Take back the Arnulfstrasse by Johannes Daiberl

ARNULF STRASSE

index

INTRODUCTION THE BACKGROUND 05 THE SITE 27 THE MANIFESTO 39

IDEA OF THE PROPOSAL THE IDEA 41

THE BASIC NEEDS 43 THE SEASONAL GREEN 49 THE BIOCITY APP 51 THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 57 WHEREÂ´S ARNI? 59

THE PROCESS THE PROCESS OF THE PROPOSAL 73 THE HISTORY 75

THE SUPPLY 77 THE TRANSPORTATION 81 THE ATMOSPHERE 83 THE LOCAL PERSPECTIVE 87 THE FIRST IDEA 93

42% OF EARTHÂ´S LAND SURFACE AREA IS USED FOR FARMLAND...

...THE EQUIVALENT OF THE SIZE OF

AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA COMBINED.

FARMING IS THE SINGLE MOST POWERFUL DRIVER OF

DEFORESTATION AND LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY.

70%

OF GLOBAL WATER CONSUMPTION IS USED FOR FARMING.

CAUSING RIVERS AND LAKES TO DRY UP.

30%

OF ALL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IS FROM AGRICULTURE.

MAKING IT THE SINGLE LARGEST EMITTER OF GREENHOUSE GASSES IN THE WORLD.

BUILDINGS

TRANSPORTATION

ENERGY

INDUSTRY

AGRICULTURE

WASTE

13%

26%

19%

30%

FERTILIZERS HAVE MORE THAN

DOUBLED THE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS IN OUR ENVIROMENT

CONTAMINATING OUR SOIL AND DRINKING WATER.

VEGETABLES TRAVEL 2.400KM

FROM FARM TO CONSUMER ON AVARAGE. CAUSING AN EXTRA 12% EMISSIONS BEFORE CONSUMPTION.

33%

OF THE WORLDÂ´S FOOD GOES TO WASTE EVERY YEAR.

1.3 BILLION TONNES...

FOOD WASTE

EducationalVersion

...WHILE

1 IN 7 PEOPLE IN THE WORLD SUFFERS FROM HUNGER

(842 MILLIONS PEOPLE) IN THE WORLD ARE STARVING, MAKING HUNGER AND MALNOURISHMENT THE GREATEST RISK TO HEALTH WORLDWIDE.

WITH A GROWING WORLD POPULATION AND EMERGING MIDDLE CLASS, DEMAND FOR FOOD IS INCREASING.

CALLING FOR SMARTER AND MORE RESILIENT SOLUTIONS TO FEED THE WORLD! 10

1000 1100

1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400

1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700

YEAR

1750 1800 1850 1900

1950 2000

2050

BILLION PEOPLE

66% FO

OF OUR ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT IS RELATED TO HOME ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING THE CONSUMPTION OF FOOD AND ENERGY.

CO2 HOU

33% â&#x201A;¬

OF OUR INCOMES IS SPEND PAYING FOR OUR HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION (RENT, ENERGY, WATER AND FOOD) AND WE WORK HALF OF OUR WAKING LIFE TO PAY FOR IT.

the site

Opened in 1839, Arnulftrasse presents itself today as one of the main axes of Munich. Developing over 3.8km, connecting the exterior of the city, Ludwigsvorstadt (Mittlering), with one of its essential points, Maxvorstadt (innercity), the Arnulfrstrasse develops in an eclectic way from its structure. Along its length, Arnulfrasse has various types of buildings with a programmatic and architectural variety but does not currently have a cohesive and affirmed identity with the rest of the city's - situation that this work seeks to standardize. Its geographical location phase to the urban fabric of Munich makes it one of the key points for the establishment of communication routes with the outside of the city, either through the Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof MĂźnchen as MĂźnchen Hauptbahnhof. Thus, this east-west design, accompanied parallelly by the railway structure and the size of the street, makes Arnulfratrasse an important place for channelling fresh air into the city centre, as well as for favourable sun exposure, making it a key point for the programme that we seek to explore here. From the point of view of agricultural development, besides presenting an important and fundamental location as described above, Arnulfstrasse presents itself in an eclectic way for the programme that punctuates it. In addition to large companies, it also has street shops as well as restaurants, housing and schools. For this reason, the application of agricultural systems not only plays a fundamental social and community role, seeking to bring all these different elements together on the street level but also the establishment of Arnulfstrasse as a model that can be developed in different parts of the city, thus exploring an educational service idea.

The role of agriculture in today's contemporary cities is not only established as an important social and cultural environment but also seeks to meet the needs that the cities of the future will need, not least because of population growth and the rural exodus. Cities therefore increasingly seek to respond to these needs in a systematic and incisive manner. Thus, taking the motto of the car-free city, we present a project where the infrastructure space where there were once cars now presents itself as a stage for agricultural development, as we will see below.

GSEducationalVersion

ARRIVAL AREA

OFFICE AREA

RESIDENTIAL AREA

ersion

INSTEAD OF WORKING FOR YOUR HOME

WE ENVISION A STREET THAT WORKS FOR YOU...

...PRODUCING AN ABUNDANCE OF

CLEAN ENERGY, FRESH HEALTHY FOOD AND WATER.

HOME

GREENHOUSE

SEASONAL GARDEN

AQUAPONICS

SOLAR CELLS

WATER STORAGE

THE TECHNOLOGY EXISTS... IT IS JUST A MATTER OF APPLYING SCIENCE INTO THE ARCHITECTURE OF EVERYDAY LIFE.

ationalVersion

OUR PROPOSAL FOR ARNULFSTRASSE IS A MODEL FOR LOCAL COMMUNITY BASED FARMING

SECURING SUPPLY AND SUSTAINABILITY ON SITE. 33

BY USING AQUAPONIC FARMING WE CAN DECREASE LAND USE WITH

98%

...AND GROW 100% ORGANIC PRODUCES. AND PROTEIN FROM FISH WHILEST HAVEING THE CAPACITY TO GROW

GSEducationalVersion

10 TIMES MORE PRODUCE IN THE SAME FOOTPRINT AS TERRESTRIAL FARMING

90%

AND DECREASING WATER CONSUMPTION WITH

...THEREBY ELIMATING TRANSPORTATION AND ENABLING FARM-TO-TABLE. THE CLOSED CIRCUIT ECOSYSTEM EMITS NO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT.

CREATING A STREET THAT DOES NOT DEPLETE THE ENVIROMENT, BUT RESTORES IT.

the manifesto

_______Car free city as a given fact______________________ __________________________________________integrate the agriculture in the street dynamics to secure the food supply of the raising city, creating social and cooperatives dynamics in the street space _________________________________ ______________________________________connect the agricultural areas around the city to central hubs by train to secure regional supply and distribute the goods from the hubs to smaller distribution centers in the inner-city by cargo bikes ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________introduce new food processes like aquaponic systems for producing vegetables and fish___________________________________ ___________________use the space above the railways and create a second level which is used for agricultural reasons creating water and oxygen reserves capable of feeding the city and increases COÂ˛ emissions ______________________ ___________________________________________________ _________raise awareness and teach the the population to a new sustainable lifestyle: supply routes should be avoided, consumption has to be minimized and every kind of waste must be eliminated ________________________________________ ____________________________________________use urban gardening as a tool for integration and communication in the community, giving them gardens for recreation and personal cultivation_______________________.

the idea

“The street is no only a means of access but also an arena for the social expression.” With the development of a certain area of the city lacking large motor vehicles as an essential premise, the Arnulfstrasse case emerges as a paradigmatic and quite exemplary example of where the exercise itself is reflected in a more comprehensive crack in the city of Munich. The historical value allied to the cultural and commercial value present along the whole street makes it a very interesting scenario for the abstinence of vehicles and a very significant example from the cultural point of view since it is easy and evident to understand the identification of three very eclectic and paradigmatic areas of the whole city. In turn, the interpretation of the premise "urbanization the air" that accompanies the exercise, and to which we should respond not only is approached from a more literal point of view throughout the project but is also metamorphosed and deconstructed until in fact understanding the multiplicity of meanings it retains. However, the pivotal point for the development of all responses has been the awareness of the opportunity of the potentialities that exist on the street level in the absence of cars. The identification of these potentials and their effective transition to the Arnulftrasse case not only resulted in the full awareness of the communicative role that this path has and that is reflected in the present work, as well as in the evident potentials present in the object of the street itself with a multidisciplinary and dynamic space in the action of interrelational development. Thus, as a response to this exercise, the theme of agriculture/urban gardening emerges as agglomerative processes and dynamic enough to respond in a consolidated and comprehensive way to

the program, always having as its main basis the potential of expanding the theme to a more comprehensive point of view of the city - this is very motivated by the essential role in the urban structure already identified before. The agricultural production action arises not only as a sustainable response to the increasingly urgent needs for climate change action, as well as the actions necessary for the rural exodus and all the sustainability to which it is necessary to respond but also as a response to the social dynamics of awareness and social responsibility. This response necessarily results from the development of this street plan as a common practice plan, taking up its premises after the mechanical invasion of the motor vehicle. Agriculture thus presents itself once again as an educational and identity value capable of satisfying all needs not only social but also those of mobility, sustainability and cooperativity. “(...) But we have not yet discovered an equivalent to the street form for the present day. All we know is that the street has been invalidated by the motor car, rising standards of living and changing values. Any revival is historicism. In the uninhibited organization of the children’s games, we are seeing a valid. Pattern, and in this is an indication of freer sort of organization”

Urban structuring, Alison and Peter Smithson, 1967

what are the anual basic needs for a family of three?

TOTAL AREA:

372 m2

HOME 118 m2

SOLAR CELLS 34 m2

WATER STORAGE 5 m2

SEASONAL GARDEN 100 m2

GREENHOUSE 40 m2

AQUAPONIC 50 m2

ANIMAL PROTEIN 8 m2

The average living space of Munich residents in 2016/17 was 39 square meters per person. For comparison: For Germany, the value is around 45 square meters. In Munich it can be observed that the size of the apartment is decoupled from the demand: while some live together in a confined space, others have an above-average amount of living space available after a reduction in household size, for example after the children have moved out.

This form of energy is one of the renewable energies, since it is available on earth every day during the day and, viewed on a human scale, the sun represents a practically inexhaustible source of energy. Due to its very large potential, solar energy together with wind energy is the most important future energy source in the context of the energy transition.

Water demand in the industrial, agricultural and public water supply sectors varies from country to country. In Germany, 72% are in the industrial sector, 14% in agriculture and 14% in public water supply. In Greece the ratio is reversed: 4% industry, 80% agriculture and 16% public water supply. If you balance the virtual water, you get the amount of water actually required regardless of the type and location of use. The consumption in Germany is calculated to be around 4,000 liters of water per capita per day. Aspects of sustainability, biodiversity and urban agriculture are of particular importance. In addition to the attractive design of the city's green spaces, they should simultaneously support ecological, economic and aesthetic functions in the sense of multifunctionality. The declared aim future. The urban greenery should not only be made tangible for the eyes, but also through scent and taste.

Under the same production conditions, regionally produced food is always more advantageous, as transport is avoided, which costs energy and causes greenhouse gas emissions. For example, transporting apples by ship from Chile requires 12 times more energy than domestic goods, the decisive factor being the different transport distances. Transport by air is extremely harmful: air freight consumes 520 times more energy. Fruit from the region gets by with a minimum of water. They do not have to be grown in arid regions such as southern Spain or Morocco with irrigation. The load of virtual water is reduced. The plants convert the CO2 emitted by the fish into oxygen. This makes the system virtually emission-free. Aquaponics produces high-quality food that has the same taste as conventionally grown vegetables or fish. Thanks to the effective water cycle, the daily fresh water requirement can be reduced to less than three percent. For example, a kilo of tomatoes requires only 35 litres of water instead of up to 180 litres.

