This month in history Ivan the Terrible, the first Tsar of Russia, was born on 25 August, 1530.
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Saturday, August 5, 2017 vol. 255 復北店：臺北市 10476 復興北路 386 號 電話：(02)2500-6600 傳真：(02)2506-4000 重南店：臺北市 10045 重慶南路 1 段 61 號 電話：(02)2361-7511 傳真：(02)2361-3355
Taiwan’s Parents Spend Fifth Most on Education Worldwide Parents in Taiwan spent an average of US$56,424 per child for their education, well above the global average of US$44,221. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
When it comes to their children, parents around the world have no hesitation in investing in their education. But how much are they willing to spend on this? A recent analysis by HSBC took a closer look at this question, and the conclusion indicates that Taiwanese parents spend the fifth most in the world in educating their children. More than 8,000 parents from fifteen countries took part in the survey, and the parents were inquired about their spending on tuition, school transportation, accommodations and other fees. The results showed that parents in Hong Kong spend the most on their children’s education, with an average of US$132,161 per child. Parents from the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, and the United States came next, followed by Taiwan in fifth place with an average of US$56,424 per child. On average, parents around the world spend US$44,221 on their children’s education. In terms of private educations, 75 percent of Taiwanese parents say that they have paid for private tuition for their children. As for digital learning, 67 percent of Taiwanese parents say that an online degree for their children could be an option. Taiwanese parents also seem to be in favor of further education, with 93 percent saying that they would consider graduate studies for their children. “In today’s highly competitive global job market, education for young people has never been more important. Parents across the world appreciate this and are willing to invest time and money to help their children get the best
“In today’s highly competitive global job market, education for young people has never been more important.”
start in life,” said Charlie Nunn, HSBC’s Head of Wealth Management. “Paying for their child’s education is most likely to be parents’ biggest financial commitment, above others such as mortgage or rent payments and household bills.”
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) A short history of education in Taiwan. (B) The amounts that governments spend on education around the world. (C) How much parents in Taiwan spend on their children’s education. (D) New educational systems is introduced in Taiwan.
(
) 2. What is the average amount of money parents in Taiwan spend on their children’s education, per child? (A) US$132,161
(
(B) US$56,424
(C) US$44,000
(D) US$18,000
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) Many parents in Taiwan pay for private tuition for their children. (B) Over half the Taiwanese parents surveyed support online learning. (C) More than 90 percent of Taiwanese parents would consider graduate studies for their children. (D) Education has never really been important to Taiwanese parents.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. hesitation [] n. [U][C]猶豫
8. option [] n. [C] 選擇 SYN choice
2. analysis [] n. [U][C] 分析
9. graduate [] adj. (only before noun)
3. inquire vi., vt. 詢問 SYN ask
研究生的
4. tuition n. [U] 學費，指導
10. competitive adj. 競爭的
5. accommodation n. [C] (pl.)
11. commitment n. [C] 義務，必
住處 6. in terms of [] phr. 在…方面 7. degree [] n. [C] 學位
須做的事 12. household adj. (only before noun) 家庭的
Words for Recognition 1. HSBCn. 滙豐銀行
3. Singapore [] n. 新加坡
2. United Arab Emirates
4. mortgage [] n. [C] 房屋貸款
[] n. (UAE) 阿拉 伯聯合大公國
Riddle of the Day: the Bridge Puzzle You are crossing a bridge at night to escape from the zombies. You have only one torch to light the way. You can make the crossing in 1 minute; the Assistant can do it in 2; the Janitor takes 5; and the Professor takes 10. The bridge can only hold 2 people at a time. When two people cross the bridge together, they must move at the slower person’s pace. How can you help everyone escape in 17 minutes before the zombies catch up? Search #sanminnewspuzzle255 on Facebook to find out!
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A Massive Fine from EU for Google European antitrust officials accuse the company of favoring some of its own digital services over those of its rivals.
by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
Although the motto of Google’s code of conduct is “Do the right thing,” officials in the European Union (EU) have accused the company of some
1
practices. In fact,
the technology company has already been fined several times in Europe. Google’s problems began in April of 2016 when the EU charged Google with preventing competition in the smartphone market. EU officials stated that Google, being the leading company in this market, __2__ to
Antitrust officials of the EU have accused Google of Android violations.
keep others from competing and gaining market share. Google reportedly
3
its partners to install
Insert caption here insert caption here insert caption here insert
Google Search and Google Chrome on their smartphones in order to have full access to the Google Play c
a
p
t
i
o
n
.
store app. Google has also been accused of paying some Android device makers to install Google Search on their phones. A year later, Google was fined 8 million US dollars for similar practices in Russia. It was also ordered that google
4
other search engines to be used on Android. Then, in June 2017, EU officials fined Google a
massive 2.7 billion for using the Google search engine to make Google Shopping more popular. This fine was the largest in the company’s history. the EU has assembled a panel of experts to look into even more of Google’s business practices in Europe. In addition, concerns about privacy have already caused problems for Google in Germany and France, and a new EU law in 2018 will make it possible to fine technology companies for privacy violations. Margrethe Vestager, EU Commissioner for Competition said, “What Google has done is illegal __5__ EU antitrust rules. It denied other companies the chance to compete on the merits and to innovate.”
Fill in the Blanks (A) attempted
(B) required
(C) allow
(D) under
(E) improper
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
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Vocabulary and Phrases 1. motto [] n. [C] 座右銘
7. search engine [ ] n. [C] 搜尋引擎
2. improper [] adj. 不正當的
8. assemble [] vt. 集合，聚集
3. fine vt. 處…以罰款
9. panel n. [C] 專家小組
4. attempt vt. 企圖
10. privacy n. [U] 隱私權
5. install vt. 安裝
11. violation n. [U][C] 違反，違背
6. app n. [C] (=application) 應用程式
12. innovate vi.; vt.改革，創新
Words for Recognition 1. antitrust [] adj. (only before noun) 反壟斷的
5. Google Play [] n. Android 作業系統 的官方應用商店
2. code of conduct [] n. 行
6. Android [] n. 安卓作業系統 7. Margrethe Vestager n. 瑪格麗特·維斯塔格，
為準則 3. reportedly [] adv. 據傳聞，據稱 4. Google Chrome [] n. Google 開發
為歐盟競爭事務專員 8. commissioner [] n. 委員，專員
的網頁瀏覽器
MOVIE INSIDER
Photo: Twentieth Century Fox Taiwan
Photo: Twentieth Century Fox Taiwan
Kingsman: the Golden Circle 《金牌特務：機密對決》 When the Kingsman headquarters are destroyed and the world is held hostage, their journey leads them to the discovery of Statesman in the US, an allied spy organization dating back to the day these two elite secret organizations were founded. In an adventure that tests the agents’ strength and wits to the limit, the two band together to defeat their common enemy in order to save the world. (by Twentieth Century Fox) Trailer: youtu.be/0fvqnGmr9S8
閱讀測驗解答：1. C 2. B 3.D 綜合測驗解答：1. E 2. A 3. B
4. C 5. D
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Translation
台灣家長的子女教育支出居全球第五 台灣家長投資子女教育，一個小孩平均達 56,424 美元，遠高於全球平均 44,221 美元。 全球各地的父母投資小孩教育都不手軟，但他們願意為此花多少錢？匯豐銀行集團最近進一 步關注這個問題，分析結果指出，台灣家長在子女教育支出上排名全球第五。 來自 15 國逾 8 千名家長參與這份調查，詢問的問題包括他們在學費、上學通勤、食宿，以及 其他雜項的支出。調查結果顯示，香港家長在子女教育上花最多錢，每個小孩平均花費 132,161 美 元。阿拉伯聯合大公國、新加坡和美國的家長居次，緊接著是台灣家長，以 56,424 美元排第五。平 均而言，全球家長花在每名子女身上的教育費是 44,221 美元。 在私人辦學方面，75%的台灣家長說他們曾為子女支付私立學校費用。至於數位學習，67%的 台灣家長說線上學位可以是一個選擇。台灣家長似乎也偏好深造，93%說會考慮讓子女唸研究所。 匯豐財富管理部門主管努恩說：「在今日高度競爭的全球就業市場，年輕人的教育比以往更為 重要。全球各地的家長都了解此事，願意投入時間和金錢，協助子女的人生取得最佳起點。為子女 教育埋單很可能是家長最大的財務負擔，遠高於其他如房貸或房租，以及家庭帳單。」
谷歌遭歐盟罰鉅款 歐盟反托拉斯官員聲稱，谷歌偏袒多項自家公司的數位服務，未公平對待競爭對手的類似服務。 儘管谷歌行事準則的座右銘是「做對的事」，但歐盟官員指控該公司有不當作為。事實上，這 家科技公司在歐洲已經被罰了好幾次。 谷歌的問題始自 2016 年 4 月遭歐盟指控防礙智慧手機市場公平競爭。歐盟官員說，谷歌身為 市場領導廠商，卻試圖阻止競爭，獨占市場。據傳谷歌要求合作夥伴安裝谷歌搜索引擎和谷歌瀏覽 器，以便完整取用谷歌 play 商店的應用程式。谷歌更是被控付費給部分 Android 裝置廠商，讓他們 在自家手機上預先安裝谷歌搜尋引擎。 一年後，谷歌在俄羅斯因類似行徑被罰 800 萬美元。俄國也下令 Google 開放 Android 裝置使 用其他搜尋引擎。接著，2017 年 6 月，歐盟官員以谷歌搜尋結果偏袒自家網購服務，開罰 27 億美 元鉅款。這是該公司歷來最大一張罰單。 歐盟已組成專家小組，檢視更多谷歌在歐洲的業務。此外，谷歌在德國和法國都遇上隱私權的 爭議，而歐盟 2018 年新法將可因違反隱私權開罰科技業者。 歐盟競爭事務專員維斯塔格說：「谷歌作法違反歐盟反托拉斯規定。這樣的行為剝奪其他公司 以實力競爭和創新的機會。」
三民東大學習網 grandeast.com.tw/English/
This month in history Like us on Mother Teresa, who spent her life helping the sick and the poor of India, was born on August 26, 1910. @SanminEnglishEditor
Download Scan to download the full-color PDF and translation. Sunday, August 20, 2017 vol. 256
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復北店：10476 臺北市復興北路 386 號 電話：(02)2500-6600 傳真：(02)2506-4000 重南店：10045 臺北市重慶南路 1 段 61 號 電話：(02)2361-7511 傳真：(02)2361-7711
Weather Becomes More Extreme As Temperatures Rise An increase of 0.5 degrees Celsius in average temperature is enough to cause extreme weather more frequently and possibly the extinction of some coral reefs. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
With industrialization and burning fossil fuels, global warming started slowly in the early 19th century but has rapidly accelerated over the last 50 years. According to weather researchers, an increase of half a degree Celsius in average temperature really does matter, and it has led to heat waves and extreme rainfalls around the globe. Researchers compared the weather of two periods—1960 to 1979 and 1991 to 2010—and found that the temperature rose by 0.5°C on average. This average increase over the world can mean so much more in some regions, where the hottest temperature in summer has risen by more than 1°C and the coldest winter is now 2.5°C warmer. This increase in temperature has boosted many types of extreme weather in duration and intensity. Across a quarter of the globe, intense precipitation grew nearly 10 percent. This causes destructive flooding in places that had not been flooded for centuries. Crop failure is becoming more severe, and governments are struggling to find ways to shed excess water and protect people’s homes and businesses. Periods of extremely hot weather is extended by a week in half the lands across the world. In addition to increasing the risks of forest fires, water shortage, and famine, it also causes discomfort to people. Heat waves can lead to health problems and even death, and they hit vulnerable groups such as children and senior citizens especially hard. If we hold the temperature rise to 1.5°C, there is a chance that coral reefs can survive and adapt to the high temperatures and acidity of the seas. However, an extra half degree would lead to the extinction of most reefs by the end of the century.
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Reading Comprehension (
) 1. According to the passage, how much did the temperature increase on average between the two periods the researchers have studied? (A) Half a degree. (C) A quarter of a degree.
(
(
(B) More than one degree. (D) One and a half degrees.
) 2. Who is more likely to meet health problems during a heat wave? (A) Fire fighters.
(B) Health care providers.
(C) Children and old people.
(D) Government workers.
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) If the temperature continues to rise, most coral reefs may face extinction. (B) Forest fires and water shortage accelerate global warming. (C) The increase of average temperatures has led to more serious weather conditions. (D) The lowest temperature in winter is two and a half degrees higher than before in some regions.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. fossil fuel [φΑσΛ φϕυ1λ] n. [C][U] 化石燃料
7. destructive [δΙστρ⊥κτΙϖ] adj. 毀滅性的
2. accelerate [8κσΕλ1&ρετ] vi.; vt. 加速
8. severe [σ1ϖΙρ] adj. 十分嚴重的
3. rainfall [ρεν&φΟλ] n. [C][U] 降雨量
9. excess [ΙkσΕσ] adj. (only before noun) 過量的
4. boost [βυστ] vt. 促進
10. shortage [ΣΟρτΙδΖ] n. [U][C] 短缺，不足
5. duration [δϕ5ρεΣ1ν] n. [U] 持續時間
11. famine [φ8µΙν] n. [U][C] 饑荒
6. intensity [ΙντΕνσ1τΙ] n. [U] 強烈，劇烈
12. vulnerable [ϖ⊥λν1ρ1βΛ] adj. 脆弱的
intense [ΙντΕνσ] adj. 強烈的 SYN extreme
13. coral reef [κΟρ1λ ριφ] n. [C] 珊瑚礁
Words for Recognition 1. extinction [ΙκστΙ9κΣ1ν] n. [U] 滅絕，絕種
3. heat wave [`ηιτωεϖ] n. [C] 熱浪，酷熱期
2. industrialization [Ιν&δ⊥στρΙ1λ1ζεΣ1ν] n. [U]
4. precipitation [πρΙ&σΙπ1τεΣ1ν] n. [U] 降水
工業化
5. acidity [1σΙδ1τΙ] n. [U] 酸度
More on global warming… A decade after An Inconvenient Truth brought people’s attention to climate change, An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power shows just how close we are to a real energy revolution. Former Vice President of the United States Al Gore continues to put effort into influencing international climate policy and persuading leaders to invest in renewable energy. Cameras follow him as he pursues the inspirational idea that humans can overcome the danger of global warming with ingenuity and passion. Photo: Paramount Pictures
Trailer: youtu.be/huX1bmfdkyA or scan the movie poster with COCOAR2.
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Social Media Causes Fear and Anxiety in Young People As bullying moves from real life to the Internet, one in three teenagers said they were afraid of being cyberbullied. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Nowadays,
online
interactions
can
greatly affect one’s image, and youngsters spend a lot of time and effort __1__ the impressions they want to present to the world on the Internet. A research by Ditch the Label, an anti-bullying charity, suggests social media and cyberbullying are the source of anxiety for youngsters. More than 10,000 people aged 12 to 20 took part in the survey, with nearly 70 percent of them confessing to having said mean words to another person online, and 17 percent claiming to have been bullied online. According to the results, 40 percent said they would feel upset if nobody liked their selfies, and 35 percent said their confidence was __2__ to the followers they had. As more and more people judged a person by the life he or she led online, 47 percent of the teenagers __3__ discussing negative things in their lives on social media. Instead, many preferred presenting an edited version of their lives. “There is a trend __4__ people augmenting their personalities online and not showing the reality,” said Liam Hackett, Ditch the Label’s chief executive. “Not only is the Internet redefining the climate of bullying, but also it is having clear impacts upon the identity, behaviors, and personality of its young users.” Anne Longfield, the children’s commissioner for England, called for “compulsory digital citizenship classes” in schools and suggested that a government organization be established to help cyberbullied children. One expert also pointed out that adults and teens __5__ should think about their usage of social networks, and
Not only is the Internet redefining the climate of bullying, but also it is having clear impacts upon the identity, behaviors, and personality of its young users.
that there is more to life than the glossy pictures on the Internet.
Fill in the Blanks (A) connected
(B) towards
(C) cultivating
(D) alike
(E) avoided
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
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Vocabulary and Phrases 1. anxiety [89ζαΙ1τΙ] n. [U][C] 焦慮
8. edit [ΕδΙτ] vt. 編輯，剪輯
2. bully [β5λΙ] vt. 霸凌，欺凌
9. version [ϖ3Ζ1ν] n. [C] 版本，說法
cyberbully [σαΙβ2∋β5λΙ] vt. 網路霸凌
10. climate [κλαΙµΙτ] n. [C]風氣，趨勢
3. interaction [&Ιντ28κΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 互動
11. impact [Ιµπ8κτ] n. [C] 巨大影響
4. cultivate [κ⊥λτ1&ϖετ] vt. 建立，培養
12. identity [αΙδΕντ1τΙ] n. [U] 身分認同
5. impression [ΙµπρΕΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 印象
13. behavior [βΙηεϖϕ2] n. [C] 行為模式，習性
6. charity [`τΣ8ρ1τΙ] n. [C] 慈善組織
14. usage [ϕυσΙδΖ] n. [U] 使用，用法
7. confess [κ1νφΕσ] vi.; vt. 承認 SYN admit
Words for Recognition 1. selfie [σΕλφι] n. [C] 自拍照
5. compulsory [κ1µπ⊥λσ1ρΙ] adj. 義務的
2. follower [φΑλ1ω2] n. [C] (社群網路)追蹤者
6. citizenship [σΙτ1ζΝ&ΣΙπ] n. [U] 公民身分或義 務
3. augment [ΟΓµΕντ] vt. 擴大，加強 4. redefine [&ριδΙφαΙν] vt. 重新定義
7. glossy [ΓλΟσΙ] adj. 虛有其表的
Music to Your Ears Placebo – Too Many Friends Can you have too many friends? What is the definition
Scan with COCOAR2 for the music video!
of “friendship” today? “Too Many Friends” is a song by the alternative rock band Placebo, included in their album Loud Like Love. When Placebo’s lead singer Brian Molko heard his friends talking about having to stop taking friend requests due to having too many friends on the Internet, he started to wonder how the virtual world affected the way we interact with each other. The song depicts disconnection and loneliness of the
Photo: PlaceboVEVO
modern world, where people are much closer to friends on the Internet than to people in the real world. Music video: youtu.be/p21YfobjaVA
閱讀測驗解答：1. A 2. C 綜合測驗解答：1. C 2. A
3. B 3. E
4. B
5. D
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Translation
氣溫上升，氣候更極端 平均氣溫升高攝氏 0.5 度就足以造成極端氣候更常發生，並可能導致部分珊瑚礁滅絕。 由於工業化和燃燒化石燃料，全球暖化於 19 世紀初期漸漸開始，但在過去 50 年間急遽加 速。根據氣象研究者所說，平均氣溫升高攝氏 0.5 度事關緊要，而且已經導致全球熱浪和極端降 雨。 研究人員比較 1960 到 1979 年、1991 到 2010 年兩個時期的氣候，發現氣溫已平均升高攝氏 0.5 度。對某些地區來說，這不僅僅是升溫而已，那些地區的夏季最高溫上升逾攝氏 1 度，而冬季 的最低溫現在暖和了攝氏 2.5 度。氣溫升高已促成各種極端氣候更持久而且更劇烈。 在全球四分之一區域，強烈降雨增加近 10%。這在數世紀以來沒有淹過水的地區都造成毀滅 性洪災。農穫歉收變得更嚴重，各國政府正苦於找出解決過多的降水、保護民眾家園和商家的方 法。 極端炎熱氣候期間在全球一半的地區延長了一週之多。除了增加森林大火、缺水和饑荒的風 險外，也造成人類不適。熱浪會導致健康問題甚至致命，並尤其衝擊弱勢群體，如孩童及老人。 如果我們將升溫控制在攝氏 1.5 度，珊瑚礁還有機會存活下來，適應海水高溫和酸度。然 而，再升高攝氏 0.5 度，則將在本世紀結束前導致大部分珊瑚礁滅絕。
社群媒體造成年輕人憂心焦慮 當霸凌從現實生活搬到網際網路，每三個青少年就有一個害怕受到網路霸凌。 今日，線上互動大大地影響一個人的形象，而青少年花大量時間及精力，經營他們想在網路 上想對世界呈現出來的印象。反霸凌慈善組織「撕掉標籤」的研究顯示，社群媒體和網路霸凌是 青少年焦慮來源。 逾 1 萬名 12 至 20 歲間的人參與這項調查，其中近 70%的人承認曾在網路上對另一個人說過 惡毒的話，而 17%的人聲稱曾遭受網路霸凌。根據調查結果，40%的人會因為沒人對他們的自拍 照按讚感到沮喪，35%的人說他們的自信與擁有的追蹤人數有關。隨著愈來愈多人藉由在網路上 的生活來評斷一個人，47%的青少年會避免在社群媒體上討論他們生活中負面的事情。許多人煩 而偏好呈現經過編輯的生活版本。 「撕掉標籤」的執行長連恩・哈克特表示： 「現在流行在網路上美化人格，不展露現實。網際 網路不僅重新界定霸凌風氣，對年輕用戶的自我認同、行為模式和人格也有明顯的影響。」 英國兒童專員安・朗菲爾德呼籲學校開設「義務數位公民課程」 ，並建議成立政府組織幫助遭 受網路霸凌的兒童。一位專家也指出，成人和青少年都該思考社群網路的使用，生活中還有比網 路上亮麗的照片更重要的事。
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This month in history After 322 years as a colony, Brazil
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oBike Comes to Taiwan Along with Controversy The misuse of the dockless bike-sharing system had residents and officials fuming over the clutter it left behind. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
For many years, YouBike has been the most popular bicycle-sharing service in Taipei and New Taipei. However, a new bicycle-sharing service named oBike has come to Taiwan, and it has caused a great deal of controversy. The oBike company is based in Singapore and operates bicycle-sharing systems in several countries around the world. In April of 2017, the company launched its services in Taiwan. Unlike YouBikes, which requires leaseholders to return Photo: Taitung County Police Bureau the rented bikes to the docks, oBikes can be parked and returned anywhere. Each oBike has its own GPS and built-in Bluetooth lock, and as long as the users have a smartphone with Internet connection and Bluetooth, they can use the oBike app to locate and rent bicycles. Some people find this feature very convenient. Others, on the other hand, believe that this easy access has led to numerous problems, with oBikes being parked in random places instead of in designated parking areas. Many have also complained that oBikes left on the sidewalks or in parking spaces for scooters and cars have caused chaos and obstructed pedestrians and vehicle traffic. Some people have even shared photos of oBikes that have been left in strange places, such as people’s homes, the middle of a river, or even a public toilet. In Taipei, government officials have stated that they will start to review the city’s current regulations on bike sharing. It is still uncertain what the future holds for oBike, but one thing is clear—convenience is inseparable from appropriate usage.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) The popularity of YouBikes in Taipei. (B) The fast-growing bicycle-sharing systems. (C) The history of oBikes. (D) The controversy over oBikes in Taiwan.
