1 .2 4 2 5 3 .5 3

5 0 .9 0

8 8 7 .6 5

5 1 .4 3

2 9 7 2 .5 3 2 9 3 1 .1 4

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER 1 3 .7 3

1 6 8 .8 9

3 5 0 .4 3

580 lux avg.

1 5 .1 3

1 1 9 .3 1 1 1 1 .1 9

2 8 1 .6 4

4 9 9 .3 5

2 0 0 9 .0 4

2 6 5 2 .6 4

1 3 .0 6

2 2 0 .4 3 9 2 8 .3 9 438 .4 8

5 1 .7 1

6 8 2 .6 7

5 1 6 .9 3 2 8 5 7 .2 9

2 3 .3 4

6 1 6 .4 1

2 9 5 .4 8

5 1 .4 3

2 9 7 2 .5 3 2 9 3 1 .1 4

1 8 4 1 .4 3

2 2 5 .0 9

9 9 .0 0

1 5 7 .7 2

4 9 9 .3 5

3 0 1 .4 3

3 7 .2 1

3 2 3 .7 2

4 8 .0 3

1 1 4 .0 6

2 9 5 .4 8 1 5 7 .7 2

5 1 6 .9 3

4 9 8 .8 3

3 2 7 .6 5

8 9 .3 8

2 2 9 .8 9 7 6 8 .8 8 058 .3 7

3 1 .9 8

2 4 0 1 .5 8

4 4 2 .9 9

2 7 1 .8 6

8 9 .3 8

1 1 0 .9 5 5 2 .4 1

8 1 .1 5

7 6 .5 4

4 1 1 .4 8 2 7 1 .8 6

ILLUMINANCE BASE CASE

1 1 0 8 .1 2 1 0 9 6 .4 9

7 2 1 .9 1

7 4 0 .6 7 013 .1 8 816 .1 0

4 9 3 .5 7

1 2 1 .1 4

2 4 1 .7 2

1 5 9 .7 6 8 5 9 .6 7

2 4 9 0 1 .5 1

3 9 7 4 4 .1 8

7 2 .6 0 2 8 8 1 7 .5 53 0 2 9 2 .1 9

3 0 2 7 6 .9 8

21 DECEMBER 1 2 .1 4 1 9 0 .1 5

6 9 3 .8 9

9 7 .2 0

7 6 1 .4 8

4 .9 6

1 9 .2156 .6 4

1 2 4 0 .6 7

1 5 8 .5 2 1 3 1 4 .3 6

7 .6 89 .1 5

9 .1 85 .1 4

2 1 .8 4

1 4 .6 7

1 9 4 .3 0

1 7 7 .5 8

1 9 2 .4 3

4 8 .2 9

2 3 5 .8 7

6 .5 9

3 3 .7386 .4 3 4 1 .8 0

1 6 .0 68 .6 9

3 7 .8 5

3 1 .1 8

8 3 .9 5

7 1 2 .0 1

4 .6 1

1 0 9 .2 3

7 3 .0 4

1 2 6 .5 0

1 0 .4 6

1 8 .5 0

7 .2 0

1 0 .3 75 .8 9

1 9 .4 2

4 5 .2 1 4 4 .8 3

3 1 .9 4

6 .3 7

3 8 .6 4

9 .3 61 0 .7 4

6 1 .6 9

2 8 .4 9

1 1 .6 6

5 .2 0

1 .7 9 7 8 .8 1

2 1 .8 7

4 9 .2 4

8 8 .5 6

3 3 .1 7

9 4 .3 5

1 6 .6197 .0 4

2 9 .8 4

6 .5 3

5 9 .3 6

6 5 6 .5 2

IMPROVE DISTRIBUTION REDUCE AVG. LUX

1 0 .6 3

3 .4 4 2 .6 5

1 4 2 .3 6

9 .0 5 2 8 .3 9

3 .2 4

4 5 .2 0

7 5 1 .0 2

1822 lux avg.

6 4 .5 9 4 .4 1

2 5 .3 9

2 5 4 5 3 .5 8

1 7 1 .1 6

3 2 7 .8 0

1 .7 0

1 3 5 .5 5 3 0 .0 4

2 8 3 8 8 .9 3

1 0 4 8 .0 4

12P 3 5 9 .3 5

1 1 7 .2 8

2 7 8 7 3 .8 7

3081 lux avg.

Average Value: 3081.87 Lux

3 6 .6 4

8 1 .1 5

7 7 .6 8 2 8 0 5 5 .8 1

4 3 6 3 3 .1 2

4 .1 53 .6 5

1 5 .1 2

2 5 7 9 9 .4 8

4 3 7 7 1 .3 4

4 .4 9 2 .6 3

4 7 4 6 9 .4 9

5 7 2 .7 5

1457 lux avg.

Average Value: 1457.44 Lux

1 7 3 .3 7 9 8 3 .1 7

4 7 5 9 7 .7 74 4 3 2 7 .7 5

2 9 8 7 8 .8 6

2 0 1 .6 6

1 2 4 .6 1

3 9 1 8 8 .1 2

2 5 8 5 .4 8

2 8 .9 9

REDUCE AREA OF HIGH LUX

6 .2 8 7 8 .8 4

1 1 7 .0 0

1 7 .6 3

2 1 4 .8 4

1 7 9 .4 5 1 4 6 2 .4 3

7 2 0 .7 2

1 8 .5 9

1 1 6 .0 1

3 8 .9 1

143 lux avg.

1 7 .4 8

1 6 5 .5 6

1 2 .8 5

7 3 1 .5 4

Average Value: 122.98 Lux

3 2 .0 5

2 8 9 .3 3 8 3 1 .9 4

1 4 8 7 .1 9

1 4 6 4 .4 5

1 2 5 8 .6 1

1 4 1 5 .3 6

1 2 8 7 .3 4

1 4 0 6 .3 8

7 0 .8 6

6 8 2 .5 4

6 8 5 .8 4

213 lux avg.