It makes sense to extend entomophagy - the consumption of insects by humans - worldwide, the FAO said as early as 2013, because insects can not only be produced sustainably, they are also healthy. They provide high-quality protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients such as copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium and zinc.

what are the basic needs for a sustainable Arnulfstrasse?

private space

greenhouses

aquaponics

animal protein

solar cells

water storage

seasonal gardens

public space

venues

route network

cargo infrastructure

GSEducationalVersion

45 GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

seasonal green

FAT

PROTEIN

0.93g

PROTEIN

ENERGY

41kcal

POTASSIUM

VITAMIN A

334 %

VITAMIN A

0.1g 0.90g 141mg 10%

SODIUM

4mg

VITAMIN C

0.2mg 27mg

1.1g

146mg

POTASSIUM

7.4mg

VITAMIN C

2.50Kg/sqm 7.04Kg/sqm

60.00Kg 0.58sqm

FAT

0.10

PROTEIN

2 .2

CARBOHYDRATE POTASSIUM

8.03Kg

SODIUM

202m

CALCIUM

5.02Kg/sqm

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

JUNE

JULY

AUGUST

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

20mg

CALCIUM VITAMIN B6

4.15Kg

MARCH

41kcal

8.72Kg

FEBRUARY

ENERGY

AVERAGE YIELD

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

PROTEIN

1.1mg

VITAMIN C

CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA***

SEPTEMBER

3.00g

IRON

VITAMIN B12

3.75Kg/sqm

0.10g

FAT

PROTEIN

VITAMIN B3 0.066mg

WHITE ASPARAGUS

ONION

FAT

VITAMIN B1 0.066mg

REQUIRED SPACE**

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

POTATO

SEPTEMBER

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

LETTUCE

0.24g

FAT

NUTRITIONAL VALUE*

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

MONTHS

JANUARY

CARROTS

5.00Kg/sqm

1.53Kg

1.60sqm

2.32sqm

6.81s

LAND NEEDED PER CAPITA

* PER 100g ** NUMBERS FOR PLANTS *** IN GERMANY IN 2016 GSEducationalVersion

24.00sqm

1.1g

OTEIN

41kcal

ERGY

4mg

DIUM

146mg

TASSIUM

7.4mg

TAMIN C

0.10g

PROTEIN

2 .20g

CARBOHYDRATE

2mg

SODIUM POTASSIUM

202mg 0mg

CALCIUM

0.3g

FAT

0.90g

PROTEIN

CARBOHYDRATE 3.5g 3mg

SODIUM

PROTEIN

0.7g

CARBOHYDRATE 3.4g SODIUM

202mg

POTASSIUM

CALCIUM

22.1mg

FIBER

39mg

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

0.20g

FAT

PROTEIN

0.90g

PROTEIN

0.26g

ENERGY

18kcal

ENERGY

52kcal

0.08mg

VITAMIN B6

0.17g

VITAMIN B6

0.04mg

233mg

VITAMIN C

14mg

VITAMIN C

4.6mg

1.9g

VITAMIN E

0.54mg

VITAMIN E

0.18mg

3.7Kg/sqm

6.58Kg

8Kg/sqm 10Kg/sqm

1.20Kg

20.60Kg 0.12sqm

1.60sqm

6.81sqm

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

APPLE

SEPTEMBER

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

FAT

5.00Kg/sqm

1.53Kg

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

0.1g

POTASSIUM

TOMATO

FAT

7.04Kg/sqm

8.03Kg

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

JANUARY

DECEMBER

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

RADISH

NOVEMBER

AUGUST

JUNE

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

FEBRUARY

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

FAT

5.02Kg/sqm

CUCUMBERS

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

JUNE

JULY

AUGUST

MAY

APRIL

FEBRUARY

JANUARY

DECEMBER

NOVEMBER

OCTOBER

SEPTEMBER

AUGUST

JULY

MAY

APRIL

MARCH

JUNE

0.10g

MARCH

WHITE ASPARAGUS

ONION

5.65sqm

21.30Kg

2.66sqm 5.56sqm

the biocity app

In the existence of a work that seeks to respond to similar needs of ours, we took as an integral part of our process one of the topics developed in that same work. In the search for the answer "How to implement our strategies into the city?" and "How can we encourage the residents to participate?" we took as a starting point the app that was once developed and by doing a programmatic update we were able to integrate it into the dynamics of our project that aims not only the agricultural structure but also the community dynamics. The "Bio City App" is thus an application that enables people to have access to agricultural areas available along the street, and the city, as well as access to the numerous markets available. Through this app, we are not only able to see the availability of certain and certain passive lands to be rented as well as to see which foods are planted there and made available for harvesting, since the app also makes it possible to update their growth status. The integration of the app in the project structure is of great importance since it is through this tool that we can make the distance between the ordinary citizen and the frequent user more tenuous and more dynamic from the point of view of action and social integration of the project that we present. The acquisition of this application in this dynamic is then no more than the integration of a tool capable of dynamizing the social space that we have been building up to now.

The application, according to its creators, makes it possible:

START FARMING rent farmland check farmland status check neraby fertilize stores that sell farm goods check your own stores/farms process payment

BUY FRESH NOW detect nearby farm (gps) purchasing farm goods farm goods statistic process Payment

DISCOVER social posts interface other farmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s status comment and like function process payment

MY PORFILE achievement with the system to encourage users own posts from the past statistics on purchase history and achievement check your own farmland

BIO CITY2.0

CHANGES THE WAY YOU EAT CHANGES THE WAY YOU LIVE.

SEARCH FOR LANDSEARCH FOR LAND

START FARMING NOW! START FARMING NOW!

Renting Period

Renting Period 30

SEARCH FOR LAND

START FARMING START NOW! FARMING NOW! Renting Period

Renting Period

RENT A FARMLANDRENT A FARMLAND

July July, 2020 - July, 2021 (12 months) 30

Aquaponic

Seasonal Garden

Renting

Renting Period 30

Aquaponic

Renting

Renting Period 30

FERTILIZER STORE FERTILIZER STOREGreenhouse

MY STORE

RENT A FARMLAND Prefer Type PreferRENT Type A FARMLAND

FERTILIZER STORE FERTILIZER STORE BIO BIO CITY2.0 CITY2.0

July, 2020 - July, 2021 (12 months) July, 2020 - July, 2021 (12 30months)

Greenhouse

Prefer Type

Prefer T

Aquaponic

Aqu

Seasonal Garden

Sea

Greenhouse

Gre

HE WAY YOU EAT HE WAY YOU LIVE.

AVAILABLE CHECK AVAILABLE CHECKMY STORE MY STORE CHANGES THE WAY YOU EAT CHANGES THE WAY YOU LIVE.

CHANGES THE WAY YOU EAT CHANGES THE WAY YOU LIVE.

C CHECK AVAILABLE Space: 50.0

START FARMING

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING DISCOVER

BUYMY FRESH NOW PROFILE

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

START FARMING

START FARMING DISCOVER

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING DISCOVER

BUY FRESH NOW

Sort

Filter

ARNI´S GARDEN

BUYMY FRESH NOW PROFILE

BUY FRESH NOW MY PROFILE

Map

DISCOVER

Filter

ARNI´S GARDEN +49 (0) 89 23322583 Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

MY PROFILE

START FARMING

Arnis Garden

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

+49 (0) 89 23322583

DIOGO´S GARDEN

GETNOW! A FRESH VEGETABLE NOW! GET A FRESH VEGETABLE

DIOGO´S GARDEN +49 (0) 89 23322583 Arnulfstrasse 15 80636 München

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

Sort

CHECK AVAILABLE

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

JOEY´S +49 (0) 89 23322583 GARDEN Alfred-Schmidt-Straße 15 81379 München

+49 (0) 89 23322583 shop now!

CHECK AVAILABLE

ELIFE ´S VEGGIES

CHECK AVAILABLE

SEED SHOP

ELIFE ´S VEGGIES +49 (0) 89 23322583

SEED SHOP

DIOGO´S GARDEN

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

Alfred-Schmidt-Straße 15 +49 (0) 89 23322583 81379 München

MY PROFILE

START FARMING

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING DISCOVER

BUYMY FRESH NOW PROFILE

BUY FRESH NOW MY PROFILE

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

START FARMING

BUY FRESH NOW

JOEY´S GARDEN

Arcisstraße 21 80333 München

Arnulfstraße 61, 80636 München

+49 (0) 89 23322583

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING DISCOVER

BUYMY FRESH NOW PROFILE

BUY FRESH NOW MY PROFILE

Helmholtzstraße 1 80636 München

+49 (0) 89 233225

Arnulfstrasse 15 80636 München

+49 (0) 89 233225

Alfred-Schmidt-Straß 81379 München

+49 (0) 89 23322583

Arnulfstraße 61, 80636 München

START FARMING DISCOVER

Sort

+49 (0) shop 89 23322583 now!

ELIFE ´S VEGGIES

SEED SHOP

DISCOVER

ARN GAR

+49 (0) 89 23322583

AVAILABLE Arcisstraße 21 80333 München

Filter

ARNI´S GARDEN

Arnulfstrasse 15 80636 München

Arnis Garden

JOEY´S GARDEN

+49 (0) 89 23322583

shop now!

AVAILABLE

START FARMING DISCOVER

Map

VEGETABLE NOW! Arnis Garden

BUY FRESH NOW

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

Arcisstraße 21 80333 München

+49 (0) 89 233225

Arnulfstraße 61, 806 München

+49 (0) 89 233225

START FARMING

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING DISCOVER

Sort

Filter

Map

ARNI´S SEARCHGARDEN FOR LAND

OW!

Renting Period DIOGO´S July, 2020 - July, 2021 (12 months) 30 GARDEN

is Garden

holtzstraße 15 München

) 89 23322583 shop now!

+49 (0) 89 23322583

CARROTS

Arnulfstrasse 15 80636 München

Condition: ripe Price: 3.0 €/kg There are 34 portions left on this location.

+49 (0) 89 23322583

ADD TO CART

LETICE

m´2 S JOEY GARDEN

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

+49 (0) 89 23322583

Renting Period Alfred-Schmidt-Straße 15 81379 München

Condition: ripe Price: 4.0 €/kg There are 3 portions left on this location.

+49 (0) 89 23322583

Prefer Type

ADD TO CART

POTATOS

Aquaponic

ELIFE ´S VEGGIES

Seasonal Garden Greenhouse

Condition: ripe Price: 2.0 €/kg There are 57 portions left on this location.

Arcisstraße 21 80333 München +49 (0) 89 23322583

ADD TO CART

RADISH

CHECKSEED AVAILABLE SHOP

Condition: ripe Price: 6.0 €/kg There are 19 portions left on this location.

Arnulfstraße 61, 80636 München

ADD TO CART

+49 (0) 89 23322583

Space: 50.0 m2

MY PROFILE MY PROFILE

Y PROFILE VER

BUY FRESH NOWDISCOVER START FARMINGSTART FARMINGBUY FRESH NOW

Sort

DISCOVER

Filter

MY PROFILE

CONFIRM CHECK CART

Price: 15€/month

START FARMING BUY FRESH NOW START FARMING BUY FRESH NOW DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

Map

ARNI´S GARDEN

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

PAY WITH

+49 (0) 89 23322583

P Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München +49 (0) 89 23322583

Credit Card

MY FARMLAND Arnulfstrasse 15 DIOGO´S 80636 München GARDEN +49 (0) 89 23322583

 Pay

CARROTS

Apple Pay

Condition: ripe Price: 3.0 €/kg There are 34 portions left on this location.

PayPal

ADD TO CART

LETICE

JOEY´S GARDEN

BILLINGCondition: DETAILS ripe

Alfred-Schmidt-Straße 15 81379 München

Price: 4.0 €/kg There are 3 portions left on this location.

+49 (0) 89 23322583

Buyer Name

ADD TO CART

Arni Mustermann

ripen:

POTATOS

ripen:

ELIFE ´S VEGGIES

ADD TO STORE

UPLOAD PHOTOS

Arcisstraße 21 80333 München ADD TO STORE

Area

UPLOAD PHOTOS

50 m

+49 (0) 89 23322583

ripen

Condition: ripe Price: 2.0 €/kg There are 57 portions left on this location.

ADD

ADD TO CART

Location

RADISH

ArnulfstrasseCondition: 15, 80636 ripeMünchen

SEED SHOP

Price: 6.0 €/kg There are 19 portions left on this location.

Arnulfstraße 61, 80636 München

Renting Period

+49 (0) 89 23322583

ADD TO CART

July, 2020 - July, 2021 (12 months)

CHECK CART

ripen:

BUY

MY PROFILE

Map

ARNI´S GARDEN

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

START FARMING

MY PROFILE

ripen:

ADD TO STORE

UPLOAD PHOTOS

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING

ADD TO STORE

Space: 50.0 m2

DISCOVER

BUY FRESH NOW

START FARMING DISCOVER

ripen

IN TOTAL: UPLOAD PHOTOS

Price: 15€/month

CONFIRM

MY PROFILE

BUY FRESHMY NOW PROFILE

MY FARMLAND

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

180 €

BUY

ADD

START FARMING

BUY FRESH NOW

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

STA

START FARMING

BUY FRESH NOW

DISCOVER

MY PROFILE

STAR

53 PAY WITH

ROFILE

ARNI´S GARDEN

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

PAY WITH

+49 (0) 89 23322583

Credit Card

Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

 Pay

Apple Pay

Condition: ripe Condition: ripe Price: 3.0 €/kg Price: 3.0 €/kg There are 34 portions left on this location. There are 34 portions left on this location.

GO AND GET YOURSELF (free)

Condition: ripe Condition: ripe Price: 4.0 €/kg Price: 4.0 €/kg There are 3 portions left on this location.There are 3 portions left on this location. ADD TO CART

ADD TO CART

POTATOS

ripen:

Condition: ripe Condition: ripe Price: 2.0 €/kg Price: 2.0 €/kg UPLOAD PHOTOS ADD TO STORE UPLOAD PHOTOS There are 57 portions left on this location.There are 57 portions left on this location. ADD TO CART

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RADISH

Condition: ripe Condition: ripe Price: 6.0 €/kg Price: 6.0 €/kg There are 19 portions left on this location.There are 19 portions left on this location. ADD TO CART

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ripen:

PURCHASES

SAVED CARBO SAVED CARBON DIOXIDE HISTORY

78%

GO AND GET YOURSELF (free)

78%

64%

CARROTS

Store Nr.: AR-03-2020 Kilograms: - 2.0 + Price: 3.0 €/kg

Store Nr.: AR-03-2020 Kilograms: - 2.0 + 2.0 kg Price: 3.0 €/kg

POTATOS

Store Nr.: AR-06-2020 Kilograms: - 5.0 + Price: 2.0 €/kg

Store Nr.: AR-06-2020 Kilograms: - 5.0 + 5.0 kg Price: 2.0 €/kg

RADISH

Store Nr.: AR-03-2020 Kilograms: - 1.0 + Price: 6.0 €/kg

Store Nr.: AR-03-2020 Kilograms: - 1.0 + 1.0 kg Price: 6.0 €/kg

2.0 kg

080

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1.0 kg

Arni Mustermann Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München

Arni Musterman Helmholtzstraße 80636 München

+49 (0) 89 23322583

+49 (0) 89 2332

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78%

64%

32%

100

Arni Mustermann Helmholtzstraße 15 80636 München +49 (0) 89 23322583

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1090

5.0 kg

ripen:

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the social responsibility

Being Arnulfstrasse scored by several schools and several companies with several formative structures, the importance of integrating these elements in the dynamics that we seek to build, is crucial. For that we understand as a fundamental step the integration of these elements in the progressive and evolutionary practice of the agricultural structure that we study along the whole street. At this point, factors such as social responsibility, educational service, commitment and education arise. To do so, we seek to integrate these dimensions in various ways into the structure that we seek to produce through the commitment that these entities must make to actively contribute to the life of the street, not only from the financial point of view, in the case of companies, but also from the point of view of human resources. In this way our proposal, from the social point of view, includes not only children, workers from these companies as well as those who have been marginalized (e.g. migrants, drug addicts, unemployed, etc.) and who seek a stimulus. Thus, more than integration into the community, the social dimension of this project seeks to integrate these people into the labour market and into the selfsufficiency of the city in which they live, having the possibility of producing and consuming their own food. Sustainability is thus combined with solidarity. From the point of view of education, we think that the integration of these entities is pertinent, since issues such as recycling, composting, sustainability, and selfproduction should be addressed more than in a theoretical context, in a practical context. The presence and growth with these realities is an essential factor for the dissemination of this idea and for its implementation either in other moments in the city or in other cities.