(
) 2. According to the passage, in what way are oBikes different from YouBikes? (A) Each oBike has three wheels instead of two. (B) Leaseholders can return obikes anywhere. (C) YouBikes are usually much newer than oBikes. (D) The charge for YouBikes is higher than that of oBikes.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) Many people have complained about YouBikes being parked at random places. (B) In April of 2017, oBike launched its service in Taiwan. (C) To locate available oBikes, users can use the oBike app on their smartphones. (D) YouBike users have to return the bikes to their docks.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. controversy [κΑντρ1&ϖ3σΙ] n. [C][U] 爭議
7. access [8κσΕσ] n. [U] (使用)機會
2. dockless [δΑκλΙσ] adj. (共享單車)無樁式的
8. random [ρ8νδ1µ] adj. 任意的，胡亂的
dock [δΑκ] n. [C] (共享單車)停車柱
9. designate [δΕζΙΓ&νετ] vt. 指定，劃定
3. fume [φϕυµ] vi.; vt. 發怒
10. chaos [κεΑσ] n. [U] 混亂
4. resident [ρΕζ1δ1ντ] n. [C] 居民，住戶
11. pedestrian [π1δΕστρΙ1ν] n. [C] 行人
5. launch [λΟντΣ] vt. 啟動，推出
12. vehicle [ϖιΙκΛ] n. [C] 交通工具，車輛
6. connection [κ1νΕκΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 聯結
13. regulation [&ρΕΓϕ1λεΣ1ν] n. [C] 制度，法規
Words for Recognition 1. oBike [οβαΙκ] n. oBike 無樁共享單車
5. leaseholder [λισ&ηοδ2] n. [C] 租賃人
2. misuse [µΙσϕυσ] n. [C] 錯用，濫用
6. GPS (Global Positioning System) n. [U] 全球
4. bike-sharing system [βαΙκ ΣΕρΙ9 σΙστ1µ] 共享單車系統
衛星定位系統 6. Bluetooth [βλυ&τυΤ] n. [U] 藍芽
3. clutter [κλ⊥τ2] n. [U] 雜亂，凌亂
7. obstruct [1βστρ⊥κτ] vt. 阻擋，阻塞
4. YouBike [ϕυβαΙκ] n. YouBike 微笑單車
8. inseparable [ΙνσΕπ1ρ1βΛ] adj. 不可分離的
News Messenger｜3
UN Passes New Sanctions Against North Korea The United Nations Security Council imposed new sanctions on North Korea in response to its missile tests. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
For the past few years, North Korea has carried out several missile tests, and many countries, especially the United States and South Korea, has condemned this action. Recently, military tensions have __1__ new heights after North Korea successfully tested two missiles that could reach the United States. This has raised fears that North Korea might try to __2__ nuclear weapons and attack the United States some day. Because of this, United States government officials __3__ to the United Nations Security Council that a number of sanctions be placed on North Korea. After a quick vote, these sanctions were unanimously passed by the council. The sanctions would cost North Korea more than 1 billion dollars. President of the United States Donald Trump tweeted: “The United Nations Security Council just voted 15-0 to sanction North Korea. China and Russia voted with us. Very big __4__ impact!” The sanctions include a ban on the import of coal, seafood, iron and iron ore, and lead and lead ore from North Korea. No new investments or joint ventures in North Korea will be __5__, and no new North Korean workers will be received by other countries. While China and Russia vote for these sanctions against North Korea, the two countries also urged the United States and South Korea to cut back on joint military exercises in the region. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also pressed North and South Korea, Russia, the United States, Japan, and China to restart six-party talks as soon as possible. Many North Korea’s neighbors have expressed their grave concerns over its actions, which “seriously threaten peace”.
Fill in the Blanks (A) financial
(B) proposed
(C) allowed
(D) reached
(E) launch
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. sanction [σ89κΣ1ν] n. [C] (usually pl.) 制裁
8. unanimously [ϕ5ν8ν1µ1σλΙ] adv. 一致地
2. impose [Ιµποζ] vt. 推行，強制實行
9. council [κα5νσΛ] n. [C] 理事會
3. missile [µΙσΛ] n. [C] 導彈
10. ban [β8ν] vt. 禁止 SYN prohibit
4. condemn [κ1νδΕµ] vt. 譴責
11. lead [λΕδ] n. [U] 鉛
5. tension [τΕνΣ1ν] n. [U][C] (usually pl.) 緊張
12. investment [ΙνϖΕστµ1ντ] n. [C][U] 投資
局勢
13. urge [3δΖ] vt. 敦促，催促
6. launch [λΟντΣ] vt. 發射
14. minister [µΙνΙστ2] n. [C] 部長
7. nuclear [νϕυκλΙ2] adj. 核能的
15. grave [Γρεϖ] adj. 嚴重的，重大的
Words for Recognition 4. ore [ορ] n. [C][U] （含金屬的）礦石，礦砂
1.United Nations Security Council [ϕυναΙτΙδ νεΣ1νσ σΙκϕυρ1τΙ κα5νσΛ] n.
5. Wang Yi n. 王毅，中國外交部部長
聯合國安全理事會(簡稱 UNSC)
6. six-party talks [σΙκσ παρτΙ τΟκσ] n. 六方會
2. tweet [τωιτ] vt. 在 Twitter (推特)網站上發文
談，由中國、南韓、北韓、日本、俄國、美
3. joint venture [δΖΟΙντ ϖΕντΣ2] n. [C] 合資 企業
國共同參與，旨在解決北韓核武問題。
Movie Insider It 《牠》 Horror film “IT” is based on the famous 1986 Stephen King novel of the same name, which readers still find terrifying after decades. When an evil and murderous clown named Pennywise begins hunting children in the town of Derry, a group of bullied Photo: Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.
kids are united by their horrifying and strange encounters with the monster. Trailer: youtu.be/FnCdOQsX5kc or scan the photo with COCOAR2.
閱讀測驗解答：1. D 文意選填解答：1. D
2. B 3.A 2. E 3. B 4. A
5. C
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Translation
oBike 帶著爭議登陸台灣 無樁單⾞共享服務遭濫⽤，⺠眾和政府官員都為這種共享單車造成的交通亂象感到惱火。 多年來，YouBike 一直是台北市和新北市最受歡迎的公共自行車。然而，新的單車共享服務 oBike 登陸台灣引發高度爭議。 oBike 總部設在新加坡，並在全球許多國家經營單車共享系統。2017 年 4 月，該公司在台灣 推出服務。不像 YouBike 要求租借用戶將單車歸還到定點停車柱，oBike 可以隨借隨停。每輛 oBike 都有自己的全球定位系統及內建藍芽感應大鎖，只要用戶有能上網且具藍芽功能的智慧手 機就可以透過 oBike 的應用程式找到並租借單車。 有些人覺得這種特色非常方便。另一方面，其他人則認為這種方便的使用機會導致眾多問 題，因為 oBike 被隨便亂停而非停放在指定區域。許多人抱怨 oBike 被放置人行道上或汽機車停 車格內，造成混亂並影響行人或汽機車通行。有些人甚至分享 oBike 停在怪異地點的照片，例如 私宅、河底，或公廁。 台北市政府官員表示將開始審查市府管理共享單車的現行法規。目前還不確定 oBike 的前景 如何，但有一件事明顯可見──便利性和恰當使用兩者缺一不可以。
聯合國安理會通過北韓制裁案 因應北韓試射飛彈，聯合國安理會對北韓實施新經濟制裁案。 北韓在過去幾年多次進行飛彈試射。許多國家，尤其是美國和南韓，譴責這樣的行為。北韓 近來成功試射兩枚射程可能遠及美國的飛彈後，軍事緊張氣氛達到新高點。這讓外界憂慮北韓未 來可能試圖以核武攻擊美國。 因此，美國政府官員向聯合國安理會提案，對北韓實施數項經濟制裁。快速投票表決後，理 事會無異議一致通過制裁案。這些制裁將使北韓損失逾 10 億美元。美國總統川普在推特發文說： 「聯合國安理會剛以 15 比 0 的票數，通過制裁北韓。中國和俄羅斯都投票支持我們。這會有非常 重大的財政影響！」 制裁包括禁止從北韓進口煤、海鮮、鐵和鐵礦、鉛和鉛礦。不准在北韓進行新的投資或成立 合資企業，其他國家也不會再雇用更多的北韓勞工。 儘管中國和俄羅斯投票贊成這些針對北韓的經濟制裁措施，但這兩個國家也敦促美國和南韓 減少在該區舉行聯合軍事演習。中國外交部部長王毅同時催促南北韓、俄國、美國、日本和中國 儘快重啟六方會談。許多與北韓相鄰的國家已對其「嚴重威脅和平」的舉動表示嚴正的關切。
三民東大學習網 grandeast.com.tw/English/
This month in history Like us on On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh announced Vietnam’s independence from France. @SanminEnglishEditor
Download Scan to download the full-color PDF and translation. Wednesday, September 20, 2017 vol. 258
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Women in India Post Selfies to Take Back the Night Indian women shared pictures of them staying out after a male party official suggested woman who was nearly kidnapped at night only has herself to blame. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Women in India have been posting selfies with the hashtag #AintNoCinderella on social media to assert their right to walk the streets at night without suffering violence, harassment, and abuse from men. Varnika Kundu, a DJ in Chandigarh, was chased by a group of men while driving home from work one night. The arrested men attempted to kidnap Ms. Kundu, and one of them was the son of a prominent politician. After her Facebook post about this disturbing incident went viral, Indian politician Ramveer Bhatti told CNN-News18 that Ms. Kundu was to blame for this nightmare, saying “the girl should not have gone out at 12 in the night.” He then told the Times of India that parents shouldn’t allow their children to roam at night. Many women in India find this act of victim blaming unacceptable and have criticized Bhatti’s regressive mindset. In response, Divya Spandana, an Indian actress and politician, posted a picture of herself on Twitter and started the #AintNoCinderella campaign. Many others followed, including the daughter of former Indian president Pranab Mukherjee and journalist Palak Sharma. However, when Sharma posted a photo of her winking and sipping a drink, she received insults for her bold move. “I’ve received lots of threats too,” Sharma said to BBC. “But I’m not afraid. Nothing is going to stop us. No amount of naysayers can frighten us. We aren’t Cinderellas, we don’t have to be home at midnight.” As more and more women take part in the movement and voice their objection, it is clear that Indian women refuse to be wronged and intimidated by injustice.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) Women in India are standing up for their rights on social media. (B) A famous female politician was kidnapped in Chandigarh. (C) Indian women are going home early to ensure their safety. (D) New policies are carried out in India to prevent sexual harassment.
(
) 2. What is Indian politician Ramveer Bhatti’s response to Ms. Kundu’s incident? (A) He refused to make any comment on the matter. (B) He condemns the men who tried to kidnap Ms. Kundu. (C) He thinks Ms. Kundu brought it on herself for being on the streets at night. (D) He invited many public figures to join the #AintNoCinderella campaign.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (A) Men and women in India have equal rights. (B) Many male politicians in India publicly support the campaign. (C) The arrested men were severely punished for their crimes. (D) Journalist Palak Sharma received threats after supporting the campaign.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. kidnap [κΙδν8π] vt. 綁架，劫持
10. criticize [κρΙτ1&σαΙζ] vi.; vt. 批評，指責
2. assert [1σ3τ] vt. 維護(自己的權利)
11. regressive [ρΙγρΕσΙϖ] adj. 退步的
3. harassment [η1ρ8σµ1ντ] n. [U] 騷擾
12. campaign [κ8µπεν] n. [C] 運動
4. abuse [1βϕυσ] vt. 虐待；辱駡
13. journalist [73ν1λΙστ] n. [C] 新聞記者
5. prominent [πρΑµ1ν1ντ] adj. 著名的，重要的
SYN reporter
6. politician [&πΑλ1τΙΣ1ν] n. [C] 政治家
14. insult [Ινσ⊥λτ] n. [C] 辱罵，侮辱
7. incident [Ινσ1δντ] n. [C] (不愉快的)事件
15. objection [1βδΖΕκΣ1ν] n. [C] 反對
8. nightmare [νΑΙτ&µΕρ] n. [C] 噩夢；可怕的
16. wrong [ρΟ9] vt. 不公正地對待
經歷 9. roam [ροµ] vi.; vt. 漫步，閒逛
17. intimidate [ΙντΙµ1&δετ] vt. 恐嚇，威脅 18. injustice [ΙνδΖ⊥τΙσ] n. [U][C] 不公正
Words for Recognition 1. hashtag [η8Στ8γ] n. 主題標籤
6. the Times of India n. 印度時報
2. ain’t [εντ] (am/is/are not) (俚語)不是
7. victim blaming n. [ϖΙκτΙµ βλεµΙ9] 責怪受
3. Cinderella [&σινδ1ρΕλ1] n. 灰姑娘
害者
4. DJ [δι 7ε] n. (=disk jockey) 唱片節目主持人
8. mindset [µΑΙνδ&σΕτ] n. [U] 思維方式
5. Chandigarh n. 昌迪加爾
9. naysayer [νεσε2] n. [C] 唱反調的人
News Messenger｜3
New York Crushes Two Tons of Ivory to Smash Illegal Trade NY state government and wildlife groups hope to bring ivory trade to a halt with “ivory crush”. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Nearly two tons of jewelry made from elephant tusks were destroyed in New York City’s Central Park to show the government’s __1__ to deter the illegal trade and end elephant poaching. Most of these ivory carvings were confiscated by the New York state government in an ivory bust, and they were taken from at least 100 slaughtered elephants. Altogether they were __2__ more than 8 million dollars. Although the international ivory trade has been banned since 1990, this doesn’t stop dealers from poaching elephants and trafficking this “white gold.” According to the Great Elephant Census, one-third of large elephants in Africa were killed in seven years due to ivory poaching. Research shows that about 96 elephants are killed each day, with their tusks sawed off and sold on the black market. Governments in African nations are struggling to protect elephants and ensure their __3__. To some people, the __4__ of these valuable ivory is upsetting
“As long as you have an ivory item, you are perpetuating the myth that ivory has value and is collectible.”
because some of the pieces may be antiques. However, an expert said it is unlikely for the carvings to be more than 100 years old. Many environmental experts also __5__ that these tusks should have no market value at all, and should only be as valuable as living elephants. “As long
as you have an ivory item, you are perpetuating the myth that ivory has value and is collectible,” said wildlife campaigner Iris Ho. Advocate for wildlife conservation John Calvelli stated that the crushing of ivory sends a message to poachers, traffickers and dealers, showing that the slaughter of elephants will not be tolerated.
Fill in the Blanks (A) destruction
(B) argue
(C) commitment
(D) worth
(E) survival
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. crush [κρ⊥Σ] vt. 壓碎，碾碎
10. confiscate [κΑνφΙσ&κετ] vt. (作爲懲罰)沒收
2. ivory [αΙϖρΙ] n. [U] 象牙
11. bust [β⊥στ] n. [C] 逮捕，搜捕
3. smash [σµ8Σ] vt. 擊潰，粉碎
12. slaughter [σλΟτ2] vt. 屠宰，宰殺
4. wildlife [ωαΙλδ&λαΙφ] n. [U] 野生生物
13. traffic [τρ8φΙκ] vt. 非法交易
5. halt [ηΟλτ] n. [Sing.] 停止，中止
trafficker [τρ8φΙκ2] n. [C] 做非法買賣的人
6. tusk [τ⊥σκ] n. [C] (大象等動物的)長牙
14. antique [8ντικ] n. [C] 古物，古董
7. deter [διτ3] vt. 阻撓，威懾
15. myth [µΙΤ] n. [C] 普遍但錯誤的看法
8. carving [κΑρϖΙ9] n. [C][U] 雕刻品
16. advocate [8δϖ1κΙτ] n. [C] 支持者，提倡者
9. poach [ποτΣ] vi., vt. 偷捕，盜獵
17. conservation [&κΑνσ2ϖεΣ1ν] n. [U] 保育
poacher [ποτΣ2] n. [C] 盜獵者
18. tolerate [τΑλ1&ρετ] vt. 忍受，容忍
Words for Recognition 1. Central Park [σΕντρ1λ πΑρκ] n. 紐約中央公園 2. Great Elephant Census
3. black market [βλ8κ µΑρκΙτ] n. [C] 黑市 4. perpetuate [π2πΕτΣ5&ετ] vt. 使持續 5. collectible [κ1λΕκτ1βΛ] adj. 值得收藏的
[γρετ Ελ1φ1ντ σΕνσ⊥σ] n. 大象普查
Did You Know? Bollywood, the nickname for the Indian film industry, is a wordplay on the word Hollywood. The B comes from Bombay, the old name for Mumbai. In terms of the amount of the films produced and the number of people hired, Bollywood is the largest film industry, making more than 1,000 films a year. Bollywood films are full of colors, singing and dancing, and
Photo: Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India by Sony Pictures Entertainment
romance is one of the most popular themes. Today, not only people in India but also movie lovers around the world enjoy Indian films and its distinct characteristics.
閱讀測驗解答：1. A 2. C 3.D 文意選填解答：1. C 2. D 3. E
4. A
5. B
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Translation
印度女性張貼自拍照拿回夜行權 男性官員表示險些在夜間遭挾持的女子咎由自取，印度女性隨後分享夜晚外出的照片。 印度女性最近紛紛在社群網站張貼自拍照，並加上了「我們不是灰姑娘」的主題標籤，主張 她們有權於入夜後走在路上而不受男性暴力侵害、騷擾，和辱罵。 在昌迪加爾擔任電台音樂節目主持人的薇妮卡．昆杜某晚下班開車回家途中遭一群男子尾 隨。那些已遭逮捕的男子試圖綁架昆杜，其中一人還是知名政治家的兒子。但她關於此事的臉書 貼文爆紅後，印度政治家拉維．巴提對美國有線電視新聞網表示昆杜小姐的遭遇該歸咎於她自 己，並說「她不該晚上 12 點出門」 。他接著對印度時報說做父母的不該允許孩子深夜在外遊蕩。 許多印度女性無法接受這種責備受害者的行為，痛批巴提退步的思維。為回應此事，印度女 演員兼政治人物的狄雅．司班達納在推特上張貼自己照片，並發起「我們不是灰姑娘」活動。許 多人群起效仿，包括前印度總統普拉娜．慕克吉的女兒以及新聞記者帕拉．夏瑪。但夏瑪貼了她 眨眼啜飲料的照片後，卻因大膽行徑遭受羞辱。 夏瑪告訴英國廣播電台： 「我也收到許多威脅。但我不害怕，沒什麼能阻止我們。不管誰反對 都不能嚇唬我們。我們不是灰姑娘，不必午夜前回家。」隨著愈來愈多女性加入活動說出反對心 聲，顯然印度女性拒絕被不平等對待及被不公義所威脅。
紐約銷毀兩噸象牙以粉碎非法交易 紐約州政府和野生動物保護團體希望藉由「壓碎象牙」終止象牙交易。 將近兩噸的象牙製珠寶在紐約中央公園被銷毀，以展現當局喝止非法交易和終結大象盜獵的 決心。這些象牙雕刻品大多為紐約州政府取締象牙行動的沒收品，它們來自至少 100 頭被屠殺的 大象，總價值逾 800 萬美元。 國際象牙貿易自 1990 年起已遭禁止，卻未能阻止業者盜獵大象並走私這些「白色黃金」 。根 據「大象普查」 ，非洲大型象七年內有三分之一喪命於象牙盜獵。調查顯示，每天約有 96 隻大象 遇害，牠們的象牙被鋸下並銷往黑市。非洲各國政府正苦於保護大象，確保牠們的生存。 有些人對於摧毀這些價值連城的象牙感到難過，因為其中一些也許是古董。然而，一位專家 指出這些雕刻品超過 100 年的可能性不高。許多生態環境專家也主張這些象牙根本不該有任何市 場價值，而且應該和活象一樣珍貴。野生動物保護提倡者的艾瑞絲・何說： 「只要你有象牙工藝 品，你就在延續象牙有價值且值得收藏的錯誤觀念。」野生動物保育人士卡維里表示，銷毀象牙 對盜獵者、走私者和業者傳達了屠殺大象不會被容忍的訊息。
三民東大學習網 www.grandeast.com.tw/English/
This month in history John Lennon, legendary musician of the Beatles, was born in Liverpool, England on October 9.
