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The Chinese Animal Zodiac consists of 12 different animals that represent a distinct month or year. Although, the most common use of the zodiac is the year. Typically, the zodiac goes Rat: excellent taste, are a good friend from February to January of the and are generous and loyal to others Dragon: Gracious, good friend, kind, considered part of its pack. Motivated next year. No one is very certain sensitive, soft-spoken, cautious, by money, can be greedy, is ever of the exact date of the creation curious, seeks knowledge and welcomes artistic, thorough, tender, selfbut it was officially recognized in challenges. Compatible with Dragon or assured, shy, flexible. Can be the Han Dynasty. The Han moody. Monkey. BY: MIAH KHAN Dynasty reigned from 206 B.C-9 Snake: Deep thinker, elegant, calm, Ox: a trueborn leader, hard working, A.D. There is a theory that the gentle and usually stubborn. stubborn, serious and can feel lonely first emperor of the Han dynasty and insecure. Takes comfort in friends first developed it. How it works is and family and is a reliable, protective Horse: Witty, charming, attractive and is very strong willed. Can be quite simple. The Chinese zodiac and strong companion. controlling. is calculated in cycle of sixty Pig: sturdy, sociable, peace-loving, years. The Chinese Zodiac is still Ram: sincere, sympathetic, shy, patient, loyal used today in order to determineTiger: sensitive, deep artistic, creative, understanding, and hard mothering but is very weak willed. your “inner strengths� and some thinker, capable of working. great sympathy. They of the weakness you will Monkey: Inventor, motivator, can be extremely shortencounter in your life. improviser, quick-witted, flexible
What are you like?
CHINESE ANIMAL ZODIAC
tempered, however.
but can be vain.
Rabbit: Gracious, good friend, kind, sensitive, The zodiac is based on soft-spoken, amiable, astrology and also a mixture of elegant, flexible. Can Greek mythology. Still, it is used be moody, detached, in the modern world. You see it self-indulgent, everywhere: schools, restaurants stubborn.
and more places that were influenced by the Chinese. The animals of the zodiac are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. Each animal holds different characteristics, qualities and weaknesses of that person born in that particular year.
Rooster: Neat, well organized, likes leadership, scientific and practical. But can be very egotistical Dog: Loyal, sociable, sympathetic, honest and intelligent. Are worrisome and loves getting into 1984 1996 2008 fights
Rat
1924 1936 1948 1960 1972
Ox
1925 1937 1949 1961 1973 1985 1997 2009
Tiger
1926 1938 1950 1962 1974 1986 1998 2010
Rabbit 1927 1939 1951 1963 1975 1987 1999 2011 Dragon 1928 1940 1952 1964 1976 1988 2000 2012 Snake 1929 1941 1953 1965 1977 1989 2001 2013 Horse
1930 1942 1954 1966 1978 1990 2002 2014
Sheep 1931 1943 1955 1967 1979 1991 2003 2015 Monkey 1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004 2016 Rooster 1933 1945 1957 1969 1981 1993 2005 2017 Dog
1934 1946 1958 1970 1982 1994 2006 2018
Yash Bajaj
The Fork: An Ancient Chinese Invention
"Fork." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork>. "List of Chinese Inventions." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions>. "Fork - China culture." Kaleidoscope. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://kaleidoscope.culturalchina.com/en/137Kaleidoscope5730.html>.
The word fork comes from the Latin word furka meaning â&#x20AC;&#x153;pitchforkâ&#x20AC;?. A fork is an eating utensil with a handle, and two to five tines (pointy, narrow sticks). Even though this utensil was invented in East Asia, or China, nowadays it is primarily used in the West, while chopsticks are more popular in China and the rest of the Orient; even though both are from China, and forks were invented much before chopsticks. The fork is one of the most essential inventions that the Chinese created, for our daily life. Many people believe that the Chinese were the first users of chopsticks, which are true, but the fork had been in China many years before the chopstick. Forks became a very important dining utensil during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1050 BCE); they were found in the tombs of the Shang Dynasty.
