The Origins
ACUPUNTURE
Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese treatment that involves sticking needles inside the body of the patient. They are put in certain places in the body to stabilize energy. These points are along meridians in the body along which Qi, or energy ,flows. Acupuncture is a complex process that involves sticking needles in certain points in a patient’s body. They are put in certain places in the body to stabilize energy. These points are along meridians in the body along which Qi, or energy ,flows. However, many scientists claim acupuncture is not much different from shamanistic magic, saying it has little or no effect on the body. This contrasts the opinion of those who have had it done.
It began in China, possibly dating back to 2000 B.C. The first detailed and confirmed description of the practice is in the Shiji, an ancient Chinese medical text. Many believe it dates back to the second century B.C. Over the centuries the ideas became some sort of theory. It rose in popularity among the whole Chinese population, both rich and poor, until it became identified with the poor and uncultured towards the end of the Chinese Empire.
Acupuncture Acupuncture is the process of inserting a very thin needle into points in the human body to help release energy so that pain is no longer felt. The word acupuncture is from the Latin root acus, which means needle and pungere “to prick”. These points are all over your body with the life energy called “qi.” According to Wikipedia there is no evidence of these points and that they exist but it is an ancient tradition and will not disperse just like “that!” Different variations of acupuncture are taught throughout the world. Scientists have studied this since the late 20th century, as an interesting subject. Some scientists believe that acupuncture works because of the placebo effect (when the brain believes it works it works) but other scientists believe that it works because it is efficient in treating specific conditions. In an article for the World Health Organization an acupuncturist’s census was that acupuncture worked for certain medical conditions but it was greatly criticized. Acupuncture is very safe but there is still much debate about the effectiveness.
The Chinese invented acupuncture but we don’t know when they began to practice the art or where it originated. We have begun to believe that this ancient art originated from a battle accident when one soldier was attacked with arrows and the wounds didn’t grow infectious. We don’t know for sure but acupuncture has spread Korea, Japan, and all of East Asia.
Animal Zodiac An
Chinese astrology is based on Chinese history and calenders. According to Chinese astrology there can be way to know a persons destiny, according to the positons of the planets the sun, and the moon , and with the persons month and date of birth. The Chinese did this according to animals characteristics and people that’s why the twelve different animals are rat, ox tiger rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and last the boar. All these animals were a folktale to the Chinese ans still exists today.
What are the characteristics of these animals ?
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Canal Lock
The Chinese Invention of the Canal Lock The canal lock is an invention started in China around the 10th century during the Sung Dynasty in China. It was used to lower and raise boats from different altitudes. Earlier developments of this invention where things like the flash lock which where used to go from one step of deep water to another (which where formed by dams). The flash locks where a type of lock that was easily closed and opened. These where built into the dam. When a boat was coming downstream they would open the lock and let it pass, and when the boat was coming upstream they would also open it and pull it and help it upwards. Another previous development was the staunch.
Miguel Calleja
The canal lock is an invention that as already mentioned is used to rise and lower boats to waters that are found at a different level. The canal lock works by opening, closing, filling with water and proceeding to the next level. First the water level of the first step is equaled to the one of the lower waters. After that, the gate for the first chamber is opened and the boat proceeds into the first chamber of the lock. Once the boat is in and the gate is closed, the water level rises to meet with the water level of the next step. Then the gate to the second chamber is opened and the boat proceeds into it. This step is continued until the boat reaches the highest step. Once it reaches the highest step the final gate is opened and the boat goes into the higher waters. The waters of each step are raised by additional water pools that these locks have at their sides. The water is pushed into the chamber out of these pools until the chamber reaches the level of the higher step. This is how these locks work.
Horse utilities In this article I will talk about the horse harness and stirrups. This are two of main inventions used for horseback riding or for horse caridges. Both inventions were and still are a success and a very helpful tool.