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Thursday, October 5, 2017 vol. 259 復北店：臺北市 10476 復興北路 386 號 電話：(02)2500-6600
傳真：(02)2506-4000
重南店：臺北市 10045 重慶南路 1 段 61 號 電話：(02)2361-7511
傳真：(02)2361-3355
Universiade 2017: an Event to Remember Although the 29th Summer Universiade has come to an end, people of Taiwan will always remember the glorious moments of the event. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
A performance with a perfect fusion of Taiwanese traditional culture and modern music wrapped up the 2017 Summer Universiade at the closing ceremony on August 30. The twelve-day event included 7,639 athletes from 145 nations. The significant event was a remarkable achievement, and it made Taiwan shine on the international stage. The Universiade began with a spectacular
Photo: 熊讚 Bravo @bravotaipei
opening ceremony on August 19. Despite the fact that a group of protesters opposing the pension reforms managed to briefly disrupt the ceremony, it ended smoothly. The sold-out opening featured pop singers, beautiful dancing, and a dazzling LED stage that amazed the audience. As the games got underway, many people were speculating how Taiwan’s athletes would perform. To everyone’s surprise, these athletes excelled. Yang Chun-han (楊俊瀚) won a gold medal in the men’s 100 meter sprint with a record-breaking time. Cheng Chao-tsun (鄭兆村) took home the gold with his 91.36 meters javelin throw, setting a new Asian record. Kuo Hsing-chun (郭婞淳) won a gold medal and beat the records in weightlifting. In addition to these, other Taiwanese athletes have also won medals in a wide variety of sports. With the outstanding performance of these Universiade heroes and heroines, Taiwan finished in third place with 90 medals, behind Japan and South Korea, but ahead of Russia and the United States. Without a doubt, the 2017 Summer Universiade was a roaring success not only for the athletes, but also for the host city of Taipei. The 29th Summer Universiade, the largest international sporting event ever held in Taiwan so far, will be remembered fondly for many years to come.
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the main idea of this passage? (A) The history of international sporting events in Taiwan. (B) The success of the 2017 Summer Universiade in Taipei. (C) The shortcomings of the 2017 Summer Universiade. (D) The impressive performance of these Universiade athletes.
(
) 2. Which of the following disrupted the opening ceremony of the 2017 Summer Universiade? (A) A group of upset fans who didn’t get the tickets. (B) A power failure in the Taipei Stadium. (C) A group of protestors against the pension reforms. (D) A fight among athletes from different countries.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the 2017 Summer Universiade? (A) It was the first international sporting event ever held in Asia. (B) It was the largest international sporting event ever held in Taiwan. (C) It involved more than 7,700 athletes from all over Asia. (D) It was the least successful event in the history of the Universiade games.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. glorious [ΓλορΙ1σ] adj. 榮耀的，光榮的
9. pension [πΕνΣ1ν] n. [C] 養老金，退休金
2. fusion [φϕυΖ1ν] n. [C][U] 融合，結合
10. reform [&ρΙφΟρµ] n. [C][U] 改革，變革
3. wrap up [ρ8π ⊥π] phr. 圓滿完成
11. dazzling [δ8ζΛΙ9] adj. 光彩奪目的
4. ceremony [σΕρ1&µονΙ] n. [C] 典禮，儀式
12. speculate [σπΕκϕ1&λετ] vt., vi. 推測，猜測
5. remarkable [ρΙµΑρκ1βΛ] adj. 非凡的，顯著的 13. excel [ΙκσΕλ] vi. 突出，勝過 6. spectacular [σπΕκτ8κϕ1λ2] adj. 壯觀的
14. outstanding [α5τστ8νδΙ9] adj. 傑出的
7. protestor [προτΕστ2] n. [C] 抗議者
15. fondly [φΑνδλΙ] adv. 深切地
8. oppose [1ποζ] vt. 反對，反抗
Words for Recognition 1. Universiade [&ϕυν1ϖ3σΙ&8δ] n. 世界大學運 動會(簡稱世大運) 2. disrupt [δΙσρ⊥πτ] vt. 打斷，中斷 3. underway. [&⊥νδ2ωε] adj.(not before noun) 正在進行的
4. sprint [σπρΙντ] n. [C] 短跑比賽 5. javelin[δΖ8ϖλΙν] n. [C] 標槍 6. weightlifting [ωετλΙφτΙ9] n. [U] 舉重
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Not So Egg-cellent: Fipronilcontaminated eggs Found in Taiwan Eggs with excessive fipronil residue has been removed from stores and farms and destroyed by agricultural authorities. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
After the fipronil egg scandal broke in Europe back in July, contaminated eggs have also been found in poultry farms in Taiwan. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tested eggs from 1500 farms and found excessive levels of fipronil in the eggs from 45 farms. Fipronil is a common insecticide used to __1__ cats and dogs with lice. In Taiwan, it has also been used on farms to get rid of pests such as cockroaches, ants, and termites. However, it should never be used on animals that are a part of the food production __2__. In fact, the use of 4.95% liquid fipronil on crops has been restricted for more than a year due to its toxicity to aquatic creatures and honeybees. The __3__ is significantly important for the honey industry and pollinating crops. Despite the restrictions, some vendors still find ways to produce and sell fipronil to farmers. According to the FDA, fipronil can damage the human liver and cause thyroid problems if consumed in large __4__. In Taiwan, the maximum residue limit for fipronil in foods is 5 parts per billion. The Council of Agriculture (COA) announced that a ban on manufacturing 4.95% fipronil is __5__ on September 6, 2017. Those found guilty of spraying fipronil face fines of up to NT$150,000. So far the COA has withdrawn more than 94 thousand kilograms of tainted eggs from farms and retailers. These eggs will be made into fertilizers after the fipronil in them has broken down. Officials have urged authorities to punish responsible perpetrators to appease the people who are starting to doubt the government’s devotion to food safety.
Fill in the Blanks (A) latter
(B) imposed
(C) process
(D) treat
(E) quantities
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. contaminate [κ1ντ8µ1&νετ] vt. 汙染，弄髒
9. creature [κριτΣ2] n. [C] 生物，動物
2. excessive [ΙκσΕσΙϖ] adj. 過多的，過度的
10. vendor [ϖΕνδ2] n. [C] 供應商
3. residue [ρΕζ1&δϕυ] n. [C][U] 殘留物
11. consume [κ1νσϕυµ] vt. 吃，喝
4. authority [1ΤΟρ1τΙ] n. [C] 當局，官方
12. maximum [µ8κσ1µ1µ] adj. 最大值的
5. scandal [σκ8νδΛ] n. [C][U] 醜聞
13. manufacture [&µ8νϕ1φ8κτΣ2] vt. (大量)製造
6. poultry [πολτρΙ] n. [U] 家禽
14. withdraw [ωΙ∆δρΟ] vt.,vi. 取回，撤回
7. process [πρΑσΕσ] n. [C] 過程
15. retailer [ριτελ2] n. [C] 零售商
8. restrict [ρΙστρΙκτ] vt. 限制，限定
16. fertilizer [φ3τΛ&λαΙζ2] n. [C][U] 肥料
Words for Recognition 1. fipronil n. 芬普尼
7. pollinate [πΑλ1&νετ] vt. 授粉
2. the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) n.
8. thyroid [ΤαΙρΟΙδ] n. [C] 甲狀腺 9. the Council of Agriculture (COA) n. 農業委
衛生福利部食品藥物管理署 3. insecticide [ΙνσΕκτ1&σαΙδ] n. [C][U] 殺蟲劑
員會
4. termite [τ3µαΙτ] n. [C] 白蟻
10. tainted [τεντΙδ] adj. 受汙染的
5. toxicity [τΑκσΙσ1τΙ] n. [U] 毒性，毒力
11. perpetrator [&π3π1τρετ2] n. [C] 犯罪者
6. aquatic [1κω8τΙκ] adj. 水生的，水棲的
12. appease [1πιζ] vt. 安撫，撫慰
Why are honeybees important? The disappearing of honeybees may be seemingly unimportant until you realize that not only honey but also a great amount of food humans consume would disappear with them. Threats such as pesticide and pollution are causing the numbers of honeybees to plummet. If we want to ensure our survival and continue to enjoy abundant food, we need to first make sure our small honey-making friends stay with us. Scan photo with COCOAR2 for video!
閱讀測驗解答：1. B 2. C 3.B 文意選填解答：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. E
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/GqA42M4RtxE
5. B
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Translation
2017 年世大運：值得好好記住 儘管第 29 屆夏季世界大學運動會已經落幕，臺灣人會永遠記得此次盛會的輝煌時刻。 8 月 30 日閉幕典禮的表演完美融合了臺灣傳統文化和現代音樂，為 2017 年夏季世大運劃下圓 滿句點。這場為期 12 天的活動賽事有來自 145 國的 7,639 名運動員參與。此盛會是個了不起的成 就，並且讓臺灣在國際舞台上大放異彩。 世大運於 8 月 19 日登場，開幕典禮十分壯觀。雖有反年改的抗議民眾短暫鬧場，但典禮仍順 利結束。門票售罄的開幕式有當紅歌手、絕美的舞蹈以及絢爛奪目的 LED 影像舞台，讓觀眾讚嘆 不已。 隨著賽事展開，眾人都在揣測臺灣運動員會有怎樣的表現。出乎大家意料之外，選手們們表現 傑出。楊俊瀚以破紀錄秒數勇奪男子 100 公尺短跑金牌。鄭兆村以 91.36 公尺的佳績刷新亞洲擲標 槍紀錄，把金牌抱回家。郭婞淳在舉重奪下一金，並打破多項紀錄。此外，其他臺灣運動員在各種 運動競賽項目也都贏得獎牌。因為這些世大運英雄和巾幗英雄卓越非凡的表現，臺灣最後以 90 面 奬牌，團體排名第三，僅次於日本和南韓，領先俄羅斯和美國。 無疑地，2017 年夏季世大運對運動員和主辦城市臺北而言都大獲成功。第 29 屆的夏季世大運 是至今為止臺灣舉辦過的最大型國際運動賽事，未來幾年也都會被銘記在心。
有夠慘「蛋」：臺灣發現芬普尼汙染毒蛋 芬普尼殘留量超標的雞蛋已被農業主管機關自商店及養雞場下架封存且全面銷毀。 繼歐洲在 7 月爆發芬普尼毒蛋醜聞後，臺灣養雞場也發現遭汙染的雞蛋。食品藥物管理署檢驗 1500 家養雞場，發現其中 45 家的雞蛋有超標的芬普尼殘留。 芬普尼是用來為貓狗除蝨子的常見殺蟲劑。在臺灣也被用在清洗雞舍，以便消滅蟑螂、螞蟻和 白蟻之類的害蟲。然而，這種殺蟲劑不該用在屬於食物生產環節的動物身上。事實上，濃度 4.95% 以上的芬普尼被禁用於農作物已經超過一年，主因是其對水棲生物和蜜蜂的毒害。後者對養蜂業和 植物授粉十分重要。雖然有禁令，但部分業者還是找到製造並銷售芬普尼給農民的管道。 根據食品藥物管理署，如果大量攝取芬普尼，就會造成肝臟受損和甲狀腺問題。在臺灣，食品 裡的芬普尼殘留量上限是 5ppb（十億分之 5）。農委會宣布，自 2017 年 9 月 6 日起，禁止產製濃 度 4.95%的芬普尼。違法噴灑芬普尼者面臨最高新臺幣 15 萬元的罰鍰。 農委會目前已自養雞場和零售商回收多於 9.4 萬公斤的毒雞蛋。這些蛋將會在裡面的芬普尼分 解後被製成肥料。官員已敦促主管機關處分違法者，以安撫那些開始質疑政府捍衛食品安全決心的 民眾。
三民東大學習網 www.grandeast.com.tw/English/
This month in history On October 3, 1990, East and West Germany were officially reunited after 45 years of Cold War division.
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Download Scan to download the full-color PDF and translation. Friday, October 20, 2017 vol. 260 復北店：臺北市 10476 復興北路 386 號 電話：(02)2500-6600 傳真：(02)2506-4000 重南店：臺北市 10045 重慶南路 1 段 61 號 電話：(02)2361-7511 傳真：(02)2361-3355
China considers prohibiting the sale and production of fossil fuel cars in hopes of reducing pollution. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
After Germany, France and Britain all announced their plan to ban petrol and diesel cars by 2040 to reduce carbon emissions and accelerate the development of electric vehicles, China soon followed. Xin Guobin (辛國 斌), vice-minister of industry of China, announced that the ministry had been working on relevant research, and that the policy of outlawing gasoline-powered vehicles will be implemented in the near future. Being the world’s biggest market for automobiles, China manufactured and sold more than 28 million cars in 2016. Over the past few years, the government has carried out a tax reduction on electric cars as it aims to conserve energy and ease pollution, especially in Beijing and Shanghai. Recent sales figures have shown that Chinese consumers are favoring new energy vehicles, and the number of electric cars sold in China has increased by 60 percent. Car manufacturers in China are also compelled to produce more vehicles that do not rely on fossil fuels by 2020. “These measures will promote profound changes in the environment,” Xin told CCTV. “Enterprises should strive to improve the level of energy saving for traditional cars, and vigorously develop new energy vehicles according to assessment requirements.” Although it is not clear when the ban will come into effect, it is apparent that petrol cars’ days in China are numbered. Some experts predict that the ban will be introduced in 2040 at the earliest. Several foreign automakers have revealed that they will boost the production of environment-friendly vehicles in China, and more than 12,000 new charging stations will be built by the government before 2020 to meet the demands of new electric cars that are on their way.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Cars powered by gasoline will be banned in China in the future. (B) Germany is boosting their automobile production to become the largest car industry. (C) Fossil fuel cars will not be legalized in Britain before 2040. (D) China’s new fossil fuel car ban is causing controversy in the nation.
(
) 2. Which of the following country is the biggest market for cars? (A) Britain.
(
(B) China.
(C) India.
(D) Germany.
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (A) China produced and sold around 13 million cars in 2016. (B) China has raised the tax for people who are buying electric cars. (C) Experts predict the fossil fuel car ban will be introduced before 2020 in China. (D) It is still not clear when the fossil fuel car ban will be implemented in China.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. carbon [κΑρβ1ν] n. [U] 碳
10. measure [µΕΖ2] n. [C] 方法，措施
2. accelerate [8κσΕλ1&ρετ] vi., vt. 加速，加快
11. profound [πρ1φα5νδ] adj. 深切的，巨大的
3. ministry [µΙνΙτρΙ] n. [C] (政府的)部
12. enterprise [Εντ2&πραΙζ] n. [C][U] 組織，企業
4. relevant [ρΕλ1ϖ1ντ] adj. 相關的，切題的
13. strive [στραΙϖ] vi. 奮鬥，力爭
5. outlaw [α5τ&λΟ] vt. 使…成為非法
14. vigorously [ϖΙΓ21σλΙ] adv. 劇烈地
6. implement [Ιµπλ1&µΕντ] vt. 實施，貫徹
15. assessment [1σΕσµ1ντ] n. [C][U] 評估
7. reduction [ρΙδ⊥κΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 減少，降低
16. predict [πρΙδΙκτ] vt. 預料，預計
8. conserve [κΑνσ3ϖ] vt. 保存，節約
17. demand [δΙµ8νδ] n. [C][U] 需求
9. consumer [κ1νσυµ2] n. [C] 消費者，顧客
Words for Recognition 1. Germany [δΖ3µ1νΙ] n. 德國
6. emission [ΙµΙΣ1ν] n. [C] 排放物，散發物
2. France [φρ8νσ] n. 法國
7. Beijing [βεδΖιν] n. 北京
3. Britain [βρΙτ1ν] n. 英國
8. Shanghai [Σ89ηαΙ] n. 上海
4. petrol [πΕτρ1λ] n. [U] 汽油
9. CCTV n. 中國中央電視臺
5. diesel [διζΛ] n. [U] 柴油
10. automaker [Οτ1µεκ2] n. [C] 汽車製造商
News Messenger｜3
Two powerful French holding companies who own luxury brands spanning Louis Vuitton and Gucci have pledged to stop hiring ultra-thin models. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
In order to ensure the physical and mental wellbeing of the models, French fashion giants LVMH and Kering has unveiled a charter that bans both male and female ultra-thin models from their catwalks and advertising on September 6. The two conglomerates will also stop __1__ models under 16 to pose as adult models, hoping to dismiss unattainable beauty standards. In May 2017, France has __2__ new laws to fight eating disorders. Models are required to obtain a doctor’s certificate when applying for jobs, and retouched photos where a model’s appearance has been altered need to be __3__ from October 1. Employers who break the law could be fined up to 75,000 Euros or face imprisonment of up to six months. While the law allows the medical documents to go back two years, the LVMH and Kering charter goes __4__ the legal requirements and requires the doctor’s certificate to be no older than six months. In addition, underage models must meet their obligations of school attendance and have a guardian at all times. These new rules are applicable to all of the brands the two companies own. “As the leader in the luxury sector, we believe it is our role to be at the forefront of this initiative,” said LVMH board member Antoine Arnault, son of the CEO of LVMH. “We have the responsibility of building new standards for fashion.” François-Henri Pinault, chairman of Kering, stated that respecting the dignity of all women is the company’s priority. With the new working relation policies, the two fashion giants hope to not only reflect their __5__ responsibilities, but also inspire the rest of the fashion industry.
Fill in the Blanks (A) labeled
(B) social
(C) hiring
(D) implemented
(E) beyond
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. span [σπ8ν] vt. 涵蓋，包括
9. document [δΑκϕ1µ1ντ] n. [C] 文件，公文
2. pledge [πλΕδΖ] vt. 保證，承諾
10. obligation [&Αβλ1ΓεΣ1ν] n. [C] 義務，責任
3. unveil [⊥νϖελ] vt. (首次)介紹，推出
11. attendance [1τΕνδ1νσ] n. [U][C] 出席
4. dismiss [δΙσµΙσ] vt. 消除，去除
12. applicable [8πλΙκ1βΛ] adj. 適合的，適用的
5. unattainable [&⊥ν1τεν1βΛ] adj. 難以達到的
13. luxury [λ⊥κΣερΙ] n. [U] 奢華，奢侈
6. disorder [δΙσΟρδ2] n. [C][U] 失調，紊亂
14. sector [σΕκτ2] n. [C] 行業，領域
7. alter [Ολτ2] vi., vt. 改動，修改
15. board [βορδ] n. [C] 董事會
8. imprisonment [ΙµπρΙζνµ1ντ] n. [U] 監禁
16. dignity [δΙΓν1τΙ] n. [U] 尊嚴
Words for Recognition 1. LVMH n. 路威酩軒集團
6. catwalk [κ8τ&ωΟκ] n. [C] 展示台
2. Kering [κ3ρΙ9] n. 開雲集團
7. certificate [&σ3τΙφ1κ1τ] n. [U] 證明
3. ultra [⊥λτρ1] pref. 極，超
8. retouch [ριτ⊥τΣ] vt. 修整，修飾 (照片)
4. holding company n. [C] 控股公司
9. Euro [ϕΥρο] n. [C] 歐元
5. charter [τΣΑρτ2] n. [C] (闡明權利的)章程
10. the forefront [∆1 φορ&φρ⊥ντ] n. 最顯要的位置
This Month History—German Reunification During World War II, The United States, Britain and France joined forces with the Soviet Union to fight the Axis powers ( 軸 心 國 ). When they defeated Nazi Germany, the country was divided by liberal market economy and communism, and a wall was built in Berlin to prevent people from escaping East Berlin. On November 9, 1989, East Germany’s announcement regarding citizens obtaining passports and visas lead a massive crowd to the wall. The crowd demanded the
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guards to open the gate, and some began to demolish the wall soon after they crossed the border. The Berlin Wall collapsed, and Germany was officially reunified in October, 1990. Watch the video: https://youtu.be/A9fQPzZ1-hg or scan photo with COCOAR2.