3 6 .2 8

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100

117 lux avg. ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS 21 JUNE 5 8 .9 2

1 7 0 9 .3 5

2 3380.6 21.2 7653 .0 7 2 0211.7 01 .1 4

12P 7 3 .7 4

1 8 1 0 .8 6

3 0 9 .1 6 2 3 0 .9 3

4 0 1 .0 8

2 7 1 .4 8

5 1 4 .2 4 3 7 4 .2 7 3 5 5 .9 8

3 3 0 .6 5

4 6 0 .9 7

1 2 3 3 .2 0

4 7 7 .5 6 5 4 1 .0 2

3 1 4 .4 5

1 7 61.4631 .6 7

1 4 9 .9 3

1 9 5 7 .6 1

6 8 .7 2

2 1 5 .1 8

3 7 0 .4 1 4 2 5 .1 9 3 9348.1 5 .0 22 3 3 7 .8 8 4 4 1 .9440441.0 3 .7 20 4 4 9 .9 4 3 6 7 .6 5 4 4 6 .7 4

5 4 9 .3 6 5 1 7 .4 2

4 5 4 .7 6

3 2 7 .6 2

3 3 12.8236 .4 5 5 4 0 .8 6

2 3 9 .1 7 1 6 2 .9 4 3 9 33.0719 .4 3 3 8 23.7908 .0 5

9 .5 4 8 .5 6

1 4 2 .5 0 1 8 4 .6 4 2 8206.1 2 .3 5 306 3 .6 8 1 3 5 .8 6 1 6 7 .8 8

3 1362.2 9 .0 61

1 7 2 9 .6 1

The first design attempt improves light distribution for half of the illuminance grids. There are still high lux levels near the windows that require more shading. December low sun angles are not adequately blocked to prevent high glare areas.

3 9 1 .3 6

7 .6 78 .2 7 4 0 1 .4 1 4 2 3 .8 0 4 2 6 .2 6

1 8 6 .5 4

6 1 .3 6

4 8 2 .1 7

5 2 0 .8 8

4 3 5 .8 3 4 4462.1 7 .2 71

4 9 5 .3 0 6 6 4 .3 7 5 5 0 .8 0

3 2 1 3 5 .0 0

2 5 3 .1 9

2 2 1 .4 0

3 0 7 .2 4 3 2 1 .8 5 3 7 1 .1 7

3 7 0 .3 9 3 3 9 .6 1

1 4 8 .1 8

4 0 7 .9 5 4 0 4 .9 5

1 7 0 .9 0

9 .0 2 8 .0 5 1 9 1 .3 7

4 7 7 .1 7 1 9 3 .1 4

2 0 2 7 .1 4

ILLUMINANCE DESIGN 1

1 4 9 .1 9

2 2 8 9 .6 5

1 3 4 .7 0

1 9 2 2 .5 6

5 2 8 .0 4

1 6 92.0 2 296 .8 7

1 4 5 .7 5

2 3 0 .1 43 0 0 7 .7 92 5 8 .4 9

1 4 3 .1 1 2 1 9 6 .8 15 7 4 .4 3

441 lux avg. 21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER 6 9 .6 7

1 3 1 5 .8 5

4 0 2 .0 8 4 5377.9 4 .9 44 3 7 3 .1 7 3 8 63.3724 .2 2 3 0 6 .5 1 3 3 3 .7 3 2 9 7 .5 0 3 12293.8 343.3 614.8 40 .6 36 2 5 1 .3 5

8 2 .2 5

3 5 5 .0 4 2 6 1 .9 5 3 1 5 .8 8 4 1 3 .2 8 3 6 0 .6 53 3 4 .1 2 4 5 6 .9 5 3 3 0 .6 8

4 0 7 .9 2

1 3 4 7 .4 7

1 5 5 .3 5

4 4 6 .2 9

1 2 6 .8 9 1 5 7 .7 1

2 5 7 6 .1 6

2 5 4 .7 91 7 4 .6 6 2 0283.1 55 .3 0 3 6 5 .2 7 2 7 6 .0 3 3 7 0 .1 5 2 7 0 .6 7 2 9 92.66552.1841 .8 0 2 8 1 .5 3 2 7 1 .1 8

3 6 1 .3 0 3 8 5 .9 0 5 9 2 .1 0

4 0 8 .4 7 3 9 54.3375 .6 3 3 8 0 .7 3

7 2 8 .5 7

5 6 9 .4 6 3 4 5 3 8 .1 8

3 5 3 5 8 .2 9

3 4 0 8 .5 3

4 9 7 .4 1 5 0 8 .7 7 4 9 3 .5 5 1 8 3 2 8 .8 5 005 .2 0 2 0 1 3 4 .3 7

7 5 5 .5 3

2 8 0 .3 6 4 0 1 .2 3

5 2 1 .8346 0 .4 3 1 9 1 3 1 .9 7 2 0 5 5 .4 2 2 4 8 3 .7 2

7 0 8 .8 3 1 9 8 0 2 .1 6

321497.6 2 22.7 5

1 9 9 .5 2

2 9 2 .1 9 3 6 3 1 0 .8 3 280 .2 3

1 8 0 .6 9

2443 lux avg. 21 DECEMBER 9 2 6 .7971 6 .6 2

9 .8 98 .5 2 1 7 3 .1117 9 .1 8 1 6 5 .7 0

4 3 7 .6 2

2 2 8 2 6 .5 2

8 4 .1 7 3 7 2 .0 1 4 7 1 .2 0 3 7 0 .3 6 514 3 .9 8 25.1 6

7 6 .5 7

3 0 2 .2 1

3 3 4 .9 2 4 0 9 .5 3

1 9 1 .2 2

4 4 8 .5 6

2 1 7 8 9 .8 7

1 2 8 8 .3 6

3 5 1 .2 7

2 1 32.5450 .4 2 2 0149.2 2 .2 34 6 2 6 .8 8

4 5 5 .2 2

2 0 2 .4 9

6 7 .8 4

1 2 .5 3

4 9591.0 9 .0 29

4 5 1 .5 1 4 8 3 .5 6 4 5 6 .9 2

1 6135.4 8 .0 27

4 1 92.8975 .4 3 2 6 6 .1 5

1 4 7 7 .6 5 4 0 84.7334 .5 1 3 1 2 .3346 8 .9 3 4 0 3 .6 5 4 9 5 .2 6 5 0 1 .2 2 4 8 5 .6 7

6 4634.4 2 .9 97

2 2 4 .1272 7 .4 9 3 5 9 .6 4 1 6135.0 1 .2 05 3 4 1 .5 7

5 6 7 .0 4 5 6 1 .0 4 5 1 8 .3 5

12P 4 5 1 .3 6

8 .0 7 7 .4 8

4 2 8 .0 1

579 lux avg.

