Sustainable Economic Development of Dar Es Salam with a Citizen-Centric Approach (SEDDCA)
A Vision to make Kigamboni a reality of Tanzania.
Project Brief: Consultancy Services for Designing a master plan and executing a feasibility study for the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Our Clients*:
The World Bank, the National Government of Tanzania, and the City of Dar es Salaam
Proposal Submitted to Bid Number: MU-042020
* This proposal has been developed within the framework of a MU course and represents a purely hypothetical document that is neither legally nor administratively binding.
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Our Partners in Dar es Salaam
The University of Dar es Salaam is the top academic institution in Tanzania. Collaborating with the university, we will carry out site surveys and necessary data collection and analysis.
University of Dar es Salaam
We will be working with the local NGOs in Dar es Salaam region, since they already have a good knowledge and understanding of the local situation, this will allow us to approach the local residents with less barriers.
NGOs Archplan International Ltd. Landscape Specialist Company
These companies were involved in the existing Kigamboni New City development plan in 2008. Hence, we will collaborate with them to gain insights on the Kigamboni area.
Our Partners in South Korea
LH and Heerim were also involved in the Kigamboni New City development plan in 2008, LH as the main consulting firm. Consulting these companies will enable us to understand the existing master plan better, thus enhancing our provision for the new masterplan.
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Table of Contents:
1. MUSCO TEAM ORGANIZATION
05
2. MUSCO TEAM CV’S
06
3. MUSCO PROJECT REFERENCES
14
4. SEDDCA: PROJECT DETAILS
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5. INTRODUCTION TO SEDDCA
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6. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: NEW CITY MASTER PLAN 2008
20
7. VISION OF SEDDCA
22
8. STAKEHOLDERS
25
9. OBJECTIVES
25
10. PROJECT INDICATORS
25
11. METHODOLOGY
26
12. ESTIMATED BUDGET
32
13. SERVICES PROVIDED BY MUSCO
32
14. SUPPORT PROVIDED BY CLIENTS
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15. GANTT CHART (ATTACHED SEPARATELY) 16. PRICING (ATTACHED SEPARATELY)
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MUSCO Team Organization
Our MUSCO team is composed of four experts: Fizza Fatima, Aditya Awari, Jong Hee Paik, and Sreeparna Mitra. As a team, we provide expertise in sustainable urban development consultancy, focusing on climate efficient urban mobility development, smart city resilience development, sustainable urban planning, and alternative landscape planning. Furthermore, we provide postdisaster risk management consultancy in urban context, mitigating the risks of disaster, through feasibility studies and site surveys. We are experienced with participatory planning, working the community, working on the issues related to social and economic inequality, land rights, etc. With the application of smart city planning and sustainable development strategies, we strive to tackle issues rising from urbanization and climate change that have significant effects on the urban context. Our company is fortunate to have already worked with a number of Korean architecture and planning firms, including LH and Heerim who were in charge of the previous KNC master plan. Our contacts with the Korean firms will allow us to have a better understanding of the challenges and shortcomings of the existing master plan, and on top of that, our collaboration with the local NGOs in DSM and experts and students from the University of Dar es-Salaam will help us in understanding the local context. One member of our MUSCO team will be spending a period of time in DSM to interact with the local communities, conducting focus group discussions and semi-structured thematic interviews with the residents. The rest of the MUSCO team will be in Darmstadt, communicating with relevant partners to work on the Vision and Comprehensive Master Plan for the KNC 2020.
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(PAK)
Fizza Fatima Urban Development Expert, Founder of MUSCO
Fizza is an urban development expert who focuses on climate efficient urban mobility development and smart city resilience. She has an MSc in International Cooperation in Urban Development from the Technical University of Darmstadt and has published on topics related to urban mobility challenges and urban resilience. At MUSCO, as a principal executive manager and urban development expert, she is responsible for providing strategies in smart urban mobility and sustainable infrastructure development in relation to urban resilience. fizzafatima17@gmail.com Education 2019-present
2012-2017
Professional Career 2019-present
+49 152 039 15135
MSc International Cooperation in Urban Development Mundus Urbano Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Mundus Urbano Consortium Scholarship Holder Bachelor of Architecture NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Founder and Principal Executive Manager MUSCO INC., Darmstadt, Germany
2018-2019
Research Assistant Friedrich Naumann-Stiftung fur die Freiheit & Shehri-CBE, Pakistan
2018-2019
Research Assistant to the Dean of Architecture NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
2017-2018
Executive Architect & Interior Designer Thuraya Turnkey Projects, Karachi, Pakistan
2016-2017
Junior Architect SUH Design Consultants, Karachi, Pakistan
2015-2016
Internship Architect Consultants Group (CG), Karachi, Pakistan