閱讀測驗解答：1. A 2. B 3. D 文意選填解答：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. B
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Translation
中國計劃在不久的將來禁止化石燃料車上路 中國考慮禁止化石燃料汽車的生產銷售，期望能夠降低汙染。 繼德國、法國和英國全都宣布計劃於 2040 年前禁止汽柴油車以減少碳排放並加速開發電動車 後，中國很快地跟進了。中國工業部副部長辛國斌宣布，工業部正著手進行相關研究，不久的將來 就會實施淘汰汽油動力車的政策。 身為全球最大汽車市場，中國 2016 年生產銷售超過 2,800 萬輛車。過去幾年政府為了節省能源 和減輕污染，提供電動車稅務優惠，特別是北京和上海地區。近期銷售數據顯示中國消費者偏好新 型節能車，在中國賣出的電動車數量已增加 60%。當局要求中國汽車製造商 2020 年前須生產更多 不仰賴化石燃料的車輛。 辛國斌接受中央電視臺採訪表示：「這些措施對環境將有深遠影響，企業應該努力提升傳統汽 車節能程度，並配合評鑑要求積極開發新節能車。」 雖然禁令何時生效還不明朗，但汽油動力車在中國明顯所剩時日不多。一些專家預測禁令最快 於 2040 年開始推行。許多外國汽車製造商已經透露他們將加速生產對環境友善的車輛，而政府將 在 2020 年前新建逾 1.2 萬個加電站以符合即將到來的新型電動車的需求。
路威酩軒和開雲集團揮別紙片模特兒 擁有路易威登和古馳等奢侈品品牌的兩大法國控股公司，已經承諾不再雇用超瘦模特兒。 為確保模特兒的身心健康，法國時尚巨擘路威酩軒集團和開雲集團已經公佈一份規章，自 9 月 6 日起禁止骨瘦如柴的男女模特兒登台走秀及參與廣告演出。兩家集團也將停止雇用未滿 16 歲的 模特兒充當成人模特兒，希望破除達不到的審美標準。 2017 年 5 月，法國已經實施新法對抗飲食失調症。模特兒應徵工作時必須取得醫生證明，而自 10 月 1 日起模特兒外表被更動過的修圖照片必須加以註明。違反此一規定的雇主可最高可裁罰 7.5 萬歐元，或面臨最長 6 個月的刑期。 儘管法律允許使用兩年內的醫療文件，但路威酩軒集團和開雲集團的公約比法律規定的更嚴 格，要求醫生證明不得超過六個月以上。此外，未成年的模特兒必須符合學校出勤規定，並有監護 人隨侍在身。這些新規定適用於兩家公司旗下的所有品牌。 路威酩軒集團董事會成員及執行長之子安東阿諾說：「身為精品業龍頭，我們相信走在此一創 舉的最前線是我們的角色。我們有責任建立新的時尚標準。」開雲集團董事長亨利皮諾表示，尊重 所有女性的尊嚴是該公司優先要務。這兩家時尚巨擘希望新的工作關係政策不僅能反映出他們的 社會責任，也能啟發其他同業。
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This month in history Marie Curie, the Nobel Prize winner
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who discovered radium ( 鐳 ), was born on November 7, 1867. @SanminEnglishEditor
and translation. Sunday, November 5, 2017 vol. 261
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Catalonia Independence Referendum: What You Need to Know Tensions between Spain and Catalonia escalated after the violent incidents took place during Catalonia’s Independence Referendum. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
You may have heard of Spain, but have you ever heard of Catalonia? Catalonia is an autonomous community in the northeast of Spain, and it is one of Spain’s wealthiest regions. Its history dates back to the unification of Spain. Today, it is home to more than seven million people, many of whom consider the region separate from Spain. On October 1, a referendum on independence was held by the Catalan government, and it was unfortunately marred by several violent incidents. Clashes broke out between the Spanish riot police and the voters, and ballot papers and boxes at the polling stations were seized by officers. Nearly 900 people were injured, and controversies over whether the referendum was legal arose—while Catalonia’s government claimed that the police prevented people from voting, the Spanish prime minister, Mariano Rajoy, claimed that the Catalans had been “fooled” into participating in the independence referendum that was illegal and against the Spanish constitution. According to the Catalan government, 2.26 million of the 5.3 million registered voters voted, and 90 percent of these voters supported independence. However, the result was not as overwhelming as it seems since the turnout was only 42.3 percent. Catalan officials said 770,000 votes could not be counted because the polling stations were raided and shut down by the police. On October 11, Catalonia’s president, Carles Puigdemont, has postponed a formal declaration of independence, while the Spanish prime minister has given the Catalan government 8 days to retract the independence bid before Madrid suspends the region’s autonomy. Catalonia is divided into separatist and anti-independence, and the tension and political uncertainties in Spain remains.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) The strong bond between Spain and Catalonia. (B) The tension between Spain and Catalonia. (C) Spain’s desire to become independent from Catalonia. (D) A brief introduction of Catalan language and culture.
(
) 2. According to the Catalan government, how many Catalans registered to vote? (A) 930 thousand.
(
(B) 2.2 million.
(C) 700 thousand.
(D) 5.3 million.
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) Spain supports Catalonia’s independence movement. (B) 90 percent of the voters voted for independence. (C) Catalonia’s president has officially declared independence. (D) The Spanish prime minister considers ending Catalonia’s autonomy.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. escalate [Εσκ1&λετ] vi.,vt. 擴大，加劇 2. autonomous [ΟτΑν1µ1σ] adj. 有自治權的 autonomy [ΟτΑν1µΙ] n. [U] 自治權
8. prime minister [πρΑΙµµΙνΙστ2] n. [C] 首相， 總理 9. constitution [&κΑνστ1τϕυΣ1ν] n. [C] 憲法
3. community [κ1µϕυν1τΙ] n. [C] 社區，社會
10. register [ρΕ7Ιστ2] vi.,vt. 登記，註冊
4. clash [κλ8Σ] n. [C] 衝突，打鬥
11. overwhelming [&οϖ2ηωΕλµΙ9] adj. 壓倒性的
5. riot [ραΙ1τ] n. [C] 暴亂，騷亂
12. raid [ρεδ] vt. 突襲，突擊
6. ballot [β8λ1τ] n. [C] 選票 SYN ballot paper
13. declaration [&δΕκλ1ρεΣ1ν] n. [C] 宣言，聲明
7. arise [1ρΑΙζ] vi. 發生，產生，出現
14. suspend [σ1σπΕνδ] vt. 停止，暫停
Words for Recognition 1. Catalonia [&κ8τ1λονΙ1] n. 加泰隆尼亞(西班 牙自治區之一) Catalan [κ8τΛ1ν] adj. 加泰隆尼亞的 2. referendum [&ρΕφ1ρΕνδ1µ] n. [C] 全民投票 3. unification [&ϕυν1φ1κεΣ1ν] n. [U] 統一
4. mar [µΑρ] vt. 損壞，破壞 5. turnout [τ3ν&α5τ] n. [C] 投票人數，投票率 6. retract [ρΙτρ8κτ] vt. 撤銷，撤回 7. separatist [σΕπ1&ρετΙστ] n. [C] 獨立主義者，分 離主義者
News Messenger｜3
Cassini Signs Off, Becoming a Part of Saturn After a 20-year journey in space, the spacecraft plunged into its final chapter and ended its mission. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
On September 15, 2017, the $4 billion unmanned spacecraft named Cassini came to the end of its mission as NASA crashed it into Saturn’s upper atmosphere. Launched in 1997, Cassini reached the Saturn system in 2004 and spent thirteen years orbiting Saturn and studying its moons. The reason why NASA let Cassini plunge into Saturn was that Cassini was __1__ out of fuel, and mission operators would soon be unable to control its course. If the spacecraft is left wandering in space, it will one day collide with Titan or Enceladus, two of Saturn’s moons. In order to avoid __2__ any
Photo: NASA
potential life on these moons, NASA chose to guide Cassini into Saturn’s atmosphere, and the spacecraft would disintegrate and burn up like a meteor during its dive. 900 million miles away, Cassini signed off and became part of the planet it studied. Mission engineers were filled with sentiment as they celebrated Cassini’s grand finale. During its mission, Cassini has made __3__ discoveries about Saturn and its many moons. It explored the space between Saturn and the planet’s ring, and took pictures of the hexagon storm at the planet’s North Pole. It was the first to land a probe on Titan and explore a methane sea. It also found a global ocean __4__ the ice crust of Enceladus. “Cassini may be gone, but its scientific bounty will keep us occupied for many years,” said Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist. “With Cassini, we had a rare opportunity and we __5__ it” Many mysteries are yet to be solved, and Cassini’s mission and bittersweet end honors the precious and limited time we have to explore space.
Fill in the Blanks (A) remarkable
(B) beneath
(C) running
(D) seized
(E) contaminating
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. sign off [σΑΙν Οφ] phr. 暫停工作
8. collide [κ1λαΙδ] vi. 相撞，碰撞
2. spacecraft [σπεσ&κρ8φτ] n. [C] 太空船
9. disintegrate [δΙσΙντ1γρετ] vi. 解體，分裂
3. plunge [πλ⊥ν7] vi.,vt. (用力地)投入
10. sentiment [σΕντ1µ1ντ] n. [U] 傷感
4. crash [κρ8Σ] vi.,vt. 墜毀
11. explore [Ικσπλορ] vi.,vt. 勘查，探索
5. atmosphere [8τµ1σ&φΙρ] n. [C] 大氣層
12. crust [κρ⊥στ] n. [C][U]（某物的）硬皮，外殼
6. orbit [ΟρβΙτ] vi.,vt. 繞軌道運行
13. bounty [βΑ5ντΙ] n. [U] 大量給予之物
7. operator [Απ1&ρετ2] n. [C] 操作員
14. occupied [Ακϕ1&παΙδ] adj. 忙於
Words for Recognition 1. Saturn [σ8τ2ν] n. 土星
6. meteor [µιτΙρ] n. [C] 流星
2. unmanned [&⊥νµ8νδ] adj. (太空船)無人的
7. finale [φΙνΑλΙ] n.[C] 結尾，終曲，終場
3. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space
8. hexagon [ηΕκσ1&γ1ν] n. [C] 六邊形，六角形
Administration) n. 美國國家航空和航天局
9. probe [προβ] n. [C] 探測儀
4. Titan [ταΙτν] n. 泰坦 (土衛六)
10. methane [µΕΤεν] n. [U] 甲烷，沼氣
5. Enceladus [ΕνσΕλ1δ1σ] n. 恩塞勒達斯 (土衛
11. bittersweet [βΙτ2&σωιτ] adj. 苦中有樂的
二)
Did You Know? Photo: NASA
Even with today’s advanced technology and science, there are still places in the universe that humans will never be able to reach. The Milky Way Galaxy is one of the many galaxies in the local group (本星系群), which is only an extremely small part of the observable universe. Even if we traveled at the speed of light (299,792,458 meters per second), it would still take 2.3 million years to get to the nearest galaxy—the Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系)! To
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get the idea of exactly how massive the universe is, scan the photo with COCOAR2 or visit https://youtu.be/ZL4yYHdDSWs.
閱讀測驗解答：1. B 文意選填解答：1. C
2. D 3. A 2. E 3. A 4. B
5. D
News Messenger｜5
Translation
加泰隆尼亞獨立公投：你不可不知的事 加泰隆尼亞獨立公投發⽣暴⼒事件後，⻄班牙和加泰隆尼亞之間的緊張關係升⾼。 你可能知道西班牙，但你聽過加泰隆尼亞嗎？加泰隆尼亞是一個位於西班牙東北方的自治區， 也是西國最富裕的地區之一。其歷史可回溯至西班牙統一之前。時至今日，此區人口超過 700 萬， 其中有許多人認為它不屬於西班牙。 10 月 1 日，加泰隆尼亞政府舉辦獨立公投，不幸遭到多起暴力事件阻礙。西國鎮暴警察和選 民之間爆發衝突，中央政府官員沒收了投票所的選票和投票箱。近 900 人受傷，而此次公投是否合 法的爭議迭起──加泰隆尼亞政府指控警方阻止民眾投票，而西國總理拉霍伊則聲稱加泰隆尼亞人 受到「愚弄」，參與非法且違憲的獨立公投。 根據加泰隆尼亞政府的說法，530 萬的登記選民中有 226 萬人投票，其中 90%支持獨立。然而， 這個結果沒有表面上看起來那麼勢不可擋，因為投票率僅達 42.3%。加泰隆尼亞官員表示，因為警 方突襲關閉投票所，有 77 萬張選票未能計入。 10 月 11 日，加泰隆尼亞自治區主席普伊格蒙特延遲正式宣布獨立，而西國總理給予加泰隆尼 亞政府 8 天時間，在馬德里中止加泰隆尼亞自治權之前撤銷獨立之議。加泰隆尼亞現分裂為獨立和 反獨陣營，西班牙的緊張局勢和政治不確定性仍然持續。
卡⻄尼號鞠躬盡瘁，與⼟星合為⼀體 在 20 年的太空之旅後，這艘太空船俯衝向它的最終章並終結了它的任務。 2017 年 9 月 15 日，美國太空總署讓價值 40 億美元、名為卡西尼號的無人太空船墜入土星上層 大氣層，結束了它的任務。卡西尼號於 1997 年發射升空，在 2004 年抵達土星系統，並花了 13 年 時間繞行土星及研究其衛星。 太空總署會讓卡西尼號俯衝土星的原因是它的燃料即將耗盡，太空任務操作人員將很快就會 無法控制其運行軌道。如果太空船被留在太空漂蕩，終有一天會撞上土星的兩顆衛星，土衛六「泰 坦」和土衛二「恩塞勒達斯」。為了不污染這些衛星上可能存在的生命，太空總署選擇引導卡西尼 號衝入土星大氣層，像流星一樣在下墜時解體焚毀。在 9 億英里之外，卡西尼號謝幕下台，成為其 研究的星球的一部分。太空任務工程師在慶祝卡西尼號壯烈大結局之際，內心也充滿傷感。 卡西尼號執行任務時，對土星和它的多顆衛星有重要發現。卡西尼號探索土星和土星環之間地 帶，並拍攝這顆星球北極位置的六角形風暴。它是第一艘在泰坦降落探測儀並探索其甲烷海的太空 船。它也發現恩塞勒達斯的冰層下的全球海洋。 卡西尼號專案科學家史派克說：「卡西尼號也許不在了，但它在科學上的斬獲將使我們忙上很 多年。因為卡西尼號，我們得到也抓住了一個罕見的機會。」許多謎題尙未解開，卡西尼號的任 務以及它苦樂參半的結局，為我們珍貴且有限的探索太空時間帶來榮光。
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This month in history
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William Blake, an English poet known for Songs of Innocence and of Experience, was born on November 28, 1757.
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and translation. Monday, November 20, 2017 vol. 262
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Chef André Chiang to Retire from Michelin-starred Restaurant The Michelin-starred chef has announced his plan to close the world-famous restaurant and return to Taiwan. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
André Chiang, a Taiwanese chef and the owner of the two-Michelin-starred restaurant in Singapore, Restaurant André, has announced in an open letter that he will be closing the restaurant on Feb. 14, 2018. Chiang has also indicated his intention to return his Michelin stars, saying that he would like to be excluded from the Michelin Guide Singapore next year. After the closure, he will return to his hometown Taiwan. Only 41, Chef André has already made his mark in the culinary world. He started cooking when he was 13, training under some of the most renowned chefs in the world. He is Taiwan’s first Michelin-starred chef, and two of his restaurants, Restaurant André in Singapore and RAW in Taiwan, rank number 2 and number 24 in Asia’s top 50 restaurants. What led the celebrated chef to make the decision that shocked the industry? Chiang explained that he wanted to prioritize his professional life and spend more time exploring his Taiwanese roots. Managing Restaurant André for 16 to 18 hours a day has prevented him from learning about Taiwanese produce. After his retirement from Restaurant André, he will be focusing on educating young chefs and cooking in RAW, the restaurant which he also respectfully requested to be excluded from the Michelin Guide Taiwan. “Being a Taiwanese, I feel that I have a responsibility to have something in Taiwan that really redefines our generation of Taiwanese flavor,” said Chiang, “it is time for me go home.” Not only are culinary students inspired by Chef André’s return, but also people in Taiwan are anticipating how the chef will present his homeland to the world.
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Reading Comprehension (
) 1. Which of the following is NOT one of Chef André’s reasons for retiring from Restaurant André? (A) He failed to earn a third Michelin star despite his efforts. (B) He wanted to spend less time managing the restaurant. (C) He wanted to return to Taiwan to learn more about his homeland. (D) He wanted to focus on cooking and educating young chefs.
(
) 2. Which of the following about Chef André is true? (A) He didn’t start cooking until he was 30. (B) He is from Singapore and trained in Taiwan. (C) Two of his restaurants are in Asia’s top 50 restaurants. (D) He is opening a new restaurant called RAW next year.
(
) 3. According to the passage, who will Chef André most likely be teaching in the future? (A) The writers of the Michelin Guide.
(B) Celebrated chefs in Singapore.
(C) Culinary students in France.
(D) Young chefs in Taiwan.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. chef [ΣΕφ] n. [C] 主廚
8. celebrated [σΕλ1&βρετΙδ] adj. 著名的
2. retire [ρΙταΙρ] vi. 退休
9. prioritize [πραΙΟρ1&τΑΙζ] vt. 優先考慮
retirement [ρΙταΙρµ1ντ] n. [C][U] 退休
10. professional [πρ1φΕΣ1νΛ] adj. 職業的，專業的
3. intention [ΙντΕνΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 意圖，打算
11. respectfully [ρΙσπΕκτφ1λΙ] adv. 恭敬地
4. exclude [Ικσκλυδ] vt. 排除，不考慮
12. responsibility [ρΙ&σπΑσ1βΙλ1τΙ] n. [C] 責任
5. closure [κλοΖ2] n. [C] 停業
13. inspire [ΙνσπαΙρ] vt. 激勵，鼓舞
6. make one’s mark phr. 出名，取得成功
14. homeland [ηοµ&λ8νδ] n. [C] 祖國，家鄉
7. culinary [κ⊥λ1&νΕρΙ] adj. 烹飪的，廚房的
Words for Recognition 1. André Chiang n. 江振誠，臺灣籍旅外廚師 2. Michelin
n. 米其林 ，法國輪胎製造商
3. redefine[&ριδΙφαΙν] vt. 重新定義
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Drones Could Save Lives in an Emergency Experts are designing and testing “ambulance drones� in simulated situations in the hope of increasing the survival rate. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Every second is a matter of life and death during an emergency. In many cases such as natural disasters, devastating accidents, or mass-casualty incidents, victims have to wait for an ambulance to arrive as critical seconds go by. Fortunately, researchers have __1__ that drones could significantly shorten the waiting time and potentially increase survival rate. Drones are small remote-__2__ aircrafts that are commonly used for doing aerial photography and exploring places that are hard to reach. Researchers worldwide are now studying how drones could be used for sending medical kits to the scene of an emergency before an ambulance arrives. Different types of kits have been designed to aid different cases such as general medical emergency, trauma, or even venomous bites in the wilderness. Bystanders could then use these kits to help the sick or __3__. In Sweden, a research team has carried out __4__ flights and tested the machines. Drones equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) responded to several simulated cases of cardiac arrest within a nearly 10-kilometer radius. The results showed that the drones took an average of 5 and half minutes to reach the destination, while the ambulance took 22 minutes. The defibrillator comes with audio and visual instructions from paramedics, allowing a bystander to easily operate it while being talked __5__ the procedure. Although evaluations, aviation administration, and more test flights are still needed, researchers believe that these drones can greatly benefit patients in rural areas by shortening the waiting time. Developers are aiming to operate on a bigger scale, and hopefully these drones can save lives of real patients in the future.
Fill in the Blanks (A) injured
(B) through
(C) trial
(D) suggested
(E) controlled
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
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Vocabulary and Phrases 1. ambulance [8µβϕ1λ1νσ] n. [C] 救護車
10. radius [ρεδΙ1σ] n. [C] 半徑範圍
2. casualty [κ8Ζ51λτΙ] n. [C] 傷亡人員
11. destination [&δΕστ1νεΣ1ν] n. [C] 目的地
3. critical [κρΙτΙκΛ] adj. 危急的，關鍵性的
12. audio [ΟδΙ&ο] adj. 聲音的，錄音的
4. fortunately [φΟρτΣ1νΙτλΙ] adv. 幸運地
13. visual [ϖΙΖ51λ] adj. 視覺的，視力的
5. potentially [π1τΕνΣ1λΙ] adv. 可能地
14. procedure [πρ1σιδΖ2] n. [C][U] 步驟，程序
6. photography [φ1τΑΓρ1φΙ] n. [U] 攝影
15. evaluation [Ιϖ8λϕ5&εΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 評估
7. trauma [τρΟµ1] n. [U][C] 嚴重外傷
16. aviation [&εϖΙεΣ1ν] n. [U] 航空，飛行
8. wilderness [ωΙλδ2νΙσ] n. [C] 荒野
17. administration [1δ&µΙν1στεΣ1ν] n. [U] 管理
9. equip [ΙκωΙπ] vt. 裝備，配備
18. rural [ρ5ρ1λ] adj. 鄉村的，農村的
Words for Recognition 1. drone [δρον] n. [C] 無人機
7. Sweden [σωιδΝ] n. 瑞典
2. simulated [σΙµϕ1&λετΙδ] adj. 模擬的
8. automated external defibrillator (AED)
3. devastating [δΕϖ1σ&τετΙ9] adj. 毀滅性的
[ΟτοµετΙδ Ικστ3νΛ δΙφΙβρΙ&λετ2] n. [C] 自動
4. aerial [εΙρΙ1λ] adj. 空中的，從飛機上的
體外心臟去顫器
5. venomous [ϖΕν1µ1σ] adj. 有毒的
9. cardiac arrest [κΑρδΙ&8κ 1ρΕστ] n. [U] 心臟停搏
6. bystander [βαΙ&στ8νδ2] n. [C] 旁觀者
10. paramedic [&π8ρ1µΕδΙκ] n. [C] 急救護理人員
Movie Insider Chef 《五星主廚快餐車》 An acclaimed chef Carl Casper was forced to give up his innovative menu and cook the food that the restaurant owner preferred. When a restaurant critic paid a visit and wrote a negative review of the chef ’s food, the chef got mad and yelled at the critic. The scene was caught on camera and went viral over the social media. With the chef ’s career ruined, he took his ex-wife’s advice and got a food truck. With the help of his son, Percy, and his old colleague, Martin, Carl traveled across America with his food truck while rediscovering his passion for cooking. Visit https://goo.gl/rQTtkV or scan the poster with COCOAR2 for the trailer.
