Nuclear Power In China Shi Yang Calier123456@163.com
Contents 1
Introduction of Nuclear Power
2
Nuclear Power and Energy Security
3
Nuclear Power and Environment
4
Future of China’s Nuclear Power
Section 1 Introduction of Nuclear power
Qianshan NPP
Nuclear Power • Nuclear power, with clean, safe, high efficiency and economic characteristics, is one of the world's supporting energy as well as coal and oil. • Nuclear power (generally electricity) is produced from controlled nuclear.
Two forms of Nuclear Reaction
Eight types of Nuclear Reactors
The distribution of the world's NPP
The distribution of China’s NPP
What can we learn from the map? • The number of China’s NPP is much smaller than that in US or EU • All on the east coast in China
2 units of PHWR type, 9 PWR types
Status of China’s NPP 52.3 9.07 6 11
11 nuclear reactors
at six plants
52.3 billion capacity of kWh power 9.07 million kw generation
All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies
3
4
Domestic Technology
French Technology 11
2
Russian Technology
2
Canadian Technology
Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020
Section two nuclear power and energy security
Energy Security • China's energy security concerns the need for China to guarantee itself and its industries long term access to sufficient energy and energy raw materials. • China is making more efforts to develop new energy to ensure the country's energy security and boost economic growth
Nuclear power and Energy security
Diversity
Convenience
Energy Security
Efficiency
Diversity • China is trying to establish long-term energy security. This by investment in oil and gas fields abroad, and by diversifying its providers • Nuclear power is viewed by the current Administration as important, perhaps essential, to maintaining that diversity.
Nuclear power capacity and generation of the World
Most of them in China
capacity of nuclear power in China 2003-2010
Electricity production in China
Source: IEO 2002 reference case
Projected Nuclear –Generated Electricity Consumption 1990 to 2025 ( Billion Kilowatt Hours) Country*
1990
2000
2001
2010
2015
2020
2025
United States
577
754
769
794
812
816
816
France
298
394
401
447
478
520
550
Germany
145
161
163
137
107
15
0
Japan
192
294
309
369
394
426
411
Canada
69
69
73
108
110
118
98
Russia
115
122
125
141
154
129
99
50
104
107
141
171
209
220
India
6
14
18
46
55
66
66
China
0
16
17
66
129
142
154
South Korea
Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2004, Appendix A, Page 170
Convenience • Nuclear power has an important role, especially in the coastal areas remote from the coalfields and where the economy is developing rapidly. Generally, nuclear plants can be built close to centers of demand, whereas suitable wind and hydro sites are remote from demand.
Convenience • Many inland nuclear power plants will be constructed in these interior province.
Efficiency To improve the efficiency of its domestic energy markets. China is actively looking for smarter energy technology
Innovation is the key to nuclear power development. China is calling for enterprises to adopt advanced technology and enhance selfinnovation.
AP 1000 technologies
SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse.
Section Three Nuclear power and Environment
Climate change In China, the reliance on fossil fuels has led to much air pollution. The economic loss due to pollution is put by the World Bank at almost 6% of GDP. World Problem Climate Change-------emissions of greenhouse gases
Countries by carbon dioxide emissions (blue the highest)
CO2 emission per capita per year per country
National Action Plan on Climate Change increasing the proportion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and from nuclear power increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power stations
Very Important
the use of cogeneration the development of coal-bed and coal-mine methane
Nuclear power as clean energy nuclear power
fossil fuel
25 g
450-1250 g
CO2 equivalent per kWh
CO2 equivalent per kWh
China will do better and better
• China has promised to reduce CO2 emission by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005 (26th Nov.2009)
Angel or Devil?
Disaster of NPP Three Mile Island Accident Chernobyl Disaster
Nuclear Waste • Since China's nuclear industry is relatively new, nuclear waste is not a major concern. But, as in the United States or any other country, nuclear waste accumulates over time.
Nuclear Safety The State Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), independent of the nuclear industry, carries out supervision and management on nuclear safety and radiation environment of nuclear facilities licensing management and routine monitoring. Relevant radioactive waste treatment facilities should be designed, constructed and operated simultaneously with facilities or practices producing radioactive wastes.
phases of waste management ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
reduction in output categorized collection purification and concentration, volume reduction and solidification careful encapsulation, safe transportation in-situ interim storage concentrated disposal controlled discharge
Section Four The future of Nuclear power in China
China's nuclear industry is relatively young
Nuclear reactors under construction and planned
Nuclear reactors under construction and planned
Further nuclear power units proposed
Further nuclear power units proposed
Further nuclear power units proposed
long and mid-term development plan • Nuclear power installed capacity will reach 40 million kw by 2020 and will generate 260 billion to 280 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year, accounting for 4 to 6 percent of the country's total. and a further increase to more than 250 GW by 2030.
nuclear energy policy • 1. PWRs will be the mainstream but not sole reactor type. • 2.Nuclear fuel assemblies are fabricated and supplied indigenously. • 3.Domestic manufacturing of plant and equipment will be maximised, with selfreliance in design and project management. • 4.International cooperation is nevertheless encouraged.
A beautiful Future China will enjoy a wide prospect in nuclear power market.
Shi Yang