Design Realisation DETAIL REPORT

East London Horticultural Club cum Alternative Treatment Centre How to build a healthier community in a time of austerity?

Julian Huang

Design Realisation Report- 2010-2011 Unit 22

Content: p.03 p.05 p.07 p.09 p.11 p.12

p.15 p.18 p.21 p.21 p.23 p.24 p.25 p.35 p.36 p.37

p.39 p.41 p.43 p.45 p.47 p.49 p.51 p.53 p.55 p.57 p.61

p.63 p.65 p.67 p.70 p.72 p.74 p.76 p.77 p.79

p.81 p.83 p.87 p.89

p.91

Part 1, introduction:

1.1-Unit 22 agenda 1.2-Project ambitions 1.3-Project brief and function 1.4-Building Programme 1.5-Site location 1.6-Site analysis

Part 2, Building Delivery- area of focus

2.1-Scope for planning 2.2-Planning strategies 2.3-Funding sources 2.4-Case studies 2.5-Procurement strategies 2.6-The role of the architect 2.7-Buildng delivery phases 2.8-The role of the contractor 2.9-CDM 2.10-The role of the specialised consultant

Part 3, Building form and systems: 3.1- Overall scheme site plan 3.2.1- Ground floor plan 3.2.2- Lower ground floor plan 3.2.3- Roof plan 3.2.4- Section AA 3.2.5- Section BB 3.3- Transition of user through building 3.4- Structural strategies 3.4.1- Load forces diagram 3.5- Access and circulation 3.6- Fire strategies

Part 4 Building construction:

4.1- Building envelope makeup 4.2- Impact of building material 4.3- Solar gain and day lighting 4.4- Detailed building envelope section, 1:50 4.4.1-Water ingress 4.4.2-Interstitial condensation 4.4.3-Thermal insulation 4.5- Internal fire spread 4.6- Building maintenance strategies

Part 5, Building performance

5.1-Overlall energy strategies 5.2-Water drainage and harvest system 5.3-Acoustics 5.4-Natural ventilation and passive cooling

Bibliography

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PROJECT INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION

Unit 22 Agenda (In-)Water Dwelling.

Water’s essential nature makes it a strategic natural resource globally. Riparian water rights have become issues of international diplomacy, in addition to domestic and regional water rights and politics. World Bank Vice President Ismail Serageldin predicted, “Many of the wars of the 20th century were about oil, but wars of the 21st century will be over water”.

The causes, are many and varied; they include local scarcity, limited availability and population pressures, but also human activities of mass consumption, misuse, environmental degradation and water pollution, as well as climate change. Fresh water — now more precious than ever in our history for its extensive use in agriculture, high-tech manufacturing, and energy production — is increasingly receiving attention as a resource requiring better management and sustainable use.

Due to all of this, there is an emerging water industry facing huge challenges for innovation and research. While there is no way to increase the world’s water supply, we can prevent worse circumstances by conserving water and eliminating water wastage altogether with innovative solutions. This could mean a lot of wonderful opportunities to build business leading to a whole new water global geography. Water treatment, Desalination, Agriculture (rainfall harvesting, conservation techniques, small-scale irrigation, animal husbandry), Aquifer recharging, Tourism, Transport, Dredging, Weeds control e.g. Hyacinth, Hydroelectric power for rural electrification, water extraction from wetlands, building of small dams are only some of the examples. All these opportunities could be understood as extensions of domestic and family life. Therefore Water Farms arise as a new civil typology providing both shelter and making life means.

On the other hand, from early times, people from the four corners of the globe have benefited from the therapeutic qualities of water joining cultural, religious and health habits in their house’s and neighborhood’s construction. Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Turkish, Japanese, and Nordic cultures have long partaken in domestic hot springs baths and common facilities. Due to contemporary extreme stress in professional life, the spa practice of immersing the body of the person in water to restore and maintain health is again considered to be very important to life. Nevertheless recent specialization of Medicine has pushed Home Spas to daily indulgence in luxurious houses while specializing salutary spas, which are run by medical practitioners to treat users as patients. Latest breakthrough in spa technology involves ultrasonic waves, ozone negative ions and far infrared rays into simple sometimes portable home spa equipment.

These equipments provide relief not only from stress but from some common illnesses empowering again the utility of Spa Houses as health preventive agents with considerable importance for welfare state.

As a last chosen topic between those thousands related to water, we will focus on water materiality. Monitoring technology can help architecture to get advantage on the adaptation to weather conditions using water as technical support. Eco-friendly features like the water desalination, energy accumulation, ventilation methods, water recycling, heat and energy consumption, tidal and solar energy systems are being developed through empirical procedures. In addition, lots of investigators contribute to the use of water made by biotechnology industry. Biomaterials development requires a deep understanding on molecular hydration and water forces, and how they determine the interaction between molecules, surfaces and forms. A whole range of building solutions and materials are linked to the research on water characteristics enabling to talk about Hydro Materials as a new generation of innovative architectural products.

Unit 22 will work throughout two years on water politics related to dwelling opportunities. In this first year, students will produce both design and research on these three topics: Water Farms, Spa Houses and Hydro Materials. A trip to Thailand will be arranged providing a tour throughout the country to analyze the relationship between water and residences in economical, cultural and political terms. Although all the students will be invited to join our Thailand trip for finding the selected case studies, each student will be asked to choose a working area out of Thailand. Students’ works will form all together a constellation of site specific projects around the world revealing the clues for an understanding of new innovative water-based global geography.

Early experiments exploring the relationship between us and how we use water, the transperency of water usage.

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PROJECT INTRODUCTION

4

PROJECT AMBITIONS

1.2 PROJECT AMBITIONS

Agenda: ‘In the natural world, waste is food […] eco-design should ensure that there is nothing from our human-made built environment that cannot be absorbed benignly somewhere else in the system.

My main interest this year is to develop a new reality of living, working and playing.

I aim to develop architectural strategies that could generate links and feedbacks between the user and the environment, resulting in a symbiotic relationship in a wider urban context.

I want to introduce strategies that would help us to make our cities, towns and villages a more efficient, more healthy and more productive place to live, to work and play. These will transcend the current implementation of ‘green’ and ‘sustainable’ solutions, by tapping potential energies that are hidden in our wastes, or lying dormant or being completely ignored, my aim is to harness and utilise them. My agenda have the following goals: - Strategies that purify waste water with natural resources.

Such as plants and marine animals, this is more cost effective and more environmentally friendly than using highly toxic chemicals.

- Harness and recycle the many useful elements in waste water.

A vast quantity of nutrients we consume in our food end up in the sewer. We should collect these and use them to grow food, to raise fish and not let it be wasted!

- Modify attitudes, increase awareness and alter perception towards water usage.

I would like to explore and develop ideas that challenge the current water culture.

- Reduce water usage and increase water efficiency.

Architecture should act as a barometer to how much water we are consuming. If possible, even control the amount of daily water we consume.

- Strengthen relationship between communities and its energy and food sources.

Due to mass urbanisation, we are becoming disconnected to our biological and natural resources, such as food, water and energy sources.

Architecture should allow us once again connect to these life sustaining links.

- Generating energy using water and organic waste The potential amount of energy we can harness by using water is vast; it’s free, renewable, and sustainable and will help to cut down CO2 emission drastically. At the same time, we should also be using more organic waste such as dried sludge from sewerage plants to produce energy, our organic waste contain high level of methane, this could be trapped and recycled.

- Self-sufficient local communities Our food should be grown within close proximity of our living quarter, our energies shouldn’t be imported from Norway or France, and our waste should be recycled to use as compost for gardening.

- The enjoyment of water The experience of using water should be fun, joyous; we should celebrate the use of this precious commodity.

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PROJECT AMBITIONS

“How to build a healthier community in a time of austerity?”

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PROJECT BRIEF

1.3 BRIEF AND FUNCTION BRIEF & FUNCTION

How to build a healthier community in time of austerity?

Big Society

"to create a climate that empowers local people and communities, building a big society that will 'take power away from politicians and give it to people'."

Since the current government has been elected, it has been championing their flagship policy of a ‘Big Society’.

The plans include setting a elected, Big Society Bank and introducing a national service.

Since the current government hasup been it has been championing their flagship policy of a citizen ‘Big Society’.

The include setting up a Big Society Bank and introducing a national citizen service.

Theplans stated priorities are: The stated priorities are: 1.Give Give communities more(localism powersand (localism 1. communities more powers devolution)and devolution) 2. people to take to an active role active in their communities (volunteerism) 2.Encourage Encourage people take an role in their communities 3. power from central local government 3.Transfer Transfer power from tocentral to local government 4. Support co-ops, mutuals, charities and social enterprises 4.Publish Support co-ops, mutual, charitiesgovernment) and social enterprises 5. government data (open/transparent

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(volunteerism)

5. Publish government data (open/transparent government)

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But however, at the same time, the government is slashing the budget of many of its services, forcing local authorities to close important facilities and organizations across the social spectrum, ranging from infrastructure to Government’s health care budget Cost of health insurance But however, at the same time, the government is slashing the budget of many of its services, forcing local authorities to close important facilities and healthcare. Together with the rise of private health cost and treatment, many believe this will lead to a dramatic organizations across the social spectrum, ranging from infrastructure to healthcare.

Together with the rise of private health cost and treatment, many believe downfall in the quality of the national health service, where only the wealthy and privileged would be able to get quality treatment. this criticaldownfall era of national austerity, lessofhealthy lives are more susceptible due to this will lead toAnd a in dramatic in the quality the National Health Service, where only the wealthy and privileged would be able to get quality treatment. the economic downturn. So one can argue therefore, the need for these public healthcare and facilities are And in this critical era of national austerity, less healthy lives are more susceptible due to the economic downturn. So one can argue therefore, the need for more important than ever. My brief thus was influenced by this thought, instead of spending money treating it, can we theseitpublic and facilities are more important than ever. My brief thus was influenced by this thought, instead of spending money treating it, can prevent in the firsthealthcare place?

we prevent it in the first place?

New East London Horticultural club & Alternative Centre Building Brief:

A preventative and alternative treatment facility by and for the local community

New East Sanatorium club The new East London London alternative treatmentcum centreHorticultural and horticultural club consists of three main objectives: A preventitive and alternative treatment facility by and for the local community

Firstly, a wider social political agenda where the project directly responded to the U.K government’s policy of ‘Big Society’. Taking on board some of the

policy’s keyLondon points,sanatorium its main and goalhorticultural is to utilise power of themain local community ( big society policy No. 1) to develop and deliver this scheme. The horticultural The new East clubthe consists of three objectives: club isa wider designed to where encourage the directly local community part in rigorous, activity likeongardening would result in a healthier commuFirstly, social specifically political agenda the project responsed toto thetake U.K government’s policy healthy of ‘Big Society’ . Taking board somethat of the policy’s key points, its main goal is to utilise the power of the local community ( big society policyNo. No. 1) develop deliver this scheme.

The horticultural is designed healthcare specifically toand encourage the local community to take part in rigorous, healthy activitiy like gardening that nity, (big society policy 2)toand the and treatment centre, would provide a club preventative alternative medicinal treatment facilities that are open would a healthier community, (big society policy No. 2) and the sanatorium, would provide a preventative healthcare and alternative medicinal treatment facilities that are open to the local community. to theresult localincommunity.

The thethe locallocal community, would also in turn provide theprovide funding of thefunding buildingof project by a contribution, of monthly subscription the healthcare facilitiesto provided by the sanatorium Theusersuserscommunity, would also in turn the the building project as bya asort contribution, as a sort to ofuse monthly subscription use the (big society policy No. 4). healthcare facilities provided by the centre (big society policy No. 4).

Secondly, the sanatorium is about developing a stronger and higher awareness between water and user, and how much water we are using and the sources of that water. This could only be archieved by transparency.

Secondly, the centre is about developing a stronger higher awareness between water and and how much water we using and the sources Transparency in terms of the users getting a full, visible and clearand understanding the processes and ingredients useduser, and involved in their alternative and are preventative treatment sessions.of For example, a hydrotherapy that water. could onlytobe achieved by transparency. in terms of thetheusers getting a full, visible and clear theand processes session wouldThis enable the user understand where the water he/she Transparency uses come from; how it’s treated; different process it’s treatment; weather itsunderstanding natural or industrial, for the herbal and aromatic therapy sessions, what ingredients are used, what flowers didalternative the essentialand oils come from and how it’s extracted, these are transparencies the building aim to deliver. therefore, thethe sanatorium and ingredients used and involved in their preventative treatment sessions.

