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Umbrella The
umbrella is a fascinating invention created by the Chinese nearly 4,000
years ago. Its soft layer of waxed oil paper repelled the pouring rain, and blocked the sunlight. Thin bamboo sticks where used to form the umbrella’s structure and allowed it to open and Nunc
close. The umbrella also represented elegance along with other things. The umbrella was a sign of wealth back in those days, and only emperors and nobles had them. The bigger the umbrella was, the richer you where, and they always had slaves carry the umbrella over their heads. The spread began in the year 1700 when a Persian traveler wandered through the streets of England with this device over his head. Soon it became popular and spread throughout the world. The umbrella has been modified today in many ways, and it is an invention that is necessary in a person’s lifestyle.
pulvinar elementum sem. Cras sed est. Suspendisse sed odio sed tortor nonummy
tempus. Nullam urna. Quisque dictum =
Bibliography
“Asian inventions & Discoveries.” Asian Invention and Inventions. 2005. Inventors Assistance League. 3 march, 2011. http://www.inventions.org/culture/asian/chinese.html Temple, Robert. The Genius of China. NY: Simon and Schuster, 1986.
M A R C H
the
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YO YO Xavier Secades
Chinese Invention Yo-Yo The Chinese Yo-Yo was created so long ago that nobody knows who invented it. It can be made of wood or bamboo. In the past, the invention has been changed and modern Yo-Yos are made of plastic and string. With all these changes, the Yo-Yo experts can do impressive tricks. With the classic yo-yo you could do few tricks. Through the years, this has been a very entertaining toy for everybody especially for kids. A trick that almost all the people know is ‘walk the dog’ that is not an easy trick because you need a lot of agility and also you need to know what to do during the trick. In other parts of the world the yo-yo is also famous because in modern times it was common that kids had a yo-yo to play with.
Bibliography Book
Tervey, Peter. Inventions. London: Timelines, 1994. Print. Internet "Traditional Games." Chinese Historical and cultural project. Pacific Daylight Time, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. <http://www.chcp.org/games.html# yo-yo>.
Albert Sultan
The Abacus Origin: The Chinese abacus was invented about 5000 years ago. It was necessary for people to keep track of their inventory. I was also used for counting any kinds of things. The abacus was considered the first personal calculator. It was built out of wood and beads. It is still in use today and spread to many countries.
System: The abacus is a mechanical counting device that is used for making calculations. It is consisting of a rod in which beads or balls are moved. The abacus doesn’t make the calculations it just helps us keep track of the numbers. Using the abacus you are actually improving your math skills. It is said that with an abacus you can do a problem faster that someone using a calculator.
http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/ abacus/Photos/Detail.htm
Bibliography
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http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT0nF_JH20WGDcXOJxRm4ZMWsop5A6_BxQxKPRxeKEG81 ET03C
"Abacus History - Invention of the Abacus." The Great Idea Finder - Celebrating the Spirit of Innovation. Web. 11 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/abacus.htm>. Mattern, Joanne. The Computer. 1st ed. Vol. 1st. New York: Powerkids, 2003. Print.
The Compass Alex Kviat The compass has been a very useful tool for a very long time and the Chinese were the ones who invented it. By the third century A.D. Chinese started to study magnetism and its secrets in nature. They already knew that iron core called magnetite pointed itself into a north/south position. By knowing that they started to create magnets. The Chinese were very advanced in their discoveries for their time age. http://www.solarnavigator.net/com pass.htm
The magnets then turned into a compass but they had to go through various steps to achieve a compass. The Chinese learned that to make magnets you first had to heat pieces of ore to red-hot temperatures. Then they had to cool them down in a north/south position. To use the magnetite as a compass they had to place the reed in a bowl of water marked with directional bearings and you would leave it to align itself for a couple of seconds. They used compasses wisely until the eleventh century A.D. Chinese had millions of discoveries but the compass was one of the most important of them all.