The earliest forks in China were made of bones of different animals and carved, and later were made with modern materials such as: steel, copper, iron, and others. At this time, they were not used for the kitchen, or for eating the food in a mannered way, but used to catch animals (hunt) and to gather and eat their food. The fork expanded to the rest of the world, during the Ming Dynasty, and was also used in Ancient Greece. It later reached the rest of Europe near the 10th Century. There were also many types of fork, just as nowadays, but the earliest Chinese fork only had two tines, but later developed on two three, four, and even five tines! This invention has had a great impact on us, because it was one of the most essential utensils for dining, and it would be very hard to eat without this very special Chinese invention.
The word chopsticks come from the Chinese Pidgin English, were this word means “chop chop” meaning quickly. Chopsticks were invented during the Shang Dynasty, that existed from 1766 B.C.- 1122 B.C. One of the first pairs of chopsticks was found in the Ruins of Yin and were made out of bronze. Later this great invention was spread around Asia in countries like Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Most of these places had eaten with their hands before chopsticks were invented. If you are young and you hold the chopsticks incorrectly, it will be hard on the parents because they are the ones that are supposed to teach you how to use them
Daniela Villa 2A/B Chopsticks are small to long sticks that come in pairs with an equal length. They are made with a large variety of different materials such as: Bamboo, Plastic, Bone, Wood, Metal, Ivory, and Jade. The length may vary from 30 to 40 cm. Chinese chopsticks are usually longer than other types, they are squared at the end were they are held and round at the other end used to pick the food. A long time ago they used to be used for eating noodles, but now they are used in all types of Chinese food.
Chopstick facts:
A few common pairs of Chinese chopsticks.
•
Improve memory, character printing and brush painting
• •
They are heat resistant.
•
Chinese call them “Kuaiza” meaning quick ones
They are the 2nd most used eating tool in the world
PORCELAIN THE
The word porcelain means a strong object with an appearance of glass translucent ceramic material fired at a low temperature. It is believed that the porcelain was first invented in China. Porcelain was first made in the Shang dynasty (about 1600 B. C. E.) Also in the Eastern Han Dynasty high-fired glazed ceramics became into porcelain. During 618-906 B. C. E. a porcelain manufacture in the Tang Dynasty was took to the Islam world and it was extremely expensive. Just rich people could buy it. During this time there were two types of porcelain. The tri-color glazed porcelain and also the sancai wares. The sancai wares are porcelain figures such as horses and people. This technique was invented during the Tang Dynasty. By the Sui and Tang Dynasty porcelain had become really famous and widely produced. Thanks to the Chinese porcelain exportation it began to spread all over Europe in the seventeenth century. There are three different types of Porcelain: 1. Hard paste porcelain. - In the 18th century at the Meissen Factory the earliest European porcelain was produced. They were formed of a paste made with kaolinite, quartz and alabaster and fired at a temperature of 1,350º C and because of this a hard and strengthen porcelain is created. 2. Soft paste porcelain. – This was when there were the first attempts from Europe to create an exact same copy to the Chinese porcelain. To make this they used a mixture of Chinese clay and ground-up glass or frit. Also they added soapstone and lime. The bad part was that when they heated the porcelain it got shattered so it was uneconomical porcelain. Later they came up with the mixture of kaolin, quartz, feldspars, nepheline syenite and other feldspathic rocks. This made the soft porcelain more resistant so they kept on producing it. 3. Bone China porcelain. – During this time England tried to compete with China’s porcelain. Now this type of porcelain is the most known worldwide. This porcelain was actually created by a Jesuit and what he did was that during his journey he entered a Chinese manufacturing company and added bone ash into the mixture.