2 6 0 .3 9 1 7 1 .2 1 2 6 2 .6 4

4 1 0 .2 0

555 lux avg.

2085 lux avg.

939 lux avg.

12P

188 2 .5 32270.82811.978.2 8 2 1202.011.5 5

1 4 1 .6 0

1 5 5 4 .2 0

9 8 6 .9951 8 .4 6 7 9 6 .8 7 7 8867.925.1 5

4 3 .9 2

8 1 6 .1 1

4 9 3 .9 5 4 8 0 .7 2 3 9 4 .8422 1 .3 0 5 3 0 .0533 6 .5 1 4 8 6 .4464 7 .7 6 4 2 2 .4 3 5 2540.733.1 4 6 8 1 6 .3 0 5 1 6 .9 7 6 8 1 4 .3 2 3 6 9 .7 0 5 2 6 .0 9 4 2 8 .6 7

2 5 4 .6 5

7 3 .7 1

8 2 9 .2 6

1 4 .0 41 5 .1 0

9 0 3 .3 5

4 7 1 .3 3 4 7 9 .7475 9 .6 3 2 8 3 .0 7 4 5 6 .7 1 4 5 4 .3 4 3 9 9 .2 5 3 8 6 .2356 6 .7 8 2 7 2 .9 1 3 2 8 .8 4

3 7 1 .1 3

6 9 6 1 .5 0 6 9 9 9 .8 8 6 2 6 .3 7 055 2 .9 5

3 2 2 .1 5

9 2 3 .7 3 9 5 0 .6 3

1 2 3 8 .7 8 1 2 8 7 .5 6 1 218207.351.9 7 1 2 6 0 .8 7 1 2 1 8 .1 1

1 3 9 0 .0 4 1 317339.179.3 8 1 4 9 8 .4 7 138 19 4 .2 4 06.4 0 1 4 5 5 .0 9 1 4 0 5 .9 7

4 5 6 .1 6 2 7 3 .4 5

6 3 1 .0 7 184 6 .3 5

2 2 3 .4 4

1 4 9 2 .3 8

1 0 4 9 .1 5

3 0 7 .0 6 2 7 9 .7 6 6 4 .3 7 2 8 3 .9 3

315 2 .6 9 15.1 9 5 0 5 .6 6

7 3 0 .4754 6 .7757 1 .0 6 6 6 3 .5 9

1 4 3 2 .1 5

7 1 3 .9 7

1 3 7 6 .6 5

2 0 1 4 3 .7 1

1 9 8 8 1 .8 5

1 1 9 6 0 .8 7

2 6 8 .2 9 641 9 .5 6

2 7 3 .2 0 2 9289.269.9 0 309 2 .8 9 05.3 6 2 8 1 .1 5

3 9 2 .5 5 3 8 3 .3 7 4 1 5 .6 3

8 1 3 .1 0

2 8 6 .2314 9 3 .9 03085.03852.814.2422 6 .7400 4 .9 8 316 3 .8 23081.759.4 8 3 4 0 .9 8 3 3 2 .5 9 3 5430.148.1 3 4 1 0 .9 4 3 9 1 .4349 7 .4 6 4 0 8 .8 9 4 0 0 .7 6 3 8 0 .6 8 3 8 0 .6 2 3 6 8 .1 3 4 9 5 8 .4 9 4 3 2 .8473 9 .6 2 4 9 3 0 .6 2 4 9 9 1 .8 2 4 9 6 9 .6 2 3 8 3 .3 6 5 0 5 3 .3 1 4 3 8 .9 8 4 3 5 .6 6 4 2 5 .0540 1 .5 6 4 4 6 .3 2 5 0 3 .4 9 5 2 1 .2 6

2 2 0 .0 6 8 3 6 2 .9 4

2 9 9 .1 0 2 02509549.740.4 22 7 1 .4 4

1363 lux avg.

1 6 .5 0

1 4 3 .5 5

1 4 8 .9 9

1 5 7 .9 5 2 4 2 .2 5

3 5 5 .0 8 4 4 3 .7 9 4 3 7 .9 3

IMPROVE DISTRIBUTION REDUCE AVG. LUX REDUCE AREA OF HIGH LUX

8 5 4 0 .0 2 5 4 6 9 .5 9

8 1 0 0 .0 3

6 8 3 8 .2 6 7 2 1 .9 6

1 5 7 .1 4

2 1 4 0269.941.4 0

IMPROVED OVER BASE CASE

1 3 6 .6 4

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100

9 6 5 0 .0 7

7 5 3 4 .9 2 411 .2 2

3983 lux avg.