A stirrup is a foot holder attached to a horse that holds the foot of the rider. The stirrup is attached to the horse by a strap, often called a stirrup leather. Stirrups are mainly used in pairs, one on each side of the horse. They greatly increase the rider's ability to stay in the saddle and control the mount, increasing also the capacity of the horse. A stirrup is used in every horseback riding sport in the world. New and modern stirrups come in many different shapes and sizes, mainly because there are safety concerns relating to stirrups and so to prevent this, stirrups must be of the write size and shape. A horse collar is a part of a horse harness device used to distribute load around a horse's neck and shoulders
when pulling a wagon or plow. The collar often supports a pair of curved metal or wood pieces, called hames, to which the traces of the harness are attached. The collar allows a horse to use its full strength when pulling, essentially allowing the horse to push forward with its hindquarters into the collar rather than to pull with its shoulders as it would be required to do if wearing a yoke or a breastcollar. The collar is also an improvement on the yoke as it reduces pressure on the windpipe. From the time of invention of the horse collar, horses became extremely valuable for agricultural success and for pulling heavy vehicles. When the
horse was harnessed with the horse collar, the horse could provide a work effort
of 50% more foot-pounds per second because of greater speed than the ox,
This is a Horse harness
as well as having generally greater endurance and ability to work more hours in a day.
Chopsticks Kinds of Chopsticks
A Chinese invention ‌
Chinese
.Chinese have longer wood chopsticks with a rounded thicker end.
Chopsticks are narrow sticks of equal length used as eating utensils in Asian countries. They are made of bamboo, plastic, ivory, metal, and various types of wood.
Japanese
Japanese use short wooden chopsticks that come with a sharper end.
Korean
Koreans use short, metallic, wood, or plastic chopsticks that are often blunt at the end.
Vietnamese Vietnamese have lengthier chopsticks that come thicker at the end as in Chine.
The pair of chopsticks is maneuvered with one hand , between the thumb and the fingers and is used to pick up the food.
Chopsticks History Chopsticks originated from China, as early as the Shang Dynasty. The earliest pair of chopsticks known (made out of bronze) was found in the Ruins of Yin, near Anyang, dating in 1200 B.C.
Many countries in Southeast Asia ate with their hands, such as Thailand. But when Chinese immigrants came, these countries started to use chopsticks.
Ye Eun Hong
The Coffin
The Chinese w ere the inventors of the coffin, and they invented the urn. The earliest coffin w as found in China, it dated back to 5000 BC. The thickness of coffins was used to em phasize the level of nobility of a person. D ouble fram es also showed the level of nobility. D ouble coffins w ere found earliest in the Liangzhu culture (3400-2250 BCE). D ouble coffins have also been found in an archaeological site in Inner M ongolia. Lacquered coffins have been m ade, like the one for M arqu is Yi of Zeng. A coffin is a box w here you lay the deceased down and bury them in it. A n urn holds the ashes of som eone who has passed and been crem ated. There are m any different styles and m aterials for a coffin, but its m ain purpose is to hold the dead. The Chinese were the first to start on this concept. The urn serves the sam e purpose, except you don’t have to bury it and it can stay w ith you for safekeeping.
Gabriella Loosle
Chinese Crossbow
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The Chinese repeating crossbow or Chu Ko Nu (shown below) was a ground breaking “upgrade” or improvement on the regular crossbow. The normal crossbow could shoot only once, although some versions could shoot more than one arrow simultaneously, and then would have to be reloaded. The new crossbow was rapid fire, loaded with a magazine usually containing seven arrows, that were known as “bolts” when talking about a crossbow. Leonardo Da Vinci's crossbow was bigger than a man and was more of a siege engine than a weapon. In modern times, crossbows are mainly used for hunting and target practice , although it continues to be deployed in some types of armed conflict, as shown left.
In about 678-500 B.C the crossbow was invented in China during the Zhou or Qin dynasty (there is no exact date).
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There is no certainty about the crossbow's inventor but the one who is cited most often is called Ch'in, who improved on the trigger mechanism in around the sixth century BC. Some historians believe, however, that the crossbow could have existed as far back as the late seventh century B.C or even before
The crossbow was invented a for military purposes and
significant role in warfare in
was considered a very
East Asia, Persia, Europe, the
powerful improvement to
Mediterranean, and also in
the classic bow and
parts of northern Africa such
arrow. This weapon played
Andres Gonzalez
Exploding Cannon Balls
A shell is a payload-carrying projectile that contains a filling which is explosive. Shells are usually large caliber projectiles fired by artillery, warships, armored fighting vehicles. Shells usually have the shape of a cylinder, topped by an ogiveshaped nose which delivers better aerodynamic performance. They say it was invented in 1376 or 1421. A problem in 1672 was they could not measure where the cannon ball would go so they started modifying.