http://vawest.bbb.org/BusinessAccreditation/
Bibliography Internet Site: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chinese Inventions.â&#x20AC;? Resources for Science Learning. 2004. UniSys. March 3, 2011. <http://sln.fi.edu/tfi/info/current/inventions.html Book: Williams I., Trevor. The History of Invention: From Stone Axes to Silicon Chips. USA: Facts on File, Inc., 1987.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/g ames/index.htm
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/games/index.htm
Lara Garcia People in China have invented a lot of games through history. In China, most board games and movement games come from war training. People are not sure, but they think it was the Yellow Emperor, around 2600 BC, who first invented material arts. This helped the creation of board games. In ancient China the government used board games to train generals in battlefield strategy, and material arts helped training soldiers to fight. There are many different games that were invented in Temple, Robert. The Genius of China. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986
ancient China. Chinese people made up many of the games we know today. The most popular Chinese game we know is named Go. Othelo is another simpler Chinese version of Go. Go used to be the most popular game rich Chinese people played. People without a lot of money played Xianqi or Chinese Chess. People think that Xianqi is probably the fist type of Chess invented. Chinese people also created
Carr, Karen. â&#x20AC;&#x153;kidipedeâ&#x20AC;?. Ancient Chinese Games. 1 998. Portland State University.2 March, 2011. <http://www.historyfork ids.org/learn/china/game s/indexhtm
the kite, which they used to make them out of bamboo and silk. People used to fly kites as a very popular game around 800 BC. Chinese people made many other kinds of games, but these are very important examples. http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/Chinese_kites/images/072_6112wChinese_Kite.jpg
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http://www.all-about-forensicscience.com/gunpowder-residueforensics.html
http://marketplace.veer.com/images/1393596_An cient-pistol-on-background-canvas
Gonzalo Gil
http://www.whoguides.com/wh o-invented-gunpowder
Gunpowder never went much beyond its invention. Then it was abandoned for military purpose
Guns and Gunpowder
Along silk and paper, gunpowder is another of
a short while after its discovery. After a while it reached Europe, Japan, and the Muslim Empire. In the
the Chinese inventions. The first recorded date of
13th century, the Arabs advanced the gunpowder for
gunpowder was 850 A.D. Gunpowder was discovered
military use. In 1280, the Syrian al-Hasan ar-Rammah
by accident, after some alchemists were looking for the
wrote the book of Fighting in Horseback and with
elixir of immortality. Gunpowder,used for military use,
War Engines. Then, Herein brought up the idea of a
was first recorded in 919 A.D. By the 1000’s A.D. there
rocket device called the “Chinese Arrow”. In the 14th
were explosive bombs that were filled with gunpowder
century, the Arabs used gunpowder to attack the city
and then fired with catapults. The fire cannon was a
in Spain called Baza. The next year, 1326, Florence
tube made of bamboo that was filled with gunpowder.
ordered the making of cannons and cannon balls. By
When it was fired, it threw a flaming projectile
the 1350’s the use of gunpowder had extended to a lot
towards the enemy. Gunpowder altered a lot after the
of countries. The use of gunpowder revolutionized
years.
through the years.
http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-image-ancient-pistol-image17005836
Bibliography
‘Gun and Gunpowder.’ Silk Road.1997. Silkroad-
Foundation. 3 March, 2011. http://www.silkroad.com/artl/gun.shtml Platt, Richard. Inventions A Visual History. Great Britaib. Dorling Kendersly Limited, 1994.
ICE CREAM
By: Ximena Villalobos
HOW IT STARTED
It all started four hundred years ago with King Tang who created a method of ice and milk mixture (pasty milk ice). Ice cream is one of the unknown and unrecognized Chinese inventions Milk was a very prized commodity and was considered great wealth, which meant only rich people, could enjoy the milk ice.
http://tweetfeed.com/margrett/b est-buy-buffalo-tools-sportsman6qt-oldfashioned-ice-cream-maker
http://history.cultural-china.com/en/182History5909.html
THE SPREAD
Explorers discovered Ice Cream thanks to the Silk Road. It spread to Europe with explorers like Marco Polo who brought it to Italy and from there it spread to the rest of Europe. Marco Polo taught Europeans to mix yak’s milk with snow and ice from mountains; the milk dried into a kind of paste.
HOW THEY MADE IT
Ice cream started as milky pasty ice. To make it, you mix snow and ice from mountains, with fruit, wine and honey, which turn out more like sherbets.
NO TRUE FACTS???
