Bombs and Banknotes: The Tragic Tale of Three Turkish Notes Kaan Uslu 9232 and Ömer Yalçinkaya 6706
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smet İnönü became the second president of the Republic of Turkey following the death of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on November 10, 1938, less than a year before the outbreak of World War II. İnönü’s portrait would eventually replace that of Atatürk on all Turkish notes, but the introduction of the new notes was disrupted by hostilities, despite Turkey’s neutrality which lasted until it ceremoniously joined with the Allies in February 1945, at which time the Axis forces’ fate was sealed. Lacking the technology to print its own banknotes in the 1940s, Turkey instead ordered notes from the major printing houses of the time, including Thomas De La Rue and Bradbury Wilkinson in England, American Bank Note Company in the United States, and Reichdrückerei in Germany. This article examines the unique history of three Turkish banknotes which were never issued due to WWII, and dispells an oft-repeated mistake concerning the tragic transport of one of the shipments of notes. Let us begin with the 50 Lira notes, with the law date 11 HAZİRAN 1930, bearing İnönü’s portrait (P136). A total of 4,000,000 pieces of these 50 Lira notes were printed by Thomas De La Rue in London. However, 126,000 of these notes were destroyed when the TDLR printing factory on Bunhill Row was hit by German air attacks on September 11, 1940. The remaining 3,874,000 notes were shipped to Turkey aboard the SS City of Newcastle on March 25, 1941 and were safely delivered to the Central Bank of Turkey. Despite having received them, the government decided not to issue these notes. Therefore, this 50 Lira note exists only in specimen and unissued, finished form.
replenishment on April 6, 1941, and later sunk as a result of an air raid by the Germans, an assumption now known to be wrong. We recently discovered a Lloyd’s Register book covering the years 1939 and 1940, which records the SS Yorkshire vessel as “Sunk war loss in October 1939” without mentioning where the sinking took place. Further investigation proved the German submarine U-37 torpedoed and sank the SS Yorkshire carrying passangers, parrafin wax and general cargo on its way from Rangoon, Burma to Liverpool, England in the Atlantic Ocean on October 17, 1939. Details can be viewed at http:// www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?14927 . In this case it could not have been the SS Yorkshire which was sunk in Piraeus in 1941! We deepened our research to find out which vessel was actually carrying the printed banknotes to their doom. Documents of the Central Bank of Turkey, Thomas De La Rue, Bradbury Wilkinson, World Ship Society, Plimsoll Ship Data and Ellerman Lines revealed the maritime company responsible for the shipment of the 50 Kurus and 100 Lira notes was Ellerman Line Ltd. This company first arranged for the notes to be transported aboard the SS City of Dundee, but later changed the vessel to the SS City of Roubaix. On April 6, 1941, the SS City of Roubaix was at Piraeus Harbor in Greece for replenishment. On the same day, a German army division
The unissued Turkey P136 50 Lira note, front and back.
The 50 Kurus notes (P133) printed by Bradbury Wilkinson and the 100 Lira notes (P137) printed by Thomas De La Rue were previously believed to have been carried by the British vessel SS Yorkshire, which stopped at the Piraeus Harbour in Greece for
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International Bank Note Society Journal 50.2
Document from Thomas de la Rue confirming the 50 Kurus and 100 Lira notes were consigned on the vessel SS City of Roubaix.