Forthe example, a hydrotherapy session would enable user to can also be interpreted as a center of environmental sustainability learning, in particular, of water. would provideprocess an ideal setting where my interests thenatural relationship between water can be further tested, a continuation understand where the water he/she uses come from; howThe it’s sanatorium treated; the different it’s treatment; weatherinits or industrial, andand forusers the herbal of thearomatic samples and cocktails which I’ve what developed earlier in the and therapy sessions, ingredients areyear. used, what flowers did the essential oils come from and how it’s extracted, these are the transparencies The sanatorium will focus on three main areas in the relationship between water, user and architecture:

the building aim to deliver. Therefore, the project can also be interpreted as a centre of environmental sustainability learning, in particular, of water. It would

provide an ideal setting where my interests in the relationship between water and users can be further tested, a continuation of the samples and cocktails 1.

Water- activate which developed in theEngland year. The treatment centre will focus Ion three areas in the by relationship water, userand and architecture: Using I’ve the hydro poweredearlier lifts in South and the water wheels as inspirations, would likemain to develop a system where waterbetween can be used to activate trigger movements around the building.

2. Water- generate as aactivate spatial material. Instead of using physical and permanent materials to generate spaces, I would like to create spaces that are more transient, and flexible that can be adapted to change of use.

1.Water Water3. WaterUsingstimulate the hydro powered lifts in South England and the water wheels as inspirations, I would like to develop a system by where water can be used to Essentially thetrigger sanatorium is a alternative and preventative treatment centre, where treatment without surgery or chemical based medications are used. Rather, the centre focuses on natural treatment processes such activate and movements around the building. as herbal, hydro and aroma, in which water are one of the main ingredients involved in these therapies.

2. Water- generate Water as a spatial material. Instead of using physical and permanent materials to generate spaces, I would like to create spaces that are more transient, and flexible thatpoints can be to change of use.

These three focual canadapted be interpreted into different areas of the sanatorium. water activate would be applied mainly to the entrance/ reception area of the building, water generate would be to the changing and 3. Water-facilities stimulate showering and water stimulate would be the alternative treatment facilities. The motive behind this choice is that these three spaces are intrinsically interconnected with water, and water would play a critical roleEssentially in the activation these operational spaces. This be explicitly defined as: centre, where treatment without surgery or chemical based medications are used. the of centre is an alternative andcan preventative treatment •Rather, The aromatic chambers would rely steam to extract its processes fragrances and essential oils the centre focuses onon natural treatment such as herbal, hydro and aroma, in which water are one of the main ingredients involved in these •therapies.

The herbal canteen would rely on the steam generated by the aromatic chambers to power its herbal medicine mixer.

• The hydro bath and wash would rely on the previous two spaces to generate steam and heat which would be used to control the different temperatures of the water.

Thesethe three focal points be interpreted areasInofthis the project. activate applied This mainly to elements the entrance/ receptionclub area of the Lastly, sanatorium is aboutcan intergrating the natureinto and different the architecture. context, theWater horticultural club would and andbe sanatorium. means of the horticultual would become parts of the sanatorium. building, water generate would to the between changing andand showering facilities and water stimulate would be the alternative treatment facilities. The motive beThus merginf the two and blurring thebe boundary nature architecture. hind this choice is that these three spaces are intrinsically interconnected with water, and water would play a critical role in the activation of these operational spaces. This can be explicitly defined as: • The aromatic chambers would rely on steam to extract its fragrances and essential oils • The herbal canteen would rely on the steam generated by the aromatic chambers to power its herbal medicine mixer.

• The hydro bath and wash would rely on the previous two spaces to generate steam and heat which would be used to control the different temperatures of the water.

Lastly, the centre is about integrating the nature and the architecture. In this context, the horticultural club and treatment facilities. This means elements of the horticultural club would become parts of the treatment centre. Thus merging the two and blurring the boundary between nature and architecture.

Opposite: research into the use of alternative medicines and their effects.

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PROJECT BRIEF

HOLISTIC TREATMENT OF THE BODY The treatment centre focuses on alternative medicine such as aromatherapy, herbal therapy and hydrotherapy, and encourage the use of natural, non-chemical based treatment processes. It is also a preventative treatment centre, the use of aromatherapy, can help to reduce stress and relieve anxiety.

Aroma treatment room

Aroma garden

Aroma-therapy MIND

Some of the aroma from the aromatic chamber would be allowed to escape and fill the surrounding atmosphere of the sanatorium with beautiful fragrances.

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Aromatic Chambers.

Where patients would come and inhale the fragrance and scented oils.

Water pumped from river Roding would be boiled to desalinate the brackish water at the same time utilising the steam generated to extract the aromatic oils in the flowers. Which would be then sent to the aroma therapy chamber.

The flower from the horticulral club would be harvested and processed.

The organic material ould then be sent into the boiling chamber, where steamwould be used to remove the essential oils away from the plant.

The essential oils would be carried together with the rising steam, into the aroma therapy chamber.

Horticultural Club

Methane would be extracted from the decomposing organic materials in the sewerage settling tanks Pipes would channel the methane into a storage facility underneath the sanatorium

Port of London Authority - Tide Predictions

NORTH WOOLWICH 2012

January

MUSCULAR & 17 SKELETAL

Time

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0559 1212 1847

2

Hydro-therapy 18

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0026 0645 1256 1937

1.5 6.0 1.3 5.9

0115 0746 1353 2035

1.7 5.8 1.6 5.8

19

0216 0900 1510 2138

1.8 5.7 1.7 5.8

20

0342 1011 1625 2244

1.8 5.8 1.6 6.0

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0500 1114 1726 2343

1.5 6.0 1.4 6.2

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0559 1207 1819

1.2 6.3 1.2

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0033 0651 1253 1906

6.5 1.0 6.6 1.1

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0117 0738 1336 1947

6.7 0.9 6.8 1.0

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0158 0823 1417 2026

6.8 0.8 6.9 0.9

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0237 0906 1458 2104

6.9 0.7 7.1 0.8

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0315 0947 1538 2144

7.0 0.6 7.2 0.7

0351 1025 1618 2224

7.0 0.5 7.1 0.7

29

0427 1100 1700 2304

6.9 0.6 7.0 0.8

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0505 1134 1744 2344

6.8 0.7 6.8 1.0

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0548 1213 1834

6.6 0.9 6.6

SA

SU

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0029 0640 1304 1933

1.1 6.4 1.1 6.4

0125 0748 1420 2042

1.3 6.2 1.3 6.2

0244 0914 1542 2157

1.5 6.1 1.4 6.2

0412 1034 1701 2312

1.4 6.2 1.3 6.3

0535 1145 1817

1.2 6.5 1.1

0016 0651 1244 1918

6.6 0.9 6.8 1.0

0109 0752 1335 2007

6.8 0.6 7.0 0.9

0154 0843 1421 2049

7.0 0.5 7.1 0.8

0235 0926 1503 2124

7.1 0.5 7.2 0.8

0313 0959 1542 2150

7.1 0.6 7.2 0.8

0348 1021 1618 2216

7.0 0.6 7.0 0.8

0420 1040 1652 2244

6.9 0.7 6.8 0.9

0451 1106 1723 2313

6.7 0.8 6.5 1.0

0522 1134 1755 2344

6.5 1.0 6.3 1.2

0557 1205 1833

6.2 1.2 6.0

INTERNAL ORGAN Herbal-therapy Direct steam distillation diagram

Herbal canteen location

Hydro therapy location

Herbal garden

During high tide water would be dirverted into the hydrotherapy area.

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Steam driven engine which would power the industrial pestle and mortar

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Herbal medicine storage shelve.

Herbal greenhouse

The harvested herbs would be grinded by a giant pestle & mortar that’s driven by a steam engine powered by steam coming from the aroma therapeutic boiling chamber.

Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy, involves the use of water for pain relief and treating illness. It was marketed as water cure by practitioners and promoters in the 19th century. hydrotherapy can take on many forms, but its the generic term includes using jets, underwater massage and mineral baths (e.g. balneotherapy, Iodine-Grine therapy, Kneipp treatments, Scotch hose, Swiss shower, thalassotherapy) and others.

It also can mean a whirlpool bath, hot Roman bath, hot tub, Jacuzzi, cold plunge and mineral bath. These treatments use physical water properties, such as temperature and pressure, for therapeutic purposes, to stimulate blood circulation and treat the symptoms of certain diseases.

Herbs are cooked and boiled to create the desired remedy.

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PROJECT PROGRAMME

1.4 PROJECT PROGRAMME Recipe for a healthier community:

A new East London Alternative Treatment Centre The new East London alternative treatment centre will be a preventative and alternative treatment facility designed specifically for the local community of Newham, but it would also be open to a wider range of users if required. To enable the building to operate successfully, it will contain the following facilities: 1. A water reception/entrance area

Within easy access from the horticultural club where users of the sanatorium can register and order their treatment.

The reception/entrance area will be an extension of the landscape around the building, a green wall and sloped vegetation floor would provide a relax, healthy environment and introduction to the user of the sanatorium. The vegetable wall and floor would also capture most of the natural daylight throughout the day and become the main feature of the space. The reception area is also the first contact point between water, architecture and body. Dirty, unpurified rain and river water would be captured and stored, and where patients can order the exact amount of water required for the treatment programme, thus creating a new system of how people will use their water.

2. A salad bar & herbal canteen

This is where users can sample the fresh produces and salads grown in the horticultural club, while waiting for their consultation with physician and treatment programme to start. Conventional waiting systems in healthcare facilities should be avoided, instead the cafeteria/canteen would become the waiting area, it would also become a source of income for the sanatorium. The herbal canteen would be where patient on the herbal therapy programme can go and have their concoction cooked up with gas captured from the sewage plant nearby.

3. Natural steam shower and changing room

Instead of using mains water in the shower facilities, the new sanatorium would take advantage of using purifies rain water captured in the reception area or steam heated up by methane captured in the Beckton sewage plant.

4. Consultation spaces

The consultation spaces would be where physicians give diagnosis for the patient and decide how the required treatment programme would be carried out. This space would coincide with the natural filtration facilities of the sanatorium; where gravel tanks, marsh ponds and a mini fish farm would be used to filter rain and grey water captured in the reception.

5. Hydro therapy pools

Hydro therapy facility would contain various sized pools for singular or group use. Also the pool would be of different temperatures ranging from 33c-38c. Mechanical access for mobility users. The hydro therapy facility would be a floating structure that rise and fall with the tides. It would be located on the river side, so during hide tide the user in the pool would be metaphorically bathing in the river, this is to create a direct link between the water and the user, and the source of the water they’re using.

6. Aroma therapy rooms

The aroma therapy rooms would be located amongst the horticultural grounds. This is designed to strengthen the relationship between the aromatherapy and the flowers and ingredients where the essential oils are sourced. A naturally scented bed would further enhance the aromatic experience. Aromatherapy rooms would also consist of self-contained WCs and changing facilities.

7. Herbal medicine vault

Herbal medicine storage is where the dried herbal medicines are stored. It is where patient on herbal therapy programme come after their consultation with physician and receive their medications. This storage space also doubles up as a herbal medicinal vault where an extensive herbal medicinal sample are stored for safe keeping and future reference, under this circumstance, the space required need to be in a controlled environment, where temperature, humidity need to be under constant monitor, to safe guard the herbal medicine samples.

8. Tools & equipment storage for horticultural club

Lawn mowers, spades, gardening tools are kept in this area, need easy access.

9. Toilets and utility rooms

Toilets utilising grey and river water for flushing. Water from basins are recaptured and reused again.

10. Administration area for staff

Offices, operational and staff facilities for the sanatorium.

The horticultural club The horticultural club is rough six hectors in size and forms a key aspect of the programme, and it co-exists intimately with the three alternative facilities.

Firstly, it would act as a provider. A provider of scented flowers, for the aromatherapy treatment, and medicinal herbs for the herbal therapy and salad for the salad bar. It also act as a receiver, the ‘waste’ water from the sanatorium would be collected, stored and used to maintain the horticultural club, where the vast amount of minerals and useful elements would be absorbed by the plants of the horticultural club, thus, it creates a loop, and a feedback, between the user, architecture and the environment.

Furthermore, the sanatorium and horticultural club would take into account every single aspect of its surrounding condition, therefore addressing its context and typology.

Which currently include, a large scale sewage treatment plant, a tidal river on the Thames estuary, industrial warehouses and factories. At first, these all appeared to be massive problems, but in fact, these rather seemingly unappealing contexts are exactly what the sanatorium and horticultural club needs! The potential of this site and its hidden energies are unparalleled.

This is because: • All the energy needed to run the sanatorium could be harnessed from the sewage plant. (methane from decomposing sewerage) • The factories and warehouses would provide the ideal users/patient for the sanatorium. (within close proximity to the site) • All the water needed would be extracted from the river next to the site

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Opposite: Initial programme diagram, the alternative treatment centre was first called East London Sanatorium, however, it has since been altered to alternative treatment centre.

