Nuclear Program Program Nuclear in Argentina in Argentina
PRESENT && PRESENT FUTURE OF OF FUTURE NUCLEAR NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY IN ARGENTINA IN ARGENTINA
Nuclear Power & Related Supplies
Dario Jinchuk
Medical & Industrial Applications
National Atomic Energy Commission
LAS/ANS 2005 Design: Lic. Stella Spurio
Waste Management
June 13-15 Rio - Brazil
Research & Development Human Resources Training
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Country distribution distribution Country
NUCLEAR NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES (Excluding (Excluding Medicine) Medicine)
4.500 Employees u$s 400 millions/year
NUCLEAR NUCLEAR MEDICINE MEDICINE
(Diagnostics & & (Diagnostics treatments) treatments)
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC
2 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN OPERATION 1 NPP UNDER CONSTRUCTION
1.500.000 Treatments/year 1.300 Facilities 3.000 Employees u$s 200 millions 3
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6 RESEARCH REACTORS 4 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 3 ATOMIC CENTERS 1 TECHNOLOGY CENTER 1 HEAVY WATER PLANT 2 IRRADIATION FACILITIES 2 URANIUM MINING 1 URANIUM PURIFICATION PLANT 376 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS NUCLEAR MEDICINE 3 NUCLEAR MEDICINE SCHOOLS 68 TELETHERAPY CENTERS 57 BRACHYTHERAPY CENTERS 309 NUCLEAR MEDICAL CENTERS 45 LINEAR ACCELERATORS 4 408 RADIOIMMUNOASSAY LABORATORIES
NASA
CNEA Research & Development
Nuclear Power Generation
FAESA
CONUAR 33% Fuel elements
Nuclear Companies
ENSI 49%
Heavy Water
INVAP
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High Tech Customer Oriented
PRESIDENT of Federal Government
MINISTRY OF PLANNING, INVESTMENT & SERVICES
55% Special alloys & Zry tubes
SECRETARY GENERAL
SECRETARY of ENERGY
FUESMEN 33% Nuclear Medicine Center
CNEA National Atomic Energy Commission
ARN
NA-SA
National Regulatory Authority
Nucleoeléctrica Argentina
DIOXITEK 99% Uranium Cobalt-60
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12 Research Reactors
IN ARGENTINA
4 NPP
Nuclear Reactors
CAREM
CNE NPP
RA4 RA2
RA1
RA6
CNA2 NPP RA8
1966 1972 1978 1984 1989 1998 2009 2010 1965 1968 1974 1982 1988 2005 1997
EXPORTS
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RA3
RA0
1957
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CNA1 NPP
AUSTRALIA 8
PERU
PERU
ALGERIA
EGYPT
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ResearchReactors Reactors Research in Argentina in Argentina
Exported Exported ResearchReactors Reactors Research
RA0 (Córdoba)
RP0 - Critical Assembly
PERU NUR – 1 MW
RA1 (Buenos Aires)
RP10 - 10 MW
RA3 (Ezeiza) 10 Mw ALGERIA
RA 6 (Bariloche) 0,5 Mw
ETRR-II
AUSTRALIA
OPAL - 20 MW
RA8
RA4 (Rosario)
EGYPT
(Pilcaniyeu) 9
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NuclearPower Power Nuclear Plants Plants inArgentina Argentina in
22 MW
ATUCHA 2 2008 750 MWe Advance: 80%
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Power Generation Generation Power in Argentina Argentina in
ATUCHA 1 1974 350 MWe
35% Hydraulic
8% Nuclear 1% Import 56% Fossil
EMBALSE 1984 600 MWe
Cammesa / 2004
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CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM Integrated PWR reactor The CAREM Integrated Primary System concept has technical as well as financial advantages compared to traditional designs.
CAREM Reactor
The USA/DOE Program "Generation IV" selected the CAREM Reactor qualifying it as a "mature design ready to be deployed in the near future".
