Unit Three

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

Prepositions of time

Back | Contents | Next

Prepositions of time We use AT before specific times of the day. at 3:30 PM at midnight at 8 o'clock at oh-nine-hundred hours We use ON before individual days. on Friday on the 12th of July on Christmas Day We use IN before months, seasons, years and larger blocks of time. in September in winter in 1998 in the sixties in the 18th century Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_1.htm [04/04/2008 23.34.47]

Prepositions of Time

Prepositions of Time

Back | Contents | Next

Ci sono tre preposizioni temporali di base.

AT, ON, and IN. Usiamo AT per periodi brevi di tempo, come l'ora esatta del giorno.

AT

5 o'clock 7:30 midnight oh nine hundred hours

Usiamo ON per porzioni di tempo pi첫 lunghe, come i giorni della settimana o parti di una giornata.

ON

Tuesday Friday afternoon Easter Sunday the 5th of November

Usiamo IN per definire porzioni di tempo ancora pi첫 ampie, come i mesi dell'anno, stagioni, decadi, secoli.

IN

September Autumn the sixties the 21st century

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_2.htm [04/04/2008 23.34.48]

Daily Routines

Daily Routines

Back | Contents | Next

Daily Routines Daily routines are things we do every day.

When we describe daily routines we use the simple present form of verbs.

Below is the daily routine of Sargeant Williams.

Listen and read.

Hi, my name's John Williams. I'm a sargeant with the US Army's 10th Mountain Division. I'm currently stationed in Bosnia.

Every morning I wake up at 0630. I shower and shave from about 0630 until 0700. At 0700, I have breakfast. At 0730, I drive a short distance to Bosnia's Mount Vis. There, I man a security checkpoint from 0800 until 1230.

Then, I eat lunch.

After lunch, I patrol the area around Mount Vis with other soldiers of SFOR. We usually finish the patrol at about 1800. After that, I eat dinner.

After dinner, I often play cards with other members of my division. I always go to bed before 2230.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_4.htm [04/04/2008 23.34.54]

Daily Routines

Daily Routines

Back | Contents | Next

Quando parliamo di routines quotidiane - cose che facciamo giornalmente si usa sempre il simple present del verbo Guarda l'esempio sotto: I wake up at 6:30 everyday.

He has breakfast at 7:30.

We raise the flag at 8:00.

At 6 o'clock p.m., they watch the news on television.

She drives to work with her colleagues.

It doesn't happen every week.

Do you eat lunch in the mess hall?

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_5.htm [04/04/2008 23.34.54]

Bob's daily routine

Back

Unit 3 contents

Next

Bob's daily routine Matching exercise Put the sentences in the right order.

Check

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_6.htm [04/04/2008 23.34.56]

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

Adverbs of Frequency

Back | Contents | Next

Adverbs of Frequency When we talk about how often something happens we can use adverbs of frequency. Look at the examples below.

Listen, read and repeat I always eat lunch at 1:00 PM. He usually checks his email in the morning.

The train is often late.

We sometimes hold training exercises in Germany.

They are rarely in bed before 9:00 PM. She never leaves the barracks without permission.

When we want to ask questions about the frequency of an event we ask: HOW OFTEN....?

Look at the examples below: "How often do you use credit cards?"

"About once a week."

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_8.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.34.59]

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

"How often do you visit the dentist?"

"About twice a year."

"How often does the train come?"

"About three times an hour."

"How often do they have target practice ?"

"Every day."

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_8.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.34.59]

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_9.htm

Adverbs of frequency

Back | Contents | Next

AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA always usually often sometimes rarely never

= = = = = =

sempre di solito spesso a volte raramente mai

N.B...

L'avverbio di frequenza va generalmente tra il soggetto ed il verbo, come in questo esempio:

She always drives to work.

Ad ogni modo, con "to be", l' avverbio di frequenza segue il verbo, come in questo esempio:

Captain Ryan is usually on time.

ALTRE UTILI ESPRESSIONI DI FREQUENZA Quando vogliamo chiedere quanto frequentemente qualcosa accade usiamo la forma interrogativa:

HOW OFTEN...?

Guarda i seguenti esempi: How often do you eat Chinese food?

How often does he visit the dentist?

