Seoul Studio 2017

SEOUL STUDIO 2017 school of architecture | uncc

SEOUL STUDIO | UNCC School of Architecture, UNC Charlotte Jeffrey S. Nesbit

Stu d e n t Re s e a rc her s:

Bri t tany Battai le Me rr i c k Casti llo Ch ri sto ph er Po pe Bek i m Sej di u Ib h a Sh resth a Jo n a th an War ner

@ 2 0 1 7 Je f f rey S Nesb i t All ri g h ts re s e rved No p a rt of th i s volume may b e used or rep rod uced i n any manner w i th o u t w ri tte n p er mi ssi on from the author

All wo rk i s d e f i ned und er d i rec ti on of: Je f f rey S Ne s b i t

Wo rk co m p le ted by stud ents of: S EO UL S T UDIO / U N CC Su mmer 201 7 Sc h o o l of Arc hi tec ture, UNC Char lotte

Fo r m o re i nfo rmati on on S EO U L STU DIO contac t: Je f f rey S Ne s b i t j n e s b i t9 @ u n cc . ed u

SEOUL

STUDIO 2017 SEOUL STUDIO | UNCC School of Architecture, UNC Charlotte Jeffrey S Nesbit

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Seoul Museum of History Korean War Invasion5

TABLE

of c o n t e n t s:

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

introduction context environment commerce artifact landscape the studio

“It is about everything being interconnected.

Thinking of everything as being connected to everything else offers us a way to reconsider the system we live in; a system which otherwise favors highly individualistic, consumerdriven principles. One of the great issues hampering climate action, for example, is our inability to feel connected to something as massive and all-encompassing as the climate. The ideas of connectedness and interdependence are tools to turn ideas into action.�

- Olafur Eliasson, Contact (2014) 14

PKM Solo Exhibition Olafur Eliasson15

01 introduction

Acting more like a v historical artifact he Sungnyemun becom

Artifact, Commerce, and Landscape: An Urban Eco-syste m in Seoul J ef fr ey S N e s b i t Essay edited from Congress of Interna tional Union of Arc hitects, Seoul 2017

1. In t rodu ct ion Ur ban m u n icipalities have the tend e n c y t o n u r t u r e historic al, isolated m emo ry.

Wh ile is olat ed, the c aric atures of o ve ri dealiz ed r eferenc es define landm ar k s a s n av igat ion al tools as well as disting u i sh an icon ogra phy for global iden t i t y.

His t or ically, c ities have positio n e d ar c h it ect u ral ar tifac ts, attem pting t o main t ain t h e relationships m anifest e d f rom even t s and reflec tions of its c iti z e n s.

Aldo Ros s i desc ribes the c ity as “ the l o cu s of collect ive m em ory” and intrinsica l l y def in es t h e interconnec ted relation sh i p bet ween t h e people and the ar ti fa ct s l ef t beh in d. As the locus, or collec tio n s o f ar t if act beco m e “ the city’s predomi n a n t i mage”, t h e c ity has the ability t o mat er ializ e m em ory and c ulture ( Ro ssi 130) . W h ile the c ity progresses into n ew t ec h n ological paradigm s, isolated, p a st r ef er en ces s eem to lose their inten d e d , i n h er en t qu alities of absolute colle ct i ve memor ies. Pa r ticular ly, the arc hitect u ra l t ools lac k t he ability to evolve as t h e u r ban f abr ic c ontinues to extend i n t o con t emporar y and future evolution. Ro ssi

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a d d re sse s t h i s co n t i g u o u s d i l e m m a a n d co n t i n u e s t o ex p l a i n h ow “ce r t a i n a r t i fa ct s b e co m e p a r t o f i t s m e m o ry, n ew o n e s e m e rge ”. B y st a t i n g “n ew ”, i t i s i m p l i e d t h a t t h e l o cu s m u st c h a n ge a n d b e co m e p a r t i ci p a t o ry i n t h e n a t u re o f fu t u re so ci e t a l a d a p t a t i o n . I f t h e a r t i fa ct s a re a l t e re d st a t e s o f l o ci , t h e n i t s i m p l i ca t i o n s co n t ri b u t e t o a l o ss o f h i st o ri ca l n a rra t i o n a n d e ffe ct i ve l y b l u r a l l u si o n , o r e ve n m o re d ra m a t i ca l l y, b re a k fro m a n a sso ci a t i ve re fe re n ce.

2 . A r t i fa ct - S u n g nye m u n T h e ge n e ra t i o n o f e vo l u t i o n a ry m e m o ry a d d re ss p re se r va t i o n i n a d d i t i o n t o co n fl i ct s o f my t h – t h e re l a t i o n sh i p b e t we e n b u i l t fo r m a n d t ra n sm i t t e d m e m o ry. I n Jo h n R u sk i n’s S e ve n La m p s o f A rc h i t e ct u re, h e d i re ct l y a d d re sse s si m i l a r q u e st i o n s o f p a st k n ow l e d ge i n t o fu t u re re sp o n si b i l i t y. W i t h i n t h e “La m p o f M e m o ry ” R u sk i n d e cl a re s, “i t i s a ga i n n o q u e st i o n o f ex p e d i e n c y o r fe e l i n g w h e t h e r we sh a l l p re se r ve t h e b u i l d i n g s o f t h e p a st t i m e s o r n o t . We h a ve n o ri g h t w h a t e ve r t o t o u c h t h e m . T h ey a re n o t o u rs. T h ey b e l o n g t o t h o se w h o b u i l t t h e m , a n d p a r t l y t o a l l t h e ge n e ra t i o n s o f m a n k i n d w h o a re t o fo l l ow u s.” ( R u sk i n 3 5 8 ) At fi rst it

Seoul’s pursuit of urbanism, and ult economy.

may s eem as though Ruskin is c onde m n i n g t h e pos s ibility of ar tifact adaptat i o n t o f u r t h er ex tend isolated m em orie s i n t o f u t u r e generations. Instead, it co u l d be ar gu ed he is critic izing hist o ri ca l pr es er vat ion m ethods of protec tin g a n d f r eez in g a r tifacts in isolated tim e. T h e memor y of tim e and spac e does not s u g ge st eradicat ion of isolated m em ory e i t h e r.

Ru s k in elaborates, “ the super ind u ce d an d accidental beauty is m ost c omm o n l y in con s is t en t w ith the preser vatio n o f or igin al c h a rac ter, and the picturesq u e i s t h er efor e sought in r uin, and suppo se d t o con s is t in decay.” (Ruskin 351) So, h ow does t h is kind of preser vation c ont ri b u t e t o polit ical, ec onom ic , and environm e n t a l pas t , pr es e nt, and future unpredic ta b i l i t y ?