PROJECT PROGRAMME

Programme Definition

The Inter-depedant relationship between the Horticultural Club and Sanitorium

Programme & Function: East London Sanatorium cum Horticultural Club

The new East London Sanatorium will function as an alternative treatment centre for those who wish to escape the city without actually leaving it. It will provide an energy efficient and symbiotically balanced environment where a more healthy way of living would be encouraged.

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The sanatorium will provide an ideal setting where my interests in the relationship between water and users can be further tested, a continuation of the samples and cocktails which I’ve developed earlier in the year.

Those main ideas and focal points in which I would like to further explore are:

-Strategies that purify waste water with natural resources.

- Harness and recycle the many useful elements in waste water.

-Modify attitudes, increase awareness and alter perception towards water usage.

-Reduce water usage and increase water efficiency.

-Strengthen relationship between communities and its energy and food sources.

-Generating energy using water and organic waste

Objectives/ Agenda

Users

Services

Users

Reception

Leisure Facilities

Seed bank

Fertiliser Records

Visitors

Staff

Dinning Kitchen

Flowers/ Trees/ Food crops

Equipment Storage

Irrigation

Gardeners/ Staff

Patient

Library

Aroma therapy

Admin

Plantation

Spa

Clean Air

Herbal therapy Hydro therapy Healing Human/ Healing Nature Clean Air

Indicator of patient’s health

Store and Recycle Waste from Sanitorium

Indicator of the environment

Generating electricity from Alge

Harness methane from sewage plant

These spaces will be the focal point of the project.

The different spaces would be activated by water, where they will be interconnected by the different properties of water.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

Buckingham Palace

Olympic Stadium

Millenium Dome

Proposed Site

1.5 SITE LOCATION & CONSTRAINTS The above map indicates the proposed site in relation to some of London’s most well known landmarks suck as the millenium dome, the newly constructed Olympic stadium, and Buckingham Palace. This gives a clear indication of the building ‘s proximity to the urban centre, and also the close proximity to London City Airport.

Opposite: Site plan and section across proposed canal basin where the alternative treatment centre will be located.

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SITE PARAMETERS

SITE INTRODUCTION

ERS

42 MET

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Site dimensions

HIGH TIDE, 5-7 METERS 8 METERS

LOW TIDE, 2 METERS

Section aa

-Reasons for the choice of siteThe site is situated on a small patch of marshland in between Beckton sewage plant and River Roding. There are obvious challenges in relation to the large scale of the site, but at the same time the potential amount of energy that could be harnessed around the site is unparalleled. This could be a opportunity for a new type of environmental development that takes into account every single aspect of the site context and surroundings, therefore it behaves in sync, in conjunction with the wider urban context. Particular attention should pay to the exact location of the sanatorium and horticultural club so that it doesn’t compromise the scale of the site. This exact location could be determined through solar studies (currently still on going, see above) prevailing winds which could affect the smelling sometimes occur.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

1.6 REASONS FOR CHOSING THE SITE The site is situated on a small patch of marshland in between Beckton sewage plant and River Roding. There are obvious challenges in relation to the large scale of the site, but at the same time the potential amount of energy that could be harnessed around the site is unparalleled. This could be a opportunity for a new type of environmental development that takes into account every single aspect of the site context and surroundings, therefore it behaves in sync, in conjunction with the wider urban context. Particular attention should pay to the exact location of the treatment centre and horticultural club so that it doesn’t compromise the scale of the site. This exact location could be determined through solar studies (currently still on going, see above) prevailing winds which could affect the smelling sometimes occur.

Opposite: Site aerial view, and current surrounding conditions of the site.

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SITE INTRODUCTION

5

7 6

2

3

4

Industrial Factories and Warehouses Brownfield Sites Residential Neighbourhoods Chemical/ Waste Disposal Facilities

1

The approach road to Beckton sewerage plant

One of the many industrial estates along River Roding opposite the site

1. River Thames 2. Beckton Sewerage Works, Primary treatmentsettling tanks 3. Beckton Sewerage Works, Secondary treatmentsettling tanks 4. Abbey Mills pumping station 5. Proposed Site 6. River Lea 7. Beckton Industrial Estate

Quite, suburban streets at the northern edge of the Beckton sewerage plant

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SITE ANALYSIS

1.8 SITE CONDITIONS The site is situated on a small patch of marshland in between Beckton sewage plant and River Roding. There are obvious challenges in relation to the large scale of the site, but at the same time the potential amount of energy that could be harnessed around the site is unparalleled. This could be a opportunity for a new type of environmental development that takes into account every single aspect of the site context and surroundings, therefore it behaves in sync, in conjunction with the wider urban context. Particular attention should pay to the exact location of the sanatorium and horticultural club so that it doesn’t compromise the scale of the site. This exact location could be determined through solar studies (currently still on going, see above) prevailing winds which could affect the smelling sometimes occur.

15

BUILDING DELIVERY

2.0 BUILDING DELIVERY To enable the successful delivery of the East London alternative treatment centre and Horticultural club scheme, one of the most important factors would be related to procurement methods and planning.

As the scheme is designed to strengthen the health of the local community, the involvement of this community must be implemented even prior to the planning application and designing process, this is to ensure a design that would reflect the needs of the community. This would be achieved through a series of strategic methods designed to intergrate and engage the local community with the intent, and generating feedback of opinions and ideas through public consultations.

It is important to define the clients and major stake holders of the scheme.

Project title: East

London Alternative treatment centre and Horticultural club

Clients: London

Borough of Newham, Beckton Horticultural Society

Stake holder(s):

London Borough of Newham, private health enterprises & companies

Proposed funding sources: -Horticultural club -Newham Council -European Environmental Sustainability development Funds -Private health organisations and enterprises

2.1 SCOPE FOR PLANNING The London borough of Newham is located in the Eastern part of the city, the surrounding Boroughs include Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Barking and Dagenham. Together, these few boroughs (including Newham) make up four of the most deprived areas of London, and rank at the bottom end nationally. This deprivation also means there are high levels of unemployment, and that social unrest and all these meant there is lack of development which is crucial to help the borough to overcome its poverty level and be like other areas in London. One major downside of this level of deprivation means the health condition of Newham is also ranked one of the worst in London, all these factors would help to argue more for the development and introduction of a community led horticultural centre and an affordable alternative treatment centre.

Health Action Zone (HAZ) The borough of Newham belongs to the health action zone initiative, which is a government scheme to bring together organisations within and beyond the NHS to develop and implement a locally agreed strategy for improving the health of local people. The ambition of the project is to combat this high level of deprivation and low level of health, firstly, through the setting up of the horticultural club, which would provide a facility where the local community can come and take part in strenuous gardening work that’s good for the health, and grow vegetables which they can consume and even sell. Maybe this could even become a source of employment for some of the local people, as there are no qualifications needed to participate, and they would even learn through taking part in gardening.

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BUILDING DELIVERY

Public consultation sessions being carried out

Figures also shows the borough is also one of most unhealthy in the capital

Research figures showing the deprivation and unhealthy level of living in the borough of Newham Source: ???

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.2 PLANNING STRATEGIES The Alternative treatment centre and horticultural club would be a phased development and each stage of development would involve separate planning applications submitted to Newham planning authority.

The two major planning application phases include: 1. In regard to the poor health levels and high unemployment rate Newham borough is currently experiencing, the first objective of the project is the regeneration of the current site, which can be classified as a ‘Brown Field’ site under planning terms1. It would be turned into a series of horticultural gardens and allotments, where healthy activities can be carried out such as gardening, and tending the land. It would also provide job opportunities for the unemployed in the borough.

This first phase would take advantage of the government’s Small Holdings and Allotments Act 19082, whereby it states: Section 23, Duty of certain councils to provide allotments.3 (1)If the council of any borough, urban district, or parish are of the opinion that there is a demand for allotments in the borough, urban district, or parish, the council shall provide a sufficient number of allotments, and shall let such allotments to persons, resident in the borough, district, or parish, and desiring to take the same.

(2)On a representation in writing to the council of any borough, urban district, or parish, by any six registered parliamentary electors or persons who are liable to pay an amount in respect of council tax, resident in the borough, urban district, or parish, that the circumstances of the borough, urban district, or parish are such that it is the duty of the council to take proceedings under this Part of this Act therein, the council shall take such representation into consideration.

Furthermore, it states that co-operatives and societies could be given aid by local authorities: S. 49 Co-operative societies (2)The county or borough or urban district council may for the purpose of assisting a society make grants or advances to the society, or guarantee advances made to the society, upon such terms and conditions as to rate of interest and repayment or otherwise, and on such security, as the council think fit. The council may also let to the society accommodation for the storage or sale of goods.

(4)The Board with the consent of the Treasury may make grants, upon such terms as the Board may determine, to any society having as its object or one of its objects the promotion of co-operation in connection with the cultivation of small holdings or allotments.4

1 http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/BrownfieldSites.html 2 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw7/8/36 3 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw7/8/36 4 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw7/8/36

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.2.1 PLANNING STRATEGIES contin.

After the successful creation of the horticultural community, which should provide a positive incentive for the planners, planning application for the alternative treatment centre would be submitted to Newham planning authority.

The application would argue for larger, purpose built facilities that could accommodate the number of increasing horticultural community members, and move from a small scale, local, recreational development to a larger, city wide health initiative where multinational corporations and enterprises can get involved.

Because Newham council would be the project’s own client, the building could be seen as a beacon to other community led projects, and a showcase for the borough itself. Therefore, the building must adhere closely to the council’s UDP: Newham council’s first UDP was adopted in 1997, and fully reviewed in 1998 in order to ensure it reflected the Council’sVision.1 In its latest revised edition, 2007, the council sets out the following strategies: (in relevance to the horticultural club and alternative centre) the lists strategies are selected key proposals that could affect the alternative centre: SP1.Successful Places -The facets of healthy communities, quality urban design, successful centres, quality corridors and sustainable development -Place-making visions for new and rejuvenated communities -The desirability of achieving a balance between jobs, homes and infrastructure, ensuring new and existing community needs are met SP2 Healthy neighbourhoods The Council supports health care partners’ efforts to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce health inequalities and recognises the role of planning in doing so through the creation of healthy neighbourhoods and places.

-The need to improve employment levels and reduce poverty whilst attending to the environmental impacts of economic development including noise, vibrations and odour and the legacy of contaminated land; -The need for new or improved health facilities, and importance of protection and promotion of local access to health and other community facilities and employment; -The need for new or improved inclusive open space and sports facilities to encourage greater participation in physical activity and provide relief from urban intensity; SP3 Quality Urban Design within Places -The importance of contributing to the creation of genuinely mixed use areas with an integrated range of high quality living-, community facility- and workplace-accommodation, ensuring easy and inclusive access to these and associated walking, cycling and public transport -The importance of minimising environmental impact, with sustainability features incorporated into buildings, spaces and neighbourhoods at an early stage of the design process -An analysis of local character and the specific attributes of the site, seeking to reinforce or create positive local distinctiveness, whilst securing integration and coherence with the local context; -Sensitivity to and capacity for innovation in different parts of the borough, and the need for appropriate stakeholder and community engagement to help direct responsive design; -The desirability of making the public realm attractive as social meeting places to be enjoyed by the whole community, creating a sense of safety and security and helping to prevent crime and anti-social behaviour;

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1 http://www.newham.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/CD5ED979-3CEC-4A45-AF97-7B5490AFEF9F/0/UDPIntroduction.pdf

BUILDING DELIVERY

2.2.2 PLANNING STRATEGIES, Newham UDP, contin.

2.Jobs, Business and Skills -Create the conditions to attract investment in the Borough to allow Newham to act as a leading place within London for new and expanding companies to locate and invest [...] There will be an increased focus on strengthening Newham’s business base by reducing its reliance on public sector jobs, increasing entrepreneurship [...] supporting micro businesses and SMEs in emerging business sectors to achieve convergence with the rest of London.

J1 Newham’s New Economy -Develop the visitor economy and promote Newham as a sustainable destination, balancing the needs of visitors, the economy, the environment and Newham’s communities, focusing attractions, facilities and quality accommodation J3 Skills and Access to Employment -Improvements to education, skills and training provision, in particular those directed at the growth sectors in the local economy; -Removal of barriers to work for Newham residents; -Promotion of local labour agreements to enable Newham residents to develop skills and secure employment arising from the regeneration of the borough; -Support for employability projects established by the council and other partners where they are working successfully.

3.Sustainability and Climate Change -All Major developments (non-residential) will be required to be assessed against the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). It will be expected that development achieve ‘very good’ as minimum (or the equivalent level of any subsequently adopted national standard on sustainable design and construction).

-Maximising the efficient use of energy through passive solar design -Re-using and recycling waste arising from demolition and construction, and utilising materials produced and / or sourced locally.

-Incorporating sustainable urban drainage systems in line with the London Plan drainage hierarchy, and incorporating water efficiency measures to achieve a consumption target of 105L p/d.