Ernesto Martin Vazquez
ANCIENT CHINESE MULTI-STAGE ROCKET - FIRE
DRAGON
It comprised of about a 1.65m long tube equipped with many rockets inside. The front was designed to look like a dragon head while the back was designed to look like the tail of the dragon. The two ends of the rear body of the fire dragon were equipped with two rockets. These rockets were linked by strings to the ignition on the inside. Then one uses a final string to ignite the 4 rockets at the lower portion of the fire dragon. The lower portion of the dragon
body is the 1st stage rocket, while the inner body of the dragonsQuisque were the 2nd stage rockets. When "Fire Dragon out of water"was placed onto a warship and used for attacking enemy ships, one can ignite the 4 first-stage rockets at the lower portion of the dragon body. This act as forms of booster propeling the dragon body forward for a certain distance. After the combustion of the 1st stage rocket is depleted, it will automatically ignite the 2nd stage rockets on the inside body of the dragon.These 2nd stage rockets will be fired out of the dragon's mouth towards the enemy ship, creating explosion on the enemy ship. Each rocket has about 750 g of gunpowder. The weapon is about 5-10 kg and can traverse a cruise distance of 1.308-1.962 km
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Bomb Cast iron Bomb Cast Iron The first bombs were invented from the Chinese they were composed of two important things. Gun Powder and iron. The bombs were made for 2 reasons first to protect themselves from the Mongols and then to threaten other countries that would Quisque want to attack. This bomb was invented during the Jin Dynasty 1115/1234. These bombs were made of cast iron shells packed with explosive gunpowder it was presented in the 13th century in China it was called the thunder crash bomb. The bomb consisted of a little of gunpowder put in a iron container the fuse was lit and the projectile shot off and then there was a great explosion the noise was as loud as thunder. The Chinese used the bomb most for protection like I said and they had it in ships in 969 to 1279 the official Li Zengbo said that there should be arsenals with several thousands iron bombs shells. The Chinese produced each month 22 thousand iron bombs
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LUKE KILA
Gunpowder
In 142 AD, during the Han dynasty a man named Wei Boyand was the first person ever to write anything about gunpowder. In his writings it indicates that three different types of powders could produce the mixture of gunpowder and that it could cause great and violent explosions. But only in 300 AD, in the Chin Dynasty a scientist named Ge Hong who had written down the formula that he had tested himself and described the explosion with his own eyes.
It was only in 700 AD, under the rule of the T’ang Dynasty that Gunpowder popularity and use started to soar. The Emperors of the T’ang Dynasty often used gunpowder for firework displays. By 904 AD Chinese inventors saw that the formula of gunpowder could be used as a dangerous weapon, the army first used gunpowder in rockets made of bamboo and using small stone cannon balls as ammunition to
this new advanced weapon. This idea is similar to the guns and cannons that we have today.
GELATO ICE CREAM IN ROME, ITALY
I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream! This mix of milky and flavorful goodness was created by some very important people in our worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history- the Chinese. It was between the years of 518 A.D. to 907 A.D. that they decided to heat goat, cow, and buffalo milk in order to create a thick, creamy yoghurt. Then they refrigerated it, and created what we now call ice cream. As ice cream has developed, so have the methods to make it. Some have added egg yolks; others have added salt and crushed ice. Depending on what they are made of and how they are made, the different kinds of ice cream receive different names, such as frozen yoghurt, frozen custard, sorbet, gelato, and mochi. No matter where you are in the entire world, you can enjoy this tasty delight of any flavor at any time! By: Daniela Madrazo
Acupunture
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Chinese Invention Acupunture
For 2,000 people in china have been practicing acupuncture. Even that acupuncture acupuncture helps against pain, it isn't effective against any disease, Another acupuncture is ear acupuncture. If someone has a problem with his/her liver, sticking a needle into the ear can treat the problem. The ear is supposed to be the corresponding part for
Acupunture is an invention that was developed in ancient china this medical procedure involves inserting needles into certain points on a persons body its supposed to prevent pain doing surgery. And help with other sickness. It sounds sarcastic that pinching needles in your body will relief pain but acupunture is done with a special tecnique there are 500 points in our body which chineese belived energy flowed in in 14 paths or meridians. For 2,000 people in china have been practicing acupuncture. Even that acupuncture acupuncture helps against pain, it isn't effective against any disease, Another acupuncture is ear acupuncture. If someone has a problem with his/her liver, sticking a needle into the ear can treat the problem. The ear is supposed to be the corresponding part for the liver.
