Julian intrim portfoilio by julian huang

Unit Brief 2011-12 DARE TO CARE. Architecture taking care of vulnerable realities. “There are no small issues. Issues that appear small are large issues that are not understood.” Santiago RAMÓN Y CAJAL, Advices for a Young Investigator VULNERABILITY AS FRAMEWORK.

Image. Ron Mueck, Spooning Couple.

As a general condition affecting many parts of our world vulnerability could be viewed in many different ways. As part of a design program our perspective will focus on how the protection of vulnerable realities requires a change in design habits. International standards of design procedures are still having Modernity as a main conceptual and methodological framework. In this introduction, the definition of vulnerability will inevitably be linked to the evolution and influence of Modernity. We will first postulate Modernity has been an important source of vulnerability, extracting ideas from authors around “Risk Society” notions. But this production of vulnerability was not a part of Modernity’s set of goals. Therefore, while being a major cause, Modernity has not included vulnerability as a language, as a cultural principle or as a sensibility. Maybe only the technical rise of lighter materials and the use of previously considered weak techniques could suppose an attempt to face vulnerability as a main characteristic of the inhabitable world after Modernity. But this shy flirt with weakness did not mean Modernity could easily evolve to care for vulnerable realities. The first reason we will uphold for this is that in fact Modern traditions are still fighting for a first set of objectives that has never been fully achieved. The second reason is that Modernity is not only lacking anthropological and ecological clues on its route but includes logic and thought principles that are directly incompatible with those perspectives. Dare to Care, is a proposal to go beyond modern traditions on design and to face a new set of goals less “manifesto format” and more build up through others’ contributions and benefit achievements. Sources of vulnerability… We were told modernization aspired to improve the well fare state. Paradoxically, following several authors remarks, we could presume that what it has in fact produced is a rise of vulnerability. According, for example, to Giddens, since we have reached the 'End of Nature' and the 'End of Tradition', we are no longer in a time of 'External Risk' but now we live in a time of 'Manufactured Risk'. Essentially Giddens’ “Risk and Responsibility” is a discussion on how the threats to contemporary society are a product of science and technology, and in this sense, is based within the notion of the 'Risk Society'. To be more specific, the advances of science and technology and the ‘domination’ over nature, allows us to consider that our environmental worries are no longer about what nature might do to us, but what we are doing to nature. The modern world seems to harbour notions that we stand outside of nature, that we are not embedded in an ecology. Nevertheless newspapers and television remind us that we are far from controlling nature and preventing its risk productions. Besides, there are still plenty of developing areas in the world where all these previous ideas do not apply and in many circumstances the radical consequences of these non-controlled areas can affect other countries and societies that presume to have already reached this 'End of Nature' paradigm. While natural hazards still pose a major threat, even in the developed world, and the new sort of self-produced risk has been spread all over, the result is that we are substantially more vulnerable. From Laugier and Tratadism tradition, the origin and main goal of architecture has been supposed to be

Julian Zi Liang Huang, Unit 22

[00] project 1 The ‘Death’ of Transient Communities 1- Definition of Vulnerabilities 2- Defining the Vulnerabilities of Transient Communities 3- Transient Community, Past & Present

[01]

Vulnerable Community(ies) What is preventing travellers from travelling?

Definition of Vulnerability

Vulnerable: /ˈvəln(ə)rəbəl/ -Capable of or susceptible to being wounded or hurt, as by a weapon: a vulnerable part of the body. -Open to moral attack, criticism, temptation, etc.: an argument vulnerable to refutation; He is vulnerable to bribery. -(of a place) open to assault; difficult to defend: a vulnerable bridge. Transient Communities Transient Community, or sometimes known as traveller’s community or gypsy community, can de defined as “a community of people…. who are identified (by themselves and others) as people with a shared history, cultures and traditions, including, historically and a nomadic way of life...” The Traveller’s community may refer to any of the following nomadic peoples: - the Romani people, an ethnic group popularly referred to as gypsies -Roma (Romani subgroup), a major Romani subgroup in Central and Eastern Europe

300,000

-Sinti, a European subgroup of the Romani people

Number of Travellers estimated to be in the U.K

-the Dom people, an ethnic group of the Middle East possibly related to the Romani -Lyuli, a branch of the Dom people of Central Asia - the Salab people, an ethnic group of the Middle East - the Lom people, an ethnic group of East Anatolia and Armenia possibly related to the Romani -the Banjara, an ethnic group of India -the Domba, an ethnic group of India - the Irish Travellers (or Pavee), an ethnic group of Irish origin mostly found in Ireland, Great Britain, and the United States - the Scottish Highland Travellers (Ceárdannan) (literally “craftsmen”), an ethnic group of the Scottish Highlands -the Yeniche people, mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, and Belgium

This represents

0.45%

-Sea Gypsies, a number of different peoples of Southeast Asia

0f the entire population of the U.K

-Sri Lankan Gypsy people, Telugu speaking nomadic people of Sri Lanka.

Local Authority Gypsy/Traveller Sites in England

Map 1: Distribution of Gypsy Caravans on Local Authority Sites: January 2002

[01.1]

Total No. of Gypsy Caravans Local Authority Sites: January 2002 101 to 108 00(3) 151 to 100 0(39) 011 to 050 (132) 101 to 010 0(20)

Vulnerable Community(ies) Negative perceptions Many Traveller’s communities are frowned up on by the wider population, some believe this is caused by stereotyped views created towards travellers, who are often perceived as criminals, anti-social and do not abide to regulations and laws. However, these perceptions are usually based on the behaviour of a small number they have observed, and inaccurate and sometimes racist reporting in the media. Negative media reporting reinforces stereotypes, and leads to anecdotal rather than factual discussion about the transient community.

Localauthoritygypsy/travellersites

Table 3.3: Distribution of Sites and Pitches by Region

100

R e g io n

kilometres

S ite s

P itc h e s

Number%Number%ResidentialTransit N orth E a s t Yorks&Humberside33105691152940 N orth W e s t WestMidlands36115531149756 EastMidlands155287626324 E a s te rn S outh W e s t S outh E a s t L ondon

291

290

360

298

53 37 82 36

16 11 25 11

930 501 1, 004 510

19 10 20 10

898 462 951 510

32 39 53 0

ndJanuary2002,DTLR Source:GypsySitesProvidedbyLocalAuthoritiesinEngland2

Top: The population of the transient community across in England. Data gathered in 2001 and it’s evident that most transient communities are based around large urban areas. Bottom: The spread of transient communities across London, this map illustrates how travellers tend to settle around the fringes of urban cities.

The recent eviction of the Dale Farm Traveller’s site has bought the transient community into the spotlight of main stream media and culture.

The evolution of transient communities, from fringes of society...

[01.2]

History of Transient Communities-Past and Present Fringes of society and connection with settled communities Transient communities have long historical associations with the settled community, but often a fragile and vulnerable one. Throughout the last millennia, the mention of travellers has appeared in historical text and records, with many believe the origin of travellers to the North of India. These communities have always played an important role in society, working in a wide ranging of trades and performers and they also worked closely with farmers travelling year round to different parts of the country to help farmers to turn the land and harvest the crops. A rough timeline of the major historical events in relation to the trasient community: 1000-Groups of Roma, originating in Northern India, reach modern Greece and Turkey. 1100s ravellers first recorded in Ireland. Travelling smiths mentioned in Scottish records. 1200s-Many fairs are created by Royal Charter, including Bridlington (1200) and Hull (1299). By the turn of the 13th Century Roma begin to arrive in Western Europe. 1400s-Four Gypsies travel to the New World with Christopher Columbus. 1500s-King James the Fourth of Scotland pays seven pounds to “Egyptians” stopped at Stirling, who may have come from Spain. Parish records from around this time show that Irish Travellers are already living in England. Gypsies are forbidden to enter England under Henry VIII. Those already there are deported. Queen Mary of England passes the Egyptians Act. Being a Gypsy is punishable by death, as is being found in “the fellowship or company of Egyptians”. This is the only time that fraternizing with an ethnic community has been punishable by death. Scottish Gypsies are ordered to stop travelling or leave the country. First records of the Kale Gypsies in Wales. The first recorded Gypsy presence in Leeds is in the Leeds Parish registers of 1572. 1600s-Last known hanging for the crime of being a Gypsy, in Suffolk, England. Gypsies are deported to America. 1700s-British Gypsies are shipped to the Caribbean as slaves. Some English anti-Gypsy laws begin to be repealed.

Emergent into popular culture and mass media In the past few decades, the transient community is becoming more and more prominent in main stream British media and news reporting. Whether its discrimination accusations of local authorities against travellers or forced evictions of traveller settlements, more attention has been bought to the plight of transient communities and their vulnerabilities. All these focused attention has generated much curiosity in the wider public regarding the life styles of transient communities, resulting in a series of hugely successful reality TV shows such as ‘my big fat gypsy wedding’ and films such as ‘Pavee Lackeen’.

1800s-Tents start to be used for fairs under George IV. Covered horse drawn wagons begin to be used by Gypsies in Britain. Many Gypsies live in the more makeshift bender tents, and will continue to do so until the mid-late 20th Century. Agricultural depression in England. Many Travellers and Gypsies are poverty-stricken and move to urban squatters’ areas. Hundreds of Irish Travellers leave Ireland for Britain. 1900s-The Children’s Act makes education compulsory for Travelling children in England by The Children’s Act, but only for half the year. 1930s-60s-Groups of European Roma come to live in Britain. 1939-45-World War II. Nazis compose lists of English Gypsies to be interned. In Britain, the government builds caravan camps for Gypsies serving in the forces or doing vital farm work. These are closed when the war finishes. Roma, Sinti and other Gypsies are stripped of all human rights by the Nazis. As many as 600,000 are murdered in camps and gas chambers. This is Porraimos (the devouring), the Roma holocaust in Europe. 1945-60-Travellers start to use motor-drawn trailers, and some buy their own land to stop on with them. 1960-New private sites are banned from being built in England by The Caravan Sites (Control of Development) Act. Mass evictions and public harassment of Gypsies and Travellers. Irish Government “Commission on Itinerancy” begins a programme to assimilate Irish Travellers. 1968-Lord Avebury helps to pass the new Caravan Sites Act. From 1970, the Government have to provide caravan sites for Travellers. 1970s-1990s-People from the settled community start to take to the road and live in caravans. They are known as “New Age Travellers” in the media. 1980s-Romany Gypsies are first recognised under the Mandla criteria CRE v Dutton. 1990s-The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act abolishes the Caravan Sites Act. This is disastrous for all Travellers living in Britain, and more than 5,000 families now have no legal home. Local councils became duty bound to identify land for private purchase by Travellers. Not one local council adhered to this.