-Incorporating living roofs which provide benefits for sustainable urban drainage, biodiversity and the microclimate.

-Greening the borough through landscaping, tree planting and provision of natural environments SC2 Energy -Connections to, or provision for connection to, decentralised heat networks (See Policy INF4).

-Incorporating on-site renewable energy generation in line with the requirements of the London Plan, and other innovative technologies to reduce carbon emissions.

SC4 Biodiversity -Sites of Importance to Nature Conservation (SINCs) will be protected, and development should contribute to their qualitative enhancement, including improvements to access.

-Incorporation of living roofs, landscaping and tree planting in developments. In addition, allotments and Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs) should be recognised for their biodiversity value and development should contribute to their enhancement.

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.3 FUNDING STRATEGIES To provide adequate funding to realise the building is one of the major challenges in the project. Initially, it was perceived that the building would be funded by the National Health Service. But due to the financial downturn and the major funding cuts the government is making to all its services, especially in the health sector, it would be ignorant to continue to rely on that source of funding. Therefore, the project looked to alternative funding sources.

The phased development is a direct response to this problem of funding. The main strategy is to utilise the landscape to generate a certain amount of income, such as subscription fees to use the gardens, ticket sales for visitors to the gardens, and membership fees for horticultural club members. These would generate a fund that would contribute to the overall budget of building. However, initially, as the project’s client, Newham council would be responsible for providing an incentive fund, to get the project started, on its first phase, such as the horticultural community. As the scheme develops. It hopes to attract larger health corporations and private business enterprises that would be interested to participate in the project, and then provide the rest of the money needed to deliver the building. Once the building is complete and operating, Newham council would get their initial funding back by a monthly or annual profit return.

As mentioned, each phase is designed specifically to generate an amount of income and contribute to the overall project funding. To deliver the building, the various funding sources the project would seek from are: - Private businesses and enterprises - Income from renting of the container annexes across the site - The use of the horticultural club - European Environmental Sustainability development Funds - Other public funding sources for community-related developments.

2.4 PLANNING STRATEGIES CASE STUDIES As a precedent, the research into other community led or driven developments around the country is an important step to take before commencing design, by doing so, these projects can demonstrate what elements has worked well, and what hasn’t worked so well. These chosen precedent projects are successful in terms of becoming a social motivator or driver for the redevelopment of the wider community or local area; it gave a useful insight into the requirements of a successful community driven project.

Skip Park, Kings Cross The Skip Garden is a mobile allotment on the King’s Cross development site built in partnership with many local partners as an example of organic urban agriculture. The functions of an organic garden are separated into separate skips (including a growing house and green engine) The Skip Garden serves as an educational platform where local children, young people, and business employees work together on tangible projects to improve local sustainability. This is a Capital Growth growing space and an exciting example of organic urban agriculture on one of the largest development sites in Europe.1 The Peckham Partnership Project The Peckham Partnership project is one of the largest estate regeneration initiatives in the country, finished in 2008 after a 13 year construction programme. It was an area of serious deprivation which has been radically transformed and it is now a place where people want to live rather than move away from.2 At the centre of the project is the Peckham library, designed by one of the leading architects in the country, it helped to draw numerous visitors, as it provided an engaging, interesting and welcoming educational space for the local community. Local health standards have also improved with the establishment of Peckham Pulse, the Lister Health Centre, better housing and new public open space and play facilities.

The Eden Project Being established as a landmark Millennium Project to mark the year 2000 in the UK, the Eden project in Cornwall not only promotes the education and communication of major environmental issues, it also helped to transform the 160 years old, dis-used china clay pit and its local community into a highly profitable, and popular visitor destination. One of its key contribution to the local community and area is the project’s early decision to source its supplies wherever possible from Cornish companies, be it food goods, plants, other retail items, and even its electricity provider, today it continues to buy from no less than 3,000 Cornish firms.3

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1 http://www.kingscrosscentral.com/skip_garden 2 http://www.countryside-properties-corporate.com/peckham-partnership-additonal-information 3 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5216102.stm

1. The Peckham Partnership . Project 2. Eden project 3. Skip Park in King’s Cross

BUILDING DELIVERY

1

2

3 Precedant of Community led projects

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.5 PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES The most suitable procurement strategy for each project is dependent on three major factors; Time, Cost, and Quality. The client need to look at which criteria the end product would likely to achieve, either a high quality finish, meeting the budget or meeting the opening date. In the case of the alternative treatment centre, where the project is developed through various different phases, and each phase would have a different hierarchy of time, cost and quality demand, and pose different relationships between the design team and contractors and client, it is decided to implement different procurement routes for each of the different phases to suit each phase’s programmes, complex site operations, and time, quality and cost demands.

The following procurement strategies are all suitable for the project, they include: - Traditional procurement Under the traditional procurement method, the architect is fully responsible for the design; the architect will typically prepare full construction documentation before inviting the contractors to tender for the works, either through competitive tender, or through a negotiated contract. The traditional procurement method would typically employ either a standard form JCT Building Contract, or a JCT Minor Works Contract.

Advantages: This strategy is a low-risk option for clients who wish to minimise their exposure to the risks of overspend, delays or design failure.

Disadvantages: The exposure to risk will increase where the design phase is rushed, where unreasonable time targets are set or where the tender documents are not fully completed.

- Design and build procurement Under a design and build contract the contractor assumes primary responsibility for the design of the development, in addition to its traditional role to supply work and materials. The contractor engages the architect, or more usually, has the appointments of the design team novated to them.

Advantages: D&B have three main advantages, these include; single point of responsibility, the main advantage is that the employer does not have to claim against different parties if a problem occurs. Price certainty, D&B offers greater price certainty over traditional forms of procurement, as many design and build contracts include a provision for a guaranteed maximum price. Speed, D&B allows work on site to begin earlier (before the design is complete) than under traditional forms of contract, due to the level of control given to the contractor. Single point responsibility means that the contractor is not relying on other parties for design or for the supply of information.

Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of a D&B contract are firstly, design quality, due to the speed and cost of D&B contract, design quality is not usually a high priority and often compromised, Additional design fees. If the employer wishes to take independent advice on design issues following the building contract being entered into, the employer will have to pay additional fees. Lastly, inflexibility. There is only limited scope for the client to make changes or alter the design once the contract has been signed.

- Construction Management procurement Construction management procurement involves the client organisation appointing a management contractor whose role is to purely management the project. The client organisation employs the design team, with the client or contract manager employing sub-contractors.The construction manager is responsible for co-ordinating the design, tender and construction processes. Design, tender and construction functions overlap, with construction work divided up into a number of smaller packages, tendered and constructed in accordance with the project programme. Work can begin as soon as design information is available and the tight programming of design drawing packages allows for a rolling tender and construction process.

Advantages: Acceleration of the overall project programme; Enhanced ability to incorporate changes into the design; Delayed completion of design elements, such as retail fit-out or hotel fixtures and fittings, that can be finished later without affecting the overall programme; Involvement of specialist trade contractors in design and construction; Creation of a less adversarial, problem-solving project culture.1 Disadvantages: Most of the risks in the procurement route lies with the client, who is also required to be committed to start building on a cost plan, project drawings and Specification only. Therefore the success of the final outcome relies heavily on trusts, between the client, the professionals and the management contractor, who must be well coordinated through all the stages.2

Programme

The project would sit in between programme and cost, as time and deadlines would not be the main concern, where as the final quality and functional requirements are critical.

Quality

Time

1 http://www.davislangdon.com/EME/Research/ResearchFinder/ProcurementPublications/ProcurementConstructionManagement_Sept06/ 2 p. 57, which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract’ 4th ed, H. CLAMP, S. COX, S. LUPTON, RIBA publishing, 2007, London

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BUILDING DELIVERY

The role of the architect and contractors in Design and Build Procurement

2.6 THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECT

Pre-design

The role of the architect and contractors in Design and Build Procurement Pre-design

1

AB

Design

Pre-construction

Construction

Design Pre-construction Construction First and foremost, the role of the architect is to provide an architectural service under the contract with a 1 AB 2 C client. They are required to deliver an end product to the client’s brief and demands, under a predetermined budget, and delivered on time.

2 C In the process of doing so, an architect at the same time is required to have excellent 3 Dknowledge 5of all the H regulations and rules set out by the governmental bodies and construction industries so as to ensure the end product complies andE is structurally sound, environmentally sustainable, and safe, 3 D 5 withHbuilding codes 5 4 GH 6 F and secure to operate, live and work in.

6 F F described previously, tie the architect to different respon4 GHprocurement Different routes, such as6 the ones 7 J sibilities. Some would only require the input of design ideas and drawings from the architects, while others require management skills as well as design inputs. In a project such as the alternative treatment centre, the 7 J role and their responsibilities will change accordingly, and evolve along with each of the phase of development. For example, in the first phase, the architect would act more as a consultant to the horticultural community. This is because the designs 8 would K mainly be carried out by the users themselves, and the main L responsibility of the architect is to enforce building codes and regulations on the user’s designs. Whereas Architect in the fifth, final phase, the architect would be involved with not only the design of the alternative centre, but also coordinating, and managing contractors and suppliers. They will play a central role to ensureContractor the different parties work as a team, and deliver the building on time and on budget.

Architect

5

E

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Key

Contractor

1 Appraisal and strategic briefing work by consultants

Therefore besides having good design skills, the architect needs to haverequirements a good knowledge of the different 2 Outline proposals/client’s 3 Detailed proposals by contractor working relationships between the different parties involved throughout the project, some of these include: 4 Tender action including contractor’s proposals 2 Outline proposals/client’s requirements contractors, subcontractors, quantity Surveyors, CDM co-ordinators, project managers, document control, 5 Final proposals by contractor and specialists 3 Detailed proposals by contractor suppliers, technical/ specialised engineers etc.

6 Production information Key

1 Appraisal and strategic briefing work by consultants

4 Tender action including contractor’s proposals

7 Mobilisation by contractor

5 Final proposals by contractor and specialists

8 Construction to completion and after completion

6 Production information 7 Mobilisation by contractor 8 Construction to completion and after completion

The role of the architect and contractors in Design and Build Procurement

The role of the architect and contractors in Traditional Procurement

Pre-design Pre-construction The role of the architect and contractorsDesign in Traditional Procurement Pre-design

Design

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AB

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Contractor

Architect Key

Construction

Key 1 Appraisal and strategic briefing work by consultants

2 Outline proposals/client’s requirements Key 3 Detailed proposals by contractor 1 Appraisal and strategic briefing work by consultants 4 Tender action including contractor’s proposals 2 Outline and detailed proposals by consultants 5 Final proposals by contractor and specialists 3 Final proposals and production information by consultants 6 Production information

2 Outline and detailed proposals by consultants 3

Final proposals and production information by consultants

7 Mobilisation by contractor 8 Construction to completion and after completion

The role of the architect and contractors in Management Procurement The role architect and contractors Traditional Procurement The role of of thethe architect and contractors in in Management Procurement Pre-design Pre-design

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ABAB

Design Design

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Pre-design

Pre-construction Pre-construction

Construction Construction

CDCD

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Pre-construction

Construction

These diagrams highlight how the role of the architects changes according to different procurement strategies. While in some methods the architect have much control, in others and build, the architect produce designs up 1 AB 2 like design CD to Stage B, or a basic outlined brief.

3

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ArchitectArchitect Contractor Managing Contractor / Works Contractors

Key 1 Appraisal and strategic briefing by consultants and contractor 2 Outline and detailed proposals Architect 3 Appointment of contractor and agreement on trade or works appointments 4 Final proposals and production information (continuing process) Managing Contractor / Works Contractors 5 Mobilisation 6 Production information and coordination of works packages 7 Tender action and adjustments (continuing process) 8 Construction to practical completion and after completion

Key 1 Appraisal and strategic briefing by consultants and 2 Outline and detailed proposals 3 Appointment of contractor and agreement on trade 4 Final proposals and production information (continu 5 Mobilisation 6 Production information and coordination of works p 7 Tender action and adjustments (continuing process 8 Construction to practical completion and after comp

Key 1 Appraisal and strategic briefing work by consultants

Source: which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract’ 4th ed, H. CLAMP, S. COX, S. 2 OutlineRIBA and detailed proposals by consultants LUPTON, publishing 3

Final proposals and production information by consultants

The role of the architect and contractors in Management Procurement Pre-design

1

AB

Design

2

Pre-construction

Construction

CD

24 3

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.7.1 BUILDING DELIVERY PHASES Phase No. 1 Time: 2012-2015

THE EMERGENCE OF A HORTICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

This initial phase of development will see the current site transformed into a series of gardens, food-growing allotment plots and a wetland marsh area along River Roding’s edge. Newham council will set up the newly formed East London Horticultural club, by attracting local residents, workers in the local industry and horticultural enthusiasts. This club will write a planning application to Newham council, taking advantage of the government’s Small Holdings and Allotments Act 1908, and demand a setting up of a new allotment area, which will occupy the site. Then the horticultural club will elect a board of representative members, who will appoint an official architect, in conjunction with Newham council, to act as advisor for the horticultural community.

THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

The main responsibilities of the architect in this first phase will be the major infrastructural developments around the site: making the site more accessible, the design of a series of canals, and allocating the different areas of gardens, and allotment plots.

Opposite: Plots of horticultural gardens and allotments emerging across the landscape throughout the first phase of development.

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BUILDING DELIVERY

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.7.2 BUILDING DELIVERY PHASES Phase No. 2 Time: 2016-2018

CONTAINER ANNEXES CREATED BY THE HORTICULTURAL COMMUNITY

As the horticultural community develops, it is envisioned the visitor numbers and members of the horticultural club will increase significantly. This will provide an incentive to start providing more public conveniences around the site, which will be small structures across the landscape such as tool sheds, seed/compost storage houses, waste storage facilities, public amenities such as toilets, cafes and just places of rest and contemplation. These small structures will be formed of ISO shipping containers, which are readily available around the site from industrial estates and warehouses.

THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

The architect will be responsible for the safe adaptation of the shipping containers into sound structures for habitation. He/she will work closely with structural engineers to make sure modifications of the structure would not compromised the stability of the containers, and the design of the foundations the containers will rest on. At the same time, the architect will have an advisory role for the community, who will be the actual designers of the containers themselves. The architect will be responsible for providing drawings of designs created by the community.

THE CONTRACTURAL RELATIONSHIP

The second phase uses traditional method of procurement. It’s critical that there is a good dialogue between the horticultural community and the architect, as he/she would oversee and approve their final design of the container annexes. It’s recommended that there should be bi-weekly meeting between the horticultural community board members and the architect, and a monthly meeting and debate between the wider community, its board members and the architect. This can occur in the form of public consultations. It’s also an opportunity for other horticultural members to see each other’s designs, for inspiration, and to maximize inventiveness. For this reason, it is decided to use the Traditional Procurement Contract.

Collateral agreement / warranty

Client Collateral agreement/ warranty

Contract for services Building contract

Client selected sub-contractors

Client selected suppliers

Consultants

Contractor

Domestic sub-contractors suppliers Source: Which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract

Opposite: Small container annexes appearing as demand to use the horticultural club increases.

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BUILDING DELIVERY

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.7.3 BUILDING DELIVERY PHASES Phase No. 3 Time: 2018-2019

INITIAL FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURAL INPUT

After a few years when the horticultural community becomes a success, a number of private health enterprises will start to take notice and become interested in joining the scheme to develop the alternative centre.

These will become the main funding sources and stakeholders of the project, and mark the beginning of construction work on the building. This will be a three phase construction, and the first phase will be the construction of the foundation supporting structures and steel frame that will provide structural support for the building.

THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

This straightforward first phase would use a design and build procurement route as the foundation structures are relatively simple in design and construction and many elements are repeated in the process. The main goal of this phase is to deliver the product on time and under budget. Therefore the architect will be responsible for providing an initial design proposal of the foundation supporting structure, up to stage E. Due to the route of procurement used for this phase, the initial design will then be tendered out to a contractor for final detailing. The role of the architect will then be novated as under the terms of agreement the contractor will take over the major responsibilities, but the architect can still remain as a client’s agent.

THE CONTRACTURAL RELATIONSHIP

The third phase uses design and build method of procurement. As the contractor will effectively take over the main responsibilities, all the risks are carried by the contractors, therefore this phase will carry low risks.

The contractors will be responsible for the final design and appointing the subcontractors and suppliers.

Consultants

Contract

Contract for services

Contract for services

Design

Agent

and build contract

Consultants

(consultant switch)

Sub-contractors suppliers

Contractor

Contract for services

Consultants

Source: Which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract

Opposite: First building structures of the treatment centre to appear are the concrete pile foundations and steel support frames.

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BUILDING DELIVERY

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BUILDING DELIVERY

2.7.4 BUILDING DELIVERY PHASES Phase No. 4 Time: 2019-2020

CONTAINER INPUT

After the foundation structures are complete, the series of containers designed by the horticultural community during phase two will be reused as modular building elements for the second phase of construction.

These elements will be tranformed into the lower part of the building, which will contain the changing areas, toilets and shower cubicles of the alternative treatment centre.

THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

The architect will once again have a major role in adapting all the different designs of container conversions into a singular, building component. As the architect provided the final designs for these containers earlier in the project, he/she should be the main designer, so this phase will again use the traditional procurement route, where the architect will be responsible for design and management and appointing contractors and suppliers for the entire phase of development.

THE CONTRACTURAL RELATIONSHIP:

The fourth phase uses traditional method of procurement.

Collateral agreement / warranty

Client Collateral agreement/ warranty

Contract for services Building contract

Client selected sub-contractors

Client selected suppliers

Consultants

Contractor

Domestic sub-contractors suppliers Source: Which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract

Opposite: The container boxes are lifted into place by cranes and then fixed at the four corners using twist locks.

31

BUILDING DELIVERY

32

BUILDING DELIVERY

2.7.5 BUILDING DELIVERY PHASES Phase No. 5 Time: 2020-2021

ROOF IN

In the final phase of construction will be the top half of the buildng, housing the reception area, and consultation rooms of the centre. The main feature is a large roof that will cover the ground floor. The roof will be clad with ETFE panels on the top and wooden panel underneath.

THE CONTRACTURAL RELATIONSHIP:

The final phase of construction uses construction management procurement method.

Collateral agreements

Client

Contract for services

Works contractors

Management contract

Works contract

Consultants

Management contractor

Sub-contractors

Nominated/ domestic suppliers

Source: Which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract

Opposite: The roof is the last major element of the construction process.

Opposite: The roof is the last major element of the construction process.

33

BUILDING DELIVERY

34

BUILDING DELIVERY

2.8 THE ROLE OF THE CONTRACTOR Many different contractors will be likely to be involved in this project, and like the architect, the contractor’s role will change according to each building phase’s procurement route. In some cases the contractor will be likely to be responsible for the physical construction of the building and overseeing preparations and site operations during construction. In another scenario the contractor will also become the principle designer of the project, as well as managing construction and overseeing site work.

Some of the main contractor groups the project would likely to involve are: -Main Contractor This contractor will have many different responsibilities including design, project management, and sub-contracting and appointing suppliers.

-Groundwork Contractor This contractor will be responsible for the major ground and landscape transformation of the site, such as excavations, removal or levelling of soil, digging canals, erecting sheet pile retaining walls, and making the road into the site more accessible.

-Concrete works contractor The concrete contractor will oversee the final design and construction of the foundation support columns of the building.

This contractor will likely be a sub-contractor to the main contractor appointed by the client or architect.

-Steel works contractor The steel works contractor will be another subcontractor whose responsibilities will likely to cover expertise design in conjunction with architects and engineers for the off-site fabrication of the steel roof members, testing for structural qualities of the product before transportation of the roof to the site and finally assemblage of the roof on site.

35

BUILDING DELIVERY

2.9 THE ROLES OF THE CDM OFFICER The Construction Design and Management Regulations (commonly known as the CDM Regulations) were introduced to make it easier for the different parties involved in construction projects to comply with health and safety duties. The regulations place duties on clients, designers and contractors to ensure the safety of construction workers and also the public that comes across the site. The person who’s in charge of overseeing this regulation is the CDM coordinator.

A CDM Co-ordinator, is appointed by the client if a project lasts more than 30 days or involves more than 500 person days of work.1 Their main responsibilities include: -Coordinating the arrangements for health and safety during the planning phase -Ensuring that HSE is notified of the project -Preparing a health and safety report (to enable future cleaning, maintenance and alterations to be carried out safely) Before the architect hands the project over to contractors, he/she should identify the possible risks that might be involved and if possible eliminate the risks through altering design or changing construction process. If the risks couldn’t be designed out, then it is the architects responsibility to inform the contractor or future users of the risks that might occur. During the construction of the alternative centre, the following risks could occur and the designer should inform the following details to contractor: FALLS AND TRIPS Falls and trips is a major hazard in every construction site and it’s currently the main cause of fatalities occurring on building sites. Falling from height is still a major risk factor, which is why concerns such as the safety of scaffolding, walkways, use of ladders and mobile lifting platforms etc. is still of such importance. Areas which have been excavated, untidy sites where building materials have been left out where people can trip over them, and the removal of waste have all contributed to slips and trips which can result in serious injury and, in some cases, far worse.2 TOXIC MATERIALS The use of toxic materials in construction can be a major health hazard, not just to the construction workers, but also to future inhabitants of the building.

FIRE RISKS Fire risks are a major concern on construction sites and there should be a proper provision for fire prevention, what to do in the event of a fire and any storage and use of hazardous or flammable materials must also be taken into consideration.

NOISE Noise can be excessive with all the various machinery in operation but site managers can often reduce this by sequencing the order of machinery operations to minimise the number of workers exposed to simultaneous noise and proper ear defenders in the form of ear muffs or plugs must be worn.

Source: ABP annual report, 2008 1 http://www.cdm-regulations-uk.co.uk/ 2 http://www.workplacesafetyadvice.co.uk/construction-site-safety.html

36

BUILDING DELIVERY

2.10 THE ROLES OF SPECIALISED CONSULTANTS AND ENGINEERS Building delivery often involves teams of specialised consultants, who have the expertise and necessary skills to solve design problems and solution in conjunction with the architect. To design and deliver the alternative treatment centre, the architect will work with the following specialised consultants: Environmental Engineers To comply to BREAM standards and to archive the high level of environmental sustainability, environmental engineers would play a critical role by advising on the most efficient and natural energy solutions, such as solar and wind energies systems, natural ventilation, rain water harvest.

Lift Engineers This specific technician would collaborate with architects and structural engineers to deliver a mechanical method of access and circulation between the ground floor and the lower ground floor.

Acoustic Engineers Acoustic engineers would mainly be advising on the design team on how to insulate and protect against low flying aircraft noise, which comes from City airport in close approximation of the site.

Lighting Engineers Having a balanced mix of natural and mechanical light source will be important in a health related environment, some areas of the alternative treatment centre would require a soft, dimly lit environment, and other brightly lit space for meeting and congregation, the role of the lighting consultant would come into play under those circumstances.

M&E Engineers M&E engineers would play a important role in the designing process for the treatment centre in regard to the design of the complex system of drainage pipes, water tanks, boilers, pumps, filters of rain water.

Fire Consultant Fire consultant would help the architect to work out a good emergency evacuation strategy, and fire related building regulations.

Structural Engineer The structural engineer would be in constant dialogue with the architect to ensure the structural integrity of the building, they will make detailed calculations and advising the architect in regard to the supporting columns for the LG, the dead/live loads of the LG and roof, and the design of the steel roof supporting structure.

Landscape Architect The role of the landscape architect would have a wide consequence across the site. It’s important to determine the type of plantation best suited around the alternative treatment centre, and also across the site, the landscape architect would also be responsible for the creation of the irrigation canals on the site, and the creation of the marsh/Wetland for wild and migratory birds.

1. Environmental Engineers 2. Lift Engineers 3. Acoustic Engineers 4. Lighting Engineers 5. M&E Engineers 6. Fire Officer 7. Structural Engineer 8. Landscape Architect 9. CDM officer

37

BUILDING DELIVERY

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

8

9 specialised conultants and engineers

38

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SCHEME OVERVIEW

4

5

9 2

SCHEME OVERVIEW

3

3.0 BUILDING FORM AND SYSTEMS 3.1Scheme Overview, 1:1000 Snapshot of the alternative treatment centre and horticultural club in 2030.

1.

The drawing on this and previous page illustrates the vision and objective of the horticultural club and alternative centre as it was set out in 2011.

It envisions the site by 2030 would be transformed into a horticultural ‘utopia’, where garden and allotments would grow sufficient food and vegetable to support an entire ‘community’, At the heart of this community is the treatment centre, where people from all walks of life, come to enjoy and celebrate the alternative life style.

40

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

3.2.1 PLAN, GROUND FLOOR, SCALE, 1:200 The drawing opposite illustrates the makeup of Ground Floor, which is constructed from in-situ concrete casted above a metal tray deck. It indicates the lobby area in GF, which is the largest open area in the building, and location of the 4 natural water filters, which is also support columns for the roof the main column, also houses the lift core. It also highlights the 4 main entrances, making the GF very accessible for users and disabled users, the faceted grass slope which also double up as a secondary ramp access and a resting area for gardeners can connect the building with the landscape, therefore the building can be interpreted as part of the horticultural landscape.