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NAIL POLISH
Nail polish was invented in China by the Zhou dynasty in
600 B.C. The Chinese made nail polish by mixing Arabic gum, egg whites, gelatin and, beeswax. During the Zhou Dynasty royalty used nail polish, they used gold and silver polish to enhance their nails. Later in the Ming dynasty colored their nails red and black. Soon nail polish traveled to Egypt where Egyptians used it to mark social class. And latter in England automobile paint was inspired by nail polish. Today women as well as men use nail polish, which is now available in almost any color.
NAIL POLISH
It is not yet proven where or when Tofu was invented and we probably will never know, but one
TOFU
of the theories was that it was invented in China. People believe Tofu first appeared in China around 164 B.C. during the Han dynasty by price Liu An. It is not certain that the prince invented this but there is some evidence like the fact that in a Han dynasty tomb they found a mural, which supported the theory. Yet it is not certain because some scholars still believe it wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as firm or had the same taste as the Tofu we all know today.
WRITTEN BY: NICOLE WOROSZYLSKI
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CHINESE INVENTIONS The invention of the seismometer The Chinese invented a lot of useful things; one of them is the seismometer. The seismometer is an instrument, which captures and measures earthquakes, nuclear explosions and another seismic sources. This invention helps prevent accidents and alerts people to be aware of what is going on. Also helps people who does not feel the trembling. Seismometers are able to detect earthquakes and other seismic waves. Early seismometers used optical levers to
Seismoscope There is another instrument called Zhang Heng's Seismoscope, which does the same thing that a seismometer can do. This Zhang Hengâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Seismoscope can measure the seasonal winds and earthquakes. This Seismoscope was invented during the Han Dynasty. The Seismoscope looks like a big bronze container with dragons on the side. When there is an earthquake the mouth of the dragon opens in the direction of the earthquake.
increase the motions involved, recording on photographic paper. The voltage needed to produce this force is the output of the seismometer, which is recorded digitally. These Chinese invention is really useful, we can see when does the ground actually when
moves, mostly we
donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t
even
noticed that there is an earthquake.
Sara Betancourt
Noodles Noodles are originally from china, they were ‘’peasant invented’’, around the year 300 B.C according to Shu’ Hsi’s Rhapsody on pasta in the 300 year A.C. This noodles were created because along the boiled vegetables and rice, Chinese people needed a tasty easy to make and easy to eat meal. Common peasants began kneading dough made of flour and wheat with water. Then dried this four times and dripped them in water, this way noodles would be easy to swallow and a little chewey, with a slight taste of bitterness.
Featuring on The Silk Road, the noodles were traded along with the species and their special rice. This is how according to legends, our modern pasta was created, more like modified, and instead of dripping the dough strings Romans started to boil them and adding more wheat, salt, and oil. Today, noodles are a fast, delicious meal.
PAPER Paper is what we write on. What we use everyday this is one of the four main Chinese inventions. They kept paper a secret for nearly 800 years. It was invented in 105 A.D. during the western Han dynasty. Cai Lun improved paper making technique by using different variety of materials, like tree barks, hemps, rag etc. The oldest paper to every be discovered was in Fufeng County, Shaanxi was made from hemp during the Han dynasty.
Bamboo was produced n the Tang Dynasty from 608-907. Xuan paper was also made in Jing County in the province of Anhui and it is probably the most famous paper. This paper was used for Chinese painting and calligraphy. This paper is soft, smooth, white, absorbent and very durable. Paper making was introduced to Korea and Vietnam during the 3rd century A.C. and to Europe and the Middle East in the 9th century A.C. The first European paper mill was built in 1009 A.C.