On the other hand, most companies already present plans for social responsibility and community cooperation, which easily leads to the integration of these issues within their own organisational structure. Stimuli such as "teamworking", "sharing skills", or concerns such as "building emission", "ecological footprint", decarbonisation, can thus be easily transported to the communities where these companies are inserted, in this case for the practice of selfsustainable and community agriculture. However, in addition to all the parties mentioned here, educational institutions and companies, which directly benefit the consumption of food produced in the street, are both obeying a point of civil responsibility that seeks to create a safeguard, a reserve of food that is intended for a third party, those mentioned initially and which due to various vicissitudes has no possibility of purchase. In addition to the benefits from the point of view of learning and entrepreneurship, they all contribute to a community and social benefit.

WhereÂ´s Arni?

Hi, my name is Arni. Try to find me, if you can...

Arni is our character capable of giving you information on all kinds of things. Like the classic game "Where's Wally?" along with the drawings and the logbook, we launched the challenge of finding Arni and knowing more about each topic, he will be able to inform you and clarify our research and our processes through texts, diagrams, drawings, etc. GSEducationalVersion

To do this you just have to point your smartphone camera to one of the QRCodeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and you will be transferred for all the information. You can find the QRCode's in all the drawings in the most hidden as in the most expected places. We challenge you to find them.

good luck!

GSEducationalVersion

how did the trafic look like here before ?

out of which material are these pots made of ?

GSEducationalVersion

what´s about the transportation?

48°08'35.2"N 11°33'02.5"E

GSEducationalVersion

with which infrastructure is the area supplied?

GSEducationalVersion

whatÂ´s the social structur e of arnulfstrasse?

why are there solarpanels on the roof ?

GSEducationalVersion

what is growing here?

48°08'34.0"N 11°32'45.9"E

GSEducationalVersion

whatÂ´s about the history?

GSEducationalVersion

what are the basic needs for a sustainable Arnulfstrasse?

how noisey was the area of Arnulfstrasse before?

how did it look here?

48Â°08'28.7"N 11Â°33'38.3"E

GSEducationalVersion

how does the aquaponic system actually work? whatÂ´s happening in this huge building?

whatÂ´s the local perspec tiv

ESTO

THE MANIF

how did it look here?

ion

ionalVers

GSEducat

48°08'46.3"N 11°32'15.5"E

GSEducationalVersion

is there any educational service?

what are the basic needs of a family of 3?

What are they harvesting?

GSEducationalVersion

what is this guy delivering?

what does it mean to grow vegetables in the city?

48Â°08'48.1"N 11Â°31'58.7"E

GSEducationalVersion

which facilities are locate d here?

in which important part of munich am I?

what´s about the air quality in germany?

48°08'25.3"N 11°33'32.5"E

the process of the proposal

The production process of the proposal now before us is essentially based on three essential moments. The first is characterized by the identification of the determining elements in the street structure motivated by the programmatic question of the exercise. In this first phase, it was possible to identify the historical, circumstantial, atmospheric, programmatic and human values along the street, thus determining its essential and important values for the suffrage and scrutiny that would take place in a second phase. Thus, this second phase is characterized by the way each proposal would interpret the initial conclusions of the phase exercise. In a first approach, the identification of the most determining structures in the context of the street was the crucial step for the awareness of their role and their importance in the dynamics that would take place if the street ran out of cars. Going through the first proposal of identification and communication of these elements through a more direct approach with "urbanization the air" we would come to propose a communicative structure that synthesizes these elements freeing the street for the spontaneous development that the absence of cars would trigger to the human dynamics. However, the unpredictability resulting from this spontaneous development did not make this idea developable but did not make it less important for its reference in the procedural structure. In a third phase, with the emergence of agriculture as a possible theme for the spontaneous development of acquisition/ adaptation/communication/relationship of human activities with the street structure, it became possible to gradually answer the questions of the themes addressed in the previous phases. Agriculture emerged in this way as a communicative structure capable of serving the community as if it

were a new layer - in the first phase in a more literal sense with the proposal of creating a second street level, and in a second phase in a more intellectual sense from a behavioural point of view. At this point, it is important to mention the identification of the three great atmospheres present along the street that would be the determinants for the structuring and proposal of three programmatic scenarios. After the identification of the needs present in each of these areas, a response was established, always based on the project bases of the creation of participative agriculture, thus arising the first elements of effective implementation of the idea. Its development was having several determining moments in its mode of consolidation, not having, however, been distorted of its essential values. From the graphic point of view, it is still important to refer how the graphic stain has always remained constant from its aesthetic point of view, thus being possible to establish a communicative and natural reading of the gradual progress of the ideas developed, although these elements present a clear evolution in the addition of details and details as the project develops and demands. In retrospective we can thus understand the way in which the whole project has always returned based on factors of extreme cultural importance and has always struggled to respond and characterize the semantics of identity and character, having adapted to this an idea that would be agglomerative enough for not only the response to these elements but also to the needs that would arise in the absence of cars.

the history

The Arnulfstraße is a 3.8 km long urban street in Munich. It leads from the Bahnhofplatz in the Ludwigsvorstadt through the Maxvorstadt (north of the railway) west to Romanplatz in Neuhausen. Over the Hackerbrücke, there is a connection to the Landsberger Straße, which runs parallel to the south of the railway tracks. Until 1983, the tram line 3 drove through the Arnulfstraße. It was initially diverted in the course of the Munich S-Bahn construction and then shut down. In 1996, the tram service was reopened on the Arnulfstraße with the line number 17. The street is named after the third son of Prince Regent Luitpold, who lived from 1852 to 1907. Arnulf of Bavaria was regimental commander of the infantry body regiment in the Leiberkaserne which was officially called "Prince Arnulf-Kaserne". The barracks was called "Türkenkaserne" by the population, because it was located at the " Türkenstraße". until 1890 the Arnulfstraße was called "Salzstraße". The new Leiberkaserne was officially called "Prinz Arnulf-Kaserne", but in the vernacular it was called Türkenkaserne because it was located on the Türkenstraße. It is the name giver of Arnulfstrasse in Munich (which was called Salzstrasse until 1890, after the salt trade to which Munich owes its foundation). Max Högg, the chief musician of the Infantry Leib Regiment, dedicated a march to him, the Prince Arnulf March, which is still played today by the Bundeswehr Music Corps. The Arnulfstraße 2 accommodates the Hotel Deutscher Kaiser, the number 3 the Kinder- und Jugendmuseum München (Children and Youth Museum Munich), the number 21 the Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof München (central bus station Munich), numbers 42/44 house the main building of the Bayerischer Rundfunk (Bavarian broadcasting) and

number 52 is the Augustiner cellar. The building on Arnulfstraße 19 was the former Bundesbahn-Zentralamt (Federal Railroad Central Office) Müchnen. The houses with the numbers 107-163 (the odd numbers) belong to the 1928-1929 built post-settlement of the Bavarian Post and Telegraph Association. The Arnulfstraße 195 is the listed railway building of the parcel post office. At Arnulfstraße 294 stood the 2017 burned Kulturpavillon on Romanplatz. In the immediate vicinity of the road lies the Arnulfpark and the Hirschgarten. Arnulfstraße is home to sculpture X by artist Isa Genzken and lighting by Michael Friederichsen.

Source | Wikipedia

GSEducationalVersion

the supply

GROCERIES

MEDICAL FACILITIES

EDUCATION INSTITUTES

establishments:

cafĂŠ/restaurants/su-

medical practices

kindergardens

permarket

hospitals

secondary school

pharmacies

highschools

3 elementary schools

4 colleges

N S

ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES

establishments:

2 cinemas

HOTELS

establishments:

26 hotels

5 theatres

Hotels

Ämter

Haltestellen

Wohnen

Hotels Kulturgebäude

Ämter DB Gebäude

Parkgebäude

Wohnen Sakralgebäude

Kulturgebäude Bildungseinric

Parkgebäude

Sakralgebäude

chtungen

Industrie

Gewerbe

Haltestellen Büros

Industrie

DB Gebäude

Büros

Gewerbe

Bildungseinrichtungen

the transportation

PEDESTRIAN

BIKE

CAR

BUS

operator:

operator

terminus:

non-motorised private transport

private persons/residentials offices around arnulfpark/ ZOB/circus krone

non-motorised private transport private persons/residentials romanplatz/hirschgarten/ city centre

motorised private transport

private persons/residentials romanplatz/hirschgarten/ city centre/western city

distance publi

Flixbus/DB Bu

terminus

ZOB Hackerbr

weekdays:

weekday

~6.327

~1096

~17.761

~280

transits/day

transits/da

weekends:

weekend

~3.784

~398

~9.500

~320

transits/day

transits/da

frequenz in 24h:

frequenz in 2

space consumption:

space consu

4,5m

3,0m

15,0m

sport

ntials

en/ y

BUS

distance public transport

operator:

TRUCK

TRAM NR.16/17

operator:

public goods transport

public transportation

Flixbus/DB Bus/...

Deutsche Post/DHL/ Spaten-Löwenbräu-Gruppe

terminus:

spaten/löwenbräu/ briefzentrum

16 romanplatz/effnerplatz 17 amalienburg/st. emmeran

weekdays:

~280

~1.208

404

transits/day

weekends:

~320

~476

386

transits/day

frequenz in 24h:

space consumption:

15,0m

6,0m

ZOB Hackerbrücke

Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft

terminus:

the atmosphere 73.24 dB(A)

72.54 dB(A)

71.99 dB(A) 73.59 dB(A)

82.18 dB(A) 72.53 dB(A)

55.38 dB(A)

55.10 dB(A)

74.25 dB(A)

73.57 dB(A)

90.50 dB(A)

73.24 dB(A)

74.00 dB(A)

75.14 dB(A) 75.21 dB(A) 55.26 dB(A)

72.54 dB(A)

73.

72.65 dB(A)

67.98 dB(A)

57.94 dB(A) 55.49 dB(A)

73.59 dB(A)

69.31 dB(A)

76.15 dB(A)

71.78 dB(A)

55.13 dB(A)

71.99 dB(A) 64.64 dB(A)

57.37 dB(A)

71.91 dB(A)

75.21 dB(A)

82.18 dB(A) 70.96 dB(A)

72.53 dB(A)

55.38 dB(A)

70.04 dB(A) 65.27 dB(A)

55.10 dB(A)

70.28 dB(A)

74.25 dB(A)

70.33 dB(A) 70.32 dB(A)

73.57 dB(A)

70.89 dB(A)

90.50 dB(A) 74.00 dB(A)

75.14 dB(A) 75.21 dB(A) 55.26 dB(A)

69.31 dB(A)

76.15 dB(A)

65.64 dB(A)

73.

