Bhasa boli issue 1 2013 by Kartik Sahu

vad 1 o"kZ 2013

Hkk"kk cksyh

iqLrdky; dk;ZØe dh vfu;rdkyhu if=dk

vuqØe

Hkk"kk cksyh

iqLrdky; dk;ZØe dh vfu;rdkyhu if=dk

laikndh; ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dk fodkl & ;ksxsUæ nÙk

ijke'kZ

mUes'k czãs] lkSjHk cSuthZ

laiknu

eukst dqekj

laiknu e.My izca/k laiknd

dkfrZd pUnz lkgq

Hkk"kk ifjektZu

jkes'oj dkEckst

vkoj.k fMtkbu leUo;u izdk'kd eqnzd

Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dk fopkj] vuq'kalk,¡] uhfrxr ladYi vkSj dkuwuh çko/kku

fopkj cPpksa ds fy, lkfgR; ;k ikB~;iqLrd & panu ;kno

dfudk uk;j

lkaLd`frd igy

vtark xqgkBkdqjrk

dsjy dk iqLrdky; vkUnksyu vkSj ukxfjd f'k{kk & ,e-ih- ijes'oju

'khy dqekj :e Vw jhM bafM;k

vkRedF;

eYVhIySDl~l ¼bf.M;k½] fnYyh

i<+us&xquus dh txg & jkts'k mRlkgh

fopkj bl if=dk esa izdkf'kr lHkh ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa ds gSaA :e Vw jhM bafM;k dh bu fopkjksa ls lgefr gks] ;g t:jh ugha gSA

xyh ogh eksgYyk ogh% ij dgkuh dgha ugha & paæçdk'k

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vkuan eksgu] jes'k pUnz] lq/khj dqekj] dkfrZd pUnz lkgq] d`".kkos.kh

fMtkbu

f'k{kk uhfr

fopkj cky iqLrdky; ds fy, vPNh fdrkcksa dk p;u & deys'kpaæ tks'kh

dfork Ldwy dh dfork & dqynhi xxZ

laikndh; Hkk"kk cksyh dk ;g u;k vad vkids le{k j[krs gq, gesa çlUurk gks jgh gSA gekjh laLFkk bl if=dk ds çdk'ku ds tfj, ,dkf/kd çkUrksa esa QSys vius dk;ZdrkZvksa] 'kqHkfpardksa vkSj vius f'k{kd lkfFk;ksa ls ijLij laokn dk;e djus vkSj mls fujUrj tkjh j[kus ds fy, dfVc) gSA :e Vw jhM Hkkjr lfgr ,f'k;k vkSj vÝhdk ds nl ns'kksa esa yxHkx fiNys Ms<+ n'kd ls bl ckr ds fy, ç;kljr gS fd cPps Ldwy esa i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[k ldsa vkSj f'k{kk esa yM+fd;ksa dh leqfpr Hkkxhnkjh gksA laLFkk dk fo'okl gS fd cPps vius Ldwyh thou ds vkjfEHkd o"kksaZ esa i<+us&fy[kus dh dkfcfy;r gkfly djds lh[kus esa LokoyEch gks ldrs gSaA lh[kus esa LokoyEch gksuk thou&i;aZr lh[kus dh iwoZ 'krZ gSA lh[kus esa LokoyEch vkSj Lok/;k;h O;fä gh vk/kqfud yksdrkaf=d vkSj vkfFkZd çfØ;kvksa esa lfØ; vkSj lkFkZd Hkkxhnkjh dj ldsxk] D;ksafd og thou ds fdlh Hkh eksM+ ij vko';drkuqlkj u;k Kku vftZr dj ikus esa l{ke gksxkA Ldwy esa i<+us&fy[kus dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vusd ç;klksa dh vko';drk gSA bl fn'kk esa ^:e Vw jhM* dbZ jkT;ksa ds ljdkjh çkFkfed Ldwyksa esa iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk djds ,d lk{kj ifjos'k ds fuekZ.k ds fy, çfrc) gSA dkjxj rjhds ls lk{kj gksus dh 'krZ gS fd O;fä i<+us&fy[kus esa l{ke gks vkSj mlesa i<+dj dqN tkuus vkSj lh[kus dk t+Tck Hkh gksA i<+us dh dkfcfy;r gks] rHkh i<+us dh vknr Hkh fodflr gksxhA nwljh rjQ] vxj i<+us ds vkuUn ls fo|kFkhZ loZFkk vutku gks rks i<+us dh dkfcfy;r Hkh Bhd ls fodflr ugha gksxh( D;ksafd og vyx&vyx çdkj dh lkexzh i<+sxk gh ughaA lk{kjrk ds bl O;kid mís'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, vko';d gS fd çR;sd çkFkfed fo|ky; esa csgrj <ax ls lapkfyr ,d iqLrdky; gksA ;g ns[kuk mRlkgo/kZd gS fd vktknh ds ckn eqnfy;kj deh'ku ds lEekfur lnL;ksa vkSj vU; f'k{kkfonksa us Hkkjr ds gj fo|ky; esa iqLrdky; dk tks liuk ns[kk Fkk] og f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dkuwu ds ykxw gksus ds ckn iwjk gksrk gqvk fn[k jgk gSA bl dkuwu us çkFkfed fo|ky; ds vfuok;Z çko/kkuksa esa Ldwy ykbczsjh dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k gSA 'kk;n ge ml nkSj esa ços'k dj jgs gSa( tc Hkkjr ds çR;sd Ldwy esa ,d iqLrdky; gksxkA :e Vw jhM bls ,d ,sfrgkfld miyfC/k ds :i esa ns[krk gSA çR;sd Ldwy esa ,d iqLrdky; dk gksuk lUrks"kçn gS( ysfdu blds lkFk ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dks ysdj f'k{kdksa] vfHkHkkodksa vkSj ç'kkldksa ds chp ,d lk>h 'kSf{kd –f"V fodflr gks vkSj os iqLrdky; dh LFkkiuk ds fopkj ls mRlkfgr gksaA ^Hkk"kk cksyh* ds bl vad esa ge lkoZtfud iqLrdky; dh vk/kqfud ifjdYiuk dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dj

Òk"kk&c¨yh

jgs gSaA fo'ks"k:i ls vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds fuekZrkvksa us i<+us&fy[kus dh laL—fr ds fodkl ds fy, iqLrdky; uke dh laLFkk dks vktknh ds igys vkSj ckn ds nkSj esa fdruh roTtks nh] ;g tkuuk bl ,sfrgkfld ?kM+h esa mi;ksxh gks ldrk gSA ;ksxsaæ nÙk us u flQZ vyx&vyx nLrkostksa ds çklafxd fgLls dks bl vad ds fy, fganh esa vuwfnr djus esa gekjh enn dh] cfYd gekjs vuqjks/k ij mUgksaus Hkkjr esa mUuhloha vkSj chloha 'krkCnh esa lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa ds fodkl ij ,d ys[k Hkh fy[kkA bl Øe esa bu nLrkostksa dks [k¡xkyrs gq, ;g ns[kuk ,d vksj vk'oLr djrk gS fd vktknh ds Bhd ckn cus eqnfy;kj deh'ku us cgqr gh lkQ 'kCnksa esa Ldwy esa lh[kus&fl[kkus ds fy, ykbczsjh dh vifjgk;Zrk dks js[kakfdr fd;k] rks nwljh vksj vusd uhfrxr flQkfj'kksa vkSj ,dkf/kd ç;klksa ds ckotwn tehuh Lrj ij Ldwy ds iBu&ikBu esa iqLrdky; dh vkerkSj ij xkS.k Hkwfedk ls FkksM+h fpark Hkh gksrh gSA [kkldj rc] tc ge f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dkuwu ds ykxw gksus ds lkFk ,d ubZ 'kq#vkr dj jgs gSaA vxj ge [kqn ls ;g loky iwNsa fd Ldwyh Lrj ij i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kkus esa iqLrdky; ds bLrseky dh t:jr D;k geus blfy, ugha le>h fd Ldwyksa esa iqLrdky; Fks gh ugha ;k fQj Ldwyksa esa iqLrdky; blfy, ugha cus D;ksafd geus iqLrdky; dh deh dks eglwl gh ugha fd;k] rks ge cs'kd lokyksa ds nq'pØ esa Q¡l tk,¡xsA dqN yksx bls igys vaMk ;k eqxhZ okyk loky dgsaxs] ysfdu fQj Hkh dbZ ckj ,slk eglwl gksrk gS fd ge i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kkus esa ikB~;iqLrdksa ij gh fuHkZj gksdj jg x, A bl nq'pØ ls fudyus dk ,d gh rjhdk gS fd ge Lohdkj djsa fd bl pqukSrh ds nks igyw gSa vkSj nksuksa igyqvksa dks ,d lkFk lEcksf/kr djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA vFkkZr~ gesa Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dh LFkkiuk Hkh djuh gksxh vkSj Ldwyh iBu&ikBu esa iqLrdky; ds ,dkf/kd mi;ksxksa ds ckjs esa fopkj&foe'kZ Hkh djuk gksxkA gekjh Ldwyh f'k{kk dkQh gn rd f'k{kd&funsZf'kr vkSj çdkjkarj ls ikB~;iqLrd funsZf'kr gS] tcfd iqLrdky; dh ifjdYiuk ds dsaæ esa Lora=] Loçsfjr vkSj Lok/;k;h ikBdksa dk lewg gSA bl ckr dks le>us ds fy, gesa fdlh lkoZtfud iqLrdky; ds v/;;u d{k dks /;ku ls ns[kuk gksxkA fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud iqLrdky; ds v/;;u d{k esa çdV :i ls ijLij fojks/kh fLFkfr;k¡ fn[kyk;h iM+rh gSaA çdV rkSj ij v/;;u d{k esa ,d vn~Hkqr 'kkafr NkbZ jgrh gS] tcfd ogk¡ fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud LFkku dh rqyuk esa vf/kd l?ku Hkkf"kd fØ;kdyki py jgk gksrk gSA çdV rkSj ij fdlh iqLrdky; ds v/;;u d{k esa yksx vdsys vkSj vyx&Fkyx gh fn[kykbZ iM+rs gSa] ysfdu iqLrdky; ,d lkoZtfud LFkku gS( tgk¡ yksx vdsys ugha] cfYd lekt ds lnL; ds :i esa ekStwn gksrs gSaA ;g lekt ikBdksa dk lekt gksrk gSA tkfgj gS fd iqLrdky; ,d lkoZtfud ;k lkekftd laLFkk gS] ysfdu iqLrdky; tSlh laLFkk esa ,d u, <ax dh lkekftdrk iuirh gS& ,d ,slh lkekftdrk] ftlesa çR;sd lnL; dks nwljs lnL;ksa dh futrk dk lEeku djuk gksrk gSA lkoZtfud iqLrdky; ds v/;;u d{k esa fl)kUrr% tkfr] oxZ] /keZ ;k fyax ds vk/kkj ij Kku rd igq¡p dks lqxe ;k ckf/kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vk/kqfud mnkjoknh yksdrkaf=d lekt dqN&dqN

Òk"kk&c¨yh

iqLrdky; ds v/;;u d{k tSlk lekt gh gS] tgk¡ jkT; ukxfjdksa dh futrk dks ckf/kr fd, fcuk mUgsa l{ke cukus ds fy, ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gS vkSj muls ;g vis{kk j[krk gS fd os vius ckjs esa vkSj ftu lkekftd lewgksa ds os lnL; gSa muds ckjs esa vius foosd ls mfpr fu.kZ; ys ldsaxsA fu.kZ; ysus vkSj vius lewg ds rkRdkfyd vkSj nwjxkeh fgrksa dks le>us ds fy, ftl rjg dh tkudkjh vkSj Kku dh vko';drk gksxh] mls os Lora= <ax ls vftZr dj ldsaxsA Ldwy vkSj dkWyst dh i<+kbZ vxj mUgsa lh[kus esa LokoyEch vkSj thou i;aZr lh[kus okyk ugha cuk,xk rks os ,slk ugha dj ik,¡xsA blds fy, t:jh gS fd 'kq#vkr ls gh Ldwyksa esa iBu&ikBu f'k{kd funsZf'kr gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Loçsfjr Hkh gksA vk/kqfud yksdrkaf=d ukxfjdrk ds iuius vkSj Qyus Qwyus ds fy, lkoZtfud iqLrdky; tSlh laLFkk,¡ vxj mfpr ifjos'k çnku djrh gSa] rks ;g t:jh gks tkrk gS fd ,slk ifjos'k ge Ldwy ds Hkhrj Hkh cuk,¡A f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dkuwu ds ykxw gks tkus ds ckn 'kk;n vkus okys o"kksaZ esa Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dh deh dks nwj fd;k tk ldsxk] ysfdu ;g iqLrdky; cPpksa dks i<+us&fy[kus dk thoar ifjos'k çnku djs] blds fy, vko';d gS fd ge yxkrkj bl ckr dks js[kkafdr djsa fd i<+s&fy[ks gksus dk eryc egt v{kj Kku vFkkZr~ fy[ks gq, 'kCn dks i<+ ikus dh dkfcfy;r gh ugha] cfYd i<+us dh vknr vkSj i<+us&fy[kus dk tTck Hkh gSA bl nwljs i{k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, geus dqN ,sls fe=ksa ls vkxzg fd;k fd os crk,¡ fd mUgsa i<+us dh yr dSls yxhA geus [kkl rkSj ij ,sls fe=ksa dks ;g vuqjks/k i= Hkstk] ftudh i<+kbZ ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa gqbZ gS vkSj ftUgsa ge vkt muds i<+us&fy[kus dh vknr ds dkj.k tkurs gSaA bl Øe esa ge jkts'k mRlkgh vkSj e.kh'k Bkdqj ds vuqHko&vk/kkfjr ys[k bl vad esa çdkf'kr dj jgs gSaA f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dkuwu ds ykxw gksus okys Ldwyh iqLrdky;ksa dk Lo:i bl ckr ls Hkh r; gksxk fd ukxfjd lektksa dks ;g dkuwu fdl gn rd vf/kdkj&psruk ls ySl djrk gSA lkekftd vkUnksyuksa vkSj mlls mith lkekftd psruk us ges'kk iqLrdky; tSlh laLFkkvksa esa ubZ tku Mkyh gSA dsjy ds iqLrdky; vkanksyu ij bl vad esa çdkf'kr ,e-ih- ijes'oju dk ys[k bl ckr dh rLnhd djrk gSA vk'kk gS ;g vad i<+us&fy[kus ds ckjs esa vkSj i<+uk fy[kuk lh[kus&fl[kkus esa Ldwy ykbczsjh dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa dqN ubZ rkth ppkZvksa dks çsfjr djsxkA gesa vkids lq>koksa vkSj fVIif.k;ksa dk barTkkj jgsxkA &eukst