PROJECT STATUS Engineering finished Systems tested Prototipe ready to be built 13
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Safety Systems
CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM Low Power NPP with a new generation, inherently safety, innovative design
CAREM CAREM Reactor Reactor Passive safety systems
POWER: 25 up to 300 MWe COOLING: LW natural convection
The simple design of the CAREM Reactor contributes to its high safety level
FUEL: Enriched U 3,4 % 1 Control drive 2 Control drive rod structure 3 Water level
6 SG steam Outlet 7 Absorbing element 8 Fuel element 9 Core
4 Steam generator 10 Core support 5 SG water inlet
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structure
CAREM
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CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM
Plant Lay-out
CAREM Reactor Reactor Fuel Fuel CAREM Core: 61 hexagonal fuel elements Fuel element: 108 rods Total length: 1,9 m Pellet diameter: 7.6 mm Pellet length: 8 mm Fuel density: 93-95 % TD
Scheme of CAREM core RPV height
11 m
RPV internal diam
3 m
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CAREM Reactor Reactor CAREM
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For water desalinization
WATER DESALINIZATION needs a considerable amount of electricity Regular Nuclear Power Plants ranging from 1,000 to 1,400 MWe are larger than needed
Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Supplies
The Low Power Carem Reactor (25 to 300 MWe) is the ideal system to deliver the electricity needed in a water desalinization plant “Several North African and Middle East countries, with growing needs of fresh water, are considering building reverse osmosis desalinization facilities powered by small nuclear plants.” (Source: IAEA) 19
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Nuclear Fuel Fuel Nuclear
Uranium Production Production Uranium
Fuels for NPP Fuels for Research Reactors Special alloys & Zry tubes UO2 Yellow Cake
Sierra Pintada Ore
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Sigma Advanced Advanced Uranium Uranium Sigma Enrichment Diffusion Diffusion Technology Technology Enrichment
Uranium Enrichment Enrichment Facility Facility Uranium
Total Cost: 50-70 U$/SWU Capital Investment: Up to 25 U$/SWU
Project targets
Pilcaniyeu Technological Center
Energy Consumption: Up to 25 U$/SWU O&M : Up to 5 U$/SWU Availability Factor: > 95 % year Cascade Economy Size: 500.000 SWU Interconection Capability in Parallel
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Slightly Enriched Enriched Uranium UraniumFuel Fuel Slightly
Newfuels fuelsfor forMTR MTRreactors: reactors: New SILICIDE--UMo UMo SILICIDE
Argentine NPPs were designed to run on Natural Uranium and Heavy Water moderation
New Uranium Silicide fuel elements for MTR reactors were developed at CNEA
In order to increase burn-up and fuel economy a new fuel element was developed for Atucha 1 NPP employing 0.85 % enriched Uranium.
Prototypes were successfully irradiated and tested in hot cells. 64 Fuel Elements are being produced for the Australian Replacement Research Reactor.
From 1999 to 2002 the entire core was replaced. Burn-up: increased from 5,900 to 11,000 Mwd/tU. Fuel costs: 35% lower. 25
For CANDU type reactors feasibility studies 25 are underway.
U3-Si2
Density: 4,8 gr U/cm3 Burn-up: 55%
Uranium-Molybdenum fuels (U-Mo) are under development
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Heavy Water Water Production Production Heavy Production capacity: 200 Ton/year
Products & Services
Purity: 99.92 %
Arroyito - NEUQUÉN
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EXPORTS S. Korea Germany Canada Norway USA Australia
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Products Products
Services for for NPP’s NPP’s Services
Radioisotopes production plants Hot cells Non destructive testing
Special Devices
Repairs in highly radioactive environments
Facilities & equipments for Nuclear Fuel production
Design and construction of robots and telemanipulators
Shielded Casks for radioctive material transport
Materials and Fuel testing in Hot Cells
Silos for Spent Nuclear Fuel dry storage
“Tailor Made” equipment & components
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Radioisotopes Production Production Radioisotopes MTR Reactor
Health & Environment
CANDU Reactor
Moly, Iodine, Phosphorous, Samarium, Iridium, Chromium.