Many Types of “Shells� There are many different types of shells: High explosive: These are the most common type of shell. Mine shells: these are used in small caliber weapons, such as a 30 mm to 20 mm. Armor Piercing: At the beginning of the world war 2, these types of shells were common. Shells designed for this purpose sometimes had a greatly strengthened case with a small bursting charge. Armor piercing discarding-sabot PDS was developed by engineers working for the French company, and was fielded in two calibers 75 mm/57 mm for the Mle1897/33 75 mm anti talnk cannon, 37 mm/25 mm for several 37 mm gun types Chemical 155 mm artillery shells containing "HD" agent at Pueblo chemical weapons storage facility. Note the colour coding scheme on each shell. Chemical shells contain just a small explosive charge to burst the shell, and a larger quantity of a chemical agent such as a poison gas High Explosive Anti tank HEAT shells are a type of shaped charge used to defeat armoured vehicles. They are extremely efficient at defeating plain steel armour but less so against later composite and reactive armour
C H I N E S E
I N V E N T I O N
Fireworks
By Alexandra Carmelo The History of Fireworks Fireworks were invented in China on the 7th century. They were used to frighten away evil spirits with their beautiful loud noise and pray for happiness and prosperity. However, fireworks were also used for celebrations and ceremonies, although before the 14th century, they were only used for the celebrations and ceremonies of the royalty and the rich. Fireworks were traded westward through Spain, eventually reaching America through their colony in Mexico. Fireworks are said to have been invented when a Chinese cook accidentally dropped saltpeter into a cooking fire. The combination produced an very pretty flame, and so saltpeter began to be used as an ingredient for gunpowder. When the gunpowder and the saltpeter were enclosed in a bamboo tube, it created a loud and colorful explosion. Chinese monks began to use these first fireworks in the New Year celebrations to scare away demons.
30 April, 2010
Joshua Eiswirth
Fishing Reel Parts of a spinning reel: 1: Pick up or bail 2: Reel seat 3: Reel foot 4: Handle 5: Support arm 6: Anti-reverse lever 7: Skirted spool 8: Fishing line 9: Drag adjustment knob
Who, what, when, where, why, and how
Today fishing reels are used on every fishing rod from minnow fishing to Sail fishing.
Origionaly the fishing real was made in china. There are paintings dating back to 1195 by Ma Yuan of the fishing reel but the Chinese say that they had the fishing reel in the 3rd Century. The painting was called “Angler on a Wintry lake”. The fishing reel was eventually made for fishing for big fish.
“Angler on Wintry Lake” The “angler on Wintry Lake was painted by Ma Yuan and it is the first recorded fishing reel.
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The flamethrower was a Chinese invention. Byzantines and Greeks had their own kind of flamethrower. The Chinese called it Pen Huo Qi meaning fire throwing machine. The Chinese made it in 919 AD during the five dynasties. The Chinese made the flamethrower to fight off enemies like the Mongols. The flamethrower has changed majorly from 919 AD to today. It was very simple back then but now is complicated and heavy.
The Flamethrower back when Chinese ruled used some type of gasoline or naphtha. Now they use nitrogen. The flames are pushed out through the gun part by its own pressure. The flamethrower was used during World War I. During the Second World War it was used much more. For both wars they were used in trenches (held by a soldier), on tanks, and sometimes on boats. Flamethrowers aren’t only used for war they are often farming.