T h e myt h s associated w ith pre se r ve d is olat ed mem ories, par ticular ly t h o se s t r u gglin g to be kept frozen in t i m e, deliver c onflicting ar tificialities of emer gen t fluc tuations. The city of S e o u l pos s es s es an exem plary exam p l e o f evolu t ion ary grow th and contem p o ra ry s t rat if icat ion. Onc e par t of the o l d cit y wall during the Joseon Dy n a st y, Su n gnyem u n gate m onum entally sta n d s a s a s t on ewalled str ucture w ith a two-t i e re d t radit ion al Korean roof. Considered a s a

n a t i o n a l t re a su re, t h e ga t e i s a p hy si c a l a r t i fa ct o f a t ra d i t i o n a l p a st o ri g i n a l l y co n st r u ct i o n i n 1 3 9 8 . H owe ve r, t h e ga t e wa s re co n st r u ct e d i n 1 4 4 7 , 1 4 7 9 , 1 9 6 1 , a n d m o re re ce n t l y a ft e r a fi re a l m o s t co m p l e t e l y d e st roye d t h e st r u ct u re i n 2 0 0 8 . A l t e re d a n d re co n st r u ct e d m a ny t i m e s o ve r, t h e S u n g nye m u n h a s b e e n t h e t a rge t o f m u c h cri t i ci sm a ga i ns t g o ve r n m e n t a l p re se r va t i o n p o l i ci e s. Th e co n t e m p o ra ry ci t y a ct i ve l y d e ve l o p s a ro u n d i t s p e ri p h e ry ; i n cl u d i n g h i g h ri se b u i l d i n g s, su bway co n st r u ct i o n , a n d st re e t t ra ffi c. T h e se d e ve l o p m e n t s ca us e st r u ct u ra l c h a l l e n ge s w i t h v i b ra t i o n s, p a s t i n ci d e n ce s o f va n d a l i sm , a n d d i sr u p t i o n s a cce ssi n g t h e ga t e ; a l l o f w h i c h p o s e t h re a t s t o t h e l a n d sca p e su rro u n d i n g t h e h i st o ri ca l m o n u m e n t . W h e n my t h b e co me s m a t e ri a l m e m o ry “t h e l o g i ca l p ri n ci p l e o f t h e ci t y h a s a l re a dy e m e rge d fro m i t s re l a t i o n sh i p w i t h n a t u re a n d b e co m e s t h e ex p e ri e n ce w h i c h i s t ra n sm i t t e d .” ( Ro ssi 1 3 4 ) Act i n g m o re l i ke a vo i d , th e h i st o ri ca l a r t i fa ct h e re a t S u n g nye m u n b e co m e s fu r t h e r a n d fu r t h e r u n g l u e d fro m i t s a sso ci a t e d h i st o ry, ex p e ri e n ce, a n d u l t i m a t e l y d i st o r t s t ra n sm i t t e d m e a n in g a m o n g st a dy n a m i c u rb a n e vo l u t i o n .

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Fig.1. Sungnyemun Gate, 2008 (courtesy of Jaewon Lee) / Sungnyemun aerial (courtesy of Naver)

3. Commer ce - N am daem un I n t h e con tem porary c ity of S e o u l , t ec h n ological system s, infrastr uctu re s, an d commerce acc lim ate to c ha n ge r emar k ably well and oscillate dire ct l y u p again s t the stagnant instances o f i s olat ed ar t ifac ts. Dating bac k to 1 5 t h cen t u r y, t h e N am daem un m ar ket st i l l i n operat ion t oday is the largest traditi o n a l mar ket in Ko rea. The m erc hants occu py a mas s ive 16-ac re urban bloc k situa t e d i mmediat ely adjac ent to the Sungnye m u n gat e compr ised of networ ked alleyway s, l ar ge- s cale shopping m alls, and a n ext en ded u n derground m ar ket. The succe ss of t h e mar ket critic ally depends u p o n t h e dis t r ibu tion and flow s of c om me rce an d goods ranging from clothes, t oy s, an d f in e ar t , to kitc henware, equipme n t , an d elect ron ics. Both consum er’s and t h e mer c h an t ’s ability to flow goods a n d mon ies ef f iciently into N am daem un fro m var iou s access points ac ross the ci t y r equ ir e a h ighly effec tive infor m al sy st e m of t ran s por tation and exc hange. T h i s s ys t em of product distribution freque n t l y r elies on it s ow n ability for adaptati o n i n a rapidly c hanging m ar ket and uti l i z e s Seou l’s as t onishing courier ser vice a n d i n for mal, but speedy, m oped cul t u re

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a n d b o n g o t r u c k s. Cu l t u re, t e c h n o l o gy, t o u ri sm , a n d e ve n e n t e r t a i n m e n t p ro d u ce d o u t o f va ri a t i o n s i n n o r t h e a st A si a ca n g re a t l y i m p a ct t h e ro l e a n d su cce ss o f t h e m a r ke t w i t h o ve r 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 v i si t o rs d a i l y.

Howe ve r, t h e m a r ke t d i d n o t a l way s h a ve su c h fr u i t fu l a t t a i n m e n t . S u ffe ri n g fro m n u m e ro u s d e st a b i l i z e d i n st a n ce s su c h a s t h e Q i n g I n va si o n o f Ko re a i n 1 6 3 6 , t h e Ja p a n e se O ccu p a t i o n p e ri o d i n 1 9 4 1 , d a m a ge s fro m t h e G re a t F i re i n 1 9 5 4 , a n d a se ve re co l l a p se d u ri n g t h e A si a n fi n a n ci a l cri si s i n t h e 1 9 9 0 ’s, t h e m a r ke t p ro ve s t i m e a n d t i m e a ga i n i t s ow n re si l i e n c y t owa rd s e co n o m i c v i t a l i t y.

S p o n t a n e o u sl y the m a r ke t has d e m o n st ra t e d a n a b i l i t y t o c h a n ge a cco rd i n g t o t h e co n st a n t u n ce r t a i n t y fo r d e l i ve ri n g a n d m a i n t a i n i n g co n t i n u o u s e co n o m i c t ra ffi c. P hy si ca l l y, i n cl u d i n g c h a n ge s w i t h i n m e rc h a n t g o o d s, t h e m a r ke t ra d i ca l l y o ffe rs a n i n cre d i b l e p re ce d e n t o f u rb a n t ra n sfo r m a t i o n.

Ce n t e re d by t h e i n fo r m a l exc h a n ge o f co m m o d i t i e s fo r m o n ey, t h e cl u st e rs o f ve n d o rs, a l l ey s, a n d d i sp a ra t e m e rc h a n t s p ro v i d e m o re a u t h e n t i c co n se q u e n ce s o f co n t e m p o ra ry u rb a n fo r m sh a p e d by t h e re a l i t y o f u n p re d i ct a b l e e co n o m i c p re ssu re s. Co n t ra ry t o t h e S u n g nye m u n

Fig.2. Namdaemun Market (courtesy of Seoulistics) / Namdaemun aerial (courtesy of Naver)

evolu t ion s of c onstantly attem pt i n g t o pr es er ve t he appearance of ar tifa ct fo r h is t or ical display, N am daem un em e rge s as a dif f er ent kind of sym bol by a ct i ve l y en gagin g the dem ands of c u rre n t commer ce and the flow of goods b eyo n d it s own physic al boundary. Shor tly a ft e r t h e Kor ean War in the 1950’s, it wa s n o t u n common to find m ilitary goods fro m t h e Un it ed States, albeit sold illega l l y.

By t h e 1970’s, the m ar ket bec am e k n ow n for t h e f abric ation and vending o f h i g h qu alit y h and sew n fabrics and clo t h i n g.

Alt h ou gh today you find a variet y o f af for dable c lothes, inc luding suits, h a t s, an d f abr ics, m any of the goods are n ow brou gh t in from other fabric ators a cro ss t h e cou n t ry and im por t m any g o o d s f rom Ch in a along w ith other co u n t ri e s in Sou t h ea st Asia. Most interesting, we can con s id er N am daem un m ar ket m o re of a n on - p hysic al c ircum stance c a p a b l e of con t in u ous m orphological pro ce sse s embedded w ithin the integrated u rb a n n et wor k a nd expansive c om m erce o f u n pr edict able econom ic territory.

4. Lan ds cape - 7017 Dir ect ly s outhwest of the N am d a e m u n mar ket , Seo ul Station m ar ks an eno r m o u s

d i sr u p t i o n i n t h e u rb a n fa b ri c o f S e o u l .