72.65 dB(A)

67.98 dB(A)

71.78 dB(A)

55.13 dB(A)

57.94 dB(A) 55.49 dB(A)

64.64 dB(A)

57.37 dB(A)

71.91 dB(A)

75.21 dB(A)

70.96 dB(A)

59.65

70.04 dB(A) 65.27 dB(A)

70.28 dB(A) 70.33 dB(A)

70.32 dB(A)

70.89 dB(A)

65.64 dB(A)

59.65

62.75 dB(A)

63.30 dB(A)

65.43 dB(A) 62.95 dB(A)

72.55 dB(A) 63.36 dB(A)

50.83 dB(A)

63.28 dB(A)

64.26 dB(A)

79.59 dB(A)

62.75 dB(A)

64.08 dB(A)

65.60 dB(A) 65.42 dB(A)

63.30 dB(A)

62.6

63.90 dB(A)

58.96 dB(A)

65.63 dB(A)

65.43 dB(A)

50.00 dB(A)

62.95 dB(A)

63.99 dB(A)

66.58 dB(A)

55.58 dB(A)

50.92 dB(A)

62.47 dB(A)

65.37 dB(A)

72.55 dB(A) 61.95 dB(A)

63.36 dB(A)

60.59 dB(A) 52.47 dB(A)

50.83 dB(A)

60.10 dB(A)

63.28 dB(A)

60.67 dB(A) 62.91 dB(A)

64.26 dB(A)

60.63 dB(A)

79.59 dB(A) 64.08 dB(A)

65.60 dB(A) 65.42 dB(A)

63.99 dB(A)

66.58 dB(A)

61.73 dB(A)

62.6

63.90 dB(A)

58.96 dB(A)

65.63 dB(A)

50.00 dB(A) 55.58 dB(A)

50.92 dB(A)

62.47 dB(A)

61.95 dB(A)

65.37 dB(A) 60.59 dB(A)

52.47 dB(A)

50.91 60.10 dB(A) 60.67 dB(A)

62.91 dB(A)

60.63 dB(A)

61.73 dB(A)

50.91

GSEducationalVersion

.79 dB(A)

55.24 dB(A)

72.74 dB(A)

72.79 dB(A)

71.95 dB(A)

75.39 dB(A)

71.20 dB(A) 68.43 dB(A)

.79 dB(A) 72.84 dB(A) 70.82 dB(A) 55.24 dB(A)

70.44 dB(A)

72.74 dB(A)

60.58 dB(A)

73.90 dB(A)

5 dB(A)

73.90 dB(A)

72.79 dB(A)

71.95 dB(A)

74.46 dB(A)

75.39 dB(A)

71.20 dB(A)

61.93 dB(A)

68.43 dB(A)

72.25 dB(A)

72.84 dB(A) 70.82 dB(A) 70.44 dB(A)

60.58 dB(A)

73.80 dB(A) 73.90 dB(A)

5 dB(A)

73.90 dB(A)

74.46 dB(A)

61.93 dB(A)

72.25 dB(A)

73.80 dB(A)

62 dB(A)

51.09 dB(A)

63.46 dB(A)

61.68 dB(A)

61.88 dB(A)

65.46 dB(A)

61.27 dB(A) 58.40 dB(A)

62 dB(A) 62.47 dB(A) 60.71 dB(A) 51.09 dB(A)

60.19 dB(A)

63.46 dB(A)

52.82 dB(A)

64.08 dB(A)

1 dB(A)

61.68 dB(A)

61.88 dB(A)

62.79 dB(A)

65.46 dB(A)

61.27 dB(A)

50.90 dB(A)

58.40 dB(A)

62.34 dB(A)

62.47 dB(A) 60.71 dB(A) 52.82 dB(A)

60.19 dB(A)

61.03 dB(A) 64.08 dB(A)

1 dB(A)

62.79 dB(A)

50.90 dB(A)

62.34 dB(A)

61.03 dB(A)

"Die Daten beinhalten die Berechnungsergebnisse der Umgebungslärmkartierung 2017 an den Hauptverkehrsstraßen in Bayern. Außerhalb von Ballungsräumen sind dies alle Autobahnen, Bundes- und Staatsstraßen, die gemäß Verkehrszählung 2015 eine Verkehrsbelastung von mehr als 3 Mio. Kraftfahrzeugen pro Jahr aufweisen. Dies entspricht einer durchschnittlichen täglichen Verkehrsstärke (DTV) von mehr als 8.200 Kfz pro Tag. Innerhalb von Ballungsräumen sind dies alle Straßen mit einer DTV von mehr als 8.200 Kfz pro Tag. Die Lärmindizes LDEN und LNight in dB(A) werden als Maß für die allgemeine Belästigung bzw. als Maß für die Störungen des Schlafes verwendet. Der Pegel LDEN ist ein über 24 Stunden gemittelter Immissionspegel, der aus den Pegeln LDay, LEvening und LNight für die Beurteilungszeiten Tag (6:00-18:00 Uhr), Abend (18:00-22:00 Uhr) und Nacht (22:00-6:00 Uhr) ermittelt wird. Durch Gewichtsfaktoren von 5 dB(A) für die vierstündige Abendzeit und 10 dB(A) für die achtstündige Nachtzeit wird die erhöhte Lärmempfindlichkeit in diesen Zeiten berücksichtigt." "The data includes the calculation results of the environmental noise mapping 2017 on the main roads in Bavaria. Outside metropolitan areas, these are all motorways, federal and state roads, which, according to the 2015 traffic census, have a traffic load of more than 3 million vehicles per year. This corresponds to ander average daily traffic volume (DTV) of "Die Daten beinhalten die Berechnungsergebnisse Umgebungslärmkartierung 2017 an moreHauptverkehrsstraßen than 8,200 vehicles per Within metropolitan these are allsind roads with a den in day. Bayern. Außerhalb von areas, Ballungsräumen dies alle DTV of more than 8,200 vehicles per day. The noise and LNight in2015 dB (A)eine are Autobahnen, Bundesund Staatsstraßen, die indices gemäß LDEN Verkehrszählung used as a measure of the general annoyance or as a measure of the disturbances of sleep. Verkehrsbelastung von mehr als 3 Mio. Kraftfahrzeugen pro Jahr aufweisen. Dies The level LDEN is a 24-hour averaged immission level consisting of the levels LDay, entspricht einer durchschnittlichen täglichen Verkehrsstärke (DTV) von mehr als 8.200 Kfz LEvening and LNight the assessment times day 00-18: mit 00), einer evening pro Tag. Innerhalb vonfor Ballungsräumen sind dies alle(6:Straßen DTV(18: von00-22: mehr 00) als and 00-6:Die 00).Lärmindizes Weighting factors 5 dB (A) for 4-hour evening time für anddie 10 8.200night Kfz (22 pro : Tag. LDEN of und LNight in the dB(A) werden als Maß dB (A) for the 8-hour nighttime account forStörungen the increased noise sensitivity during these allgemeine Belästigung bzw. als Maß für die des Schlafes verwendet. Der Pegel times." LDEN ist ein über 24 Stunden gemittelter Immissionspegel, der aus den Pegeln LDay, LEvening und LNight für die Beurteilungszeiten Tag (6:00-18:00 Uhr), Abend (18:00-22:00 Quelle / Source BayerischesUhr) Landesamt Umwelt Uhr) und Nacht (22:00-6:00 ermitteltfür wird. Durch Gewichtsfaktoren von 5 dB(A) für die vierstündige Abendzeit und 10 dB(A) für die achtstündige Nachtzeit wird die erhöhte Lärmempfindlichkeit in diesen Zeiten berücksichtigt." "The data includes the calculation results of the environmental noise mapping 2017 on the main roads in Bavaria. Outside metropolitan areas, these are all motorways, federal and state roads, which, according to the 2015 traffic census, have a traffic load of more than 3 million vehicles per year. This corresponds to an average daily traffic volume (DTV) of more than 8,200 vehicles per day. Within metropolitan areas, these are all roads with a DTV of more than 8,200 vehicles per day. The noise indices LDEN and LNight in dB (A) are used as a measure of the general annoyance or as a measure of the disturbances of sleep. The level LDEN is a 24-hour averaged immission level consisting of the levels LDay, LEvening and LNight for the assessment times day (6: 00-18: 00), evening (18: 00-22: 00) and night (22 : 00-6: 00). Weighting factors of 5 dB (A) for the 4-hour evening time and 10 dB (A) for the 8-hour nighttime account for the increased noise sensitivity during these times."

40 50 60 70 80 90 dB(A)

7:51pm

71-73dB

8ºC

7:52pm

8ºC

7:53pm

70-72dB

8ºC

8:00pm

63dB

10ºC

67dB

8:50pm

6ºC

66-67dB

Arnulfstrasse 130, Munich | 29/10/2019

Bus 64, Munich | 29/10/2019

Luisenstrasse,Munich | 29/10/2019

The entrance to the highway is quite busy.

Compared to the east side of the main axis, this

It is easy to see the difference in movement and

Again, I realized that transport has a lot of

A lot of traffic in the west - east direction.

area is not very busy. Since it is an essentially

atmosphere between these two areas. Once

affluence in this area.

residential area and already after the main

again there is a smell of food coming from the

access axes (motorway), the atmosphere is

existing restaurants, at street level.

calmer.

8:53pm

6ºC

62dB

8:55pm

6ºC

62dB

8:56pm

6ºC

8:56pm

58dB

6ºC

55dB

8:58pm

6ºC

64-76dB

Arnulfstrasse 1, Munich | 30/10/2019

DB Haupbahnhof 5-36, Munich | 30/10/2019

Reduced movement of bicycles but lots of

There’s a big flow of people in this area.

Here you can see how people move in and out

In the station the flow of movement of people

The walks are narrow for the amount of people

movement of people getting off the subway

Sometimes it is complicated to move to

of the city. The importance of this space for the

is quite unpredictable. Given the fact that it is

who move here. The accumulation of bicycles

and moving to Tram. In the air there’s a very

the other side of the street because of the

mobility of the city is of extreme importance. In

located on a platform above the street, it is

and the proximity of buses do not help mobility.

movement.

the air there is a smell coming from the bakeries

possible to feel a difference in noise and clarity.

complicated, intense smell, but it’s very difficult to target.

11:15pm

in the station.

10ºC

56-57dB

11:30pm

8ºC

63-66dB

7:30pm

9ºC

60-63dB

7:30pm

9ºC

60-63dB

7:35pm

9ºC

58-60dB

Hackerbrucke 4, 80335, Munich | 23/10/2019

Landsberg Strasse, 80339, Munich | 26/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 2, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 10, Munich | 29/10/2019

A lot of movement at the station. It is time for

Few people on the street but many people

A lot of movement because it’s late afternoon.

Sidewalks are small for so many bikes. There is

As is to be expected, near the metro and train

the maintenance of trains and many arrivals and

in transport. The light is no more than that of

Given the proximity to the metro station one

an enormous abundance of transport here.

stations, there are a greater number of shops

departures. At night there are many homeless

lamps and shop windows.

feels an intense chiero the food. There is a lot of

in this area.

7:35pm

and restaurants.

traffic mainly in the west - east direction.

9ºC

58dB

7:35pm

9ºC

64-67dB

7:35pm

9ºC

7:35pm

68dB

9ºC

68dB

7:35pm

9ºC

61-63dB

Arnulfstrasse 16, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse/Seidlstrasse, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 42, Munich | 29/10/2019

The light on the street is little, again, much of

| Close to Seidlstrasse there is again a lot of

As we move away from the stations (metro and

This is essentially a passageway. The shops

It’s essentially a service area that doesn’t

the light comes from the shops.

movement, especially in cars. The noise and

train) fewer people start to appear and more

begin to disappear and a neutral zone starts

have much movement at night. There is no

traffic lights add to the noise and lights of the

cars.

here.

particularity about this space.

train making this area a uncomfortable.

8:58pm

6ºC

78-80dB

9:00pm

6ºC

78-80dB

9:00pm

6ºC

78-80dB

9:00pm

6ºC

66-67dB

9:00pm

75-76dB

6ºC

Arnulfstrasse 5, Munich | 30/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse /Seidlstrasse, Munich | 30/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 7, Munich | 30/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse, Munich | 30/10/2019

At the beginning of the axis, there are quite

As at different times of the day, this crossing is

There is a greater influx of vehicles crossing the

The lack of bicycle lanes on this section and

Since it is an area with many hotels and close to

often moments of works that do not contribute

very busy and with a lot of traffic. At this time

Arnulfstrasse than running through it.

the freedom with which motorists park greatly

the train station there is a large influx of taxis.

to a good atmosphere.

there is a huge affluence of good lorries, trucks

limits the movement.

However, the deficient urban design limits its

and bicycles, phase to the number of comercial

entry and exit, causing a critical point in traffic.

vehicles.

The high concentration of Taxis in this area causes a lot of noise.

8:55pm

6ºC

65dB

Hauptbahnhof Nord, Munich | 30/10/2019

3:54pm

8ºC

65dB

XXXXXXX, Munich | 31/10/2019

3:56pm

8ºC

60dB

3:40pm

8ºC

43dB

XXXXXXX, Munich | 31/10/2019

3:41pm

43dB

8ºC

XXXXXXX, Munich | 31/10/2019

Since it is one of the most important stations in the city there is a large and constant concentration of people in this area. The patterns of noise, smell, and movement are inconstant and sometimes difficult to pinpoint.

7:36pm

10ºC

70dB

7:40pm

9ºC

75dB

7:42pm

8ºC

61dB

7:43pm

8ºC

50dB

7:44pm

49dB

8ºC

Tram, Arnulfstrasse, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse /Marsstrasse, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 104A - 114, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 59, Munich | 29/10/2019

Compared to the streets, transportation is very

Again, near the intersections, there’s a greater

With the proximity of the hotels, a greater flow

busy here. There are people of all ages, who

influx of cars. And with this an increase in noise.

Given the time, there’s little movement here.

There’s no street lighting. The existing one

of people is starting to emerge again, but a

With the school and offices closed you can

comes mainly from the buildings that limit the

from fatigue seem to have been from work and

decrease in the flow of cars. The smell of food

see that this area is essentially a daytime area.

area. Even so, the area still feels safe.

are going home.

and warmth are more felt in this area, especially

Compared to the main axis in this area there are

near the entrances.

plenty of parking spaces.