There are no knowing facts to prove that it was created in China because another theory says that emperor Neron had snow ice cream. Yet there are known facts that Chinese did discover how to conserve naturally formed winter ice for summer used for building icehouses, which were kept to cool and were prevented from evaporation. The storage of ice recorded in a poem in 1100 B.C.
http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/OMFIRST2/UNIT2/lesson5/pa ge1.htm
There is this store called Smitten and its ice cream is made of liquid nitrogen. They also use NO additives, emulsifiers, preservatives, or stabilizers. For more information go to http://smittenicecream.com/home/Home.html
http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/1828R-16415
Bibliography:
http://smittenicecream.com/home/Inside_Scoop.html
Web Site: Mallare, Cathy. "The Story of Ice Cream." Web Institute for Teachers. University of Chicago, Web. 3 Mar. 2011. <http://webinstituteforteachers.org/~cbmallare/Hi story1.htm>. Book: “Ice Cream”, American Encyclopedia. 30 vol. New York: Interamerican Copyright Union,1966
Carlos Cordero
the
http://gadgets.boingboing.net/200 9/01/29/3d-‐star-‐wars-‐kites.html
http://rainbowcitylimit.com/Kites.asp
Kites Kites origin is Chinese who developed them quickly into different forms. It is believed that kites are from China because it was the most advanced civilization at the time. The fact that they were the only ones that had the necessary materials to make kites supports the idea that they developed kites. It is believed that General Han Hsin, who employed them to measure the length from his lines to a palace he was seizing, first used them. Knowing the length he dug a tunnel, surprised its enemy and took the city. The main function of Kites hasn’t changed since their appearance a long time ago in China. They were made out of silk; Even though they have the same functions they have different uses. Most kites use wind in order to be of use by the person using it. When kites fly across the sky they use wind to lift, just like a wing of an airplane. Because of the amount of lift being proportional to the kite, kite fliers realized that if it’s big enough they could move things on the ground. These types of kites are called traction kites because of their function. Kites can also be separated as five types: sled kites, Delta kites, Box kites, Diamond kites, and winged box kites. Some kites are very maneuverable and other kites are very stable. There are kites with many control lines which can perform stunts, while others can be flown up to high altitudes. http://laughingsquid.com/kite-‐fight/
http://www.hobbyworks.com/default. cfm/Content/fullarticle/hs/Home/ID/ 233
Bibliography
“Kitesurfing FAQ, Kiteboarding FAQ.” Kite Surfing School. 1998. Ice Palms Internet Services. 5/7/07.<http://www.kite School.org/faqs.htm Hosking, Wayne. Kites. United States of America: The Mallard Press, 1992.
Emilio Beteta One of the many great inventions of medieval China was the mechanical clock. The difficulty in inventing this mechanical clock was to find a way in which a wheel as big as a room to turn at the same speed as Earth, but still be turning continuously. If this could be done, then the wheel would become a miniature Earth and could tell the time. A Buddhist monk, Yi Xing, made the first model of a mechanical clock in 725 AD. This clock worked by dripping water that powered a wheel, which made one full revolution in 24 hours. In 1092 astronomer Su Sung designed his great "Cosmic Engine", a dependable mechanical clock. The entire machine was powered by a giant waterwheel, which made wooden puppets pop from one of five wooden doors at regular intervals, kind of like the Cuckoo clock. It was two more centuries before the first mechanical clock was developed in Europe.
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http://www.google.com/i mgres?imgurl=http://ww
Nail Polish
http://www.google.com/ imgres?imgurl=http://ww
The invention of nail polish and how it first started: You may not know this but nail polish was first originated in China in 3000 B.C. The mixture first created was a mix of bees’ wax, gelatin, Arabic gum, and egg whites. Arabic gum is a natural product found in the African tree of Acacia. The Chinese also added pedals of flowers such as roses, orchid and alum to the mixture of their polish. During the same time period higher-‐class members in
Colors of nail polish:
Egypt wore nail polish similar to the Chinese nail polish. During the Chou dynasty, around 600 B.C., the royal colors were metallic gold and silver. So, the polish choice for royalty was the same. Whichever the dynasty color was, that was the color worn on people’s nails in China’s higher class. If the lower class attempted to wear nail polish, they could be punished by death. Then the nail polish developed and spread
nails look pretty and color them in many different varieties of colors. Fernanda Gil 2B
Bibliography: Krauss, Parris Carol. “The History of Nail Polish”. Associated Content from Yahoo. 2006. Yahoo Contributer Networks Aug 31, 2006 http://www.associatedcontent.com/articl e/55376/the_history_of_nail_polish.htmlh ttp://www.associatedcontent.com/article/ 55376/the_history_of_nail_polish.html
http://www.google.co m/imgres?imgurl=http: //www.mac4cosmetics
throughout the world and now is a popular product mainly for the use of girls or women to make their
Perkins, Dorothy. Encyclopedia of China. New York: A Round Table press Book, 1999.