閱讀測驗解答：1. A 2. C 3. D 文意選填解答：1. D 2. E 3. A 4. C
5. B
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Translation
主廚江振誠將自米其林餐廳退休 這位米其林餐廳主廚已經宣布要關掉全球知名餐廳並返回臺灣的計畫。 在新加坡擁有米其林二星餐廳 Restaurant André 的臺灣主廚江振誠發表公開信，宣告 2018 年 2 月 14 日將關掉該餐廳。江振誠也表明歸還米其林二星的打算，希望明年的米其林新加坡指南將他 的餐廳排除在外。餐廳關門後，他將返鄉回臺灣。 年僅 41 歲的主廚江振誠已在廚藝界打響名號。他 13 歲開始做料理，接受過一些全球知名大廚 的訓練。他是臺灣首位獲得米其林星星的主廚，旗下兩家餐廳──位於新加坡的 Restaurant André 和 位於臺灣的 RAW──在亞洲 50 最佳餐廳排行榜上，分別排名第 2 和第 24 名。是什麼讓這位聲名顯 赫的主廚做出震撼業界的決定呢？ 江振誠解釋，他想重新安排職涯的優先順序，並花更多時間在臺灣尋根。每天花 16 到 18 個小 時管理 Restaurant André 侷限了他對臺灣食材的了解。從 Restaurant André 退休之後，他將專注於指 導年輕廚師，並在 RAW 做料理，他也很客氣地要求米其林臺灣指南的評比將這家餐廳排除在外。 他說：「身為臺灣人，我覺得有責任在臺灣做出真正能重新定義我們這一代的臺灣味的東西。 我該回家了。」不僅料理科系的學生受到江振誠返鄉激勵，臺灣民眾也期待看到這位主廚所呈現給 全世界的家鄉味。
緊急關頭救無人機救命 專家正設計並在模擬情境下測試救護無人機，希望提高存活率。 碰上緊急狀況，每秒鐘都生死攸關。在許多如自然災害、致命意外和大規模死傷突發事件的案 例，受害者也必須在分秒必爭之際靜待救護車抵達。幸運地，研究人員已提出無人機能大幅縮短等 待時間，並可能提高存活率。 無人機是小型遙控航空器，通常用來進行空中拍攝及探測難以到達之地。全球有許多研究人員 正在研發如何利用無人機，在救護車抵達前將醫療用品送至緊急事件現場。他們設計各種不同的急 救包以因應各種狀況，例如一般急救、嚴重外傷或甚至在野外被毒蛇蟲咬傷。路人就能用這些急救 包協助救治患者或傷者。 在瑞典，一個研究團隊執行了無人機試飛作測試。配有自動體外心臟去顫器的無人機回應了數 起在半徑 10 公里範圍內的心跳中止模擬案例。結果顯示，無人機平均僅費時 5.5 分鐘即抵達目的 地，而救護車卻要 22 分鐘。去顫器配有來自急救人員的音訊和視訊輔助說明，路人在聽從指示之 際也能輕易操作。 雖然還需要評估、航管作業和更多的試飛，但研究人員相信，這些無人機縮短等候時間將大大 嘉惠偏鄕地區病患。開發人員正著力擴大操作規模，希望這些無人機未來能夠搶救真實病患的生命。
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National Palace Museum Welcomes Mummies from British Museum Six mummies along with over 200 historical objects from ancient Egypt will allow people in Taiwan to have a closer look at the fascinating culture. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
The National Palace Museum is cooperating once again with the British Museum to hold an exhibition entitled “Egyptian Mummies from the British Museum: Exploring Ancient Lives.” This is the fourth time the two museums have worked together, and the exhibition will run from November 14 to February 18 of 2018. The exhibition has been reported to be the biggest mummies exhibition ever held in Taiwan. Six mummies and over 200 ancient objects such as coffins, stone tablets, Canopic jars and other grave goods will be exhibited. Researchers at the British Museum have studied the mummies extensively, using computed tomography (CT) scan and other non-invasive methods. Modern technology has provided us a more profound understanding of these mummified individuals and disproved some of the incorrect assumptions. One of the six mummies introduced in the exhibition was thought to be a male back in the 1960s, but the latest research shows that the mummy was actually a married female. The design and quality of her coffin showed that she belonged to a wealthy family. According to the study, the mummies lived in ancient Egypt between 900 BC and 180 AD. In addition to images underneath the wrappings, the results also unveiled information about the culture, religion, diet and approximate age of death of these mummies. Ancient Egypt is an intriguing civilization that never ceases to amaze people. If you would like to know more about the undying mysteries under the mummies’ wrappings, be sure not to miss the exhibition at the National Palace Museum this winter.
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Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) The culture and religion of ancient Egypt. (B) The techniques of preserving a mummy.. (C) The exhibition of mummies in Taiwan. (D) The lifestyle of people in modern Egypt.
(
) 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (A) More than 500 historical objects from ancient Egypt will be on display. (B) One of the mummies was later proved to be female instead of male. (C) The exhibition is reported to be the second biggest mummies exhibition in Taiwan. (D) The mummies lived between the year 180 to 900.
(
) 3. Which of the following is not a part of the exhibition at the National Palace Museum? (A) Egyptian mummies.
(B) Ancient Egyptian coffins.
(C) Canopic jars.
(D) Aboriginal clothing.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. fascinating [φ8σΝ&ετΙ9] adj. 吸引人的
9. underneath [&⊥νδ2νιΤ] prep. 在…底下
2. cooperate [κοΑπ1&ρετ] vi. 合作，協作
10. wrapping [ρ8πΙ9] n. [C] 包裹，包紮
3. coffin [κΟφΙν] n. [C] 棺材；靈柩
11. information [Ινφ2µεΣ1ν] n. [U] 資料，資訊
4. extensively [ΙκστΕνσΙϖλΙ] adv. 廣闊的
12. approximate [1πρΑκσ1µΙτ] adj. 大約的
5. scan [σκ8ν] n. [C] 掃描
13. civilization [&σΙϖΛ1ζεΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 文明，文化
6. individual [&Ινδ1ϖΙδΖ51λ] n. [C] 個人，個體
14. cease [σιζ] vi.;vt. 停止，中止
7. disprove [δΙσπρυϖ] vt. 證明…是虛假的
15. mystery [µΙστρΙ] n. [C] 神秘的事物
8. assumption [1σ⊥µπΣ1ν] n. [C]. 假定；假設
Words for Recognition 1. mummy [µ⊥µΙ] n. [C] 木乃伊，乾屍 mummify [µ⊥µΙ&φαΙ] vt. 把(屍體)製成木乃伊 2. the British Museum [∆1 βρΙτΙΣ µϕυζΙ1µ] n. 大英博物館 3. Egypt [ιδΖ1πτ] n. 埃及 Egyptian [ιδΖΙπΣ1ν] adj. 埃及的 4. Canopic jar [κ1νοπΙκ δΖΑρ] n. 卡諾卜罈， 埃及人製作木乃伊時用作保存內臟的器具
5. computed tomography (CT) [κ1µπϕυτΙδ τοµΑγρ1φΙ] n. 電腦斷層 6. non-invasive [νΑνΙνϖεσΙϖ] adj. 非侵入性的 7. BC abbr. (=before Christ) 西元前 8. AD abbr. 西元 9. intriguing [ΙντριΓΙ9] adj. 引人入勝的，神秘的
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New Perspectives on Vocational Education in Taiwan A recent survey shows that more than 70% of Taiwanese people believe that vocational education is beneficial to careers. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
A recent survey conducted by the Professor Huang Kun-huei Education Foundation has revealed that vocational education gets strong support from Taiwanese people. 1,074 people took part in the poll, and 75.7 percent of the participants supported vocational education and agreed that it would be good for a person’s career in the future. Only 11.3 percent of the respondents __1__ with the fact that vocational education will bring a promising future. The results of the poll seem startling to some, since university education was often seen as being more desirable than vocational education in the recent past in Taiwan. Professor Huang remarks that the results show the public’s perception of vocational education has __2__, and an increasing number of people believe that receiving vocational education can help one land a good job. Huang, who is also the chairman of the foundation, also expressed that Taiwan’s government has largely ignored the importance of vocational education when it comes to educational __3__ and programs. This has led the students to the gap between industries and higher education, making it difficult for graduates to find a suitable job. Employers also __4__ the struggle of finding technically skilled employees. In fact, the unemployment rate in September for college graduates was 5.22 percent. This was the highest amount out of people from all education groups, and above the overall unemployment rate of 3.77 percent. The __5__ of Education has announced “Technical and Vocational Education Policy” this March. Although it is clear that the government has become more aware of the significance of vocational education, Huang says that the reform in education needs the support from all people. The change in people’s perception shows that the stereotypes of education will soon be dispelled.
Fill in the Blanks (A) policies
(B) face
(C) disagreed
(D) Ministry
(E) shifted
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
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Vocabulary and Phrases 1. perspective [π2σπΕκτΙϖ] n. 觀點，想法
9. remark [ρΙµΑρκ] vt. 談論
2. vocational [ϖοκεΣ1νΛ] adj. 職業的
10. foundation [φΑΥνδεΣ1ν] n. [C] 基金會
3. career [κ1ρΙρ] n. [C] 職業，事業
11. ignore [Ιγνορ] vt. 不理會，忽視
4. beneficial [&βΕν1φΙΣ1λ] adj. 有益的
12. importance [ΙµπΟρτνσ] n. [U] 重要性
5. participant [πΑρτΙσ1π1ντ] n. [C] 參與者
13. largely [λΑρ7λΙ] adv. 多半，主要地
6. conduct [κΑνδ⊥κτ] vt. 實施，進行
14. rate [ρετ] n. [C] 比率
7. startling [στΑρτΛΙ9] adj. 令人震驚的
15. significance [σΙΓνΙφ1κ1νσ] n. [U] 重要性
8. perception [π2σΕπΣ1ν] n. [C] 見解，觀念
16. stereotype [στΕρΙ1&τΑΙπ] n. [C] 刻板印象
Words for Recognition 1. Professor Huang Kun-huei Education
3. Technical and Vocational Education Policy
Foundation 黃昆輝教授教育基金會
技術及職業教育政策綱領
2. technically [τΕκνΙκΛΙ] adv. 在專業上
4. dispel [δΙσπΕλ] vt. 掃除，消除
Movie Insider Murder on the Orient Express 《東方快車謀殺案》 A lavish train ride through Europe unfolds into a stylish and suspenseful mystery. From the best-selling book by crime novelist Agatha Christie, Murder on the Orient Express tells the story of thirteen strangers stranded on a train and one detective’s race to solve the puzzle before the murderer strikes again. In theaters December 8, 2017. To see the trailer, visit https://youtu.be/fNh1agY0UB4 or scan the photo with COCOAR2.
閱讀測驗解答：1. C 文意選填解答：1. C
2. B 3. D 2. E 3. A 4. B
5. D
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Translation
故宮博物院歡迎來自大英博物館的木乃伊 來自古埃及的六具木乃伊和 200 多件歷史文物將讓臺灣⺠眾得以近距離欣賞這個輝煌文化。 故宮博物院再度和大英博物館合辦「大英博物館藏埃及木乃伊：探索古代生活」特展。這是兩 家博物館第四度合作，展覽期間從今年 11 月 14 日到 2018 年 2 月 18 日。據報導這是臺灣有史以來 最大的木乃伊展覽。六具木乃伊和超過 200 件如棺槨、石碑、卡諾卜罈和其他陪葬品等的古文物將 被展出。 大英博物館研究人員利用電腦斷層掃描和其他非侵入性方法仔細研究這些木乃伊。現代科技 讓我們對這些被製成木乃伊的人有更深入的了解，並得以推翻部分不正確的假設。特展展出的六具 木乃伊之一在 1960 年代時被認定為男性，但最新研究顯示，這具木乃伊其實是位已婚女性。她的 棺木的設計和材質顯示，她曾出身富裕家庭。根據研究，這些木乃伊於西元前 900 年到西元 180 年 間住在古埃及。除了麻布下的影像，研究結果也透露這些木乃伊的文化、宗教、飲食和大約的死亡 年齡等資訊。 古埃及是個引人入勝的文明，永遠令人感到驚奇。如果你想知道更多木乃伊麻布下不死的秘密， 一定不要錯過故宮今年冬天的特展。
台灣技職教育新觀點 最新調查顯示超過 70%的台灣人相信技職教育有助就業。 由黃昆輝教授教育基金會近期進行的一項調查顯示技職教育獲得台灣民眾的強力支持。共有 1074 人參加此次訪調，而 75.7%的受訪者支持技職教育，也同意技職教育有助未來個人就業。僅有 11.3%受訪者不同意技職教育會帶來光明前景。 有部分人士對訪調結果感到吃驚，因為近年在台灣，大家都認為大學教育比技職教育更教人嚮 往。黃教授說這個結果顯示民眾對技職教育的認知已經改變，越來越多人相信接受技職教育有助於 一個人找到好工作。 黃昆輝同時也是基金會的主席，他表示台灣政府的教育政策和方案，多半忽視技職教育的重要 性。這導致學生陷入產業和高等教育之間的鴻溝，使畢業生很難找到工作。企業主也面臨專門技術 人員難尋之苦。事實上，大學畢業生的 9 月失業率是 5.22%。這個數據在所有學歷背景裡掛冠，超 過整體失業率的 3.77%。 教育部今年三月已經宣布「技術及職業教育政策綱領」。雖然政府明顯意識到技職教育的重要 性，但黃昆輝表示教育改革需要所有人的支持。大家的觀念改變，表示大眾對教育的刻板印象很快 就會被破除。
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Wednesday, December 20, 2017 vol. 264
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Residents Gasp for Breath as Toxic Smog Chokes New Delhi New Delhi’s severe air pollution has become extremely harmful to the health and safety of its residents. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
New Delhi’s air quality index (AQI) has reached a severely polluted level of 451, and it contains a dangerously high level of PM 2.5 pollutants. Breathing in New Delhi is equivalent to smoking 50 cigarettes a day. The air may be strong irritation and can impact the respiratory system of healthy people. India’s medical organizations have declared a public health emergency. The thick blanket of smog—made up of smoke, gases, and chemicals—is suffocating residents in New Delhi. Recently, the smog made visibility so poor that 24 vehicles were involved in a massive pile-up on a major city roadway. Unable to see the brake lights of stopped cars in front of them, drivers kept slamming into each other in the chain-reaction crash. What is causing the severe pollution? Farmers burn the crop stubble after the harvest in north India during this time of the year. This traditional practice is common despite the ban. The pollution from diesel engines, coal-fired power plants and industrial emissions is also one of the factors. What’s worse, only the wealthy can afford air purifiers. The price for filter masks has soared due to the high demand, and the city's countless poor and homeless can only use handkerchiefs. “The moment I stepped out of my home I started coughing and there was a burning sensation in my eyes,” said Naresh Yadav, a bank employee who worked in central Delhi, “The government can’t solve this problem alone, people need to pitch in and help the government to protect the environment.”
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) How to prevent respiratory system diseases. (B) The high inflation rate in India. (C) The severe air pollution in New Delhi. (D) The most beautiful cites to visit in India.
(
) 2. According to the passage, the chain-reaction crash happened because ____. (A) the thick smog made it difficult for drivers to see clearly (B) the cars couldn’t brake on slippery road in the heavy rain (C) there was a drunk driver who was going over the speed limit (D) a tree was suddenly blown down and it smashed several cars
(
) 3. Which of the following is NOT a cause of the toxic smog? (A) Burning crop stubble.
(B) Diesel engines.
(C) Industrial emissions.
(D) Overpopulation.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. gasp [Γ8σπ] vi. 喘氣，喘息
11. suffocate [σ⊥φ1&κετ] vt. 使窒息，使悶死
2. toxic [τΑκσΙκ] adj. 有毒的
12. visibility [&ϖΙζ1βΙλ1τΙ] n. [U] 能見度
3. smog [σµΑΓ] n. [U] (尤指城市中的)煙霧
13. massive [µ8σΙϖ] adj.大規模的
4. choke [τΣοκ] vt. 使窒息，使呼吸困難
14. roadway [ροδ&ωε] n. [C] 車行道
5. severe [σ1ϖΙρ] adj. 非常嚴重的
15. brake [βρεκ] n. [C] 刹車
severely [σ1ϖΙρλΙ] adv. 嚴重地
16. slam [σλ8µ] vi. 大力地撞擊
6. extremely [ΙκστριµλΙ] adv. 非常，極其
17. despite [δΙσπαΙτ] prep. 儘管
7. pollutant [π1λυτ1ντ] n. [C] 污染物
18. filter [φΙλτ2] n. [C] 過濾(材料)
8. equivalent [ΙκωΙϖ1λ1ντ] adj. 相等的，等同的
19. soar [σορ] vi. 猛增，驟升
9. irritation [&Ιρ1τεΣ1ν] n. [C] 刺激(物)
20. sensation [σΕνσεΣ1ν] n. [C] 感覺
10. respiratory [ρΙσπαΙρ1&τορΙ] adj. 呼吸的
Words for Recognition 1. New Delhi 新德里(印度首都)
4. stubble [στ⊥βΛ] n. [U] (作物收割後的)殘梗
2. air quality index (AQI) 空氣品質指數
5. coal-fired power plant n. [C] 燃煤電廠
3. chain-reaction crash 連鎖反應撞擊
News Messenger｜3
Wands at the Ready: New Harry Potter Game is on the Way! The creator of Pokémon Go has announced its plan to bring the magic of Harry Potter to the real world next year. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Fans of the Harry Potter series have a new reason to be thrilled. Mobile phone game developer Niantic has just announced its plans to release a new augmented reality (AR) game __1__ on J.K. Rowling’s best-selling fantasy novels. The new Harry Potter smartphone game is to be called Wizards Unite, and Potterheads can expect to wave their wands using state-of-the-art AR technology next year. The new Harry Potter game will share some __2__ with another hugely popular Niantic creation: Pokémon Go. AR mobile games use the smartphone camera to combine computer graphics with real-world environment. Players of Wizards Unite can immerse themselves in the magical world of Harry Potter and embark on an adventure of searching for mythical beasts, __3__ mysterious artifacts, casting powerful spells, and meeting iconic wizards. Devoted fans now have the chance to become distinguished witches or wizards in the game. The company is also promising a gaming __4__ beyond anything Pokémon Go has offered until now. Experts predicted that the AR experience in the new game will be more robust than Pokémon Go, which will make the game more engaging and dynamic. The video game rights to the Harry Potter series belong to Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. “With this game, we are allowing the passionate, worldwide fan base to explore J.K. Rowling’s deeply powerful and imaginative __5__ in a new, truly immersive way,” said David Haddad, president of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Fans around the world will be waiting for their Hogwarts acceptance letter from Niantic in the near future.
Fill in the Blanks (A) features
(B) universe
(C) based
(D) discovering
(E) experience
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. thrilled [ΤρΙλδ] adj. 極愉快的
10. distinguished [δΙστΙ9ΓωΙΣτ] adj. 傑出的
2. best-selling [βΕστσΕλΙ9] adj. 暢銷的
11. robust [ροβ⊥στ] adj. 健全的
3. fantasy [φ8ντ1σΙ] n. [C][U] 奇幻，幻想
12. engaging [ΙνΓεδΖΙ9] adj. 引人入勝的
4. wizard [ωΙζ2δ] n. [C] 巫師
13. dynamic [δαΙν8µΙκ] adv. 生動的
5. creation [κρΙεΣ1ν] n. [C] 創造，作品
14. passionate [π8Σ1νΙτ] adj. [C] 熱情的
6. graphic [Γρ8φΙκ] n. [C] (電腦的)圖像
15. imaginative [Ιµ8δΖ1&νετΙϖ] adj. 想像力豐 富的
7. embark [ΙµβΑρκ] vi. 從事，著手 8. artifact [∋ΑρτΙ&φ8κτ] n. [C] 工藝品
16. acceptance [1κσΕπτ1νσ] n. [C] 認可，接納
9. devoted [δΙϖοτΙδ] adj. 全心全意的
Words for Recognition 1. wand [ωΑνδ] n. [C] 魔杖
8. immerse [Ιµ3σ] vt. 使沉浸於
2. Pokémon GO n. (手遊)精靈寶可夢 GO
immersive [Ιµ3σΙϖ] adj. 身歷其境的
3. Niantic n. (軟體開發公司)尼安蒂克
9. mythical [µΙΤΙκΛ] adj. 神話的
4. augmented reality (AR) [ΟγµΕντΙδ ρΙ8λ1τΙ]
10. iconic [αΙκΑνΙκ] vt. 偶像的
n. 擴增實境
11. Warner Bros Interactive Entertainment n. 華納兄弟互動娛樂
5. J.K. Rowling J·K·羅琳
12. Hogwarts n. 霍格華茲魔法與巫術學院
6. Potterhead n. 哈利波特迷 7. state-of-the-art adj. 最先進的
Did You Know? Hanging mistletoe and kissing someone underneath it has been an old Christmas tradition. Have you ever wondered where did this tradition come from? The resilient plant and its snow-white berries captivated our superstitious ancestors, and it symbolizes love, peace, and fertility in many ancient mythologies around the world. Scan the photo with COCOAR2 or visit https://youtu.be/QtJqBiF6EF0 to find out more.