...Into the main stream popular culture and headline news

[01.3]

Identifing vulnerabilities in transient communities What makes transient communities vulnerable?

-Health

- Social

- Environmental

- Educational

- Economical & Employment

1.Health Vulnerabilities:

2.Social Vulnerabilities:

3.Environmental Vulnerabilities:

4.Education Vulnerabilities:

5.Economic/Employment Vulnerabilities:

There is a huge inequality in health status between Gypsy Traveller and non-Gypsy Traveller Populations. Proper access to Health is one of the biggest vulnerability Travelling communities’ faces. Health problems amongst Gypsy Travellers are between two and five times more common than the settled community, the most common health problems are mental health, stroke, and heart disease. There are many causes associated with Traveller’s poor health, some of the major obstacles they faces include: discrimination and bad communication with, and ignorance about, Gypsies and Travellers within the healthcare system, which leads to the fear or reluctance of going to see a doctor, and also Traveller attitudes to health, there is a traditional belief in relying on yourself or family, suspicion of health services, and the belief that treatment will not be effective, lack of access to proper medical care, especially when proper diagnosis is required, poor and unbalanced diet, lack of physical exercise, stress and pressure from leading a transient life, lack of education and lack of economic funds to see doctors or prescribe medication etc. Together, they all contribute to a poor health performance in travelling communities. And some research suggests that men from transient communities in general have a 10 years shorter average life in comparison to their settled counterparts.

One of the biggest challenges facing the transient community is the relationship it has with the settled community. This directly effects the livelihood of the community, and can affect the access of the community to local amenities and support bodies, which are basic essential in modern lives such as schools, hospitals, shops and community centres. Many traveller’s communities are frowned up on by the wider population, some believe this is caused by stereotyped views created towards travellers, who are often perceived as criminals, anti-social and do not abide to regulations and laws. However, these perceptions are usually based on the behaviour of a small number they have observed, and inaccurate and sometimes racist reporting in the media.

“It be nice if I could have me own room, we do need some private space now and again... some outdoor playing space for the kids would be nice as well, they get a bit bored staying inside all day, you know what boys are like... and my mom won’t allow them out all the time...it’s not that eitaK ,rethguad tsedle s’ronnoC’O srM

Local, settled communities often complain after a transient community has visited or stayed at a site, illegal or not. And in most cases, the complain would most likely regard the amount of waste the travellers have left behind, and often they occupy private land, therefore the local authority are not required to clear it, it is often left to the owners of the land or the local community to remove the waste, sometimes at great expense. Some believe that the traveller are just naturally messy and unhygienic, but more often than not it is because there is a complete lack of infrastucture needed to deal with the waste management. This is particularly evident in illegal traveller’s sites, which usually have no running water, no sewage system or drainage system, garbage storage facilities etc. But this problem is complex and it’s exacerbated by the fact that the travellers are occupying the land illegally.

Together with health, education is another major problem facing the transient community. Traveller’s Educational status is considerably lower than that of their settled peers. The Census in 2002 revealed that for 54.8% of Travellers, primary school education was the highest level of education they obtained and that 63.2% of Traveller children under the age of 15 had left school, usually caused by discrimination and bullying by other students or even teachers in some cases. Research found that the education system itself is flawed and discriminating towards Traveller’s children, such as in many schools Travellers children were placed in special all-Traveller classes with one teacher who catered for all Traveller children regardless of age in one classroom. Another contributing factor to the low levels of attainment of Travellers in Education is the lack of visibility of Traveller culture within the school system. This may contribute to feelings of isolation experienced by Traveller children. There is also a trend that Traveller parents do not have confidant in the education system, and rather prefer their children to learn at home or finding a job that could support the family, as they see that as being more practical.

Despite the increasing quality of life for a small number of Travellers, most of the transient community still live in relative difficult economic conditions. The Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) Gypsy and Traveller Strategy for England and Wales noted a lack of systematic data on Gypsy and Traveller employment. However, it reported anecdotal evidence which indicated that ‘unemployment is high among Gypsies and Travellers and few of the general programmes set up to tackle unemployment have initiatives or schemes developed specifically for Gypsies and Travellers, together with a low education qualification rate, as Traveller children tend to leave school at an early age, many even without a secondary education, and plus discrimination from employers, the overall employment levels of Travellers are considerably lower than their settled counterparts. In Niner’s 2003 study, the report found ‘on seven out of 10 sites a minority of households work, with over one-third of site managers noting that less than 10 per cent of residents were in employment. The limited evidence on Gypsy and Traveller employment practices and preferences does, however, indicate a strong preference for male self-employment often associated with working in family groups and undertaking employment such as gardening, scrapping metal, building and market trading. Women have until relatively recently traditionally been involved in harvesting work, making holly wreaths or other traditional seasonal ‘female’ crafts, although there has been a sharp decline in such work in recent years with greater numbers of organised migrant field labourers from Eastern Europe undertaking such work and limited outlets for craft work when raw materials are expensive or access to market stalls may be difficult to justify if financial returns are low.

“I don’t want my kids to go to school with those other kids cause they will get bullied, and called names at and made fun of...”

“This is the third time this has happend on my land... they just leave all their crap everywhere... bottles, gas tanks, leftover food... you name it, it’s here...”

“I don’t want my child to mix with the traveller’s kids when they’re in school... they don’t have any manners and are filthy and hang out with local gangs, I don’t want my children to get involve with that kind of stuff...”

“…it’s obvious Travellers is changing because they’re moving into houses and thisand that. Their lifestyle’s changing...they’re not sticking together like what they used to years ago. They’re just all like housed people.”

[01.5]

Migration Pattern of Transient communities- Past For many generations before the onset of mechanisation of farming, transient communities have led a harmonious existence with their settled counter parts, often forming important and interconnected relationships that saw Travellers playing vital roles such as helping farmers seasonally working the land, sowing and harvesting, this meant transient communities led a nomadic life involving a migratory circuit across the country participating in a variety of jobs depending on the time of the year, and this formed the main migration pattern of transient communities, moving from rural farms to farms and occasionally settling in towns and cities during the winter months when farm work was not needed. The other main migration pattern are those of the festivals and horse fairs, these are numerous and occur throughout the country, a famous example is the Appleby horse fair, which is still held annually in Cumbria since 1658.

Migration routes from cities and towns to major festivals Migration routes between major urban centres Travellers settled in Migration routes to Ireland or other countries to visit family members or employment

Large UK cities who signiﬁcant Taveller population

Winter:

Large festivals that Travellers attend annually

Migration route during harvesting and planting tim

Spring:

H I

Summer:

Key

Autumn:

1A- Appleby Horse fair 1B-Stoke-on-the-wold horse fair A. London B. Birmingham C. Liverpool D. Portsmouth E. Plymouth F. Bristol G. Cardiff H. Blackpool I. Mancherster

J. Bournemouth K. Norwich L. Sheffield M. Carlisle N. Belfast O. Newcastle P. Middlesbourgh Q. Glasgow R. Edinburgh

J E

[01.6]

Migration routes from cities and towns to major festivals

Migration Pattern of transient communities- Present

Migration routes between major urban centres Travellers settled in Migration routes to Ireland or other countries to visit family members or employment

However, the introduction of mechanisation into the farming and the agricultural industry have caused a dramatic change in the migration pattern of many transient communities, some research have suggested that “up to 95% of travellers are now housed on permanent sites or possesses a permanent address”, as a direct consequences of the mechanisation of farming. The only major travelling destinations that still play an important role in their traveling route are the large annual festivals, such as the Appleby horse fair. Various researches conducted regarding the preference of travellers who prefers a transient or a settled life often finds that they would still like to travel, but many social barriers such as health, education, and financial restriction have prevented them from doing so.

Large UK cities who signiﬁcant Taveller population

Large festivals that Travellers attend annually

Furthermore, the occupation of travellers has altered considerably. Whereas before travellers mainly worked with farmers and doing seasonal, temporary jobs, traveller’s employment now have integrated into the wider public realm and have the same occupation as every other citizen; such as teachers, doctors, construction workers, business owners and even media figures; this in particular, makes a transient life more difficult.

Migration route during harvesting and planting tim

H I

Key

1A- Appleby Horse fair 1B-Stoke-on-the-wold horse fair A. London B. Birmingham C. Liverpool D. Portsmouth E. Plymouth F. Bristol G. Cardiff H. Blackpool I. Mancherster

J. Bournemouth K. Norwich L. Sheffield M. Carlisle N. Belfast O. Newcastle P. Middlesbourgh Q. Glasgow R. Edinburgh

J E

95% of travellers are now housed on permanent sites or possesses a perma-

“up to nent address”

[02] project 2 The Rebirth of Transient Communities

Significant Actions and Vulnerability Protection Designs 1- Health Clinic Attachment 2- Mobile Alternative School of Traveller Children 3- Mobile Waste Management System 4- Travelling Farm & Pop-up Market 5- Knitting Craft with Recycled Plastic bags

Members of the Travelling community the five deisngs are cater for:

[02.1]

Five Designs- responses to the vulnerbilities facing the transient community Objective:

To encourage the Travelling community to go on the move once again Agenda: 02

So far, the project has identified five biggest vulnerabilities facing the transient community. These include health, education, environmental degradation, social exclusion and economic hardship, the combination of these form some of the major mechanisms that prevent Travellers from leading a transient life. The se proposals are aimed to protect the Travellers from these vulnerabilities and encourage them to lead a transient life once again. They have the following agendas:

-To improve access to health facilities and services 03

-To create a more mobile learning facility where alternative learning methods are encouraged -To recycle the waste generated by the Travelling community and turn it into a source of potential energy

-Social integration through giving, receiving and sharing with settled community

-To provide an alternative source of income for some of the Travelling community

Why Travellers like to travel again?

