Figure 2.11 - Cross ventilation

Cross ventilation requires the tenants' cooperation in opening windows (or other openings) on opposing sides of the building enough.

Figure 2.11 - Cross ventilation

(Source - Climate Responsive architecture: A design handbook foe energy efficient building)

Internal walls and obstructions, which might cause issues during the operation of the ventilation systems in the building, can reduce the efficacy of ventilation in deep areas.

A courtyard within the building can be used as a source of ventilation air. Air inside a tiny courtyard may move very little at the warmest times of day and year, motionless summer afternoons, and be a poor source of breeze for single-sided ventilation when it is most required (Fig. 2.12). In some hot climates, hallways were erected between courtyard areas to allow cross ventilation by drawing air from the courtyard and passing it into the next rooms via a side door.

• Stack and reverse stack ventilation -

Middle Eastern wind catchers are among the most advanced passive cooling devices in the world. They show how to pull air up and down the towers and through the structures using stack and reverse stack. On a hot summer afternoon with no wind, for example, the wind tower will be hot inside due to a stack effect that pushes warmer air up the tower, which is replenished by cold air from the courtyard in the summer room below.