Project Experience 2018-2020
Climate Efficient Urban Mobility and Smart City Growth, Karachi
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Fizza Fatima Publications 2019
Memberships 2016 2015
Mundus Urbano Medium, Darmstadt, Germany Assessing Urban Mobility Challenges in Karachi, Pakistan, Using the CityStrength Diagnostic Tool
Pakistan Council of Architect & Town Planners (PCATP) Institute of Architects Pakistan (IAP)
Conferences and Workshops 2020
Habitat III: Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda workshop, Darmstadt, Germany
2014
Pakistan Urban Forum South Asian Cities Conference, Karachi, Pakistan
2013
8Th Urban & Regional Planning Seminar, NED University, Pakistan
2013
World Monuments Fund Watch Day, Shikarpoor, Pakistan
IT Skills MS Office, AutoCAD, SketchUp, Lumion, ArchiCAD, Revit, 3DS Max Language Skills Urdu English German Sindhi
Native Fluent Good Good
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(IND)
Aditya Awari Green and Smart Landscape Expert
Aditya is an urban landscape expert who focuses on green and smart streetscape and infrastructure development in urban areas. He has an MSc in International Cooperation in Urban Development from Technical University of Darmstadt, and has published on topics related to alternate streetscapes and green infrastructures. At MUSCO, his role is to provide strategies on sustainable and smart landscape development on issues related to climate change and adaptation, such as flood prevention and reducing urban heat island effect. theadityapatil@gmail.com
Education 2019-present
2011-2017
+49 1520 391 5137
MSc International Cooperation in Urban Development Mundus Urbano Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Bachelor of Architecture School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India
Professional Career 2019-present
General Manager and Marketing Manager MUSCO INC., Darmstadt, Germany
2018-2019
Junior Architect Green Space Alliance, Pune, India
2018
Self-employed Architect Kriyam Ltd., Nagpur
2015
Internship Architect Shaheer Associates, New Delhi
2014
Internship Architect Centre for Cultural Knowledge Systems, Bhopal, India
Project Experience 2018-2019
Amaravati Development Plan Project - Streetscape planning and design
2014-2015
Botanika Housing Masterplan Project - Landscape design and phase 1 ward plan
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Aditya Awari 2014
Chhawla-Khanpur Development Plan - Zonal planning and design
Recognition 2015
MHRD Office Design Proposal at New Delhi selected in top 5
2013
Reuben’s Trophy shortlisted in top 10 for Best Design Presentation
Memberships 2018
Council of Architecture, India
Publications 2017 2015 2014
Thesis ‘Centre for Research on Alternative Farming Techniques’ presented at SPA Delhi Fundamentals of Tree Selection for Urban Streets Seminar – ‘E-mage of the City’ presented at SPA Delhi Dissertation ‘Responses of Street Characters to Induced Interventions’ selected for SPA Delhi
Conferences and Workshops 2020
International workshop Mundus Urbano, Grenoble, France
2016
The future of our Past – Conserving Historic Cities of South Asia conference, Mumbai, India
2015
Indian Temple Architecture: Drawing from History workshop. Bhopal, India
2014
Reimagining Lutyen’s Delhi workshop, Delhi, India
2012
Post Disaster Management workshop by Terra, Safer World Communications, Delhi, India
IT Skills MS Office, AutoCAD, Photoshop, InDesign, Revit, SketchUp Language Skills Hindi English Marathi Konkani Sanskrit German
Native Fluent Native Very Good Good Good
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Jong Hee Paik Sustainable Urban Development Expert Jong Hee is a sustainability consultant in MUSCO who focuses on sustainable urban planning and infrastructure provision. She has an MSc in International Cooperation in Urban development from Technical University of Darmstadt. She has previously worked as a building and urban researcher, conducting research on zero energy buildings and green remodeling in existing buildings. At MUSCO, her role is to provide sustainable and smart city planning strategies in adaption to climate change and rapid urbanization. jongheepaik@gmail.com Education 2019-present
2010-2013
Professional Career 2019-present
+49 174 628 0087
MSc International Cooperation in Urban Development Mundus Urbano Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany BEng Hons Architectural Environment Engineering University of Nottingham, UK and China
Communications and Human Resources Manager MUSCO INC., Darmstadt, Germany
2014-2015
Building and Urban Researcher Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Ilsan, Republic of Korea
2012
Student Intern, Office Assistant, Intern Dongsimwon Landscape Design & Construction Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea
Project Experience 2014-2015
Infrastructure Establishment and Practical Application for Zero Carbon Green Home Development of Technology and Policy for Green Remodeling for the Existing Buildings in Response to the Electricity Shortages UK-Korea: Facilitating the Development of a Green Retrofit Standard (Joint research with BRE) Operation of National Green Building Center
2012
Study on Traditional Chinese Landscape Culture
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Jong Hee Paik Publications 2015
2014
Design, Construction, Operation and Monitoring of Zero Carbon Green Home, Zero Carbon Building Journal, Hong Kong, Volume 4, pp 6 -21 Infrastructure Establishment and Practical Application for Zero Carbon Green Home Annual Report, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Republic of Korea Development of Technology and Policy for Green Remodeling for the Existing Buildings in Response to the Electricity Shortages Annual Report, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Republic of Korea
