Envs10003 w 03 logbook

ENVS10003 CONSTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS WEEK 03 LOGBOOK CONTENTS

01_ Studio Report

02_Learning Loop

03_Grossary Appendix

04_Referenc e List

New Melbourne school of Design, Jiayun KE, campus, 2014

01_Studio Report Activity ‘Campus Lab 1’ Cite 1 Lot 6 Cafe

The main materials used in these building’s structure are bricks. Since bricks are mainly used for walls or arches. By comparing the graphs above, we can see that the similarity of these structure is that they are all built in rows of bricks – stretcher course and mortar joints. Especially the Lot 6, it is laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall. However, the patterns of the overlapping form of the structures are different. Obviously the pattern of the structure of LOT 6 is continually overlapping the bricks to the top.

As the brick wall is not very high, the continual pattern of the bricks are able to carry the load producing compression and reach equilibrium without collapsing. By contrast, the ERC building and the MSGR’s exterior wall are much thicker as shown below.

Loadbearing walls

As these two buildings are much higher than the Lot 6 wall, the construction of the exterior wall needs to be carry more vertical loadcompression.

On the other hand, the mortar joints is obvious shown that it is mixture of cement and line.

As the bricks can endure high temperature and stable. It is also in good ductility in which it can absorb moisture to grow. This fact also illustrates that it is old heritage building.

Cite 2 New Melbourne school of Design As we known the New Melbourne school of Design building has awarded the 6 star green building. Not only are the design of the façade but also the construction are sustainable and durable. As we seen in the graph,

Cite 3 Old Geology Entrance The concrete shrinks, and the bricks grows (absorb the moisture)

The skeletal struts made of steel outlined the exterior façade are used as pin joints in order to carry the compression loads parallel to its long axis through into the ground.

As shown in the graph, there are weep holes in the concrete blocks. Bricks tends to absorb moisture for gradually expand.

As the surface of the brick is darker in higher temperature, it is made of crème brick. (Long history)

Shear Diaphragmprevent overturing.

Soldier Course-

Rains flush on them for long time. Water doesn’t go across.

The concrete blocks are group in which strong in compression. They are hard and stiff for carrying heavy compressive loads. They are extremely durable which can last for 1000 years.

It’s a deep vertical element designed to carry horizontal load in order to avoid overturning the building.

Cite 4 Oval Pavilion As shown in the graph, the structure inside the canopy is constructed by the grid and spine truss. To transfer the load. The truss and the canopy framing are mainly made of steel which is stiff, strong, and hard and enable to carry the compression load. Besides, the structure of the truss and grid used pin joints.

The retaining wall holds back of the canopy.

The pressure of the load of earth behind the retaining wall prevents the structure from overturing.

Image: Canopy structure 3D view Resource: Oval Pavilion Construction drawings, p.S04.01

As shown in the graph on the left hand side, the skin outside the canopy framing is made of timber in stretcher course horizontally. Moreover, in the middle of the truss, there are strut in T terms which allows the compression load transfer through the vertical column.

The design of the Oval Pavilion is complex, as the construction of the building is a hybrid structure including waterproof concrete blocks, timber column which is able to spend, and the steel (clad) as framing truss. The final design project has some difference between the original plan since the design team need to consider different discipline which overlaps, consisting of engineering, science, architecture, and especially construction.

Cite 5 Audience Kiosk The structure shown on the left hand side clearly illustrate the material-steel and the framing-truss. The graph below demonstrates the load path through the truss, in which, the compression load applied from the roof transferred through the fixed jointed truss, columns and the beams.

The shear walls also allow the load pass through into the ground in order to hold the back and prevent overturning. Nevertheless, the opening frame allows the wind flow on the building.

Cite 6 Trinity surrounding The difference between the trinity building and the one on the right side is obvious.

Compare to the new trinity building. The roof of the old building is made of bricks. As bricks can absorb water and moisture, the surface of the roof has been weathering. No doubt, it is a very old building which has at least 40 years history.

02_Learning Loop Structural elements E-learning, 2014 -

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Columns Beams (generally a horizontal element designed to carry vertical load using its bending resistance-timber, steel, concrete) Walls Strut (slender element design to carry load parallel to its long axis. The load produces compression.)

Tie (Load produces tension-e.g. bridge.