Steven Campillo
C H I N E S E
I N V E N T I O N S
Gunpowder By Maddi Fairbanks
Gunpowder Gunpowder is a type of black powder that burns rapidly. It’s a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate, because of the amount of heat and gas volume produced, it’s used as a conductor of firearms and a pyrotechnic composition in fire works. Most firearms that are used today don’t use the traditional gunpowder (black powder) instead smokeless powder is used. Although gunpowder is used in firearms, it has a slow decomposition rate and so it is classified as a low explosive. Gunpowder was used and invented in ancient China, where military forces used weapon technology that’s based with gunpowder to defeat the Mongols. It’s been argued whether or not the Chinese invented gunpowder or the “co-invented” or co-discovered” it. Gunpowder was invented during the Han Dynasty by Wei Boyang. Wei Boyang was the first person to ever write about gun powder, he talked about a mixture of three powders that would “fly and dance violently.” Gunpowder today is used to make different items like, firearms, fireworks, rockets, medicine, fuses, and special effects.
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The Compass By: Leni Peterson R. 04/05/10 Period #1
A compass is an instrument that has been a long time in the making. It is made up of a magnetized pointer, which based on the earth’s magnetic field, indicates the direction of the North Pole. It was a great Chinese invention, which was originally made up of a lodestone that was placed on a bronze plate (created during the Han dynasty), in order to align buildings using the feng shui. Since its invention, it has been one of the most important inventions in the history of mankind, because of its precision. The compass not only made traveling easier and safer, but also helped the movement of ideas to begin, the discovery and exploration of new lands, the beginning of trading, and many other marvelous things, that made humans open their eyes to new possibilities.
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Spring 2012
Nail Polish
Famous companies: • O.P.I. • Sally Hansen • Essie Common colors: • Baby pink • Brown • Black • Maroon
The Chinese used a lacquer that was made out of egg whites, Arabic gum, gelatin, and beeswax. To make the color mashed roses and orchids that were combined with alum (which is a chemical compound). The Egyptians used henna to color their nails as well, but the invention was mainly Chinese. It took a
while to dry; it was mostly overnight that they placed the mixture in their nails. The royalty in China used gold and silver to paint their nails.
In the present Today most of the women paint their nails, even little girls. There are huge companies that make whole collections of nail polish. Some of the most famous companies are:
O.P.I., Sally Hansen, Essie, etc. Colors have changed a bit; now a day we use electric blues, pale pinks, dark purples, and shiny browns.
Mahjong
The Mahjong is a game from China for four players. Chinese people start playing it since age four. Its Chinese name is éşťĺ°†. In order to play Mahjong you need skill, strategy, calculation, and luck. In Asia, people gamble with this game. The game consists in making four or five melds (also depending on the variation) and one pair, or "head" during their turn (they draw a tile and discard one). Each player is dealt either thirteen or sixteen tiles in a hand, depending on the type of game being played.
There are various myths of how this game was invented. One myth says that Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher, developed the game in about 500 B.C. The myth also said that Confucius was fond of birds, which would explain the name "mahjong". However, there is no evidence that Mahjong existed before the Taiping era in the 19th century; that eliminates Confucius as the likely inventor. This game is more popular in Asia than in the west. Today (2010) Mahjong is more popular table game in Japan. People that play it like to gamble with this game.
By: Hector Sulaiman
Invention of paper Ancient Chinese inventions
The Chinese invented paper, in the year 105 AD. The Han court eunuch Cai Lun invented it. This invention is considered one of the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China. They used paper instead of silk because it was effective and cheaper. Some years later, the use of paper was spread through Europe and Islam. First it appears to have been made from hemp, which is a type of plant, and sometimes with tree bank or bamboo. They mixed it with water, and then beaten to a pulp. Later it was put into a mold made of cloth, and wait till it was dried. The real advance came when the mold was changed, now the process was faster, and the mold could be used immediately. This new container was made out of bamboo, silk, flax and animal hairs. At these moments paper is basic to our modern world, we use it in our everyday life; for communication, expressing ourselves and in other ways.
Sofia Scherer
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Playing Cards Origin of Playing Cards Playing cards first originated in China during the 9th century which was during the T’ang Dynasty. Supposedly Princess Tongchang, daughter of the emperor, played a game called the “leaf game” with some relatives from a clan called the Wei clan. In the Song Dynasty a scholar called Ouyang Xiu confirmed that card games had existed since mid T’ang Dyansty. The Ancient Chinese “money cards” had four suits on them. The playing cards may have been first played by
actual money paper currency by using them as the actual game’s cards or as the betting money. Mahjong’s designs have most likely evolved from the earliest playing cards. It is very possible that the first Chinese deck of cards ever printed was a domino’s deck. In the Ancient Chinese cards scientists have seen that they have the 21 combinations of pairs of dice.