Òk"kk&c¨yh

,sfrgkfld ifjizs{;

lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dk fodkl &

;ksxsUæ nÙk

KkuktZu ds lk/ku loZlqyHk gksa vkSj lcdks i<+us&fy[kus dh lgwfy;r feys ;g yksdra= esa ukxfjdksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, vko';d gSA blfy, Hkkjrh; uotkxj.k vkSj Lok/khurk vkanksyu ds lkFk gh ^lcds fy, f'k{kk* vkSj lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk ij cy fn;k tkus yxkA vktknh ds ckn bl fn'kk esa vusd igy gqbZ&,dkf/kd laLFkk,¡ cuha vkSj dkuwu Hkh ikfjr gq,A ;ksxsUæ us bl ys[k esa ml O;kid ifjçs{; dks le>us dh dksf'k'k dh gS] ftlesa bu laLFkkvksa vkSj uhfr;ksa esa varfuZfgr fparu o Hkkoukvksa dks ljkgk tk lds vkSj orZeku pqukSfr;ksa dh le> cusA e'kgwj jkseu nk'kZfud flljks dk dguk Fkk fd vxj fdlh O;fDr ds ikl ,d iqLrdky; vkSj ,d cxhpk gks rks thus ds fy, mls vkSj dqN ugha pkfg,A 'kk;n ;gh otg gS fd tc Hkh dHkh egku lH;rkvksa vkSj lQy lektksa dh ppkZ vkrh gS] rks muds ckSf)d] lkaaLÑfrd Lrj ds lkFk&lkFk muds iqLrdky;ksa dh ckr Hkh t:j vkrh gSA elyu] tc Hkkjr dh izkphu ckSf)d esèkk] oSKkfud miyfCèk;ksa vkSj mlds fo'ofo|ky;ksa dk ftØ vkrk gS rks ukyank] r{kf'kyk vkSj dakphiqje tSls HkO; iqLrdky;ksa dk Hkh ftØ vkrk gSA vkSj tc fdlh lekt ds iru dk ftØ vkrk gS rks Hkh mldss iqLrdky;ksa dh lsgr dk ftØ t:j vkrk gSA fldanfj;k] fu'kkiqj vkSj tkQuk ds e'kgwj iqLrdky;ksa dks tykdj u"V djus dh ?kVuk,¡ ccZjrk dh felky cuh gqbZ gSa] tcfd bu ?kVukvksa esa yksx ugha ejs Fks] dsoy fdrkcsa u"V gqbZ FkhaA eSdkWys us 1835 ds vius e'kgwj feuV~l esa Hkkjr dh dfFkr ckSf)d nfjnzrk dh felky nsrs gq, nEHkiwoZd dgk Fkk fd ßHkkjr vkSj vjc dk lewpk ns'kh lkfgR; fdlh vPNh ;wjksih; yk;czsjh dh ,d vyekjh ds eqdkcys Hkh ugha BgjrkÞA tkfgj gS fd mUgksaus vius c;ku esa yk;czsjh dk ftØ flQZ ,d :id ds rkSj ij fd;k Fkk exj :id dk ;g pquko vuk;kl ugha FkkA dydÙkk dh iz[;kr ifCyd yk;czsjh dh LFkkiuk mlh lky dh xbZ FkhA ;g vaxzstksa ds flfoykbftax fe'ku dh 'kq#vkr dk nkSj FkkA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

bl lekt dks tkuus&cw>us ds fy, vaxzstksa dks bldh ckSf)d esèkk ;k mlds vHkko dk ys[kk&tks[kk ysuk Fkk vkSj ;g dke vfHkys[kkxkjksa vkSj iqLrdky;ksa ds tfj, gh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ftl le; vaxzst Hkkjr vk, ml le; rd iqLrdky; eq[; :i ls vfHktkR; oxZ vkSj fo}kuksa ds fy, gh lqyHk FksA mUgsa jkT; ds vuqnkuksa ds lgkjs ;k f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ds rgr gh pyk;k tkrk FkkA vaxzstksa ds vkus ds ckn igyh ckj vke turk dks è;ku esa j[kdj iqLrdky; [kksyus dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvkA ftl nkSjku dydÙkk esa ifCyd yk;czsjh [kksyh xbZ] mlh nkSj esa cEcbZ vkSj enzkl esa Hkh ,sls laLFkku LFkkfir fd, x,A exj vHkh Hkh ;s iqLrdky; lgh vFkksZa esa lkoZtfud iqLrdky; ugha FksA mudks eq[; :i ls vaxzst vQljksa vkSj lekt ds fxus&pqus jbZlksa dh lgwfy;r ds fy, gh [kksyk x;k FkkA bl nkSj esa vaxzstksa dk bjknk Kku dk izlkj djuk ugha] cfYd mldk laxzg djuk Fkk rkfd os bl ns'k dk 'kklu T;knk csgrj <ax ls pyk ldsaA blfy, muds fy, iqLrdky; dsoy laxzg Hkj Fks vkSj fygktk mu rd igq¡p Hkh lhfer FkhA blhfy, mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr esa iqLrdky; vkUnksyu cgqr etcwr ugha gks ik;kA ys&nsdj dsoy u, dkWystksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds vax ds :i esa gh u, iqLrdky; [kksys x, vkSj pw¡fd f'k{kk vHkh Hkh lekt ds ,d cgqr NksVs rcds ds fy, gh lqyHk Fkh] blfy, bu iqLrdky;ksa rd Hkh dsoy lhfer rcds dh gh igq¡p laHko FkhA

lEesyuksa dk Hkh v;kstu fd;k x;k ftlls jk"Vª ds thou esa iq L rdky; ds LFkku vkS j vko';drk ij ,d O;kid vkS j lkewfgd le> cuus yxhA bu lEesyuksa vkSj vk;kstuksa esa Hkkjrh;ksa dh c<+rh mifLFkfr vkSj bl ubZ lkewfgd psruk dk urhtk ;s gqvk fd rhl ds n'kd ds vkf[kj esa ¼1937½ tc fofHkUu izkUrksa esa ljdkj dh ckxMksj Hkkjrh;ksa ds usr`Ro esa vk;h rks mUgksaus iqLrdky;ksa ds rsth ls fodkl vkSj izlkj ds fy, dke fd;kA Hkkjr esa ,d loZO;kih iqLrdky; vkUnksyu dh 'kq#vkr lgh ek;uksa esa ;gha ls gqbZA iqLrdky; dsoy f'k{kk dh ;kstuk ;k Kku ds laxzg dk ekè;e ugha jgs] cfYd mudk ,d Lora= otwn iSnk gqvkA ljdkjh iqLrdky; jbZl vkSj 'kgjh ifjos'k ls fudy dj rsth ls xk¡oksa vkSj dLcksa rd QSyus yxsA dsoy ik¡p lky ds Hkhrj ;kuh 1942 rd vkrs&vkrs fofHkUu izkUrksa esa yxHkx 13000 xzkeh.k iqLrdky; [kqy pqds FksA ,d ijkèkhu ns'k ds fy, ;g ifjorZu fdlh miyfCèk ls de ugha FkkA

vk/kqfud iqLrdky;ksa dk mn; chloha 'krkCnh bl fygkt ls ,d ubZ rktxh ysdj vkbZA 1902 esa bEihfj;y yk;czsjh ,sDV ikfjr fd;k x;kA dqN lky ckn gh dydÙkk ifCyd yk;czsjh dks bEihfj;y yk;czsjh dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA mlh nkSjku cM+kSnk ds egkjkt l;kth jko xk;dokM+ r`rh; us viuh fj;klr esa ,d vkèkqfud lkoZtfud iqLrdky; O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk dhA mUgksaus u dsoy [kqn if'peh iqLrdky;ksa dk vè;;u fd;k] cfYd fons'kh fo'ks"kKksa dks cqykdj ,d fo'kky iqLrdky; usVodZ LFkkfir fd;kA ;gk¡ iqLrdky; dsoy jktHkouksa rd lhfer ugha Fks cfYd mudk izlkj blls cgqr O;kid FkkA ;s viuh rjg dk igyk lkoZtfud iqLrdky; usVodZ FkkA blh nkSjku iqLrdky;ksa vkSj iqLrdky;dfeZ;ksa ds vf[ky Hkkjrh;

fp=% vuZc fe=k

Òk"kk&c¨yh

[kSj] vHkh Hkh lkoZtfud iqLrdky; vkcknh ds dksus&dksus rd ugha igq¡p ik;k FkkA vktknh ds le; yxHkx rhu gtkj LFkkuh; fudk;ksa esa ls dsoy ,d frgkbZ gh lkoZtfud iqLrdky; usVodZ pyk jgs FksA muesa ls Hkh cgqr lkjs iqLrdky; okLro esa okpuky; ls T;knk ugha FksA blh ckr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ,d ekWMy ds rkSj ij 1951 esa fnYyh ifCyd yk;czsjh dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ tks vkus okys le; esa nwljs izkUrksa ds fy, ,d vkn'kZ lkoZtfud iqLrdky; cuhA O;fDrxr vkSj lkaxBfud iz;kl vktknh ds ckn ljdkjh Lrj ij D;k dne mBk, x, bldh ppkZ djus ls igys ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ igyw dk ftØ djuk mi;qDr jgsxkA vktknh ls igys ds ik¡p&Ng n'kdksa esa lekt ds dbZ x.kekU; O;fDr;ksa us futh Lrj ij Hkh turk esa iqLrdksa vkSj iqLrdky;ksa ds izlkj ds fy, vizfre dke fd;k FkkA mUgksaus u dsoy iqLrdky; [kksys] cfYd iqLrdky; laxBuksa vkSj i=&if=dkvksa dk izdk'ku Hkh fd;kA blesa rks dksbZ 'kd ugha fd l;kthjko xk;dokM+ us lkoZtfud iqLrdky; dk tks ekWMy is'k fd;k mlds ne ij mudk uke Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; bfrgkl esa lcls Åij vkrk gSA exj] blh nkSjku cM+kSnk ds gh eksrhHkkbZ vehu vkSj ckn esa cM+kSnk ds

iqLrdky;ksa ds izeq[k U;wVu eksgu nÙkk us Hkh bl fn'kk esa vius Lrj ij cgqr egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA blh Øe esa vkaèkz izns'k esa lj v¸;kUdh osadV jkeu¸;k vkSj caxky esa eksfganz nsojk; egk'k; ds uke izeq[krk ls fy;s tkrs gSaA 1920 esa t;iqj esa ekLVj eksrhyky us Jh lUefr iqLrdky; ds uke ls ,d lkoZtfud iqLrdky; dh LFkkiuk dhA iatkc esa lar jke HkkfV;k vkSj vle esa dqeqns'oj cjBkdqj us vius&vius jkT;ksa esa iqLrdky; vkanksyu dks ,d ubZ iz[kjrk nhA vle yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku ds xBu dk Js; Jh cjBkdqj dks gh tkrk gSA esa cukjl esa ,sfrgkfld ßvkWy ,f'k;k ,tqds'kuy dkWUÝsalÞ dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlesa Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; vkanksyu ds firkeg ,l- vkj- jaxukFku us igyh ckj ,d loZns'kh; lesfdr iqLrdky; O;oLFkk dk [kkdk is'k fd;kA blh lEesyu esa mUgksaus ,d ekWMy iqLrdky; dkuwu dk elfonk Hkh is'k fd;kA le; vkus ij rfeyukMq] vkaèkz izns'k vkSj dukZVd ds jkT; iqLrdky; dkuwu blh ekWMy dkuwu ds vkèkkj ij cuk, x,A 1948 esa tks jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k x;k og Hkh dekscs'k blh ij vkèkkfjr FkkA 1930

,l- vkj- jaxukFku

fp=% vuZc fe=k

Òk"kk&c¨yh

xf.krK vkSj Hkkjr esa iqLrdky; foKku ds tudA 1930 esa cukjl esa ,sfrgkfld ßvkWy ,f'k;k ,tqds'kuy dkWUÝsalÞ dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlesa Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; vkanksyu ds firkeg ,l-vkj- jaxukFku us igyh ckj ,d loZns'kh; lesfdr iqLrdky; O;oLFkk dk [kkdk is'k fd;kA blh lEesyu esa mUgksaus ,d ekWMy iqLrdky; dkuwu dk elfonk Hkh is'k fd;kA le; vkus ij rfeyukMq] vkaèkz izns'k vkSj dukZVd ds jkT; iqLrdky; dkuwu blh ekWMy dkuwu ds vkèkkj ij cuk, x,A 1948 esa tks jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k x;k og Hkh dekscs'k blh ij vkèkkfjr FkkA

lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa ds izlkj esa yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'kuksa ds ;ksxnku vkSj egÙo dks Hkh utjvankt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 1914 esa vkaèkzk nsl yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA uksV djus okyh ckr gS fd iwjs ns'k esa ;g viuh rjg dk igyk laxBu FkkA ;gha ls lcls igys bafM;u yk;czsjh tuZy ds uke ls igyh iqLrdky; dsafnzr 'kksèk if=dk dk izdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA ,l-vkjjaxukFku ds iz;klksa ls 1933 esa bafM;u yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku dk xBu fd;k x;kA caxky yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku ¼1925½] enzkl yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku ¼1928½] iatkc yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku ¼1929½] vkSj vle yk;czsjh ,lksfl,'ku ¼1938½ blh rjg ds vU; izeq[k laxBu Fks ftUgksaus vius&vius jkT; esa iqLrdky; vkanksyu ds izlkj esa tcnZLr ;ksxnku fd;kA

flUgk desVh dh flQkfj'kksa esa dqN dkQh egÙoiw.kZ vkSj nwjxkeh egRo dh flQkfj'ksa FkhaA elyu] iqLrdky; lsok ns'k ds izR;sd ukxfjd dks fu'kqYd miyCèk djk;h tk,A iqLrdky; O;oLFkk ds fofHkUu Lrjksa& jk"Vªh; iqLrdky;] izkUrh; dsUnzh; iqLrdky;] ftyk iqLrdky;] CykWd iqLrdky; vkSj iapk;r iqLrdky; & ds chp leUo; gksA fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds iqLrdky;ksa dks lhfer Lrj ij lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa ds ikBdksa ds fy, Hkh [kksyk tk,A ;g lq>ko vkt rd lkadsfrd Lrj ij Hkh ykxw ugha gks ik;k gSA vkfFkZd t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, flUgk desVh us LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dh vuqefr ds vkèkkj ij lEifÙk dj esa ls Ng izfr'kr jkf'k iqLrdky; dj ds :i esa olwy djus dk Hkh lq>ko fn;k Fkk rkfd iqLrdky; dsoy dsanz ;k jkT; ljdkj ij gh vkfJr u jgsaA