T h e h i g h vo l u m e o f p e d e st ri a n t ra ff i c a l o n g w i t h ra i l way i n fra st r u ct u re a n d ve h i cu l a r a cce ss, t h e S e o u l S t a t io n p e ri p h e ry i s c h a n g i n g by a cce ss a n d p ro g ra m ; fu n d a m e n t a l l y ca u si n g m a j o r c h a l l e n ge s i n p e r m i t t i n g p u b l i c sp a c e t o e m e rge. A s p a r t o f t h e S e o u l S t a t i o n i n fra st r u ct u ra l n e t wo r k , a n e l e va t e d o ve rp a ss wa s co n st r u ct e d i n 1 9 7 0 t o a l l ow fo r ve h i cl e s t o p ro ce e d o ve r t h e m a ssi ve i n t e rr u p t i o n b e l ow. Al t h o u g h th e h i g h way o ve rp a ss a ssi st e d i n co n n e ct in g t h e va ri o u s n e i g h b o rh o o d t ra n si t l i n e s, by 2 0 1 2 t h e S e o u l M e t ro p o l i t a n G o ve r n m e n t d e ci d e d t h e st r u ct u re h a d b e co me u n st a b l e fo r co n t i n u e d ve h i cu l a r u s e.

B y 2 0 1 4 , u n d e r M ayo r Pa r k Wo n -so on’s c h a rge, t h e ci t y i n i t i a t e d i t s p l a n s t o t ra n sfo r m t h e st r u ct u re i n t o a n u rb a n p a r k .

De scri b e d by M ayo r Pa r k , t h e o ve rp a s s w i l l “b e co m e a ca t a l y st fo r t h e re v i va l a n d re ge n e ra t i o n o f n e i g h b o ri n g re g i o n s t h ro u g h t h e h i g h n u m b e r o f v i si t o rs” a n d h a d b e e n i n sp i re d by t h e re ce n t a n d h i g h l y su cce ssfu l Hi g h l i n e re ge n e ra t i o n p ro j e ct i n N ew Yo r k Ci t y. ( K i m S. 2 0 1 7 ) T h e 9 3 8 m st ri p o f i n fra st r u ct u re from S e o u l S t a t i o n ex t e n d s i n t o t h e l i ve l y N a m d a e m u n M a r ke t . C o i n ci d e n t a l l y, t h e

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Fig.4. Diagram: 7017, Sungnyemun, & Namdaemun as a stratified Seoul. (drawing by Jeffrey S Nesbit)

con n ect ion s m ade attem pt to acti va t e an d r eju ven a te the region for cult u ra l programs an d responds to environm e n t a l c h allen ges within the densely c onflict e d u r ban t er r it ory. In May of 2017, t h e n ew par k , d esigned by MVRDV, ope n e d t o t h e pu blic . Clever ly the fo r m e r i n f ras t r u ct u r e bec om es the stage fo r pu blic en gagem ent, cultural contin u i t y, an d s t rat egic ally stitc hes par ts of t h e cit y bac k together through a n ew l y t ran s for med urban landscape. N ot o n l y does t h e n ew landsc ape c onnect the we st s ide of Seou l Station to N am daem un , b u t als o en ables acc ess into 17 differe n t n odes on t h e ground and directly int o a n u mber of b uilding program s from t h e elevat ed pla tfor m .

F u n ct ion ally productive, the n ew l y en v is ion ed 7017 “sky garden” c onfo r m s i n t o a n ew s ym bol of cultural and u rb a n r egen erat ion.

Even the design a t e d n ame “s k y garden” suggests a kind o f r evolu t ion of urban significance thro u g h ecological s ensitivity by “garden” a n d project ive effects m oving away from t h e grou n d plan e into the “ sky” of fut u re u r ban is m. Re sponding to the threats o f i n f ras t r u ct u ral conflic t, the resou rce s of pedes t r ian ease, tourism , cult u ra l

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p ro g ra m m i n g, a n d e ve n t -m a k i n g p u b l i c a ct i v i t y, t h i s t h i rd ex a m p l e i n o u r st u dy re g i o n d e m a rca t e s ye t a n o t h e r co n d i t i o n b a se d fro m so ci e t a l re fl e ct i o n s a n d t h e p ri o ri t i z a t i o n o f e n v i ro n m e n t a l i m p a ct.

S y m b o l i ca l l y, t h e sl i ce s o f i n fra st r u ct u re u t i l i z e t h e i m a ge o f a l a n d sca p e t o p o l i t i ca l l y a n d g l o b a l l y a m p l i fy S e o u l ’s p u rsu i t o f h e a l t h i e r u rb a n i sm , a n d u l t i m a t e l y i t s e co n o my.

5 . A N ew U rb a n E co -sy st e m Co n t ra ry t o t h e a r t i fa ct o f t h e S o u t h G a t e, t h e n ew a n d h i g h l y p u b l i ci z e d S e o u l S t a t i o n 7 0 1 7 p ro j e ct by W i ny M a a s, h a s b e g u n t o re vo l u t i o n i z e e l e va t e d i n fra st r u ct u re t o p ro m o t e p u b l i c co n n e ct i v i t y, re i n v i g o ra t e e co n o m i c v i t a l i t y, a n d h o p e t o e n co u ra ge i n n o va t i ve e co l o g i ca l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s i n t h e ci t y o f S e o u l . H owe ve r, t h e se e m i n g l y e co l o g i ca l re sp o n se t o e n v i ro n m e n t a l i m p a ct o f t h e ci t y a n d S e o u l S t a t i o n i n fra st r u ct u re fa i l s t o o ve r l a p e n v i ro n m e n t a l a n d e co n o m i ca l a ge n d a s. O n o n e h a n d , t h e i n fra st r u ct u re a l l ow s fo r a n i n cre a se i n p e d e st ri a n co n n e ct i o n a n d o ve ri d e a l i z e s t h e a ct u a l e co l o g i ca l b e n e fi t s o n t h e o t h e r. W i t h a se ri e s o f d i st ri b u t e d co n cre t e p l a n t e rs, t h e ci t y a t t e m p t s

Fig.5 / 6. Hangang Park (courtesy of wikimedia.org) & Bamdokkaebi at Hangang Park (courtesy of Seoul Metropolitan Government)

t o r ely on m icro planting even t h o u g h we h ave num erous succ essful exa m p l e s of ecolog ically c harged urbani sm i n Seou l; in cluding Seonyudo (for m er wa t e r pu r if icat ion plant on an island in th e H a n River ) , Ch e onggyec heon (for m er ele va t e d h igh way excavation), and Hangang Pa r k ( in t egrat ed into the highly exp a n si ve par k s n et wor ked throughout the ci t y ) .

E ven mor e as an over lap of m ult i p l i e d beh av ior, the Hangang Par k in Ye o u i d o t ran s for ms tem porarily into the n i g h t mar ket of Bam dokkaebi. These p ro j e ct s u t iliz e t h e specific m om ents in Se o u l t o u n cover f u ture eco-system s tied to n o t i o n s of ar t if act, com m erce, and landsc a p e i n h igh ly prod uctive ways.