The pinhole camera is a camera that has no lens and a small hole. This camera lets light enter from one side and show an image and then it inverts the image in the other side and you get your picture. You can make the hole the size you want and, the smaller the size of the hole, the sharper the picture will be. The pinhole cameras shutter can go up to 5 minutes to 5 hours. Normally, pinhole cameras are used to take pictures of the moving sun during sunset or any other time of the day this is called solography. These pictures can be projected in translucent screen. During the 4th century some Greeks such as Aristotle and Euclid started using the pinhole camera, then during the 5th century Chinese started using them by taking pictures of the Chinese Pagoda. This was very popular during the tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ang dynasty and sung dynasty. Today, you can make your own pinhole camera in your house with very simple items! Try it is fun.
TOOTHBRUSH! Andrea Romano
Brushing your teeth is a very important thing to be clean and is used in daily life! A toothbrush is an instrument that helps teeth to be clean and without cavities. As you may already know, toothbrushes are made in various styles, sizes, colors and brands; there are even electronic toothbrushes! The typical one is made out of nylon fibers with a plastic handle. The different kinds of toothbrushes are for you to see which one works for you because scientists still don’t know which is more effective; the important part is that you brush your teeth.
Until 1949 the bristled toothbrush was invented in China by an emperor, they were made out of hog bristles attached to a bamboo stick. The idea of a toothbrush traveled up to Europe where it was modified using other types of hairs like horse and wild boar neck hair. In 1780 William Addis, from England made the design of the common toothbrush used today. Finally in 1938 Dupont Nemours invented the nylon bristles that are used today. This toothbrush was called Doctor West’s Miracle Toothbrush. The ideas kept going around from place to place, and in America the first person to use a toothbrush was H.N. Wadsworth on November 7, 1857 but it wasn’t until 1855 that the production of these began.
The
Seismograph
The Beginnings of the Chinese Seismograph In the year 132 CE, Zhang Heng, who was an inventor and an astronomer, came up with the idea of creating the first seismograph, which was the called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Houfeng Didong Yiâ&#x20AC;? (instrument for measuring the seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth). This happened during the Han dynasty, where people did not yet understand the causes of earthquakes and how strong or weak they could be.
How did it work? This seismograph was a large bronze vessel of about 2 meters high, and at the top there were 8 dragonheads each holding bronze balls. The way this seismograph works is that when there is an earthquake, one of the mouths of the dragons would open and the bronze ball would drop into a bronze toad at the base, making a loud sound and showing the direction of the earthquake.
SILK & ITS HISTORY
WHEN
Macarena Ramos HOW & WHERE For almost 200 years Chinese
Chinese discovered silk between 2600 and 3000 BC. They had a major production of silk that boosted the economy of china at the time.
kept the production and invention of silk a secret, it was the most carefully kept secrets in history.
Silk comes from a moth called Bombyx mori. It can lay up to 500 eggs in a period of four to six days, and the worm dies. The spinning tools, gadgets to keep cocoons in, give the impression that the sericulture started way before they indicated it. The worm that lives inside this moth produces a thread that is much more smother than other types of silkworms, Chinese people have tried many different types of silkworms and this has proven to be the best.
Silk and Its Origins When silk was discovered, it was only used for the ruler. It was allowed to the emperor only. After the Europeans discovered the silk it became a fashion trade. Gradually many classes of society began wearing tunics of silk, and silk became into a more general use.
This image represents a model suspension bridge at a proportioned scale.
Chinese Inventions 4 of May of 2010
Suspension Bridges Making a bridge from the past to the present Although many cultures around the world used this useful piece of architecture, the first ones to actually conceive it were the Chinese. This type of bridge in China can date all the way to the ancient Han Dynasty, which means it could be over 2000 years old. The magnitude of this discovery is astounding, for it might have propelled the Chinese culture and technology centuries ahead of anywhere else in the world.