How often do they patrol the city?

Quanto spesso mangi cibo cinese?

Quanto spesso va dal dentista?

Quanto spesso pattugliano la cittĂ ?

Altre possibili risposte alle domande che cominciano con "HOW OFTEN..?"

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_9.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.00]

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_9.htm

every day every week once a month twice a year three times a day ten times an hour

= = = = = =

ogni giorno ogni settemana una volta al mese due volte all'anno tre volte al giorno dieci volte all'ora

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_9.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.00]

Prepostions of place

Prepositions of place

Back | Contents | Next

Below are listed the most important prepositions of place in English.

Listen, read and repeat The ball is on the box.

The ball is in the box.

The ball is

next to the box.

The ball is in front of the box.

The ball is behind the box.

The ball is above the box.

The ball is under the box.

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_20.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.09]

Prepostions of place

The ball is between the boxes.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_20.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.09]

Prepositions of place

Prepositions of place

Back | Contents | Next

ON

=

SOPRA (SU)

IN

=

DENTRO

NEXT TO

=

ACCANTO A

IN FRONT OF

=

DAVANTI A

BEHIND

=

DIETRO

ABOVE

=

SOPRA

UNDER

=

SOTTO

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_21.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.10]

Prepositions of place

BETWEEN

=

TRA

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_21.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.10]

IMPERATIVES

IMPERATIVES

Back | Contents | Next

IMPERATIVES We use the imperative form when giving commands or instructions.

Imperative sentences have no subject.

We use the base form of the verb.

For negative sentences, add "Don't" before the verb.

Look at the following pictures and sentences, they show examples of the imperative.

Wear a hard hat at a construction site!

Maintain fire extinguishers in good condition!

Wear ear protection in noisy areas!

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_24.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.12]

IMPERATIVES

Don't lift heavy objects with your back!

Don't smoke near gasoline!

Don't use electrical appliances in the bathtub!

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_24.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.12]

Imperatives

Imperatives

Back | Contents | Next

La forma imperativa si usa per dare comandi o istruzioni, una frase imperativa non ha soggetto e usa la forma base del verbo.

Le seguenti frasi mostrano esempi.

Close the window.

Stand in line at attention.

Stop at the next roadblock.

Turn left at the traffic light.

Put your hands in the air.

La forma negativa aggiunge "Don't" prima del verbo.

Le seguenti frasi mostrano alcuni esempi di imperativo negativo.

Don't touch that weapon.

Don't believe everything you hear.

Don't leave the barracks without permission.

Don't smoke while refueling your vehicle.

Don't walk into that field - it's mined.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_25.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.13]

Directions

Directions

Back | Contents | Next

Directions Look at the street map and directions below.

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_34.htm (1 of 3) [04/04/2008 23.35.19]

Directions

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_34.htm (2 of 3) [04/04/2008 23.35.19]

Directions

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_34.htm (3 of 3) [04/04/2008 23.35.19]

Untitled

Directions

Back | Contents | Next

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_35.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.22]

CAN and Can't

CAN and CAN'T

Back | Contents | Next

Listen, read and repeat

My name is Captain Barker. I'm American.

I'm from Alabama, USA. I'm 27. I'm assigned to the 2nd Battalion, 10th Infantry.

I have many skills. I can speak two foreign languages: Spanish and French.

I have a driver's license. I can drive cars and small trucks, but I can't drive a tank.

I have a pilot's license. I can fly small aircraft, but I can't fly helicopters.

I can use a computer, but I can't program one.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_37.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.24]

CAN and CAN'T

CAN and CAN'T

Back | Contents | Next

CAN = "Potere" in Italiano.

CAN non è mai coniugato.

Questo significa che non si aggiunge la "s" alla terza persona singolare.

Quando formiamo una frase negativa con "CAN" la negazione "NOT" segue CAN: He can not speak four languages. o: He can't speak four languages.

I You He She It We They

speak three languages. use my cell phone. program a computer. fly a helicopter. be useful. win the battle. drive a tank.

can can't

N.B...

CAN è un verbo ausiliare. E' sempre seguito dal verbo principale.

I verbi in grassetto nell' esempio riportato sono i verbi principali.