Conferences and Workshops 2020
Habitat III : Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda workshop, Darmstadt, Germany Water Resilience workshop, Darmstadt, Germany
2016
Greenbuild, Los Angeles, USA
2015
Green Building Forum (녹색건축포럼), Korea UK-Korea Green Building Forum, UK Ecobuild, London, UK Korea-Germany Zero Energy Building Workshop, Korea
2014
Green Building Conference (녹색건축한마당), Korea KICT-BRE Workshops, Korea & UK G-SEED Workshops, Korea
2012
Ecobuild, London, UK
2011
Renewable UK, Manchester, UK
IT Skills MS Office, AutoCAD, SketchUp, Ecotect, eQUEST, RETScreen, Therm, GIS. Language Skills Korean English Spanish German Italian Chinese
Native Fluent Very Good Good Good Good
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(IND)
Sreeparna Mitra Disaster Risk Urban Development Expert
Sreeparna is an urban development expert who focuses on post disaster risk management in urban context through participatory planning. She has an MSc in International Cooperation in Urban Development from Technical University of Darmstadt. At MUSCO, her role is to provide strategies on disaster risk management and reconstruction in urban areas, focusing on the issues related to social and economic inequality, land rights, stakeholder involvement and community participation. sreeparna1406@gmail.com
Education 2019-present
2012-2017
Professional Career 2019-present
+49 1523 636 4993
MSc International Cooperation in Urban Development Mundus Urbano Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Bachelor of Architecture R.V College of Engineering, India
Sustainable Urban Development Expert MUSCO INC., Darmstadt, Germany
2018-2019
Architect AbinDesign Studio, Kolkata, India
2017-2018
Architect Samira Rathod Design Associates, Mumbai, India
2016-2017
Intern Jmadc, Ahmedabad, India
Project Experience 2019
Surekha Villa Development Plan
2017
Chennai School Development Plan
2016
Kochi Urban Design Development Plan
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Sreeparna Mitra Exhibitions, Workshops and Competitions 2020
International workshop Mundus Urbano, Grenoble, France Water Resilience workshop, Darmstadt, Germany
2019
Archasm Berlin Bohemian Hostel Architectural competition
2018
12 houses, Mumbai, India Death of Architecture, Mumbai, India
2012-2017
RVCA exhibitions
Volunteer Work 2014
Design development for Sayambharataa, rural skill development foundation, India
IT Skills MS Office, AutoCAD, SketchUp, Photoshop, Illustrator Language Skills Bengali English Hindi German
Native Fluent Good Basic
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AMARAVATI DEVELOPMENT PLAN STREETSCAPE PLANNING AND DESIGN
Contracting Authority Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) Contact Person Contracting Authority Dr. P Lakshmi Narasimham I.A.S Commisioner M. +917095599001 commissioner@apcrda.org Investment € 6.627.367.650 Partners Foster + Partners Ascendas-Singbridge Sembcorp Development Hafeez Contractor Reliance Infrastructure NRDC CH2M McKinsey
2014- 2026 (IND) Amaravati
Project Description Background: The Government of Andhra Pradesh is developing a green-field capital city of Amaravati as the first SMART city with a vision of making it a liveable, environmentally sustainable and people’s capital. For this purpose, the location of the capital was identified between Vijayawada and Guntur cities on the upstream of Prakasam Barrage on the river Krishna, with an area of 217.23 Sq. Km, which is covering a current population of 102.401 in 24 villages. The new capital is an economic powerhouse that will create a range of earning opportunities for existing resident villagers by upgrading their skills, as well as provide high-tech and knowledge based opportunities. Housing is at the core of its planning and will aim to provide affordable and quality homes to all its residents. Expertise: -One of our partners worked on the Urban Design and Planning Strategies and Project Coordination focussing on Streetscapes. This assignment was done in partnership with architectural and planning offices of Foster + Partners, CH2M and McKinsey, as well as contractors like Ascendas-Singbridge, Sembcorp Development, Hafeez Contractor, etc.
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BOTANIKA HOUSING MASTERPLAN
2012- 2022
LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND PHASE 1 WARD PLAN
Contracting Authority Koncept Ambience Group Contact Person Contracting Authority Mr. Vamshi Krishna Bukka T: +914027813413 E: mail@konceptambience.com Investment € 3.600.000 Partners MSYK Associates Sureka Group Universal Realtors Pvt. Ltd.
(IND) Hyderabad
Project Description Background: The ward of Kondapur was brought by the Koncept Ambience Group with a vision of developing close to nature housing. The project is set up on a land of 0.7 Sq.kms, in the proximity of the International Central Business District of Hi-Tech City in Hyderabad, is developed to house the existing population and the users of the upcoming Hi-Tech City. Expertise: -One of our partners worked on the Landscape Design, Planning Strategies and Project Coordination. - The project was developed in phases. -Phase 1 of the Ward plan of Kondapur is designed to attract capital and investment for the remaining phases. - Phase 1 was designed with luxury housing strategies of architecture, landscape and urban development with a vision to provide visual and experiential sense of belonging.