http://www.google. com/imgres?imgurl =http://msfizz.soda
By:Michelle Nuko http://www.logoi.com/ notes/chineseacupuncture-chart.html
Acupuncture
http://www.funnypotato.com/blog/chin ese-acupuncture
Over the centuries acupuncture has evolved. Acupuncture, or needle puncturing is a European term, which was invented by Willem Rhyne, he was a Dutch physician. Chinese describe acupuncture by the characteristic Chen, which means to stab with a needle. It was used as a therapeutic technique. Chinese started to practice acupuncture in a strong age they started when stone knifes and sharp edges tools where invented. It was used as a system of therapy that involved using needles on exact points of the body. The main point about acupuncture is to make circulate Chi (vital energy). Acupuncture is safe; due to all the studies people have been developing thought time. Acupuncture is at least 5000 years old. Thought in time is has changed in many ways. One of the ways that it has changed is that now we use many more types of herbs, electricity, magnets and
lasers. Acupuncture is able to influence health
and
sickness by creating areas along these meridians. Acupuncture is known as a technique for heeling and relaxation. This is a therapy in which helps your body heals itself.
http://www.healinghandsnh.com/c ategory/services/
Bibliography Cotterell, Arthur. China. London: A broling kinaesley book, 1994. Jeffry,A.singer. “Acupuncture”. Acupuncture Techniques. 1996 – 2010. Legend Ltd. 2 March , 2011. acupuncture.com /education /theory /acuintreo.htm
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http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotosg293927-d1005861My_Khanh_Tourist_VillageMekong_Delta.html
http://students.ou.edu/M/Sara.L.Miller1/episode_2.html
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/literature/paper.htm
Chinese Invention Paper China has been the source of many significant inventions in the world. One of the great inventions of China was papermaking. Before paper was created, the Chinese used papyrus or parchment, which was made with similar materials that were used to make paper. Ts’ai Lun created paper in 105 A.D. by combining fine cut mulberry bark and hemp rags with water, then mashing it flat, letting out the water, and at the end it would dry out in the sun. In the Han Dynasty, the emperor Ho-Ti, a government official named Ts’ai Lun the first to start papermaking. Papermaking helped many other countries in the world by spreading from China to other places. After 300 years struggling to come up with paper, paper was first produced in China and then influenced other countries.
captured some Chinese men who knew how to make paper, and exchanged their knowledge to papermaking for their freedom. As the Christians, who first used parchment, conquered Islamic Spain they learned how to make paper. The Germans started using it as well. Gutenberg was the first to write the Bible in 1453. By this time the Aztecs ‘’invented’’ paper by using agaves plant fibers for books. Paper spread all over the world: from China, then Italy, France, Europe, Spain, and Germany. Germans were so interested in this new invention that they started to learn about Chinese printing. While paper was spreading, China started to develop other ways to use paper, like in toilet paper or to make kites. Paper has influenced us throughout the years, now we have more technology and knowledge on how to use paper in different ways.
After a few years, about in the 400’s, people in India started to use paper. Then, in the 500’s the Abbasid caliphate started using it too. After the war between the Chinese and the Arabs, the Arabs
Ts’ai Lun
By: Valeria Wallentin
Bibliography For website:
Carr, Karen. "Kidipede." History of Paper. History for Kids, 3 Mar. 2011. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. <http://www.historyforkids.o rg/learn/literature/paper.ht m>. For books: Bender, Lionel, ed. Invention. New York, NY: Eye Witness Books, 1991. http://www.fppaea.org/static.php?contentid=10640
Printing Juan Carlos Viveros Printing was invented by Bi Sheng in 1045 A.D. It was very important because it modernized Chinese writing. But it did not change Chinese society a lot. An important event for the eastern world that took place during the Tang (618-906) dynasty was the invention of printing, during the 4th and 7th century A.D. It began as blocks cut from wood use to print textiles and then use to reproduce short Buddhist religious text that was carried as charms by Buddhists. Later long scrolls and books were produced, first by wood-block printing and then, beginning in the 11th century, by using movable type. In expensive printed books then existed in China during the Song (960-1279) dynasty. The invention of printing is generally conceited to be one of the important inventions that advanced of civilization. Gutenbergâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movable type printing press, about 1450 A.D. the best invention for world civilization. The first mention of printing was in an imperial decree of 593 in which Sui emperor Wenti ordered the printing of Buddhist images and scriptures. The text was written on a piece of paper, and then glued face down onto a wooden plate. The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was used to print the text.
