Envs10003 w 06 logbook

ENVS10003 CONSTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS WEEK 06 LOGBOOK

CONTENTS

01_ Studio Report

02_Learning Loop

03_Grossary Appendix

04_Reference List

01_Studio Report Activity 1 Structural Concepts- Comparison Develop a working understanding of the structural system of a building through analysis of architectural and structural documentation and detailed model making.

Flat Trusses -Parallel top and bottom chords. It’s not as efficient as pitched or bowstring trusses.

However, as we can see in the structure, the canopy has combination of different trusses.

Joints &Fixing (model making, using tape &pin to join the wood sticks together- weak) Oval Pavilion Roof System - Steel Trusses -Steel trusses are generally fabricated by welding or bolting structural angles and tees together to form the triangulated framework.

-Bolted connection Members are bolted (but without gusset)

Mismatch?

As shown in the graph on the right hand side, the two sections of the roof skylight are not matching. We considered that as we used gluing instead of the method of pin joints to join the trusses together, the structure might not match the others using different connection method.

Pratt Trusses -Have vertical web members in compression and diagonal web members in tension.

- More efficient to use a truss type in which the longer web members are loaded in tension.

Activity 2 A02: IN SITU INTERIM SUBMISSION Develop an effective way of reporting and communicating information about the construction of the built environment. Comprehend and process information contained in reports about the built environment.

Current Stage of Construction in Most Sites

As all the sites are currently started framing, the structural framing in this stage are commonly up to foundation system, floor system and the wall system. There was a very important component had been mentioned by each groups are the GIT Test of the soil in each sites. As foundation are the key to decide which footings are necessary to be used to make the whole structure be stable without sinking and collapsing.

Common Structural Framing in Sites Steel Bracing The steel bracing is temporary structural element to

60 degree

support the external panel blocks in order to avoid any later sway of them. (Generally the angle of the steel bracing is 60 degree, as the performance of the steel bracing is the most effective in such angle) Primary Beam Secondary Beam

Steel System Steel system in these sites consist of two main structural elements such as girders and beams. However in some sites, there are only beams. As the beams are connected to the external concrete wall directly.

Moreover, the frame that the beams form belongs to the fixed frame which is a rigid frame linked with supports by fixed joints.

Joists

Timber System This system includes joists and bearers. The Floor systems are composed of beams and joists with plane of decking or slab. The live and dead load are transferred through the beams, columns of load bearing walls.

Bears

Materials Used In Sites

The detail of the most structures for the planter box which is going to be on the faรงade of the house.

To achieve the reinforcement which is coming out of the foundation, is prepared to receive concrete blocks that is going to filled with the concrete.

The slabs in the site are commonly made of LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber). The reason to choose this material is because of the large spans and the large spaces of the house. It is good alternative for steel as it can well carry the loads and be used in open spaces.

02_Learning Loop Roof System Ching, 2014 Flat Roofs 1-3 degree - Require a continuous membrane roofing material.

-Minimum recommended slope 1/4’’ perfect (1 :50)

Sloping Roofs/ Pitched Roof (pitch>3 degree) - Low-slope roofs –up to 3:12 -Medium to high slope roofs – 4:12 to 12:12

Roof System Ching, 2014 Joints

Space Frames -3D plate type structures that are long spanning in two directions.

-linear steel sections of various cross section types as welded, bolted or threaded together to form matrix-like structure.

Introduction to Metal E- Learning, 2014

TRUSSES Pratt trusses - Vertical web members – compression - Diagonal web members - tension Flat trusses - have parallel top and bottom chords - Generally not as efficient as pitch or boustring trusses Belgian trusses - Only inclined web members.

Warren trusses - have inclined web members forming a series of ‘equilateral triangles’. Vertical web members are introduced to reduce the panel length of the top chord (compression)

Crescent trusses - have both top and bottom chords curving upward from the a certain point at each side

Fink trusses - are Belgian trusses having sub diagonals to reduce the length of compression web members toward the centreline of the span

Bowstring trusses - have curved top chord meeting a straight bottom chord at each end.

History: Copper age -> Bronze Age -> Iron Age Metal Types: - Ferrous - Non-ferrous - Alloy -combinations of two or more metals ( ferrous alloy if it contains iron, non-ferrous alloy if it does not) Steel –Types & Uses 1. Structural Steel -Hot rolled steel -Cold formed steel a. Folded from sheets b. Joints are bolted or screwed

Non- Ferrous Metals -Zinc -Lead -Tin -Titanium -Bronie -Brass

03_Glossary Appendix 1. Rafter- a beam forming part of the internal framework of a roof (steel/wood).

Rafter

2. Eave- the bottom edges of the roof.

Eave

3. Purlin- a piece of timber laid horizontally on the rafters of a roof frame, it also can support the common rafters on which the roof covering is laid (Fowler, personal communication, September 4th, 2014).

Purlin

4. Alloy- the combinations of two or more metals a (ferrous alloy if it contains iron, non-ferrous alloy if it does not).

5. Cantilever- a long projecting beam or girder rigidly at one end to carry a load along the free arm or at the free end (Fowler, personal communication, 5th September, 2014).

Cantilever

6. Soffit- the under surface of an architectural structure such as the balcony, or overhanging eaves.

7. Portal Frame- consist of a serious of braced rigid frames (two columns and a beam) with purlins for the roof and the girds for the walls.

8. Top Chord- the top beams in a truss and they are generally in compression.

04_Reference List Ching, F. (2014). Building construction illustrated / Francis D. K. Ching. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014, p. 6.02-6.27 Ferrous metals, e-learning, 2014, viewed 6th September 2014. Retrieved From, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQy3IyJy-is&feature=youtu.be Introduction to metals, e-learning, 2014, viewed 6th September 2014. Retrieved From, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RttS_wgXGbI&feature=youtu.be Non-ferrous metals, e-learning, 2014, viewed 6th September 2014. Retrieved From, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDtxb7Pgcrw&feature=youtu.be Roofing strategies and systems, e-learning, 2014, viewed 6th September 2014.

Retrieved from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5ms8vmhs50&feature=youtu.be