Cobalt-60
CICLOTRON Thallium, Fluorine
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Cobalt 60 60 Production Production Cobalt
Mo-99 production production Mo-99
CNEA manufactures Co60 Industrial and Medical Sealed Sources
Argentina was the first country producing Mo99 by fission employing 20% U235 enriched targets, instead of the usual 90%
60 MCi produced at Embalse NPP since 1985. Third worldwide producer
In our country, 70% of nuclear medical diagnostics employ Mo99 -> Tc99 radioisotopes
90% of production exported through a joint venture with REVISS(UK) and BELFINVEST (Belgium)
Development was successfully completed. Nowadays we are in the serial production phase and negotiating the export of targets and technology 33
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Nuclear Medicine Medicine Centres Centres Nuclear
BNCT BNCT Boron Neutron CaptureTherapy Therapy Boron Neutron Capture The therapy is mainly employed for malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and melanomas of different localizations.
Equipments Facilities Software
In 2003, after a decade of R&D in Argentina, first patients in Latin America were irradiated at the RA-6 reactor (Bariloche Atomic Center).
Training
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Irradiation Facilities Facilities Irradiation
Cobalttherapy therapy Cobalt Equipment & Simulators Equipment & Simulators
Food preservation Sterilization (tissue, implants, surgical instruments) Pest control
EXPORTS Bolivia, Colombia Venezuela, Syria, Egypt India, Brazil 37
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Environment Environment
Radioactive Waste Management
Human Resources Training
Spent Fuel Management
Environmental Remediation
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HumanResources Resources Human Training Training 3 Institutes Atomic Centers Laboratories
+ Agreements with National Universities for academic degrees
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Argentine Nuclear Nuclear Argentine exports to: exports to: : to USA
DEGREES PhD & MSc in: Physics Nuclear Engineering Materials Science Nuclear Reactors Radiochemistry Mechanical Engineering Nuclear Medicine
Short Courses in: Nuclear Medicine Radiodosimetry Radiotherapy Radiopharmaceuticals
UK
Germany
Romania
Canada Colombia
CA ERI M A
PE RO U E Belgium
Canada
u$s 700 M
Brazil
Venezuela
Uruguay
Bolivia
Chile
Peru
Cuba
CA RI AF Egypt
& IA IA ASEAN OC
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China
Australia
S. Korea
India
Turkey
Algeria
LOCATION: Lima (100 km from Buenos Aires City)
OWNER: NA-SA TYPE: PHWR
Natural Uranium
POWER: 750 M We (Gross) DESIGN: Siemens ARGENTINA
CONST. START: 1981 CONST. STOP: 1994 ADVANCE: 80% ARGENTINE SUPPLIES: 50%
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Atucha 2 NPP - Argentina
HIGHLIGHTS
HIGHLIGHTS (cont)
•CONTRACT signed 1980 with SIEMENS-KWU. •TYPE: non turnkey project for the provision of components, engineering and Tech. Transfer.
•CONSTR. Engineer : ENACE (75% CNEA 25% Siemens - KWU
•ORIGINAL BUDGET: 1881 Mu$s
•FINANCING: Imported: German Bank loans, Local: Public funds.
•SUPPLIES: 50% Local, 50 % imported
•SCHEDULED CONECTION: July 1987
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ESTADO ACTUAL DEL PROYECTO
HIGHLIGHTS (cont)
FALTANTE 19%
REALIZADO 81%
• FIRST POURING: 1981 • PARTIAL DELAYS DUE TO FINANCIAL PROBLEMS WITH LOCAL FUNDS: 1983/51987/90. • TOTAL STOP: 1994 • REINITIATION: 2005?
