Architecture Case Studies of Ewha Valley (Ewha Campus Complex)

Chan Kah Gin Introduction to Design Principles

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AI 113

Ewha Valley by Dominique Perrault

Chan Kah Gin 1002058361 Diploma in Architectural Studies UCSI University

PORTFOLIO

kahgin06@gmail.com

Introduction This portfolio compiled all my architecture case studies for the past 4 months. It is about my understanding and analysis based on the building that I selected which is Ewha Valley (Ewha Campus Complex) designed by the French architect, Dominique Perrault.

Contents 01

ANALYSING ANALYSING

DESIGN

DESIGN

02

DESIGN

PRINCIPLES

POINTS

&

LINES

PLANES

&

VOLUME

03

ORGANISING FORM

&

ORGANIZATION

ORDERING

QUALITY

ARCHITECTURE

PRINCIPLES

OF

SPACE

&

CIRCULATION

Analysing design

Dominique Perrault Own a firm known as DPA

Became world known for the design of the French National Library

Prone to buried, excavated & nestled places

Other Projects that are similar to Ewha Valley :

- French National Library -

- Olympic Velodrome -

- Aplix Factory -

These projects from Dominique Perrault are similar to Ewha Valley as they had the same had the same concept from the architect - building should be a part of the topography.

Main Idea of the Design Ewha University decided to put up a multifunctional building to keep the student in campus after lecture time.

Merge architecture and landscape, blending buildings into the earth so that terms like “ground floor� begin to lose their meaning.

Location : 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea

New gateway to the Ewha campus

Problems & Solutions - 150km/h Korean wind -

- Enable light to penetrate into the

Metal plates with bolts clad the stiffeners and

building -

wind bracing rigidify the lateral stresses.

Suspended the floor thus creating a 3 meters empty space across the top.

- Thrust from the surrounding Concrete buttresses withstand the thrust from the earth.

Material Used

- Stainless Steel -

400 tons of steel was used just for the carcass of the facade.

- Glass -

- Concrete -

Filled with patches with different density at

Entire structure is made up of concrete.

different height to give privacy and still allow lights pass through.

The faรงade of Ewha Valley looks solid,

Metallic chimneys draw in air from the

There is no lamp installed the valley but it

like real rock cliffs in a rocky valley.

surface into the building.

still looks bright at night. The light comes from the inside of the building and it's reflected by the metal cladding.

Interesting Part of Ewha Valley

Summary

“ Architecture is showing the type of person you are”

Before doing this project, I had watched a program that films how architects works with their projects. I knew that every architects have their own concepts but I didn’t realized that the difference in their concepts would cause arguments with other architects as well. While doing this project, I had found out the concept of modern architecture by Le Corbusier. Both of the two architects have different points of view. Dominique Perrault thinks it's weird to build buildings on stilt because it will make the buildings seems separated from earth. He thinks that architecture should be a part of topography, not apart. The difference in their concept create uniqueness in their projects.

Points & Lines The white space represents the void in Ewha valley whereas the point (square) represents the depressed plane in the void. The line slowly transform from straight to wavy shows the building blends with nature as nature is more to organic shape and building is more to geometric shape.

Planes & Volume

Horizontal Elements Defining Space Base plane

Elevated base plane

Depressed base plane

Overhead plane

Elevated Base Plane - Level 1 -

Visual and spatial continuity of the elevated plane is interrupted as going to the upper floor plane. The picture on the right shows different elevated plane in the building. Highlighted space are different uses of space in the plane.

- Level 2 -

- Level 3 -

- Section of the building Highlighted spaces are elevated plane.

- Concert in the void -

- Section of the building -

The depressed void is served as an outdoor theater, and the stair can

The highlighted space show how deep the plane was depressed in the

serve as an amphitheater. The change in level in the stair benefits both

void.

the sightlines and the acoustical quality in the void.

Depressed Base Plane

- Different point of view -

Overhead Plane The roof plane of Ewha Valley is covered with garden so that it merged with the surrounding.