992 lux avg. ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS 21 JUNE

1 8 .8 9

3 3 5 .3 3 1 3 41.7 24 1 .8 9

8 4 5 .5 5

1 8 2 .3 5

6 0 1 .5 2

5 8 .5 8 5 8 .3 0

12P

3 3 4 .5 3

1 9 8 .3 05 3 5 .3 1

1 3 .6 1

6 6 3 .7 4

3 2 4 .9 6 8 4 8 .1 7

9 9 .8 2

1 8 3 .9 3

5 6 .0 8 5 5 .4 5

5 9 9 .3 3

4 1 3 .2 9

6 2 3 .1 2

3 0 2 .9 0

7 5 0 .1 6 8 2 9 .3 0

4 3 .6 3 3 7 .8 8 1 1 4 .0 7 77.3 5

7 8 .9 0

5 9 56.0 00 2 .8 4

6 9 .5 7

2 0 2 .6 12 1 0 .9 5

5 0 1 .1 6 4 9 85.2339 .5 0

4 8 5 .5 8

2 1 0 .4 1 1 2 5 .2 7

6 6 5 .7 85 4 56.9 30 2 .4 46 1 1 .5 5 6 5 9 .1 4 2 4 13.6 29 1 .3 0

5 4 2 .6 5

8 6 9 .5 18 7 7 .3 3

1 6 9 .8 8

5 5 3 .4 4

5 8 4 .5 7

2 4 3 .1 0

1 9 6 .1 2

4 1 7 .5 6

3 4 0 .7 0

1 7 2 .8 9

3 9 23.0 08 43.4489 .4 6

6 7 .1 8

4 6 2 .8 3

4 0 6 .1 4 1 2 5 .2 3

2 6 8 .6 0

4 4 2 .7 74 8 3 .2 2

1 3 1 .8 2

1 2 9 .1 5

3 0 0 .8 3 6 1 2 .0 25 7 6 .2 9

8 7 4 .2 0

5 5 0 .3 75 3 9 .0 6

1 0 7 5 .6181 1 9 .4 1

8 4 07.2861 .8 6 1 0 8 9 .6 2

4 4 3 .6 7

8 5 2 .1 7

1 0 0 0 .4 6

6 1 7 .5 86 1 1 .9 0

8 6 9 .9 7

5 7 0 .2 3

6 7 1 .1 26 1 0 .4 5

5 8 3 .7 7

6 8 1 .6 1

7 0 7 .4 4

3 8 8 .2 3

6 6 3 .7 2

7 1 4 .4 87 1 8 .8 1

7 1 7 .5 4 8 6 .0 5

3 8 6 .9 7 7 0 5 .1 3

4 9 6 .8 9 1 4 2 .0 7

3 1 0 .2 4

4 7 64.6731 .3 44 9 0 .7 14 6 0 .4 4

3 7 0 .4 53 3 9 .1 9

7 4 86.13307.6 51 5 .0 07 0 6 .9 8

1 0 8 .3 82 1 41.7 92 6 .6 8

9 1 .0 7

5 3 1 .1 97 1 0 .3 3

4 5 .6 3 4 5 .2 4 5 8 4 .7 3 3 7 .7 5 2 5 .6 4

5 5 4 .1 0 1 9 8 .9 2

2 1 9 .2 8

4 8 3 .0 1

1 7 8 .3 6

5 3 6 .0 7

5 9 .5 0 4 9 .2 3

2 0 11.2 70 2 .4 7

1 7 5 .2 2

7 0 .8 6

5 2 7 .7 5

5 4 5 .1 2

1 2 0 .6 9

2 2 7 .7 0

2 7 5 .5 72 5 5 .4 1 2 1 0 .6 3

341 lux avg. 21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER 6 .9 5

8 3 .1 6

2 3 6 .1 4

1 2 1 .6 2

3 6 .8 0

3 7 .8 5

5 6 9 .2 8

4 0 2 .7 1

4 4 3 .8 4

3 0 1 .6 7 5 .5 9

2 7 .3 1 1 4 3 .1 0

9 7 .1 7

1 0 6 .3 3

7 1 .3 2

3 1 4 .0 5

1 0 5 .1 2

3 8 6 .0 3

8 7 .2141 0 .2 2

3 8 2 .0 7

1 4 5 .0190 9 .5 3

1 7 8 .4 8

6 6 5 .8 0

1 9 .2 7

3 8 6 .1 6

4 2 4 .1 2

2 0 5 .7 4

4 6 6 .8 8

2 4 5 .1 1

1 3 8 .3 6

7 7 .9 4

9 9 .6 9 3 5 0 .4 0

2 1 0 .2 5

1 9 2 .8 8

1 9 0 .7 0

4 1 4 .5 8

4 9 .0 8

4 2 6 .4 3

2 5 0 .7 1

4 8 9 .5 8

3 9 1 .5 4

4 8 9 .1 5

4 5 2 .9 1

2 7 8 .5229 9 .4 5

5 0 4 .1 6

3 0 9 .2 5

3 9 4 .2 8 2 5 8 .7 6

1 8 1 .5 2

2 6 7 .0 0

1 1 8 .8 9

1 4 1 .5 1

3 5 5 .3384 9 .3 8

1 3 8 .0 7

3 7 5 .6 9

7 1 5 .3 9

7 2 6 .9 6

7 0 6 .7 9

3 5 9 .6373 1 .8 2

6 0 3 .9 9

5 4 9 .0 1

8 8 0 .2 1

4 6 7 .0 6

8 8 8 .8 9

1 3 0 .8 7

8 5 3 .8 9

1 0 1 .0 0

2 1 0 .0 6 5 0 4 .8 1 1 3 3 .4 1

4 9 8 .1 5

4 9 7 .4 8

4 8 7 .0 6

5 2 0 .7 9

5 4 8 .3 8

5 5 1 .1 3

8 1 5 .8 1 1 4 0 1 .5 8

2 4 4 .1 0

1 2 4 6 .4 0

1 6 8 .1 4

276 lux avg.

385 lux avg.

299 lux avg.

12P

21 DECEMBER 3 3 4 .9 5

2 0 4 .7 5

3 8 9 .0 1

2 9 0 .3 0

1 9 .5 9 2 1 .5 7

1 3 7 .6 6

2 2 3 .7 7 1 3 6 .8 7

3 4 4 .8 7

5 0 8 .5 5

1 0 7 .0186 8 .0 9

1 7 .0 6

3 6 2 .5 1

4 2 9 .4 3 4 0 7 .5 8

2 0 7 .1 4 8 2 9 .8 8

1 3 8 .6 6

3 4 1 .4337 0 .1 1

4 7 9 .2 6

6 3 8 .9 2

5 1 .2 6

3 1 2 .9 1

3 5 7 .9 6

4 4 3 .4 0

6 3 8 .7 8

4 3 4 .9 8

5 4 7 .9 1

2 7 9 .9 4 4 9 8 .7 9

2 0 9 .6 6

3 6 8 .8340 9 .9 1

3 3 8 .8 8

3 2 0 .8 3

5 0 6 .6 3

3 5 .5 4

4 1 4 .6 6

2 2 .5 6 3 3 4 .8 4 1 7 0 .6172 3 .5 6

2 0 1 .8 7

4 6 4 .2 7

3 4 .2 8

1 7 2 .7 0

2 8 .5 6

5 0 .4 27 9 .9 96 6 .6 1

1 9 9 .0 5

8 2 .3 9

1 4 8 .9 6

5 5 1 .4 9

Daylight distribution has been significantly improved in Design 2 for June, March, and September. Decemberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s average lux has increased higher than the base case but this is primarily due to direct sunlight from low sun angles. Since December requires heating, the intense sun can be used to warm the space or vertical interior blinds can be pulled to reduce glare. These have not been modeled in this illuminance analysis.