The Appeal of Travelling 06

I: ‘‘What’s the appeal of travelling?’’ F: ‘‘It’s the way you’re brought up with, it’s in your blood and you just like to keep travelling’’ F: ‘‘You don’t like to be settled down like for too long, you like to go out and go to different places, don’t you?’’ F: ‘‘Go to different towns and meet different people, you get the urge. When you see the sunshine, you’ve got to go – all Travellers is like that, when they see the sunshine they just wants to go anywhere, they don’t care where it is, Travellers don’t know where they’re going to be tomorrow, they could be anywhere’’ (Irish LA) F: ‘‘Well, you’re free, my love’’ M: ‘‘And you’re not tied, guv, you’re not tied’’ F: ‘‘And different air, you’re free like a bird – when we’re on these places (sites) we’re just like wild birds in a cage’’ (Gypsy LA)

08 07

F: F: F: I: F: F:

‘‘I’ll tell you what, when we lived along the roads – ’’ ‘‘We were all happier’’ ‘‘Much happier and better offthan we are today anyway - because we was free. We was free’’ ‘‘You don’t feel free here?’’ ‘‘No, we don’t feel free now’’ ‘‘Prisoner of war camps’’ (Gypsy LA)

F: ‘‘The main reason people live this way is because you have a social life, you have other people. If I had to live in a house in an estate I’d have nothing in common with the people’’ (New transit)

A series of interviews with current travellers regard why they would like to travel: source: http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/138832.pdf 06

[02.1] Mobile Health Clinic Attachment Significant Action 1:

To make health facilities more accessible and dynamic fit for a nomadic life Health, and access to health services, is one of the biggest vulnerability travelling communities’ faces. The lack of a permanent address, and the complicated and often arduous process of registering for a GP, means many travellers are put off getting access to health services, and together with many traveller’s “not going to the doctor until it’s too late” mentality, the transient population in general have a lower life expectancy than the settled population. The first protection design proposes a health facility extension in a caravan that travellers can use to adapt to current health infrastructures. Basic health equipment, such as x-rays, dental treatment, opticians, etc can be fitted inside a caravan, this essentially becomes an extension of a health facility, but a more dynamic and accessible service suited to the travelling community. The other purpose for this extension is to provide a more domestic environment for travellers to see a doctor in, as another major problem that restricts travellers to go and see a doctor, that they often feel intimidated and uncomfortable. Therefore this design hope to provide a environment that the travellers are more comfortable in …

The mobile health clinic attachment will make the clinical environment more home like for the Travellers who use it, therefore feeling more comfortable going to health facilities.

“Those who rarely travel have the poorest health”1

Psychological and feeling anxious represent the biggest health problem facing Travellers, which is caused by physical and social isolation and deprivation. Especially in women, which are twice more likely to be anxious or depressed. Health problems amongst Gypsy Travellers are between two and five times more common than the settled community

Inequalities of Health Services Experienced by Travellers

Traveller’s children are extremely vulnerable to asthma and the high percentage of smoker also contribute to level of bronchitis Mental Health

Chest pain and respiratory complains are more prevalent in Transient communities, this could be a result of their habitation environment.

Research conducted on the current health state of Travellers show that Gypsy Travellers have significantly poorer health status and significantly more self-reported symptoms of ill-health than other UK-resident, English speaking ethnic minorities and economically disadvantaged white UK residents. Gypsy Travellers have poorer health than that of their age sex matched comparators. Self reported chest pain, respiratory problems, and arthritis were also more prevalent in the Traveller group. For GypsyTravellers, living in a house is associated with long term illness, poorer health state and anxiety. Those who rarely travel have the poorest health.

Transient communities have a poorer diet in general in comparison to their settled counterparts, the high intake of sugar and fat exacerbate the diabetics level among Traveller population.

lems

rob ory P pirat

, Res

t pain Ches

Heart P

[02.2]

roblem

External Factor Affecting Health: .When on site, little access to green spaces as often situated near dumps, sewage works, motorways etc. (very high levels of accidents & illnesses for children).

Dia

be tes

e ok Str

l nta

ones m&B

matis

Fertility & Sexual

Cancer

Rheu

A nd

sth m hiti s

Br on c

· Frequently evicted & little control over where they live – “helplessness” & stress. · Mental health deteriorates after going into housing for most people – esp.women · Loss of traditional trades has increased pressure on men to provide income.

Cultural Factor Affecting Health: .Experience of racism brings expectation of rejection – may not persist in registration or treatment. · Culture of stoicism – may only access healthcare at a point of crisis.

It also observed that the scale of health inequality between the study population and the UK general population is large, with reported health

twice

five

problems between and times more prevalent. Health status in the Gypsy Traveller group is correlated with those factors that are recognised as influential on health: age, education and smoking. However the poorer health status of Travellers can not be accounted for by these factors alone. Gender differences were found; women were twice as likely as men to be anxious, even when education, smoking and carer status was taken into account. The aspects of Gypsy Traveller health that show the most marked inequality are self-reported anxiety, respiratory problems including asthma and bronchitis, and chest pain. The excess prevalence of miscarriages, stillbirths, neonatal deaths and premature death of older offspring was also conspicuous. The film stills below depicts a scene when a traveller girl goes to see the doctor for the first time. It’s taken from Pavee Lackeen, a documentary film about a Travelling family, the character used in the film are from real Travelling communities and therefore the script was not written and the experiences seen on the film are realistic and it portrays the lack of contact between Travelling communities and the health service.

· Lack of familiarity with mainstream procedures · Many fear that children will be taken away from them if they disclose having a mental health problem. · Language – depression may be called “nerves”. · Low adult literacy makes accessing and following treatment difficult

Table 4: Comparisons between Gyps y Travellers and age-sex matched

comparators on standardised general health status measures.

Health variable Health status over past year

G ood

F a irly good N ot good L ong-te rm illne s s Y es N umbe r ha ving a c c ide nts Health on day of Mobility interview

The table on the right illustrates the many inequalities Travellers experience in comparison to their settled counterparts. Almost in all of the results, Gypsy Travellers are shown to be worse in health than comparators, these include the experiencing of pain, long term illness, anxiety and depression and level of mobility.

- no problems - s ome proble ms - c onfine d to be d Self-care - no problems - s ome proble ms - una ble to Usual activities - no problems - s ome proble ms - unable to perform Pain/ discomfort - no pain - moderate pain - extrem pain Anxiety/Depression - not anxious - moderately anxious - extremly anxious Total score (EQ5D tariff) mean ±SD Total score (EQ5D VAS) mean ±

Gypsy Travellers N=260 103

Comparators N=260 147

80 77 101 34 196 64 0 232 17 11 203 46 11

76 37 75 22 222 38 0 250 7 3 227 28 5

50 37

60 12

173

186

52 22 74.9 ±36.1 ±

Age-sex matched p

<0 . 0 0 1 0. 009 0. 112

Inequalities of Health Services Experienced by Travellers Doctor: TC: Doctor: TC:

OK, and how old are you? Ten, going eleven in another week. When is you birthday? It’s November the.... I don’t know... I don’t know the date but... it’s on December. (shakes head) Doctor: And you don’t know exactly on what date it is? Do you know the year you were born? TC: A couple of weeks after hallowen. A couple of... Doctor: Right, but the year you were born? TC: (shakes head)

188 278

36 6 86.6 ±23.1 ±17.0

<0.001 <0.001 1. http://www.shef.ac.uk/content/1/c6/02/55/71/GT%20report%20summary.pdf

The caravan splits, and transforms into half mobile school,ﬁnally half health The caravan attaches itself clinic attachment into the health clinic, becoming an extention of the facility within.

As the travellers move from a rural landscape Starting oﬀ, the traveller’s caravan is stationary, more and more trees are disappearing to a urban environment, the number of stationed in thedevelopment rural countryside, during to land as theysurrounded get trees will begin to reduce, as they move by treesand andnearer greenery. nearer to the urban centre. across the landscape.

Children from the traveller’s community running towards the alternative education facility, to join their counterpart.

The architecture typologygets around this As the housing typology bigger, As scale they move across thetypology landscape, the architecture The of the setting is reﬂected the smallare countrymore details on housing theinbuildings rebegins tobyalter, fromcent. houses, to shopping malls ... increases ten per cottages. This typology is repeated vealed. ...side to ... to super indistrial markets factories to oﬃces 3...times.

Frame Frame 211 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1

X 10%

[02.3] Belt One

Mobile Health Clinic Attachment- Depicting A Journey Moving Across The Landscape The first belt of the zoetrope represents the journey transient community takes to travel from a rural environment to an urban environment where major health clinics are often located. To mimic the sense of travelling and moving across the landscape, the zoetrope emphasizes the different typologies of architecture the caravan would drive past on its way into the city; these include hosing typologies, industrial and manufacturing typologies, retail and mall typologies, office typologies and finally health clinic typologies. Each typology are represented with 3 models on the zoetrope that increase in scale as it reaches its destination, the enlargement of the size of models highlight an eventual focal point, which is the moment the mobile health clinic attaches with into a health clinic. And with each increase in scale, more details will be revealed.

also had the highest level of Special Educational Needs of all ethnic minority groups. Figure 1

Figure 4

Travellers in Education Traveller’s Educational status is considerably lower than that of their settled peers. The Census in 2002 revealed that for 54.8% of Travellers, primary school education was the highest level of education they obtained and that 63.2% of Traveller children under the age of 15 had left school. Why have Travellers fared badly in Education? The reasons for this are many and complex with external and internal factors at play. In the past Education policy promoted a segregated model of provision. In practice this meant that in many schools Travellers were placed in special all-Traveller classes with one Teacher who catered for all Traveller children regardless of age in one classroom. It can be argued that a contributing factor to the low levels of attainment of Travellers in Education is the lack of visibility of Traveller culture within the school system. This may contribute to feelings of isolation experienced by Traveller children. It is very important for all children to feel confident and positive in their own identity in school. Unfortunately many Traveller children are aware that their identity will pose a problem for them in school.

4 9

1.4 DfE study results showed that 41 per cent of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils with9 KS2 but notand KS1 SAT results (suggesting they had disrupted education), were in Enrolment exclusion schools within the lowest Enrolment and exclusion quintile (1/5) of attainment.

1.12 National published data suggests there has been a 34% increase in the number of in Primary schools, andpupils a 39%reached rise in theLevel number of English Gypsy and 1.5 WhileGypsy/Roma an averagepupils of 73.5 per cent of all 4 in Roma Secondary data pupils suggests since 2007 there (see figure 5). Theaincrease in numbersinofthe number of 1.12 National published has been 34% increase MathsGypsy/Roma at KS2, only 22.5 certainly per cent ofto Gypsy/Roma and 26.2 per cent is almost due growing numbers ofrise Roma mainly fromof Irish Gypsy/Roma pupils in Primary schools, and a 39% in the number of Gypsy Travellers succeeded in reaching level 4 (see figure 2). Romania and Slovakia.

Roma Secondary pupils since 2007 (see figure 5). The increase in numbers of Gypsy/Roma is almost certainly due to growing numbers of Roma mainly from Figure 5 Slovakia. Figure 2 and Romania

[02.2] The Impromptu Classroom

Furthermore it is difficult for Travellers to see the positive outcomes in staying on in mainstream Education as many Travellers experience discrimination in trying to obtain employment.

Significant Action 2: all of the above is the situation that many Travellers find themselves in which includes To create educational facilities that facilitate oral,Underpinning visual and alternative learning poor accommodation and appalling living conditions, poor health and the experience of widespread prejudice and discrimination. All of these factors combine to create a particular set of circumstances that militate against many Travellers participating fully in education.