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CHHAWLA- KHANPUR DEVELOPMENT PLAN ZONAL PLANNING AND DESIGN
Implementing Authority Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) Contact Person Envisioning Authority Ar. Snehanshu Mukherjee M. +919810289201 snehanshu.team@gmail.com Investment € 154.000 Partners School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi Delhi Development Authority Delhi Urban Arts Commission Dwelling Unit Statistics EWS : 3996 : 44% LIG : 3440 : 37% MIG : 1224 : 13.5% HIG : 400 : 5.5 %
(conceptualised in) 2014 (IND) National Capital Region, Delhi
Project Description Background: The Chhawla- Khanpur Township model was an academic project based on a land-pooling mechanism to make the original landowners the primary stakeholders in the development. Capital is to be invested by the overflowing neighbouring city of Najafgarh. One of the main challenges was of households with contrasting economic status, while promoting integration & coexistence between them Cluster development The total site area of 1.2 sq.kms houses 9060 dwelling units with an average density of 7550 DU’s/ sq.km. Expertise: -Our Smart Landscape Expert was involved in the project and responsible for strategies to create socially inclusive and integrated development. -Zonal Planning and Architectural Design strategies which focus on Sustainable and Inclusive Housing were implemented. -Shared common spaces were proposed to promote community integration using Cluster development. -In the plan proposed, priority was given to pedestrians. -It also demonstrated Last mile connectivity between major nodes and NMT.
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CLIMATE EFFICIENT URBAN MOBILITY AND SMART CITY GROWTH STRATEGIC MASTERPLAN FRAMEWORK
2018- 2020 (PAK) Karachi
Project description Contracting Authority Friedrich Naumann Stiftung für die Freiheit Implemeting Authority Shehri-CBE Contact Person Mr. Farhan Anwar M. +92(21)34530646 info@shehri.org Investment € 11.850 Partners Sindh Mass Transit Authority Karachi Municipal Corporation
Background:
Karachi is estimated to be the 10th largest city in the world by 2020 and is the only megacity without a BRT. The proposed BRT Network entails various projects funded by the World Bank, ADB and the Federal Government. The office of Friedrich Naumann Stiftung Pakistan initiated a three (3) year project. Expertise: -MUSCO’s Principal Executive Manager was part of the project team and engaged with several stakeholders such as government officials, professionals, academia and civil society. -Various FGDs with critical stakeholders assisted in generating innovative solutions for promoting sustainable urban mobility in Karachi some of which are under consideration by the City Government to be incorporated as city policies. -A publication in the form of a strategy paper was also published after concluding the contextual research in the first year.
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Project Title: Sustainable Economic Development of Dar es-Salaam with a Citizen-Centric Approach (SEDDCA)
Project Timeframe: The timeframe of SEDDCA shall be as follows: Planning: 12 Months Execution: To be decided later
Authors: Fizza Fatima, Aditya Awari, Jong Hee Paik, Sreeparna Mitra
Abbreviations: SEDDCA: Sustainable Economic Development of Dar es-Salaam Citizen-Centric Approach LH: Korea Land & Housing Corporation KNC: Kigamboni New City DSM: Dar es-Salaam Heerim: Heerim Architects and Planners
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INTRODUCTION: Today Dar es-Salaam ranks second on Africa’s Fastest Growing Cities and is estimated to grow from 6 million people today to 13.4 million by 2035. 1 This fast-paced growth has come with its own set of challenges such as shortage of housing, traffic congestions and environmental degradation. Amidst these circumstances, Kigamboni or the New City is a beacon of hope for Dar es Salaam and Tanzania. Given its strategic location, Kigamboni has the potential to become the New Hub for economic development, industry, residence and tourism for not just Tanzania but the entire African continent. The SEDDCA is greatly aware of the unparalleled opportunities Kigamboni has to offer and therefore puts forward a unique vision for the city. The SEDDCA aims to take into account the factors for the delay and unfulfillment of the project in the last 10 years and learn from past challenges. Furthermore, the SEDDCA aims to retain the successes of the original plan and revise strategies to prevent further delays in making Kigamboni a reality. The main aim of SEDDCA is to assist the clients in augmenting economic development in the region by taking steps that are aligned with the government’s vision. It shall also take into account the growth of population, which rises faster than the supply of the services.
1
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/04/tanzanian-city-may-soon-be-one-of-the-worlds-most-populous/
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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MASTER PLAN OF 2008
Source: Ministry of Lands, Housing & Human Settlements Development (MLHHSD)
Location: Kigamboni, Dar es-Salaam, Tanzania Project Area: 64,944,00 sq. m. Population: 500,000 people (2002 Census)
The Kigamboni New City Master Plan developed by Korea Land and Housing Corporation (LH) for the Ministry of Lands, Housing & Human Settlements Development in 2008. The vision of the plan was to transform Kigamboni into a Transportation and Industrial hub, connecting Africa to the Indian Ocean. However, the project was postponed due to several reasons, thus resulting in economic losses for Tanzania. Some of the reasons are discussed below briefly, which assisted in forming the SEDDCA vision to avoid repeating past mistakes and pave the way for development.
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Top-down Technocratic Process: The New City plan failed to address the needs of the citizens as it was a top-down planning process with little or no citizen involvement. Ambitious plans were proposed without taking on-ground realities into account, due to which the citizens felt excluded in the process. A study has termed this conflict as “clash of rationalities”, 2 which is the reason why many of the plans could not
2
Source: New City Visions and The Politics Of Redevelopment In Dar Es Salaam https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1070397/FULLTEXT01.pdf)
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materialize and the project faced a great delay. This is why the planning process should be participatory, involving citizens in the decision-making process and aim to address their needs first, thus strengthening the bond between the Governments and its citizens.