Su n gnyem u n, N am daem un, and 701 7 p o se as mor ph ologic al plastic ity; en a b l i n g collect ive past, present, and future to ex i st s im u lt an eously. However, the proposi t i o n s of t h e m ost recent 7017 ultim a t e l y f ail t o projec t oppor tunities, and l a c k ac k n owledging the ec o-system of u rb a n complexit y, com m erce, environm ent , a n d s pon t an eit y. Onc e again, the den i a l o f evolu t ion ary tim e in isolated m e m o ri e s can be at tributed to obsessed me t h o d s of s ymbolism ; in this instance, not th ro u g h pr es er vat ion, per se, but sym bol of u rb a n

se n si t i v i t y a n d a t t e m p t fo r a h e a l t h i e r u rb a n e n v i ro n m e n t . T h e i n a b i l i t y t o ra d i ca l l y u t i l i z e m u l t i va l e n t l aye rs a n d th e st ra t i fi ca t i o n o f S e o u l a s a n o p p o r t u ni t y fo r u rb a n d i a g n o si s a n d d e si g n su g ge s t m i sse d o p p o r t u n i t i e s fo r re ve a l i n g si n ce r e l o ca l i d e n t i t y a n d p u b l i c p e rfo r m a n ce.

W h a t re m a i n s i s u l t i m a t e l y a n e co l o g i c a l a n d so ci a l cri si s co m p l e t e l y d e p e n d e n t u p o n ex p l o i t a t i o n o f t h re e u rb a n fe a t u re s; m o b i l i t y ( t ra n si t ) , a rc h i ve ( st o ra ge ) , and m o rp h o l o gy ( fo r ma l a n d sy st e m a t i c a d a p t a t i o n ) . T h e fo urd i m e n si o n a l d o m a i n o f d i ve rse p a t t e r n s, sca l e s, p ro g ra m s, and co n st i t u e n t s ca p t u re a hy p e r-m o b i l e u rb a n i sm . I t i s cl e a r t h e d i st ri b u t i o n s o f g o o d s i n S e o u l i s sp e ci fi c t o t h e co n t ex t a n d o ffe r s exci t i n g sy st e m s o f t ra n si t l i n e s. How ca n t h e se re a l m s b e co m e p a r t i ci p a t o r y a m o n g st t h e u rb a n m u l t i p l i ci t y ra t h e r t ha n se ve re d a s we fi n d i n t h e 7 0 1 7 p ro j e c t ?

As ci t i e s t ra n sfo r m , t h e ro l e o f a rc h i v i n g p a st e l e m e n t s o f b e h a v i o r b eyo n d t h e sy m b o l i c a r t i fa ct m ay j u st a l l ow fo r a n a ct i ve l y e n ga ge d p a st , p re se n t , a n d fu t u re si m u l t a n e o u sl y co n st r u ct i n g a n d re co n st r u ct i n g n ew l aye re d n a rra t i ve s o f l o ca l sp e ci fi ci t y. I s i t p o ssi b l e th e h i st o ri ca l t ra n sfo r m a t i o n s i n t h e ci t y c a n

23

nge according to the rtainty for delivering intaining continuous cat alyt ically as a repository of arc hi v i n g u r ban s t orage, m eaning, and innova t i ve per for man ce?

The m orpholog i ca l con s equ en ces dem onstrate dispa ra t e c h aract er is t ic s found in the contem po ra ry megalopolis. Radic ally different t h a n t h e 20t h cen tury cities, we find evid e n ce of hyper- s t ates of urban m orpholo g i e s dir ect ly t ied to investm ents in com m e rce.

However, it m ay be possible to prese n t a k in d of new m orphological de v i ce t h rou gh en v ironm ental m eans func tio n i n g beyon d t h e s ingular arc hitec tural ar t i fa ct of u r ban s pec tacle and historic al sym b o l ?

re ge n e ra t e d by t h e u rb a n d e si g n d e ci si o n s m a d e i n re ce n t ye a rs. I t m ay j u st b e t h a t we w i l l fi n d t h e i n fra st r u ct u re s o f t o d ay b e co m e a r t i fa ct s o f t o m o rrow w h i l e t h e a u t h e n t i ci t y o f u rb a n e co -sy st e m s re co n fi g u re a n d se l f-ge n e ra t e i n fo r m a l l y o ve r a n d o ve r a ga i n .

T h is prov ide s a new fram ewor k fo r con s ider in g the com ponents of dispa ri t y bot h phys ica lly and c ulturally thro u g h an eco- s ys t e m m ade up of ar tifa ct , commer ce, and landsc ape all of wh ic h s u ppor t the benefits contex t u a l s pecif icit y in Seoul. We m ay not need t o l ook ou t s ide this Korean m egalopol i s t o i den t if y ama lgam ations of m orpholog i ca l codes. In s t ead the physical c ondition s, a s pr es en t ed by Sungnyem un and 7017, a n d t h e n on - physic al features establish e d by t h e h igh ly m alleable urban beha v i o r of Namdaem un create unique, powe rfu l modes of design interrogation. O n l y t ime will t ell how the c ity w ill be t r u l y

, it is implied that the locus must ome participatory in the nature of future societal adaptation.

24

The inability to radi multivalent layers a stratification of Seo

Ref er en ces

1) D o ng -a I l b o. ( 2 0 1 4 ) “ Na m d a e m u n Mar ket s howcas e s Ko re a n h i st o ry ” . T h e D O N G -A IL BO. Available at : h t t p : / / e n g l i sh . d o n ga . c o m / L i s t/3/ all/ 26/ 40794 9 / 1 [ A c c e sse d 1 8 M ay 2 0 1 7].

2) H ae U n , R . a n d C h o i , J. ( 2 0 0 8 ) “S ungnye m un: sp i ri t u a l me a n i n g fo r Ko re a n s” .

Ico m o s : S e o ul Re p u b l i c o f Ko re a , D o n g g u k U nive r s it y and Ko n k u k U n i ve rsi t y, p. 1 -7 .

3) Jun S u n g, C . ( 2 0 1 7 ) “ S e o u l l o 7 0 1 7” .

Tim e Out S e o u l : S e o u l , T i m e O u t . Ava i l a b le at: ht t ps :/ / w w w. t i me o u t . c o m/ se o u l / t ra ve l / s e o ullo - 7017 [ A c c e sse d 1 8 M ay 2 0 1 7 ] .

4) Kim , D. ( 2 0 1 7 ) “ S e o u l u n ve i l s c i t y ’s f ir s t highway -t u r n e d -p a r k ” . T h e Ko re a H e rald.

Available at : h t t p : / / w ww. ko re a h e ra l d . c o m/view. php?ud= 2017 0 4 2 5 0 0 0 8 4 2 [ A c c e sse d 1 8 May 2017].

5) Kim , S. ( 2 0 1 7 ) “ [ P ro v i n c i a l N ew s] S e o ullo 7017 , o ve rp a ss-t u r n e d -p a r k , t o o pe n S atur day ” . T h e Ko re a T i me s. Ava i l a ble at: ht t ps :/ / w w w. ko re a t i me s. c o. k r/ ww w/ nat io n/ 2017/ 0 5 / 2 8 1 _ 2 2 9 5 5 9 . h t ml [ A c c e s sed 18 May 2017].

6) “ N am daem un Mar ket: L argest Traditiona l Mar ket In Korea” . (2014) The Seoul Guide.

Available at: http://w w w.theseoulguide.c om / sights/m ar kets-and-shopping/nam daem unm ar ket/ [A c c essed 18 May 2017].

7) Rossi, A . (1982) ‘The C ollec tive Mem ory’. The A rc hitec ture of the C ity (MIT Pres s, C am bridge) 130-137.

8) Rossi, A . (1982) ‘The L oc us’. The A rc hitec ture of the C ity (MIT Press, C am bridge) 103-111.

9) Ruskin, J. (1849) ‘Mem ory’. The Seven L am ps of A rc hitec ture. (Blac kfriars Publishing, L ondon) 146-165.

10) “ Seoul Station 7017 Projec t: Integrated Regeneration of A reas near Seoul Station and the Seoul Station Overpass Expec ted to Revive L oc al Ec onomy” . (2017) Seoul Metropolitan Gover nm ent. Available at: http://english.seoul. go.kr/polic y-infor m ation/urban-planning/seoul station-7017-projec t/1-seoul-station-7017projec t/ [A c c essed 18 May 2017].