By: Luis Felipe Landa
This type bridge can span from 2,000 ft, all the way to 2, 700 ft. The suspension bridge, hence the name, suspends a road over land or water by immense hightension cables. The Chinese chains that were used have been replaced in order to make higher efficiency and lessen the risk of any type of danger. The cables are spread between towers throughout the bridge in order to distribute, as equally as possible, the incredibly large weight of steel and passing cars.
By: Andrea Torres
Tea!
The history of China tea is very long and interesting. China tea was first discovered in 2737 BC, by the Chinese emperor named Shennong. According to legend, it is said that the emperor liked to drink boiled water. One day, he and his army were traveling to a distant region, suddenly they decided to stop and rest. One of his servants was boiling water for him, and a dead leaf from the wild tea bush fell into the water. It turned brownish and that is how tea was first discovered. The Han Dynasty used tea as a medicine. Later on, The Tang Dynasty started to drink tea for pleasure or in social occasions. The consumption of tea in the world is now huge! Millions and millions of people drink tea in the world and China represents almost 30% of the total production of tea in the world.
There are many varieties of tea, and the most common ones are the following: White tea, Green tea, Yellow tea, Black tea, Pu-erh tea, Oolong tea and Herbal tea. Depending on the type of tea, it needs to have its own temperature. Tea not only helps us to relax, but also it is exquisite and enjoyable. Many people in the world still use it a medicine and to cure diseases that plants can cure. It is said that tea is the second most drinkable liquid in the world, after water, obviously! The people in the world are mostly looking to have a healthier and better environment; therefore, we will see more consumptions of tea all over the world, that will go on from generation to generation.
Types of Tea!
Chai Tea Black Tea Passion Tea White Tea Apple Tea Orange Blossom Tea Chamomile Tea
Toilet Paper Our Savior In the second century BC, paper was just for wrapping and padding material, but then in 589 AD, a Chinese man named Yan Zhitui realized that toilet paper could be used in a different way and he said, “Paper on which there are quotations or commentaries from Five Classics or the names of sages, I dare not use for toilet purposes”. Later on, during the Tang dynasty, a Muslim Arab, who was just a traveler to China, quoted, “They (the Chinese) are not careful about cleanliness, and they do not wash themselves with water when they have done their necessities; but they only wipe with paper.” in the year 851 AD.
Not everyone used toilet paper though. In other areas, richer people would use wool, lace, or hemp, while poorer people would use their hand or rags, wood shavings, leaves, grass, hay, stone, sand, moss, water, snow, maize, ferns, fruit skins, seashells, and sometimes even a sponge on a stick. Later on, once it got to the United States of America, they started making all sorts of different types of toilet paper.
Woodblock Printing Stamping, Rubbing, and Printing in
better ways of recording there
Chinese technique used for
a press. For stamping you need to
past and sending messages from
printing text, images, and patterns
press the table on the fabric and with
one to another. Wood binding
used through all Asia. It was first
a hammer press all of the content
emerged from the scroll. After the
used to print on textiles but now
into the fabric. For rubbing you put
scroll came the sutra binding,
it is also used on paper. The
the paper on top of the wood or hard
then came the butterfly binding,
oldest wood blocked article or
material surface and start rubbing
after those there were many
piece that has been found is
with a metal pallet. And with
different ideas about pasting and
considered to be from the Han
pressing the paper would be written
sowing the papers together but
Dynasty because it has flowers
part facing up and a hard surface on
hey werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t that good. So after all
printed with the key colors from
top in witch everything would be
those ideas developed there was
that dynasty. Until now they
placed.
the idea of wood binding that was
Woodblock printing is a
know that it was created before
This technique was
the final creation of those times.
220 thanks to the oldest
developed because the Chinese
It was created by Chinese people
document found printed in cloth.
wanted to move on with their
but it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t specify who the
Woodblock printing is divided
inventions and find easer and better
exat creator was because of all
into three different steps that are
ways of recording there past and
the different creations.
Stamping, Rubbing, and Printing
sending messages from one to
Sofia Gonzalez