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Relocation and Land Control Issues: The relocation and land control issues arose to make the New City a reality as many of the areas proposed in the Master Plan of 2008 were previously inhabited by local residents. These issues were multifold which delayed the implementation of the plan. Firstly, only landowners were eligible for monetary compensation. Secondly, many of the residents were inhabited in informal settlements and thus, received no compensation. Thirdly, as women’s land rights were greatly marginalized and they did not receive adequate compensation. 3 This could have been avoided had the planners taken on-ground realities into account.
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Eradication of Agricultural lands from the plan: Agricultural lands which used to be the primary source of income for a large segment of the population were eradicated from the New City Plan. As most of the inhabitants earned their livelihood from cattle and farming, this affected their financial status and standards of living to a great extent. Additionally, as the Government had limited funds, it could not provide compensation for these lands, which led to further economic deterioration of the citizens.
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Strict and segregated zoning: The New City Master Plan proposed strict zoning and segregated residential areas, education zones, business districts and industrial areas. This planning model has been criticized worldwide to a great extent as it leads to several issues such as follows:
1. Gentrification: As poor households would be forced to live in distant suburbs. 2. Public transportation would be required to connect all areas and if requirements are not met, it would lead to the promotion of private vehicles at a large scale. As the picture below shows, residential zones 5-3, 5-5, AND 5-4 have been planned far away from the industrial zone and the single business district. This would create urban mobility challenges if people were to commute from the aforementioned residential zones to the industrial or business district. 3. Untimely development of the city and organic growth. 4. Formation of informal settlements, which is contrary to the Government’s aim to prevent new informal settlements from springing up. 5. Future expansion and city renewal plans become extremely difficult.
3
Source: New City Visions and The Politics Of Redevelopment In Dar Es Salaam https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1070397/FULLTEXT01.pdf)
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Source: Ministry of Lands, Housing & Human Settlements Development (MLHHSD)
VISION OF SEDDCA: The SEDDCA encompasses a unique vision for Kigamboni to pave the way for international, national and local growth. The crux of SEDDCA is to lay the foundation for economic growth of Dar es-Salaam through the upliftment of local citizens. This is why it entails a citizen-centric approach which would thus propel economic prosperity. We expect the support of our clients, in particular the Government of Tanzania and DSM in forming our vision, as they are the true representatives of the citizens. We aim to address the needs of their citizens with the clients’ support and feedback. As we are critical of the top-down planning done before, we do not wish to impose our own ambitions on the project. Rationale: 1. Many previous projects in Tanzania have failed to see the light of the day as they were determined to be “not serving the public interest” and involved in corruption. One such example is the Dege Eco Village, which was termed as the most ambitious housing project of Dar Es Salam. The 7,000unit estate was stopped mid-construction and the site is now a ghost town 4.. In order to learn
4
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/04/tanzanian-city-may-soon-be-one-of-the-worlds-most-populous/
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from this precedent, the SEDDCA aims to prioritize the needs of the citizens to boost economic growth and development. 2. Putting citizens at the center of the economic growth of Kigamboni would also help in strengthening the trust and faith of the citizens in the government and administration, which the previous plan failed to accomplish.
Action Field 1: Prioritizing the citizens The topmost priority of SEDDCA is to cater to the requirements of the current citizens. The SEDDCA takes into account the resettlement of communities that shall need to take place, but advocates justified and adequate renumeration for the resettled or evicted communities. SEDDCA shall also prioritize housing and employment opportunities for the current citizens in order to boost economic growth. This shall also prevent the formation of new unplanned settlements.
Action Field 2: Revising the Masterplan After conducting an in-depth analysis of the masterplan developed in 2008, the SEDDCA proposes rezoning and revised planning of particular areas to pave the way for sustainable urban growth that aids economic development. The revised SEDDCA Masterplan shall consist of the following components: ●
Multiple nuclei planning model: Learning from the unprecedented growth of DSM, the SEDDCA proposes a multiple-nuclei planning model. In this case, the International Business District proposed in the previous masterplan shall be emulated in other districts as well. Firstly, it would also allow the development of neighborhoods to take place in phases depending on the economic capacity. Secondly, it would prevent the shortage of housing and formation of informal settlements near the business district. Thirdly, it would reduce the burden on transportation and mobility planning. If the previous masterplan had been implemented entirely, residents would have been forced to commute from one end of the city to the other, which would have given rise to additional travel costs and transit projects, hence further burdening the government and its capacity.
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Mitigating and planning for natural disasters: The current greatest environmental challenge faced by the Tanzanian government and leaders is the urban flooding, due to the coastal geography of DSM. Additionally, the polluted Msimbazi River that slices through its urban areas makes it among the most vulnerable cities in Africa. 5 Since
5
Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/04/tanzanian-city-may-soon-be-one-of-the-worlds-most-populous/
23
Kigamboni is surrounded by the sea on its three sides, the SEDDCA puts great importance on flood mitigation and planning. Adequate measures shall be proposed for stormwater drainage keeping in mind the geography of the New City. ●
Provision of Agricultural Lands: Since one of the shortcomings of the previous masterplan was it failed to take the culture and livelihood of the citizens into account, the SEDDCA shall propose specific areas for urban agriculture following global health standards. This would ensure people’s livelihood according to pre-existing ways of life thereby, strengthening their faith in the government and the project.