7:46pm

8ºC

50dB

7:46pm

8ºC

56dB

7:50pm

8ºC

66dB

7:50pm

8ºC

65dB

7:50pm

8ºC

74-80dB

Luise - Ullrich - Strasse 4, Munich | 29/10/2019

Arnulfstrasse 61, Munich | 29/10/2019

Donnersbergerbrucke, Munich | 29/10/2019

In the time I’ve been here, I haven’t seen a

Compared to the daytime, this square is little

At the crossroads, there is an increase in noise

From the time I’ve been in this area, I’ve only

The bridge amplifies the noise of the cars.

car drive down this street. The fact that it’s a

crossed. Most of the movement takes place at

as well as visual pollution. It is even a little

seen two people cross this area. The poor

The movement is very fast and the smell is

street essentially destined for Mercedes means

the intersection. The geometry of the square

stressful at this point. The confluence of many

public lighting is uninviting. Again, the light

essentially from the same cars.

that when the shop/workshop closes, the area

amplifies the sound of the cars, buses, tram and

things, quite constantly throughout the day,

comes mostly from the store.

closes with it.

bicycles that come together at this point.

makes this space complicated to inhabit.

the local perspective

Carolin, 46 Landschaftsarchitektin, Mitarbeiterin bei Vermesser Fährt mit dem Rad oder der ÖPNV die 10km zur Arbeit, wie auch die Mehrheit ihrer Kollegen. Mittagzeit verbringen sie meist auf der Donnersbergerstrasse. Unternehmen bezahlt für Mitarbeiter Fahrradverträge und ÖPNV Tickets. Sie verbringt Raucherpausen mit Blick auf die Kreuzung und hat schon viele brenzlige Situationen gesehen zwischen Fussgängern, Bussen und Radfahrerer. Kann sich eine Verkehrsberuhigung vorstellen. Sieht Potentiale im weiteren Ausbau des öffentlichen Nachverkerhrs und nennt Zürich als gutes Beispiel mit der Verkürzung des Taktes und dem damit gestiegenen Fahrgastzahlen. Erhofft sich die kontinuirliche Verbannung privater Autos aus der Stadt.

Urban Design

Take Back the Streets!

Anna Soller, 59 Inhaberin des Schuh und Sportladen Stumpfer. Fährt die 10km mit dem Lieferwagen zur Arbeit. Unternehmen besteht seit 1955 und vertreibt hauptsächlich Sportartikel in grossen Stückzahlen an Vereine. Es gibt ein paar Stammkunden aus dem Viertel. Sie macht die Mittagspause immer im Laden. Steht der Autofreien Arnulfstrasse skeptisch gegenüber. Kann sich nicht vorstellen, dass die Bewohnenr auf Autos verzichten. Aber ist für mehr Grünräume, Kinder und Tiere. Ist für eine Mischkalkulation Mitgleid beim FC Bayern. Das Ladengeschäft ist seit 60 Jahren gemietet. Sieht den Wachstum in Neuhausen

Interviews / 06.11.2019

Lukas, 26 Autoverkäufer bei Mercedes in der Abteilung für die Smarts Kommt jeden Tag mit dem eigenen Auto zur Arbeit, wie die Mehrheit seiner Kollegen auch. Ist der Meinung, dass der Nahverkehr nicht den nötigen Komfort anbietet. Er wohnt 10 Km von der Arbeit entfernt. Die nächste S-Bahn Haltestelle ist mit 10 Minuten Gehdistanz zu weit weg. Steht der autofreien Stadt sehr kritisch gegenüber da die Autoindustrie von der Umsätzen abhängig ist. Die kleinen Modell wie der E-Smart sind sehr nachgefragt, meist als Zweitwagen. Das Unternehme bietet am Stadtort kostenlose Parkplätze an, keine Unterstützung für die ÖPNV oder Fahrräder. Essen geht er meist in der Hauseigenen Catine oder holt sich was bei den nahegelegenen Lebensmittelgeschäften. In den neuen Arnulfpark geht er nur manchmal wenn die Foodtrucks da sind.

Markus, 49 Lagerlogistik dienst. Wohnt nahe Hinterhof. Te ter. Fährt fas Ist sehr an d kehrs interss 40 Tonner au Ist für die Ein ren die auch gemeinscha können, wie Geldbußen o fahrer, die al durch die Sta Güter sollen ausserhalb d elektrisch an oder Radkur aber nur mit

edes in der ts em eigenen Mehrheit st der Meikehr nicht nbietet. Er rbeit entahn Halten Gehdistanz autofreien enüber da er Ume kleinen t sind sehr Zweitwagen. am Stadätze an, r die ÖPNV geht er en Catine den nahegeeschäften. k geht er e Foodt-

Markus, 49 Lagerlogistiker arbeitet im Schichtdienst. Wohnt nahe der Arnulfstrasse zum Hinterhof. Teilt sich Auto mit Mutter. Fährt fast immer mit der ÖPNV. Ist sehr an der Reduktion des Verkehrs interssiert. Würde die 30 und 40 Tonner aus der Stadt verbannen. Ist für die Einführung von Busspuren die auch von Taxis und Fahrgemeinschaften genutzt werden können, wie in Californien. Ist für Geldbußen oder Steurern bei Autofahrer, die alleine in großen Autos durch die Stadt fahren. Waren und Güter sollen von zentralen Depots ausserhalb der Stadt mit kleine elektrisch angetrieben Fahrzeugen oder Radkurieren geliefert werden, aber nur mit Ökostrom tanken.

Wilhem, Ingrid 65,77 Rentnerin, Marinesoldat im Ruhestand aus Rocco, 42, Elekrotechniker Pappenburg Anwohner nahe der Arnulfstrasse Ist regelmässig Gast bei Freunmit Wohnung imzu Erdgeschoss. den in München. Suchteund nach Leiden unter Feinstaub dem einem neuen Modell beiSie Mercedes. Schmutz des Verkehrs. besitFährt lange immer mit zen kein AutoStrecken und machen alles demden Zug. Zuhause oft mit dem mit öffentlichen Verkersmitteln Fahrrad findet das und dem unterwegs. Rad. FindenErdie Gegend wohnen aufgut dem Land besser schon sehr angebunden und als in der Stadt. der Meinung, würden sich eineIst Verkehrsberuhigdass die Stadt möglichst te Arnulfstraße wünschen.Autofrei gehalten werden soll. Hält nichts von Elektroautos, eher Hybrid. In Heimatstadt wurde vor einiger Zeit auch der Verkehr aus der Innenstadt verbannt. Verbesserung der Lebensqaulität gerade für ältere Leute. Neue Geschäfte haben sich angesiedelt.

Urban Design

Take Back the Streets!

Walther 85, Rentner Elisabet 80, Rentnerin Wohnen seit nicht all zu langer Zeit im Viertel. Gehen oft spazieren und finden die Strasse zu laut. Sie Bewegens sich immer nur in einem kleinen Umkreis, da alles schlecht erschlosssen ist. Finden die Vorstellung einer Strasse ohne Verkehr eine Gute.

Interviews / 06.11.2019

Hans Taxif Woh Arnu Ist fü Stad verso Kind zu m Grun niedr der P Verb kung gute seine Muss Ist fü te Be der S des V

Amid, 27 Kellner in der Shishabar an der Arnulfstrasse. Wohnhaft in Dachau. Kommt immer mit dem Auto zur Arbeit. Kann sich nicht vorstellen dass die Straße ganz Autofrei ist. Findet aber eine Beruhigung gut. Die Gäste kommen meist aus dem Viertel und der näheren Umgebung.

Urban Design

Take Back the Streets!

Maria, 38 Mutter zweier Kinder Wohnt in der Nähe der Donnersberger Brücke. Findet dass die Gegend extrem schlecht mit Kindern und dem Kinderwagen zugänglich ist. Bewegt sich daher meinst nur in ihrem Viertel selbst. Dort gibt es dann die Kita und den Kindergarten und einen Spielplatz. Könnte sich eine autofreie Arnulfstrasse vorstellen wenn es Ausweichmöglichkeiten in Form von Nahverkehr und Parkplätzen an zentraler Stelle gibt.

Interviews / 06.11.2019

Mikael, 24 Möbelfachverkäufer im Familienbetrieb und BWL-Student. Wohnt in Pasing und arbeitet in dem Polstergeschäft direkt an der Arnulfstraße. Kommt in der Regel mit der S-Bahn zur Arbeit, machmal auch mit dem Geschäftsauto. Kunden kommen zur Wahl und zum Testen ins Geschäft. Die Möbel werden dann aber nach hause geliefert. Findet dass man in der Gegend schlecht parken kann, was auch blöd für die Kunden ist. Er schätzt U-Bahnen sehr, da sie hohen Komfort und schnelle Verbindungen anbietet, leider gibt keinen Anschluss zum Geschäft. Er sieht die Zunkunft weder im Shared Space noch in der Verkehrsberuhigten Variante. Für ihn sind die Radfahrer an der Arnulfstaße das Problem, da sie meist die Regeln missachten und für die Unfälle verantwortlich sind. Er hat kein Verständnis für Busspuren, da die der Verkehr noch komplizierter machen und alles einengen.

Ram 55 Inhaber der R Bevorzugt ein Sieht kein bed änderung. Gä eine bessere Restaurant vo Arnulfstrasse

ße 60. auch auf Seit sÖPNV. as a freeutzt but er is alreagerne hlfstraße. über weiIt enes d. HeAuto never rd smoking, wird nur the nutzt. idea Kann of ut vorstellen opinion you ulfstreet. eisten Beng thenicht tramauf new ollen. space be used for In his opiniately stay in ree.

Zafer,20 48 Timo Owner Cafe zum Arnulfpark ArnulfstraAusbildung Lagerist ße der 41 Meinung die Situation soll Ist bleiben wie sie ist. Kann sich nicht In his opinion arnulfsteet would be vorstellen, dass die Stadt ohne much funktioniert better if it‘s car-free. On the Autos one hand, for his own business, because he could set up more tables and people would simply stay there longer and maybe buy more. But also for the children. We should create more space, that they play more on the street again, as he used to. He‘s from Kazakhstan and he spent every free minute on the road. But today all children are sitting in front of the computers or on the mobile phone. He thinks cars in the city are iúnnecessary anyway, because there are so many alternatives today with all the e-scooters and so on. Wanted to know whether there are already real plans.

Antonia 24 & Irina, 46 Sybille, 40 VWL Studentinteacher at EvangeKindergarden Wohnt der Arnulfstrasse. lischernahe Kindergarten ArnulfparkHat ihr Auto kurz nach dem Umzug Marlene-Dietrich-Straße 51 nach München verkauft und fährt seither ÖPNV find und itRad. sich Sybille would niceKann if there die Stadt ganzleft ohne nicht play were no cars andAutos you could vorstellen. Sieht jedoch starken with the kids. Does not think it reaHandlungsbedarf Stadt. Ist listic, because we bei alsoder need roads der AnwohnerparkandMeinung you have wenn to come to the city. plätze mit 60 Euro im Jahr nicht so billig gäbe esbecause nicht soone Irina canwären, not imagine, viele ÖPNVfor sollte Vorrang in needsAuto. the road the cars to get den into Straßen the city. haben. Die Arbeitsstelle des Freundes wurde aus der Innenstadt an den Stadtrand verlegt, nun ist er auf sein Auto angewiesen, weil die Pendelzeit mit den Öffentlichen sonst pro Tag drei Stunden beträgt.

Quirin Galina,22 60 Medizinstudent Resident at Arnulfpark

Mag Resi

Wohnt nahe der Paketposthalle Likes arnulfstreet, because she und fährt entweder dem always goes by trammit into theFahrcity. rad oder der Bahn zur Uni. Geht There is everything nearby. The in der Würde onlyGegend problemeinkaufen. is the parking in sich freuen wenn die Türemshe kommen. arnulfstreet, because has no Sieht großen Bedarf der Verdichparking in front of the house and tung in München. glaubt wenn therefore her son Er always parks in in Infrastrukturen arnulfstreet andbesser alwaysausgebaut gets traffic werden, dannare kann diealmost Innenstadt tickets. They then 15 ohne Das euros.Autos That funktionieren. is very expensive. Freizeitangebot ist only für ihn rund That would be the thing she um München would change.gut mit der Bahn erreichbar.

Alwa depa it is o spac play are b and sing good a par walk think more shop

Interviews / 06.11.2019

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Manfred, Sybille, 4055 & Irina, 46 DB Security Kindergarden teacher at Evangelischer Kindergarten Arnulfpark He always comes up here51to take a Marlene-Dietrich-Straße smoke. To him arnulfstreet is really chaoticwould and therefor thinks it would Sybille find it nice if there be good if there weren‘t any cars. were no cars left and you could play So people areDoes morenot relaxed with the kids. thinkand it realook out for thewe Tram. the listic, because alsoAnd needalso roads Taxidrivers, who are now always and you have to come to the city. annoyed by all the pedestrians and just cross theimagine, crosswalk, wouldone be Irina can not because gone. On the other hand he thinks needs the road for the cars to get if this into thearea city.would be car-free, there are going to be al lot of drunken people hanging around, since it‘s already happening, and he fears that there are going to be more fights and problems regarding trash.

l ed ady

rviews / 06.11.2019

Selina, 25 Galina, 60 Trainee atatdm drogerie Resident Arnulfpark

Jonas, 24 70 Magdalene, Homeless Resident at Maillingerstraße

Bernd, 45 Bus driver

Worksarnulfstreet, here for 3 months now. It is Likes because she a lot going on, since a lot of people always goes by tram into the city. are coming by on their way to the There is everything nearby. The main station. She‘s been told that only problem is the parking in there are accident happing withnothe arnulfstreet, because she has tram, cars and pedestrians parking in front of the housefrom and time to time. it would be therefore herSo sonmaybe always parks in good to reduce the traffic in this arnulfstreet and always gets traffic area. But sheare doesn‘t aprobtickets. They then have almost 15 lem with cars and doen‘t think euros. That is very expensive. it is necessary. doesn‘t really she know That wouldShe be the only thing the rest of arnulfstreet, so she would change. couldn‘t tell.