11) Shin, E. (1970) “ The South Gate of Seoul, Sungnyem un (N am daem un)” . Korean H istory. Available at: http://rotc ian.blogspot. c om /2011/06/south-gate-of-seoul-sungnyem unor.htm l [A c c essed 18 May 2017].

25

26

Investigating the behavior of urbanism in the city of Seoul offers an extremely stratified and adaptive urban landscape. This urban fabric is often expressed through physical separation and historical isolation; for example the urban spectacles of Seoul Station and Namdaemun. Through decoding the inherent behavior, implanted artifacts exaggerate stratification while a new landscape creates ripple effects over time. This work attempts to regenerate such disruptions and project an ever-evolving ecosystem not only of Namdaemun Market but the throughout the extents of Seoul megalopolis.

27

Real time hologram Can the shadow be there when you are not there at the same time How can the space be different with different experiences Race your time, customization for each person -> does that add to the authenticity The idea of thinking spatially is good Public places are places to be seen, you want to see people Yayoi Kasama

Is the gate going to be left isolated? It is an awkward space As a studio we need to make a commentary about it and maybe it can strengthen the boundary of all three or maybe we can interact with it Frames and Transitions - Idea of maintaining the framework but how is that utilized Icing on the Bingsu !!!! -Doug Douglas

02 context

pedestrian walkway is t broke the connection to

The city and the changes that are made through unintentional planning can lead to a process that sets a precedent for the rest of the organization in the city. Seoul has important histories that connect it to its transforming and evolving city. The evolution could be dated back to 1925 when Seoul Station was built and opened under the occupation of Japanese influences on the country. This station was built by the Japanese Empire so that they could use the Seoul-Uiju Line and the SeoulWonsan Line to invade the Chinese mainland.

Dating back to 1904 is where the emergence of shops started to appear in Seoul, only outside the city walls with the four gates marking the entry into the city.

The Sungnyemun Gate was built in 1398 as an entry point for the access into the city, along with three other gates; Heunginjimun Gate, Gwanghwamun Gate, and Chunguimun Gate. One of the Gates, Sungnyemun Gate, marks the entry into one of the most popular markets in the city, Namdaemun Market, which marks the era of production back in 1414. This was the ideal layout that was based on the Confucian City where the palace was in front; in the gate, and the market was in the rear; outside the gate.

Namdaemun Market specifically is important to the neighborhood because of the Japanese occupation in 1940. The market was disrupted in 1941 which was as a setback for the neighborhood. Till this day Namdaemun has been running and providing for the neighborhood and more for 120 years. The market

34

Japanese Empire so that they could use the Seoul-Uiju Line and the Seoul-Wonsan Line to

Qualitative and quantitative growth in the market lead to space shortages. The high

was not always able to provide. There was a period of time that the market could not sustain products for the residents independently. With the amount of imported goods from all over the world, the market was able to provide for the neighborhood even during the Japanese occupation by selling military weapons illegally. Qualitative and quantitative growth in the market lead to space shortages. The high rise in the modern market was really emphasized in 1967, but that was delayed by a fire in 1968 which caused the market to expand for more space in 1975.

The 7017 Seoullo is made as a physical link made through the evolution of the city. Once being a highway overpass to alleviate the congestion of Seoul Station in 1970, the structure became unstable and unsafe as a way of transportation from one side to the other. Under the decision of the government, the overpass was made into a pedestrian walkway only in 2014 to attempt to compensate for public amenities. More anchorage points and linkages to the pedestrian walkway that leads to and from Seoul Station and Namdaemun creates a complex irony for the neighborhood. The irony of the construction of the pedestrian walkway is that it broke the connection to and from Seoul Station and Namdaemun Market. Through this ironic evolution of Seoul changing can Namdaemun adapt once more with a system of radically integrated manufacturing programs of landscape infrastructure cultivating a healthier environment?

35

RUS

USA

Bags Accessories Kitchenware Child Clothing Clothing Sungnyemun

Imported Clothing

Imported

Accessories Eye Glasses

CHINA

36

7017

Imported Clo

Seoul adapted itself long before the rapid growth in the 20th century. Namdaemun market is a prime example of the city’s evolution. The market informally emerged towards the entrance near Sungnyemun Gate, outside of the city wall to provide immediate exchange of goods entering and exiting the city. As the city grew resources were brought into this neighborhood and eventually adapted into a more permanent market. The market would later survive attacks from China, two separate eras of Japanese occupation, fires, and economic collapses over the course of 600 years. Making Namdaemun the oldest surviving traditional market still flourishing in the 21st century.

SSIA

Shinsegae

othing

NAMDAEMUN MARKET STATISTICS

30,000 Pyeong

JAPAN 1,800 TONS

100,000 SF

10,172

S

STORE

1,700 TONS

50,000 WORKERS

10,000 FOREIGN VISITORS PER DAY

400,000 VISITORS PER DAY

1,700 CARS ENTERING MARKET

37

THE LAST 150 YEARS 1904 BUILT: 1398 RENOVATED: 1447 & 1479 PRE - 150 NAMDAEMUN MARKET 1414

CHINA ATTACKS MARKET 1636

CLOSED

OPEN

RUSSIA

HIGHWAY OPENS 1970

N

S

KOREAN WAR 1950

USA

CLOSED MARKET FIRE 1954

38

POST KOREAN WAR 1961

JAPAN OCCUPIES KOREA 1910

SEOUL STATION OPENS 1925

WW1 BEGINS 1914

WW2 BEGINS 1939

OCCUPATION ENDS 1945

CLOSED MARKET DISRUPTED 1941

7017 OPENS 2017

STOCK MARKET CRASH 1997

GATE DESTROYED 2008

GATE RECONSTRUCTED 2013

39

Evolution of Namdaemun

1576

HYBRIDIZATIONS OF NAMDAEMUN 40

1660

1832

1946

2017

Mapping both past and present we find a complex series of ever-evolving urban fabric. The market itself becomes a dense network of mobility, storage, and cultural significance.

Overlapping maps reveal the city’s morphological code of the changing and adaptive urban behavior.

41

Projects utilize moments in Seoul that charge the ecosystems All three pose as morphological features that allow past, present, and future to exist simultaneously.

Good to think like that but the good are being imported and exported, showing the overlapping. But it is not a physical thing but a zone. Maybe Seoul Station predates the market and influences of vending.

Chris - hypothetically, hybridizing ideas: combining different scales of ideas over an area with one idea that is less defined and then go over another area that is more defined with another network Might cause for some discrepancies

Jon - disconnected market, the 7017, and the block the gate exist on ... they can be voids where all the overlaps are the voids Ibha - take the faces of the buildings off and creating a pod that links and connects one to another not building anything new but editing to the what is already there like cat scratching posts Merrick - constantly changing architecture maybe, the thing changes because the city changes

Arario Museum Kim Swoo Geun

SPACE Building

45

03 environment

“One Less Nuclear Pow project that is the first much larger goal of su

have their environmental connotations that are being pushed in Seoul’s overall image of ecologi-

Heaven, fire, water, and earth are the elements illustrated on the Korean flag. Each of which have their environmental connotations that could be considered in Seoul’s overall image for ecological sensitivity. “Heaven”, or air quality specifically, is a major environmental issue. Estimates from 2015 put 53 days out of the year as being physically unhealthy for citizens vulnerable to breathing problems. Although some of which is attributed to China’s excessive coal usage, much of the damage is attributed to Seoul’s vehicular use, building construction and energy requirements.