Action Field 3: Promoting education and healthcare infrastructure The SEDDCA shall also focus on promoting adequate education and healthcare services to the citizens of Kigamboni. SEDDCA aims to plan the provision of these services on public land to cater to economically weaker groups as well. This also aligns with the World Bank’s Vision and would help increase the GDP in the long run. At a glance, the vision of SEDDCA is to be the medium to facilitate the Clients’ provision of services to the Citizens of Tanzania, while collaborating with four main Partners.
The World Bank
Governments
NGO’s
SEDDCA
Private Companies (Tanzania) Private Companies (S. Korea)
Academia
Citizens
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The thematic focus of SEDDCA can be broadly characterized under the following fields:
Economic
Multiple CBDs, GDP Growth
Environmental
Mitigation & Planning for Natural Disasters
Social
Education, Healthcare, Housing
KEY STAKEHOLDERS ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
The World Bank Government of Tanzania Government of Dar es-Salaam Kigamboni Development Agency Temeke Municipal Council Korea Land and Housing Corporation Consortium (LH Consortium) Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development Haki Ardhi, NGO
OBJECTIVES: ● ● ● ●
Take social, economic and cultural realities of DSM into account. To propose strategies to generate social and economic benefits. To ensure community involvement in the decision-making process. Propose adequate infrastructure that can be implemented in a realistic timeframe.
PROJECT INDICATORS:
● ● ● ●
Creation of employment and housing opportunities. Adequate compensation in case of resettlement of communities. Regular citizen participation and involvement. Initiatives to promote education and health are incorporated into policies.
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METHODOLOGY Planning Stage
Total Duration -12 months
This section provides a practical framework for implementation and realization of the discussed objectives and visions. Stage 1- Understanding Client Expectations
Duration: 1 week
Step 1: MUSCO Principal Manager shall travel to Dar es-Salaam for executive level meetings and undertakings. Individual meetings with each client and a meeting with all client representatives together shall be scheduled to know their vision, expectations, do’s and don'ts from their individual and collective perspectives for the KNC 2020. Step 2: All the requirements and views shall be documented. In case of any extreme anomaly, the individual clients will be informed accordingly by MUSCO. Thereby, an in-depth understanding of expectations from the client's side towards the new master plan of Kigamboni will be established.
Stage 2 – Critical Reflection of KNC Master Plan of 2008
Duration: 15 weeks
A critical reflection of the previous Master Plan from 2008 shall be conducted by the MUSCO experts. This critical reflection shall assist in creating an effective and grounded approach for the new Master Plan by MUSCO. Step 1: Our Korean MUSCO partner shall conduct interviews with relevant representatives from LH and Heerim, who were responsible for the KNC Master Plan 2008, to understand the objectives and challenges in their proposal and planning phases. The same MUSCO partner shall obtain relevant documents and coordinate between the two firms involved. Step 2: MUSCO shall also contact relevant authorities to procure approved documents by the Governments of Dar es-Salaam and Tanzania, such as maps, survey plans, estimates, etc. submitted by LH. Step 3: All the documents and collected information of the previous KNC Master Plan of 2008 will be crossreferenced and analyzed by MUSCO. An advanced desk research shall be conducted by comparing this analysis with the current and projected future scenario in DSM.
Stage 3 – Data Collection and Planning for SEDDCA
Duration: 17 weeks
After the critical analysis of the KNC Master Plan of 2008, MUSCO shall analyze available and required data to align with the client’s expectations for KNC 2020. Step 1: MUSCO shall contact the Governments of Dar es-Salaam and Tanzania to procure the latest detailed survey maps with existing natural features (lakes, ponds, green area, etc.), existing infrastructures, and/or proposed infrastructures (buildings, water lines, electricity lines, sewage lines etc.). This information shall be used to analyze the topography and infrastructural growth of the context for efficient planning of SEDDCA.
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Step 2:. MUSCO shall contact our local surveyors and/or local NGO and Academia partners to obtain insufficient data. MUSCO shall coordinate with them directly to increase efficiency and work as the mediator in situations of multiple persons with incoherent data from their own database. Step 3: In case the expertise isn’t available in the MUSCO partner database, MUSCO shall advertise tenders for appointment of relevant agencies to obtain any in sufficient data.
Stage 4 – MUSCO’s vision for SEDDCA
Duration: 11 weeks
This stage will include compilation of the previous 3 stages and inferences drawn from them to form a substantive initial SEDDCA vision. Step 1: MUSCO team in Darmstadt shall have online conferences with the local partners and experts in DSM. This meeting shall add to the MUSCO’s vision for KNC 2020, thereby strengthening and grounding the process with local expertise and knowledge. Step 2: With the input of the field experts, MUSCO’s interdisciplinary team shall make the first draft of SEDDCA’s vision with key points of: 1.