Vertical Elements Defining Space Vertical linear elements

Single vertical plane U-shaped plane

L-shaped plane

Four planes: Closure

Parallel planes

Vertical Linear Elements The grid of columns not only serves to

- Column-grid pattern -

support the floor or roof plane above, its orderly rows of columns also punctuate the spatial volume, mark off modular zones within the spatial field, and establish a measurable rhythm and scale that make the spatial dimensions comprehensible.

- Level 4 (Ground level) floor plan -

L - shaped Plane - Level 4 (Ground floor) floor plan The circled part is the L-shaped plane.

The L-shaped plane of Ewha Valley served

as

an

open

area

for

the

students to study or have an group discussion.

Parallel Planes The void between the building is defined by the two facing facade (parallel planes).

Four Planes : Closure - Level 1 floor plan The highlighted spaces are closure.

Form & Organization

Shapes Characteristic outline that we look at it first when identify the form of the building. The primary shape of the building is square which later transformed into rectangle.

Dimensional Transformation The primary form of the building is a cube but it later transformed into a cuboid by lengthen its length and shorten its height.

Removed following the topography to connected seamlessly to ground

Removed to form a void in

Subtractive Transformation

the center that brings light into the building

Removed to maintain the path at the side of the building as it is too close to another building

Removed to place a lift that reach towards the roof gardenÂ

Form Grouping Spatial tension

Edge-to-edge contact

Face-to-face contact

Interlocking volumes

Spatial Tension Spatial tension is created as the bottom part of the building is hidden underground and left only 2 cuboids which share a void within them visible when looking into the void. When a person looks into the building, their attention was caught by the void first. Thus, it create awkwardness as the void and the form are fighting for visual dominance.

Spatial Relationship Space within a space

Interlocking spaces

Adjacent spaces

Spaces linked by a common space

Space Within a Space

- Level 4 (Ground level) floor plan Highlighted space is the depressed void.

The depressed void is received completely by another space. This spatial relationship is used create an outdoor theater as the larger space is surrounding the smaller space, the smaller space naturally become a platform and become an amphitheater when combined with stair.

Interlocking Spaces

- Floor plan from level 1 to level 4 -

Level 1 till level 4 in the building are interlocking with the void as shown in the floor plan above. The lighter grey space represents each level and the void while the darker grey represents interlock of each space with the void. The stair in the void is used to maintain the spacial continuity with each level. The stair in the void also maintain the spatial continuity of the both side of the building.

Adjacent Spaces

- Level 1 floor plan Adjacent spaces are highlighted.

Ewha Valley consist mostly adjacent space. The visual continuity and physical access between each space is limited by walls to reinforce the individuality of each space.

Space Linked by a Common Space

- Section drawing The four levels that are separated by floor plane or overhead plane is linked to each other by a third intermediate space which is the void. The void is large enough to become the dominant space in this relationship and be capable of organizing those spaces about itself.

Organisation Centralised organisation

Linear organisation

Radial organisation

Clustered organisation

Grid organisation

Grid Organisation Ewha Valley consist many spaces

- Column-grid pattern -

that are differ in size, form and space. Thus, the architect used grid organization to organize all the spaces in this building. By using this organization, any number of forms and spaces can be visually organized by the points and lines in space or columns and walls in forms.

- Level 4 (Ground level) floor plan -

Ordering Principles

Ordering Principles Symmetry

Axis

Hierarchy

Repetition / Rhythm

Datum

Symmetry The form of the Ewha valley is bilateral symmetry as the form is balance on opposite sides of the median axis.

AXIS

- Level 1 floor plan -

Axis Ewha Valley has a symmetrical condition and it cannot exist without implying the existence of an axis.

SIXA

Hierachy

- Level 4 (Ground level) floor plan Highlighted space is the depressed void.

The void is made to be visually emphasized by having an exceptional size in form and space and act as the centerpiece of a symmetrical organization. The differences of the void compared to other spaces reflect the degree of importance of the void in the organization.

Repetition/Rhythm 1. Repetitions in vertical metal cladding.

