English expo

Republica bolivariana de venezuela Ministerio del poder popular para la educacion Instituto universitario politecnico Santiago Mari単o Merida

Location Of Industrial Plants

Integrantes: Avenda単o Rondon jose

Location of plants iportance of the desicion 1--the process of locating the right place to install an industrial plant requires analysis of various factors, and from the point of economic, social, technological and market among other view.

Industrial location, distribution of equipment or machinery, plant design and equipment selection are some factors to consider such risks before trading, which if not carried out properly could cause serious problems in the future and thus losing a lot of money.

In general, the location decisions could be categorized as uncommon; in fact, some companies only take once in their history. This is usually the case of small local companies, small businesses or shops, bars and restaurants, etc. For others, however, is much more common; for example: banks, chain stores and restaurants, hotel companies, etc. Thus we see that the location decision affects not only start-ups, but also to those already in operation. The frequency with which these problems depends on several factors is presented; among them, we can mention the type of installation (is much more common opening stores or outlets that factories) or type of firm (a firm of services often requires more industrial facilities). At present, most intensity with which changes have taken place in the economic environment is increasingly the assiduity with which companies are questions related to the location of its facilities.

Markets, tastes and preferences of consumers, competition, technology, raw materials, etc., are continuously changing today and organizations have to adapt to give the answer to these changes by modifying their operations.

The location of industries due to some or more of the reasons explained below: January 2 1. Proximity to raw material: An industry tends to be located in that region in which the materials required for this type of industry are available. The proximity to raw materials reduces the production cost as the cost of transporting materials to the factory is minimized. For example traditionally the sugar industry to set up their factories in central areas where the plants from which sugar (sugar cane, sugar beet) is obtained grown.

2. Proximity to market and close: Some industries tend to settle in the vicinity of its consumer market. This helps minimize the cost of transporting the finished product from the factory to the market. Some industries that export their finished products and imported raw materials prefer located near ports so as to minimize transportation costs.

3. Availability of labor: The workforce is an important factor certain production processes. The industries that need skilled workers tend to concentrate where such labor is readily available in quantity and at an appropriate cost.

For example the toy industry took root in the 1960s and 1970s in Hong Kong due to the availability of abundant cheap labor. Access to extremely cheap labor, energy availability and an attractive tax system,

coupled with access to large ports, are the main reasons that led the late twentieth century many automakers to file its factories in several areas of China.3 4. Availability of energy: Main factor of location ,market ,labor,energy ect The industries require energy at appropriate prices, some industries are consuming large amounts of energy. Energy shortages can disrupt and adversely affect the operation of industries. Therefore, those industries such as blast furnaces require rather large amounts of energy placed in certain areas where a large power supply exists.

5. Access to transportation: Transportation costs play an important role in the localization industry. Usually industries tend to settle in regions that have good roads are roads, railways, airports and ports depending on the case.

6. Availability of financial support: The financial aspects are an important element in the development and operation of industries.

Therefore, industries tend to settle in regions where banks and other financial institutions to draw on for their needs.

7. Climate: In some industries have preferences for certain types of climates. For example, the cotton textile industry requires a humid climate, while watchmaking instead has a preference for areas with a cool climate.

8. Taxes: 4 Governments sometimes grant tax benefits or incentives to specific industries or in certain regions as a way of promoting economic development of countries. Therefore certain industries sometimes decide to locate their factories especially after analyzing the tax conditions of the region.

Methodos analizis tansportation and cost METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION: The transport method laprogramaciรณnlineal, can be used parasometer test the impact on costs have the potential diversasubicaciones example: Find elplande lademandacon distribution to meet the minimum cost of transport between plants and warehouses Fixed costs: The new facilities or expansions from the beginning bring consigofijos in which they are incurred only once, which shall be recovered from losingresos, if any lainversiรณnha to be profitable. โ ขthe methodos analysi of location Costosvariables: Once built, the new facility should be provided depersonale initiate activities, and these soncostosque depend on location. The choice finalde location must be one that offers the best equilibriototal in compliance funciรณndel lamisiรณndela organization.

Preliminary study: In elprocesodeplaneaciónpara identify viable sites, from the beginning a selection study is undertaken.

After identifying certain factoresclave, laadministracióndebe undertake a search of emplazamientosopcionales that seem compatible with the general requirements Detailed analysis: In each of the potential points unainvestigación can be carried out on the manpower to assess the availability of máspráctica location. The reaction of important lacomunidades. To evaluate and implement strategies that the prevailing lasactitudes acareen one aceptaciónfavorable in place community, lasencuestasde opinion may be useful Systems based on the evaluation factors: 1.A assessments factors often used in general lasevaluaciones as optional locations. susencillez provide the rationale for why unemplazamiento is preferred compared to another; 2. allow administrators factoresrelacionados considerations location in elprocesodeevaluación, and 3. promote consistency of approach in assessing the merits relativosde options before deciding the final location