vktknh ds ckn

rhljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa ds izlkj dh n`f"V ls ,d gn rd dBksj le; lkfcr gqbZA bl nkSjku jkT; ljdkjksa dks dsanz ls feyus okyh lgk;rk de gksrh pyh xbZA iqLrdky;ksa ds fy, iSls tqVkus dk ftEek ewy :i ls jkT; ljdkjksa dks lqiqnZ dj fn;k x;kA 'kk;n blds ihNs jk"Vªh; j{kk lEcUèkh izkFkfedrkvksa dk Hkh gkFk jgk gks] D;ksafd blh nkSjku gekjs ns'k dks nks ;q) yM+us iM+sA cgjgky] lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa ds izlkj ds fygkt ls ;s ,d fujk'kktud dne FkkA rhu lky igys dsUnzh; f'k{kk ea=ky; ds rgr fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa [kksys x, iqLrdky; foKku laLFkku dks Hkh 1962 esa can dj fn;k x;kA bl ;kstuk vofèk dh laHkor% ,dek= larks"ktud ckr ;g Fkh fd fnYyh] dydÙkk] cEcbZ vkSj enzkl esa jk"Vªh; iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA

vktknh ds ckn lcls igyk egÙoiw.kZ dne ;g Fkk fd 1948 esa jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k x;kA bldk ,d egÙoiw.kZ ifj.kke ;g jgk fd ljdkj iqLrdky;ksa ds izlkj dks ,d dsUnzh; vkSj Lora= dk;ZHkkj ds :i esa ns[kus yxhA jk"Vªh; iSekus ij gkykr dk tk;tk ysus vkSj iqLrdky;ksa ds loZO;kih izlkj ds fy, u dsoy dsUnz ljdkj us foHkkxksa vkSj lfefr;ksa dk xBu fd;k cfYd dbZ jkT; ljdkjksa us Hkh vius&vius Lrj ij bl dke dks iwjh xEHkhjrk ls ,tsaMs esa fy;k vkSj iqLrdky; dkuwu ikfjr fd,A vktknh ds ckn nks n'kd ds Hkhrj pkj&ik¡p jkT;ksa esa iqLrdky; dkuwu ikfjr fd, tk pqds FksA blh Hkkouk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, 1957 esa dsanz ljdkj us MkW- ,-ih- flUgk dh vè;{krk esa ,d ,Mokbtjh desVh dk xBu fd;kA bl desVh dks iwjs ns'k esa lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dh n'kk vkSj t:jrksa dk tk;tk ysus dk ftEek lkSaik x;kA bldk ,d eq[; dk;ZHkkj ;g lq>ko nsus dk Fkk fd iqLrdky;ksa dks f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds lkFk fdl rjg tksM+k tk, vkSj iqLrdky; dfeZ;ksa dh deh dks dSls iwjk fd;k tk,A flUgk desVh dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 1954 rd ns'k esa dqy 32]000 iqLrdky; Fks vkSj muesa fdrkcksa dh la[;k 70]00]000 ds vklikl Fkh ;kuh izfr iqLrdky; yxHkx 220 fdrkcsaA fdrkcksa dh bl la[;k dks ns[k dj ,d ckj fQj dgk tk ldrk gS fd T;knkrj iqLrdky; dqy feykdj okpuky; ls T;knk ugha FksA

blh ;kstuk ds nkSjku] 1964 esa iqLrdky; O;oLFkk ds fodkl dk tk;tk ysus ds fy, ;kstuk vk;ksx us ,d dk;Zcy dk xBu fd;kA dk;Zcy dh eq[; flQkfj'k ;g Fkh fd iqLrdky; lsok iznku djus ds fy, jkT; vkSj dsanz ljdkjsa fey dj dke djsa] lHkh izkUrh; dsUnzh; iqLrdky;ksa esa cPpksa dh fdrkcksa dk [kaM t:j gks] ns'k ds lHkh ftyksa esa de ls de ,d ftyk iqLrdky; gks] ns'k ds de ls de 75 izfr'kr CykWdksa esa iqLrdky; lsok miyCèk djkus ds fy, 2500 u, CykWd iqLrdky; [kksys tk,¡A lnL;rk 'kqYd vkSj panksa ls pyus okys iqLrdky;ksa ds fy, vfrfjDr vuqnku tkjh fd;k tk,A bl dk;Zcy dk ,d eq[; lq>ko ;g Fkk fd fnYyh fof'ofo|ky; ds rgr 'kq: fd, x, iqLrdky; foKku laLFkku dks fQj ls pkyw fd;k tk,] rkfd iqLrdky;&dfeZ;ksa dh deh dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

esa jktk jkeeksgu jkW; yk;czsjh QkmaMs'ku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA bl laLFkk dk eq[; dke ;g Fkk fd iqLrdky;ksa dks xk¡o&nsgkr esa QSyk;k tk,A bl QkmaMs'ku dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ y{; ;g Fkk fd LoSfPNd laxBuksa vkSj ,slksfl,'kuksa dks Hkh foÙkh; lgk;rk nh tk,] rkfd os iqLrdky; vkanksyu ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku ns ldsaA fQygky bl QkmaMs'ku ds rgr xzkeh.k iqLrdky; lsok vkSj eksckby iqLrdky; lsok,¡ pykbZ tk jgh gSaA 1972

lk{kjrk vkSj iqLrdky; fodkl lÙkj ds n'kd ds eè; ls o;Ld lk{kjrk ij tksj fn;k tkus yxk Fkk vkSj bl vk'k; dh ;kstukvksa dks iqLrdky;ksa ds izlkj ds lkFk tksM+ fn;k x;k FkkA blh n'kd esa izeq[k cM+s iqLrdky;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk CykWd Lrj ds iqLrdky;ksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k x;kA vLlh ds n'kd esa xzkeh.k iqLrdky;ksa dks vkSj etcwrh nh xbZ rkfd uolk{kjksa ds fy, ikB~;&lkexzh miyCèk djkbZ tk lds vkSj xzkeh.k bykdksa esa ubZ lwpukvksa dk izlkj fd;k tk ldsA ;gk¡ rd vkrs&vkrs 26 jkT;ksa o dsUnz'kkflr izns'kksa esa izkUrh; dsUnzh; iqLrdky; vkSj 291 ftyksa esa ftyk iqLrdky; [kksys tk pqds FksA 1986 esa jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk fe'ku dks eatwjh nh xbZ vkSj bl rjg xzkeh.k iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk ij u, fljs ls tksj fn;k x;kA yxHkx mlh le;] 1985 esa izks-Mh-ih- pêksikè;k; dh vè;{krk esa ,d vkSj desVh dk xBu fd;k x;k vkSj mls jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; ,oa lwpuk iz.kkyh uhfr rS;kj djus dk ftEek lkSaik x;kA vxys lky bldh fjiksVZ ds fØ;kUo;u dh laHkkoukvksa dk vè;;u djus ds fy, ,d vkSj desVh cuk;h xbZA nks lky ckn bl desVh dh flQkfj'kksa dk vè;;u djus ds fy, ,d vkSj dk;Zcy dk xBu fd;k x;kA bl yEch ukSdj'kkgh izfØ;k dk urhtk ;g gqvk fd pêksikè;k; desVh dh 60 esa ls dsoy 29 flQkj'kksa dks gh ykxw

fd;k tk ldk vkSj dbZ flQkfj'kksa dks dsoy vkèks&vèkwjs eu ls ykxw fd;k x;kA desVh dk izLrko Fkk fd jkT; Lrj ij iqLrdky;ksa ds lapkyu vkSj j[k&j[kko ds fy, jkT; ljdkjsa gh mi;qDr dkuwu cuk,¡A xzkeh.k iqLrdky;ksa ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k tk,A lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, vkjvkjvkj,y,Q dks leUo; vkSj lgk;rk ,tsalh ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk,A lkeqnkf;d iqLrdky; dks izkbejh ikB'kkykvksa vkSj o;Ld f'k{kk&dk;ZØeksa ds lkFk tksM+k tk,A ftyk iqLrdky;ksa esa fodykxksa vkSj xjhcksa ds fy, fo'ks"k lqfoèkkvksa dk cankscLr fd;k tk,A bu lkjh dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwn vkt Hkh ns'k ds cgqr lkjs xk¡oksa vkSj dLcksa esa iqLrdky; tSlh laLFkk dk vHkko lkQ ns[kk tk ldrk gS vkSj tgk¡ ;s laLFkk,¡ gSa Hkh ogk¡ Hkh iqLrdky; laLÑfr cgqr detksj gSA vkt gekjk ns'k ,d ukWyst lqijikoj cuus ds lius ns[k jgk gSA fofHkUu jkT; ljdkjsa ?kj&?kj ySiVkWi igq¡pkus ds fy, rks ,M+h&pksVh dk tksj yxk, gq, gSa] exj gj leqnk; esa ,d lkoZtfud iqLrdky; gks] tgk¡ cPps vkSj cM+s lkFk&lkFk tk,¡ vkSj viuh #fp dh fdrkcsa i< ldsa] ,slk gksrk gqvk fudV Hkfo"; esa ugha fn[k jgk gSA iqLrdky; lkewfgd fparu vkSj lkaL—frd uotkxj.k ds dsaæ gqvk djrs gSaA f'k{kk ds loZO;kihdj.k ds fy, ,d thoar lk{kj ifjos'k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ,slk thoar ifjos'k dk fuekZ.k lfØ; lkeqnkf;d iqLrdky;ksa ls vkSj leqnk; esa fofHkUu çdkj dh iBu&lkexzh dh miyC/krk ls gksrk gSA lanHkZ Wani, Zahid Ashraf, "Development of Public Libraries in India" (2008). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Paper 165. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/165

;ksxsanz nÙk ;ksxsanz nÙk Lora= vuqoknd gSa vkSj f'k{kk laca/kh fo"k;ksa esa #fp j[krs gSaA vki muls yogender.dutt@gmail.com ij laidZ dj ldrs gSaA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

f'k{kk uhfr

Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dk fopkj

vuq'kalk,¡] uhfrxr ladYi vkSj dkuwuh çko/kku

Ldwy dh gekjh dYiuk esa fo|kFkhZ] f'k{kd] CySdcksMZ vkSj ikB~;iqLrdsa rks vfuok;Z :i ls 'kkfey gSa] ysfdu iqLrdky; dks ge çk;% ,d vfrfjä lqfo/kk ds :i esa gh ns[krs gSaA fo'ks"k :i ls çkFkfed 'kkyk esa tgk¡ vHkh cPps i<+uk lh[k gh jgs gksrs gSa] iqLrdky; dh dksbZ [kkl t:jr gesa eglwl ugha gksrhA bl vke dYiuk ls ijs vxj ge fofHkUu f'k{kk&vk;ksxksa ds vuq'kalkvksa dks ns[ksa rks ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dh t:jr dks ysdj bu vk;ksxksa ls tqM+s f'k{kkfonksa ds eu esa dHkh Hkh dksbZ lansg ugha FkkA ;g vkSj ckr gS fd lalk/kuksa dh deh dks le>rs gq, mUgksaus dbZ ckj de ls de Cykd Lrj ij iqLrdky; dh LFkkiuk tSls O;kogkfjd lq>ko gh fn,A vktknh vkSj ns'k esa lafo/kku ykxw gksus ds Bhd ckn xfBr eqnfy;kj deh'ku dh vuq'kalkvksa esa Ldwy esa iqLrdky; dh t:jr dks dkQh foLrkj ls ppkZ gqbZ gSA gkyk¡fd eqnfy;kj deh'ku us ek/;fed f'k{kk dh :ijs[kk ij fopkj fd;k gS] ysfdu iqLrdky; ds ckjs esa vk;ksx ds fopkj lkekU; :i ls lHkh Lrj ds Ldwyksa ds fy, çklafxd gSaA eqnfy;kj deh'ku ds fjiksVZ ds ,d va'k dk fganh vuqokn ge ;gk¡ çLrqr dj jgs gSaA eqnfy;kj deh'ku ds ckn cus lHkh vk;ksxksa us iqLrdky; dh t:jr ij cy fn;kA bl flyflys esa ubZ f'k{kk uhfr 1986] jkeewfrZ deh'ku 1990 vkSj jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk 2005 ds çklafxd va'kksa dks ns[kuk mRlkgo/kZd gSA vkSj tSlk fd ge tkurs gSa varr% f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj dkuwu us Ldwy ds vfuok;Z çko/kkuksa esa iqLrdky; dks 'kkfey dj fy;k gSA bl dkuwu dks leqfpr rjhds ls ykxw djus ds fy, vko';d gS fd iqLrdky; ds çko/kku laca/kh vuqPNsn dh mfpr O;k[;k dh tk,A bl vuqPNsn dh O;k[;k vxj ge eqnfy;kj deh'ku vkSj jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk 2005 esa vfHkO;ä fopkjksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa ds vk/kkj ij djsxa s rks ge ,d fotu ;k lius dks lkdkj dj jgs gksxa As