Education, together with access to health services, was identified as another major vulnerability facing the transient community. A large percentage of the travelling population did not receive a secondary education, often they leave after primary education and would move on to work or helping out families, this lack of further education only exacerbates the problem of access to health services, therefore these two factors are deeply interconnected. The second design proposes mobile classroom facilities where learning can be conducted in a variety of different environments, and not just inside a classroom. Furthermore, it explores alternative methods of learning, where knowledge and information is passed down from generation to generation through storytelling, music and cultural events, cooking classes and everyday activities.

Figure Figure 54

in their GCSEs. The GCSE grades for Irish Travellers had improved dramatically (from 9.1 per cent in 2009 to the 21.8 per cent in 2010) and may be partly attributed to a stronger emphasis on vocational subjects in the GCSEs (see figure 3). 10

Figure 3 be remembered that a very high proportion of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller 1.13 It should

pupils do not opt to identify themselves to the Gypsy/Roma and Traveller of Irish 5 Heritage codes. The DFE (2010)11 study found that over two thirds of Gypsies and Irish Travellers, and 85% of Roma in the 2003 KS2 cohort, changed their ethnicity code in the following five years, compared to 20% of C all grades pupils. Ininaddition to this,results 1.6 8.3 per cent of Gypsy Roma pupils achieved 5 A to their GCSE region, Education involved in achieved the study inthe the same South East while Traveller 21.8 per cent ofServices Irish Travellers grades in when 2010. This

compares with an average of 54.8 per cent for all pupils achieving 5 A to C grades 910 9

DfE SFR03-2011 DfE 2011, Pupils on roll 2007-10 from sfr09-2010 and previous 11 Improving Outcomes of Gypsy, Roma anda Traveller 1.13 It should be remembered that very pupils high proportion Enrolment and exclusion 10

of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils do not opt to identify themselves to the Gypsy/Roma and Traveller of Irish 1.12Heritage Nationalcodes. published beenthat a 34% in the number of Thedata DFEsuggests (2010)11there studyhas found overincrease two thirds of Gypsies and Gypsy/Roma pupils in Primary schools, and a 39% rise in the number of Gypsy Irish Travellers, and 85% of Roma in the 2003 KS2 cohort, changed their ethnicity RomainSecondary pupils (see figure 5).ofThe increase numbers of code the following five since years,2007 compared to 20% all pupils. In in addition to this, Gypsy/Roma is almost certainly due to of Roma Traveller Education Services involved in growing the studynumbers in the South Eastmainly region,from when Romania and Slovakia.

DfE SFR03-2011 DfE 2011, Pupils on roll 2007-10 from sfr09-2010 and previous Figure 5 11 Improving Outcomes of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils 10

Attendance and retention

1.7 Evidence suggests that where Gypsy and Traveller pupils do transfer successfully to secondary school, they are likely to drop out or be excluded at some point before the statutory leaving age. 1.8 The DfE report found that 20% of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils fail to transfer from primary to secondary school. 1.9 Just over half of the national cohort of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils droppedout of secondary school. The study also found that only 38% of Irish Travellers reach statutory leaving age. 1.10 National data, published by the DfE, shows the average absence rate of 10 Gypsy/Roma pupils’ was approximately three times that of all p upils while for Irish Traveller pupils the rate was four times the national average (see figure 4). 1.13 It should be remembered that a very high proportion of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller 1.11 The do Irish Movement in Britain’s 2010 report on economic and social pupils notTraveller opt to identify themselves to the Gypsy/Roma and Traveller of Irish 11 inclusion for Gypsies and Travellers found that racist bullying acts as a barrier to Heritage codes. The DFE (2010) study found that over two thirds of Gypsies and children from schools when this participation in school with parents often removing Irish Travellers, and 85% of Roma in the 2003 KS2 cohort, changed their ethnicity occurs. Fiftyfollowing five per cent the sample of 95to interviewees bullyingtoand code in the five of years, compared 20% of all experienced pupils. In addition this,

A series of stills from the film, ‘Pavee Lackeen’, where the difficulties of schooling for Travellers were documented. Constant fights would break out between the Traveller’s children and their settled counterparts,

1. Old Recipe Cooking School

2. Music and Story Telling Space

3. Social Space

The caravan can become a cooking school, and where old, forgotten recipes could be revived. Some old forgotten recipes could be recorded through casual conversations when older Traveller occupy the caravan as a dinning space, they may remark on certain old dishes they reminiscent about, or they might talk about recipes of coking, these conversations are recorded above them and stored, where younger generation Traveller can listen to on the audio storage device at the front of the caravan.

Many knowledge and life skills are told through stories, folk tales and traditional music. There is a very strong cultural identity in Travellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s culture and they often gather together to sign and dance, these events could become informal classes for the younger generation of Travellers, where they get to learn more about their culture and origin.

Travelling families often have a number of different people living inside one caravan; it is not unusual to have even ten members of a family sharing one caravan, with such cramped space, social space can sometimes be difficult to come by. Therefore this proposal can become a social hub where Travellers can gather and socialise.

Frame 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

[02.3] Belt Two

Mobile Alternative Education Caravan- The Impromptu Classroom The second belt of the zoetrope is very much integrated together with the first belt. It depicts a mobile class room that can be adapted from a caravan which both Traveller children and their settled counterparts can use together. The main idea of this impromptu classroom is to provide a mobile learning facility for Traveller children on one level, but also more importantly, it emphasis an alternative method of learning that utilises traditional Travellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s culture as a means of teaching, such as learning through storytelling and singing, rather than learning through books and lessons in a conventional education system. The impromptu classroom also emphasizes that education facilities for travelling children should be much more versatile and flexible that facilitate both their transient ways of living and learning at the same time. The moving figures on the second belt represent children from a travelling community going to join an impromptu class hosted in rural woodland. As the zoetrope spins, the caravan (frame 1) transforms into an impromptu classroom, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s then moving towards a woodland, the trees will be provided by the mobile farm, (coming from the orange arms) more trees will appear in each frame as it develops. Eventually the classroom would be surrounded by trees.

Organic waste compost bin:

All the raw and cooked food left over could be put into this bin fixed to the exterior of the caravan. A hatchet directly connects the kitchen inside and the compost bin outside. A turning handle will help to aerate the compost, preventing it from turning anaerobic.

[02.3] Mobile Waste Station Significant Action 3: To recycle the waste generated by the travelling community and turn it into a source of potential energy

Compost inlet

The table compares Gypsy/Traveller sites and the English housing stock on environmental problems in the surrounding area. As can be seen, Gypsy/Traveller sites are more likely to suffer most of the listed problems than bricks-and-mortar housing.

Aerating handle

Settled communities often complain after a transient community has visited or stayed at a site, illegal or not. And in most cases, the complaint would most likely regard the amount of waste the travellers have left behind, and often they occupy private land, therefore the local authority are not required to clear it, it is often left to the owners of the land or the local community to remove the waste, sometimes at great expense.

Compost outlet

Some believe that the traveller are just naturally messy and unhygienic, but more often than not it is because there is a complete lack of infrastructure needed to deal with the waste management. This is particularly evident in illegal traveller’s sites, which usually have no running water, no sewage system or drainage system, garbage storage facilities etc. But this problem is complex and it’s exacerbated by the fact that the travellers are occupying the land illegally.

Table 3.5: Problems in the local area: comparison of gypsy sites and the english housing stock F a c to r

% a s s e s s e d a s a p r o b l e m o n f a c t o r (c o d e 3 - 5 o n 5 - p o i n t scale where 1 ¼ no problem and 5 ¼ major problems) Gypsy sites

L itte r/rubbis h/dumping H e a vy tra ffic R a ilwa y/a irc ra ft nois e S c ruffy ga rde ns /la nds c a pe Intrus ion from motorwa ys /a rte ria l roa ds V a nda lis m A mbie nt a ir qua lity D og e x c re me nt Intrus ive indus try V a c a nt/de re lic t s ite s /buildings G ra ffiti N uis a nc e from pa rk ing N on- c onforming la nd us e s Source: English House Condition Survey 2001 and physical survey; base

Bio-oil converter:

Cooking oil is collected from the kitchen sink, and pumped into the bio-oil converter located at the back of the caravan. The rack can be folded when the caravan is being moved or during relocation. The bio-oil can be used as petrol to fuel regular motor-vehicles.

Refinery tank

Foldable rack

Bio-gas catcher:

A human waste storage tank is fixed at the bottom of the caravan directly underneath the toilet. The methane will be captured in on of the two upturned tanks, suspended in another tank filled with water, so when one tank is full of methane, it will rise above the water to indicate the presence of methane. The tank then feeds the methane directly to the cooker in the kitchen. The bio-gas doesn’t need to be processed.

Methane capture tank Waste storage tank

36 30 18 18 16 15 13 12 10 10 7 6 4

English housing stock 12 17 9 13 11 7 12 8 4 3 7 24 3

¼ 97

Currently a large ﬂeet of London’s taxis are run with bio-diesel. London Uptoen Oil collects waste cooking oil from restaurants all around the city, and would process the waste oil into bio-diesel, where taxis would come and ﬁll up.

Bio-gas generator:

10 steps to nio fuel from used cooking oil: 1. 1. Set up FuelMeister in a warm, secure & well-ventilated space.

Organic waste compost bin:

Bio-oil converter:

2. Add barrels for oil, methanol, and biodiesel and connect hoses. 3. Fill reaction tank with 40 gallons of vegetable oil. 4. Do a simple test on an oil sample to determine quality. 5. Add correct amount of lye to the pre-mix tank. 6. Pump 8 gallons of methanol into the pre-mix tank 7. Set timer and let the system mix the lye with oil for 1 hour. 8. Let set overnight and drain the glycerin the next day. 9. Built-in mist washing makes it easy to get the best quality. 10. Pump biodiesel into your storage barrel and dispense it.

Bio-diesel: COMPOSTING REQUIREMENTS SHREDDED ORGANIC WASTES.

Shredding, chopping or even bruising organic materials hastens decay. One way to shred leaves is to mow the lawn before raking, collecting the shredded leaves in the mower bag. It takes at least 34 cubic feet of shredded material to form a compost pile.

GOOD LOCATION.

The compost pile should be located in a warm area and protected from overexposure to wind and too much direct sunlight. While heat and air facilitate composting, overexposure dries the materials. The location should not oﬀend neighbours.

NITROGEN.

Nitrogen accelerates composting. Good sources include fresh grass clippings, manure, blood meal and nitrogenous fertilizer. Lime should be used sparingly if at all. It enhances decomposition, but too much causes nitrogen loss, and it usually isn't necessary unless the pile contains large amounts of pine and spruce needles or fruit wastes.

AIR.