閱讀測驗解答：1. C 文意選填解答：1. C
2. A 2. A
3. D 3. D
4. E
5. B
News Messenger｜5
Translation
有毒霧霾籠罩新德⾥，居⺠費⼒喘息呼吸 新德⾥的嚴重空污已經對居⺠的健康和安全造成嚴重危害。 新德里空氣品質指數已升至嚴重污染程度 451，其中還包含了濃度高得危險的 PM2.5 細懸浮微 粒。在新德里呼吸相當於一天抽 50 根香菸。空氣可能讓人很不舒服，並且影響健康民眾的呼吸系 統。印度的醫療組織已發布公共緊急健康預警。 那層厚重的霧霾——由煙霧、氣體和化學物質組成——正使新德里居民呼吸困難。最近，霧霾 讓可見度變得很糟，以致於 24 輛車在市區主幹道上發生大追撞。看不到前車的煞車燈，使得駕駛 在這場連環車禍中不斷撞上來。 是什麼導致如此嚴重的污染呢？每年此時，北印度地區農民會在收割後焚燒作物殘梗。這個傳 統雖被禁止卻仍然普遍。來自柴油引擎、火力發電廠和工業排放的汙染，也是原因之一。更糟的是， 只有有錢人才買得起空氣清淨機。而過濾口罩的價格因為需求走高，已經飆漲，城市裡數不盡的窮 人和流浪漢只能用手帕掩面。 在德里市中心工作的銀行職員納瑞許亞達夫說：「我一走出家門就開始咳嗽，而且眼睛還有灼 熱感。政府無法獨力解決問題，大家必須一起出力，幫政府保護環境。」
魔杖準備好：新款哈利波特手遊即將上市！ 《精靈寶可夢 GO》的開發者宣布計劃，將於明年把哈利波特的魔法帶進真實世界。 哈利波特系列小說的粉絲有興奮的新理由了。手機遊戲開發商 Niantic 最近宣布，將推出改編 自 J.K. 羅琳暢銷奇幻小說的新款擴增實境遊戲。新的哈利波特手遊將取名為《巫師聯盟》，哈利 波特迷明年可望運用先進的擴增實境技術，揮動他們的魔杖。 新款哈利波特遊戲將和 Niantic 另一超人氣作品《精靈寶可夢 GO》有一些共同特色。擴增實 境手遊使用智慧型手機的相機，將電腦圖像和真實環境結合在一起。《巫師聯盟》的玩家可以充 分沉浸在哈利波特的魔法世界裡，展開探險行程，尋找奇幻怪獸、挖掘神秘文物、施展強大的魔 咒，並與偶像巫師見面。忠實粉絲現在有機會在遊戲裡成為出色的女巫或巫師。公司也承諾將提 供比《精靈寶可夢 GO》至今為止所給予提供的更佳遊戲體驗。專家預測，新遊戲裡的擴增實境 體驗，將比《精靈寶可夢 GO》更為健全，讓這款遊戲更引人入勝與活潑。 哈利波特系列的電玩遊戲版權屬於華納兄弟互動娛樂公司。華納兄弟互動娛樂公司董事長大 衛·哈達德說：「有了這個遊戲，我們讓全球熱情粉絲得以用全新的、真正身臨其境的方式，探索 J.K. 羅琳極其強大且富有想像力的宇宙。」不久的將來，全球粉絲都將引頸期盼來自霍格華茲魔 法學校的入學通知。
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Elizabeth Tudor was crowned as Elizabeth I
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@SanminEnglishEditor Friday, January 5, 2018 vol. 265
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UN Takes Action to Stop Ocean Plastic Pollution Countries around the world have agreed to protect marine lives and stop plastic waste from entering the ocean. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
According
to
the
United
Nations
Environment Program (UNEP), at least 8 million tons of plastic trash is dumped into the oceans each year, and it has caused irreparable and fatal damage to many marine creatures. The United Nations (UN) has decided to address the issue, and a resolution regarding ocean plastic waste was passed at a recent environmental summit. Although the resolution lacks a concrete timetable and is not legally binding, many environmentalists hailed the resolution for taking the first step in the right direction. However, some countries, including the US, China and India, were opposed to the resolution. An UN delegate even revealed that journalists in some countries were paid by plastic companies to make up stories about job losses after the plastic ban. Why is ocean plastic waste an urgent problem? It is because creatures such as turtles and seabirds often mistake plastics as food, and consuming it can be deadly for them. In addition, plastic is very slow to biodegrade, this means it may remain in the ocean and hurt the environment even after hundreds of years. “This is a planetary crisis. In a few short decades since we discovered the convenience of plastics, we are ruining the ecosystem of the ocean,” said UN oceans chief Lisa Svensson. She has also urged governments, companies and individuals to take action to halt plastic pollution. Although the road to no plastic may seem formidable, many countries have already implemented this policy very well, such as Kenya and Bangladesh. Some organizations are attempting to reduce the use of plastic straws, and the new UN resolution will certainly raise the awareness of plastic waste in the oceans.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) The importance of UN and its resolutions to reduce air pollution. (B) The UN’s resolution to solve the problem of ocean plastic waste. (C) The United States’ opposition to many environmental resolutions. (D) A short history of the development of plastic.
(
) 2. Which of the following is true about plastic waste in the ocean? (A) It can be unhealthy and even deadly for the creatures that eat it. (B) It biodegrades very quickly and is only in the oceans for a few years. (C) It is actually very attractive and interesting for people to see on beaches. (D) It is in fact a small problem that affects very few people or animals.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) Some companies pay journalist to write stories about job loss after the plastic ban. (B) The resolution passed by the UN still lacks a detailed schedule. (C) Plastics can remain in the ocean even after hundreds of years. (D) Business leaders around the world have decided to stop using plastic altogether.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. marine [µ1ριν] adj. 海洋的
9. hail [ηελ] vt.讚揚，為……喝采
2. irreparable [ΙρΕπ1ρ1βΛ] adj. 無可挽救的
10. delegate [δΕλ1&Γετ] n. [C] (尤指會議的)代表
3. fatal [φετΛ] adj. 致命的
11. reveal [ρΙϖιλ] vt. 透露
4. resolution [&ρΕζ1λυΣ1ν] n. [C] 決議
12. biodegrade [&βαΙοδΙΓρεδ] vi. 生物分解
5. regarding [ρΙΓαρδΙ9] prep. 關於；至於
13. planetary [πλ8ν1&τΕρΙ] adj. 行星的
6. summit [σ⊥µΙτ] n. [C] 高峰會
14. ecosystem [Εκο&σΙστ1µ] n. [C] 生態系統
7. lack [λ8κ] vt. 缺少，缺乏
15. formidable [φΟρµΙδ1βΛ] adj. 難以克服的
8. concrete [κΑνκριτ] adj. 具體的
Words for Recognition 1. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) n. 聯合國環境署 2. timetable [ταΙµ&τεβΛ] n. [C] 時間表
3.
Kenya [κΕνψ1] n. 肯亞
4.
Bangladesh [β89γλ1&δΕΣ] n. 孟加拉
News Messenger｜3
A Closer Look at Bitcoin Bitcoin is the world's most popular virtual currency. But what exactly is Bitcoin? And how does it work? by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
If you have ever heard of Bitcoin, you probably wish you had bought some when it was first __1__ to the public. In fact, if you had bought just US$100 of Bitcoin in 2011, you would now be a millionaire. What exactly is Bitcoin? Bitcoin is a new type of __2__ currency. Some have also called it a “cryptocurrency.” With Bitcoin, people can use the Internet to send or receive this type of money. In addition, this can all be done anonymously and without any transaction fees or service charges. Bitcoin is backed by something called the blockchain. This is a global database that keeps a record of all transactions in a network in a type of online ledger. The blockchain also __3__ new Bitcoins when they are created or “mined” on computers that verify the transactions of others in the system. Although Bitcoin is very well known today, its creator remains a mystery. All that is known is that a person—or a group of people—used the name Satoshi Nakamoto and created Bitcoin. A small group of people then began to use it, and it faced many ups and downs in the years that followed. Then, in 2017, the value of Bitcoin began to skyrocket, with one Bitcoin now __4__ at least US$16,000. Critics have called Bitcoin a bubble, and they predict that it will crash soon. Supporters, however, have said the Bitcoin is the biggest change to hit the world since the Internet, and they believe that it will continue to rise in the years to come. What will the future bring for Bitcoin? It’s impossible to predict. However, one thing is for certain: with advanced technology, the value of currency is no longer __5__ to physical money, and digital currency is on the rise.
Fill in the Blanks (A) records
(B) limited
(C) digital
(D) introduced
(E) worth
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. millionaire [&µΙλϕ1νΕρ] n. [C] 百萬富翁 2. currency
[κ31νσΙ] n. [U]« 貨幣
10. verify [ϖΕρ1&φΑΙ] vt. 證明，證實 11. creator« [χρΙετ2] n. [C] 創造者
3. anonymously [1νΑν1µ1σλΙ] adv. 匿名地
12. value« [ϖ8λϕυ] n. [U]« 價值，價格
4. transaction« [τρ8νζ8κΣ1ν] n. [U] 交易
13. critic [κρΙτΙκ] n. [C] 批評者
5. back [β8κ] vt. 幫助，支持
14. bubble [β⊥βΛ] n. [C] (持續不長的) 好景
6. global [ΓλοβΛ] adj. 全球的，全世界的
15. predict [πρΙδΙκτ] vt. 預料，預計
7. database [δετ1&βεσ] n. [C] 資料庫
16. crash [κρ8Σ] vi. 崩潰，崩盤
8. ledger [λΕδΖ2] n. [C] 分類帳簿
17. supporter [σ1πορτ2] n. [C] 支持者
9. mine [µΑΙν]« vt. 採礦
18. physical [φΙζΙκΛ] adj. 實物的
Words for Recognition 4. Satoshi Nakamoto n. 中本聰 1. Bitcoin W \ ^ E p g K E j Y n. [U] 比特幣 2. cryptocurrency [κρΙπτοκ31νσΙ] n. [C] 加密貨 5. skyrocket W \ o g ] E # n= g E p Y vi. 暴漲，飛漲 幣 3. blockchain W \ ^ h = g # p O a j Y n. 區塊鏈
Did You Know?
Have you ever wondered how deep the ocean is? On January 23, 1960, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh explored the deepest known point in the Earth’s seabed—the Challenger Deep. It took the submarine almost five hours to descend, and they reached a depth of 10,916 meters. The two men spent only twenty minutes on the ocean floor and had to resurface due to a crack in the window. To know more about the depths of the mysterious ocean, scan the picture with COCOAR2 or visit https://youtu.be/GE-lAftuQgc.
閱讀測驗解答：1. B 2. A 3. D 文意選填解答：1. D 2. C 3. A
4. E
5. B
News Messenger｜5
Translation
聯合國採取行動阻止海洋被塑膠污染 世界各國已經同意保護海洋生物，不讓塑膠垃圾進入海洋。 根據聯合國環境規劃署，每年至少有 800 萬噸塑膠垃圾被傾倒進海洋，這已經對許多海洋生 物造成無可挽回的致命損害。聯合國已經決定要處理這個問題，最近舉行的環境高峰會通過一項 關於海洋塑膠垃圾的決議。雖然該決議缺乏明確的時程表，也沒有法律約束力，但是許多環保人 士稱頌這項決議往正確方向跨出第一步。 然而，部分國家，包括美國、中國和印度，都反對這項決議。一位聯合國代表甚至透露，部 分國家的記者收取塑膠業者的錢，杜撰塑膠禁令導致工作流失的報導。 為什麼海洋塑膠垃圾是急迫的問題呢？這是因為烏龜和海鳥等生物經常誤將垃圾當成食物， 誤食對牠們來說可能致命。 此外，塑膠的生物分解非常緩慢，這意味即使數百年之後，塑膠可能 仍留在海洋裡，破壞環境。 聯合國海洋問題主管麗莎·斯文森說：「這是地球危機。自我們發現塑膠方便好用的短短幾十 年間，我們都在摧毁海洋的生態系統。」她也已經敦促各國政府、公司行號以及個人，採取行動 以中止塑膠污染。雖然邁向禁塑的道路似乎困難重重，許多國家已經切實落實這項政策，例如肯 亞和孟加拉。部分國家嘗試減少塑膠吸管的使用，新的聯合國決議無疑地會提升對海洋塑膠垃圾 的意識。
細看比特幣 比特幣是全球最受歡迎的虛擬貨幣。但比特幣到底是什麼？又如何運作？ 如果你聽說過比特幣，你很可能希望在比特幣剛問世時就買進一些。事實上，如果你在 2011 年只買了＄100 美元比特幣，現在你會是個百萬富翁。 比特幣到底是什麼？比特幣是一種新型數位貨幣。有些人稱為「加密電子貨幣」。有了比特 幣，人們可用網路傳送或收受這種貨幣。此外，這些可以匿名進行，毋須任何交易費用或服務 費。 比特幣靠區塊鏈技術提供支援。這是一個全球資料庫，在一種線上帳本網絡裡保存所有交易 紀錄。在新的比特幣被創造或「挖礦」出來時，區塊鏈也會予以紀錄在能認證系統中其他交易的 多台電腦上。 雖然比特幣今日已廣為人知，但它的創造者仍然是一個謎。外界唯一知道的是，一個人—或 一群人—使用中本聰的名字，創造了比特幣。然後一小群人開始使用，其後數年，比特幣面臨多 次起伏波折。 然後，在 2017 年，比特幣的價值開始一飛沖天，1 塊比特幣現在價值至少 1.6 萬美元。批評 者說比特幣是泡沫，他們預測比特幣很快會崩盤。然而，支持者說，比特幣是自網際網路以來， 世界遭遇的最大變革，他們相信，比特幣在未來幾年會持續上漲。 比特幣將面臨什麼樣的未來會呢？這點無法預料。然而，有件事可以確定：有了先進技術， 貨幣的價值不再受限於實體貨幣，數位貨幣正在崛起。
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Overfishing and Warming Seas Put Ocean Birds at Risk Overheated and overfished oceans result in the dropping fish stocks and the doom of inhabiting flocks. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Among the warning signs of global warming are rising
sea
temperatures.
Changes
to
water
temperatures put pressure on fish species by
interfering with their abilities to breed and find food. At the same time, humans are consuming more seafood than ever before, and the oceans are being empty of life to meet the demand. As of 2002, there were over 4 million fishing boats in the world, and more than 57 million people currently work in fishing and related industries. Every day, hundreds of thousands of fishing boats take to the water and return to their ports bursting with catches often weighing several tons. The continuing harvest of such large quantities of fish has dramatically reduced stocks, and nearly a third (31%) of food species in the world’s oceans are overfished. Declining fish stocks affect other organisms in the food chain, too. Some seabirds are in danger of becoming extinct unless things change. Black-legged kittiwakes, for example, depend on sand eels for food while they’re breeding. However, sand eel populations have dropped, meaning less food for kittiwake chicks. As a result, over 85% of newborn kittiwakes don’t survive. Another type of seabird faces a similar fate: the Cape gannet population is down to just half of what it was in the middle of the last century. Scientists from organizations like the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are calling for action on global warming and overfishing before it’s too late to reverse the situation.
Conservation efforts must be increased.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? (A) Humans are consuming less seafood than ever before but fish stocks are still decreasing. (B) Humans are consuming more seafood than ever before but fish stocks are still increasing. (C) Humans are consuming the same amount of seafood as before but fish stocks are still decreasing. (D) Humans are consuming more seafood than ever before and fish stocks are decreasing.
(
) 2. According to the passage, what percentage of food species in the world’s oceans are being overfished?
(
(A) 85%.
(B) 57%.
(C) 31%.
(D) 4%.
) 3. According to the passage, how do changes to ocean temperatures put pressure on fish species? (A) By interfering with the abilities of fish to breed and find food. (B) By increasing the number of people working in fishing and related industries. (C) By creating more fishing boats to meet the global demand for seafood. (D) By increasing the populations of fish-eating seabirds.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. overfish [οϖ2φΙΣ] vi. 過度捕撈
9. currently [κ31ντλΙ] adv. 目前
2. stock [στΑκ] n. [C] 存量，存貨
10. take to [τεκ τυ] phr. 走進，開始
3. doom [δυµ] n. [U] 毀滅，死亡，厄運
11. burst with [β3στ ωΙΤ] phr. 充滿
4. inhabit [ινη8βΙτ] vt. 棲居
12. declining [δΙκλαΙνΙ9] adj. 下降的
5. interfere [&Ιντ2φΙ1] vi. 妨礙
13. extinct [ΙκστΙ9κτ] adj. 絕種的，滅絕的
6. breed [βριδ] vi. 生育，繁殖
14. call for [κΟλ φΟρ] phr. 呼籲
7. consume [κ1νσυµ] vt. 消耗
15. conservation [&κΑνσ2ϖεΣ1ν] n. [U] 保育，保
8. meet the demand [µιτ ∆1 δΙµ8νδ] phr. 滿
護
足需求
Words for Recognition 1. black-legged kittiwake [βλ8κ λΕγδ κΙτΙ&ωεκ] n. [C] 黑腳三趾鷗 2. sand eel [σ8νδ ιλ] n. [C] 沙鰻；幾種生長於 地中海、西班牙海岸及波羅的海的細長魚類 的統稱
3. Cape gannet [κεπ γ8ν1τ] n. [C] 南非海岬塘 鵝 4. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 國際自然保護聯盟
News Messenger｜3
What the Color of Our Teeth Says About Oral Health Studies have shown having gleaming white teeth doesn’t necessarily mean your teeth are healthy. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Many people feel unsatisfied with the yellowish teeth beneath their smiles, and they __1__ to have dazzling white teeth using whitening products. This may just be vanity, but most people also equate having white teeth with good oral health. However, there is evidence that yellowish or brownish teeth can actually be just as strong and healthy __2__ white ones. Research has shown that yellow teeth aren’t necessarily unhealthy. Enamel, the outside layer of the teeth, is naturally bluish and translucent white. Since the enamel is translucent, the naturally yellow
dentine underneath shows through. In fact, people with white teeth can still have dental problems like tooth decay, cavities and infected gums if they weaken their teeth by bleaching them. The color of one’s teeth actually results largely from genetics, but is also influenced by diet. One professor from New York University used cows’ teeth to __3__ which beverages, such as black tea, red wine or white wine would leave stains on the teeth. Food such as tomatoes and curry can discolor the teeth. What’s more, __4__ dark-colored drinks like coffee, cola, and red wine can also leave stains on the teeth. Smoking causes the teeth to take on an unattractive brownish shade. Looking for a way to make your teeth whiter without weakening them? Food such as cauliflower, strawberries, yogurt, pineapple, and nuts are good for strengthening dental health and dissolving the stains on the teeth. When it __5__ to teeth, natural ones are stronger than paper white ones.
Fill in the Blanks (A) research
(B) certain
(C) strive
(D) comes
(E) as
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. gleaming [ΓλιµΙ9] adj. 光潔閃亮的
11. cavity [κ8ϖ1τΙ] n. [C] (牙齒的)蛀洞
2. unsatisfied [⊥νσ8τΙσφαΙδ] adj. 不滿意的
12. infected [ΙνφΕκτΙδ] adj. 受感染的
3. dazzling [δ8ζΛΙ9] adj. 耀眼的
13. gum [Γ⊥µ] n. [C] 牙齦
4. whiten [ηωαΙτΝ] vt.;vi. (使)變白
14. weaken [ωικ1ν] vt.;vi. (使)衰弱
5. vanity [ϖ8ν1τι] n. 虛榮心，虛無
15. bleach [βλιτΣ] vt. (以化學物質)漂白
6. equate [Ικωετ] vt. 同等看待
16. beverage [βΕϖ1ρΙδΖ] n. [C] 飲料
7. evidence [Εϖ1δ1νσ] n. [U] 證據，證明
17. stain [στεΙν] n. [C] 汙點
8. bluish [βλυΙΣ] adj. 略帶藍色的
18. discolor [δΙσκ⊥λ2] vt.; vi. (使)變色
9. translucent [τρ8νσλυσΝτ] adj. 半透明的
19. dissolve [δΙζΑλϖ] vt. 溶解，融化
10. decay [δΙκε] n. [U] 腐蝕
Words for Recognition 1. enamel [Ιν8µΛ] n. [U] (牙齒的)琺瑯質
3. genetics [δΖ1νΕτΙκσ] n. [U] 遺傳學
2. dentine [δΕντιν] n. 牙本質
4. yogurt [ϕοΓ2τ] n. [U] 優酪乳
Did You Know? When birds fly, their wings create a flapping sound when air rushes through their feathers. However, owls are silent predators who can sneak up on their prey without being detected. Their relatively large and broad wings allow them to glide without flapping too often, and the velvety down on their wings and legs absorbs noise. To know more about the graceful flights of owls, scan the picture with COCOAR2 or visit https://youtu.be/d_FEaFgJyfA.