9 2 .3 5

3 8 9 .3 6

7 9 2 .4 2

IMPROVED OVER BASECASE IMPROVE DISTRIBUTION REDUCE AVG. LUX

2 6 1 .8 7

5 6 6 .7 1

1 3 2 .8 1

5 4 35.3359 .1 4

2 2 9 .3 1

1 3 .7 2 1 3 .4 0

1 7 0 .2 0

5 2 5 .2 66 8 2 8 .1 9

3 9 1 .0 9

1 5 4 .0 7

2 8 12.6420 .4 9

9 5 9 5 .7 6 8 8 8 8 .1 0

7 3 5 .6 4

6 9 .9 6

1 2 2 .4 3

544 6 .2 8 642 .3 3

2 2 7 .5 6

5 3 76.9 8 297 .7 3

1 3 0 3 .9 1

1 6 7 .2 2 2 7 5 .1 7

4 1 7 .6 2

1 2 1 3 .6 1

2 2 3 1 .2 2

4 3 0 .2 2

3 0 53.1 38 2 .8 4

3 1 3 .9 12 9 4 .2 1 2 0 0 .9 0

2 4 8 .3 1 4 0 0 .4 8

7 4 7 .3 6

2 9 .5 8 3 0 .9 8 3 3 7 .0 8

2 1 9 .0 1

3 2 4 .3 1

3 5 2 .0 6

1 7 2 .6 9

3 4 9 .9 7 3 8 8 8 .2 3

3 4 4 .2 3

3813 2 .4 6 97.6 93 8 6 0 .2 0

3 2 7 .5 5

2 7 7 .4 6

2 2 8 .3 92 1 9 .0 1

3 7 4 6 .2 6

3 9 1 7 .8 1

1 7 7 .7 4

2 5 6 .1 3

1 0 6 .5 8

4 3 0 .1 8

4 0 8 .4 7

3 3 4 .2 9

4 0 2 6 .6 8 2 9 0 .0 6

4 6 0 .2 2

3 6 4 .3 7

1 4 71.3 47 4 .3 8

2 8 .3 8 3 5 .2 4 6 1 6 5 .5 4

6 1 5 64.9 3 46.5 5

5 9 9 1 .7 8

1 6 6 .8 2 1 5 6 .6 6

7553 2 .1 4 37.0 12 3 9 .8 5

REDUCE AREA OF HIGH LUX

9 2 9 1 .6 1

6 0 1 6 .6 2 2 6 0 .4 9

4 0 0 .0 2

1 5 1 .8 6

4 0 4 .7 0

1 3 9 .4 9

3 2 8 .9 62 4 8 .0 1

1 9 9 1 .9 6

1 0 9 6 .0 4

1 9 0 9 .6 5

2 8 1 .5 2

1 3 1 98.0 73 .9 6

3 6 8 .8 3

1 2 7 .0 7 2 5 2 .6 6

2 1 4 .5 5

6 0 6 7 .9691 4 1 .4 75 2 9 .5 7 5 9 9 94.3 11 62.3 1 494 .0 3

7 5 7 3 .7 7

3 9 5 34.0 4 29.7 7

2 9 7 .2 7

1 7 .5 6

2 1 6 .1 0

3 5 9 .0 9

3 8 33.8 5 8 .3 9

1 4 2 .9 0

3 0 6 .3 53 4 9 .3 6

3 4 7 .1 7

3 4 73.7312 .8 84 0 6 .3 3

1 3 3 .8 5

4 5 .7 1

3 9 64.7136 .5 5

3 2 2 .1 5

2 8 4 .1 32 4 3 .0 5

3 7 8 .8 1

4 8 .5 9 1 0 3 .5 9

2 0 8 .7 9

3 9 1 1 .8 43 5 93.9 91 5 .6 03 9 1 1 .8 23 1 9 3 .1 9 211 .3 7

3 8 6388.4 63 8 .0349 2 7 .8309 1 5 .1 33 6 7 .5 1 4 1 2 .6 1

1 0 7 .4 0 8 .7 3

1 3 .9 3

3 1 .9 5 2 5 .3 8 2 9 1 .4 7

2 8 7 .9 0

1 7 4 .0 6

3 0 3 .6 4

1 0 .7 9

4 0 7 .4 4 1 4 .0 8

3 8 4 .5 8

1 5 0 .6 1

2 5 18.6478 .4 2

4 8 05.0 33 4 .0 7

1 1 3 8 .1 9

1 2 6 .9 2

3 0 5 .9 1 4 0 6 .2 9

1 5 2 .0 1

6 7 86.8 9 329 .9 45 1 4 .4 96 8 7 3 .1 2 718 6 .9 9 650 .8 0

1 7 1 .7 0

1 4 0 .6 9

5 9 .6 3 1 8 9 .4 5

3 6 7 .6 1

7 .9 4

1 5 2 .1 2

3 9 7 .2 3

1 4 8 .7 6

3 6 6 .3 5 5 9 6 .2 5

4 8 1 .4542 5 .9 0

4 7 1 .3 8

4 6 .0 1

5 2 5 .1 1

4 1 8 .3 7 2 8 1 .2 2

2 3 7 .4 6

3 6 6 .2367 8 .4 0

1 4 2 .4 0

4 4 .6 6

4 9 2 .6 6

1 3 9 .3 3

6 9 .9 44 5 .6 3

8 8 .5 1

12P

4 8 9 .1 6

6 7 .7 0

1 0 1 .7 7

356 lux avg.

