ARC134
Cold War Modernisms
Cold War political geography: First, Second, and Third Worlds
Communist Bloc Warsaw Pact, 1955-91 led by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, 1922-91)
+ People’s Republic of China
Russian Constructivism L: Vladimir Tatlin, Monument to the Third International (project), 1919-20 R: Iakov Chernikov, “Architectural Fantasy,� 1925-33
Konstantin Melnikov, Rusakov Worker’s Club, Moscow, USSR, 1930
Ilya Golosov, Zuev Workers’ Club, Moscow, 1926-29
Konstantin Melnikov, Melnikov House, Moscow, 1929
Konstantin Melnikov, Melnikov House, Moscow, 1929
Typical designs of speculative apartment buildings in prerevolutionary Moscow
Moisei Ginzburg and Ignati Milinis, Narkomfin Communal House, Moscow, 1928-29 Narkomfin = Peoples’ Commissariat for Finance
Moisei Ginzburg and Ignati Milinis, Narkomfin Communal House, Moscow, 1928-29
Narkomfin Communal House
Narkomfin Communal House
Narkomfin Communal House
Le Corbusier and Nicholas Kolly (associate architect), Centrosoyuz Building, Moscow, 1929-30 Centrosoyuz = cooperatives organization
Le Corbusier and Nicholas Kolly (associate architect), Centrosoyuz Building, Moscow, 1929-30 Centrosoyuz = cooperatives organization
Alexander Deineka, “Let’s transform Moscow into a model socialist city of the proletarian style,” poster, 1931
S. Serafimov, S. Kravets, and M. Felger, Derzprom Building (State Industry Building), Dzerzhinsky Square (now Freedom Square), Kharkov, Ukraine, 1920s
S. Serafimov, S. Kravets, and M. Felger, Derzprom Building (State Industry Building), Dzerzhinsky Square (now Freedom Square), Kharkov, Ukraine, 1920s
Alexei Shchusev, Narkomzem (People’s Commissariat of Agriculture), Moscow, 1928-30
Igor Fomin, District Soviet, Sverdlovsk, USSR (now Yekaterinburg, Russia), 1930-1935
Boris Iofan, Palace of the Soviets (winning entry), 1931-33 Stalinist Neoclassicism
Moscow State University , Moscow, USSR (now Russia), 1953Stalinist Neoclassicism tallest building outside New York at the time of its construction
Moscow State University building, with antecedents: the Principal Medicine Store, Red Square, Moscow, which housed the university from 1755-87, and the Old Building, 1782-93
Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw, Poland, 1952-55
Plattenbau housing typology: prefabricated concrete slab construction social housing Plattenbau (German) = panel-building
Plattenbau housing typology: prefabricated concrete slab construction social housing Plattenbau (German) = panel-building
Plattenbau housing typology: prefabricated concrete slab construction social housing Plattenbau (German) = panel-building
Plattenbau housing typology: prefabricated concrete slab construction social housing Plattenbau (German) = panel-building
People’s Republic of China 1949Founded by Mao Zedong (Chairman of the Communist Party)
Blast furnace, Shihchingshan Iron and Steel Company
Number 1 Machine Tools Plant
Cotton mill and weaving shop
Milling machine production plant
Experimental nuclear reactor
New housing developments: Hoping (above) and Yangfangtien (below)
New sports facilities: the Beijing Workers’ Stadium and swimming facilities in Taojanting Park
Beijing Workers’ Club
Beijing Railway Station
Wangfuching Department Store
Wangfuching Department Store
Broadcasting House
New development along West Changan Avenue, including the Cultural Palace of the Nationalities
Cultural Palace of the Nationalities
Silk painting depicting Chairman Mao leading the people of all Chinese nationalities, displayed in the main hall of the Cultural Palace of theNationalities
Chairman Mao examines plans for the reconstruction of Tien An Men Square, mid-1950s
Reconstruction of Tien An Men Square, with the Museum of the Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History at right, the Monument to the People’s Heroes at center, and the Great Hall of the People at left
Monument to the People’s Heroes, Tien An Men Square
Tien An Men Square
Museum of the Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History, Tien An Men Square
Museum of the Chinese Revolution and the Museum of Chinese History, Tien An Men Square
Great Hall of the People, Tien An Men Square, 1958-59
Great Hall of the People, Tien An Men Square: auditorium
Great Hall of the People, Tien An Men Square: banquet hall
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949-
Team 10 Younger generation of CIAM members developing alternative modernist approaches 1953-68 Alison & Peter Smithson, “Urban Reidentification” urban concept, 1959 with Corbusian “à redent” housing at left rhizome = a plant that propagates by spreading root nodes
Brutalism Alison and Peter Smithson, Hunstanton School, Hunstanton, Norfolk, UK, 1954
Team 10
Aldo van Eyck, Burgerweeshuis Orphanage, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1957-60 Dutch Structuralism
Piet Blom & Joop van Stigt, Village of Children (project), 1962
Team 10
Herman Herzberger, Centraal Beheer Insurance Building, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, 1972 with Fez medina rooftop view
Team 10 Candilis, Josic & Woods, Free University, Berlin, Germany, 1964-79 mat building typology
Japanese Metabolism Kenzo Tange, Tokyo Bay Project, Tokyo, Japan, 1960
Kisho Kurakawa, Nagakin Capsule Hotel, Osaka, Japan, 1972
Japanese Metabolism Arata Isozaki, Joint Core Stem System (project), 1960 Kiyonori Kikutake, City in the Air (project), 195961
Moshe Safdie, Habitat housing complex, Montreal, Canada, 1967
Yona Friedman, “L‟Urbanisme Spatiale” urban concept, 1960-62
Archigram, Plug-in City (project), 1964
Archigram, Instant City (project), 1969-70
Piano and Rogers, Pompidou Center, Paris, 1972-76
Situationist International dĂŠrive = drift psychogeography
Constant (Victor Nieuwenhuys), New Babylon (project), 1956-1971 Homo ludens: man at play
Louis Kahn, Adler House, Philadelphia PA, 1954-55
Louis Kahn, Jewish Community Center (project), Trenton NJ, 1954-59 plan and structural module plan “servant” and “served” spaces
Louis Kahn, First Unitarian Church, Rochester NY, 1961
Louis Kahn, Richards Medical Research Building, Philadelphia PA, 1957-61
Louis Kahn, Richards Medical Research Building, Philadelphia PA, 1957-61
Kahn, sketch of San Gimignano, Italy
Brutalism Paul Rudolph, Yale Art & Architecture Building, New Haven CT, 1958-63
Brutalism Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles, Boston City Hall, Boston MA, 1962-69
Louis Kahn, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India, 1962
Louis Kahn, Sher-e-Banglanagar (National Assembly), Dacca, Bangladesh, 1962-74
Louis Kahn, Sher-e-Banglanagar (National Assembly), Dacca, Bangladesh, 1962-74
Non-Aligned Movement, 1961Map of member nations(dark blue) and observer nations (light blue) as of 2012
Hasan Fathy, New Baris town plan, Kharga Oasis, Egypt, 1963-67 Planned but only partially completed (market building) “appropriate technology” or “situated technology” approach