The compost pile and its enclosure should be well ventilated. Some decay will occur without oxygen, but the process is slow and causes doors.

WATER.

Materials in the compost pile should be kept as moist as a squeezed sponge. Too little or too much water retards decomposition. Over watering causes doors and loss of nutrients.

Organic waste compost:

Bio-gas generator :

What is biogas?

Biogas is a byproduct of the decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria. Biogas is typically composed of 60% methane and 40% CO2. It is similar to natural gas which is composed of 99% methane. Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that may be substituted to natural gas to cook, to produce vapor, hot water or to generate electricity. At room pressure and temperature biogas is in gaseous form, not liquid like LPG (propane). Bottling biogas is a very expensive process.

How does it work?

Organic waste is put into a sealed tank called a digester (or bioreactor) where it is heated and agitated. In the absence of oxygen anaerobic bacteria consume the organic matter to multiply and produce biogas.

What type of waste produces biogas?

Any organic waste has the ability to produce biogas: human excreta, manure, animal slurry, fruit and vegetable waste, slaughterhouse waste, meat packing waste, dairy factory waste, brewery and distillery waste, etc. Fiber rich wastes like wood, leaves, etc. make poor feedstocks for digesters as they are diﬃcult to digest.

How much biogas can I get out of my waste?

The amount of biogas you can extract from your organic waste depends on the waste itself and the design of the digester system. Some digesters can yield 20 m3 of biogas per tonne of waste while others can yield as much as 800 m3 per tonne.It all depends on waste quality, digester design and proper operation of the system.

How much energy is in biogas?

Each cubic meter (m3) of biogas contains the equivalent of 6 kWh of caloriﬁc energy. However, when we convert biogas to electricity, in a biogas powered electric generator, we get about 2 kWh of useable electricity, the rest turns into heat which can also be used for heating applications. 2 kWh is enough energy to power a 100 W light bulb for 20 hours or a 2000W hair dryer for 1 hour. What happens to the waste after digestion? Despite popular belief, the amount of waste going in the digester is almost equal to the amount coming out. However the quality of the waste is altered for the better( less odor, better fertilizer, organic load reduced, less polluting)Waste coming out of the digester can be separated (solid/liquid):the solid part can be composted and the liquid part can be used as liquid fertilizer or can be treated further and disposed.

Mobile Waste Management Unit_

Mobile Travelling Farm

[02.4] Travelling Farm + Popup Market Significant Action 4:

Social integration through giving, receiving and sharing with settled community The fourth significant action aims to reconnect the Travelling community with their settled counterparts. The biggest conflict between settled communities and transient communities are often the resources Travellers take advantage of without adequately paying for it, i.e. water and electricity, and the settled community often haveâ&#x20AC;Ś The mobile farm and pop-up markets hope to utilise the needs of transient communities to interact with the settled community. It speculates on the possibility of creating a self-sustainable transient community that contains its own farming production, such as vegetables, fruits, meat, and produces its own resources, rain water harvesting, bio-oil from waste management system, and soil from compost bins. Firstly this would prevent the Travelling community from taking resources from the wider community, but also, with any excess food produced, and bio-oil and compost, they can sell those products back to the local community, and at the same time have a source of extra income, the food and bio- oil would be considerably cheaper than from supermarkets where food are shipped from all over the world, this way there would be a mutal benefit between the two communities, with one needing the other, Travellers require the site for caravan pitch, and the local community can acquire cheap, fresh locally grown food.

Conflicts between Travellers and the settled community odften end up in Newspaper headlines, and can lead to forced evictions, which exacerbate the tension between them.

Top: The pop-up market can take precedents from current street food vendors in South-East Asia, where pop-up markets are a common sight on city streets, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s something they cannot live without. Other existing example of pop-up vegetable markets in America. Bottom: More detailed sketch of the mobile travelling farm and pop-up market that help the integrate Travelling communities with the wider local community.

Top: Initial sketches of the travelling farm, where the emphasis was on celebrating transient community cultures, and open days where Travellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sit would be opened up for the local community to visit. Bottom: The travelling farm and popup market is versatile , it can be designed to occupy both flat open terrain, or narrow, vertical gaps in urban city centres.

Mobile farm shop: Mobile egetable Farm:

Mobile Rice Farm:

Mobile Fish Farm:

Mobile waste management:

Mobile Sheep Farm:

Mobile Chicken Farm:

Mobile Diary Farm:

Mobile Pig Farm:

Mobilr Travelling Farm + Pop-up MArket

Mobile Tool Caravan:

[02.4a]

The Urban Regenertation Tour_ Mobile Travelling Farm

The mobile farm production can contain a variety of different produces, from vegetables, rice, wheat, to a range of meats, chicken, cow and sheep, and waste management systems to recycle the farms manure to produce fertiliser and compost, which can be reused in the farm again, thus creating a environmentally sustainable cycle.

[02.3] Belt Three

Pop-up Market + Mobile Farming- A self-sustainable Travelling Community that also provide fresh local food to the local community wherever they go.

Frame 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

The third belt illustrates how the transient and settled community can benefit each other, by utilising the pop-up market, which sells produces from the mobile farm wherever the transient community happened to occupy. This idea uses the mobile farm and pop-up market as a social mechanism for interaction and integration. In each frame, there are three converted caravan model represented, two of these represent mobile farms while the centre model represent the popup market. As the zoetrope spins, the converted caravans will open up; revealing the produces inside, either meat, or vegetable, and the pop-up market would appear as the caravan opens. At frame nine, the pop-up market starts to close again, and the cycle continues. The figures on the zoetrope represent the meeting between transient community and the settled community. As shown on the drawings left hand side, the figures in yellow represent the transient community, and the figures in grey re[resent the settled community, these two will eventually meet at the pop-up market.

From Sainsburyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s supermarket.

Recycled Plastic Bag 3 :

[02.5] Significant Action 5:

Knitting with plastic bags, turning waste into an alternative means of income The final significant action explores utilising alternative material in clothing. This idea started when during a visit to one of a Travellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s site in East London, I noticed a large quantity of plastic bags lying on the fringes of the site. A few samples was collected and started to wonder if these waste material could in fact become a potentially new material for clothing or even construction, an alternative to the traditional fabric.

From Tescoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s supermarket. From local market.

Recycled Plastic Bag 1 :

To make use of this material, I had to learn how to knit with plastic. I started learning using traditional thread at first, once I was able to make small segments, I started using the plastic bags, the bags have to first be cut down into small narrow strips, then it have to be twisted similar to a tread. Knitting with plastic is more complex than cotton/wool tread.

Recycled Plastic Bag 2 :

Learning to Knitting

1- Loop yarn around your left thumb and needle, then with your right hanf wind yarn around the needle as shown 2- Next, lift the loop on your thumb over the yarn 3- Lift the loop off the end of the needle 4- Pull yarn tight to make your first stich 5- Repeat steps 1 to 4 until you have correct number of stiches

Body temperature + blood pressure sensor :

Fluid tube :

Pump :

[02.5a] Intelligent Clothing

Thermal reader :

The potential use of this alternative synthetic fabric is intelligent clothing. Interwoven in-between are small plastic tubes which circulate all around the coat. The plastic tubes are connected to a small water pump. The idea is that this coat can provide insulation to specific areas of the body in the winter, through body temperature sensors attached to the tubes, which can detect falling temperature of the upper body, then distribute warm water via the pump to heat up the cold area. And in the summer, this coat can operate oppositely to provide coolness.

[02.5] Belt Five

Recycled Fashion- Creating an Alternative Source of Income From Knitting With Plastic Bags The Final belt envisions how the transient community can recycle plastic bags and turn them into fashionable piece of clothing that they could wear or even as products that could be sold to the wider community where they occupy. This idea came from a site visit to one of a transient community in East London, and noticing the large amount of plastic bags scattered everywhere, I wondered if and how these plastic bags could be reused. This belt depicts two figures learning how to knit via a recording. Each figure is hand made with clay and vary slightly in position, so when the zoetrope spins, the figure would appear as though itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s moving. Also the still pictures would combine in the zoetrope to form a animation of how to knit.

[03]

Zoetrope- Researching into zoetroper, the history and technique A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures. It was invented in 1833 by British mathematician William George Horner. He called it the “Daedalum,” popularly translated as “the wheel of the devil”. Traditionally, a zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. Beneath the slits on the inner surface of the cylinder is a band which has either individual frames from a video/film or images from a set of sequenced drawings or photographs. As the cylinder spins the user looks through the slits at the pictures on the opposite side of the cylinder’s interior. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together so that the user sees a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, the equivalent of a motion picture. Modern versions of zoetrope are 3 dimensional, and rather than slits or mirrors, a strobing LED is used to animate the objects on the zoetrope. 3D zoetrope are much more dynamic and real life like.

First sketches of the layout of the zoetrope

Different stages of development of the zoetrope

ign

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[03.1] Zoetrope Design

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Plan and elevation of the final version of the Zoetrope. There are in total five different vulnerability protection designs, each occupy a full ring. A major intention of the zoetrope is to show social interaction between the Travelling community and the Settled community, to achieve this, each ring of the zoetrope would interact with another ring, so movement/ interaction between the different designs are emphasized. All the elements were first designed and built digitally, this is to test the exact trajectory and movement of the designs, and also how the moving objects and figures can interact with one and the other. It’s is critical to locate the exact position on the zoetrope plate of where the objects and figures will go, as they need to be in the same locations throughout the 15 frames, otherwise they animation would appear to ‘wobble’.

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Waste management System that recycles the waste generated by the transient community and turn it into source of energy

Microphone and video system that records the conversations in the communal launderette which can be played back for the younger Travellers

Waste management System that recycles the waste generated by the transient community and turn it into source of energy

Screen showsing a video how to knit

Health clinic Typology staying still for 15 frames

Mobile health attachment that increase 10% each frame

Mobile health attachment meeting the health clinic

[03.2a] Initial Zoetrope Design One

The first version of the zoetrope had a basic interpretation of the final ideas, however, it lacked the depiction of the transition between rural landscape and urban cityscape, and it did not represent the different building typologies that the journey would encounter. It had a basic health clinic facility that stays at the same scale throughout the 15 frames. Also each of the 5 belts had little interaction between them; they only operated as individual designs.

Changing rural and urban typology

[03.2b] Zoetrope Design Two The second version of the zoetrope introduces the transition between the rural landscape and urban city scape. 5 different typologies are introduced, each lasting 3 frames, this enable the viewer to see the transition process more clearly, otherwise if each of the 15 frames contain a different building typology the motion would become just a blur. The models also gets bigger as the zoetrope spins, a context pad is added around the caravan to depict the landscape that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s occupying at the time. Figures also added to interconnect each of the belts, so that the different belts start to interact with one and others, a metaphor for the interaction between the transient community and the settled community.