2 8 0 .9 1

1 1 .2 7 3 .8 51 1 7 .6 8

452 lux avg.

ILLUMINANCE DESIGN 2

2 8 2 .4 5 4 5 8 .9 9

2 5 2 .3 9

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1 4 6 .6 4 1 6 61.3343 .5 9

657 lux avg.

1 5 5 .0 4

1 0 8 .2 2

2 5 8 .0 4

607 lux avg.

516 lux avg. ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS LUMINANCE SUMMARY A glare analysis was conducted to determine the level of visual comfort at two points in the building. Radiance in EcoTect was use from two camera points to simulate the perspective and also calculate the Daylight Glare Index for two times a day (12:00 and 16:00) over the months of June, March/ September, and December. An acceptable DGI of under 24 is considered acceptable. Radiance provides two fisheye view perspectives, a normal view and also one which takes into account human sensitivity.

BASE CASE

DESIGN 1

DESIGN 2

The luminance analysis provides the following conclusions:

This design did not take into account glare sensitivity therefore an analysis of the DGI and perspectives was not conducted. Based on knowledge now and the need for more shading on the windows, if an analysis was conducted, the DGI would most likely be higher than in the base case analysis.

The illuminance analysis provides the following conclusions:

• There are many light and dark spots with high lux levels at the window edge. Illuminance should be more evenly distributed. • 21 June 12:00 is the worst case for extreme lux levels but March/September at 12:00 and December at 15:00 also have high lux levels from direct sunlight. Shading for these extreme cases should be provided at least for the summer months to avoid heat gain.

ARCH 753

• All of the times and views for this design showed DGI levels under the acceptable level of 24. This is because direct glare was avoided as much as possible and bounced light was designed to light up the two area.

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BASE CASE VIEW 1 21 JUNE HUMAN SENSITIVITY

12P

LUMINACE

12P

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER

12P

21 DECEMBER

12P

21 JUNE NORMAL

REDUCE AREA OF HIGH DGI

DGI 23.76

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER

12P

DGI 24.32

21 DECEMBER

12P

DGI 16.47

DGI 22.63

DGI 22.42

DGI 18.49 ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BASE CASE VIEW 2 21 JUNE

12P

HUMAN SENSITIVITY

LUMINACE

12P

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER

12P

21 DECEMBER

12P

21 JUNE NORMAL

REDUCE AREA OF HIGH DGI

DGI 22.61

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER

12P

DGI 23.07

21 DECEMBER

12P

DGI 25.19

DGI 21.98

DGI 21.94

DGI 20.98 ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

DESIGN CASE 2 21 JUNE

12P

LUMINACE 4P

12P

21 JUNE VIEW 2

REDUCE AREA OF HIGH DGI

DGI 18.71

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER

12P

DGI 20.99

21 DECEMBER

12P

DGI 22.88

DGI 18.42

DGI 19.95

21 MARCH/SEPTEMBER

DGI 20.38

DGI 19.20

12P

DGI 20.46

DGI 19.45

12P

21 DECEMBER

DGI 18.42

DGI 23.33 ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

DGI 19.90 JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS OVERSHADING Equidistance shading analysis was performed in EcoTect from for 5 points on the south facade at the middle of each of the south facing windows.

BASE CASE

DESIGN 1

DESIGN 2

The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions:

This design did not take into account shading at the edge of the window therefore, point shading analysis was not conducted. Based on knowledge now and the need for more shading on the windows, if an analysis was conducted, most windows would not be shaded at the critical hours.

The illuminance analysis provides the following conclusions:

• Point A is NOT shaded from 9:30-14:30 in October until April but daylight could assist in passive solar heating. • Point B is NOT shaded all day for the months of October until April but daylight could assist in passive solar heating.

• All points are shaded for a greater part of the year except for December, January, and February interior vertical shading devices should be used to protect against glare and direct sunlight.

• Point B is also NOT shaded from 14:00-17:00 in April, May, and September and vertical or horizontal shades should be considered in order to prevent unwanted heat gain. • Point C is NOT shaded during all hours of daylight during March through October. • Point D is NOT shaded after 10:00 from October until April but daylight could assist in passive solar heating. • Point E is NOT shaded during all hours of daylight during March through October and also around 9:00 and 15:00 in September and April. ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS A

OVERSHADOWING BASECASE Equidistance overshadowing analysis was performed in Ecotect from for 5 points on the south facade at the middle of each of the south facing windows. The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions: • Point A is NOT shaded from 9:30-14:30 in October until April but daylight could assist in passive solar heating. • Point B is NOT shaded all day for the months of October until April but daylight could assist in passive solar heating. • Point B is also NOT shaded from 14:00-17:00 in April, May, and September and vertical or horizontal shades should be considered in order to prevent unwanted heat gain. • Point C is NOT shaded during all hours of daylight during March through October.

• Point D is NOT shaded after 10:00 from October until April but daylight could assist in passive solar heating.

• Point E is NOT shaded during all hours of daylight during March through October and also around 9:00 and 15:00 in September and April.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS A

345°

15°

330°

345° 330°

30°

315°

45°

1 st A u g

300° 1 st Ju l

60° 1 st Ju n

60°

1 st M a y 75°

70°

1 st S e p 17

1 st O c t

9 14

285°

90°

9 14

105°

255° 1 st N o v

105°

240°

225°

240°

225°

210°

90°

9 14

10 1 st M a r

255° 1 st N o v

105° 1 st Fe b 1 st Ja n 120°

The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions: • All points are shaded for a greater part of the year except for December, January, and February interior vertical shading devices should be used to protect against glare and direct sunlight.