That leads to “fire”, with a third of the energy generation coming from nuclear power plants. As the Republic of Korea sought to reduce its fossil fuel usage through nuclear power, the storage of its waste became a burden much like carbon emissions that come from most of its energy consumption.

However, in 2012, the city of Seoul launched the “One Less Nuclear Power Plant” project that is the first phase of a much larger goal of sustainability. It was completed 6 months in advance, reducing the energy output of the city by one power plant. The next phase is to reach 20% energy self-reliance. It

48

is currently at 2.95% and is pushing solar heavily to reach its goal.

“Water” also has its concerns in Seoul, even though the city has some of the cleanest tap water in the world. However, only 10% of its citizens are willing to drink tap water and 55% will if the water is boiled.

Many attribute this avoidance of tap water due to its smell and are concerned with the sanitation standards at the treatment plants.

“Earth”, or soil contamination, is an issue due to the rapid growth of the city which has led to large amounts of metallic residue in soils across Seoul.

For the overall objectives of the “City of Sunlight” project to be completed, these four categories must be resolved for Seoul to become an environmentally friendly, healthy, energy self-reliant city.

cleanest tap water in the world.

However, only 10% of its citizens

49

SUMMER SOLSTICE JUNE 21, 2017

COMPILED SHADOWS MINIMAL DAYLIGHTING MODERATE DAYLIGHTING

4:00 PM

ABUNDANT DAYLIGHTING

NOON

50

8:00 AM

WINTER SOLSTICE DECEMBER 22, 2017

COMPILED SHADOWS MINIMAL DAYLIGHTING MODERATE DAYLIGHTING

3:00 PM

ABUNDANT DAYLIGHTING

NOON

9:00 AM

51

HEAVEN

Smog Tower - Air

Cold Plasma - Air

Photocatalyst - Air

“AIR”

BATTERY

FIRE

Solar Carving - Energy

Lithium Battery - Energy

Aperatures - Energy

“ENERGY”

Gutter Sculpting - Water

Condensation - Water

WATER

Bio-Concrete - Earth

EARTH

Vertical Farming - Earth

53

Impact + Cold Plasma Tech = Air

Insertion + Carbon Capture = Fuel

62

Warp + Urban Farming = Water

CANOPY SCAPES SOLAR PANELS

FLORA: Pennisetum alopecuroides

SOLAR

SOIL SUBSTRATE

PHOTOCATALYTIC BASE

VEGETATION

FLORA SOIL FILTER CLOTH DRAINAGE LAYER ROOT BARRIER WATER PROOFING

PHOTOCATALYSTS

63

DETACHING/REATTACHING FILTERS ETFE SURFACE

SOLAR PANELS

SOLAR

PHOTOCATALYTIC MECHANISM

PHOTOCATALYTIC BASE

ETFE

20% INCREASE IN EFFICIENCY

ETFE SURFACE PHOTOCATALYSTS

64

SOLAR PANELS

CONSUMPTION/REHABILITATION

RESERVOIR

WATER PHOTOCATALYTIC BASE

AIR

COLD PLASMA WATER INTAKE

CLASS A

PHOTOCATALYSTS OR

2 CO

CARBON CAPTURE

COLD PLASMA

CO 2

PHOTOCATALYTIC BASE VEGETATION SOIL

WATER COLLECTION

VERTICAL FOREST CARBON CAPTURE

CLASS A

CLASS B CLASS B

65

Steel Model One O One Architects

ONE O ONE Architects

67

04 commerce

organized ecosystem o commerce, mobility, an establishes a unique sy

it i by sig

Namdaemun Market is a unique market in the city of Seoul, and paramount for iconic commerce to the residents and tourists alike. Being that the market is one of the oldest transformable communities it has always enabled diverse characteristics and urban form. Upon entering Namdaemun, it is evident buildings are veiled by a complex system of products, signage, and people. Products overflowing into the street, stall owners announcing sales and signs tattooing the dense and diverse building suggests an emergent and informal collection of built form.

As you walk into the market you immediately get lost in the products, the food and the people.

While Namdaemun may seems chaotic, it is a highly organized ecosystem of commerce, mobility, and establishes a unique symbol of Seoul. Each stall is given a designated number coordinating to the specific location in the market. Numeric mapping systems indicates such organized behavior amongst the seemingly disparate morphological networks of vending. While the products are somehow predictable the people are making the market a unique and highly attractive

highly attractive place of cultural experience.

70

is evident buildings are veiled y a complex system of products, gnage, and people.

place of cultural experience. The experience of Namdaemun might seem difficult to capture and challenging to explain. However, this work attempts to unveil the facades of Namdaemun in order to better understand the rich informal exhange and historical traces of urban evolution.

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A - 1930, Namdaemun Market B - 1966, Namdaemun Market C - 1988, Namdaemun Market D - 2001, Namdaemun Market E - 2014, Namdaemun Market F - 2017, Namdaemun Market

B

72

A

E

C

D

F

73

74

75

76

77

78

3

2

4

Disapearance of Buildings 1

1: Component 2: Building Face 3: Interior Network of Cells 4: Link to Additional Networks

79

MAP OF NAMDAEMUN PRODUCTS

JAR OWL

HAIRBOW

ALMOND

80

FISH CAKE

JEANS

BIBIMBAP

MANDU

DRESS

SHOES

81

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Lid Pickles

Glass Jar

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

82

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Heel Heel Srabilizer EVA Midsole Quarter Eyelet Shoe Lace Eyestay

Toe Tip/ Vamp EVA Outsole WORKER

MERCHANDISE

Rubber Outsole

83

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Almond

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

84

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Wooden Stick Fish Cake

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

85

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Spoons

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

86

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT Waist Band Front Rise Coin Pocket Scoop Pocket Inseam Sideseam Bottom Hem

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

87

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Center Piece Ribbon

Hem

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

88

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Beef

Zucchini Egg

Bean Sprout

Carrot

Spring Onion

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

89

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Mandu

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

90

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Collar Arm Opening Button Belt Pocket Skirt Opening Bottom Hem

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

91

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Bridge End Piece

Lens

Rim

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

92

ELEVATION OF STOREFRONT

Wooden Owl

WORKER

MERCHANDISE

93

NETWORKS The site and surrounding area begin to reveal the stratification within the city of Seoul. The site independently consists of a series of layers which exist vertically and horizontally through the urban fabric. Major layers such as the streets, the 7017 and the subway system embed themselves within the built environment.

Line 4 (Towards Myeong-dong)

Streets

3 2

Sowol-Ro (Towards Seoul Plaza)

7017: Ground to Highway

94

Train Tracks 7017: Highway7017: to Buildings 7017: Train Tracks

7017: Train Tracks

7017: Stair Stair to to Ground Ground

7017: Ground to Highway 7017: Ground to Highway

The embedded layers are explored through a series of sectional diagrams and urban instance drawings focusing on variations of stratified grounds. This reveals a “multiplied ground” or “no ground”. The networks and connections between ground, floor, transit, and commerce exaggerate the neighborhood of Namdaemun as a prime example of overlap between formal and informal adaptation.