Multi-nuclei city planning model with focus on: a. Central Business District (CBD)- The CBD will be designed in ideal locations with good access, keeping in mind the positive contribution that investors can bring to the economy of DSM and Tanzania. b. Housing- SEDDCA shall incorporate low, middle- and high-income housing with resettlement plans. c. Educational facilities- Provisions will be made for both public and private educational institutions with open spaces in the vicinity. d. Healthcare facilities- Allocation of private and public healthcare facilities shall be done in the multi-nuclei decentralized planning model. e. Tourism- Keeping in mind the economic, developmental and infrastructural potential of the region brought by sea-tourism, eco-tourism and safaris, SEDDCA shall accommodate essential facilities for the same. f. Green public spaces- SEDDCA shall have green zones as an integral part of its Master Plan because of their social and cultural significance in the lives of the residents. These spaces shall also act as natural facilitators in recharging the environment. g. Sustaining informal economy: SEDDCA shall accommodate the informal economies to sustain the local and cultural identities of the region.
2. Mitigation and planning around disasters in KNC with focus on: a. Realizing the effects and damage that natural and man-made disasters could bring about to a city, building resilience shall be an integral part of the Master Plan design process. b. Zoning and land-use allocation shall be done in accordance with the natural topography of the region thereby, making sure that the natural drainage of the region is not hampered with. Permeable and semi-permeable materials shall be used in the designing of surfaces to recharge ground water for sustainable growth and development of the region at large. 3. Provision of Agricultural Lands: a. Preliminary research shows dependence of major populations residing in the region on agriculture and related activities. SEDDCA shall bring in concepts of land-pooling,
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community agriculture and shared spaces. This ensures contextual grounding of SEDDCA and promotes community and individual needs in the city.
Stage 5 – Contacting Partners
Duration: 12 weeks
MUSCO aims to collaborate with local partners with in-depth knowledge of the local communities to develope a better understanding of the context. Step 1: Our two local NGO partners, ‘Haki Ardhi’ and ‘World Vision Tanzania’, shall be responsible in helping us conduct on-site Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Interviews with ward and sub-ward representatives and residents of the region. The details shall be discussed and scheduled as per the requirements. This shall be advertised by the local NGO partners and communicated by the ward and subward representatives to the residents. Step 2: For expertise in natural disasters, MUSCO team shall contact a professor in the School of Geography and appoint two PhD student of Environmental Science from the University of Dar es-Salaam. This shall spearhead the strategies on local traditional knowledge and incorporate it with the available scientific know-how into SEDDCA. Step 3: For expertise on building constructions, by-laws and local preference of architectural styles, traditions and methods, one Architect from ‘Archplan International Ltd.’ shall be appointed by MUSCO. Step 4: One Landscape Architect from the ‘Landscape Specialist Company’ shall be appointed by MUSCO to incorporate ground realities of the local terrain and topography into planning and implementation strategies of SEDDCA. Step 5: MUSCO shall contact and communicate with its partners directly and ensure coordination of data. A brief of the project along with our vision and all relevant details will be shared with all partners. Meetings shall be scheduled as per the progress of the project.
Stage 6 – Site Visit to Dar es-Salaam
Duration: 6 weeks
The MUSCO Principal Manager and Operations Manager shall travel to Dar es-Salaam. MUSCO Principal Manager will stay for 10 days to help kick-start the process, while the Operations Manager will stay back in DSM for 1.5 months, working as the on-site project coordinator. We expect our clients’ assistance in this regard to ensure that the scheduled meetings, FGDs and interviews take place accordingly. Step 1: MUSCO Principal Manager and Operations Manager shall meet the clients and discuss the current status of the project and kick-start the project. Step 2: MUSCO Operations Manager shall visit the site with the local NGO partners and conduct FGDs (Focus Group Discussions) about the preliminary SEDDCA vision in coordination with the ward and subward representatives. Approximately 11 FDGs shall be conducted (2 per ward for smaller wards, 3 for bigger wards). This process shall take place in the 1.5 months that the MUSCO Operations Manager is on the site. Step 3: MUSCO Operations Manager along with partner NGOs shall conduct semi-structured and open thematic interviews to make sure that details and relevant information through personal interaction
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is not missed out on. They will interview government officials and residents of Dar es-Salaam. FGDs with leaders of Christian and Muslim Communities shall also be conducted. Step 4: MUSCO Operations Manager shall meet with local experts to gain local perspective on the SEDDCA’s vision. The experts shall comprise a professor and two PhD students from the University of Dar es-Salaam, an Architect from ‘Archplan International Ltd.’ and a Landscape Architect from ‘Landscape Specialist Company.’ Step 5: MUSCO Operations Manager shall re-evaluate and cross-check the data with the existing site conditions to make sure all relevant data is in place. If needed, a professional surveyor shall be contacted to further supplement any insufficient information.