Jonas homeless since 19. He Alwaysiswalk with her doghe‘s at the changing places everyday, because department of finance, because of theone police. But henearby usuallygreen stays it is of the few close to the main-station, since spaces where she can safely gohe can everything there and there playget with him. Arnulf-& Marsstreet are lot because of people,they so chances areabad are very are loud good someone spares couple of and there are very fewasafe croscoins. sing possibilities. It would be very He thinks arnulfstreet is chaotic, good if arnulfstreet would become but for him it‘s good, because a park so that you could go fornoa one to stay he‘sBut walkwhants and play withthere, other so dogs. not send away. Sospace he could imagine thinks a shared would be arnulfstreet beeing more quite and more realistic because of all the green, but only if he‘s allowed to shops and hotels. stay there from time to time. And also a place for other homeless epople, where they can meet and warm up would be nice around the main station. But that would mean a chainge in society propably. Because main-stations are suppose to be a nice entrance into a city and so it doen‘t go together with the nice picture of munich if there are homeless people.

Bernd would a there weren‘t main-station a it‘s always cha running aroun always late an ally careful, si are waiting re due to little sp couldn‘t imag

nges café

e people ome over ak. In the s, but there eekend e are always

rse good cars becauto sit down come to t think it was pace. He k, because eeded. Shae combined

Victor, 35 Employee Arnulfstraße 56 Arnulfstreet is not good. The traffic is confusing, there are too many cars parked and there is too much traffic. As a result, cyclists and pedestrians have little space. Just before the Augustinerbräu it is much too narrow. He notices this every time they go there for lunch in the summer. He thinks Park is good, but thinks shared space is more practicable. In his opinion people would definitely stay in the Arnulfstraße, if there is the right program.

Niklas, 50 Owner Café Stockholm München Lämmerstraße 6 They have focused on the lunch menu and it is normallyvery full. It would not be a bad idea if arnulfstreet was car-free. But then you still have all the hotels that are a problem in this regard. Even in lämmerstreet it would not be bad. Because nothing is going on there. Next door, they have tried to make the pedestrian area a bit nicer, but nobody stays there. He also has a bench in front of the restaurant, where people like to sit down. He wanted to use the whole pedestrian path, but he was not allowed to because he had to be barrier-free. But it is not in itself, because the curb is not lowered. German bureaucracy.

Anja, 45 Pedestrian Hopfenstraße Works at Landgericht in marsstreet and is on her way to the tram. Arnulfstreet is of course a madness with the whole traffic. But for her, the tram is very good, so she is home quickly. When the wether is nice she makes lunch with colleagues on the square on marsstreet. Therefore, she could imagine that areas of arnulfstreet become a park. But she do not think the whole street, because it needs areas, such as the Donnersbergerbrücke, where you should go by car. But she could also imagine shared space.

the first idea The approach to agriculture was initially a utopian one, a moment of experience and a focus on the key issues that we would address. The mode of representation is reflective of that same dynamism and that unmeasured approach. The implementation of agricultural systems develops in this approach not in an integrated way with the street, but in a parallel way with its development. The unique opportunity of not having cars in the street space made us think that we could obtain a social space in it without having to intervene, thus developing, in a parallel way, another level capable of also developing socially, but without interfering in the former. It was, however, from this experience and from this emphasis on these elements that a gradual lapidary process was developed and proceeded to the project that now presents itself.

THE STREET

"Change is consummated in many cases after much argument and agitation, and men do not observe that almost everything has been silently effected by causes to which few people paid any heed. In one generation an institution is unassailable, in the next bold men may assail it, and in the third bold men defend it. At one time the most conclusive arguments are advanced against it in vain, if indeed they are allowed utterance at all. At another time the most childish sophistry is enough to secure its condemnation. In the first place, the institution, though probably indefensible by pure reason, was congruous with the conscious habits and modes of thought of the community. In the second these had changed from in fluences which the acutest analysis would probably fail to explain, and a breath sufficed to topple over the sapped structure." The Times, 27th November, 1891 Understand how Arnulfstrasse fits in and sets a good example for the implementation of this dynamic and the introduction of agriculture in an urban context. In other words, to better understand the potential of the theme of agriculture in the participation of the dynamics of Arnulfstrasse, whether in the ephemeral social dynamics (HBF, ZOB, companies and companies based in our street) as well as in the daily life of those who inhabit it. That is, to understand in what way the street being an important urban axis of connection with the exterior of the city, being accompanied in parallel by the railroad, being an important business place and being a housing place, can be subjected to gradual urbanization accompanied by this theme of agriculture. Integrate the methodologies of the "Green Cities" in a more urban context and more related to the street without losing the essential focus of the theme and without disassociating the primary character and entity of the area. In this way the work will develop taking

into account the potential of the railroad as an air channel and as a primordial place for the creation of fields of cultivation able not only to supply the city as well as to create a bag of fresh air capable of airing the city connecting it with its exterior; the next steps will also take into account how the street will relate to more intimate forms with the theme of agriculture as well as the objects that relate essentially to this theme - the old car structures that will now serve to explore the potential of vertical gardens and aquaponic systems; understand how the street can approach this theme of agriculture and build itself as a sustainable place from an economic point of view, being able to develop a regime of central economy where the production and sale of the elements is carried out in it thus creating a new dynamic and urban life - this always taking into account the impacts and differences in the daily life of those who live there (whether they are air quality, community work, the green space as recreational use, etc.).

"It is the purpose of this work to show how a first step can be taken in this direction by the construction of a Town-country magnet ; and I hope to convince the reader that this is practicable, here and now, and that on principles that are the very soundest, whether viewed from the ethical or the economic standpoint." To-Morrow - A peaceful path to real reform, E. Howard

MUNICH TOWN HALL

-€

OUTPUT

+€

MICRO CLIMATE

IMPUT

GARDENS

MARKET

PEOPLE

+€

COMUNITY AREA REDUCTION OF THE TRANSPORTS REFURBISHED OLD CAR BUILDINGS CONNECTION BETWEEN HUBS AND STREET CHANGEABLE ON WEEKDAYS AND WEEKENDS GROUND FLOOR LEVEL ACESS TO THE PUBLIC CONNECTION BETWEEN THE STREET AND FOOD PRODUCTION SELF SUSTAINING STREET FROM THE ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW

MARKET

MICRO CLIMATE

FREE CAR CITY ORGANIC AREAS NEW STREET LAYOUT CULTURAL DIVERSITY NEW PUBLIC FACILITIES EASLY TO CHANGE ALONG THE YEARS GROUND FLOOR LEVEL ACESS TO THE PUBLIC

GSEducationalVersion

PEOPLE

GARDEN

PUBLIC SPACE HEALTH BENEFITS SELF REALIZATION RECREATION AREAS CULTURAL DIVERSITY OPORTUNITY TO HAVE A GARDEN OPPORTUNITY TO CREAT A NEW IDENTITY INTERATION IN THE SAME LEVEL AS THE COMPANIES THE ULTIMATE LAYOUT IS CREATED BY THE INHABITHANTS PARTICIPATION PROCESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CITY OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN MORE ABOUT AGRICULTURE (EDUCATIVE SERVICE) BIER GARDENS HEALTH BENEFITS PRODUCTION OF BIO FOOD CAN HAVE A DIFFERENT USES CAN BE USE TO AGRICULTURE FRESH AIR TO THE CITY CENTER COULD BE EASILY REPRODUCED CAN BE USE TO RECREATION AREAS EASLY TO CHANGE ALONG THE YEARS HELP TO REDUCE THE CO2 EMISSIONS CAN EASILY BE CHANGED DEPENDING ON WHERE THEIR ARE LOCATED PROTECTS THE PEDESTRIAN AREA AND CREATES OBSTACLES TO MECHANICAL VEHICLES

MUNICH TOWN HALL

THE HUB

It presents itself as an object around which the whole project develops. Although it does not have prominence and a crucial role in the way the idea is built, its role in the way the street is built is quite important. The reformulation of structures formerly intended for motor vehicles and their reappropriation in the context of agriculture has always been one of our essential premises from an early stage. Having said that, and after a careful observation regarding these structures, we developed in a punctual way and according to their geometries the functions that each one of these moments would have. The Mercedes building located at the Arnufstrasse intersection with DonnersbergerbrĂźcke is the largest of these structures present along the street. Along with its fundamental location that allows communication with Arnufstrasse and the Mittlerer Ring and that in the de, and its dimension allows structuring a diverse programmatic diversity. Therefore, and like the other Hubs, the existence of a market on the ground floor is the essential factor of these structures. Their ability to communicate and relate to the community is not only an extremely important social factor, but it is also an opportunity to give back to the community structures that have always been closed in on themselves given their programme. On their upper floors, each of these buildings takes on different programmes. In the concrete case of the Mercedes building the initial idea is to use its structure as a means of food production in a controlled environment, with this we refer not only hydroponics but also aquaculture, horticulture, etc. Since it is only through these productions in a controlled environment that we are able to ensure constant production of food and stable form throughout the year. And at this point, we give an essential emphasis to the fact that we are able to produce food in a constant way since with the demographic increase expected in the coming years the need for consumption increases and production must necessarily meet demand.

These structures also allow the exploitation and integration of new farming techniques which, as far as we know, are the future of cities.

THE AQUAPONIC

Aquaponics refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks - with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment. In normal aquaculture, excretions from the animals being raised can accumulate in the water, increasing toxicity. In an aquaponic system, water from an aquaculture system is fed to a hydroponic system where the by-products are broken down by nitrifying bacteria initially into nitrites and subsequently into nitrates that are utilized by the plants as nutrients. Then, the water is recirculated back to the aquaculture system. As existing hydroponic and aquaculture farming techniques form the basis for all aquaponic systems, the size, complexity, and types of foods grown in an aquaponic system can vary as much as any system found in either distinct farming discipline. Aquaponics consists of two main parts, with the aquaculture part for raising aquatic animals and the hydroponics part for growing plants. Aquatic effluents, resulting from uneaten feed or raising animals like fish, accumulate in water due to the closedsystem recirculation of most aquaculture systems. The effluent-rich water becomes toxic to the aquatic animal in high concentrations but this contains nutrients essential for plant growth.[15] Although consisting primarily of these two parts, aquaponics systems are usually grouped into several components or subsystems responsible for the effective removal of solid wastes, for adding bases to neutralize acids, or for maintaining water oxygenation.

A good way to deal with solids buildup in aquaponics is the use of worms, which liquefy the solid organic matter so that it can be utilized by the plants and/or other animals in the system.

SOLAR ENERGY CORN

GROW LIGHT AQUAPONIC

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the world population

“Two centuries of rapid global population growth will come to an end. One of the big lessons from the demographic history of countries is that population explosions are temporary. For many countries the demographic transition has already ended, and as the global fertility rate has now halved, we know that the world as a whole is approaching the end of rapid population growth. This visualization presents this big overview of the global demographic transition – with the very latest data from the UN Population Division just published. As we explore at the beginning of the entry on population growth, the global population grew only very slowly up to 1700 – only 0.04% per year. In the many millennia up to that point in history very high mortality of children counteracted high fertility. The world was in the first stage of the demographic transition. Once health improved and mortality declined things changed quickly. Particularly over the course of the 20th century: Over the last 100 years global population more than quadrupled. As we see in the chart, the rise of the global population got steeper and steeper and you have just lived through the steepest increase of that curve. This also means that your existence is a tiny part of the reason why that curve is so steep. The 7-fold increase of the world population over the course of two centuries amplified humanity ’s impact on the natural environment. To provide space, food, and resources for a large world population in a way that is sustainable into the distant future is without question one of the large, serious challenges for our generation. We should not make the mistake of underestimating the task ahead of us. Yes, I expect new generations to contribute, but for now it is upon us to provide for them. Population growth is still fast: Every year 140 million are born and 58 million die – the difference is the number of people that we add to the world population in a year: 82 million. Where do we go from here? In red you see the annual population growth rate (that is, the percentage change in population per year) of the global population. It peaked around half

a century ago. Peak population growth was reached in 1968 with an annual growth of 2.1%. Since then the increase of the world population has slowed and today grows by just over 1% per year. This slowdown of population growth was not only predictable, but predicted. Just as expected by demographers (here), the world as a whole is experiencing the closing of a massive demographic transition. This chart also shows how the United Nations envision the slow ending of the global demographic transition. As population growth continues to decline, the curve representing the world population is getting less and less steep. By the end of the century – when global population growth will have fallen to 0.1% according to the UN’s projection – the world will be very close to the end of the demographic transition. It is hard to know the population dynamics beyond 2100; it will depend upon the fertility rate and as we discuss in our entry on fertility rates here fertility is first falling with development – and then rising with development. The question will be whether it will rise above an average 2 children per woman. The world enters the last phase of the demographic transition and this means we will not repeat the past. The global population has quadrupled over the course of the 20th century, but it will not double anymore over the course of this century. The world population will reach a size, which compared to humanity’s history, will be extraordinary; if the UN projections are accurate (they have a good track record), the world population will have increased more than 10-fold over the span of 250 years. We are on the way to a new balance. The big global demographic transition that the world entered more than two centuries ago is then coming to an end: This new equilibrium is different from the one in the past when it was the very high mortality that kept population growth in check. In the new balance it will be low fertility keeps population changes small.”