閱讀測驗解答：1. D 2. C 3. A 文意選填解答：1. C 2. E 3. A 4. B
5. D
News Messenger｜5
Translation
過度捕撈與海洋升溫為海鳥帶來危機 過熱且過度捕撈的海洋導致魚量減少和臨海棲息鳥類的滅絕。 在眾多全球暖化的警訊中，海水溫度上升亦是其一。海水溫度的改變影響魚類繁殖和覓食的 能力，增加牠們的生存壓力。 同時，人類食用比以往更多的海產，而海洋一邊滿足人類需求一邊也漸趨了無生機。2002 年 時，世界上有四百萬艘漁船，而現在則有五千七百萬人從事捕魚或相關產業。成千上萬的漁船每 天由港口出海，再滿載幾噸的漁獲歸港。如此大量且持續的捕抓使得魚量劇減。而且世上近三分 之一(31%)的海中食用物種慘遭過度捕撈。 下降的漁產也影響到食物鏈中的其他生物。除非情況有所改變，否則某些海鳥即將面臨絕種 的危機。舉一個例子，像是黑腳三趾鷗繁殖期間以食用沙鰻為生。但在沙鰻數量愈趨下降的同時 也代表著三趾鷗幼鳥食物減少。結果導致超過百分之八十五的新生幼鳥五無法存活。另一種類的 海鳥也有著相同的命運：南非海岬塘鵝數量減至上個世紀中的一半。 像是國際自然保護聯盟這一類機構中的多位科學家都呼籲大眾，該為全球暖化和過度捕撈採 取行動，不要等到已經無法挽回的處境。自然保育必須更盡心力。
牙齒顏色表現出口腔健康 研究顯⽰擁有⼀⼝潔⽩閃亮的牙齒不代表你的牙齒很健康。 很多人不滿意一開口笑就看到黃牙板，他們努力使用美白產品以擁有閃亮亮的白牙。這也許 是虛榮，但大部分人也把擁有白牙和健康劃上等號。然而，證據顯示，黃牙或黃褐色的牙齒其實 也可以和白牙一樣強壯健康。 有研究表示，黃板牙不一定是不健康的。琺瑯質，牙齒外面的那一層，是天然微藍和透明偏 白。因為琺瑯質是透明的，所以下面原本黃色的牙本質就會顯露出來。事實上，牙齒白的人仍可 能因為漂白牙齒讓牙齒會變得脆弱而有齲齒、蛀牙和牙齦感染等牙科疾病。 一個人的牙齒顏色其實大多來自遺傳，但也受到飲食影響。一位紐約大學教授用牛的牙齒研 究哪一種飲料，例如紅茶、紅酒，或者白酒會在牙齒上留下汙漬。蕃茄和咖哩之類的食物也會讓 牙齒變色。某些深色飲料，像是咖啡、可樂和紅酒，會在牙齒上留下汙漬。抽菸則會造成牙齒染 上不討人喜歡的黑黃色。 想找個能讓你的牙齒白一些、但牙齒不會變脆弱的方法嗎？花椰菜、草莓、優格、鳳梨和堅 果類等的食物，都有助強化牙齒健康和溶解牙齒汙漬。談到牙齒，自然的牙比白得像紙一樣的牙 更強壯。
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BBC to Teach Students How to Identify Fake News Experienced journalists from BBC will be teaching students in the UK how to filter out false information from March this year. by Theodore Pigott Pigott, special correspondent
Can you tell if the news you are reading is true or fake? fake With easy access to the Internet, people receive vast amounts of information every day, and rumors spread like wildfire before they are confirmed. To tackle the problem of fake news, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) ( is launching laun an educational program that aims to teach secondary students in the United Kingdom how to tell the differences difference between real and fake news. BBC collaborated with the University of Salford on a year-long project to see how well British children between the ages of 9 and 14 could identify fake news. Their research showed that many of these students had trouble distinguishing between real and fake when it came to news stories, even though most of them had heard about fake news before. The program, which will launch in March this year, will include mentoring from BBC journalist ournalists,, and students both in schools and online in UK will be taught how to filter the news they receive. receive They want to ensure that teenagers can be equipped with the knowledge to avoid being deceived by misinformation and fabricated news. Up to 1,000 1 000 schools will derive benefit from this scheme scheme. “There’ss more more information than ever before,” said James Harding, Harding, director of BBC News News,, “some “some of it is old news. news Some ome of it is half truths. Some of it is just downright lies. And it’s it’s harder than ever when you look at those information feeds to discern what’s true and what’s what’ not.” This This new initiative intends to enable people to make better choices not only about the news they consume, consume, but also in their lives lives.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) The BBC’s new program to assist students in becoming international journalists. (B) How fake news has increased the popularity of the news industry. (C) A program launched by the BBC to help students identify fake news. (D) A guide to improving the quality of news stories found on social media.
(
) 2. What caused the BBC to start its program to educate young students about fake news? (A) It wanted to make sure that these young students would enter BBC in the future. (B) The BBC wanted to do a news story about young students and the rise of “fake news.” (C) Their study showed that many students had trouble telling real news from fake news. (D) Parents in the UK requested the government to launch this program.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following about the BBC’s new program is true? (A) The University of Salford will also attend the program. (B) The program will start from March 2018. (C) Students worldwide will benefit from the program. (D) Students will have the chance to become interns.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. identify [αΙδΕντ1&φαΙ] vt. 分辨 2. spread like wildfire phr. (消息)迅速傳開
8. misinformation [&µΙσΙνφ1µεΣ1ν] n. [U] 錯 誤的資訊
3. tackle [τ8κΛ] vt. 對付，處理
9. fabricate [φ8βρΙ&κετ] vt. 捏造，虛構
4. collaborate [κ1λ8β1&ρετ] vi. 合作
10. derive [δΙραΙϖ] vt. 從……中獲得
5. distinguish [δΙστΙ9ΓωΙΣ] vi.; vt. 分辨
11. scheme [σκιµ] n. [C] 計劃
6. ensure [ΙνΣ5ρ] vt. 確保，保證
12. feed [φιδ] n. [C] 動態，消息
7. deceive [δΙσιϖ] vt. 矇騙
13. enable [ΙνεβΛ] vt. 使能夠
Words for Recognition 1. the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) n. 英國廣播公司 2. the University of Salford n. 索爾福德大學 3. mentor [µΕντ2] vt. 指導
4. downright [δα5ν&ραΙτ] adj. 完全的 5. discern [δΙζ3ν] vt. 辨別出
News Messenger｜3
The Secret Behind Sticking to Your Resolutions A study has shown that making resolutions come true requires more than willpower and self-control. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
People around the world make New Year’s resolutions and vow to stop doing something, such as smoking, overeating, or spending too much time on Facebook, __1__ others promise to start doing something, such as exercising, getting enough sleep, or reading more books. Unfortunately, most people’s resolutions fall by the wayside before the goal is attained. However, professor David DeSteno has claimed that he has found the tool to help people persevere with their resolutions—social emotions. In the past, many people believed that resolutions were all about willpower. In other words, if people had enough willpower and self-discipline, they would be able to __2__ their goals. Desteno, however, expressed that this __3__ can actually be stressful, and it is not effective in the long term since willpower diminishes over time. On the other hand, positive emotions such as gratitude, compassion, and a sense of pride naturally incline people to be patient and have more perseverance. Instead of squashing the desire for pleasure, these emotions help people __4__ the future more, thereby enhancing their self-control. Research has shown that these emotions also reduce the feeling of depression and anxiety, and lower heart rate and blood pressure. So, if you really want to stick to your resolutions in 2018, DeSteno __5__ that you start by being grateful for what you have, thinking about others, and taking pride in the things you can do well. By doing so, you have a better chance of being successful in your resolutions for the new year.
Fill in the Blanks (A) approach
(B) achieve
(C) advises
(D) while
(E) value
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. resolution [&ρΕζ1λυΣ1ν] n. [C] 決心，決定
9. in the long term phr. 長期看來
2. vow [ϖα5] vt. 發誓
10. diminish [δ1µΙνΙΣ] vi.; vt. 減少，降低
3. fall by the wayside phr. 半途而廢
11. gratitude [Γρ8τ1&τϕυδ] n. [U] 感激之情 grateful [Γρετφ1λ] adj. 感激的
4. attain [1τεν] vt. 實現，獲得 5. professor [πρ1φΕσ2] n. [C] 教授
12. compassion [κ1µπ8Σ1ν] n. [U] 同情
6. persevere [&π3σ1ϖΙρ] vi. 堅持
13. incline [ΙνκλαΙν] vi.; vt. (使)傾向於
perseverance [&π3σ1ϖΙρ1νσ] n. [U] 堅持不懈
14. squash [σκωΑΣ] vt. 制止，去除
7. emotion [ΙµοΣ1ν] n. [C] 情感
15. thereby [∆ΕρβαΙ] adv. 因此，從而
8. self-discipline [&σΕλφδΙσ1πλΙν] n. [U] 自律
16. depression [δΙπρΕΣ1ν] n. [U] 憂鬱，抑鬱
Words for Recognition 1. willpower [ωΙλ&πα52] n. [U] 意志力
2. David DeSteno n. 大衛·德斯特諾，美國西北 大學心理學教授
Did You Know? In Roman mythology, Cupid, the god of love, is often depicted as an attractive and slender young man with wings. He carries golden arrows and a bow, and whoever is shot by Cupid’s arrow will fall deeply in love. During the Renaissance (文藝復興), he was increasingly portrayed as a light-hearted and playful cherub (小天使). The depiction went on to become a popular symbol for Valentine’s Day when the image appeared on Valentine’s Day cards during the late 18th century.
閱讀測驗解答：1. C 2. C 3. B 文意選填解答：1. D 2. B 3. A 4. E
5. C
News Messenger｜5
Translation
英國廣播公司將教學生如何區分假新聞 今年 3 月起，英國廣播公司的資深記者將教導英國學生如何過濾不實訊息。 你能分得出你看的新聞是真還是假嗎？網路資源隨手可得，人們每天都會收到大量訊息，而謠 言在證實之前便已野火燎原般散布出去。為了應付假新聞的問題，英國廣播公司即將啟動教育課程， 旨在教導英國的中學生如何分辨真假新聞。 英國廣播公司和索爾福德大學合作進行一年期的研究，以了解 9-14 歲的英國兒童辨識假新聞 的能力。他們的研究顯示，面對新聞報導，這些學生中有許多不會分辨真假，即使大部分的人先前 都聽說過假新聞。今年 3 月即將啟動的這項課程，內容包含來自英國廣播公司記者的指導。英國學 生不管在校或線上，都能學著如何過濾他們接收到的新聞。他們想確保青少年能有見識，避免被錯 誤訊息和捏造新聞所騙。多達 1000 所學校可自該計畫獲益。 英國廣播公司新聞部主任哈丁説： 「現在的資訊量比過去多更多。有些是舊聞，有些半真半假， 有些則是徹頭徹尾的謊言。當你檢視那些動態消息，想辨別哪些是真及哪些是假，比以往更加困難。」 這項新計劃的用意是讓大家不僅對他們看的新聞、也在他們的生活裡，做出更好的抉擇。
貫徹決心的背後秘密 研究顯示：要實現決心，需要的不只是意志力和自我控制。 全世界的人都會許下新年新希望，誓言停止惡習，比方說吸煙、過度飲食、花太多時間滑臉書， 其他人則信誓旦旦養成好習慣，例如運動、充足睡眠，或讀更多的書。不幸的是，在達成目標之前， 大多數人已經半途而廢。然而，大衛·德斯特諾教授聲稱他找到了幫助人們貫徹決心的工具—社交 情緒。 過去，很多人相信決心取決於意志力。換句話說，如果人們有足夠的意志力和自律，就能達成 目標。然而，德斯特諾表示，這種做法其實可能造成壓力，而且長期來看效果並不好，因為意志力 會隨著時間推移而減弱。另一方面，感恩、同情和自豪感等正面情緒，自然而然讓人有耐性，也更 有毅力。這些情緒並未壓抑對快樂的渴望，而是幫助人們更重視未來，從而加強自我控制。研究顯 示，這些情緒也減少了抑鬱和焦慮感受，並減慢心跳和降低血壓。 所以，如果你真的想在 2018 年貫徹決心，德斯特諾建議，先從感恩你擁有的東西、為他人著 想、以及為你能做好的事感到自豪做起。這樣做的話，你的新年新希望比較可能會成功。
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The Xuantong emperor, Puyi, was forced to
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abdicate on February 12, 1912 after the Xinhai
and translation.
Revolution.. He was the last emperor of China.
This month in history
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Tuesday uesday, February 20,, 2018 vol. 268 26
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Pink or Blue－What Blue What Does it Mean to You? When it comes to color and genders, our associations today are very different from the past. past by Jason Grenier Grenier, special correspondent
It is often difficult to tell if a baby is a boy or a girl, and many of us will take a quick peek at the color of the child’s child’s clothing before trying to make an educated guess. If we see blue we might reasonably assume it’s a boy, whereas pink may lead us to believe it’s a little girl. This rule of thumb may work well enough in this day and age, but applying it certainly would have led to different results at other points in history. In
fact,
the
situation or situation—or
rather
the
assumptio —used assumption— used to be completely reversed. Before efore the 20th century, boys wearing pink was considered the norm. norm Itt was thought that pink expressed supposedly masculine qualities, like strength and boldness. boldness Girls rls at the time were just as often dressed in blue garments as they were in pink ones. By the early 1900s, consensus about who should should wear what color started to emerge.. It was largely driven by manufacturers trying to sell products. Nowadays, most people associate pink with all things feminine. Indeed, everything from makeup to fashion accessories to toys is color-coded feminine. coded,, with pink products marketed overwhelmingly to females. This sales tactic leads to the popular stereotype that women’s women’ possessions ought to be fragrant,, flowery, and delicate. delicate Professor Jo Paoletti noted that if someone was wearing black in the late 1800s, people would assume that someone had died and that the person was in mourning. mourning. Today, we see people wear black all the time, and people see black as just a color. She is hopeful that the stereotypes stereotypes of colors can be dispelled when we believe pink is just a color.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) The color pink and people’s association with it throughout history. (B) How manufacturers successfully promote products with colors. (C) How garments of different colors affect people’s emotion. (D) The meaning behind several common colors.
(
) 2. According to the passage, when did pink become a color for girls? (A) During the 18th century when pink dresses became all the rage. (B) In the early 2000s when many popular actresses were wearing the color. (C) Around the 1900s when companies tried to sell more products based on colors. (D) In the 2010s when many famous designers make dresses in pink.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) The color pink used to symbolize masculine qualities. (B) The color blue was associated with boys since the 18th century. (C) Most people today don’t think of black as a color of mourning anymore. (D) Many manufacturers try to promote products based on genders and colors.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. association [1&σοσΙεΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 聯想 associate [1σοσΙ&ετ] vt. 聯想，聯繫 2. assume [1συµ] vt. 假定，假設 assumption [1σ⊥µπΣ1ν] n. [C] 假設
9. emerge [Ιµ3δΖ] vi. 出現，浮現 10. manufacturer [&µ8νϕ1φ8κτΣ1ρ2] n. [C] 製造商
11. feminine [φΕµ1νΙν] adj. 女性的 12. accessory [8κσΕσ1ρΙ] n. [C] 裝飾品，配飾
3. norm [νΟρµ] n. (sing.) 常態，正常行為
13. tactic [τ8κτΙκ] n. [C] 策略，手法
4. supposedly [σ1ποζΙδλΙ] adv. 據稱，據信
14. possession [π1ζΕΣ1ν] n. [C] 所有物
5. masculine [µ8σκϕ1λΙν] adj 男子氣概的
15. fragrant [φρεΓρ1ντ] adj. 芳香的
6. boldness [βολδνΙσ] n. [U] 勇敢，大膽
16. delicate [δΕλ1κ1τ] adj. 精緻的
7. garment [ΓΑρµ1ντ] n. [C] 服裝，衣著
17. mourning [µορν] n. [U] 哀悼，服喪
8. consensus [κ1νσΕνσ1σ] n. [U] 共識
Words for Recognition 1. rule of thumb phr. 經驗法則
2. color-coded [κ⊥λ2&κοδΙδ] adj. 以色彩劃分的
News Messenger｜3
Winter is Coming—Have you Booked Your Room Yet? This year, the ice hotel in Lapland, Finland features characters from one of the most popular fantasy worlds: Game of Thrones. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Lapland in northern Finland is a frozen landscape for much of the year. The __1__, famous for its pine trees and long winters, shares borders with Sweden, Norway, and Russia. The first snows arrive in September or October every year and cover the ground until they finally start to melt in May. The rugged geography and Arctic __2__ make Lapland the perfect setting for an ice hotel based on George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire series. The hotel is
part
of
an
amazing
wonderland called SnowVillage, which has been built in the town of Kittilä. The hotel boasts twenty-four rooms, some of which
have
accommodate Photo: SnowVillage
beds __3__
to guests
who are willing to brave the
bone-chilling temperatures, which hover around -5℃, even inside. The hotel’s rooms are all __4__ with sculptures carved from ice and snow to resemble characters and familiar props from Martin’s fantasy world. There’s an elaborate ice slide in the shape of a dragon and a full-sized model of the Iron Throne which guests can sit on. There’s even a towering White Walker with glowing pale blue eyes to thrill visitors. Besides the Game of Thrones hotel, the charming SnowVillage has a restaurant, a movie theater, and gift shops. The restaurant features muted blue light to __5__ the tables, chairs, and even drinking glasses made of ice. Since Kittilä is located some 200km north of the Arctic Circle, it’s also a perfect place to view the incredible natural phenomenon of the Northern Lights.
Fill in the Blanks (A) decorated
(B) overnight
(C) climate
(D) complement
(E) region
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
4｜News Messenger
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. landscape [λ8νσκεπ] n. [C] 風景，景色
9. sculpture [σκ⊥λπτΣ2] n. [C] 雕塑，雕刻
2. border [βΟρδ2] n. [C] 國境，邊界
10. carve [κΑρϖ] vt. 雕刻
3. rugged [ρ⊥ΓΙδ] adj. 崎嶇難行的
11. resemble [ρΙζΕµβΛ] vt. 像，看起來像
4. Arctic [ΑρκτΙκ] adj. 北極的
12. prop [πρΑπ] n. [C] 道具
5. boast [βοστ] vt. 擁有
13. elaborate [Ιλ8β1ρΙτ] adj. 精心製作的
6. accommodate [&π3σ1ϖΙρ] vi. 堅持
14. thrill [ΤρΙλ] vt. 使興奮
7. brave [βρεϖ] vt. 勇敢面對
15. muted [µϕυτΙδ] adj. 柔和的，不耀眼的
8. hover [η⊥ϖ2] vi. 徘徊
16. phenomenon [φ1νΑµ1&νΑν] n. [C] 現象
Words for Recognition 1. Lapland [λ8π&λ8νδ] n. 拉普蘭區，位於芬蘭 4. Norway [νΟρωε] n. 挪威 北部的行政區。
5. Russia [ρ⊥Σ1] n. 俄國
2. Finland [φΙνλ1νδ] n. 芬蘭
6. George R.R. Martin n. 喬治·R·R·馬丁
3. Game of Thrones n. 影集《權力遊戲》，由
7. A Song of Ice and Fire n.《冰與火之歌》
HBO 改編自喬治·R·R·馬丁的奇幻文學小說
8. wonderland [ω⊥δ2&λ8νδ] n. 仙境
《冰與火之歌》。
9. Kittilä n. 基蒂萊，芬蘭拉普蘭區市鎮之一
Did You Know? In bullfighting, the bull charges as the bullfighter waves a red cape in front of it. This has led many people to believe that the color red makes the bull angry. However, bulls are actually color-blind for red and green, and it is the movement of the cape that causes the bull to attack. The red color of the cape is simply a tradition, and is only used in the last stage of the three stages of bullfighting.