1. Main entrance staircase 2. Faceted grass ramp 3. Disabled access ramp 4. Terrace 5. Main entrance 6. Lobby 7. Folding doors 8. Waiting area, cafe 9. Stairs to lower ground floor 10. Consultation room 11. Staff room 12. Lift 13. Natural water filtration system 14. Roof of shower cubicles 15. Treatment room platforms 16. Alternative treatment room 17. Emergency exit

41

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

A

16

15

14

13 13

5 1

13 6

10 12 2

B

B

7

- 8.5m 3 8 9 4

11 5 5

17

A

42

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

3.2.2 PLAN, LOWER GROUND FLOOR, SCALE, 1:200 The Lower Ground Floor plan indicates the changing rooms, toilets and natural water cubicles of the alternative treatment centre. The drawing highlights the modular makeup of the floor plan which is constructed from ISO shipping containers. In the centre of the plan is the circulation core between the ground floor and lower ground floor, and here it’s constructed from concrete rather than container boxes. Also at the lower end of the plan is the emergency escape corridor, which also houses storage tanks of methane collected from Beckton sewage works, this emergency exit takes users up to the entrance on the ground floor.

1. Staircase to LG 2. Entrance to Male changing room 3. Entrance to Female changing room 4. Toilet area 5. Toilet cubicles 6. Changing cubicles 7. Lifts 8. Lockers 9. Unisex steam room 10. Natural water shower cubicles 11. To 12. Path to alternative treatment area 13. LG emergency exit 14. Emergency escape corridoor/ Methane gas tank holder 15. Methane gas storage tanks 16. Emergenct stair to GF 17. Alternative treatment room

43

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

A

17

11

10 12 - 3.75m 9

10

8

6

7 B

B - 3.0 m

1

2

6

3

- 8.5m

- 3.75m

4

5 13

she

15

et p

iled

reta

inin

gw

14

16

A

44

all

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

3.2.3 PLAN, ROOF LEVEL, SCALE, 1:200 The plan opposite illustrates the makeup of the roof of the treatment centre. This is constructed from transparent ETFE panels, this allows light to penetrate to the wooden cladding underneath, on the bottom side of the roof. The wooden panels are clad in a irregular pattern, and the density decreases as the cladding gets closer to the centre of the building, this is to allow light to penetrate into the lobby area which the terraces and faceted slope on the outside is shaded.

1. Main entrance staircase 2. Disabled access ramp 3. Faceted grass ramp 4. Terrace 5. Faceted grass ramp 6. Lift core cover 7. Natural water filtration system 8. Natural water filtration system 9. Roof frame brace 10. ETFE cover 11. Timber cladding 12. Secondary rain water storage tank 13. Path to alternative treatment room 14. Alternative treatment room 15. Canal basin 16. Shower cubicles

45

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

A

14

+6.5m 7 13

7 16

1 7

B

B

6

3

8

9

2

12

+1.75m

- 8.5m 15

4

11

10 + - 0.0 m

5

A

46

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

3.2.4 SECTION AA, SCALE, 1:200 The drawing below illustrates the vertical makeup of the alternative treatment centre, in a Norht to South direction. The building is situated in a canal basin, the drawings shows the high tide and low tide low of the canal, which is conncted to the tidal River Roding. The structure is supported by re-enforced concrete foundation piles, resting on these piles are the container boxes, which are joined together to make up the shower, changing and toilet area of the lower ground floor. The steel roof members are connected to these container boxes and in the centre is the circulation core, which is constructed from concrete and contains the lift and staircase. The drawing also shows a section of the emergency exit from the lower ground floor, and the methane storage tanks. The drawing also highlights the relationship of the alternative centre and the treatment rooms, which are located scattered amongst the horticultural landscape, a series of raised platforms connect the building to theses treatment rooms.

1. Lobby 2. Unfiltered water storage tanks 3. Lift core 4. Circulation core 5. Toilets 6. Lockers 7. Shower cubicles 8. Natural water filtration system 9. Roof 10. Emergency lower ground floor exit 11. Treatment room path 12. Treatment rooms 13. Horticultural gardens/ allotments 14. Canal basin 15. Reinforced concrete columns

47

a1

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

3.2.5 SECTION AB, SCALE, 1:200 Section AB shows the vertical makeup of the building in the West to East direction. It shows how the roof is both providing shade to the faceted grass ramp, and also providing natural light into the building. The secondary water tanks suspended from the roof act as water filters, breaking up the sun light penetrating through the wooden cladding. Contained inside the core is one of the natural water filters, and the different natural filtration compartments are clearly visible, rain water is collected from roof run off, and slowly passes through these different compartments, which contains, various types of sands, gravels, and organic filter compounds. Above the consultation roof is the untreated water storage tank, which provides water for unbodily function purposes such as flushing the toilet, washing and cooling (chill beams).

1. Lobby 2. Natural water filtration system 3. Circulation core 4. Changing area 5. Consultation rooms 6. Unfiltered water storage tanks 7. Unfiltered water drainage 8. Main access staircase 9. Canal basin 10. Treatment rooms 11. Horticultural gardens/ allotments 12. Path to alternative treatment area 13. Faceted grass ramp

49

a1

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

3.3 TRANSITION DIAGRAMS OF USER THROUGH THE BUILDING The building provides adequate signage to indicate where the facilities are located inside the building.

A typical user’s route through the building is illustrated on the opposite drawings:

a-b

Patient enters the building through the main access point a, and the first point of arrival inside is the reception area in the lobby, where they register with the staff upon their arrival.

b-c

After registration with reception, the patient awaits for the consultation with the physician in the patient’s waiting area located in the main lobby area. In here there’s also a small cafeteria, where patients can order simple salad dishes using salads grown in the horticultural club.

c-d

When the physician is ready to see the patient, the patient is informed to enter the consultation room. The physicians will then conduct a consultation session with the patient in area D.

d-e

The physician recommend the most suitable alternative treatment, and after leaving the consultation room, the patient proceeds to the changing area located in the Lower Ground floor which is accessible via the lift, (point e), or staircase, (point f.)

f-g-h

Once arriving on the lower ground floor, the building is separated into male and female areas, g, g1.

h-j

Changing cubicles are located along points J/J1

j-k

There are also toilet facilities and disabled toilet in points k, k1

l-m

Lockers are located in points l, l1

m-n

Then they proceed to the natural water shower cubicles in points n, n1

n-o

After which the patient continues on to the alternative treatment rooms located amongst the gardens via raised platforms, point o.

Opposite: user circulation around the alternative treatment centre,

51

GENREAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS

n1

o

n m

l1 l F

M

h1

h

g1 g

j

j1 k1 k

b

a d e

f

c

a.1

d

a.2

52

STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES

3.4 STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES The primary structural strategy is to utilise ISO sea containers as the main structural component, they will provide strong structural integrity to the building, and will carry both dead and live loads. These simple, yet incredibly strong transport vessels can be easily adapted to become modular building elements. A standard ISO 20 foot shipping container weights 2.4 metric tons, and it can support a load of 24 tons, and can be stacked 8 folds. Taking this immense strength to advantage, the building will be using 33 various sizes of ISO container, this give bearing capacity of carrying a dead load of 80 metric tons. There are various important factors that contributed to the idea of using sea containers, these include: AVALIBILITY Surrounding the site are dotted with industrial estates, warehouses and docks, and the abundance of abandoned shipping containers means the chances of warehouses owners wanting to get rid of them to save storage space are probably high. Economically, they are also relative cheap in comparison to other building materials, a second hand ISO 40’ costs $1500 or less,1 STABILITY As mentioned, the strength of a container is unparalleled, however, it’s also extremely stable, besides being able to take loads many times that of its own, the steel frame system provides high level of rigidity, which is essential when these containers are moved across the world on cargo ships, they have to withstand both tension and compression, created from the rolling and movements of the ships.

FLEXIBILITY A shipping container can be used as a single module, or they can be combined to form a limitless amount of shapes and sizes as the designer is required. This makes containers very flexible building elements, much like bricks. The steel walls of the exterior can be easily removed, and left with the frame, which can be joined and stacked with other container frames to create bigger, wider spaces.

1 P.09, container atlas, a guide to container architecture.

53

Structural precedant’s key: 1. Container converted cafe 2. Speybank, Luc Deleu 3. Puma city container store, Lot- EK 4. Eichbaumoper, Rauml Aborberlin 5. Future shack, Sean Godsell 6. Container city, Nicholas Lacey 7. Freitag Store, Spillmann Echsle

STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

54

STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES

3.4.1 STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES LOAD BEARING FORCES DIAGRAM

The main dead load of the building will be the steel roof structure which supports the ETFE skin above and wooden cladding underneath. The weight of the roof is transferred to the shipping containers via the vertical support elements, which is fixed to a steel frame above the containers. This steel frame covers and also sits on the containers. The containers itself are supported by a series of reinforced concrete columns located strategically at every load bearing point (4 corners) of the containers, and it’s fixed by twist locks as used on cargo ships. The reinforced concrete columns will transfer the load of the roof and the containers to the pile foundations which are set 20 meters below bottom of the canal basin.

RING BRACING

LATERAL COLUMN BRACING

RING BRACING

VERTICLE LOAD. SNOW + RAIN WATER COLLECTION

HORIZONTAL LOAD WIND

HORIZONTAL LOAD WIND

COMPRESSION

TENSION

Opposite: the main structural makeup of the alternative treatment centre:

55

STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES

ROOF STRUCTUREAL BRACING/TIE

ROOF STRUCTUREAL COLUMNS & BEAMS

SHOWER CUBICLE FRAME No.2

STEEL FRAME No.2

ISO SEA CONTAINER MODULES

STEEL FRAME No.1

REINFORCED CONCRETE PILE FOUNDATIONS

56

ACCESS & CIRCULATION

3.5 SITEWIDE ACCESS & CIRCULATION The main points of arrival to the horticultural club are:

BY BOAT FROM RIVER ROADING The alternative treatment centre and horticultural club takes advantage the fact it’s located on the water front next to River Roading, and its close approximation to River Thames via the Beckton flood defence gate.

Users coming from across the River Roading from the North and Eastern areas would be encouraged to use boat services set up by the horticultural club.

VEHECULAR ACCESS ALONG MAIN ACCESS ROAD There is currently a slip road that runs along the whole western length of the site, this road would be used to become the main access road to the alternative treatment centre and horticultural club where motorised vehicular are needed.

Opposite: the drawing illustrates the main access points into the alternative treatment centre, also it shows the major circulation routes around the horticultural club, which is via a series of canals, criss crossing the landscape.

57

ACCESS & CIRCULATION

C

B

C

A

B

A

58

ACCESS & CIRCULATION

3.5.1 ACCESS & CIRCULATION In accordance to the Approved Building Regulations Document, part M, the alternative treatment centre provides: -ACCESS INTO BUILDING OTHER THAN DEWLLINGS The building have 3 main access points, all with levelled approach and clear access routes that are well signposted and lit and exceed the minimum requirement of 1.5m in width.

The building provide 20 car parking bays, which includes the 2400 X 4800mm required standarad dimensions and 3600mm X 4800mm required by disabled users. There are also sufficient spaces in front and behind the parking bay where users can access front and rear of their vehicle.

The building has a ramped access at a gradient of 1:20. The total length of the ramp is at 14 meters, with a 2.5m break in between and 1.5m of clear landing at the base and top of the ramp, there are also handrails in each side for support if needed.

The stair access have a clear landing at the head and foot of the stairs that exceed the minimum of 1.2m, the surface of the staircase is slip-resistant and contain suitable nosing profile that are contrasting in colours, and balustrade at each side are set at 900mm above nosing.

The main access doors have a width of 1600mm, (made up of 2 800mm leaves) which complies with the approved document’s requirement of 1000mm for new buildings, and internal doorways have a clear opening width of 800mm where the approach is straight on, and 825 where the approach is at an angle to access route.

-HORIZONTAL & VERTICLE CRICULATION AROUND BUILDINGS The minimum width of corridors inside has a clear width of 1200mm which complies with the regulations, with passing places at 1800mm at intervals.

Lift access that can easily accommodate wheelchair users, with handrails set at 900mm high at one side of the lift.

-SANITARY ACCOMODATIONS INSIDE BUILDINGS The building provide sanitary accommodations for both regular users and disabled users, at lower ground level. The disabled toilets have clear opening width that allow clearance of wheel chair users and internally it’s installed with the appropriate support equipment and fixtures.

Opposite: the four main access points into the treatment centre 59

ACCESS & CIRCULATION

Towards Beckton bled Five disa

parking

rovided

spaces p

darad 2

20 stan

Alternative ramp access, which double up as a resting slope for gardeners, as the roof above provide shade from the sun, and as a shelter from the rain.