Source | Our World in Data via Wordl Bank

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POPULATION DENSITY Population density is defined as the number of people divided by the land are, measured in saque kilimeters (km2) Which countries are most densely populated? Our understanding of the world is often shaped by geographical maps. But this tells us nothing about where in the world people live. To understand this, we need to look at population density. In the map we see the number of people per square kilometer (km2) across the world. Globally the average population density is 25 people per km2, but there are very large differences across countries. •Many of the world’s small island or isolated states have large populations for their size. Macao, Monaco, Singapore, Hong Kong and Gibraltar are the five most densely populated. Singapore has nearly 8,000 people per km2 – more than 200 times as dense as the US, and 2000 times that of Australia. • Of the larger countries1, Bangladesh is the most densely-populated with 1,252 people per square kilometer; this is almost three times as dense as its neighbour, India. It’s followed by Lebanon (595), South Korea (528), the Netherlands (508) and Rwanda (495 per km2) completing the top five. •If you hover the mouse on the bracket from 0 to 10 on the legend then

you see the world’s least densely populated countries. Greenland is the least dense, with less than 0.2 people per square km2, followed by Mongolia, Namibia, Australia and Iceland. In our population cartogram these are the countries that take up much less space than on a standard geographical map. If we want to understand how people are distributed across the world, another useful tool is the population cartogram: a geographical presentation of the world where the size of the countries are not drawn according to the distribution of land, but according to the distribution of people. Here we show how the world looks in this way. When we see a standard map we tend to focus on the largest countries by area. But these are not always where the greatest number of people live. It’s this context we need if we want to understand how the lives of people around the world are changing.

Source | Our World in Data via Wordl Bank

POPULATION DENSITY IN GERMANY What are the most populous countries in the world? Over the last century, the world has seen rapid population growth. But how are populations distributed across the world? Which countries have the most people? In the map we see the estimated population of each country in 2019. To see how this has changed since 1800, you can use the ‘play’ button and timeline in the bottom-left of the chart. By clicking on any country you can also see how its population has evolved over this period. Here we see that the top five most populous countries are: (1) China (1.42 billion) (2) India (1.37 billion) (3) United States (329 million) (4) Indonesia (269 million) (5) Brazil (212 million) For several centuries, China has been the world’s most populous country. But not for long: it’s expected that India will overtake China within the next decade. You can learn more about future population growth by country

Source | Our World in Data via Gapminder; HYDE & UN Population Division (2019)

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NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS (WORLD) More than 4 billion people – more than half of the world – live in urban areas For most of human history, most people across the world lived in small communities. Over the past few centuries – and particularly in recent decades – this has shifted dramatically. There has been a mass migration of populations from rural to urban areas. How many people live in urban areas today? In the visualization we see estimates from the UN World Urbanization Prospects on the number of people globally who live in urban and rural areas. In 2017, 4.1 billion people were living in urban areas. This means over half of the world (55%) live in urban settings. The UN estimates this milestone event – when the number of people in urban areas overtook the number in rural settings – occurred in 2007. You can explore the data on urban and rural populations for any country or region using the “change country” toggle on the interactive chart.

Source | Our World in Data via UN World Urbanization Prospects (2018). Note: Urban populations are defined based on the definition of urban areas by national statistical offices

SHARE OF POPULATIONS LIVING IN URBAN AREAS How does the share of people living in urban areas vary between countries? In the map shown here we see the share of the population that is urbanized across the world. Across most high-income countries – across Western Europe, the Americas, Australia, Japan and the Middle East – more than 80% of the population live in urban areas. Across most upper-middle income countries – in Eastern Europe, East Asia, North and Southern Africa, and South America – between 50% to 80% of people do. In many low to lower-middle income countries, the majority still live in rural areas. But this is changing quickly. By clicking on any country you can see how urbanization rates are changing with time. For many countries, you see a rapid migration of populations into towns and cities.

Source | Our World in Data via OWID based on UN World Prospects 2018 and historical sources. Note: Urban areas defined bases on national definitions wich can vary by country

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the energy

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Access to energy is a key pillar for human wellbeing, economic development and poverty alleviation. Ensuring everyone has sufficient access is an ongoing and pressing challenge for global development. However, our energy systems also have important environmental impacts. Historical and current energy systems are dominated by fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) which produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gasesâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; the fundamental driver of global climate change. If we are to meet our global climate targets and avoid dangerous climate change, the world needs a significant and concerted transition in its energy sources. Balancing the challenge between development and environment therefore provides us with an ultimate goal of ensuring everyone has access to enough sustainable energy to maintain a high standard of living. In this entry we attempt to cover the fundamental pillars we need to understand global and regional energy systems: their evolution through time in terms of consumption, relative sources, and trade; progress in global energy access and our transition towards low-carbon sources; and crucially the main development, economic and health drivers behind the energy choices we make. It is intended to provide a fundamental background to the macro-trends in our historical and current energy systems, with key learnings on how we can use this understanding to shape pathways towards a sustainable future.â&#x20AC;?

Source | Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2020) - "Energy". Published online at OurWorldInData.org.

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HOW MUCH ENERGY DOES THE WORLD CONSUME? Let’s first take a look at how global energy production- both in terms of quantity and source- have changed over the long-term. In the visualisation we have plotted global energy consumption from 1800 through to 2015. Note that you can use the absolute/ relative toggle on the chart to view these in absolute numbers or as the percentage of the global total. If we start back in 1800 we see that nearly all of the world’s energy was produced from traditional biomass (essentially burning wood and other organic matter). The world (predominantly the UK) was using a small amount of coal- only around two percent. Our expansion into oil consumption didn’t begin until around 1870. Two decades later it was followed by natural gas and hydroelectricity. By 1900, coal consumption had increased significantly, accounting for almost half of global energy (the other half remaining biomass, since oil, gas and hydroelectricity remained small). By the mid-20th century, the energy mix had diversified significantly; coal overtook traditional biofuels and oil was up to around 20 percent. By 1960 the world had moved into nuclear electricity production. Finally, today’s renewables (modern biofuels, wind, and solar) are relatively new, not appearing until the 1980-90s. Other renewable sources, such as geothermal and marine technologies, have not been included

because levels of production are so small. In 2015, the world consumed 146,000 terawatt-hours (TWh) of primary energymore than 25 times more than in 1800. But it is often today’s energy mix, rather than levels of consumption that people find surprising. While some may have the impression that renewables account for a large share of global energy consumption, their total contribution in fact remains small. Even if we include modern biofuels and hydropower, it is still less than five percent. We have a long way to go if we are to transition from a fossil fuel dominated energy mix to a low-carbon one. Investment and the production of renewable technology is growing, however, as we show in this entry.

Source | Our World in Data via Vaclav Smil (2017) and BP Statistical Review of World Energy CC BY

PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION Here we see trends in per capita energy use from 1960-2014; this is inclusive of all dimensions of energy (electricity plus transport and heating), not exclusively electricity (with energy normalised kilowatthour equivalents per year). There are several important points to note. Firstly, global average per capita energy consumption has been consistently increasing; between 1970-2014, average consumption has increased by approximately 45 percent. This growth in per capita energy consumption does, however, vary significantly between countries and regions. Most of the growth in per capita energy consumption over the last few decades has been driven by increased consumption in transitioning middleincome (and to a lesser extent, low income countries). In the chart we see a significant increase in consumptionÂ in transitioning BRICS economies (China, India and Brazil in particular); Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s per capita use has grown by nearly 250 percent since 2000; India by more than 50 percent; and Brazil by 38 percent. Whilst global energy growth is growing from developing economies, the trend for many high-income nations is a notable decline. As we see in exemplar trends from the UK and US, the growth we are currently seeing in transitioning economies ended for many high-income nations by over the 1970-80s

period. Both the US and UK peaked in terms of per capita energy consumption in the 1970s, plateauing for several decades until the early 2000s. Since then, we see a reduction in consumption; since 2000, UK usage has decreased by 20-25 percent. Nonetheless, despite this decline in highincome countries, large global inequalities still exist. The average US citizen still consumes more than ten times the energy of the average Indian, 4-5 times that of a Brazilian, and three times more than China. The gulf between these and very lowincome nations is even greater- a number ofÂ low-income nations consume less than 500 kilograms of oil equivalent per person.

Source | Our World in Data via International Energy Agency (IEA), The World Bank

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the air

“Air pollution in Germany has significantly decreased over the past decade. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the Earth's atmosphere. These pollutants are released through human activity and natural sources. Germany took interest in reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by switching to renewable energy sources. Renewable energy use rose from 6.3% in 2000 to 34% in 2016. Through the transition to renewable energy sources, Germany has become the climate change policy leader and renewable energy leader in the European Union (EU) and in the world with ambitious climate change programs. The current goal of the German government was approved on 14 November 2016 in the German Climate Action Plan 2050, which outlines measures by which Germany can meet its greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. By 2050, Germany wants to reduce their GHGs by 80 to 95% and by 2030 they want to reduce it by 55%, compared to the EU target of 40%. In order to achieve these goals, a variety of strategies and policies are used rather than legislation. The four strategies the German government bases air pollution control on are laying down environmental quality standards, emission reduction requirements according to the best available technology, production regulations, and laying down emission ceilings. Through these strategies, policy instruments have been put in place that have contributed to the success of the significant air pollution reduction in Germany. These instruments include the Federal Emission Control Act and Implementing Ordinances, Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft), Amendment to Ordinance on Small Firing Installations, Implementation of the directive on industrial emissions, and Transboundary air pollution control policy. The German Feed-in-Tariff policy introduced in 2000 led to the significant increase in renewable energy use and decreasing air pollution. They have been introduced in Germany to increase the use of renewables, such as wind power, biomass, hydropower, geothermal power, and photovoltaics, thereby reducing GHG emissions causing air pollution and combating climate change. The German government has been an

agenda setter in international climate policy negotiations since the late 1980s. However, national and global climate policies have become a top priority since the conservativesocial democratic government came into power in 2005, pushing both European and international climate negotiations. Positive path dependency in Germany's climate and energy policies has occurred over the past 20 years. There are three main triggers that put Germany on this positive path dependency and what led them to becoming a climate change policy leader. The first being the widespread damages to health, due to smog, and to nature, due to acid rain, caused by air pollution. The second being the shock of the two oil price crises, in 1973 and 1979, that highlighted the problem of the German economy's strong dependence on unsure foreign sources. The third being the growing opposition to the country's growing reliance on nuclear energy. Air pollution began to be seen as a problem in Germany due to these three triggers, causing Germany to put policies into place to control air pollution. This has now developed from controlling air pollution to being a leader in climate change politics.”

Source | Wikipédia, “Air quality in Germany”

WHO IS MOST AFFECTED BY AIR POLLUTION? Death rates from air pollution are highest in low-to-middle income countries Air pollution is a health and environmental issue across all countries of the world, but with large differences in severity. In the interactive map we show death rates from air pollution across the world, measured as the number of deaths per 100,000 people of a given country or region. We see that the death rates tend to be highest across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This highlights the large differences globally: death rates in the highest burden countries are more than 100 times greater than across much of Europe and North America. The burden of air pollution tends to be greater across both low and middle income countries for two reasons: indoor pollution rates tend to be high in low-income countries due to a reliance on solid fuels for cooking; and outdoor air pollution tends to increase as countries industrialize and shift from low-tomiddle incomes. A map of the number deaths from air pollution by country can be found here.

Source | Our World in Data via IHME, Global Burden of Disease

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ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS ON DECARBONIZATION? If we want to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions, the world has to transition from an energy system dominated by fossil fuels to a low-carbon one (this is what most countries have set long-term targets to achieve within the Paris climate agreement). With the exception of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology (described later in the entry), we have two options to achieve this: renewable technologies (including bioenergy, hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, and marine energy) and nuclear energy. Both of these options produce very low CO2 emissions per unit of energy compared with fossil fuels. We call this process of transitioning from fossil fuels to low-carbon energy sources ‘decarbonisation’. In the first section of this entry, we saw that our progress in decarbonising our total energy system (including transport, heat and electricity) has been slow. Fossil fuels are still the dominant energy source. If we focus on our electricity sector in particular, are we performing any better?5 Our progress over the last decade tells an interesting story which we have covered in its own blog post. These trends can be explained in the four charts which map the share of renewable, nuclear and fossil fuel sources in global electricity production. As a brief summary: over

the last decade (2005-2015) the share of renewables in our electricity mix has increased by approximately 5-6 percent. This is good news. However, over this same period, the share from nuclear production has decreased by almost exactly the same amount (5-6 percent). Overall, this means that our total share of low-carbon electricity production is almost exactly the same as a decade ago (as shown in the chart). In fact, if we compare the share of electricity produced by low-carbon sources (renewables and nuclear) in 2015 to that of 1990 , we see that it has dropped by around three percent. Progress on electricity decarbonisation has been stalled over the last decade as a result of a growing aversion to nuclear energy. The final chart provides a breakdown of fossil fuel sources in our electricity mix. Since 2005, natural gas and coal have increased their share by one and two percent, respectively whereas the contribution from oil has declined by two percent. Nonetheless, overall, the relative mix of electricity sources has changed very little over the last few decades.