Line 4 Seoul Station)

Subway System

1 7017: Ground 7017: Ground to Highway to Highway

7017: Train 7017: Tracks Train Tracks

7017

7017: Ground to Highway

7017: Highway Highway to to Buildings Buildings

7017: Highway 7017: Highway to Buildings to Buildings 7017: Train Tracks

Market CityStair to Ground Market:Market: City7017: City

7017: Stair 7017: to Stair Ground to Ground

Noryangjin Market Entrance Noryangjin: Noryangjin: MarketMarket Entrance Entrance

95

96

4

3

2

1 7017:Horizontal

1: 7017 Seoullo 2: pedestrian sidewalk 3: 7017-building anchorage point 4: vertical circulation

97

98

3

2

4

Subway:Underground

1

1: subway tracks 2: subway vendors 3: subway entry 4: boarding area

99

100

4

3

Markets:Vertical

2

1

1: market street 2: interior space 3: market canopy 4: vertical circulation

101

MULTIPLIED GROUND / ZERO GROUND The studies of infrastructure tied with temporary commerce describe a hyper 21st century urbanism. The illumination of Seoul’s sectional characteristics suggest new layers of heterotopic complexity built out of new programs of mobility, connection, and multiplied publicness. This project seeks to utilize the uncertainty of multiplied ground to zero ground as a way to project a future legacy of Seoul.

[Multiplied Infrastructure]

[Isolation Through Void]

102

[Informal Population]

[Multiplied Ground]

103

104

105

Yoonseul: Manridong reflects Seoul Society of Architecture

Society of Architecture

109

05 artifact

Revea

aling contextual elasticity by

T h e memor y of tim e and space doe s n o t su g ge st e ra d i ca t i o n o f i so l a t e d m e m o ry eit h er. So, how does this kind of p re se r va t i o n co n t ri b u t e t o p o l i t i ca l , e co n o m i c , an d en v iron m ental past, present, and fu t u re u n p re d i ct a b i l i t y ? O n ce p a r t o f t h e o l d cit y wall du ring the Joseon Dynasty, S u n g nye m u n ga t e m o n u m e n t a l l y st a n d s a s a s t on ewalled str uc ture w ith a two-tie re d t ra d i t i o n a l Ko re a n ro o f. C o n si d e re d a s a n at ion al t r easure, the gate is a phy si ca l a r t i fa ct o f a t ra d i t i o n a l p a st o ri g i n a l l y con s t r u ct ion in 1398. However, the ga t e wa s re co n st r u ct e d i n 1 4 4 7 , 1 4 7 9 , 1 9 6 1 , an d mor e r e cently after a fire alm ost co m p l e t e l y d e st roye d t h e st r u ct u re i n 2 0 0 8.

Act in g mor e like a void, the historica l a r t i fa ct h e re a t S u n g nye m u n b e co m e s fu r t h e r an d f u r t h er unglued from its associa t e d h i st o ry, ex p e ri e n ce, a n d u l t i m a t e l y d i st o r t s t ran s mit t ed meaning am ongst a dyna m i c u rb a n e vo l u t i o n .

112

Sungnyemun Gate b antithesis of artifac city of Seoul layerin time onto another.

113

A - 1904 Sungnyemun Gate B - 1904 Sungnyemun Gate C - 1940 Sungnyemun Gate D - 2008 Fire at Sungnyemun Gate E - 2008 Reconstruction of Sungnyemun Gate F - 2017 Sungnyemun Gate

B

114

A

E

C

D

F

115

SUNGYEMUN GATE 116

117

OFFICE TOWER

OFFICE TOWER 118

119

HIGH RISE TOWER 120

121

MARKET 122

123

Demonstration

124

125

Kiosk

126

127

History

128

129

Observation Tower

130

131

Signage

132

133

Demonstration

134

135

CONSTRUCTING THE ARTIFACT

Light Wells

Structural Frame

Interior Walls

Mirrored Cladding

136

137

138

Base Form

Stretched to Building Context (Physical)

Hollowed For Occupation

Kiosk Occupation

Stretched to Market Ecosystem Material Reflects Ecosystem (Non-Physical)

Massing Translation

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Jon & Brittany - maps and translating them into 3D things Is there enough of the map to show? Should extend or no? Get HD resolution and work in the map on the model‌ , What is the scale?

Don’t work on figure ground and pull up the masses and make a mass.

Pulled out as an itemized list of types: Overlap, sliver, etc We get these forms and then we start to define them to have some definition and classify them into a type

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Kinds and degrees.... whats is the difference? what is what? kind - (type) degree - (species) These kinds and degrees have emerged from the stratification due to the terms of the city Bekim - gathering 4 kinds of sustainable/environmental qualities Air (pollution), water (water), earth (ground/soil), fire (energy) Using the bigger categories and trying to hybridize some of the aspects --> Making a matrix within a matrix?

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06 landscape

TEXT ABOUT THE STUDYING (may

AREAS WE ARE ybe?) About the context

Seou l St at ion m ar ks an enor m ous disr u p t i o n i n t h e u rb a n fa b ri c o f S e o u l . T h e h i g h volu me of pedestrian traffic along w i t h ra i l way i n fra st r u ct u re a n d ve h i cu l a r a cce ss, t h e Seou l Station periphery is c ha n g i n g by a cce ss a n d p ro g ra m ; fu n d a m e n t a l l y cau s in g major c hallenges in per m itt i n g p u b l i c sp a ce t o e m e rge. C o n t ra ry t o t h e ar t if act of t he South Gate, the new a n d h i g h l y p u b l i ci z e d S e o u l S t a t i o n 7 0 1 7 p ro j e ct

by W iny M aas, has begun to revolut i o n i z e e l e va t e d i n fra st r u ct u re t o p ro m o t e p u b l i c con n ect iv it y, reinvigorate ec onom ic v i t a l i t y, a n d h o p e t o e n co u ra ge i n n o va t i ve ecological implem entations in the ci t y o f S e o u l . W h a t re m a i n s i s u l t i m a t e l y a n ecological and social crisis com plete l y d e p e n d e n t u p o n ex p l o i t a t i o n o f t h re e u rb a n f eat u r es ; mob ility (transit), arc hive (st o ra ge ) , a n d m o rp h o l o gy ( fo r m a l a n d sy st e m a t i c adapt at ion ) . The four-dim ensional dom a i n o f d i ve rse p a t t e r n s, sca l e s, p ro g ra m s, a n d

systems in Namdaemun produce flexible and unpredictable urban behavior much like natural and biological systems 150

Urban landscapes produ environments capable of absorbing economic and

con s t it u en t s c apture a hyper-m obil e u rb a n i sm . I t i s cl e a r t h e d i st ri b u t i o n s o f g o o d s i n Seou l is s pe cific to the c ontext and o ffe rs exci t i n g sy st e m s o f t ra n si t l i n e s. O n l y t i m e will t ell h ow the c ity w ill be tr uly re ge n e ra t e d by t h e u rb a n d e si g n d e ci si o n s m a d e in r ecen t years. It m ay just be that we w i l l fi n d t h e i n fra st r u ct u re s o f t o d ay b e co m e ar t if act s of tom orrow w hile the aut h e n t i ci t y o f u rb a n e co -sy st e m s re co n fi g u re a n d s elf - gen erate infor m ally over and o ve r a ga i n .

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A - 1970, highway overpass B - 1980, highway overpass C - 7017 Under construction D - 7017 occupied by people E - 2017, 7017 Seoullo F - 2017,7017 Seoullo

B

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A

E

C

D

F

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EMERGENT HISTORICAL STRATIFICATION

HISTORICAL MAP COMPRESSION

2017

Conflicting overlap - density

1946

1832

1660 Surface - push/pull

1576

Conflicting overlap - extrusion

Compressed chronological maps

Surface - trim

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Articulated form w/ context

Conflicting overlap

Mapping layered history (3D prints): Urban residue of conflicted and historically layered mapping systems express emergent forms capable of projecting future growth and unpredictability.