Slab/Plate (wide horizontal element designed to carry vertical load in bending.

Load is transferred through the slab and distributed to the beams.)

Panel (A deep vertical element designed to carry vertical or horizontal load.)

Geometry& Equilibrium

Footing &Foundation

E-learning, 2014

E-learning, 2014 Footing &Found ation Shallow Footing Deep Foundat ions

- Pad footing -Strip footing -Raft foundation

-End bearing piles -Friction piles

Masonry

Bricks (Clay)

Equilibrium – ‘the state of balance’ or rest ‘resulting from the equal action of opposing forces’. Any applied forces must be resisted by equal &opposite forces ‘reaction force’.

1. Object not moving up or down. Sum of vertical forces equal to zero.

2. 3. Object not moving side to side.

Sum of horizontal forces equal to zero.

3. Object not rotating, sum of moments equal to zero.

E-learning, 2014 E-learning, 2014 Stone+ Clay +Concrete (subset, made of smaller units) Definition: refer to building with ‘units’ of various natural or manufactured products.

-Bond (pattern or arrangement of units) -Course (horizontal row of masonry units) -Joint (the way units are connected to each other) -Mortar (mixture of cement or line, sand &mortar are used as building agents.

Mortar Joints

Block E-learning, 2014

-Handmade (convict made) -Moulded (pressed) -Extruded (wire out) Clay- natural material, wide variation in the colour of bricks.

Stone E-learning, 2014 -Igneous stones (granite, basalt, bluestone) -Sedimentary stones (limestone, sandstone) -Metamorphic stones (marble, slate), flooring, bench top

Used in walls/load bearing (dividing &decorate walls) -Low flexibility plasticity -Low ductility -Poor conductors of heat &electricity

03_Glossary Appendix 1. Moment- ‘the moment of force is the tendency to make an object or a point rotate. A force will only produce a moment about a point if it is applied at a distance from that point along the line of action that does not pass through the point. Since moments are the product of force and distance, the units are expressed in Newton-meter (Nm) or Kilonewton-meter (kNm)' (Related concept, structural concept, elearning, 2014).

Mo = F x d (i.e. moment= force x distance) M=fxd =5x2

P =5kN

= -10kNm

D =2m

2. Strip Footing- ‘it is used when loads from a wall or a series of column’s spread in a linear manner’ (Footing and Foundations, e-learning, 2014).

3. Retaining Wall- ‘it is used when site are excavated to create a basement or where changed in site levels need to be established. The pressure load of earth behind the wall needs to be considered to prevent the wall from overturning’ (Footing and Foundations, e-learning, 2014).

Image: Retaining &foundation wall Resource: Ching, 2014, p.3.07

4. Slab on ground- ‘it is the wide horizontal element designed to carry the vertical load in bending.

It is usually supported by beams.

The pressure would transfer through the slab and distribute to the beams’ (Structural elements, e-learning, 2014).

5. Pad Footing- ‘it is isolated footings, which helps to spread a point load over a wider area of ground’ (Footing and Foundations, e-learning, 2014).

6. Substructure- ‘the foundation is the lowest division of the building- substructure. It is constructed partly or wholly below the surface of the ground’ (Ching, 2014, p.3.02). It transmits the loads of the superstructure to the supporting soil.

04_Reference List Blocks, e-learning, 2014, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geJv5wZQtRQ&feature=youtu.be

Bricks, e-learning, 2014, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lYlQhkMYmE&feature=youtu.be

Canopy structure 3D view, 2013, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, Oval Pavilion Construction drawings, p.S04.01 Ching, F. (2014). Building construction illustrated / Francis D. K. Ching. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014, pp. 3.02-3.07 Footing and Foundations, e-learning, 2014, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAcuwrecIz8&feature=youtu.be

Geometry and Equilibrium, e-learning, 2014, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014_SM2/WEE K%2003/GEOMETRY%20AND%20EQUILIBRIUM.pdf

Retaining & foundation wall, retrieved from: Ching, F. (2014). Building construction illustrated / Francis D. K. Ching. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014, p. 3.07 Structural Elements, e-learning, 2014, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQIa1O6fp98&feature=youtu.be Masonry, e-learning, 2014, viewed 14th August 2014. Retrieved from, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DC8Hv8AKQ8A&feature=youtu.be