Òk"kk&c¨yh

eqnfy;kj deh'ku fjiksVZ ¼väwcj

1952&twu 1953½

,d leqfpr yk;czsjh lsok dh t:jr i<+us dh vknr fodflr djus] ikB~;iqLrdksa ij de tksj nsus vkSj lanHkZ iqLrdksa] ekud iqLrdksa vkSj vke fnypLih dh iqLrdksa ds HkaMkj ds :i esa yk;czsjh ds bLrseky dks c<+kus ds egŸo ij ppkZ ge igys dj pqds gSaA ikB~;iqLrdsa vkerkSj ij ,d [kkl i)fr ls rS;kj dh tkrh gSaA t:jh tkudkfj;ksa vkSj Kku dks ,d O;ofLFkr vkSj csgn laf{kIr <ax ls le>kuk gh mudk eq[; edln gksrk gSA cs'kd bl rjhds ds vius Qk;ns gSa] exj ;g rjhdk fd'kksjkoLFkk esa c<+rs&iuirs efLr"d ds fy, çk;% i;kZIr ugha gksrkA bl mez esa vdlj dqN pqukSrhiw.kZ dke djus dh pkg jgrh gS] fd'kksj eu l`tu'khy efLr"dksa ds laidZ esa vkuk pkgrk gSA ek/;fed Ldwyksa esa #fp vkSj lkekU; Kku dk Lrj bruk n;uh; gksrk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa lkekU; :i ls i<+us dh pkg vkSj vknr fodflr djuk vkt ,d çkFkfedrk gSA bldk eryc ;s gS fd Ldwyksa esa cf<+;k ntsZ ds iqLrdky; LFkkfir fd, tk,¡ vkSj çHkkoh yk;czsjh lsok miyC/k djkbZ tk,A tc rd ,slk ugha gksxk rc rd bl v/;k; esa vkSj vU;= fn, x, cgqr lkjs lq>ko vkSj flQkfj'ksa dkjxj ugha gks ik,¡xhA O;fäxr dke] lkewfgd ifj;kstukvksa dk mís';] cgqr lkjh ckSf)d fnypfLi;k¡ vkSj ikB~;;srj xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, t:jh gS fd Ldwy esa ,d cf<+;k] lqlapkfyr yk;czsjh gksA yk;czsjh dks çxfr'khy i)fr;ksa dks O;ogkj esa ykus dk ,d vfuok;Z lk/ku ekuk tkrk gSA yk;czsjh ds bl egŸo dks ns[krs gq, gekjk ekuuk gS fd ek/;fed f'k{kk dh n'kk esa lq/kkj ds fy, yk;czsjh dk ,d çHkkoh ;ksxnku lqfuf'pr djus ds okLrs gesa bl ckjs esa lkspuk pkfg, fd ,d cf<+;k Ldwy yk;czsjh dSls pykbZ tk,A ge 'kq: esa gh ;s dg nsuk pkgrs gSa fd cgqla[;d Ldwyksa esa fQygky yk;czsjh uke dh dksbZ pht ugha gSA ogk¡ ys&nsdj cgqr iqjkuh] lanHkZ ls dV pqdh] vuqi;qä fdrkcsa iM+h gqbZ gSa ftudks pquus okyksa ds ikl fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh #fp;ksa vkSj #>kuksa dk dksbZ vanktk ugha FkkA ;s fdrkcsa ,d nM+csuqek vkSj mckÅ dejs esa j[kh fxuh&pquh vyekfj;ksa esa tek dj nh tkrh gSaA bl iwjs rke>ke dk çHkkj vdlj fdlh DydZ ;k ,d ,sls mnklhu v/;kid dks lkSai fn;k tkrk gS] ftlds fy, ;s flQZ ,d ikVZVkbe dke gSA mls u rks fdrkcksa ls I;kj gksrk gS vkSj u gh mls yk;czsjh rduhd dk dksbZ Kku gksrk gSA LokHkkfod gS fd ogk¡ ,d dYiuk'khy vkSj

Òk"kk&c¨yh

lqfu;ksftr yk;czsjh lsok tSlh dksbZ pht ugha gksrh] tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks i<+us ds fy, çsfjr dj lds vkSj muesa fdrkcksa ds çfr lPpk çse iSnk dj ldsA ;g fLFkfr rc vkSj T;knk xaHkhj :i ys ysrh gS tc ge ns[krs gSa fd T;knkrj v/;kid] gsMekLVj vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd T;knkrj f'k{kk vf/kdkjh Hkh bl ckr dks ugha le> ikrs fd ;g fLFkfr fdruh nq%[kn gSA fygktk] mUgsa Hkh irk ugha gksrk fd bl fo"k; esa D;k fd;k tk,A blh ckr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ;gk¡ ge viuh le> ds fglkc ls yk;czsjh dk ,d eksVk [kkdk is'k dj jgs gSaA lcls igyh ckr ;g gS fd yk;czsjh Ldwy dh lcls [kwclwjr] lcls vkd"kZd txg gksuh pkfg, rkfd fo|kFkhZ [kqn&c&[kqn mldh rjQ f[kaps pys vk,¡A yk;czsjh ,d [kqys] jkS'ku vkSj cM+s dejs esa gksuh pkfg,A yk;czsjh dh nhokjksa dks mi;qä jax&jksxu vkSj Qwy&ifÙk;ksa rFkk [kwclwjr rLohjksa o çfl) fp=ksa dh udyksa ls ltk;k tkuk pkfg,A yk;czsjh dk QuhZpj&cqd'ksYQ] est&dqflZ;k¡] i<+us dh MsLd dk fMtkbu cgqr lko/kkuh ls cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A /;ku jgs fd os dykRed :i ls lqanj Hkh gksa vkSj mi;ksxh HkhA tgk¡ rd gks lds 'ksYQ [kqys gksus pkfg, rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds gkFk csjksd&Vksd fdrkcksa rd ig¡qp ldsa] os mudks l¡Hkkyuk lh[k ldsa vkSj viuh lqfo/kk ls mudks myV&iyV dj ns[k ldsaA yk;czsjh dks ltkrs le; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk iwjk lg;ksx fy;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd mUgsa ;s vglkl gks fd og mudh viuh yk;czsjh gSA nwljh ckr] yk;czsjh dh lQyrk dkQh gn rd bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd ogk¡ fdrkcksa] 'kks/ki=ksa vkSj v[kckjksa dk p;u lgh <ax ls fd;k x;k gS ;k ughaA bl dke ds fy, ,sls v/;kidksa dh desVh cukbZ tk,] ftUgsa lpeqp fdrkcksa ls yxko gks] tks iqLrd leh{kkvksa dks i<+us dh tger mBk ldsa] iqLrd lwfp;ksa dks ns[k ldsa vkSj t:jr iM+s rks fdrkcksa dh nqdkuksa esa Hkh pDdj yxk ldsaA csgrj gksxk fd cPpksa dh i<+us dh fnypfLi;ksa ds v/;;u dk ftEek Hkh blh desVh ds lnL;ksa dks lkSai fn;k tk,A bl v/;;u vkSj fdrkcksa ds p;u] nksuksa dkeksa esa ,sls ofj"B fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkh lkFk j[kk tk, ftudh i<+us esa fo'ks"k #fp fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vkf[kjdkj ogh rks bl tíkstgn ds miHkksäk gSaA mudk lg;ksx fuf'pr :i ls bl çfØ;k esa vkSj fu[kkj yk nsxkA fdrkcksa ds p;u dh dlkSVh ;g ugha gksuh pkfg, fd v/;kidksa dh jk; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, dkSu lh fdrkcsa vPNh gSa] cfYd fdrkcksa dk p;u bl vk/kkj ij fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd cPpksa dh LokHkkfod

vkSj euksoSKkfud #fp;k¡ D;k gSaA vxj fo|kFkhZ ,d [kkl mez esa jgL;&jksekap] ;k=k&o`rkarksa] thofu;ksa vkSj tklwlh miU;klksa dh rjQ T;knk vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa rks mUgsa tcnZLrh dfork,¡] Dykfld ;k yfyr lkfgR; i<+kus dk dksbZ eryc ugha gSA cs'kd] ,d v/;kid dh lQyrk vkSj mldh v/;kiu dq'kyrk blesa gS fd og fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mudh orZeku #fp;ksa ls vkus okys le; dh fnypfLi;ksa dh vksj ys tk ldsA f'k{kk #fp;ksa esa Øfed fodkl vkSj cks/k ds ifj"dkj dh ckr djrh gS] exj ,d v/;kid dk gquj bl ckr esa ugha gS fd oks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ck/; djs] cfYd mldh vlyh egkjr bl ckr esa gS fd og vuk;kl gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d [kkl fn'kk esa eksM+rk tk,A bl iwjs m|e esa mls [kqn ,d mnkgj.k cuuk gksxkA mldk ;gh mRlkg mls vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa cgqr vPNs lgikBd fnyk ldrk gSA

:i ls i<+us ds fy, ;k lanHkZ lkexzh ds rkSj ij mi;qä fdrkcksa ds p;u esa lykg nsus ds fy, rS;kj jguk gksxk rkfd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius O;fäxr ;k lkewfgd çktsDV esa yxkrkj ekxZn'kZu feyrk jgsA blds fy, ;s cgqr t:jh gS fd mls vius lHkh lgdfeZ;ksa dh lgk;rk feysA blds fy, f'k{kd çf'k{k.k dƒystksa esa bu lgdfeZ;ksa dks Hkh yk;czsjh f'k{kk dk dqN Kku vkSj çf'k{k.k fn;k tk,A ysfdu ewy :i ls bl iwjs m|e dk dsaæfcanq vkSj bl iwjh ckSf)d o lkfgfR;d mFky&iqFky dk çsj.kklzksr ykbczsfj;u gh gksxkA bl çlax esa gekjh flQkfj'k gS fd ftu v/;kidksa dks Vªsfuax dWkyst esa i<+kbZ ds nkSjku yk;czsjh dk;Z dk dksbZ çf'k{k.k ugha feyk gS mudks Hkh xzh"edkyhu ikB~;Øeksa esa Hkstk tk, tgk¡ os 4&8 g¶rs rd iqLrdky; dk;Z dk v/;;u dj ldsaA

yk;czsjh dks vkd"kZd <ax ls O;ofLFkr djus vkSj mlesa cf<+;k fdrkcksa dk HkaMkj tek dj ysus ds ckn vxyh egŸoiw.kZ pht ;g gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d dq'ky lsok feysA tSlk fd geus ihNs ftØ fd;k Fkk] T;knkrj Ldwyksa esa ,slh lsok dh dYiuk rd fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA bl dke ds fy, gesa osru vkSj gSfl;r ds ekeys esa nwljs f'k{kdksa ds led{k ,d csgn ;ksX; vkSj çf'kf{kr ykbczsfj;u dh vko';drk gksxhA gekjk fuf'pr er gS fd çR;sd ek/;fed Ldwy esa de ls de ,d iw.kZdkfyd ykbczsfj;u t:j gksuk pkfg,A vxj mldk dke flQZ fdrkcksa dk jftLVj l¡Hkkyuk gS] vxj mldks flQZ tc&rc yk;czsjh [kksy dj j[kuh gS vkSj dHkh&dHkkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fdrkcsa b';w djuk gS rks tkfgj gS fd ,sls iw.kZdkfyd vkSj mPp ;ksX;rk çkIr ykbczsfj;u dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA ysfdu] vxj ge yk;czsjh dks Ldwy ds vdknfed vkSj ckSf)d txr dk dsaæ cukuk pkgrs gSa] vxj ge mls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh iBu #fp;ksa dks iwjk djus vkSj fn'kk nsus dk lzksr cukuk pkgrs gSa] vxj ge mls eqä vkSj ekxZnf'kZr v/;;u ds lkFk&lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds çkstsDV o lewg dk;Z dk dsaæ cukuk pkgrs gSa rks ;g vfuok;Z gks tkrk gS fd ykbczsfj;u cgqr dq'ky O;fä gksA mls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds chp yk;czsjh esa vkbZ ubZ&iqjkuh fdrkcksa dk çpkj djuk gksxk] mls vyx&vyx d{kkvksa ds fy, mi;qä iqLrd lwfp;k¡ rS;kj djuh gksaxh] mls iqLrdksa ds va'k vkSj iqLrd leh{kkvksa ds va'k uksfVl cksMZ ij yxkus gksaxs rFkk iqLrd çn'kZuh yxkuh gksxhA tgka rd laHko gks mls lkewfgd iBu çkstsDV 'kq: djuk gksxk ftlesa ,d tSlh fnypLih j[kus okys fo|kFkhZ ,d lkFk cksy&cksy dj dfork,¡ ;k dgkfu;k¡ ;k Mªkes i<+ dj ,d&nwljs dks lquk,¡A mls lkekU;

geus flQkfj'k dh gS fd çR;sd ek/;fed Ldwy esa ,d çf'kf{kr ykbczsfj;u ds usr`Ro esa ,d dsaæh; yk;czsjh gksuh pkfg,A Ldwyh bekjrksa dh tSlh n'kk gS mldks ns[krs gq, vHkh gj Ldwy esa ,d fo'kky iBu d{k vkSj lacaf/kr lqfo/kk,¡ tqVkus dh dYiuk djuk eqf'dy gSA çR;sd Ldwy ds fy, ,d ;ksX; vkSj çf'kf{kr ykbczsfj;u miyC/k djkus esa Hkh le; yxsxkA fygktk] gekjh flQkfj'k gS fd fQygky dqN f'k{kdksa dks gh muds çf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe ds rgr Ldwy yk;czsjh ds çca/ku o lapkyu dh f'k{kk nh tk,A ;s vkaf'kd :i ls çf'kf{kr v/;kid&ykbczsfj;u /khjs&/khjs dsaæh; yk;czsjh [kM+h djsaxs vkSj ,d leqfpr yk;czsjh lsok rS;kj djsaxsA blh chp os d{kk yk;czsjh dks Hkh pykrs jgsaxsA d{kk yk;czsjh okLro esa Ldwy dh dsaæh; yk;czsjh dk ,d cgqr egŸoiw.kZ vkSj vfuok;Z vax gksrh gSA bldks cgqr vklkuh ls tek;k tk ldrk gSA ,d dYiuk'khy f'k{kd ds gkFkksa esa ;g viuh lhekvksa ds ckotwn ,d dsaæh; yk;czsjh tSlh cf<+;k lsok ns ldrh gSA d{kk yk;czsjh ds lapkyu ds fy, ,d t:jh fgnk;r ;s gS fd mlds HkaMkj dks tYnh&tYnh cnyk tk, rkfd d{kk dh pkjnhokjh ds Hkhrj Hkh cPpksa dks ,d fofo/krkiw.kZ ckSf)d lkexzh miyC/k gksrh jgsA ,d le>nkj Dykl Vhpj viuh Dykl yk;czsjh dks cf<+;k <ax ls bLrseky djrs gq, vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa u dsoy lgh iBu vknrsa fodflr dj ldrk gS cfYd viuh yk;czsjh dk nwljs 'kSf{kd mís';ksa ds fy, Hkh bLrseky dj ldrk gSA ,d rjg ls oks nwljs v/;kidksa ds eqdkcys ykHk dh fLFkfr esa gS vkSj vxj mls [kqn i<+us esa etk vkrk gks rks fu'p; gh og vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Hkh iqLrdksa ds çfr bl yxko vkSj mRlkg dk lapkj dj nsxkA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