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Issue #, Date
Chinese Inventions
Restaurant Menu
A restaurant menu is a printed paper or brochure that indicate which are the dinner options you can choose from. The restaurant menu also lists the prices of the items you can choose from. Some modern fast food restaurants decide to display the menu on LCD screens collocated in a place where people can see it and then order. Other restaurants decide to give a number to each item on the menu and then people order by number for example number ten. Most menus give the name and a description of each course and you order by giving the name of what you want.
The restaurant menu has existed for a long time and has a great history that goes with it. Restaurants menu began to be used in the early Song Dynasty when urban merchants and shopkeepers didn’t have time to go eat at home so they went to temples, taverns, tea houses, food stalls and restaurants and eat there. Also foreign people had to eat in those places. The term menu comes from the Latin minutus meaning something made small. These things gave birth to restaurant menus. By Emanuel Marcano
Seismometer
Earthquakes have been happening on Earth since the beginning of time but it wasn’t until 132 A.D. that someone invented a device to measure it and know
Heng’s invention consisted of an urn-shaped
where it had happened. It was in
instrument with the pendulum at the top holding a
the Han Dynasty in China, the
little marble. At the bottom, there were eight metal
empire needed a way to recover
toads with their mouths open, to catch the marble.
faster from these disasters, and a
When an earthquake struck China, the small ball
man named Zhang Heng created a life-saving apparatus.
would fall to one of the toads, indicating the exact cardinal direction on which the earthquake came from. This allowed the emperor to send immediate help to the part of his empire that needed aid quickly. The Chinese continued to improve it until the Yuan dynasty, when they used it no more.
By: Santiago Rodriguez
Tea April 30, 2010
Tea is a plant, which was used for making medicines. Tea was originally brought from Indians about the second millennium. First it was for medical circumstances, later around the Han Dynasty, tea began to be a drink. Tea became really famous in China, it gain the name of Chinese Tea Culture. Because of being so popular in this time all Chinese people liked it, there even was a book about tea. As it became a great medicine for the aches or cuts, tea was the best way to cure a sickness. As I said before, tea became a popular drink in China, every single Chinese tried and liked tea. This was the era in which tea became known in the entire world. It was important and during the developing of China, The upper picture is a tea flower plant and the bottom picture is a tea plantation.
different types of tea plants were found, for example: the yellow, black, white, green, and more. Tea can be prepared in different ways; it all depends on the kind of process it goes through. Chinese wanted a better taste for tea plants; this made them decide to grow tea plants larger and higher. His effect made tea plants taste better and sweeter, making it more satisfying to drink. There are two very important types of tea: the China tea plant and the Assam tea plant. Andrea Montiel
April 30,
Tofu
2010 Tofu is a food made out of soybean milk. This food is known around the world. There are many ways you can eat tofu. You can eat it in a soup, salad, bread and more things. Vegetarians that can’t eat milk or dairy products eat a lot of tofu because it is a great source of protein and many nutrients. A simple way of making tofu is by boiling the soymilk and mixing the coagulant in. The coagulant is made by mixing nigari, calcium sulfate and hot water. After this place the clogs into a tofu container with cheesecloth outside and wait some time, then put it in the refrigerator and wait some more time. Tofu can be made in many textures: hard, extra hard, and silken. There are many theories concerning tofu’s origin. The first theory says that a man called Liu An wanted to be an immortal so he went high in the mountains to make pills that would make him immortal. He mixed many things together but didn’t succeed in the immortal pills; instead a white tender thing was done. He tasted this material and found out it was delicious and that is how tofu was invented according to this theory. The Indian theory says that tofu was brought up by Indian monks or Buddhists. The Mongolian theory says that Mongolians who made cheese used a similar process to make tofu. There is little evidence to prove these theories and the Liu An theory is definitely the most known.