Pronunciation Guide -ed ending If the verb base ends with:
It adds: Examples:
An alveolar plosive, i.e. / d / or / t /
/ ɪd /
started ['sta:tid] wanted [‘wɒntɪd]
A voiceless sound ( except /t/, i.e. /p/, /k/, /f/, /ʃ/,/s/, /ʧ/, /θ/
/t/
watched [wɒʧt], stopped ['stɒpt] pushed ['puʃt ]
Any other sounds including vowels:
/d/
lived ['lɪvd ], saved ['seivd]
ʌ
loved [l vd], enjoy [in’ʤᴐid ] married [mærɪd ]
Note: Voiced Sounds (vibration of the vocal cords): / b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, / δ /,/ z/, /ʒ/, /ʤ/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /w/ and all the vowel sounds. Voiceless Sounds (no vibration of the vocal cords): / p /, /t/, /k /, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /ʧ/, /h/.
3rd Person Singular Present Tense and Plurals If the verb base ends with:
It adds:
Examples:
An Alveolar sibilant: i.e. /s/, /z/, /ʃ /, /z/, /ʧ /, /ʤ/
/ɪz /
house ['hausiz ], churches ['ʧə:ʧiz]
ʌ
rushes['r ʃiz] A voiceless sound (except sibilants, i.e. /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/
/s/
any other sound, including vowels
/z/
stops [ 'stɒps ], skates ['skeits], laughs [' la:fs ]
ʌz
does ['d ], dogs ['dɒgz], stoves ['stəәʊvz]