lCtsDV yk;czsjh çR;sd gkbZ Ldwy esa d{kk yk;czsjh ds vykok vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa ds v/;kidksa dh ns[k&js[k esa fo"k; dsafær iqLrdky; Hkh gksus pkfg,A dq'ky fo"k; f'k{kd vius fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr iqLrdksa ds ,d NksVs ls laxzg dh enn ls vius v/;kiu esa ,d tcjnLr ped yk ldrs gSaA [k;ky jgs fd muds HkaMkj esa flQZ ikB~;iqLrdsa u gksaA muds ikl mUur 'kks/k] lanHkZ iqLrdsa] lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa dh iqLrdsa Hkh gksuh pkfg,A muds laxzg esa bu lkjh phtksa dks txg feyuh pkfg, rkfd tc fo|kFkhZ mudks ns[ksa&iyVsa rks mUgsa ml fo"k; ds lkjs vk;keksa dh ,d >yd fey tk,A blls T;knk çsj.kknk;h v/;kid ugha gks ldrk fd oks [kqn vius fo"k; ls çse Hkh djrk gks vkSj bl çse dks lgh <ax ls vius cPpksa esa jksi Hkh ldrk gksA gsMekLVjksa vkSj v/;kidksa dks bl ckr ij yxkrkj utj j[kuh pkfg, fd muds fo|kFkhZ D;k i<+ jgs gSaA fQygky rks ,slk drbZ ugha gSA tks fo|kFkhZ [kqn igy ysdj vius v/;kidksa ls bl ckjs esa ppkZ dj ysrs gSa fd mUgsa D;k i<+ ysuk pkfg,] ,sls eqëh Hkj

fp=% vuZc fe=k

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks NksM+dj dksbZ f'k{kdksa ds ikl ekxZn'kZu ds fy, ugha tkrk] cfYd T;knkrj v/;kidksa dks bl ckr dh gok rd ugha gksrh fd muds T;knkrj fo|kFkhZ D;k i<+ jgs gSa ;k os dqN i<+ Hkh jgs gSa vFkok ughaA bldk lh/kk eryc ;s gS fd mUgsa bu lkjh ckrksa dk ,slk foLr`r fjdkMZ j[kuk pkfg, ftldks os dHkh Hkh vklkuh ls ns[k ldsaA bl çlax esa ge nks flQkfj'ksa nsuk pkgrs gSaA ftl

Òk"kk&c¨yh

yk;czsjh esa b';w dkMZ dh ctk; b';w jftLVj j[ks x, gSa] ogk¡ gj fo|kFkhZ dks jftLVj ds dqN iUus fn, tk,¡ ftuesa og viuh i<+h gqbZ lkjh fdrkcksa dks rkjh[k ds fglkc ls ntZ djrk tk,A blls Dykl Vhpj vkSj gsMekLVj dHkh Hkh ;s tku ldsaxs fd dkSu lk cPpk D;k i<+ jgk gSA blds vk/kkj ij os mls vko';d lykg vkSj çksRlkgu ns ldrs gSaA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd çR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks ,d Mk;jh cukuh pkfg, ftlesa og frfFkokj viuh i<+h gqbZ lkjh fdrkcksa ds uke ¼ys[kdksa ds uke lfgr½] ftl fdrkc esa tks dqN vkd"kZd yxk mu ckrksa dks ;k mu va'kksa dks fy[krk jgsA vkxs pydj fo|kFkhZ viuh i<+h gqbZ fdrkcksa dh laf{kIr leh{kk,¡ ;k lkjka'k Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA lkjs Ldwy o"kksaZ ds nkSjku pyus okyh ;g yk;czsjh çR;sd fo|kFkhZ ds ckSf)d fodkl vkSj lkfgfR;d c<+r dk cgqr vkd"kZd uD'kk gksxhA ;g mlds fy, u dsoy orZeku esa mi;ksxh gksxh cfYd vkxs pydj Hkh mlds fy, fnypLih dk lcc gks ldrh gSA ßyk;czsjh lqfo/kkvksa dks etcwrh nsus vkSj mudk vf/kdre lnqi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ge ;gk¡ dqN lkekU; lq>ko nsuk pkgrs gSaA igyh ckr] lHkh lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa esa de ls de ,d [kaM dsoy cPpksa] fd'kksj&fd'kksfj;ksa ds fy, gksuk pkfg,A ;g [kaM LFkkuh; Ldwy yk;czsjht ds fy, iwjd dk dke djsxkA nwljh ckr] Ldwy yk;czsjht dks Nqfê;ksa ds fnu vkSj yach Nqfê;ksa ds nkSjku [kqyk j[kuk pkfg, rkfd fo|kFkhZ vkSj vxj laHko gks rks LFkkuh; leqnk; Hkh mldk ykHk mBk ldsaA tgk¡ dksbZ ifCyd yk;czsjh ugha gS ogk¡ Ldwy dks bl laHkkouk ij fopkj djuk pkfg, fd mldh yk;czsjh fdlh gn rd vke turk ds fy, Hkh [kqyh jgsA cs'kd] blds fy, dqN vfrfjä [kpZ djuk iM+ ldrk gS exj ;g cgqr lkFkZd O;; gksxk D;ksafd blls Ldwy vkSj leqnk; ds chp ,d rjg dh lk>snkjh cuus yxsxh ftl ij geus bl fjiksVZ esa ihNs Hkh tksj fn;k gSA gekjk ;s Hkh ekuuk gS fd ftu jkT;ksa esa iqLrdky; vf/kHkkj olwy fd;k tk jgk gS ogk¡ bl vf/kHkkj ls vkus okyh jkf'k Ldwy yk;czsjh ds lq/kkj vkSj lq–<+hdj.k ij [kpZ dh tk,A NksVs LFkkuksa ij cgqr de [kpsZ esa Ldwy yk;czsjh dks bl rjg lapkfyr fd;k tk ldrk gS fd oks vklikl dh vkcknh ds fy, ,d lkoZtfud iqLrdky; ds :i esa dke dj ldsaA blls Ldwy yk;czsjh vkSj lkoZtfud iqLrdky;] nksuksa ds fy, vyx&vyx bekjr o QuhZpj dh Hkh t:jr ugha iM+sxh vkSj T;knk deZpkfj;ksa dh Hkh t:jr ugha iM+sxhA ¼ fjiksVZ vƒQ n lsdsaMjh ,Mqds'ku deh'ku] i`"B 89-94 ½

jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk 4.6.2

2005

iqLrdky;

Ldwy iqLrdky; dkQh le; ls uhfrxr lq>koksa dk fgLlk jgs gaS] ysfdu vkt Hkh Ldwyksa esa pkyw gkyr esa iqLrdky; fcjys gh ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA ;g t:jh gS fd Hkfo"; esa ;kstuk,¡ cukrs le; iqLrdky; dks Ldwy ds gj Lrj ds fy, ,d vko';d ?kVd ds :i esa ns[kk tk,A f'k{kdksa vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa nksuksa dks gh bl ckr ds fy, izksRlkfgr vkSj izf'kf{kr djus dh t:jr gS fd og iqLrdky; dks vf/kxe] vkuan ,oa rUe;rk ds lk/ku ds :i esa bLrseky djsaA Ldwy iqLrdky; dh ladYiuk ,d ,sls ckSf)d LFky ds :i esa dh tkuh pkfg, tgk¡ f'k{kd] fo|kFkhZ vkSj fudVLFk leqnk; ds yksx Kku ds xgjs vFkks± vkSj dYiuk”khyrk dh ryk”k esa vk,¡A fdrkcksa ds lwphdj.k vkSj vU; O;oLFkkvksa dks ogk¡ bl izdkj fodflr fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd cPps vkRefuHkZj :i ls iqLrdky; dk mi;ksx dj ik,¡A fdrkcksa vkSj if=dkvksa ds vykok] iqLrdky; esa lwpuk rduhd ds u, vk;keksa dh lqfoèkk gksuh pkfg,] rkfd fo|kFkhZ foLr`r fo”o ls tqM+ ik,¡A fu;kstu ds vkjafHkd pj.kksa esa [k.M ds Lrj ;k ladqy Lrj ij iqLrdky;ksa dks le`) fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr dks izR;sd Ldwy esa iqLrdky; LFkkfir djus dh rjQ dne mBkus pkfg,] pkgs Ldwy fdlh Hkh Lrj dk gksA ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa] xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lkeqnkf;d iqLrdky; py jgs gSa vkSj ftyksa ds eq[;ky;ksa esa Hkh ljdkjh iqLrdky; dh O;oLFkk gSA Hkfo"; esa fu;kstu dh ;g ek¡x gksxh fd bl rjg dh laLFkkvksa dks Ldwyh iqLrdky;ksa ds usVodZ esa tksM+ fn;k tk, ftlls lalk/kuksa dk vf/kdre mi;ksx gks ik,A jktk jke eksgu jk; ykbczsjh QkmaMs'ku dks vfrfjDr lalk/ku miyC/k djok, tk ldrs gSa fd og Ldwyh iqLrdky;ksa ds usVodZ dh ladYiuk esa ,d la;kstd laLFkk dh rjg dke djs vkSj usVodZ cu tkus ds ckn mlds j[kj[kko ij Hkh /;ku nsA fnu&izfr&fnu ds Ldwyh thou esa iqLrdky; dbZ izdkj ds mís'; iwjs djrs gaSA iqLrdky; ds mi;ksx dks ,d gh ?kaVs rd lhfer djus ls cPpksa esa iBu ds izfr #fp txus esa eqf'dy vkrh gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fdrkcsa ?kj ys tkus dh lqfoèkk nh tkuh pkfg,A

iqLrdky; lapkyu] izcaèku vkSj bLrseky ds fy, f'k{kdksa ds izf'k{k.k ls O;oLFkk laca/kh fLFkfr;ksa dh ekax ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA tgk¡ Ldwy Hkou esa vyx ls iqLrdky; d{k dh O;oLFkk gks] ogk¡ ,d ldkjkRed yksdkpkj ds fy, jks'kuh vkSj cSBus dh vPNh O;oLFkk dh rjQ /;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA ;g Hkh laHko gks ldrk gS fd f'k{kd] iqLrdky; ds lalkèkuksa ds bLrseky }kjk iqLrdky; esa d{kk vk;ksftr djsa] iqLrdky; ds vanj d{kk ysus ;k iqLrdky; ls Ik;kZIr iqLrdsa d{kk esa ys tkus vkSj blds vykok ppkZ djus] fdlh f'kYidkj dks lquus ;k dgkuh lqukus ds fy, Hkh iqLrdky; dk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA f'k{kdksa dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, ladqy ,oa [k.M Lrj ij ,sls lalk/kukRed iqLrdky; cuk dj ikB~;p;kZ ds uohuhdj.k dks etcwr fd;k tk ldrk gSA gj [k.M dks fdlh ,d fo"k; {ks= esa fof'k"V cuk;k tk, rkfd ftys esa i;kZIr lalkèku miyC/k gks tk,¡A iqLrdky; & lIrkg esa ,d ?kaVk iqLrdky;&v/;;u dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA bl le; ds nkSjku cPps iqLrdky; esa cSBsa vkSj 'kkafr ls i<+asA os fiNys lIrkg yh gqbZ fdrkcksa dks ykSVk nsa vkSj u;h fdrkcas ys tk,¡A & ;fn iqLrdky;&d{k ugha gS rks f'k{kd cPpksa dh voLFkk ds vuqlkj fdrkcsa yk ldrs gSa vkSj mu iqLrd&leqPp; esa ls cPpksa dks iqLrdksa dk pquko djus ds fy, dg ldrs gSaA ;g vko”;d gS fd cPps Lo;a iqLrdsa pqus u fd f'k{kd iqLrdsa ck¡VsaA & Hkk"kk d{kk esa fdrkcsa ykbZ tk ldrh gSaA ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds fy, cPpksa ls iqLrdky; ls vU; lkexzh i<+us ds fy, dgk tk ldrk gSA cPpksa dks dgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkk"kk d{kk ds nkSjku fiNys lIrkg i<+h xbZ fdrkcksa ds ckjs esa fy[ksaA cPpksa dks i<+h gqbZ dgkuh vU; cPpksa dks lqukus ds fy, dgk tk ldrk gSA & NqfÍ;ksa ds nkSjku Ldwyh iqLrdky; [kqys j[ks tk,¡A ¼jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk 2005, v/;k; 4% fo|ky; ,oa d{kk dk okrkoj.k] 4.6 ikB~;p;kZ ds LFky vkSj vfèkxe ds lalk/ku] 4.6.2 iqLrdky; i`"B 103 o 104 ½

Òk"kk&c¨yh

jk’Vªh; f”k{kk uhfr 1986 iqLrdsa vkSj iqLrdky; 8.8 tu

f'k{kk ds fy, de dher ij iqLrdksa dk miyC/k gksuk cgqr gh t:jh gSA lekt ds lHkh oxZ dks vklkuh ls iqLrdsa miyC/k djkus ds iz;kl fd;s tk;saxsA lkFk gh iqLrdksa fd xq.koŸkk dks lq/kkjus] i<+us dh vknr dk fodkl djus vkSj l`tukRed ys[ku dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, dne mBk, tk,saxsA ys[kdksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk dh tk,xhA fons‘kh iqLrdksa ds Hkkjrh; Hkk“kkvksa esa vPNs vuqoknksa dks lg;rk nh tk,xhA cPPkksa ds fy, vPNh iqLrdksa ds fueZk.k ij fo‘ks“k /;ku fn;k tk,xkA buesa ikB~;iqLrdsa vkSj vH;kl iqLrdsa Hkh lfEEkfyr gksxhA 8.9 iqLrdsa ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk ekStwnk iqLrdky;ksa ds lq/kkj ds fy, vkSj u, iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ,d jk"VªO;kih vfHk;ku pyk;k tk,xkA izR;sd 'kSf{kd laLFkk esa iqLrdky; dh lqfo/kk ds fy, izko/kku fd;k tk,xk vkSj iqLrdky;k/;{kksa ds Lrj dks lq/kkjk tk,xkA ¼jk‘Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986, Hkkx& VII, f'k{kk fd fo‘k;&oLrq vkSj izfØ;k dks u;k eksM+ nsuk] i`"B 12½

vkpk;Z jkeewfrZ desVh vHkh rks i<+us dh cf<+;k vknr vkSj Lok/;k; dh {kerk fodflr djus dh ctk; ikB~;iqLrd vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ij gh T;knk fuHkZjrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vxj Ldwyh f'k{kk esa iwjd lkexzh ij tksj fn;k tk, vkSj yk;czsjh dk;Z dks mldk ,d egŸoiw.kZ fgLlk cuk;k tk, rks ikB~;iqLrdksa ij ;g furkar fuHkZjrk de dh tk ldrh gS vkSj f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa Hkh fxjkoV ugha vk,xhA ¼vkpk;Z jkeewfrZ desVh fjiksVZ flQkfj'ksa] v/;k; 12] dUVsaV ,s.M çkslsl vƒQ ,tqds'ku] i`"B 264½

cPpksa dh fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e

2009

vuqlwph ¼ns[kas /kkjk & 19 ,oa 25½ fo|ky; ds fy, ekud ,oa ekun.M Øe la[;k

ekud ,oa ekun.M

iqLrdky;

izR;sd fo|ky; esa ,d&,d iqLrdky; gksxk] ftlesa lekpkj i=] if=dk ,oa lHkh lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa dh iqLrdksa ds lkFk&lkFk dgkuh dh iqLrdsa miyC/k djkbZ tk,xhA