Nota la forma del verbo principale, è sempre l'infinito senza il "TO"

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_38.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.25]

CAN - Yes/No Questions

CAN - Yes/No Questions

Back | Contents | Next

Can - Yes/No Questions "CAN" is a special form of verb. It's called a "modal" verb.

We can make questions with CAN in the same way that we make questions with the verb TO BE. That is, we can put CAN before the subject of the sentence.

CAN + SUBJECT + VERB....?

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE:

QUESTION:

He can fly a plane.

Can he fly a plane?

We can also make short answers to yes/no questions in the following way: Yes, I can.

No, I can't.

Look at the examples in the interview below:

We can also make "WH" questions with CAN.

"WH" WORD + CAN + SUBJECT + VERB...?

Look at the following examples:

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_39.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.26]

CAN - Yes/No Questions

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_39.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.26]

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_40.htm

Can - Questions

Back | Contents | Next

La forma interrogative del verbo modale CAN è simile alla forma interrogative del verbo "to be".

Basta porre CAN prima del soggetto della frase.

CAN + Subject + Verb...?

Guarda l'esempio sotto:

use my cell phone in here? speak Spanish? program a computer? fly a helicopter? be useful? win the battle? drive a tank?

I you he she it we they

Can

Quando poniamo una domanda con "CAN" e con la "WH" question word, quest'ultima precede la prima.

"Wh" word + CAN + subject...?

Guarda l'esempio sotto:

Where What How When

can

it they I we

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_40.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.27]

be? do? get there on time? begin?

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_40.htm

N.B...

CAN è un verbo ausiliare. E' sempre seguito dal verbo

principale come nell'esempio riportato. Nota la loro forma , è sempre l'infinito senza il "TO"

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_40.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.27]

Can

Back

Unit 3 contents

Next

Can Matching exercise Match the verbs on the right with the sentences on the left.

Check

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_42.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.28]

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present Continuous

Back | Contents | Next

Present continuous In English we use the present continuous to show that something is happening right now, at this moment.

The present continuous is formed with the verb TO BE and the -ING form of the main verb.

Look at the following pictures and sentences.

Listen, read and repeat Bill is talking on the telephone.

Lt. Anderson is parachuting from his plane.

They are shaking hands.

Corporal Banning is watching the radar screen.

Fred is running for the train.

They are waiting in line for tickets.

He is driving a tank.

Sergeant Brady is shouting at his men.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_53.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.36]

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_54.htm

Present Continuous

Back | Contents | Next

La forma progressivo del presente è formato dal verbo TO BE e la forma -ING del verbo principale.

I You He She It We They

am sleeping are painting is driving is cooking is snowing are running are reading

in my bed. the walls white. his car to work. dinner for her family. in the Alps. from the disaster. the maintenance manual.

N.B...

1. Ai verbi che terminano con la lettera " e " bisogna togliere quest' ultima prima di aggiungere -ing.

Per esempio: "drive" becomes "driving". "have" becomes "having".

2. Ai verbi corti che terminano con una vocale prima di una consonante bisogna raddoppiare la consonante prima di aggiungere -ing.

Per esempio: "run" becomes "running"

"stop" becomes "stopping"

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_54.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.37]

Present Continuous

Back

Unit 3 contents

Present Continuous Matching exercise Complete the sentences Check

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_56.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.38]

Next

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present Continuous

Back | Contents | Next

Present Continuous Negative It is easy to make negative present continuous sentences.

Just contract "not" with the verb "to be".

Look at the following pictures and sentences.

Listen, read and repeat

The soldier isn't waving, he's saluting.

This soldier isn't standing at attention, he's standing at ease.

They aren't playing golf, they're training.

It isn't raining, it's snowing.

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_58.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.40]

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

"We aren't retreating, we're attacking."

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_58.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.40]

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_59.htm

Present Continuous Negative

Back | Contents | Next

Per ottenere le forme negative del presente progressivo semplicemente aggiungere "not" al verbo " to be ".

Guarda gli esempi sotto: I You He She It We They

am not* withdrawing aren't listening isn't patrolling isn't recommending isn't raining aren't practicing aren't breaking down

my troops. to me. the bridge right now. the changes. in Ireland. basic skills. the barriers.

N.B...