2. Contrasting rhythms in stairs and landings.

3. Repetitions in column-grid patterns.

- Column-grid pattern -

Columns in each levels of the building repeat themselves to form repetitive structural bays and modules of space. Different space in the building can organize themselves easily by following the guidance of the points or the columns.

Datum

- Section of the building -

The void acts as a datum where both sides of the building

The roof plane serves to gather different sizes of spaces

can relate to. Highlighted space in the drawing above is

beneath it and frame them in its field.

the void.

- Column-grid pattern -

The columns are all related to a datum in both directions, vertical and horizontal.

The 4 sides or borders of the spaces in the building are a finite length of a part of the datum that is established by any two

points

in

the

columns in the form.

- Level 4 (Ground level) floor plan -

space

or

any

two

Abstract Composition The largest black space in the center shows hierarchy in size. The end of the rectangle which have constant repeating black and white thick lines shows contrasting rhythm. The repeating thin lines on both sides shows repetitions and also datum as where all the white spaces in it can relate.Â

Quality of Space & Circulation

Degree of Enclosure Openings between planes

Openings at corners

Openings within planes

Opening Between Planes Window-walls is used in the facade because the building is buried underground, windowwalls will offer more expansive views and permit a greater amount of daylight to penetrate the interior spaces.

Window-walls is also applied on the shopfronts.

-

View -

The scenery of the void is fragmented in sequence by metal cladding along the facade just like picture and drawing on the left.

-

Light -

The drawing on the left is the section of the building and it shows how light penetrated into the building.

Opening Within Planes An opening is located wholly within ceiling plane due to the installation

- View The opening is oriented upward to offer a view of the sky.

- Light Metal plates and water in the light well is used to reflect the light just like the drawing on the left.

of a lift that reach towards the roof garden. The opening exposed the concrete buttresses and the architect took this opportunity to create a light well to reflect the light and brighten the part of the building which is unable to be penetrated by sunlight.

Approach Frontal

Oblique

Spiral

Oblique Approach Redirected once (left/right) to delay and prolong the sequence of the approach towards every entrance.

Entrance Flush

Projected

Recessed

Projected Entrance The entrance is visually emphasized by the signboard above the canopy.

Configuration of the Path Linear

Radial

Spiral

Grid

Network

Composite

Linear configuration of path A straight path with branches is used to organize a series of spaces along it just like the floor plan below.

Path – Space Relationship Pass by spaces

Pass through spaces

Terminate in a space

- Level 1 floor plan The arrows show the configuration of path in level 1.

Pass by Spaces Hallways is related to the classes they link to ensure the integrity of each space is maintained.

Pass Through Spaces The students or visitors has to pass through the void in order to get to the opposite side of the building.

- Section of the building Highlighted space is the void.

Terminate Spaces Marks the end of the branches path.

- Level 1 floor plan Highlighted spaces are terminate spaces.

Form of the Circulation Space Enclosed Circular stair

Spiral stair

Open on one side U-shaped stair

Open on both sides L-shaped stair

Straight-run stair

Enclosed Hallways are connected the classrooms by linking to the entrance of the classrooms.

- Level 1 floor plan Highlighted spaces are enclosed spaces.

Open On One Side This type of hallway is connected to the classrooms on one side and on the other side, it is bordered with railing to define the boundary of the space and ensure the students safety.

- Level 1 floor plan Highlighted spaces are spaces with opening on one side.

CAMPUS EW HA

VA LL EY

CITY

Ewha Valley is connecting the campus and the city

just

like

the

picture

above.

When

the

people are coming from the city, they’ll first goes down the slope into the void and then

Straight - run stair

they come to the stairs. The steps of the stair

1. Huge stair at one end of the void.

in the void is wide and shallow so that it serves

2. Two stairs in the building run along

to invite peoples from the city into the campus.

the facade.

U - shaped stair U-shaped stair is expressed as a sculptural form. Its landings interrupt the run of a stair, enable peoples to change direction and provide opportunities for rest.

Thank you