¼Hkkjr dk jkti=] f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e

Òk"kk&c¨yh

2009

i`’B

13½

fopkj

cPpksa ds fy, lkfgR; ;k ikB~;iqLrd & pUnu ;kno vxj fofo/k lkaL—frd ifjos'k esa jgus okys fofHkUu vk;q&oxZ ds cPps&cfPp;ksa dh Hkkf"kd {kerk dk fodkl Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dk mís'; gS] rks ;g dke egt ,d vdsys ikB~;iqLrd ds cycwrs laHko ugha gks ik,xkA ikB~;lkexzh dh cgqyrk vkSj Ldwy ;k d{kk esa ,d NksVh&lh iqLrdky; dh LFkkiuk Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dks csgrj vkSj vFkZiw.kZ cuk,xhA csgrj gksxk fd ge viuh ckr dh 'kq#vkr Jherh uhrk eksgyk ds bl lq>ko ls djsa] tks mUgksaus ,ulh,Q dks fn;k FkkA os dgrh gSa fd gesa dsoy gj fo"k; dk cht cksuk gSA blds fy, lewps isM+ dks Bksd&ihVdj Mkyus dh njdkj ugha gSA tc ge vius vklikl ds 'kSf{kd fØ;kdyki dks ns[krs gSa rks yxrk gS fd lewps isM+ dks gh Bksd&ihVdj Mkyus dh dok;n py jgh gSA bl dok;n esa ikB~;iqLrdksa dk mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gSA ikB~;iqLrdksa dk vkHkk e.My f'k{kdksa dks ;g lkspus gh ugha nsrk fd cPpksa esa le> vkSj dkS'ky fodflr djus ds fy, ikB~;iqLrdksa ds vykok vU; lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA oSls rks ;g ckr fdlh Hkh fo"k; ds f'k{k.k ij ykxw gksxh] ysfdu fQygky Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dk mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dk mís'; ;k lk/; gS & Hkk"kk&dkS'ky dk fodkl vkSj i<+us&fy[kus dh vknr dks c<+kok nsukA bl lk/; dks vyx&vyx lk/kuksa ls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ikB~;iqLrdsa bl lk/; dh çkfIr ds fy, miyC/k ,d egÙoiw.kZ lk/ku gSa] ysfdu ,d ek= lk/ku ugha gSaA mPp&çkFkfed Lrj ij dgkfu;ksa ds ukV~; :ikarj.k vkSj muds çn'kZu] Ldwyh Lrj ij gLrfyf[kr if=dk ds çdk'ku lfgr vusd lk/kuksa ls Hkk"kk&dkS'ky dk fodkl gks ldrk gSA tc ikB~;iqLrdksa esa lfEefyr lHkh v/;k;ksa dk d{kk esa ,drjQk v/;kiu vkSj gj v/;k; ds var esa fn, x, lokyksa dks gy djok nsus dks gh Hkk"kk&dkS'ky ds fodkl dk vafre lk/; eku fy;k tkrk gS] rks lh[kus&fl[kkus ds vU; lHkh oSdfYid lk/kuksa ij fopkj gh ugha gks ikrk gSA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

Hkk"kk dh ikB~;iqLrdsa Hkk"kk [kkldj fgUnh dh ikB~;iqLrdksa ls eksVs rkSj ij nks rjg dh vis{kk dh tkrh gS& ,d Hkk"kk;h {kerkvksa dk fodkl rFkk nwljk ,d yksdrkaf=d ns'k ds vPNs ukxfjd gksus ds fy, vko';d dqN cqfu;knh ewY;ksa vkSj fopkjksa dk vkRelkrhdj.kA çk;% ns[kk ;g x;k gS fd ;g nwljk y{; gh ikB~;iqLrdksa ds fy, fo"k;oLrq ds p;u esa Nk;k jgrk gSA /keZfujis{krk] ns'kHkfä] HkkbZpkjk] U;k;] vfgalk] i;kZoj.k&psruk vkfn os ewY; gSa] ftuds vkRelkrhdj.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA bu cM+s&cM+s 'kCnksa esa vFkZ ds dbZ isap gSaA ;s vU; ckrksa ls ,dne fujis{k ugha gSaA bl fLFkfr esa gksrk ;g gS fd /keZfujis{krk dk eryc lHkh /keksaZ ds çfr vknj esa cny tkrk gS vkSj ikB~;iqLrdksa esa ;g nhikoyh vkSj bZn ij ,d&,d ikB 'kkfey dj fy;k tkrk gSA vfgalk vkSj U;k; tSlh ckrksa dks fgalk vkSj vU;k; ds lUnHkZ esa gh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vfgalk dk eeZ crkrh fdlh Hkh vPNh dgkuh esa fgalk ds C;ksjs Hkh vk,¡xs ghA ij ,slh dgkuh dks bl vk/kkj ij ikB~;iqLrd ls ckgj gh j[kk tkrk gS fd blesa fgalk ds fooj.k gSaA blds ihNs ;g ekU;rk gS fd cPps dksey ân; gSaA vU;k; vkSj fgalk ds ikB muds dksey eu dks Bsl igq¡pk ldrs gSaA ,d [kkl rjg ds e/;eoxhZ; lqjf{kr cpiu ds vuqHkoksa ls cPpksa ds ckjs esa bl rjg dh le> curh gSA okLrfod thou esa rks vf/kdrj cPpksa dk ifjos'k Hkh mu lc }a}ksa ls vNwrk ugha gSa tks cM+ksa ds thou esa gSaA os jkst gh vius vklikl vkSj ifjokj esa Hkh ,slh dbZ ?kVukvksa dks ns[krs gSa] tks fgalk] vU;k; vkSj vlfg".kqrk ls Hkjh gqbZ gSaA gksuk rks ;g pkfg, fd bu ckrksa dks ikB~;iqLrdksa esa txg nh tk,] bu ij i;kZIr ckr dh tk, vkSj ,slk djrs gq, cPpksa esa lgh ckr dks pquus dk foosd txkus dh dksf'k'k dh tk,A mi;qZä ckrksa esa dbZ vxj vkSj exj yx ldrs gSaA oSls Hkh ;s elys Hkkf"kd dkS'ky ds fodkl

ds de] fdrkc dh fo"k;oLrq ds T;knk gSaA ij bl ckr ij rks flQZ g¡lk gh tk ldrk gS fd dksbZ ,d fdrkc cPpksa esa bu lc fopkjksa vkSj ewY;ksa dks jksi nsxhA blfy, Hkk"kk ds ikB~;iqLrdksa esa fo"k; p;u dk eq[; mís'; ,slh lkexzh dk p;u gksuk pkfg,] ftlls Hkk"kk;h dkS'kyksa ds fodkl esa enn feysA ikB~;&lkexzh dks i<+dj le>uk] i<+h xbZ ckr dks vius vuqHkoksa ls tksM+ ikuk] vkuUn ds fy, vkSj ftu ckrksa esa #fp gks mudks tkuus ds fy, i<+uk rFkk vius fopkjksa vkSj dYiukvksa dks ekSf[kd vkSj fyf[kr :i esa O;ä dj ikuk vxj gks ik jgk gS] rks ge dg ldrs gSa fd fo|kFkhZ esa Hkk"kk;h {kerkvksa dk fodkl gks jgk gSA jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk] 2005 ^ikB~;iqLrd dh cgqyrk* 'kh"kZd v/;k; esa dgrh gS fd vkn'kZ :i ls rks dbZ rjg dh ikB~;iqLrdksa dh miyC/krk dh ckr dh tkuh pkfg, ftlls ,d rjQ rks f'k{kdksa ds lkeus fodYi gks vkSj nwljh rjQ cPpksa dh #fp;ksa vkSj vko';drk ds vuq:i fofo/k ikB~;lkexzh dk Hkh lekos'k gks ldsA tc dkQh iqLRkdsa vkSj lgk;d lkexzh miyC/k gksxh rks f'k{kd Hkh mRlkfgr gksdj ;g pquko dj ldsaxsA blls dqN gn rd f'k{kd dh Lok;Ùkrk vkSj pquko ds volj c<+ tk,¡xsA dbZ rjg dh ikB~;iqLrdksa dh miyC/krk vU; fo"k;ksa esa cPpksa ds Lrjkuqlkj 'kk;n mruh u gks] ij Hkk"kk esa gj Lrj ds fy, lkfgR; miyC/k gSA buesa ls vPNh rjg ls pquh xbZ fdrkcksa dh yk;czsjh ikB~;iqLrd dh txg ys ldrh gSA rc 'kk;n lewps isM+ dks Bksd&ihVdj Mkyus dh dok;n u gks] cfYd cPpksa esa vkuUn vkSj Kku ikus ds fy, i<+us ds cht cks, tk ldsaA

pUnu ;kno f'k{kk vkSj lelkef;d eqnnksa ij dbZ ys[k çdkf'krA cPpksa ds fy, fy[kh dgkfu;k¡ o dfork,¡ çdkf'krA fQygky ,dyO; esaA lEidZ& pUnu ;kno }kjk ,dyO¸k] bZ 10] 'kadj uxj] ch Mh , dkyksuh] Hkksiky- eks- 9425608869

Òk"kk&c¨yh

lkaLd`frd igy

dsjy dk iqLrdky; vkUnksyu vkSj ukxfjd f'k{kk & ,e-ih- ijes'oju vuqokn& ;ksxsUæ nÙk

i<+uk vU; lHkh ekuoh; fØ;kdyki dh rjg lkekftd&lkaL—frd xfrfof/k gSA oSls rks iqLrdky; ds v/;;u d{k esa fdrkc i<+rk gqvk gj 'k[l vdsyk fn[krk gS] ysfdu njvly i<+uk&fy[kuk laokn djus dh gh ,d fHkUu i)fr gSA blfy, bfrgkl ds fdlh nkSj esa vxj dksbZ lkekftd lewg feytqy dj viuk Hkfo"; x<+us dh dksf'k'k djrk gS rks ml nkSj esa fdrkcsa T;knk fy[kh vkSj çdkf'kr dh tkrh gSa] iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk gksrh gS vkSj ,d thoar laLFkk ds :i esa iqLrdky; xfrfof/k;ksa dk dsUæ cu tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa Lok/khurk vkanksyu dk nkSj ,d ,slk gh nkSj FkkA vius bl ys[k esa ,e- ih- ijes'oju us dsjy esa ,d ,sls gh nkSj dh ppkZ dh gS tc ukxfjd f'k{kk dks iqLrdky; vkUnksyu vkSj iqLrd çdk'ku ds dsaæ esa j[kk x;kA vkt dsjy f'k{kk] f'k'kq&e`R;q&nj tSls ekuo fodkl ds vusd lwpdkadksa ds vk/kkj ij ,d fodflr jkT; gSA bl miyfC/k dh iwoZihfBdk dsjy esa pyus okys ,dkf/kd lkekftd&lkaL—frd vkUnksyuksa us rS;kj dh gSA

ekuo fodkl lEcU/kh foe'kZ esa dsjy dh viuh ,d txg gSA cgqr ekewyh çfr O;fä vk; ds ckotwn dsjy cgqr Å¡ph ekuo fodkl nj çkIr djus esa lQy jgk gSA QyLo:i] dsjy esa vkSlr vk;q vkSj f'k{kk dk Lrj Å¡pk gSA xgjh jktuhfrd psruk vkSj mlls tqM+s jktuhfrd la?k"kksaZ dh otg ls dsjy ds yksxksa dks u dsoy cgqr lkjs vf/kdkj feys] ekuo fodkl ds {ks= esa dsjy dh lQyrk,¡ blh psruk dk ifj.kke gSaA ,d O;kid vFkZ esa ns[ksa rks ukxfjd f'k{kk us bl psruk ds fodkl esa lcls vge Hkwfedk vnk dhA orZeku lnh esa iBu@okpu d{kksa vkSj iqLrdky; vkUnksyu ls ukxfjd f'k{kk ds çlkj dks c<+kok feykA blls lk{kjrk esa