Mobile farm

Communal Launderette

Mobile teaching pavilion

Knitting with plastic bags

Mobile teaching pavilion

Mobile farm

Landscape context pad

Industrial/ Manufacturing Typology Industrial/ Manufacturing Typology

Modification 6

Industrial/ Manufacturing Typology

Retal/Mall Typology

Office Typology

Retal/Mall Typology

Office Typology

Housing Typology

Office Typology

Housing Typology

Health Clinic Typology

Modification 5

Health Clinic Typology Health Clinic Typology

Modification 1

Modification 2

Modification 3

Modification 4

[03.2b] Zoetrope Latest Design The latest design of the zoetrope has different elements from the previous two deigns. It continues to explore how the transition between a rural environment and an urban cityscape can be illustrated, additional building details are added, together with a stair between the lower and upper part of the zoetrope where figure from the lower part of the zoetrope would appear to walk up the stairs to reach the upper part.

[04] Zoetrope Fabrication Stage 1

After the zoetrope was built digitally, each of the laser cut and assembled to construct the zoetrope.

design variations were laser cut. In total over

Pop-up Waste Ma Management rket + Mobile Farming System Mobile Health ClinicKnitting Attachment Recycled FashionFigures Screens The third belt illustrates how the transient and settled community can benefit The Final belt howpop-up the transient community recyclefrom plastic each other, byenvisions utilising the market, which sellscan produces thebags mo-and Thethem first belt the zoetrope represents the journey community turn intooffashionable piece of clothing that theytransient could wear orThis even astakes prodbile farm wherever theenvironment transient community happened to occupy. idea to travel from a rural to an urban environment where major health ucts that could befarm soldand to the wider community where they occupy. idea came uses theare mobile pop-up market as aof social mechanism for This interacticlinics often located. To mimic the sense travelling and moving across the from a site visit to one of a transient community inconverted East London, and noticing the on and integration. In each frame, there are three caravan model the landscape, the zoetrope emphasizes the different typologies of architecture large amount two of plastic bagsrepresent scatteredmobile everywhere, I wondered if and how these represented, of these farms while the centre model recaravan would drive past on its way into the city; these include hosing typologiplastic bags bemarket. reused.AsThis belt depicts two the figures learningcaravans how to will knit via present the could popup the zoetrope spins, converted s,recording. industrial and manufacturing typologies, retail and mall typologies, officeso typaopen Each figure is hand made with clay and vary slightly in position, up; revealing the produces inside, either meat, or vegetable, and the pop-whologies and finally health typologies. Eachastypology aremoving. represented with 3 en the zoetrope spins, theasclinic figure would appear though it’s Alsomarket the still up market would appear the caravan opens. At frame nine, the pop-up models would on thecombine zoetropeinthat increase intoscale it reaches its pictures thecycle zoetrope formas a animation of destination, how to knit. the estarts to close again, and the continues. nlargement of the size of models highlight an eventual focal point, which is the The figuresthe onmobile the zoetrope the meeting communimoment health represent clinic attaches with intobetween a healthtransient clinic. And with eatychand the settled community. As shown the drawings left hand side, the figuincrease in scale, more details will beon revealed. res in yellow represent the transient community, and the figures in grey re[resent the settled community, these two will eventually meet at the pop-up market.

1200

elements were

Zoetrope Base Plate Enginnered Ply 35mm

Magnet Slots

Spindle

Table top Enginnered Ply 18mm

Engine Mounting Plate Enginnered Ply 18mm

Table top Enginnered Ply 18mm

AV Variable Power Supply

Car Screen Wiper Engine 1200 RPM

Engine Mounting Top Enginnered Ply 18mm

1-Car screen wiper testing 2- Constructing the frame of the base table 3- Wiring the strobe lighting 4- Variable Controller for the power input into motor

Table Legs 6X4 Timber Stud

[04.1] Zoetrope Fabrication Stage 2

The makeup of the base table, and the mechanical movement that power the zoetrope. To turn the base plate, we used a car screen wiper engine from a scarp car dealer. Then using a variable power supply to control the exact wattage in put into the motor, so we can control the speed of the motor.

[04.2] Zoetrope Fabrication Stage 3

The next step was to locate each of the 75 designs individually onto the zoetrope. It is critical to get each of the design/object/figure at exactly the right place; otherwise the objects/figures will wobble during the animation. To locate the position of the designs, a base plan of the zoetrope in CAD was plotted, then using a pin, each design was marked onto the base plate with a number reference so the object/figure can be easily located on the wooden base once the objects are fabricated.

[04] Zoetrope Fabrication Stage 4

Before installing the models and figures onto the zoetrope, design was given a colour that could easilt be identifieable when the zoetrope spins, then each model and figure are spray painted, and then fixed onto the base with pins or dows, some models are glued to provide additional security.

Animating the Zoetrope The zoetrope have to be animated in a completely dark space, and using a LED strip strobe light, which is linked to the lighting control programme, which can then determine the flashing speed of the strobe.

Project 02 Urban Health Corridor

1- Defining the vulnerbilities of transient communities 2- Encouraging the re-adoption of a transient/nomadic life

DARE TO CARE

For An Istant Access To Health

A supermarket that monitors your health and dietary patterns

The NHS Health Service Is Changing

To Find Out More, call 0800 01 00 01 or visit,www.nhs.uk/DareToCare/ A organic vegetable farm located above the supermarket where you can go and pick your own healthy vegetable

They are conviniently located aound your neighbourhood, in the supermarket

o2 o1

We also offer workshops and classes to children or adult who are interested in dietary requirements

Need help with your or your familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dietary problems?

A range of treatment avaliable on a same day basis

We are able to give you impartial advice on your dietary problems, before, during or after your food shopping visits, recommendations can be given based on the produces you buy

DARE TO CARE The NHS Health Service Is Changing

To Find Out More, call 0800 01 00 01 or visit,www.nhs.uk/DareToCare/

Seeing is beliving, so come and visit us

Have a hernia that need to be removed swiftly? There are no waiting list, minor operations can be carried out in a single day

For An Istant Access To Health

They are conveniently located around your neighbourhood, come and visit us when you next pop into your butchers

DARE TO CARE For An Istant Access To Health The NHS Health Service Is Changing

To Find Out More, call 0800 01 00 01 or visit,www.nhs.uk/DareToCare/ They are conviniently located aound your neighbourhood, in the gym...

The Future of Community Health Service The NHS is radically changing, for our future ambulatory health care, traditional health clinics are no longer needed. In its place, smaller, more specialised clinics would exists along side Supermarkets, butchers, beauty salons, gyms, bakery, places that forms part of our everyday experience. The goal of this is to make health service to become a process, rather than a end destination of our health, health clinics should not just treat illness in the modern age, but detect it, and even predict the onset before we become affected.

A range of treatment avaliable on a same day basis

Got a bad back? Let your community health stations take care of you. They can provide you with expedite diagnosis

Post treatment care is also avaliable, to make sure it wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t happen again

So what is changing to our health system? “We need to change the healthcare system of the country... The NHS is out of date” Shadow Health Minister, Andy Burnham

“We are changing the primary care system of the U.K... Over 100 polyclinics will serve every community in London in the next 10 years” Health Minister Andrew Lansley

[05]

Urban Health Corridor, Southwark Objective:

A more integrated system of health service that intervenes with our daily lives. Context:

The initial project is focused on the transient community, where six vulnerabilities that characterise the community as a whole was identified. Together, they have led to declining movement and migration of the population, in particular, the Irish Travelling Community, where some research suggests up to 90% of the community are now housed in settled sites or have a permanent address, therefore the whole definition of a transient community can be questioned. Thousands of years of history of nomadic living are in danger of becoming extinct. The response to this analysis was a series of strategies that encourage the community to go on the move once again, by protecting their vulnerabilities and encourage social integration through interaction with the settled community, at the same time embracing and celebrating the idea of a nomadic life.

Architectural Agenda:

The main goal of the project from now on is to rethink how we access health facilities, and to question whether health services can interact/intervene with our daily lives, rather than us just going to receive health service, can health service become a part of our everyday experience? The project aims to explore an alternative model of health services, firstly through looking at the transient community’s ability to access health services, which are designed usually to facilitate the settled community. The project will address the problem of access to health, which is the single biggest vulnerability facing travelling community . Then, the project will explore the potential benefits of a better access to health services on a larger urban scale affecting not only the transient population but across a wide range of the marginalised population who experiences difficulties in accessing health services, such as low income families, disabled community, drug-users, sex workers, illegal migrants etc. The overall scheme focuses on the following agendas which have been developed from the beginning of the year, these are:

-To improve access to health facilities and services

Urban Acute Hospital

Polyclinic

Local Surgery

The main goal of the project is to improve how communities can access health facilities, currently to register with a doctor, one must have proof of a permanent address or utility bill, this very first procedure in registering with a doctor is already posing a challenge for some the transient community, however, the biggest limiting factor for travellers to health services is the physical environment of health clinics, which many claim to be intimidating and thus the travelling community is put off going to health centres. Other than NHS funded facilities the private clinics are often expensive and are not always convenient as they are sparsely located around.

-To create a more dynamic health facility and service

Health facilities and services should be more integrated into the urban fabric and the everyday environment that we live in. Current health facilities and clinics are normally a mean to an end, we go to health clinics when we are already suffering from illness, is it possible to have a health clinic that intervenes with our health process, so that signs and signals of illness can be detected by the clinic before they appear? Health clinics should not only treat illness, but also prevent and identify sources of illness.

-To create a more intimate relationship between doctors and patients

‘Objectification’ of patients is a common and widely known phenomenon in medical science and history. What Foucault calls the “medical gaze” denote the dehumanizing medical separation of the patient’s body from the patient’s person (identity) is believed to be crucial in the teaching and practice of medicine, however, the lack of a deeper understanding of the patient’s background often means misdiagnosis and the patient are given the wrong treatment or repeated trips back to the clinic, adding unnecessary cost and time.

-To embrace and celebrate the nomadic lives of transient communities

The travelling community have led a nomadic way of living for many generations, usually harmoniously integrated with their settled counterparts. However, this harmonious relationship was possible usually when travellers were transient, and as they began to settle down, tension and friction between the two has begun to occur. Therefore, the project will seek methods in encourage the movement of transient communities once more, and develop mutual benefits between the two communities, encouraging integration through interaction.

-To integrate health services with education facilities

The traditional clinic is also a place where medicines are taught, the project will utilise this idea of teaching, to explore alternative education facilities that can facilitate travelling children.