135°

210°

165°

180°

345°

15°

330°

150° 195°

180°

165°

30°

315°

30° 10°

315°

45°

20°

30°

40°

300° 1 st Ju l

60° 1 st Ju n

1 st A u g

50° 60°

1 st M a y 75°

70°

1 st S e p 17

60°

90°

1 st M a y 75°

80°

1 st A p r 8

270°

1 st O c t

90°

9 14

10 1 st M a r

1 st M a r 255° 1 st N o v

105°

255° 1 st N o v

105° 1 st Fe b

1 st Fe b 1 st D e c

1 st Ja n 120°

240°

225°

135°

210°

150° 195°

180°

165°

60° 1 st Ju n

70°

1 st S e p

50°

285°

1 st A p r 8

1 st O c t

40° 19

80° 16

270°

45°

20°

30° 300° 1 st Ju l

15°

330°

10°

285°

Equidistance shading analysis was performed in EcoTect from for 5 points on the south facade at the middle of each of the south facing windows.

E N

345°

1 st A u g

270°

225°

150° 195°

165°

180°

1 st A p r 8

240°

135°

150° 195°

80° 16

1 st D e c

1 st Ja n 120°

135°

210°

70° 17

1 st Fe b 1 st D e c

1 st Ja n 120°

60° 1 st Ju n

1 st M a y 75°

1 st M a r

1 st Fe b 1 st D e c

60°

1 st O c t

1 st M a r 255° 1 st N o v

285° 1 st S e p

50°

1 st A p r

270°

40° 19

80°

1 st O c t

1 st M a y 75°

70° 17

45°

20°

300° 1 st Ju l 1 st A u g

60°

1 st S e p

90°

60° 1 st Ju n

50°

1 st A p r 8

80° 16

270°

315°

30°

40°

1 st A u g

50° 18

45°

30°

40°

285°

30° 10°

20°

30°

OVERSHADOWING DESIGN 2

15°

330°

10°

20°

300° 1 st Ju l

345°

30°

10° 315°

15°

1 st D e c

1 st Ja n 120°

240°

225°

135°

210°

150° 195°

180°

165°

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS CFD ANALYSIS A CFD analysis was conducted in based on information wind information for the site location. The summer wind was assumed to come from the southwest (225o) at an average of 3.5 m/s.

BASE CASE

DESIGN 1

DESIGN 2

The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions:

• A majority of the indoor air flows are documented at a speed between 1.0 m/s - 2.0 m/s.

After many attempts, CFD results could not be produced for the first redesign. The purpose of this redesign was to create stack ventilation up a center stair. An attic fan was designed to pull air from the ground floor up into the second floor and then out through the attic.

• Near the south entrance, speeds greater than 2.0 m/s can be found and within the hallway, wind speeds less than 1.0 m/s are evident.

This modeling was more complicated than we were given guidance for in the course and therefore, modeling could not be complete.

• If possible, wind speeds should be reduced to under 1.0 m/s but if that is not possible, windows can be closed to reduced air flow into the spaces.

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• Wind speeds are slower in this redesign than they were in the base case for the bedrooms. This is because the air must move through 3 spaces (bedroom, hallway, and bedroom) before it can escape out of the opposite side. • A redesign could have considered putting all of the bedrooms on the north side of the building so that cross ventilation could be better accommodated but this may have had adverse affects on light distribution.

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS CFD ANALYSIS BASECASE A CFD analysis was conducted in based on information wind information for the site location. The summer wind was assumed to come from the southwest (225o) at an average of 3.5 m/s. The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions: • A majority of the indoor air flows are documented at a speed between 1.0 m/s - 2.0 m/s. • Near the south entrance, speeds greater than 2.0 m/s can be found and within the hallway, wind speeds less than 1.0 m/s are evident. • If possible, wind speeds should be reduced to under 1.0 m/s but if that is not possible, windows can be closed to reduced air flow into the spaces.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS CFD ANALYSIS DESIGN 1 After many attempts, CFD results could not be produced for the first redesign. The purpose of this redesign was to create stack ventilation up a center stair. An attic fan was designed to pull air from the ground floor up into the second floor and then out through the attic. This modeling was more complicated than we were given guidance for in the course and therefore, modeling could not be complete.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS CFD ANALYSIS DESIGN 2 The ceiling level was raised in the common/public spaces to encourage more air movement and light deflection. This change was reflected in the CFD model interior analysis. The shadow analysis provides the following conclusions: â&#x20AC;˘ Wind speeds are slower in this redesign than they were in the base case for the bedrooms. This is because the air must move through 3 spaces (bedroom, hallway, and bedroom) before it can escape out of the opposite side. â&#x20AC;˘ A redesign could have considered putting all of the bedrooms on the north side of the building so that cross ventilation could be better accommodated but this may have had adverse affects on light distribution.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS ENERGY REDUCTION PER CATEGORY

ENERGY ANALYSIS Base Case

A complete energy analysis was conducted in EQuest to determine energy usage based on a the presets of the provided base case design. The Design 2 performed 17.2% better but could have performed as high 38.6% better if changes were made to the incorrect laundry assumptions in the base case.

Design 1 Design 2 Space Space Cooling Heating

HP Supply

Hot Water

Vent. Fans

Pumps + Aux.

Misc. Equip.

Area Lights

BASE CASE

DESIGN 1

DESIGN 2

The energy analysis provides the following conclusions:

• Total electric annual electric consumption is 35,840 kWh

• Total electric annual electric consumption per the report is 36,610 kWh which is higher than the base building by 2%.

• Total electric annual electric consumption per the report is 30.44 kWh which is lower than the base building by 16.85%.

• The heat pump supply increased significantly and it is not clear why this is the case but talking with other students, they have encountered the same large increase when they created their own EQuest models.

• The greatest savings is in space heating has almost been reduced to 0 kWh.

• Hot Water and Misc. Equipment are the largest consumer of energy. • Spacing heating is the next largest consumer of energy and can be reduced with an improved building design such as increased insulation and decreased window area. • Space cooling is only 7.6% of the total energy usage but could still be reduced with a reduction in solar heat gain and increased insulation.

• Stacking the building and designing a smaller floor area did significantly reduce the space heating load by 11% based on the reported consumption (36,610 kWh).