Stage 7– Superimposing Gathered Data on First Draft
Duration: 25 weeks
Step 1: The gathered data shall be shared with the MUSCO team in Darmstadt. Keeping in mind the vision, the needs and the expectations of the citizens and the clients, the data shall be examined and categorized for further implementation through interactive knowledge sharing and brain-storming sessions. Step 2: MUSCO team shall revise their preliminary vision, and form a final comprehensive vision for SEDDCA, fulfilling the aspirations of the clients, residents and the stakeholders. MUSCO team shall share final SEDDCA vision with clients to update them with the progress of the project. Step 3: As per the final SEDDCA vision, the MUSCO team will prepare the first draft of SEDDCA Master Plan for the new KNC 2020. Step 4: MUSCO team shall report the first SEDDCA Master Plan draft with the clients via online meetings and receive feedback. MUSCO team shall consider relevant inputs given from the clients.
Stage 8– Feasibility Study
Duration: 14 weeks
Step 1: MUSCO team shall begin the feasibility study by internal SWOT analysis of the first SEDDCA Master Plan draft in accordance with the inputs from clients, planning partners (local NGOs and local experts). Step 2: MUSCO team shall call for tenders from local contractors for the KNC Master Plan 2020. Through this process, a preliminary cost estimation will be made. Step 3: MUSCO team shall coordinate with local partner NGOs and partner experts to carry out surveys of the local communities to study their satisfaction levels for the newly proposed master plan. Step 4: MUSCO team shall finalize the feasibility study of the SEDDCA Master Plan draft, and share the results with the clients.
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Stage 9– Finalization of the Master Plan
Duration: 8 weeks
Step 1: MUSCO team shall compile all the inputs and feedback from the clients, local partners and the communities, and finalize the SEDDCA Master Plan. Step 2: MUSCO team shall revise the final cost estimation for the execution of the SEDDCA Master Plan. Step 3: The final SEDDCA Master Plan and the final cost estimation shall be submitted to the clients for review and approval.
B. Execution Phase According to the SEDDCA vision, MUSCO proposes a phase-by-phase execution procedure, designed in a way to build revenue sources and generate capital for the new KNC 2020. This shall compensate for the construction costs and simultaneously look at resettlement options, thereby making the process citizencentric. Phase 1: Utilities and services: Basic services such as water and electricity supply, sewage lines and storm water lines shall be primarily executed in the first phase to improve the existing conditions of the residents, as well as the main access roads shall be executed to improve accessibility to the KNC region from other parts of the city of DSM. Phase 2: Decentralised zoning: The decentralised CBDs shall be executed next as a revenue source to help with the construction costs of the project. Markets and commercial facilities in all the zones shall be developed in this phase. Simultaneously, the displaced residents (if any) shall be provided with housing facilities or land in the region (as per requirements). Phase 3: Tourism facilities: Next the tourist facilities will be executed that shall act as a medium to generate further revenue and provide job opportunities. Similar to phase 2, the displaced residents (if any) shall be provided with housing facilities or land in the region (as per requirements). Phase 4: Educational and healthcare facilities: Further, the development of educational and healthcare facilities shall take place, keeping the same concept of simultaneous resettlement of the displaced residents (if any). Phase 5: Residential and green public spaces: Completion of the residential area and the green public spaces shall happen in the last phase to accommodate the increasing population.
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ESTIMATED BUDGET OF MASTER PLAN PROPOSAL
SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED BY MUSCO: MUSCO shall be responsible for provision of the following: • • •
• •
MUSCO shall ensure Data Collection and Planning for SEDDCA. MUSCO shall be responsible for the Master Plan and Feasibility Study of SEDDCA. MUSCO shall make available all relevant personnel for specific presentations at any time when called upon by the Client. (The Clients shall make provision for any costs associated with these requirements.) MUSCO shall also carry out a Site Visit by the Principal Manager and Operations Manager. MUSCO Operations Manager shall be stationed in DSM to kick-start the process and ensure Client’s satisfaction.
SUPPORT TO BE PROVIDED BY CLIENTS: In order to ensure smooth and timely completion of the Planning Phase of SEDDCA, we hope to receive support from our clients in the following arenas:
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The Clients shall support in forming our Vision as the Tanzanian and Dar es-Salaam Governments are the true representatives of the people and can help us in addressing the needs of their citizens. As we are critical of the top-down planning done before, we do not wish to impose our own ambitions on the project. The Clients shall support in timely and efficient data procurement. The Client shall provide liaison with other Ministries and Government departments to introduce MUSCO. The Client shall issue support letters to obtain relevant documents from government organizations or private institutions, based on the country regulations. The Client shall ensure regular and continuous funding to continue the Planning Phaser without delays, to avoid economic losses for any of the clients. The Client shall provide assistance in obtaining Infrastructure plans such as Water Supply, Sewage Management and Solid Waste Management etc. Additionally, the client shall also provide previous Reports and Documentations deemed relevant for SEDDCA. The Client shall assist our on-site project coordinator with adequate facilities during the 6th stage. The Client shall also provide office space for the aforementioned. The Client shall support in promoting healthcare and educational facilities, as SEDDCA aims to provide these on public land to cater to economically weaker groups as well. This also aligns with the World Bank’s Vision and would also contribute to increase in GDP. The Client shall support in creating awareness about natural disasters and mitigation, as part of SEDDCA.
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