*Non è possibile contrarre " am " e " not ".

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_59.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.41]

Present Continuous Questions

Present Continuous Questions

Back | Contents | Next

Present Continuous Questions Lieutenant James Nash is on a reconnaissance mission not far from the front line. He is giving his commander an update.

Eagle 3, this is Cabot 5, do you read me? Over.

Cabot 5, this is Eagle 3, we read you loud and clear.

Is the enemy in sight? Over.

Yes, I have them in sight, Over.

What are they doing? Over.

They're driving along the Massir Road in an APC. Over.

What direction are they moving? Over.

They are moving due east. Over.

Are they carrying weapons? Over.

They are carrying rifles and mortars. Over.

Roger. This is Eagle 3. Over and out.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_61.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.43]

Listen, read and repeat

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_62.htm

Present Continuous Questions

Back | Contents | Next

Le domande con risposte " YES/NO " nel presente continuo si formano invertendo soggetto e verbo.

Guarda l'esempio sotto: Am Are Is Is Is Are Are

I taking your place? you talking to me? he wearing a uniform? she leading them into battle? it working well? we supporting them? they supplying the enemy?

Le domande che iniziano con " Wh " nel presente continuo si formano nel modo seguente: Where What Where When What Why How

am are is is is are are

I you he she it we they

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_62.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.44]

going? wearing? deploying? going? doing? standing? traveling?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present Continuous

Back | Contents | Next

Present continuous versus present simple There is an important difference between the present continuous and the present simple.

Look at these examples:

Brian sleeps until 7:15 AM.

We use present simple when we talk about routines, things that happen regularly.

It is 3 o'clock AM. Brian is sleeping.

We use present continuous when we talk about things that are happening right now.

Brian is sleeping - at this moment.

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_71.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.50]

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

It's 7:15.

Brian isn't sleeping anymore!

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_71.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.50]

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present Continuous

Back | Contents | Next

Present continuous The present continuous is used more often in English than in Italian.

Look at the example below.

In this situation, in Italian, you could use the simple present: "Dove vai?" and "Vado al lavoro."

But in English it would be wrong to say: "Where do you go?" and "I go to work."

In English we must use the present continuous in this situation because we are talking about something that is happening right now.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_72.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.50]

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Object pronouns

Back | Contents | Next

Object pronouns Object pronouns can take the place of the object of a sentence.

Look at the picture below, on the left.

Jim is running fast, but Kevin is in front of Jim. We don't need to repeat "Jim" in the second part of the sentence, we can replace it with an object pronoun: him.

Jim is running fast, but Kevin is in front of him.

Listen, read and repeat

Look at the picture below.

Mark and Paul are on the ground. Steve is above Mark and Paul.

We don't need to repeat "Mark and Paul" in the second sentence.

We can replace them with an object pronoun: "them".

Listen, read and repeat

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_76.htm (1 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.54]

Mark and Paul are on the ground. Steve is above them.

OBJECT PRONOUNS

Look at more examples of object pronouns below.

Listen, read and repeat Julia is in the middle. George and Peter are next to her.

We are waiting to enter the bank.

The guard is in front of us.

The gun is pointing at you.

The house is behind them.

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_76.htm (2 of 2) [04/04/2008 23.35.54]

Object Pronouns

Object Pronouns

Back | Contents | Next

I pronomi oggetto possono prendere il posto dell' oggetto in una frase.

Guarda la prima immagine nella pagina precedente.

Jim is running fast, but Kevin is in front of Jim. Non abbiamo bisogno di ripetere "JIM" nella seconda parte della frase, possiamo sostituirlo con un pronome oggetto: HIM.

Guarda la seconda immagine nella pagina precedente.

Mark and Paul are on the ground. Steve is above Mark and Paul.

Non abbiamo bisogno di ripetere "Mark and Paul" nella seconda parte della frase, possiamo sostituirlo con un pronome oggetto: THEM.

SUBJECT PRONOUN I you he she it we they

OBJECT PRONOUN me (me) you (te/Lei) him (lui) her (lei) it (esso/a) us (noi) them (loro)

Back | Contents | Next

file:///E|/starterPack/courses/Course1/two/data/3_77.htm [04/04/2008 23.35.55]