• Changes made to the model are documented in the following pages but include: Glass type, light reduction in storage and laundry rooms, increase wall insulation, reduce infiltration with sigher construction, replace glass doors with solid doors (also reduces illuminance levels).

• Space cooling is only 7.6% of the total energy usage but could still be reduced with a reduction in solar heat gain and increased insulation.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

Project/Run: EquestBase - Baseline Design

Run Date/Time: 12/06/13 @ 00:05

BUILDING ANALYSIS Electric Consumption (kWh)

ELECTRIC ENERGY ANALYSIS BASECASE

(x000) 5 4

An energy analysis was conducted in EQuest based on the settings provided by Professor Yi.

The energy analysis provides the following conclusions: • Total electric annual electric consumption is 35,840 kWh

• Hot Water and Misc. Equipment are the largest consumer of energy.

• Spacing heating is the next largest consumer of energy and can be reduced with an improved building design such as increased insulation and decreased window area.

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Area Lighting Task Lighting Misc. Equipment

• Space cooling is only 7.6% of the total energy usage but could still be reduced with a reduction in solar heat gain and increased insulation.

Exterior Usage Pumps & Aux. Ventilation Fans

Water Heating Ht Pump Supp. Space Heating

Refrigeration Heat Rejection Space Cooling

Electric Consumption (kWh x000) Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May 0.01

Jun

0.10

Jul

Refrigeration

0.07

0.00

1.14

5.61

0.52

0.12

0.02

0.00

0.02

0.08

0.32

1.78

1.06

1.01

1.12

1.06

0.98

0.84

0.78

0.72

0.70

0.77

0.83

0.97

10.84

Vent. Fans

0.17

0.16

0.18

0.17

0.18

0.17

2.05

Pumps & Aux.

0.10

0.09

0.06

0.01

0.00

0.04

0.06

0.10

0.57

Misc. Equip.

0.86

Task Lights

0.78

0.86

0.83

0.86

0.84

0.86

0.60

0.71

0.22

2.09

HP Supp.

Hot Water

Ext. Usage

0.00

Total

Heat Reject.

0.40

0.06

Dec

0.81

0.29

Nov

1.10

0.57

Oct

1.27

0.68

Sep

Space Cool

Space Heat

0.37

Aug

0.84

0.86

0.84

0.86

10.16

Area Lights

0.23

0.21

0.23

0.22

0.23

2.74

Total

4.42

3.86

3.42

2.77

2.43

2.45

2.72

2.57

2.22

2.37

2.81

3.81

35.84

Gas Consumption (Btu) Jan Space Cool Heat Reject. Refrigeration Space Heat

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Total

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS ELECTRIC ENERGY ANALYSIS DESIGN 1 I attempted an energy analysis of my building redesign. However due to the more complicated building envelope, I could not model the building as I had designed it to get an accurate energy account. There are however, lessons that can be learned from this process. The energy analysis provides the following conclusions: • Total electric annual electric consumption per the report is 36,610 kWh which is higher than the base building by 2%. • The heat pump supply increased significantly and it is not clear why this is the case but talking with other students, they have encountered the same large increase when they created their own EQuest models. • Stacking the building and designing a smaller floor area did significantly reduce the space heating load by 11% based on the reported consumption (36,610 kWh). • Space cooling is only 7.6% of the total energy usage but could still be reduced with a reduction in solar heat gain and increased insulation.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS ELECTRIC ENERGY ANALYSIS DESIGN 2 The second redesign was modeled in EQuest and the energy analysis provides the following conclusions: • Total electric annual electric consumption per the report is 30.44 kWh which is lower than the base building by 16.85%. • The greatest savings is in space heating has almost been reduced to 0 kWh. • Changes made to the model are documented in the following pages but include: Glass type, light reduction in storage and laundry rooms, increase wall insulation, reduce infiltration with sigher construction, replace glass doors with solid doors (also reduces illuminance levels). • Space cooling is only 7.6% of the total energy usage but could still be reduced with a reduction in solar heat gain and increased insulation.

ARCH 753

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING ANALYSIS ELECTRIC ENERGY ANALYSIS DESIGN 2 In addition to the building material changes indicated on the previous page, adjustments to the equipment may also be necessary. The energy analysis of equipment provides the following conclusions: • Though it hasn’t been included in the results, a reduction of 7,670 kWh could also be realized in electricity to heat hot water. The default for mult-family units automatically assumes there are 5 units per floor (regardless of floor area) and each unit does 9.8 loads of laundry a week. The base case is estimating 50 loads of laundry is being done weekly in this house which is of course in correct. • If this reduction was accepted in the analysis, a total reduction of 37% would be achieved compared to the base case.

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ

BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION ARCH 753 | DECEMBER 16, 2013 | JILL SORNSON KURTZ

SITE ANALYSIS

GOAL

BASE CASE

DESIGN CASE 1 DESIGN CASE 2

PROJECT CONCLUSION

LIGHT

This project met the prescribed objectives in the following ways:

EcoTect

Sunpath Overshadowing

• Discussion of environmental factors affecting the project beyond the control of the designer (sun and wind patterns)

X X

• Identified design strategies for addressing these factors.

AIR FLOW EcoTect

Wind Rose Psychometric Chart Passive Design Strategies

• Analysis of 3 cases under a variety of conditions to determine how different strategies respond in simulation programs.

X X X

Design Builder CFD Outdoor Analysis

• Realized some of the limits and insufficiencies in software to model design strategies intended by the architect. • The Design Case 2 achieved more than 15% energy reduction, averaged around .5 m/s wind speed but improvements could have been made to make it better, Daylight Glare Index values under 24 (recommended amount) and around 500 average lux on the interior with highly distributed illuminance.

BUILDING ANALYSIS LIGHT

EcoTect

Illuminance Glare - Luminance Glare - Human Sensitivity Shadow Studies

500-1000 lux 2 perspectives

X X X X

0.5 - 1.5m/s

15% reduction

AIR FLOW Design Builder

CFD Indoor Analysis

X X X X

ENERGY E-Quest

Yearly Energy Analysis

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BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION

JILL SORNSON KURTZ