Òk"kk&c¨yh

Hkkjh btkQk gqvk gSA jktuhfrd ppkZ,¡] cgl&eqckfglk] tulHkk,¡] ipsZ vkfn ukxfjd f'k{kk ds egÙoiw.kZ midj.k FksA bl lkekftd f'k{kk dh ^ikB~;p;kZ* esa lekt foKku] vFkZ'kkL= vkSj jktuhfr foKku ds lkFk&lkFk dyk o laL—fr ds igyqvksa dks Hkh txg nh tkrh FkhA iqLrdky;&vkUnksyu dkykZby us dgk Fkk& ß,d lPpk fo'ofo|ky; vly esa fdrkcksa dk ,d HkaMkj gksrk gSAÞ fyf[kr 'kCn esa ,d tknw gksrk gSA vlhfj;k] felz fLFkr fldanfj;k vkSj Hkkjr esa ukyank tSls çkphu iqLrdky; fo'ofo[;kr jgs gSaA vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa Hkh ,d vyx rjg dh Hkwfedk jgh gSA iqutkZxj.k vkUnksyu ds vkyksd esa iqLrdky; ifjorZu ds dsUæ curs pys x, FksA i<+s&fy[ks yksx ¼if'peh vFkZ esa i<+s&fy[ks½ vkSj ns'kHkä lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ turk dks f'kf{kr djus dk egÙo tkurs FksA blh psruk ds QyLo:i ,d ^iqLrdky; vkUnksyu* mHkjus yxk vkSj iwjs Hkkjr esa QSy x;kA dsjy esa Hkh mUuhloha 'krkCnh dh vkf[kjh pkSFkkbZ esa cgqr lkjs iqLrdky; [kksys x,A chloha 'krkCnh dh igyh pkSFkkbZ esa vkSj Hkh cM+h la[;k esa u, iqLrdky; [kqysA 1868 esa

jkT; ljdkj ds ç;klksa ls f=osaæe ifCyd ykbczsjh dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA blds ckn ,ukZdqye ¼1891½] f=lwj ¼1873½] dksêk;e ¼1882½] rsyhpsjh¼1901½] dks>hdksM ¼1924½ vkSj dUuwj ¼1925½ esa Hkh lkoZtfud iqLrdky; [kksys x,A cgqr lkjs iqLrdky; LFkkuh; yksxksa dh igy ij LFkkfir fd, x,A 1931 esa f=lqj esa ,d vf[ky dsjy iqLrdky; ifj"kn dk xBu fd;k x;k ftlds lkStU; ls ^xzaFk fopkj* uked ,d =Sekfld if=dk dk çdk'ku 'kq: gqvk] exj nqHkkZX;o'k bldk dsoy ,d gh vad çdkf'kr gks ik;kA 1935 esa uS;fÙkudjk fLFkr Kkuçnkf;uh iqLrdky; ds lkStU; ls vf[ky =ko.kdksj iqLrdky; lEesyu dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA 1933 esa blh rjg dk lEesyu f=osaæe esa Hkh gks pqdk FkkA dkyhdV esa 1937 esa igyh ekykckj iqLrdky; ifj"kn dk xBu fd;k x;kA iwjs dsjy esa çHkkoh dsjy xzaFkky; laxe dk iathdj.k 1843 esa djk;k x;kA nqHkkZX;o'k] ;s lkjh laLFkk,¡ yacs le; rd thfor ugha jg ikbZaA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

1945 esa

vacykiq>k fLFkr ih ds Lekjd iqLrdky; esa ,d vkSj cSBd cqykbZ xbZ vkSj ,d ckj fQj dsjy xzaFk'kkyk laxe ds xBu dk QSlyk fy;k x;kA 'kq#vkr esa ;s dsoy =ko.kdksj rd lhfer FkhA 47 iqLrdky; blds lnL; FksA iwjs dsjy esa u, iqLrdky; [kksyus dh ,d ygj pyh gqbZ FkhA ljdkj Hkh bu iqLrdky;ksa dks c<+&p<+dj lgk;rk ns jgh FkhA bekjrksa ds fuekZ.k o ejEer ds fy,] fdrkcsa o i=&if=dk,¡ [kjhnus ds fy,] deZpkfj;ksa dh ru[okg ds fy, iqLrdky;ksa dks vuqnku fn, tk jgs FksA dqy feykdj laxe ds lnL;ksa esa 4000 ls T;knk iqLrdky; FksA budks fdrkcksa dh la[;k] if=dkvksa ds vadksa dh la[;k vkfn ds vk/kkj ij vyx&vyx Jsf.k;ksa esa j[kk tkrk FkkA mUgsa rkYyqdk ;wfu;u o ftyk ;wfu;uksa esa Hkh lewgc) fd;k x;k FkkA dqy feykdj fLFkfr ;s Fkh fd xazFk'kkyk laxe ,d ^çfr"Bku* cu pqdk FkkA ml tekus esa iqLrdky; vkSj okpu d{k fey&tqy dj lh[kus ds dsUæ vkSj Lora=rk vkUnksyu ds vìs FksA bUgksaus yksxksa ds lkeus ,d ubZ nqfu;k ds njokts [kksys vkSj ,d ubZ psruk dk fodkl fd;kA ;s jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu vkSj ckn esa lkekftd vkUnksyu dh ikB'kkyk,¡ Hkh FksA igys vaxzst mifuos'kokn vkSj tehankjksa ds ncncs ds f[kykQ vkSj ckn esa dqN gn rd tkfrxr mRihM+u ds f[kykQ pys la?k"kZ dke;kc gksus yxs FksA vc iqLrdky;ksa us vkSj T;knk eqf'dy dke vius gkFkksa esa ys fy;k Fkk& ,d u, euq";] ,d u, lekt dh jpuk dk dkeA blds oLrqxr vkSj euksxr] nksuksa rjg ds dkj.k FksA ,d rjQ rks ;g vkUnksyu lekt ds thou esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh c<+rh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk dks iwjh rjg le> ugha ik jgk FkkA nwljh rjQ jktuhfrd vkUnksyuksa vkSj lekt lq/kkj vkUnksyu dk ijkHko] [kklrkSj ls vktknh ds ckn csgn bZekunkj dk;ZdrkZvksa esa Hkh [kq'kken dh laL—fr dks iSnk djus yxk FkkA ubZ igy% dsjy 'kkL= lkfgR; ifj"kn ipkl ds n'kd ds vkf[kj rd vkrs&vkrs ;s lkQ fn[kkbZ nsus yxk Fkk fd lekt vkSj ekuork dk Hkfo"; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ls fu;af=r gksus tk jgk gSA foKku vHkh Ldwy dh ikB~;iqLrdksa] fo'ofo|ky;ksa vkSj ç;ksx'kkykvksa rd gh lhfer FkkA vHkh ;g vke turk ds thou ls nwj FkkA foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ij çdkf'kr gksus okyh fdrkcksa dh la[;k m¡xfy;ksa ij fxuh tk ldrh FkhA

vkSipkfjd cglksa ;k vukSipkfjd ppkZvksa esa fojys gh foKku ij ckr gksrh FkhA lkoZtfud lHkkvksa o cSBdksa esa rks çk;% dHkh Hkh ;g fo"k; ugha mBrk FkkA nwljh rjQ] tks FkksM+s ls yksx ;nk&dnk vke Hkk"kk esa oSKkfud ys[k ;k iqLrdsa fy[krs Fks os ^foKku dh lkekftd Hkwfedk* ds çfr fnuksafnu lpsr gksrs tk jgs Fks ¼lks'ky QaD'kal vkWQ lkbal& ts- Mh- cjuky] 1939½ vkSj mUgsa bl ckr dk fo'okl gksus yxk Fkk fd vc ukxfjd f'k{kk dh ikB~;p;kZ esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds lkekftd lanHkZ dks 'kkfey fd, fcuk dke ugha py ldrkA ;gha ls ^foKku çlkj* dk ,tsaMk iSnk gqvkA ;gh ,tsaMk Fkk ftlus 1962 esa dsjy 'kkL= lkfgR; ifj"kn ¼ds,l,lih½ dks tUe fn;kA ;gk¡ rd vkrs&vkrs iqLrdky; vkUnksyu ,d vkSipkfjd çfØ;k cu x;k FkkA mlesa Økafrdkjh mRlkg vkSj fo"k;oLrq ugha cph FkhA iqLrdky; vHkh Hkh thfor Fks] ysfdu vc muesa igys tSlk tks'k ugha FkkA xzaFk'kkyk laxe vHkh Hkh dk;e Fkk vkSj mls ljdkj ls igys ls Hkh T;knk vuqnku feyrk Fkk] exj og igy djus vkSj vkUnksyu dk usr`Ro djus esa l{ke ugha FkkA foKku HkkSfrd thou vkSj lkaL—frd thou esa vf/kdkf/kd egÙoiw.kZ gksrk tk jgk FkkA iqLrdky; vkUnksyu bl cnyko dks fn'kk nsus esa l{ke ugha FkkA ey;kye ds foKku ys[kdksa us yksxksa esa foKku dk çlkj djus] ,d oSKkfud –f"Vdks.k fodflr djus vkSj ey;kye Hkk"kk esa oSKkfud o rduhdh lkfgR; dks c<+kus ds fy, ds,l,lih dk xBu fd;k FkkA /khjs&/khjs ;s ,d mYys[kuh; tukUnksyu cu x;kA ^lkekftd Økafr ds fy, foKku* bldk ukjk FkkA blus ,d lksph&le>h ;kstuk ds rgr yksxksa dk Kku c<+kus] mudh ckSf)d {kerkvksa dks etcwr djus vkSj lksp esa cnyko ykus ds fy, ,d fo'kky ukxfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe 'kq: fd;kA ;kuh] ds,l,lih lwpukijd] mÙkstd vkSj lfØ; vfHk;kuksa esa 'kkfey FkkA blds fy, cgqr rjg ds ek/;e o lk/ku bLrseky fd, x,A ppkZ] d{kkvksa esa Hkk"k.k] iqLrdksa o if=dkvksa] dyk tRFkksa] xhr] iksLVj] LykbM 'kks] ohfM;ks vkfn ukuk çdkj ds ek/;eksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;kA dgs x, 'kCnksa vkSj eafpr dykvksa dh lhek ;s gksrh gS fd os ^{kf.kd* gksrs gSa] mudks nksgjk;k ugha tk ldrkA os n'kZdksa ;k lh[kus okyksa dh çfrfØ;k ls fu/kkZfjr gksrs gSaA blds foijhr] Nih gqbZ fdrkcksa dks vki ckj&ckj i<+ ldrs gSaA mudks ysdj ckj&ckj ppkZ,¡ dh tk ldrh gSaA mUgsa futh iqLrdky;ksa esa l¡tksdj j[kk tk ldrk gSA

ds,l,lih us lcls igys lwpukçn fdrkcksa] [kklrkSj ls foKku o çkS|ksfxdh ls lEcfU/kr fdrkcksa ds çdk'ku ds fy, LFkkfir çdk'kdksa ls lEidZ fd;kA lkfgR; çorZd lgdj.kk la?ke¼,lihlh,l½ ey;kye ds lcls cM+s çdk'kdksa esa ls ,d gSA tSlk fd uke ls gh irk pyrk gS] bldk ^LokfeRo* [kqn ys[kdksa ds gkFk esa FkkA bl la?ke ls gj lky 300 ls T;knk fdrkcsa Nirh Fkha vkSj blds ikl forjdksa dh ,d fo'kky J`a[kyk FkhA exj la?ke Hkh foKku ls lacaf/kr fdrkcsa Nkius esa fgpfdpk jgk FkkA blds çdk'kdksa dk dguk Fkk fd ^foKku dh fdrkcksa ds fy, rks cktkj gh ugha gS* laHkor% ;g ckr lp FkhA cktkjksa dks lrr dksf'k'kksa ls [kM+k fd;k tkrk gSA vkt ge cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh vkØked ekdsZfVax rduhdksa dks ns[kdj Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ;s ckr le> ldrs gSaA ml le; foKku dh fdrkcksa dks çksRlkgu nsus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA 1965 esa eSaus ^flrkjksa dh nqfu;k esa* uke ls [kxksy'kkL= ij yksdfç; Hkk"kk esa ,d fdrkc fy[kh FkhA bl fdrkc dh 1000 çfr;k¡ fcdus esa Hkh 10 lky yx x, FksA 1967 esa

rRdkyhu dsUæh; f'k{kk ea=h us ,d vHkwriwoZ QSlyk fy;kA mUgksaus fgUnh ds vykok nwljh Hkk"kkvksa esa lwpuk vkSj lkfgR; ds fodkl dks enn o çksRlkgu nsus dk QSlyk fy;kA lHkh jkT;ksa dks lHkh fo"k;ksa esa ^fo'ofo|ky; Lrjh; ikB~;iqLrdsa rS;kj djus* ds fy, ,d&,d djksM+ #i;s fn, x,A bl dke dks iwjk djus ds fy, dsjy esa Hkh ,d çknsf'kd Hkk"kk laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 'kq#vkr esa blds T;knkrj vf/kdkjh] funs'kd] lgk;d funs'kd] 'kks/k vf/kdkjh vkfn ds,l,lih ds usr`Ro ls gh fy, x, FksA ;gk¡ ls ,d cM+s lkFkZd lg;ksx dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA bl laLFkku us u dsoy fMxzh&iwoZ vkSj ch, Lrj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy,] cfYd bathfu;fjax ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, Hkh fdrkcsa çdkf'kr dhaA fiNys 30 lky ds nkSjku laLFkku 1000 ls T;knk fdrkcsa Nki pqdk gSA bl laLFkku dk dke fo'ofo|ky; Lrj dh fdrkcsa çdkf'kr djuk Fkk blfy, og cPpksa ds fy, ;k vke yksxksa ds fy, foKku dh iqLrdsa ugha Nki ldrk FkkA blds vykok] yxHkx iwjh rjg ljdkjh laLFkku gksus dh otg ls bl laLFkku esa fdrkcksa dks ikBdksa rd igq¡pkus] T;knk ls T;knk la[;k esa fdrkcsa cspus dk mruk mRlkg Hkh ugha FkkA 'kk;n gh dHkh fdlh fdrkc dh 2000 ls T;knk çfr;k¡ Nirh Fkha vkSj T;knkrj fdrkcksa dks cspus esa lkyksa yx tkrs FksA bUgha gkyr esa ds,l,lih us 1972 esa oSKkfud] rduhdh ,oa 'kSf{kd çdk'ku dks& vkWijsfVo