-To recycle and capture the waste from transient communities to power the new health facilities

Many settled community complain about the waste traveller sites generate and the amount of local resources they take advantage of without paying. This often results in conflict between the two communities and impact on the integration of the transient population. However, as shown in the initial response, a majority of the waste created by the travellers can be captured and turned into potential sources of energy. This energy could be utilised to power the new health facilities.

The number and location of major acute hospitals in London. These are primary healthcare facilities where major and complex operations are taken place.

The number and location of proposed polyclinics to be built in London, The red dots indicates the existing polyclinics that have been proposed from the previous government and now are in operation. The black dots are the proposed clinics, with nearly 100 in the pipeline.

Polyclinic Typologies Urban High Street Typologies Ear Nose Thorat (ENT) Housing

Physiotherapy

Nutrition and dietetics

Day Surgery

Scans & X-ray

Rheumatology

Phamarcy

Dentistry

Urology

Emergency

Educational

Gastroenterology

Orthopaedics

Definition of programme

An Urban health corridor- polyclinic and ambulatory health services: Post oﬃces

Film and camera

Butchers

Schools

Police

Supermarket

Sweet Shop

The brief will call for an urban health corridor that will connect a transient community to a ‘polyclinic’ proposed by the NHS. The project is NOT about a hospital facility, instead, it is proposing a series of small health facility(ies) that can be integrated into the fabric of the urban typologies along this corridor, turning it into a process/sequence of health stations, rather than a single, health destination (a traditional clinic). This health facility will take precedence from the ‘polyclinic’ proposed by the British government, which is championed by the NHS to replace the local GP surgery in the near future. A polyclinic is a place where ambulatory care services, such as minor surgical and medical procedures, dental services, dermatology services, and many types of diagnostics procedures (e.g. blood tests, X-rays, endoscopy and biopsy procedures of superficial organs) and rehabilitation visits, in general, ambulatory care can be obtained without the need for an overnight stay. The polyclinic will provide easier access for the travelling community and other marginalised communities. This clinic will also have an educational aspect, but rather than the training of doctors and teaching of medicine, this clinic will facilitate children from the transient community.

The polyclinics will consist of: . Reception and registration facility . Records . Dermatorlogists . Hepatologist . Ophthalmologist . Orthopaedist . Ear Nose Throat

. Phamarcy . Educational Facilities . Psychiatrist . Low cost housing for Nurses (part of funding strategy) . Radiologist . Rheumatologist . Minor Day Surgery

Community:

The polyclinic is designed to benefit the wider community, however, it specifically targets the transient community, and it will also benefit other marginalised communities such as low income families, illegal immigrants, people with disabilities etc.

Funding: Gym/Sports complex

Electronics

Flourist

Book shop

Opticians

This urban health corridor can be realised through various public/private combination funding schemes, a particularly interesting strategy is the Building Better Health (BBH) scheme, which helps to fund NHS LIFT projects in Greater London. BBH utilises both public and private partners as a source of funding, and often combines health facilities with property investment, which mean a certain units of housing or accommodation. This is particularly interesting because this accommodation aspect can be adapted into the traveller’s community as accommodation is another vulnerability facing transient communities. However, more research is been carried out to see if BBH funding scheme is feasible for the Urban Health Corridor project.

Rheumatologist Radiologist Cardiologist

Orthopaedist Gastroenterology

Music & DVD

Pub/Bar

Radiologist

Otolaryngologist/ENT

Radiologist

Rheumatologist

Orthopaedist Cardiologist

Ophthalmologist

Records

[05.1]

Ophthalmologist

Ophthalmology

URBAN HEALTH CORRIDOR

Reception and registration

Oﬃce

Otolaryngologist/ENT

Information and IT

Gastroenterology

Radiologist

X walk

YES

Stage 1

public transport

YES do i have money?

public call phone

do i have money? registering with a local GP surgery

call local surgery to make appointment with GP

do i have a telephone/mobile phone?

public transport

NO NO

am i registered with a local GP?

YES

make a appiontment with a GP

YES

travel to surgery from home

do i have a car? YES

{

Not feeling well, first sign of skin allergy reaction

YES

do i have permanent address?

1-3 days

arriving at surgery

registering with the receptionist

form filling maybe required

walk

YES

public transport

waiting for GP

YES

assistance required

do i have money?

Stage 2

admittance

7.2 weeks

public transport consultation with GP NO arriving home

discharged from surgery

going home

do i have a car?

YES

diagnosis & prognosis

X calling hospital to make appointment for allergy test

do i have a telephone/mobile phone?

public call phone

6-8+ weeks

{

walk

consultation with doctor

public transport

admittance

medication

discharge

Legend

admittance

Actions waiting for doctor

call hospital to make appointment

public transport

Decisions YES

assistance required

NO do i have a car? YES

[05.2]

arriving at specialist hospital

registering with the receptionist

form filling maybe required

Stage 3

The interrelationship between the different components of a polyclinic

The interrelationship between the different components of a Local GP surgery

The diagram above illustrates the complex processes involved to enable one to see a specialist doctor. This was drawn from personal experience, however, the often long waiting time for an appointment with a specialist doctor, are well documented by research and is one of the biggest problems facing the NHS. Also the diagram highlights other social and economic mechanisms that could easily prevent a member of a transient community from accessing adequate health service, such as having a telephone to make an appointment, means of transport to get to the health clinic from their residence, and being able to fill out forms regarding health status.

Barriers that could prevent one from archieving next action

Relationships between the different departments in different types of health facilities

User Experience in Accessing Health Services

Can the access to health services compared to that of a medieval castle? The many different complex procedures involved to gain access to healthcare reminds one of a fortress, where it’s more about prevention than access. This prevention is also operating on two levels. Firstly, on a prerequisite level, such as when one needs a permanent address to register for a doctor, and then there’s the physical level, where health clinics are so complex it’s almost like going into a maze.

YES

do i have money?

travel to hospital from home

The (in)accessibility of Health Services

YES

do i have money for medication prescroption

pharmarcy for medication

allergy test

Reception and registration

The interrelationship between the different components of a polyclinic

Reception and registration

Admit

Records

Out-patient Clinic

Records

Dianogstics In-patient wards

Dianogstics

Laboratories

Medical

Surgery

Surgical

Scans & X-ray

Phyciatric

Morgue

Dianogstics Out-patient

Laboratories

Out-patient Clinic

Surgery

Emergency

Phamarcy

Discharge

Scans & X-ray

Out-patient

Out-patient Clinic Emergency

P.M.E.R

PMER Phamarcy Discharge Discharge

Post hospital care

Phamarcy

Discharge

[05.3]

Site Analysis- Why in Peckham? Peckham is the chosen site where the Urban Health Corridor will be proposed. Many factors were considered when deciding on the site, but essentially the reasons why Peckham was chosen are due to: - Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s high level of BME (Black and Minority Ethnic) community, in fact it has the highest level of BME in London, this include a large proportion of Transient communities, which there are currently 4 legally occupied Travellers sites in the borough. - It has a low health and access to health level. Peckham is part of the London borough of Southwark, which has one of the lowest life expectancies in the city, and its local population are considered to be generally less healthy than the UK average. - It has a high poverty level. Southwark, in particular Peckham, is rated as one of the most deprived areas of the city of London, and in the country overall. - It has a poor education level. Truancy figures are higher than the national average and the achievement results of local schools are below the national average. However, Peckham is situated a strategic area close of the financial centres of the city, the highly multicultural background of the local population give the area a very distinctive appearance and feel, the high street is full of thriving small business owned by the local community that reflects the diversity of the population, it is this in particular that I would like to develop as my architectural language.

Conflict & Clash Southwark has some of the most expensive estate in the city of London, the bankside, home to the Tate modern which receives millions of international tourists a year, and a multitude of finance and corporate headquarters, that are just a stone throw away from Peckham, which is rated as one of the most deprived areas of the city.

Vs.

Peckham Road and High Street is full is colourful, successful small businesses that are owned by the local community, the appearance of the areas highly reflects the cultural diversity of the local population.

Map 3

The percentage of pupils aged 15 in each London borough achieving ﬁve or more A*- C grade GCSEs or equivalent

London Unemployment rate

Enfield

Barnet

Hillingdon

Waltham Forest

Camden Islington Hackney City of Westminster

Ealing

City

Tower Hamlets

Newham

Barking and Dagenham

Greenwich Lambeth

Hammersmith and Fulham

Wandsworth

6.7 to 10.0 5.2 to 6.6

Southwark

less than 5.2

Percentage pupils aged 15 achieving 5+ A* to C grade GCSEs or equivalent Bromley

Sutton

(110)

Trend 3 compares rates of early death from cancer (in people under 75) in this local authority with those for England.

Lewisha m

Merton

Unemployment rates (%) Persons aged 16 – 74 10 or more

Bexley

Kingsto n upon Thames

Kensington and Chelsea

Trend 2 compares rates of early death from heart disease and stroke (in people under 75) in this local authority with those for England.

Croydon

50.0 to 59.9

(10)

40.0 to 49.9

(12)

less than 40.0 (6)

(171)

not applicable (1)

(110) (234)

Southwark

Average unemployment rates (%) London = 6.7 England = 5.2

1000

Health Analysis in Peckham, Southwark

900 800 700 600 500 400 300 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 M en: Women:

England England

Years

Southwark Southwark

175 155 135 115 95 75 55 35 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

60%

195 175 155 135 115 95 75 55 35 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Years England

Years

Southwark

England

Southwark

Health inequalities: Deprivation Deprivation ethnicity chart compares the percentage of children in each ethnic groupand who eligible for free school meals (2008). Eligibility ThisThis chart shows the proportion of residents within England, the region theare local authority living in neighbourhoods freeto school meals is an indicator of deprivation, and These people who and suffer deprivation tendintoall have poorerareas health. Thisfor chart shows proportion of residents within England, the region themore local authority living neighbourhoods belonging eachthe of the five national deprivation quintiles. quintiles were derived by arranging the small Comparing deprivation bynational group helpsorder identify potential inequalities between groups. belonging to each of the five deprivation quintiles. These quintiles were derived by all Multiple the small areas (Lower Super Output Areas) inethnic England in rank according to health the deprivation scores in arranging thethe Index of Deprivation (Lower Super Output Areas) in England in rank order according to the deprivation scores in the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 and 45 dividing them into five equal groupings. The resident numbers are based on the 2005 population figures. 2007 and dividing them into five equal groupings. The resident numbers are based on the 2005 population figures. England 100 40 100 90 35 90 30 80 80 25 70 70 20 60 60 15 50 50 10 40 40 5 30 30 0

Southwark 1 - least deprived quintile 1 - least deprived quintile 2 2 3 3 4 Ethnic % 4 5 - most deprived quintile Groups eligible 5 - most deprived quintile