Main access road to alternative centre

Access No. 1: 1:20 ramped acccess for disabled users. One of the main access points for the disabled user is a L shaped ramp

1

ed

re provid

g bays a

parkin .4x4.8m

3

2

60

FIRE STRATEGIES

3.6 FIRE STRATEGIES & MEANS OF ESCAPE To comply with Approved Building Regulations Document, part B, volume 2, building other than dwellings. The alternative treatment centre provides adequate protection from fire and safe routes of escape out of the building in case of fire, all the escape routes have a minimum of 800mm clearance in width and headroom of 2000mm as to accommodate wheel chair users. All the emergency exits are clearly sign posted.

-Fire doors All the doors are fire rated to hold back fire spread to provide enough time for occupants to escape. These doors are self-closing, so during a fire, they will automatically close to prevent the spread of fire throughout the building.

-Smoke detectors and sprinkler system Installed along corridors and consultation rooms are smoke detectors which will trigger the fire alarm if smoke is detected. The alarm can also be manually triggered throughout the building at various alarm points, which is connected to the sprinkler system, and will be activated when the alarm is triggered. The sprinkler will use water collected in the natural water filters. Additional handheld fire extinguishers are also installed at various points inside the building.

-Fire escape routes It is estimated that no more than 50 people max. could occupy the building at any one time, the 3 main escape points and along with the emergency escape route at lower level should provide adequate means of escape at a consistent flow rate that should allow all the users to exit the building in time. The approved document suggests the distances of escaping routes should be no more than 45m if one or more fire route is provided, the building escaping distances are as follows:

a-b a-c b-c e-b d-b d-g f-e

37.7 meters, or 20.2 via point c 26meters 8 meters 23.5 meters 31.6 meters 31.7 meters 30.6 meters

-Structure The majority of the steel used for the construction are coated with a layer of intumescent paint. The concrete supporting column have inherently good fire resistant properties.

-External fire spread The building is set above a body of water and with no adjacent building next to the treatment centre; the risk of external fire spread is low.

-Fire services Fire engines can be accommodated on the car parking area outside the building, and water used to combat the fire can be pumped from the canal the building is situated on.

61

FIRE STRATEGIES

g

LOWER GROUND FLOOR ESCAPE POINTS & ROUTES OF ESCAPE

f

d e

GROUND FLOOR ESCAPE POINTS AND ROUTES TO ASSEMBLY POINT

a

FIRE ENGINE

R

c

b

FIRE ENGINE

62

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.0 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION The construction of the alternative treatment centre consists of 7 different elements, which makes up the overall building envelope, these include: -Concrete and steel foundations that elevate the building from the canal basin.

-ISO modular shipping containers, joined together to form the lower ground level. The skin of the containers is left as they are to express the industrial language of these vessels, but the inside of the containers are insulated with sprayed foam.

-Steel roof and supporting columns are connected and fixed to the container boxes. The containers will act as structural support. The supporting columns are clad in ply-wood and insulated on the inside to make it water tight as the inside of the columns are exposed to the elements.

-In-situ concrete floor is constructed over the steel frame fixed above the container boxes.

-External timber cladding for the ground floor. The cladding is connected to the secondary supporting columns to the roof.

-Timber cladding for the underside of the roof, these timber cladding have an irregular opening between them, which is used to control the amount of natural light into the building.

-ETFE cladding on top of the roof will allow natural light to penetrate the building, but at the same a surface where rain water can be collected.

Isometric of the major construction elements of the alternative treatment centre

63

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

High strength steel bracing

Timber Cladding

Steel supporting columns Roof to consultaion room

TSteel frame

Secondary steel supporting columns

Steel ISO shipping containers

Steel frame

Reinforced concrete supporting piling

64

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.1 IMPACT OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND BUILDNG LIFE CYCLES It is important that the environmental impact of the construction materials have been carefully considered by the design team, and if possible, select materials that can be sourced locally and contains a low carbon foot print.

Furthermore, in accordance to approved building regulations document, part D, the materials used for the cavity walls of the alternative centre are all in compliance to the requirements, in regard to the spread of fumes created by urea formaldehyde foam.

The following issues should be considered by the design team in regard to the selection of construction materials: -Steel Steel contain high levels of embodied energy, which comes from the manufacturing processes in smelting plants, it is one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gases, and the extraction process also uses high level of energy. During construction, steel has more volatile organic compound (VOC) and heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Mn) emissions due to the painting, torch cutting, and welding of the steel members,1 The decision to reuse the shipping containers is a direct response to tackle this problem, by recycling this transportation vessels, the building reduces the amount of steel needed both in manufacturing and construction.

-Concrete Along with steel, the production of concrete is high polluted, and because concrete cannot be recycled, the building limits the use of concrete only in floor slabs and foundation supporting columns, which uses fly-ash base concrete rather than the standard Portland cement-based concrete. Fly ash is a by-product resulted from common coal combustion processes; it works in tandem with cement in the production of concrete products. The tiny fly ash particles fill microscopic spaces in the concrete better than Portland based cement, and less water is required; concrete using fly ash is denser and more durable.

And fly ash reacts chemically with lime that is given off by cement hydration, creating more of the glue that holds concrete together. That makes concrete containing fly ash stronger over time than concrete made only with cement. Using fly ash concrete is also a cost-effective resource. When fly ash is added to concrete, the amount of cement that is necessary can be reduced.2 -Timber Deforestation is a major environmental problem, the increase of greenhouse gases is said to be associated with decreasing amount of forested areas across the globe. To reduce the rate of deforestation, all the timber used in the building are sourced from a managed forests, and are certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).

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1 http://ascelibrary.org/iso/resource/1/jitse4/v11/i2/p93_s1?isAuthorized=no 2 http://www.flyash.com/flyashenvironment.asp

1. FSC certified timber and well managed forests 2. Fly ash concrete 3. Recycling containers

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

1

2

3

Environmental impact of building materials

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CONSTRUCTION METHOD

4.2 SOLAR GAIN & DAYLIGHTING The treatment centre is situated at an exposed location, and with no adjacent buildings, the centre is exposed to the maximum amount of solar exposure across the daylight period. However, this is utilised to provide maximum amount of natural light throughout the building during daylight hours, this helps to reduce the consumption of energy during daytime.

7am

8am

9am

10am

11am 5pm

12am

4pm 3pm

2pm

1pm

The drawing on the opposite page indicates the irregular cladding to the underside of the roof, which is designed to allow light to penetrate the interior while giving shade to the exterior.

67

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

rac

ref tion

n

io

ct

fle

re

ETFE roof cover Timber underside roof cladding Roof structure bracing

68

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.3 BUILDING ENVOLOPE DETAILED SECTION 1:50 This overview detailed section indicates the envelope of the building between the lower ground floor and ground floor. It highlights the constriction makeup of the containers and the floor makeup of the ground floor level and the interstitial floor in-between GF and LG. It also reveals the building’s relationship to the retaining wall of the canal basin, and terrace area outside ground level and the ramped access to the terrace.

Section at 1:50

69

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR DISABLED ACCESS RAMP

EXTERNAL CLADDING

TIMBER TERRACE DECKING

INSULATED WALL

INTERSTITIAL FLOOR

INTERNAL PLASTERBOARD WALL

DETAIL 3

+1.26m

DETAIL 1

DETAIL 2

FFL

CHANGING CUBICLE

CONTAINER INTERIOR

CONTAINER INTERIOR

-2.55m FFL

SHEET PILE CAPPING

ISO CONTAINER BUILDING MODULES

STEEL BOX COLUMN

-5.0m

HIGH TIDE LEVEL

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN

SHEET PILE RETAINNING WALL TO CANAL BASIN

-9.8m LOW TIDE LEVEL

-11.16m BOTTOM OF BASIN

70

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.4.1 WATER INGRESS, DETAILED SECTION, 1:10 The opposite drawing highlights the water proofing elements of the grounf floor level, at the junction of the terrace and the lobby area.

The make up of the GF external wall, as follows: -25mm plywood for external cladding, fixed to horizontal wooden batton.

-50mm cavity wall -Breather membrane -9mm sheathing board -140mm rock wool insulation -25mm stud wall -35mm insulated wall board -12mm plater board

The make up of the GF floor structure, as follows: Internal: -150mm raised access floor tiles -220mm floor cavity with insulation -300mm concrete on metal tray floor deck External -25mm non-slip timber decking -Battons -Water proof roof membrane laid to 1째 fall -18mm plywood laid to 1째 fall on 50mm firrings -DPC (damp proof course) -300mm conrete on metal tray floor deck

Detailed Section at 1:10

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

BREATHER MEMBRANE

SHEATHING BOARD

BATTON

PLYWOOD CLADDING

150mm INSULATION

35mm INSULATED WALL BOARD

12mm PLASTER BOARD

CAVITY TRAY

WATER REPELLENT PROFILE SKIRTING BOARD WATER PROOF MEMBRANE

SEAL

TERRACE TIMBER DECKING WATER REPELLENT ROOF MEMBRANE

+1.26m

FFL

DAMP PROOF COURSE

SUPPORT ANGLE FIXED TO WALL SUSPENDED FLOOR

+1.26m

FFL

72

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.4.2 INTERSTITIAL CONDESATION, DETAILED SECTION, 1:10 The opposite drawing highlights the situation between two container boxes, which is exposed to the elements. The container boxes are inherently sealed against the elements, as they needed to be water tight to carry goods across the globe on ships. However, they are often associated with condensation problems, caused by the difference in temperature internally and externally and atmospheric pressure, this causes water or dampness to occur inside and can lead to rust of the steel shell. To combat the problem of condensation, the container boxes are coated with a layer of anti-condensation paint on the inside of the steel shell.

The envolope makeup of the converted containers: Walls: -5mm steel shell of the container -Anti-condensation paint -75mm of closed cell Polyurethane foam, (sprayed) -Steel C channel joists for plaster board support -12mm plaster board Floors: -5mm steel shell of the container -Anti-condensation paint -100mm of closed cell Polyurethane foam, (sprayed) -Steel joists for floor board support -28mm floor board Ceiling -5mm steel shell of the container -Anti-condensation paint -100mm of closed cell Polyurethane foam, (sprayed) -Steel C channel joists -12mm plasterboard

Detailed Section at 1:10

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

+1.26m

FFL

TERRACE DECKING

300mm CONCRETE FLOOR

305 x 160mm STEEL BEAM

PROFILED STEEL TRAY

PIPE FIXTURE TO UNDERSIDE OF STEEL BEAM

SERVICES TUNNEL

CONNECTION PLATE

PIPE WORK

STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME ISO CONTAINER TWIST LOCK POINT/ FIXTURE POINT TO STEEL FRAME ABOVVE

ISO CONTAINER STEEL COVER ANTI-CONDENSATION PAINT COVER INNER LAYER OF STEEL CONTAINER SHEEL

STEEL C CHANEL PLASTERBOARD FIXING

12mm PLASTER BOARD

100mm SPRAYED CLOSED-CELL POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION

75mm SPRAYED CLOSED-CELL POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION CONTAINER INTERIOR

PARTITION FOR PIPE WORK

CONTAINER INTERIOR

12mm PLASTER BOARD

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.4.3 THERMAL INSULATION, DETAILED SECTION, 1:10 Some of the container boxes are joiner together, unlike the previous situation, the internal walls will in this instance span across the two containers, the drawing opposite illustrates the details of the joining and the thermal insulation strategy.

As mentioned previously, the containers are insulated on the inside to retain its overall industrial look on the exterior. There are varieties of different insulation that can be used to insulate the container boxes, such as traditional rock wool, but the disadvantage of traditional materials are that they are quite thick to give good insulation properties, and the container boxes do not allow for that much of insulation space to play with. Therefore, the building uses sprayed polyurethane foam insulation instead, this type of insulation sticks to the steel wall itself, and the density of the material means it has much better insulation properties. It comes in a closed or open cell format; the building uses a close cell version as it has the best U-value ratings. The makeup of the converted containers: Walls: -5mm steel shell of the container -Anti-condensation paint -75mm of closed cell Polyurethane foam, (sprayed) -Steel C channel joists for plaster board support -12mm plaster board Floors: -5mm steel shell of the container -Anti-condensation paint -100mm of closed cell Polyurethane foam, (sprayed) -Steel joists for floor board support -28mm floor board Ceiling -5mm steel shell of the container -Anti-condensation paint -100mm of closed cell Polyurethane foam, (sprayed) -Steel C channel joists -12mm plasterboard

Detailed Section at 1:10

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

TERRACE DECKING

+1.26m

300mm CONCRETE FLOOR

FFL

PROFILED STEEL TRAY

SERVICES TUNNEL

PARTITION TOP COVER 305 x 160mm STEEL BEAM

ISO CONTAINER TWIST LOCK POINT/ FIXTURE POINT TO BOX STEEL FRAME ABOVE

ISO CONTAINER STEEL COVER

ANTI-CONDENSATION PAINT COVER INNER LAYER OF STEEL CONTAINER SHEEL BOX STEEL FRAME SECTION

STEEL C CHANEL PLASTERBOARD FIXING

12mm PLASTER BOARD

CONTAINER PLACEMENT GUIDE PLATE

100 mm SPRAYED CLOSED-CELL POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION

STEEL SECTION WELDED TO TOP EDGE OF CONTAINER

CHANGING CUBICLE

CONTAINER INTERIOR

76

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.5 INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD STRATEGIES Furthermore to the fire strategy and means of escape explored in section 3.6 of this report, approved building regulations document, part B2, also requires the internal wall linings and surface finishes to be able to withstand the spread of flame in cases of fire.

location

national class

european class

small rooms, area not more than:

3

D-s3, d2

other rooms

1

C-s3, d2

circulation spaces within dwellings

1

C-s3, d2

other circulation spaces

0

B-s3, d2

a. 4m2 in residential accomodation b. 30m2 in non-residential acomodation

The table shows the different classes of wall lining that are required. By looking at the table, the centre the centre will have the following wall lining ratings: -Providing fire rating 3 lining to consultation rooms and changing cubicles and toilets area at lower ground floor area -All circulations spaces and stairwell cores have lining with rating of 0.