Web Site: "Chinese Inventions." Resources for Science Learning. The Franklin Institute, Web. 3 Mar. 2011. <http://sln.fi.edu/tfi/info/current/inventions.html>. Book: Steele, Philip. Ancient China. London, UK: South Water, 2002.
Javier Beltranena
Rockets Invention Chinese invented rockets near the year 1200, almost 800 years ago. We know about this Chinese creation because of writings found recently. Rockets haven’t changed so much as the first rockets. The way they work is still with burned gases. The purpose of rockets has improved as time passes and has spread around the whole world. http://timerime.com/es/linea_de_tiempo/182623/History+of+Rockets/
Chinese and other civilizations have changed the use of rockets during centuries. The original use was as “fire arrows” for Chinese to defend themselves from the Mongolians. Later on, the idea was spread to Europe and the Middle East. Civilization by civilization found a new use for rockets, for example weapons and fireworks, which we still use now. http://dvice.com/archives/2008/11/chinese-bridge-.php
Bibliography Kindersley, Dorling. “Rockets.” Fact Monster. 2007. Pearson Education. 3 March 2011. <www.factmonster.com/dk/science/encyclop edia/rockets.html Virginia, Fox. Rockets. New York. The Creating Publishing Company. 1996 http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/nov/04/ extreme-climate-change-solutions
http://hubpages.com/topics/education-andscience/physics/applied-physics/3809
The Seismograph
Alejandro Scopelli
http://en.kunming.cn/index/content/2010
http://www.china.org.cn/english/scitech/131762.htm
You might have heard of a seismograph, an advanced instrument that can now today detect an earthquake anywhere around the world, but what if you were told that it was invented thousands of years ago? The ancient Chinese seismograph was invented in 132 A.D. by Zhang Heng a great scientist of the Han Dynasty. This was one of the most important inventions in ancient China. This instrument had a very particular way of working.
The seismograph was like this: It was decorated with tortoises, birds, dragons, toads and other animals, there are eight dragons representing eight directions. If there was an earthquake, a copper ball inside the seismograph will drop out from the mouth of one of the dragons and fall right into the mouth of the toad below. From the toad on which the ball fell, we can tell were an earthquake might happen. Thanks to this invention, we now have a better chance of locating an earthquake anywhere in the world. BIBLIOGRAPHY: ‘’Historical Figures”.Cultural China. 2010.Cultural China.7 March, 2011. http://history.cultural-‐china.com/en/50H159H6 “Zhang Heng.’’ Encyclopedia of China. 1999 edition.
SILK
http://www.supplierlist.com/photo_images/2129 0/Supply_silk__Chinese_satin_Brocade_satin_150 cm.jpg
http://singlemindedwomen.com/ wp/wpcontent/uploads/2009/07/Chine se-silk1-430x322.jpg
Maria Elisa Urban
http://bp2.blogger.com/_D8gP6tztDWQ/SFzxOyMx vlI/AAAAAAAAAUU/hcjnGHkIQ80/s400/Chinese +Silk.jpg
Silk is an elaborated fabric made of natural protein fibrin of pods. Silk is a very comfortable, soft touch fabric, and has the function of adjusting to body heat and moisture and prevents ultra violet radiation. This fabric can also be used for home like curtains and carpets; it absorbs sound, dirt, heat and is fire proof. China is the first country that raised silkworms and wove silk. It was first woven by Lei Zu, wife of the Yellow Emperor. China began raising silk since 5000 years ago. The silk trade promoted the further development of economic and cultural exchanges between China and her neighbor countries, forming the famous prosperous "Silk Road". Due to its delicate, comfortable and rare characteristics, is very popular among the aristocrats in European palaces. The invention of silk had an important effect on Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s industry and a great influence in ancient poetry, the silk trade promoted a large economic and cultural exchange between the West and East, and made a great contribution to the development of human
Bibliography: Steele, Philip. Ancient China. USA, New York: Southwater, Print. ""Traditions-Clothing and Ornaments." Cultural Cina. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. <http://traditions.culturalchina.om/en/15Traditions152.html>.