%% residents residents

Percentage

Adult ill health

Infant mortality

20 20 10 10

White

Mixed

Asian

Black

95% confidence intervals are shown for local authority data

0 0

England Health inequalities: England changes over time

London London

Chinese & other ethnic groups

www.healthprofiles.info Southwark Southwark

Number eligible

White 28.8 2,090 Residents Residents QuintileMixed Residents 35.1Residents 710 % Number Quintile % Number 1 Asian 0.8 32.7 2,130370 1 0.8 2,130 3,430 2 Black 4.5 31.6 11,769 2 4.5 11,769 Chinese/other 3 10.3 35.8 27,087540 3 10.3 27,087 All rounded to the72,315 nearest 10. 4 numbers are27.4 Where the total27.4 school population in an ethnic 4 72,315 group authority is less than 30, or the 5 in the local 57.1 150,732 number eligible57.1 is less than 5,150,732 the table shows 5 n/a. All 100.0 264,033 All 100.0 264,033Southwark Southwark Southwark

Age-standardised rate/100,000 population

Trend 1: These trend inequalities: graphs show how changes in health for this Health All age, all cause mortality Health inequalities: local authority compare with changes for the whole of life expectancy 1300 England. Data points are mid-points of 3 year moving life expectancy 1200 averages of annual rates e.g. 1997 represents the 3 1100 This chart1996-98. shows the life expectancy at birth for males and females (2003-2007) within the local authority by national year period This chart shows the life expectancy males and females (2003-2007) within the authorityfigures by national 1000 deprivation quintiles. Note the figuresatinbirth this for chart are based on data for five years. The lifelocal expectancy presented in deprivation quintiles.chart Noteare thebased figuresonindata this chart are based on data for 900 five years. The life expectancy figures presented in the health summary three Trend 1 compares death rates (at all ages and for from all years. 800 the health summary chart are based on data for three years. causes) in this local authority with those for England. 110 700 110

500 400 300

100

Trend 395 compares rates of early death from cancer (in 95 people under 75) in this local authority with those for England. 90 90

M e n: Women:

1997 1998

England England

1 - least deprived quintile 1 - least deprived quintile 2 2 3 3 19994 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 4 5 - most deprived quintile Years M en: deprived Southwark 5 - most quintile Women:

2005 2006

Southwark

Male Female Quintile Male Female Years Years Quintile Trend 3: Years Years 1 86.5 n/a Early death rates from cancer 1 86.5 n/a 215 2 83.3 85.1 195 2 83.3 85.1 175 3 79.4 83.6 3 79.4 83.6 155 4 77.6 83.7 135 4 77.6 83.7 115 5 74.7 80.3 95 5 74.7 80.3 75 All 76.2 81.4 M F M F M F 55 All 76.2 81.4 M F M F M F 35 Southwark Quintile 4 Quintile 5 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2003 2004 32005Quintile 2006 Southwark Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 Where the total male or female population (2003-

Trend 85 2: 85 Early death rates from heart disease and stroke Age-standardised rate/100,000 population

Adult mortality

600

Underage conception

80 215 80

195

75 175 75

155

135 70

70 115 95 65

65 75 55 60 35 60

Quintile 1 2000 Quintile 2 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Age-standardised rate/100,000 population

Southwark

Life Life expectancy expectancy at at birth birth (years) (years)

Trend 105 2 compares rates of early death from heart 105 disease and stroke (in people under 75) in this local 100with those for England. authority

F = Females M = Males Years Years Whereisthe total male or female 2007) less than 5,000 the life population expectancy(2003F =ofFemales M =indicate Males 95% confidence interval. These the level uncertainty about each value on the graph. England England Southwark Southwark 2007) isare less 5,000 the life expectancy figures notthan shown (n/a). Longer/wider intervals mean more uncertainty. 95% confidence interval. These indicate the level of uncertainty about each value on the graph. figures are not shown (n/a). Longer/wider intervals mean more uncertainty. Southwark © Crown Copyright 2009 Southwark © Crown Copyright 2009

www.healthprofiles.info www.healthprofiles.info

Health inequalities: ethnicity

This chart compares the percentage of children in each ethnic group who are eligible for free school meals (2008). Eligibility for free school meals is an indicator of deprivation, and people who suffer more deprivation tend to have poorer health. Comparing deprivation by ethnic group helps identify potential health inequalities between the groups. 45

England

Southwark

Percentage

Ethnic Groups

28.8 35.1

710

Asian

32.7

370

Black

31.6

3,430

Chinese/other

35.8

540

Mixed

Asian

Black

2,090

White Mixed

Southwark

Number eligible

15 10

Southwark

% eligible

White

The NHS conducted annual public health report found that the health of people in Southwark is worse than the England average. Life expectancy in men is lower than for England as a whole, and the rates of infant death and deaths from smoking, and levels of violent crime and drug misuse are all higher than average. There are health inequalities within Southwark. Nearly of residents live in areas classified as being in the fifth most deprived areas in England. Life expectancy, especially for men, is shorter in these areas than other less deprived parts of the borough. In the past ten years, death rates for all causes combined have improved for men and women. The rate for women is now similar to the national average. Rates have fallen for early deaths from cancer, as well as from heart disease and stroke, but the latter remain higher than the English average.

215

195

Notes: 1 The bands have been raised from those of earlier years to take account of higher success rates. 2 The provisional figures normally differ little from the final results.

1100

Trend 3: Early death rates from cancer

215

60.0 and over (4)

1200

M e n: Women:

Trend 2: Early death rates from heart disease and stroke Age-standardised rate/100,000 population

Richmond upon Thames

1300

Trend 1 compares death rates (at all ages and from all causes) in this local authority with those for England.

Southwark Hounslow

Trend 1: All age, all cause mortality

These trend graphs show how changes in health for this local authority compare with changes for the whole of England. Data points are mid-points of 3 year moving averages of annual rates e.g. 1997 represents the 3 year period 1996-98.

Havering

Brent

[05.4]

Health inequalities: changes over time

Redbridge

Age-standardised rate/100,000 population

Haringey

Age-standardised rate/100,000 population

Harrow

Chinese & other ethnic groups

www.healthprofiles.info

All numbers are rounded to the nearest 10. Where the total school population in an ethnic group in the local authority is less than 30, or the number eligible is less than 5, the table shows n/a. Southwark

Southwark has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in England, however levels of smoking in pregnancy and breast feeding initiation are better in Southwark than the England average. The proportion of children living in poverty, GCSE achievement and level of childhood obesity are worse than average.

Site 1Burhill close

Site 2Bridesdale close

Site 3Ilderton road

Site 4 Spring tide close

London Bourough of Southwark, sitemap

[05.4]

0.98km 0.722km

Possible sites 1.43 km 2.57 km

Proposed Lister Polyclinic

Site 2Bridesdale close

Site 4Spring tide close

Site 3Ilderton road

Site 1Burhill close

The bourough of Southwark has one of the largest ethnic minority populations in London, including transient communities such as Irish travellers, gypsy travellers, new age travellers etc. There are curently 4 travellerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sites in Southwark that the transient community can legally occupy, but the waiting list are long and usually ardourous. The health and education access rate of enthinic minority population in Southwark is one of the lowest in Lodon, this presents an opportunity to explore and develop an alternative model of health care and education.

14 13 8

12 3 9

6 2 10

7 4

B 5 11

Legend 1. Peckham High Street 2. Peckham Bus Station 3. Peckham Space 4. Gaumont house 5. Peckham Police Station 6. Peckham Tesco 7. Purdon House Estate 8. Melon Road 9. Peckham Hill Street 10. Mamont Road 11. Meeting House Lane 12. Rye Lane 13. Bellenden Road 14. Lyndhurst Way 15. StaďŹ&#x20AC;ordshire Road 16. Empty plot 0m

20m

10m

100m 50m

[05.5] Site Plans

Left, an overview plan of Peckham, and the location of the proposed urban corridor, in relation to the rest of Peckham and Southwark.

Central London

Peckham Creative Space Fitness Centre

Peckham Libary

[05.5] Site Analysis

A panoramic view of the Eastern end of the site, showing Peckham High Street, the empty plot of land next to the police station, and where the Travelling community currently occupy.

Morrison Supermarket

Peckham Bus Terminus

Peckham High Street

Current site occupied by Travellers

Peckham Police Station

“More Traveller, more power!”

The Furture of Community Health Service Sketch Section Proposal-

Wireless Inductive Charging

Dietaory Clinic located inside the mobile farm

Sunlight

Sun light reﬂection roof help concentrate natural UV light into the sun booths

The organic waste materials from the caravan are used to generate compost, then used to sustain the mobile farm that grows vegetable for the supermarket underneath.

‘Cableravan’ Infrasturcture

A cable car system inter-connects all the diﬀerent departments of the health corridor.

Minor Operation Theatre Recouperation Space

Sun bed booth, for treating skin disoders

BUTCHERS

Doctor Fish foot and body bath

M MORRISON + DIETICIAN

Energy from the caravan’s waste are used by the minor operation theatre

Peckham High Street

Existing Butchers Store

Existing Beauty Salon

Beauty Salon X Dermertology Clinic

Butchers X Minor Operations Surgery

Combining with the beauty salon, the dermetorlogy clinic would be harnessing natural UV lights to treat skin disorders.

Above the butchers shop is a day clinic where minor operations can be carried out. The services range from removing moles and cyst, stitching, and burn treatments. Both a minor operations clinic and a butchers share a similarity in that they are both dealing with anatomy and ﬂesh of human and animal. Next to the operating theatre is the recuperation room where patient can be monitored after surgery.

Mobile Farm X Dietician Located above the supermarket, is a mobile farm set up and run by the Travellers. They utilise their organic waste which they turn into rich and fertile compost to supply the farm with. The vegetable and fruit grown in the mobile farm would be sent down to the supermarket ﬂoor when harvested. This would not only reduce the cost of the food available, the food the local community would also be buying produce grown right on their door steps. Combined with the mobile farm, is a dietician clinic, a dietician would be able to keep a records of the shoppers buying habits, and advices on their dietary problems. The reason for situating a dietician clinic together with the mobile farm is to promote a healthy and balanced diet to the patients to the clinic.

Traveller Community Power Station

D Sketches of the dietician and mobile farm situated above the local supermarket

To power all the diﬀerent health facilities along the urban health corridor, the scheme proposes to utilise transient communities and their caravans as a mean of generating power. To generate the power needed, the power station would collect all the organic waste materials disposed by the Travellers, these include food waste and human waste. Then methane can be extracted from these organic waste in bio-gas tanks, which is then used to power the generators. So more Travellers occupy the power station, the more power can be generated.

The energy produced by the Traveller community power station would be stored and distributed to the diﬀerent health stations along the health corridor via inductive charging. Inductive charging can transfer energy (electricity) between two sources wirellessly.