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CROSS Form: Crossing horizontal planes w/ elevation variation Behavior: Connection between ground and aerial space Program: Market street - walkway - terraced event space - subway connection

SPOON Form: Horizontal plane that carves into ground Behavior: Shortcut between higher and lower levels of stratification Program: Outdoor amphitheater - subway connection - green bridge - farming

TUCAN Form: Curving horizontal plane w/ elevation variation Behavior: Infrastructural transportation layer for market distribution Program: Drive-thru market - gas stations - dedicated moped delivery - canopy

WING Form: Curved surface that curves under existing context Behavior: Intersects existing context and lifts ground to higher levels Program: Swimming pool - water collection - farming - clothing market - amphitheater

TOWER Form: Isolated vertical structure Behavior: Creates vertical growth in primarily low rise area Program: Vertical market - restaurants - manufacturing - power supply

SCREEN Form: Surface along urban edge Behavior: Vertical surface that has specific areas of permeability Program: Vertical farm - vendors - bar - art display

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BOX Form: Volume inserted into existing structure Behavior: Disrupts building through void or addition Program: Manufacturing - power generation - product display - hotel - studio

BOW Form: Removed ground with curvature and significant intersection Behavior: Carves new subterranean levels and networks Program: Park - clubs - parking - farm - delivery network

“L.T.�

Form: Intersecting volumes w/ strong directionality Behavior: Links areas through vertical volume and space Program: Single-loaded market - mall - manufacturing - viewpoints

DITCH Form: Carves existing ground condition to make new ground Behavior: Does not network - dead end Program: Landfill - train station - sports complex - Laboratory

COMB Form: Linear form with perpendicular connecting volumes Behavior: Network hub and infrastructural distribution Program: Museum - Transportation hub - warehouse - school

BRANCH Form: Carved ground with specific trajectory Behavior: Compresses network branches into single branch Program: Library - graveyard - aquarium - church

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STUDIES OF MAPPING HISTORIES Superimposed instances of historical trace provide disparate suggestions on conflicted latent urban form. After attempting to express such historical conflict, we determine this process as a diagrammatic narration establishing a framework for operational and conceptual approach to future urbanism in Seoul. This failed scalar and environmental ignorance allows the design research to move more sensibly into the site specific moments in Namdaemun.

Rather than aggressively deteriorating existing fabric, this project captures opportunities embedded in the elastic eco-system of Namdaemun Market.

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South Korea has a temperate climate. Winters are usually long, cold and dry. Summers are very short, hot, and humid.

The Korean Peninsula is home to about 3,034 species of vascular plants, which belong to 217 families, 1,045 genera and 406 infraspecific taxa.

Korean forests include evergreen pines and deciduous trees: maple, birch, poplar, oak, ash and elm. High mountains contain alpine plants.

Southern coastal areas harbour citrus plants.

Cotoneaster Wilsonii

Fir Abies Koreana

Euphorbia Fauriei Campanula Takesimana

NORTH-WEST WINDS

H UT

SO

Hibiscus Syriacus

S ND

WI

Forsythia Saxatilis

Scrophularia Takesimensis

20% - 60% SUNHOURS AVERAGE Fir Abies Koreana – Excellent in winter, requires planting on high ground.

Campanula Takesimana – Medium sized plant, good for shading.

Euphorbia Fauriei - Hardy plant species, capable of withstanding droughts.

60% - 80% HUMIDITY AVERAGE

Forsythia Saxatilis - Traditional flower, easy to grow, only blooms in spring.

Cotoneaster Wilsonii - Requires higher ground, beneficial for bee species.

Scrophularia Takesimensis - Endangered, require continuous monitoring.

Hibiscus Syriacus – State flower, hardy shrub, tall in height.

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115 RAINY DAYS AVERAGE

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LANDSCAPE NETWORK NEGOTIATIONS

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Landscape Sample: Canopy Landscape Sample: Roof Landscape Sample: Facade

1

3

2

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NAMDAEMUN SECTION

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Landscape Sample: Canopy Artifact: Kiosk Landscape Sample: Roof Landscape Sample: Facade Artifact: Demonstration Artifact: Observation Tower

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Landscape: canopy Manufacturing space

Landscape: connection

Namdaemun Market

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Program: amphitheater

Program: farming

Program: urban park

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Manufacturing space

Landscape: vertical

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This concluding diagram represents the relationship between artifact, landscape, and commerce. Contained within these stratified layers, lies the essence of Namdaemun Market. However, the layers are not linear. They have been constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed again creating new layers and connections that result in a sensation of multiplied ground or disappearance of ground. Initially, Namdaemun began as a temporary storage ground outside of Sungnyemun gate. As an artifact, the gate attempts to remind us of this past, isolated in a glass box as a frozen object in time. Being reconstructed multiple times over, it hasn’t physically existed for centuries, now behaving as a removed token or husk of an artifact symbolizing a distant era. To bring clarity to the historical memory of the market, these inserted artifacts reveal the market’s evolution. Through the means of an ecologically sensitive landscape, this revealed stratification is extended and projects into the future while retaining its memories.

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EVOLUTION OF ARTIFACT

GATE (Historical Node)

SUNGNYEMUN GATE

MARKET (Multiple Products)

OFFICE (1990’s Devolopment)

SHOPPING MALL

HYPER-ARTIFACTS (Revealing History & Stratification of Namdaemun Market)

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MULITIPLIED GROUNDS; PROJECTING LANDSCAPES

Shinsegae

CONTEXT Artifacts embedded into Namdaemun urban fabric

The Gate 7017

LANDSCAPE The utilization of manipulated ground and canopy networks further initiate environmental performance

Samples of landscape set as network conditions

ENVIRONMENT Systems of eco-tech as strategies within the market landscape

ENERGY

AIR

GROUND

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07 the studio

Know what you are do saying! Know your shit Don’t be afraid of just

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SEO UL S TU DIO | U NCC , SU M M E R 2 0 17 PAR T I CI PA NTS

Di re c to r :

Je f f rey S Nesbit, UNCC / Hae cce i tas Studi o Re s e a rc h Assistan t :

Dou glas H Cao, UNCC St u d e n t Researchers:

Brit tany Bat taile

Me r r ic k Cast illo

Ch r istoph er Pop e

Bek im Sejdiu

Ib h a Sh rest h a

Jo nat h an War n er St u d i o Cri ti c & Ho st,

Dongwo o k Hwang, Bui ldin g Laboratory Arch ite ctu re Gu e s t

De si gn Cri ti cs: San k i Ch oe, Un iver sit y of Se oul Ch ar les Ch oi, Ch oi Arc h ite cts Ch oon Ch oi, Seou l Nat ional Uni ve rs i ty Yooc h eol Alex Ch oi, Seoi nn De s i gn Group Won -joon Ch oi, Soon g sil Uni ve rs i ty Mat t Hayn es, St rateg ic Command U SFK Ch r is Jar ret t, UNCC Sc hool of Archi te cture Sora Key, Kon k u k Un ivers i ty Ku h n Par k , T T U / Communi cati on Uni ve rs i ty of Chi na Ye h re Su h , Seou l Nat ional Uni ve rs i ty

Sp e c i a l Th an k s:

Jo hn Hon g, Projec t Arc h ite cture / Se oul Nati onal Uni ve rs i ty

Ji e-u n Hwan g , Basemen t / Uni ve rs i ty of Se oul

Mr. Hoson Na, Nah oson El e ktri k (Sewoon Sangga)

Pae Mi Lim, US B Hou se

Brad Sek u lic h , UNCC Offi ce of Educati on Abroad

US Depar t men t of Defens e

US F K / Comman d er s Strate gi c Ini ti ati ve s Group

Wook Ch oi & Jamin Seo, One O One Archi te cts

Ye r in Kan g, Soc iet y of Archi te cture

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