Source | Our World in Data via World Bank, Sustainable Energy fo All (SE4ALL)

HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPACTS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION One of the considerations which has- and will continue to- have an influence on our choices is the relative health and safety implications of energy sources. This health concern manifests itself in a range of forms and over various timescales. In the near-term, the key concerns are related to accidents in the production of energy, potential nuclear incidents, and local air pollution. Over the longer-term, these health concerns relate the relative energy drivers of climatic change (which can affect health and safety in various forms, including food access, water resources, sea-level rise, extreme weather events and disease distribution). We have covered this issue in detail in two blog posts; one summarising the range of estimates on the death toll from the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear incidents; the other covering the relative energy safety of our major energy sources. The key conclusion can can be summarised in the chart; if we define safety based on the death rate per terawatt-hour (TWh) of energy production, coal is the least safe form of traditional energy. As a result of its minimal contribution to air pollution, nuclear is measuredÂ to be the safest.

Source | Our World in Data via Markandya and Wilkinson (2007). Note: Figures include deaths resulting from accidents in energy production and deaths related to air pollution impacts. Deaths related to air pollution are dominante, typically accounting for greater than 99% of the total

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AIR POLLUTION CONTRIBUTES TO 9% OF DEATHS GLOBALLY - THIS VARIES FROM. 2% to 15% BY COUNTRY Globally, air pollution contributed to 9% of deaths in 2017.2 In the map shown here we see the share of deaths attributed to air pollution across the world. In 2017, this ranged from a low of 2% across high-income countries, to close to 15% across many countries in South and East Asia.

Source | Our World in Data via IHME, Global Burden of Disease

AIR POLLUTION IS ONE OF THE LEADING RISK FACTORS FOR DISEASE BURDEN Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for death. But its impacts go even further, also being one of the main contributors to global disease burden. Global disease burden takes into account not only years of life lost to early death, but also the number of years lived in poor health. In the visualization we see risk factors ranked in order of DALYs – disabilityadjusted life years – the metric used to assess disease burden. Again, air pollution is near the top of the list making it one of the leading risk factors for poor health across the world. Air pollution not only takes years from peoples’ lives, but also had large effect on quality while they’re still living.

Source | Our World in Data via IHME, Global Burden of Disease

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the agriculture

“The issue of food security affects each country and city in different ways, and their needs in terms of achieving security vary accordingly. Some cities and countries must put their efforts into addressing demandside initiatives, whereas others should focus on the supply side of the equation. In assessing the existing conditions of food security, we have taken a number of critical areas into consideration. “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” . From this definition, we identify the following five key dimensions of food security: availability, physical access, economic access, utilization, and sustainability. • Food availability: Food availability addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined primarily by the level of domestic food production as well as reliance and diversification of imports • Physical access to food: Physical access is determined by the access of households to food they require through their own production or more commonly the marketplace • Economic access to food: Economic access is determined by households’ ability to purchase required amount of food. Fluctuation in critical food item prices and purchasing power will be determinants of that access • Food utilization: Utilization is determined by both food safety and nutritional content and is the result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of the diet, and intra-household distribution of food • Sustainability: For food security objectives to be realized, the above mentioned four dimensions must be fulfilled simultaneously and over time. Even if a household food intake is adequate today, it may still be considered food insecure if it has inadequate access to food on a periodic basis (…) The Role of Food Utilization in Food Security The fourth dimension is food utilization. While households may have the capacity to purchase the food they need, they may not be able to utilize it in a safe or nutritional manner. It is not enough that an individual

is getting what appears to be an adequate amount of food if that person is unable to consume it. Food utilization revolves around what is typically thought of as health conditions: the quantity and quality of dietary intake, general child care and feeding practices, food preparation, and food storage, along with health status and its determinants. Food utilization is dependent on quality as well as quantity. At the moment, the world faces the threat of a triple burden of malnutrition: undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity. For example, while the consumption of more nutritious foods increased worldwide between 1990 and 2013, the consumption of highly processed foods increased more than the consumption of fresh foods, adding to the problems of undernutrition. According to Rami Zurayk, Member of the steering committee of the High Level Panel of Experts of the world committee on food security, the phenomenon of “stuffed and starved is being experienced by many, in most countries. “

Source | Matthieu De Clercq, Anshu Vats, Alvaro Biel and Etienne Raynaud, “Sustainable and Resilient Food for Future Generations”, World Government Summit 2019, 2019;

BREAKDOWN OF GLOBAL LAND USE TODAY Half of the world’s habitable land is used for agriculture For much of human history, most of the world’s land was wilderness: forests, grasslands and shrubbery dominated its landscapes. Over the last few centuries, this has changed dramatically: wild habitats have been squeezed out by turning it into agricultural land. If we rewind 1000 years, it is estimated that only 4 million square kilometers – less than 4% of the world’s ice-free and non-barren land area was used for farming. In the visualization we see the breakdown of global land area today. 10% of the world is covered by glaciers, and a further 19% is barren land – deserts, dry salt flats, beaches, sand dunes, and exposed rocks.1 This leaves what we call ‘habitable land’. Half of all habitable land is used for agriculture.2 This leaves only 37% for forests; 11% as shrubs and grasslands; 1% as freshwater coverage; and the remaining 1% – a much smaller share than many suspect – is built-up urban area which includes cities, towns, villages, roads and other human infrastructure. There is also a highly unequal distribution of land use between livestock and crops for human consumption. If we combine pastures used for grazing with land used to grow crops for animal feed, livestock

accounts for 77% of global farming land. While livestock takes up most of the world’s agricultural land it only produces 18% of the world’s calories and 37% of total protein.3 The expansion of agriculture has been one of humanity’s largest impacts on the environment. It has transformed habitats and is one of the greatest pressures for biodiversity: of the 28,000 species evaluated to be threatened with extinction on the IUCN Red List, agriculture is listed as a threat for 24,000 of them.4 But we also know that we can reduce these impacts – both through dietary changes, by substituting some meat with plant-based alternatives and through technology advances. Crop yields have increased significantly in recent decades, meaning we have spared a lot of land from agricultural production: globally, to produce the same amount of crops as in 1961, we need only 30% of the farmland. With solutions from both consumers and producers, we have an important opportunity to restore some of this farmland back to forests and natural habitats.

Source | Our World in Data via UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

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AGRICULTURAL LAND USE OVER THE LONG-RUN Total agricultural land use This visualisation shows total land used for agriculture (which is a combination of cropland and grazing land) over the longterm, measured in hectares. In the following sections you can find disaggregated data for cropland and grazing land change over time.

Source | Our World in Data via History Database of the Global Environment (2017)

AGRICULTURAL LAND PER PERSON OVER THE NEAR-TERM If we extend our land coverage above from arable land use to total agricultural land (which is the sum of arable, permanent crops and pastures and meadows), we still see overall declines in land per person but with different rates and patterns of reduction. Overall, we see that agricultural land per person is higher than that of arable land. At the global level, per capita agricultural land use is now less than half its value in 1961. Africa in particular has seen dramatic reductions in agricultural land per person â&#x20AC;&#x201C; now less than one-third of per capita land 50 years ago. The Americas (North and South) and Africa have notably higher per capita agricultural land use relative to Europe and Asia. Â

Source | Our World in Data via Agricultural area per capita FAO (2017)

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HOW MUCH LAND DO COUNTRIES USE FOR AGRICULTURE? We use roughly half of global habitable land for agriculture. But how much of total land area is utilised for agriculture across the world? In the map here we see the share of total (both habitable and non-habitable) land area used for agriculture. There is large variability in the share of land a given country uses for agriculture. Allocation ranges from less than ten percent, particularly across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Scandinavian region to close to 80 percent across most regions (including the UK, Uruguay, South Africa, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia). It’s important to note that this metric includes both land used for arable (cropland) production and pasture land for livestock grazing; this means that agriculture can consume a large share of land area, even in arid and semi-arid regions where extensive arable farming is not possible. We will explore this difference in cropland and pastureland in the following section. If we view the map in “chart” mode, we see how the allocation of land to agriculture has changed over time across the global regions. The share of land used for agriculture has been slowly increasing across most of the world’s regions over the past few decades. However, land use across Europe and Central Asia- particularly within the European Union (EU) zone- and North America has been declining. Source | Our World in Data via World Bank

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LAND USE BY FOOD TYPE The amount of land required to produce food has wide variations depending on the product–this is especially true when differentiating crops and animal products. In the chart here we have plotted the average land required (sometimes termed the “land footprint”) to produce one gram of protein across a range of food types. At the bottom of the scale, we see that cereal crops typically have a small land impact per unit of protein (although such protein is often lacking in some essential amino acids). At the upper end of the spectrum we find meat products, with the land required for beef or mutton up to 100 times larger than cereals. However, it’s important to note the differences in land required across the meat products: poultry and pork have a land footprint 8-10 times lower than that of beef. This means individuals can make notable reductions in the environmental impact of their diets simply by substituting lower-impact meat products for beef or mutton.

Source | Our World in Data via Environmental footprint by food type (protein) - Clark & Tilman (2017)

3 KG

8 KG

5 KG

10 KG

35 KG

1 m²

1 m3

59,6 kg/year 5,7 kg/year 10,6 kg/year 18 kg/year 13,5 kg/year 1,9 kg/year

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ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY In this chart, we have mapped the agriculture value added per worker (measured in 2010 constant US$). Agriculture value added per worker is calculated as the total agricultural value added divided by the number of people employed in agriculture Overall, we see the highest rates of agricultural value added per worker in across Europe, North America and New Zealand; in 2017, several countries had a value added per worker of $70,000. In comparison, most countries across SubSaharan Africa and South Asia, where the value added per worker was typically less than $1,000 in 2017.

Source | Our World in Data via World Bank

THE SHARE EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE IN GERMANY TODAY The map shows the share employed in agriculture country by country. Three quarters of the labor force in a poor country like Madagascar are employed in agriculture. In rich countries like Germany or the UK it is only 1 in 100 who is employed in agriculture.

Source | Our World in Data via World Bank

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LONG-TERM FOOD COMMODITY PRICES SINCE 1850 This visualisation shows long-term commodity price indexes across various food items since 1850, relative to real prices in the year 1900 (i.e. prices in 1900 = 100).

Source | Our World in Data via Commodity Prices since 1850 - Jacks (2016); U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics (2015)

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the future urbanization

What share of people will live in urban areas in the future? By 2050, more than two-thirds of the world will live in urban areas The past 50 years in particular have seen a rapid increase in rates of urbanization across the world. Are these trends likely to continue? The UN World Urbanization Prospects provides estimates of urban shares across the world through to 2050. These projections are shown in the chart — using the timeline you can watch this change over time. Across all countries urban shares are projected to increase in the coming decades, although at varied rates. By 2050, it’s projected that 68 percent of the world’s population will live in urban areas (an increase from 54 percent in 2016). In fact, by 2050 there are very few countries where rural shares are expected to be higher than urban. These include several across Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Pacific Island States, and Guyana in Latin America. Why, when most countries are expected to be majority urban, does the global total just over two-thirds? This seems low, but results from the fact that many of the world’s most populated countries have comparably low urban shares (either just over half, or less). For example, India (expected to be the world’s most populous country), is projected to have

an urban share of only 53 percent in 2050. The other map shown here provides a snapshot overview of how the world is expected to continue to become more urbanized. It shows, for any given country, whether more people (the majority) live in urban or rural areas. Using the timeline feature and “play” button in the bottom-left of the chart, you can explore how this has changed over time. In 1950, it was predominantly high-income countries across Europe, the Americas, Australasia and Japan who were largely urban. A century later — in 2050 — it’s projected that most countries will have more people living in urban areas than not.

Source | Our World in Data via OWID based on UN World Prospects 2018 and historical sources. Note: Urban areas defined bases on national definitions wich can vary by country

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HOW MANY PEOPLE WILL BE LIVE IN URBAN AREAS IN THE FUTURE? By 2050, close to 7 billion people are projected to live in urban areas In the chart we see estimates of urban and rural populations in absolute terms, projected through to 2050. Projected population growth based on the UN’s medium fertility scenario. As of 2018 we see that there is around 7.6 billion people in the world (4.2 billion in urban and 3.4 billion in rural areas). By 2050, global population is projected to increase to around 9.8 billion. It’s estimated that more than twice as many people in the world will be living in urban (6.7 billion) than in rural settings (3.1 billion). These trends can be explored by country or region using the “change country” function in the bottom-left of the chart. Using our timeline map of urbanization you can explore how countries are expected to transition from predominantly rural to urban in the coming decades. There we see that by 2050 it’s projected that the majority of countries will have a majority (greater than 50 percent) of people living in urban areas.

Source | Our World in Data via UN World Urbanization Prospects (2018)

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT FALLS WITH URBANIZATION It would be expected that changing where populations live will have an impact on types of employment. Rural-urban migration has been empirically linked with the structural transformation process: as urban population shares increase, employment tends to shift from agriculture towards industry/manufacturing, or services.

in the Asia-Pacific region. In the case of Barbados and Saint Lucia: low agricultural production and employment is common for many small island states.

In the chart we see the share of people employed who are in agriculture (y-axis) versus the share of the population living in urban areas. Here, in general, we see that agricultural employment tends to decline with urbanization. In our blog post ‘Structural transformation: how did today’s rich countries become ‘deindustrialized’? we discuss and look at the data on this agriculture-industry-services shift in more detail. Although this agriculture-urbanization link tends to hold true for most countries, there are a couple of clear outliers. Sri Lanka, Samoa, and Barbados, for example, appear to show relatively low levels of agricultural employment despite being predominantly rural. For Sri Lanka, this anomaly is explained by low urbanization rates, rather than relatively low levels of agricultural employment — a labour share of just under 30 percent in agriculture is not dissimilar for neighbouring countries

Source | Our World in Data via World Bank & UN (2019)

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