Fire compartments

Fire compartments are provided to as a means of sub-diving the building internally into different areas as to further prevent the spread of fire throughout the building.

In the alternative treatment centre, there are two fire compartments, one is located within the stair core and another is located at the emergency exit from the lower ground floor area.

Opposite: Internal fire spread diagrams 1. Lower ground floor changing cubicles and toilet area 2.Lower ground floor circulation core 3.Ground floor lobby and consultation rooms 4. Lower ground floor emergency fire escape

77

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Lining with fire rating of 0

1

2

v

v

Lining with fire rating of 0 with fire rating of 0 Lining

Lining with fire rating of 3

d

e

Lining with fire rating of 3

Lining with fire rating of 0

Lining with fire rating of 3

Lining with fire rating of 3

d LOWER GROUND FLOOR ESCAPE POINTS & ROUTES OF ESCAPE

Lining with fire rating of 3

d

e

Lining with fire rating of 3

e

Lining with fire rating of 0

Lining with fire rating of 0

LOWER GROUND FLO & ROUTES OF ESCAP

Lining with fire rating of 3

Lining with fire rating of 0

3

c

LOWER GR & ROUTES

b

4

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

4.6 BUILDING MAINTAINANCE STRATEGIES Most areas inside the treatment centre are easily accessible for maintenance and repair works, the most difficult area to gain access into is the roof, which has to be accessed via a step ladder above the life core. Other maintenance strategies include: - Raised access floor of the ground floor can be easily removed tile by tile as to gain access to the interstitial area, which houses all the electrical, mechanical and drainage services.

- Natural water filter need to be maintained once in a while and maintenance worker can gain access to this area via compartment opening at the bottom of the filter, or alternatively, there are step ladders fixed to the outside of each of the filter columns, which mean the top area of water tank can be accessed via the roof, for roof access, see above.

- If repair work need to be carried out on the concrete foundation support columns or the underside of the container boxes, access is via the canal basin on a boat during high tide.

- Cleaning of glazing and external cladding on the southern and western side of the building can be achieved from a cherry picker.

79

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Roof access step ladder

Maintainance access hatch

80

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

5.0 BUILDING PERFORMANCE 5.1 ENERGY STRATEGIES.

As the name suggests, the alternative treatment centre will seek to gather as much alternative energy from environmentally sustainable or renewable sources as possible.

One of the major reasons to locate the centre at this current site is to utilise the unique source of energy that is present adjacent to the site, which comes from the Beckton sewerage plant.

Every day millions of Londoner’s wastes are processed at the Beckton sewerage plant, the raw sewerage, left at the settling tanks to be anaerobically digested, produces methane as a by-product of this natural breaking down process of waste. The amount of methane these settling tanks produces is significant, and is a major source of energy that can and should be tapped. Currently Thames Water, which operates the treatment plant, recycles the dried sludge, which is the residue created at the bottom of the settling tanks, it is then burned to produce energy, the embodied methane trapped inside the dried sludge is extremely concentrated, and highly combustible. The centre takes advantage of this alternative source of energy, and will utilise the dried sludge to generate energy to power the building. Furthermore, there is currently another source of energy which the plant is not capturing, which is the methane given off during the anaerobic process, at the top of the settling tanks, the vast amount of methane are left to escape into the atmosphere, which causes more greenhouse gases. The treatment centre will work in conjunction with the sewerage treatment plant, and develop a methane capture system that taps the methane given off by the settling tanks, and directly transfer the gas to a storage tank located next to the building, where it can be used to power generators.

Right: The diagram on the opposite page indicates the drainage and rain and grey water recycle strategies the alternative treatment centre employs.

Left: Sewerage plants, a major source of energy, which the alternative treatment centre will take advantage of.

81

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

BLOWER

WARM ANTI-FREEZE IN

GENERATOR

TURNING METHANE CAPTURED FROM THE SEWERAGE PLANT INTO HEAT ENERGY

EXPANSION DEVICE

PRIMARY HEAT EXCHANGER

SECONDARY HEAT EXCHANGER

HOT REFRIGERANT OUT

METHANE CAPTURED FROM SEWERAGE PLANT

DESUPER HEATER COMPRESSOR

HOT WATER HEATER

REVERSING VALVE

COOLER ANTI-FREEZE OUT

82

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

5.2 RAIN WATER DRAINAGE AND HARVEST SYSTEM Reusing Rainfall As one of the main focal points of the design process, the capturing and reusing of rain water is essential in the alternative treatment centre. It is central to the ethos of the design, using an alternative water supply system. The roof of the centre is designed enlarged to capture and provide at least 25% of the annual water usage of the building, at the same time, a series of natural water filtration system would process the harvested rain water, where it can be enjoyed by the users in the natural water shower cubicles.

The first step was to look at the monthly rainfall across the city of London, and at the same time estimate how much water the building would need, (approx. 150 litres per person per day), then designing a surface area that would be needed to catch the relative amount of water in conjunction with the size of the roof, and the varies percentages the roof would provide across the months. (see table below)

Reed bed/filter plants Month

Water body

Small crestanoues Fiber filter mesh

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall In meters

0.06m 0.04m 0.05m 0.046m 0.056m 0.056m 0.048m 0.05m 0.06m 0.07m 0.06m 0.07m

Water needed each month, in litres

232,500 210,000 232,500 225,000 232,500 225,000 232,500 232,500 225,000 232,500 225,000 232,500

1000 square meters of roof area would catch: in cubic meters

60m³ 40m³ 50m³ 46m³ 56m³ 56m³ 48m³ 50m³ 50m³ 70m³ 60m³ 70m³

Percentage of water it would provide

26% 23.8% 21.5% 19.7% 24% 25% 20.6% 21.5% 21.5% 30.1% 26.6% 30.1%

290.4 / 12= 24.2%

Gravel Fine fiber filter mesh Sand Fine fiber filter mesh

Roof development calculations: The water catcher roof is designed to supply up to 25% of annual water usage of the building.

The first step was to look at the monthly rainfall across the city of London, and at the same time estimate how much water the building would need, ( approx. 150 litres per person per day), then designing a surface area that would be needed to catch the relative amount of water in conjunction with the size of the roof, and the varies percentages the roof would provide across the months.

Silver activated carbon Fine fiber filter mesh Calcium Fine fiber filter mesh Silver activated carbon Fine fiber filter mesh Tourmaline Fine fiber filter mesh

The diagram on the opposite page indicates the rain water drainage and harvest system, and how the captured rain water can be filtered by natural means.

83

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

TOILET FLUSHED WITH HARVESTED WATER

TOILET FLUSHED WITH HARVESTED WATER

NATURAL WATER SHOWER SYSTEM

RAIN WATER WASTE WATER, GREY WATER WASTE WATER, BLACK WATER BRACKISH WATER

84

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

5.2.1 RAIN WATER DRAINAGE AND HARVEST SYSTEM, contin.

The drawing below illustrates the dimensions of the roof, which equals to 1318m2.

Water catching surface

13

70

Drainage opening and natural filteration system

m

0m

m

0mm 2080

21 00 0m m

m 14100

m

0m

40

0 40

00

19500m

m

m

13000mm

m

m

00

40

m

m

00m

280

60

00

mm

m

27000mm

00m

142 17500mm TOTAL ROOF SURFACE AREA 1318m²

85

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

Drawing above illustrates the different compartments of the natural water filters. And how it locates inside the columns spacing. Water is captured on the ETFE skin roof, which is set at 1 degree fall, the water drains down on to the pond, and passes through a series of filtration materials, before it’s collected inside the tank and fed into the water supply system in the interstitial floor.

86

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

5.3 ACCOUSTICS To retain a peaceful environment within the alternative treatment centre, it is essential to provide adequate acoustics protection to spaces where noise levels are required to be kept at a minimum, The location of the building itself does not contain much inherent noise, as it’s far away from any main roads and it’s not in a populated urban area, and there are no other surrounding building in the vicinity of the building. However, London City Airport is less than 2km away and the building is situated just north of the approach and the flight path of the airport, therefore every so often there is a relatively loud noise passing the site, but the frequency of this occurrence are low and the duration of the noise is short. Consideration should be taking into account to give adequate protection from this noise levels, as sudden loud noises can become a source of irritant to the users. The architect will work in conjunction with an acoustics specialist team to resolve the problem of the occasional passing aircraft noise.

Within the building, the spaces that are protected from insulation include: Consultation rooms These private clinical rooms have acoustic insulation to prevent the passage of sound between each other, but also due to their close proximity to the lobby, which could experience noise when occupancy level are high, they’re also protected from noise levels coming from the lobby.

It is estimated that the rest of the building experiences very little noise, there are no major machinary operating inside the building, and the nature of the building function is low in noise, so areas on the lower ground relies on standard partition walls as acoustics insulation.

The diagram on the opposite page indicates the estimated noise level in the ground floor area. Most of the noise pollution would be coming from gardener gathering on the faceted ramp access, and the waiting area/ cafe in the lobby of the building.

87

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

1

- 8.5m

88

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

5.4 VENTILATION AND PASSIVE COOLING Utilising the exposed geographical location of the site, the building uses methods of passive ventilation to regulate the internal environment of the building, in particular, the lobby area and the consultation rooms.

Prevailing wind comes from a westerly direction. In the western facade of the building, the primary walls are constructed from folding doors, (see next page) this is designed specifically to utilising the prevailing wind, which exits from the columns.

The drawing on the opposite page indicates the folding doors above the faceted ramp access into the building, in the summer months, the doors are kept open, blurring the boundaries of inside and outside.

89

BUILDING PERFORMANCE

Hot air escaping from the columns

Cool prevailing wind from westerly direction, entering the treatment centrer via folding doors

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

‘building structures illustrated, patterns, systems, and design’

-F.D.K. CHING, B.S. ONOUYE, D. ZUBERBUHLER, John Wiley & Sons, 2009, Canada

‘Which contract? Choosing the appropreate building conctract’ 4th ed -H. CLAMP, S. COX, S. LUPTON, RIBA publishing, 2007, London

‘Container Atlas, a practical guide to container architecture’

-SLAWIK, BERGMANN, BUCHMEIER, TINNEY, Gestalten, 2010, Berlin

‘Architect’s working details, ed 4’

-S. DAWSON, architect’s journal, 1997, London

WEBSITES -http://www.architecture.com/- Role of the architect, planning, general design information -http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/- Planning regulations, building delivery -http://www.newham.gov.uk/- Newham council UDP, local planning regulations -http://www.lda.gov.uk/- Case studies of award winning environemetally sustainable designs -http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/- funding sources -http://living-places.org.uk/- community led funding and building information -http://www.nsalg.org.uk/- allotment legislations and regulations -http://www.legislation.gov.uk/- the small holdings and allotment act -http://www.cdm-regulations-uk.co.uk/- CDM regulations and information -http://www.breeam.org/- environmental regulations and information -http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/- environmental information for London -http://www.flyash.com/flyashenvironment.asp- low energy contrete construction - http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/- environmental strategies -http://www.building.co.uk/data/procurement-construction-management/3072705.article- pro curement strategies -http://www.davislangdon.com/EME/Research/ResearchFinder/ProcurementPublications/Pro curementConstructionManagement_Sept06/- procurement strategies

Studio Tutor: Izaskun Chinchilla Carlos Jimenez Techical Tutor: Richard Hyams:A Studio Architects Environmental Consultant: Tom Bentham: Max Fordham Structural Consultant: Andy: Price & Myers

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