Tangram By: Claudia Steele http://t1.gstatic.c om/images?q=tb n:ANd9GcRBB 9CTVpXmCZX esB4MpGgLO4 NYUt0r8Kf-ilPE xrMIpspvU9 B1
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History
The Tangram originated in China. At this time this game was considered for children and women, which would make it unworthy and unlikely to write about. The interest in tangrams increased in the 19th century in Europe and America, this was because of the opening up of trade with China, and sailors brought back home new amusements found. These sailors played with this game when they went to trade with the Tanka. These river people were great traders. The other reason these sailors would go to Tanka was to go visit their girlfriends.
Bibliography For websites: "Tangrams." Tangrams History. 6 Sept. 2005. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. <www.tangrams.ca/linner/tannist.htm>. For books: Campbell, Lisa E. The Tangram Magician . New York:
A Tangram is a transformation puzzle that consists of seven different flat shapes, normally made out of wood. These pieces can be put together to make different but specific shapes using every piece. The three basic rules to play tangram are: to use all seven pieces, they must lay flat and they must touch and none of them may be on top of each other. Tangrams continue to entertain
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Andrew Sorsby
http://healthyrecipes.wikia.com/ wiki/Top_10_list:Top_10_Foods_
Tea
http://www.chinatravelandtour.com /special_programs.htm
A lot of people may know what tea is, but do
Tea helped, and still helps people with some
they know its history? There is a legend on how tea
problems. The biggest problem that tea solved was
was born and there are also advantages of tea
stomach aches. When it is summer or warm
drinking. In 2737 BCE, a Chinese emperor called Shennong, had his servants boil his water before he drank it so it was clean. One day, when a servant was
climate, tea dispels the heat and brings on instant cool with a feeling of relaxation. Tea also helps discharge the nicotine out of the system. Tea also
boiling his water, a dead leaf fell into the water and turned into a brownish color. The emperor drank it and he loved it and that´s how the tea was born. Drinking tea also has a lot of advantages.
has a lot of vitamins. There is a very interesting legend of how tea was invented and tea has also a lot of advantages.
Bibliography Book: Williams, Trevor I. The History of Invention. 2nd ed. United States, New York: Macdonald and Co, 1987.
Internet Site: "Tea-culture." Tea in China. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. <http://index-china.com/main/food/tea-culture.htm>.
THE WATER CLOCK http://www.crystalinks.com/cl ocks.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointer active/museum/exhibit00/06_
The Chinese have invented many technologies machines that have helped us. They made the water clock; this is almost the same as the sand clock. It has the same structure and the same mechanics. This clock has water in it and you measure time counting each drop. Someone has to sit next to it so it can count the drops and turn it over. There are few reasons why this clock was invented. It is more practical than the sand clock. It was mostly used in sea because it would float if it fell. After this clock there were more inventions and more developments that were more modernized as time. Thanks to Chinese, there are a lot of inventions that help us now. â&#x20AC;&#x153;TellingTimebyWaterClockâ&#x20AC;?.LoveWatches.2002.Loveto KnowCorp.March6th2011.http://www.lovewatches.com/Water-Clock.htm Pollard,Michael.TheClockAndowItChangedTheWorld. UnitedSates.US:FactsonFileIn.1993.
Chinese Invention
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A Mathematical Place for Zero: It is know in the entire world that the Chinese made the first ideas in developing the idea of zero. The zero is working out even the most simple of math problems. In the 4th century BCE we can see that, the Chinese started used a blank space for the zero symbols, used in Math with the normal Chinese counting board and the smaller abacus; and evidence exists attributing to the Chinese the use of the actual "0" before 686 AD
In China, using zero, were used for decimal math in the 4th century EBC including the uses of blank spaces. Chinese mathematicians learned the importance of using negative numbers and zero; some mathematicians used only blank spaces until Gautama Siddha showed the symbol 0. The Nine chapters on the Mathematical Art, was made of in the 1st century AD, it started when subtracting. It all started when subtracting the same signed numbers, add differently signed numbers subtract a positive number from zero to make a negative number, and subtract a negative number from zero to make a positive number.
Francisco Fuentes
Bibliography Asian Inventors and Inventions: Chinese Inventions and Discoveries. n.d. Web. 15 March 2011. <http://www.inventions.org/culture/asian/chinese.html>.
Steele, Philip. Ancient China: what life was like in the Chinese Empire? London: Southwater, 2002. Print
http://www.chinesenam es.org/chinesesymbols/images/zeroc.gif