INICIO DE CONSTRUCCION: 1981 INGENIERIA: 99%
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81% 19 %
Montaje de equipos, pruebas y puesta en marcha
OBRA CIVIL: 95%
INVERSION:
COMPONENTES Y EQUIPAMIENTO: adquiridos y almacenados en obrador
PLAZO DE EJECUCION:
u$s 479 millones
52 meses
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ESTADO ACTUAL DEL PROYECTO
Edificio de la turbina
Edificio de pileta de combustibles gastados
Edificio del reactor
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NASA-CNEA CONUAR CRONOGRAMA DEL PROYECTO NASA - CNEA 1º AÑO 2º AÑO 3º AÑO 4º AÑO 5º AÑO
Habilitación de equipos (12 meses)
Construcción y montaje (26 meses)
CONUAR
TODOS LOS SUMINISTROS ESTAN CATALOGADOS E INVENTARIADOS Y SOMETIDOS A CONTINUO CONTROL.
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INVERSION FALTANTE Y FINANCIAMIENTO
ENSI-PIAP
Millones de u$s
ENSI
3.243
Costo total
479 Fabricación de la primera carga de combustibles nucleares
2.764
Inversión hasta la fecha
1.881
Presupuesto inicial
Producción de agua pesada
Puesta en marcha
479
(14 meses) TOTAL: 52 meses
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50
51 51
52
INVERSION FALTANTE
305 174
Suministros y servicios NACIONALES Suministros y servicios importados 52
INVERSION FALTANTE Y FINANCIAMIENTO COSTO DE TERMINACIÓN: 479
Millones de u$s
Nacionales: 305
Importados: 174
AÑO 2005
57%
2006
59%
120
95 Depósitos
2007
114
61%
2008 2009
PARA CONSERVAR Y MANTENER 40.000 t DE SUMINISTROS SE ESTAN UTILIZANDO:
INVERSION ANUAL moneda local (305)
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70% 60% 13
2 Carpas inflables 173 Contenedores
34 53
TOTAL 25.000 m2 cubiertos 53
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SECRETARIO DE ENERGIA D. CAMERON 31-05-05
“Por directivas del presidente de la Nación comenzamos a profundizar los análisis sobre la situación y a tomar definiciones concretas sobre el sector nuclear”. “Esperamos, con la culminación de Atucha II, la puesta en funcionamiento de la planta de agua pesada y la vuelta del sector a la actividad minera, recrear los incentivos para que el sector desarrolle en plenitud una nueva oportunidad”. “Atucha II está actuando como un calibre “pasa no pasa”; sólo si somos capaces de terminarla, aun solos, el sector nuclear en la Argentina tendrá destino”. 55
NUESTRO DESAFIO INMEDIATO ES TRABAJAR PARA QUE LA AGENDA POLITICA COMIENCE A CONSIDERAR LA OPCION NUCLEAR EN LA REGION 56
Thankyou you Thank very much very much foryour your attention attention!!!! for
Central Nuclear Atucha II
Objeto: negociaciones con plazo no mayor de 6 meses para garantizar continuidad y finalización de la obra Cronograma de Inversiones (M u $s)
Suministros y Servicios
National Atomic Energy Commission www. cnea.gov.ar
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2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total
Importados
18
60
55
28
13
169
Nacionales
50
107
101
34
13
305
Total
68
167
156
62
26
479
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Ministerio de Planificación Federal, Inversión Pública y Servicios - Secretaría de Energía
8m 6m
12 m
8m
PHWR 230 t MZFR 50 MW
14 m
5m
Atucha 2 NPP PHWR 750 Mwe
470 t
970 t
ATUCHA 2 750 MW
ATUCHA 1 345 MW
6m
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Atucha 2 NPP - Argentina
KWO 300 MW
210 t
KCB 450 MW
280 t KKS 600 MW
13 m
159 t
10 m
10 m
PWR
10 m
4m
4m
Atucha 1 NPP PHWR 345 Mwe
5m
490 t
KWB 1200 MW
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Atucha 2 NPP - Argentina