閱讀測驗解答：1. A 2. C 3. B 文意選填解答：1. E 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
News Messenger｜5
Translation
粉紅或藍色—對你來說代表什麼？ 談到顏色和性別，我們的聯想和過去非常不同。 要分辨嬰兒性別是男孩或女孩通常有點困難，我們之中有許多人會很快的先瞥一眼孩子衣服的 顏色，才會試著做出合理的猜測。如果看到藍色，我們可能會合理假設這是個小男孩，粉紅色則可 能讓我們認為這是個小女孩。這個經驗法則在現代可能蠻管用的，但在歷史上其他的時間點運用這 個方法，會得到不同的結論。 事實上，這個情況—或是假設—曾經完全相反。也就是說，在20 世紀之前，男孩穿著粉紅色， 被認為是常態。人們認為粉紅色表現出所謂的男子氣概，如：力量和膽識。那時的女孩穿藍色的衣 服和穿粉紅色的一樣常見。 到20 世紀初，人們對於誰該穿什麼顏色，開始形成共識。驅動的原因主要來自製造商想銷售 產品。現今，大多數人都將粉紅色與所有女性化的東西聯想在一起。確實從化妝、時尚配件到玩具， 每樣東西都以顏色作為區別，粉紅色的產品一股腦地行銷給女性。這種銷售策略造成的女性物品都 應該芳香、華麗和細緻的廣泛刻板印象。 鮑雷堤教授指出，如果有人在19 世紀末期身穿黑色衣服，人們會假設有人過世了，而身穿黑 衣的人正在哀悼。現在，我們經常看到人們穿著黑色，而人們僅把黑色看成一種顏色。鮑雷堤希望， 等我們相信粉紅色不過是一種顏色，色彩的刻板印象能排除一空。
凜冬將至──你訂房了嗎？ 今年，芬蘭拉普蘭區的冰旅館以最受歡迎的奇幻世界：《權力遊戲》的角色為特色。 芬蘭北部的拉普蘭區全年多半時間都是冰封雪景。這個地區以松樹和漫漫長冬聞名，與瑞典、 挪威和俄羅斯接壤。每年第一場雪在9 月或10 月降下，冰雪覆蓋大地直到隔年5 月才終於開始融 化。 崎嶇地形和北極氣候使拉普蘭成為打造喬治•馬丁《權力遊戲》系列的冰旅館的理想地點。這 家旅館蓋在基蒂萊鎮一個叫做「冰雪村」的奇境。冰旅館有24 間客房，其中一部分有床，可讓不 畏寒冷刺骨的客人過夜，那裡即使在室內也攝氏零下5 度左右。 旅館的房間全都裝飾了冰雕，仿造馬丁奇幻世界出現過的人物和熟悉的道具。那裡有個精緻的 龍形冰滑梯，以一比一的「鐵王座」供遊客體驗。甚至有個眼睛會發出白色藍光的「異鬼」，他有 會，讓遊客感到興奮。除了「權力遊戲」的旅館之外，迷人的冰雪村有餐廳、電影院，和多家禮品 店。餐廳以柔和的藍光，襯托冰塊作成的桌子、椅子甚至是水杯。由於基蒂萊位於北極圈以北約200 公里處，也是觀賞北極光，這令人難以置信自然景象的絕佳地點。 三民東大學習網 www.grandeast.com.tw/English/
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This month in history Telephone inventor Alexander Graham
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Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in
and translation.
Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Severe Water Crisis Looms for Cape Town After three years of relentless drought, drought taps in Cape Town is facing the threat of running dry. dry by Theodore Pigott Pigott, special correspondent
Just three years ago, the problems that Cape Town South Africa, Town, Africa, is now facing would have been unthinkable. Back in unthinkable. n 2014, the city had a stable water supply, and its dams were full of water. In fact, Cape Town won an environmental award for its water
management
the
following
year year.
Unfortunately, the situation has been reversed completely this year, and Cape Town is facing the worst water crisis in centuries. centuries From February 1, the water consumption limit for residents in Cape Town is 50 liters a day. The government has cautioned that “Day Zero” will be coming to Cape Town in April April.. On this day, the water supply to homes and businesses will be shut off. off Water ater will still be available to the city’s hospitals and schools, but many of Cape Town’s four million residents will be affected by this action. People eople will have to queue up for water every day, and some have predicted that this will spark off unrest and even riots or violence. violence What has led to this severe crisis? crisis The water reservoir is almost depleted after a three-yea year drought, and the dam that supplies half of Cape Town’s water is only at 13% capacity. capacity Some ome say that this highlights the dangers of global climate change. Experts xperts expressed that droughts like this may soon become common in many other parts of the world. Local officials have urged residents to conserve water. Deputy mayor, mayor, Ian Neilson, emphasized that “Day Zero” can still be averted, averted, and if people cut down on water consumption, consumption, the tap will be more likely to stay open to the rainy season in May.
2｜News Messenger
Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) A series of droughts that has hit cities across Africa since 2014. (B) A severe drought that may cause Cape Town to cut off the water supply. (C) A new program of the Cape Town government to conserve water. (D) An environmental award that Cape Town won for its water management.
(
) 2. According to the passage, what caused the water crisis in Cape Town to arise? (A) Rapid population growth in Cape Town since 2014. (B) An unstable water supply system that was built recently. (C) Global climate change that caused more severe droughts. (D) Industrial development and water pollution.
(
) 3. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (A) On Day Zero, water supply across South Africa will be shut off. (B) The water consumption limit for residents in Cape Town is 70 liters a day. (C) The water capacity of the dam in Cape Town is at 30%. (D) Day Zero can still be avoided if water consumption is reduced.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. drought [δρα5τ] n. [C][U] 旱災
9. riot [ραΙ1τ] n. [C] 暴亂，騷亂
2. tap [τ8π] n. [C] 水龍頭
10. violence [ϖαΙ1λ1νσ] n. [U] 暴力
3. unthinkable [⊥νΤΙ9κ1βΛ] adj. 難以想像的
11. reservoir [ρΕζ2&ϖΟρ] n. [C] 水庫
4. stable [στεβΛ] adj. 穩定的
12. capacity [κ1π8σ1τΙ] n. [U] 容量
5. dam [δ8µ] n. [C] 水壩
13. deputy [δΕπϕ1τΙ] n. [C] 副手
6. reverse [ρΙϖ3σ] vt. 徹底改變
14. avert [1ϖ3τ] vt. 防止，避免
7. spark off phr. 觸發
15. consumption [κ1νσ⊥µπΣ1ν] n. [U] 消耗量
8. unrest [⊥νρΕστ] n. [U] 動亂，動盪
Words for Recognition 1. loom [λυµ] vi. 逼近 2. Cape Town n. 開普敦，南非立法首都
3. relentless [ρΙλΕντλΙσ] adj. 持續不斷的
4. South Africa n. 南非共和國 5. deplete [δΙπλιτ] vt. 消耗，耗盡
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Travel Frog Sweeps Taiwan and China A new game featuring a traveling frog makes the players’ heart leap with joy with its snapshots and souvenirs. by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent
Have you started keeping your very own pet frog? The game Tabikaeru, also known as “Travel Frog,” has been all the rage in Taiwan and China. The game was developed by a Japanese company called Hit-Point. When it was first released in December 2017, the game was not that successful in Japan. However, in 2018, it began to gain popularity __1__ gamers in China and Taiwan. In fact, it has already been downloaded more than 3.9 million times by users in Apple App Store in China alone. The game features an adorable frog that goes on journey at whim, and players have very little control __2__ the frog. The only task players __3__ to is collecting clovers from the garden, which can be used to afford food, supplies or lucky charms for the frog. When the frog roams the country, it sends postcards or brings back souvenirs and regional specialties. When it’s at home, players see it eating, writing or dozing over a book. Why is this game so popular among players in China and Taiwan? A Taiwanese psychologist said it __4__ to young people who are very busy at work, since the game requires little effort or attention. What’s more, players can get a sense of security and satisfaction from the frog because no matter where the frog goes, it will always come home. If you are looking for a game that doesn’t put __5__ burden on you, allow Travel Frog to show you its journeys and the wonders of Japan.
Fill in the Blanks (A) over
(B) attend
(C) appeals
(D) among
(E) excessive
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
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Vocabulary and Phrases 1. sweep [σωιπ] vt.; vi. 風行，風靡
7. charm [τΣΑρµ] n. [C] 護身符
2. feature [φιτΣ2] vt. 以…為特色
8. roam [ροµ] vi.; vt. 閒逛，漫遊
3. be (all) the rage phr. 風靡一時
9. doze [δοζ] vi. 打瞌睡
4. adorable [1δορ1βΛ] adj. 可愛的
10. psychologist [σΑΙκΑλ1δΖΙστ] n. [C] 心理學家
5. whim [ηωΙµ] n. [C] 突然的念頭
11. security [σΙκϕ5ρ1τΙ] n. [U] 安全感
6. clover [κλοϖ2] n. [C] 三葉草
12. satisfaction [&σ8τΙσφ8κΣ1ν] n. [U] 滿足，滿意
Words for Recognition 1. snapshot [σν8π&ΣΑτ] n. [C] 照片，快照
2. Tabikaeru n. (遊戲名)旅行青蛙
Movie Insider Adapted from the best-selling spy fiction novel by Jason Matthews, Red Sparrow tells the story of Dominika Egorova, a ballerina who was trained to become a Russian spy in Sparrow School. After enduring the torturing training process, she became the most Scan with COCOAR2 for trailer! dangerous sparrow the program has ever produced, seducing and manipulating the enemy. When she was assigned to seduce a CIA agent in her first mission, the forbidden passion between the two threatens not just their lives but also the security of their nations. Visit https://youtu.be/PmUL6wMpMWw or scan the photo with COCOAR2 for trailer.
閱讀測驗解答：1. B 2. C 3. D 文意選填解答：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. E
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Translation
開普敦面臨嚴重缺水危機 經過三年持續的乾旱，開普敦的水龍頭正面臨乾涸的威脅。 南非開普敦現在面臨的問題是三年前所無法想像的。2014 年，該市供水穩定，水壩裡蓄滿了 水。事實上，開普敦隔年還因水資源管理贏得環境保育獎。不幸的是，今年情況完全逆轉，開普敦 面臨數世紀以來最嚴重的缺水危機。 自 2 月 1 日起，開普敦居民的用水量上限是每天 50 公升。政府已警告， 「零水日」將在 4 月份 降臨開普敦。這一天，家庭和企業的供水將被關閉。該市醫院和學校仍然有水可用，但開普敦 400 萬居民中將有許多人受到這項措施的影響。民眾將必須每天排隊取水，部分人士預測這將引發動亂 不安，甚至暴動或暴力事件。 是什麼原因導致這場嚴重的危機？經過三年的乾旱，水庫幾乎枯竭，而供應開普敦半數用水的 水壩蓄水量僅有 13％。有人說這凸顯了全球氣候變遷的危險。專家表示，類似的乾旱情形可能很 快將在世界許多上其他地方頻繁發生。 開普敦地方官員已敦促居民節約用水。副市長伊恩•尼爾森強調， 「零水日」仍然可以避免，如 果大家減少用水，水龍頭將有較大的機會保持供水直至 5 月的雨季。
旅行青蛙橫掃台灣和中國 ⼀款以旅行蛙為主⾓的新遊戲，讓玩家的⼼因為快照和紀念品⽽雀躍不已。 你開始養自己的寵物青蛙了嗎？這款遊戲《旅かえる》(旅行歸來)，又被稱作「旅行青蛙」， 已經風靡台灣和中國。該遊戲由一家名為 Hit-Point 的日本公司所開發。2017 年 12 月這款遊戲首次 推出時，在日本並沒有那麼成功。然而，2018 年時它開始在中國和台灣的玩家當中流行起來。事 實上，光是在中國的蘋果應用程式商店，用戶下載次數就已經超過 390 萬次。 遊戲裡有一隻會心血來潮就跑去旅行的可愛青蛙，玩家幾乎無從掌控牠。玩家唯一能做的就是 從花園收集三葉草，用來購買給青蛙的食物、補給或幸運符。青蛙在日本各地漫遊時，會寄明信片 或帶紀念品和地方特產回來。當牠宅在家裡時，玩家則會看到它正在吃東西、寫信或對著書打盹。 為什麼這款遊戲在中國和台灣玩家之中會如此受歡迎？一位台灣心理學家說，這遊戲對工作繁 忙的年輕人很有吸引力，因為它不需要花太多心力。而且，玩家可以從青蛙身上獲得安全感和滿足 感，因為無論青蛙跑去哪兒，牠永遠都會回家。 如果你正在找一款不會讓你負擔太重的遊戲，就讓旅行蛙和你分享牠的旅程和日本的各地風景 吧。
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This month in history Like us on American playwright Tennessee Williams was born on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. One of his most famous @SanminEnglishEditor works is A Streetcar Named Desire.
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Tuesday, March 20, 2018 vol. 270 復北店：臺北市 10476 復興北路 386 號 電話：(02)2500-6600 傳真：(02)2506-4000 重南店：臺北市 10045 重慶南路 1 段 61 號 電話：(02)2361-7511 傳真：(02)2361-3355
Hualien Suffers the Effects of a Major Earthquake After a 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck Hualien, several buildings were severely damaged, and a great number of residents and tourists were killed or injured. by Jason Grenier, special correspondent
Hualien is recovering from a powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4. The catastrophe struck just before midnight on February 6, and residents as well as tourists on Taiwan’s east coast scrambled for safety after being awakened by the violent shaking. Hundreds of the injured were rushed to local hospitals, filling emergency rooms to capacity. A number of smaller earthquakes had preceded the big one, and multiple aftershocks had occurred since the main earthquake. Four buildings were severely damaged. The first three stories of the Marshal Hotel collapsed under the weight of the upper floors. The Yun Men Tsui Ti building tilted when the walls and columns on the lower floors failed under the stress and caved in. Sadly, many people inside were unable to escape. The earthquake left
Photo: Ministry of the Interior
17 dead and 291 injured. The tragic loss of life occurred despite valiant efforts of rescue crews who rushed into the wrecked building to locate and assist trapped survivors, even as it was leaning severely and at risk of complete collapse. Powerful aftershocks happened as they worked, making the building highly unstable. Not only were the buildings wrecked by the deadly earthquake, but the local tourism also took a hard hit. The government has provided a subsidy of 55 million NT dollars to the local tourism, and hotel owners encourage people to visit Hualien for a sightseeing trip to show support. The Tourism Bureau has issued a notice assuring tourists that sightseeing areas and tourist attractions in Hualien have not been affected by the earthquake, urging tourists to visit the beautiful place.
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Reading Comprehension (
) 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) A powerful earthquake that struck Hualien. (B) Famous tourist attractions in Hualian. (C) How to react during an earthquake. (D) The science of earthquakes and aftershocks. (
) 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true? (A) More than 400 people were injured in the earthquake. (B) Only the residents in Hualien were injured. (C) Only two buildings were damaged in the earthquake. (D) The government has offered a subsidy to support local tourism.
(
) 3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (A) Many hotels in Hualien are fully booked because of the earthquake. (B) Water and power supply in Hualien will be shut off soon. (C) The hospitality industry in Hualien is suffering because of the earthquake. (D) The author believes Hualien is a great place for sightseeing.
Vocabulary and Phrases 1. magnitude n. [C] 震級
9. column n. [C] 柱
2. catastrophe n. [C]大災難
10. cave in phr. 塌陷
3. scramble vi.(急速地)移動
11. tragic adj.哀痛的
4. aftershock n. [C]餘震
12. valiantadj. 英勇的
5. precede vt. 在…之前發生
13. wreck adj. 受損的，被毀的
6. story n. [C] 樓層
14. subsidy n. [C] 補助金，津貼
7. collapse vi. 倒塌，坍塌
15. sightseeing n. [U] 觀光，遊覽
8. tilt vi.;vt. 傾斜
16. assure vt. 向…保證
Words for Recognition 1. Hualienn. 花蓮 2. Marshal Hotel n. 統帥大飯店
3. Yun Men Tsui Ti buildingn. 雲門翠堤大樓
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Why Do Americans and Brits Have Different Accents? Back in the 17th century, British spoke very differently from the British accent we know today. Although we may speak the same language, the way we speak—or more specifically, our accent—gives away which part of the world, country, or even city we come from. Languages __1__ over time, and speakers of the same language
who
geographical
live regions
in
different
will
typically
pronounce words differently. For example, you may have __2__ the difference between American accents and British accents from movies and televisions. However, did you know that British in the 17th century __3__ more like Americans today? According to the analysis by linguists, the English immigrants who settled in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 mostly spoke with a rhotic accent. The r was pronounced, and the pronunciation was generally more akin to modern-day American accent. It wasn’t until the 19th century that the non-rhotic accent in London and southern England started to __4__ popularity, especially among the upper class. During the Industrial Revolution, people who had become wealthy were seeking to distinguish themselves from other commoners and demonstrate their status. The London pronunciation became a fashionable articulation and the symbol of class. The pronunciation gradually became standardized and spread across Britain, and was officially called “Received Pronunciation”. The English language and accents have __5__ and undergone quite a few changes due to history and society. Today, most American accents have remained rhotic except for port cities such as New York and Boston, which were strongly influenced by the British elite after the American Revolutionary War in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Fill in the Blanks (A) sounded
(B) gain
(C) noticed
(D) develop
(E) evolved
(1)__________
(2)__________
(3)__________
(4)__________
(5)__________
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Vocabulary and Phrases 1. accent n. [C]口音，腔調
8. demonstrate vt. 顯示，表明
2. specifically adv.確切地
9. articulation n. [U] 發音，說話
3. give away phr. 泄露，暴露
10. standardize vt. 使標準化
4. geographical adj. 地理的
11. undergo vt. 經歷，經受
5. linguist n. [C]語言學家
12. society n. [C][U]社會
6. pronunciation n. [C][U] 發音 13. elite n. [C] 掌權人物，精英 7. commoner n. [C] 平民
Words for Recognition 1. Brit n. [C] 英國人
5. akin adj. 相似的
2. Jamestown n. 詹姆斯鎮
6. Received Pronunciation n. 標準英音
3. Virginia n. 維吉尼亞州
7. New York n. 紐約
4. rhotic adj. 將 r 音全部讀出的口音
8. Boston n. 波士頓
Movie Insider A young woman leaves her hometown to escape a troubled past and begin a new job. But when she is involuntarily committed to a mental institution, she is confronted by her greatest fear—but is it real or just her delusion? With seemingly no-one ready to believe her and the authorities unable or unwilling to help, she must confront her fears head on. With twisting perspectives and a shocking narrative, Unsane asks questions about our perception of reality, our survival instinct and the system that is supposed to take care of us. In theaters March 23rd.
Scan with COCOAR2 for trailer!
Visit https://youtu.be/12ZrXQg10OI or scan the photo with COCOAR2 for trailer. (by Twentieth Century Fox)
閱讀測驗解答：1. A 2. D 3. C 文意選填解答：1. D 2. C 3. A
4. B 5. E
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Translation
大地震影響，花蓮受創 規模 6.4 地震襲擊花蓮後，數棟建築物嚴重受損，居民和觀光客多人死傷。 花蓮正從規模 6.4 的強震中復原。這場浩劫於 2 月 6 日午夜前來襲，臺灣東海岸的居民和遊客 被劇烈震動喚醒後，爭先恐後想逃往安全處。數百名傷者被送進當地醫院，擠滿急診室。大地震之 前有數起較小地震，之後又發生了多次餘震。 四棟建築物嚴重受損。統帥酒店的一至三樓，不堪較高樓層的重量而坍塌。雲門翠堤大樓整個 傾斜，因為低樓層的牆壁和樑柱承受不住壓力而塌陷。很不幸的，裡面有許多人來不及逃生。此次 地震造成 17 人死亡，291 人受傷。儘管搜救人員奮不顧身，在建物已嚴重傾斜、有可能完全坍塌 時，都還衝進損毀的建物，尋找和協助受困倖存者，但仍發生慘重人命損失。搜救人員搶救時發生 了強大餘震，建物非常不穩定。 不僅樓房被致命地震摧毀，當地旅遊業也受重創。政府提供當地旅遊業台幣 5,500 萬元補助， 旅館業主鼓勵大家到花蓮觀光旅遊，表達支持。觀光局已經發布通知向遊客保證，花蓮的觀光區和 旅遊景點未受地震影響，敦促遊客造訪這個美麗的地方。
為什麼美國人和英國人口音不同？ 17 世紀時，英國人說話和我們今日所知的英國口音截然不同。 雖然我們可能會說同樣的語言，但我們的說話方式 ——或者更具體地說，我們的口音 ——透 露了我們來自世界、國家或甚至城市的哪一區。語言隨時間推移而發展，生活在不同地理區、講同 一種語言的人，通常會有不同的發音。例如，你可能從電影和電視上，曾注意到美國口音和英國口 音之間的差異。但你知不知道，17 世紀的英國人聽起來更像今日美國人？ 根據語言學家分析，1607 年定居在維吉尼亞州詹姆斯鎮的英國移民，講話大多有兒化音。 r 字母要發音，一般來說更像現代美國口音。直到 19 世紀，倫敦和英格蘭南部才開始流行不講兒化 音，特別是上流社會。工業革命時期，變得富有的人試圖將自己和其他平民區隔，彰顯他們的地位。 倫敦發音成為了時髦的咬字方式和階級代表。這個發音逐漸被標準化，並傳播至全英各地，被正式 稱為「標準英音」。 由於歷史和社會因素，英語和口音已經歷變化。時至今日，大部分美國口音留有兒化音，除了 紐約和波士頓等港口城市，這些地方在 18 世紀末、19 世紀初美國革命戰爭之後，深受英國精英的 影響。