Òk"kk&c¨yh

lkslk;Vh ¼,lVhbZih,l&LVsIl½ dk xBu fd;kA bldk edln O;kolkf;d çfr"Bkuksa dh fgpfdpkgV vkSj Hkk"kk laLFkkuksa dh lhekvksa dk lek/kku <w¡<+uk FkkA LVsIl O;kolkf;d ekspsZ ij ?kkVs dk lkSnk lkfcr gqvk D;ksafd ,d cktkj rS;kj djus vkSj fdrkcksa dks cspus ds fy, dksbZ [kkl dksf'k'ksa ugha dh tk jgh FkhaA bUgha gkykr esa ds,l,lih us [kqn foKku iqLrdksa ds çdk'ku dk QSlyk fy;kA mlds ikl 'kkL=xfr ¼1966½] 'kkL=dsjye ¼1969½] rFkk ;wjsdk ¼1970½] bu rhu foKku if=dkvksa ds çdk'ku dk ,d n'kd dk vuqHko FkkA bu if=dkvksa ls cgqr Hkkjh equkQk rks ugha vk jgk Fkk( exj O;kolkf;d :i ls os foQy Hkh ugha FkhaA tuojh 1973 esa foKku dh 1000 vkSj tuojh 1976 esa 10,000 çfr;ksa ls ;s lkQ fn[kkbZ iM+rk Fkk fd yksxksa ds Hkhrj Kku dh ,d xgjh pkg iSnk gks jgh gSA ;s Hkh eglwl fd;k x;k fd vc ek¡&cki vius cPpksa dks foKku rFkk vU; fo"k;ksa esa vfrfjä ikB~; lkexzh Hkh miyC/k djkuk pkgrs gSaA exj cPpksa ds fy, ,slh fdrkcsa ugha FkhaA ds,l,lih us blh ekSds dk Qk;nk mBk;kA mlus cPpksa dh fdrkcsa rFkk Kku ds fofo/k vk;keksa ij yksdfç; fdrkcsa Nkius dk QSlyk fy;kA ,d gh >Vds esa mlus çkjafHkd iw¡th vkSj cktkj] nksuksa leL;kvksa dk gy fudky fy;kA blds fy, dsjy esa nwljs çdk'kdksa }kjk vktekbZ tk pqdh çdk'ku iwoZ vkWQj dh i)fr dk gh bLrseky fd;k x;kA vxj dksbZ fdrkc 40 #i;s dh fcdus okyh gS vkSj dksbZ xzkgd çdk'ku ls igys gh mls [kjhnuk pkgs rks mls og fdrkc 22 #i;s esa nsus dk QSlyk fy;k x;kA ds,l,lih ds dk;ZdrkZvksa us viuh laLFkk dh lk[k vkSj fo'oluh;rk dk cf<+;k Qk;nk mBk;kA os yksxksa ds ikl tkrs] muds ?kjksa] n¶rjksa vkSj Ldwyksa esa tkdj ckr djrs vkSj çdk'ku iwoZ Hkqxrku ds fy, yksxksa dks le>krsA 'kq#vkr esa tks 8,000 çfr;k¡ Niha os lkjh çdk'ku ls igys vkbZ jde ls Nkih xbZ FkhaA [kqys cktkj esa cspus ds fy, vkSj 4,000 çfr;k¡ Nkih xbZaA 10 lky esa 1,000 çfr;ksa ls ,d lky esa 10,000 çfr;ksa dh ;s Nykax cgqr cM+h FkhA blds ckn vxys 25 lkyksa esa ds,l,lih us yxHkx 1,000 fdrkcsa Nkiha ftuesa ls dbZ fdrkcksa ds dbZ laLdj.k rd Nis gSaA bu cgqçdkf'kr fdrkcksa dh 50,000 ls 1,00,000 rd çfr;k¡ Hkh Ni pqdh gSaA bl rjg] dsjy esa ,d çdk'ku Økafr dk lw=ikr gks x;k FkkA bl nkSjku dbZ cM+s O;kolkf;d çdk'kd Hkh foKku dh iqLrdksa dk çdk'ku djus yxs gSaA vkt cPpksa ds fy, Nius okyh reke

Òk"kk&c¨yh

if=dkvksa esa lwpuk vkSj lkfgR; vPNh&[kklh rknkn esa gksrk gSA ikB~;iqLrdksa ds vykok foKku dh fdrkcksa dh lkykuk fcØh Hkh ,d yk[k #i;s ls c<+dj ,d djksM+ #i;s rd tk igq¡ph gSA fdrkcksa dk çdk'ku vkSj fcØh dksbZ Lora= ;k vyx&Fkyx O;kolkf;d xfrfof/k ugha FkhA ;s ds,l,lih ds ukxfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe dk ,d vfHkUu vax FkkA ds,l,lih ds lkfgR; dks cky lkfgR; vkSj o;Ld lkfgR;] nks Jsf.k;ksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA o;Ldksa ds vuqdwy iqLrdksa dks Hkh pkj Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS% ¼1½ lanHkZ iqLrdsa ¼2½ eksuksxzkQ ¼3½ yksdfç; iqLrdsa vkSj ¼4½ okn&fookn iqLrdsaA bu lkyksa ds nkSjku ds,l,lih us viuh fdrkcksa esa i;kZoj.k] f'k{kk vkSj ÅtkZ] LokLF;] fodkl] vkRefuHkZjrk] fL=;ksa dh n'kk vkfn ukuk çdkj ds eqíksa dks mBk;k gSA vdsys i;kZoj.k ds {ks= esa mls QSDVfj;ksa o [ksrh ls iSnk gksus okys jklk;fud çnw"k.k] taxyksa dh oS/k vkSj voS/k dVkbZ] tehu ds xyr bLrseky] rVh; {ks= fu;eksa dh vogsyuk] lhost] Bksl dpjs] vLirkyksa vkSj cwpM+[kkuksa dh otg ls i;kZoj.k esa vlarqyu vkfn cgqr lkjs fo"k;ksa dks lEcksf/kr fd;k gSA bu fdrkcksa esa lwpukvksa dks ges'kk lanHkZ ls tksM+dj fn[kk;k tkrk gS ftlls mls Kku vkSj laHkor% foosd esa :ikarfjr fd;k tk ldsA fiNys 25 lky ds nkSjku ds,l,lih us 1,000 ls T;knk fdrkcsa fudkyh gSa ftudk eqfær ewY; Ng djksM+ #i;s ls T;knk FkkA bu fdrkcksa dh ipkl yk[k ls T;knk çfr;k¡ Nkih tk pqdh gSaA ;s fdrkcsa fuEufyf[kr ls lacaf/kr gSa% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

f'k{kk i;kZoj.k ÅtkZ fodkl LokLF; lkekU; Kku Hkwfe ,oa ty çca/ku [ksrh

9 10 11

[kxksy 'kkL= tsaMj –f"Vdks.k@efgykvksa ds eqís vkfn cky lkfgR;

cky lkfgR; ds,l,lih }kjk çdkf'kr dh xbZ vk/kh ls T;knk fdrkcsa cky lkfgR; dh Js.kh esa vkrh gSaA 1979-81 ds nkSjku ds,l,lih us cky iqLrdksa dk viuk igyk çeq[k laxzg çdkf'kr fd;k FkkA bl Jà[kyk dk uke Fkk ^lkbal Øhe*A bl Jà[kyk ds çdk'ku ls igys ,d O;kid çpkj vfHk;ku pyk;k x;k Fkk ftldk ukjk Fkk ^vEek! vkbZlØhe ugha] eq>s foKku Øhe pkfg,* bl Jà[kyk esa lkB fdrkcksa dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ Fkh rkfd bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] vFkZ'kkL=] HkkSfrdh] jlk;u'kkL=] xf.kr] [kxksy'kkL=--- rdjhcu reke fo"k;ksa ij ,d fo'odks”kh; –f"V fodflr dh tk ldsA gj fdrkc esa 48-64 iUus gksrs FksA 12,000 fdrkcksa dk igyk laLdj.k yxHkx iwjk dk iwjk Nius ls igys gh fcd pqdk FkkA ckn esa dbZ fdrkcksa dks dbZ ckj çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA

ls T;knk çfr;k¡ fcd pqdh gSaA vc dsjy ds e/;oxhZ; vfHkHkkod gh ugha] cfYd xjhc vfHkHkkod Hkh vius cPpksa dks cf<+;k ls cf<+;k ikB~; lkexzh nsuk pkgrs gSaA ;gk¡ ;wjsdk VsysaV VsLV] foKku mRlo vkfn ds :i esa ds,l,lih ds lkStU; ls 1972 ls tks fofHkUu okf"kZd çfrLi/kkZ,¡@mRlo vk;ksftr fd, tkrs jgs gSa] mUgksaus Hkh bl pkg dks lhapus esa dkQh ;ksxnku fn;k gSA 1,00,000

varjkZ"Vªh; çdk'kuksa ds eqdkcys ds,l,lih }kjk cPpksa ds fy, çdkf'kr dh xbZ fdrkcsa dkQh lk/kkj.k lkt&lTtk okyh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA dkxt] NikbZ] fp=ksa vkfn ds fygkt ls nksuksa esa cM+k QdZ gSA ysfdu vxj fo"k;oLrq dh rqyuk dh tk, rks u dsoy ds,l,lih fdrkcksa dh fo"k; oLrq varjkZ"Vªh; çdk'kuksa ds eqdkcys dh gS] cfYd dbZ ekeyksa esa rks csgrj Hkh gSA varjkZ"Vªh; çdk'ku ey;kyh iqLrdksa ds eqdkcys 10 ls 15 xquk T;knk eg¡xs gksrs gSaA dsjy ds T;knkrj cPps bruh eg¡xh fdrkcsa ugha [kjhn ldrsA blhfy, dsjy esa cPpksa ds fy, fy[ks tk jgs Kku lkfgR; dk cktkj rsth ls QSy jgk gSA

,lihlh,l& ;kuh ys[kdksa dh dksvkWijsfVo çdk'ku lkslk;Vh& dsjy esa fo'odks”k vkSj 'kCndks”k tSlh lftYn] eg¡xh lanHkZ iqLrdksa ds fy, cktkj rS;kj dj pqdk FkkA ds,l,lih us cPpksa ds fy, ,d foKku ^D;wjhihfM;k* ds :i esa ^'kkL=dkSrqde* ds çdk'ku ds lkFk bl cktkj esa ços'k fd;kA bl fdrkc ds igys laLdj.k dh dher 100 #i;s j[kh xbZ FkhA blesa fMekbZ 1/4 vkdkj okys 200 iUus] cf<+;k dkxt vkSj cgqjaxh NikbZ dk bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA bldk uohure laLdj.k 200 #i;s dk gSA dqy feykdj blds ik¡p laLdj.k vk pqds gSa ftudh yxHkx 80,000 çfr;k¡ Ni pqdh gSaA ,d vkSj fdrkc ßgkÅ\ gkÅ\Þ ¼dSls\ dSls\½ dh

,e- ih- ijes'oju ijek.kq oSKkfud vkSj f'k{kkfonA Hkkjrh; ijek.kq dk;ZØe esa budh egŸoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA 1975 esa ljdkjh lsok ls bLrhQk nsus ds ckn dsjy 'kkL= lkfgR; ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk vkSj çpkj&çlkj esa lfØ; jgsA 1987 esa Hkkjr tu foKku tRFks ds jk"Vªh; vk;kstuksa ls tMs+A ,e-ih- ijes'oju tkus&ekus ys[kd gSaA mUgksaus yxHkx 29 yksdfç; foKku iqLrdsa ey;kye Hkk"kk esa fy[kh gSa vkSj nks fdrkcsa vaxzsth esa fy[kha gSaA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

vkRedF;

i<+us&xquus dh txg

& jkts’k mRlkgh

yk;czsjh fdrkc i<+us vkSj i<+dj xquus dh txg gksrh gSA pkjfnokjh esa lqjf{kr vkSj dk¡p dh vkyekfj;ksa esa lth fdrkcksa okyh yk;czsjh lcdks dgk¡ miyC/k gks ikrh gSaA ysfdu i<+us dh yyd gks rks fdrkcsa] v[kckj&if=dk,¡ tqV gh tkrh gSa vkSj yk;czsjh Hkh cu gh tkrh gS& dHkh jsYkos IysVQkWeZ ij rks dHkh vkVs dh pDdh ijA yyd u gks rks cuh&cukbZ yk;czsjh Hkh nhedksa ds gokys gks tkrh gSA

Ldwy esa fgUnh dh o.kZekyk lh[k yh Fkh] fy[kuk Hkh vkSj i<+uk HkhA ;g lÙkj dk n'kd FkkA rc Ldwy dh fxuh&pquh pkj&ik¡p fdrkcksa ds vykok Nih gqbZ dksbZ vkSj lkexzh vklikl ugha gksrh FkhA vxj dqN Fkh rks og v[kckj FkkA firkth jsYkos esa lgk;d LVs'ku ekLVj FksA mudh iksfLVax eqjSuk ftys esa Xokfy;j&';ksiqjdyk¡ uSjks xst jsy ykbu ds bdMksjh LVs'ku ij FkhA Xokfy;j ls jkst lqcg ,d iSlsatj xkM+h vkrh Fkh vkSj 'kke dks okil ';ksiqjdyk¡ ls Xokfy;j tkrh FkhA ;gh xkM+h fdlh ,d fnu lIrkg Hkj ds v[kckj ,d lkFk ykrh FkhA v[kckj Fkk fgUnqLrkuA firkth rFkk LVs'ku ds vU; yksx tc v[kckj i<+ ysrs] rc viuk uEcj vkrkA eSa lkjs v[kckj ,d lkFk ysdj cSBrkA eSa rc rhljh esa i<+rk FkkA v[kckj esa rhu phtsa i<+uk&ns[kuk esjk 'kkSd FkkA ,d MSxoqM dh dkVwZu fLVªi vkSj nwljh xkFkZ dh dkWfed xkFkkA rhljk 'kkSd Fkk] v[kckj ds nwljs ;k rhljs iUus ij fQYeksa ds foKkiu ns[kukA fQYe ds foKkiu ds uhps fy[kk gksrk Fkk fd og fnYyh ds fdu flusek?kjksa esa py jgh gSA eq>s flusek?kjksa ds uke vkSj mudh fxurh djuk vPNk yxrk FkkA iDds rkSj ij i<+us vkSj fxuus dk vH;kl blls gksrk jgk gksxkA ij rc ;g mís'; rks drbZ ugha FkkA [kcjsa i<+us dh rc le> ugha FkhA gk¡ cPpksa ds iUus ij dgkuh] D;k vki tkurs gSa] igsfy;k¡ vkSj pqVdqys tSlh phtsa i<+ ysrs FksA ;g v[kckj ls ifjp; dh 'kq#vkr FkhA fdrkcksa vkSj dkWfi;ksa ij doj p<+kus ds vkSj vyekfj;ksa esa fcNkus ds dke Hkh og vkrk gh FkkA v[kckj ds dkxt vkSj L;kgh dh xa/k vc Hkh uFkquksa esa Hkj mBrh gS] rks cpiu ds os fnu ;kn gks vkrs gSaA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

fp=% vruq jk;

lky Hkj ckn gh ifjokj lcyx<+ vk x;kA ;gk¡ ?kj ij v[kckj vkrk FkkA mu fnuksa fdlh ?kj esa v[kckj vkuk ml ifjokj ds i<+s&fy[ks gksus dk lwpd gksrk FkkA lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrku rFkk cPpksa dh if=dk uanu Hkh vkrh FkhA lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrkku dk ,d&,d iUuk pkgs le> esa vk, ;k u vk, eSa pkV tk;k djrk FkkA mlesa Nius okyh dgkfu;k¡ rFkk miU;kl Hkh i<+ Mkyrk FkkA f'kokuh ds /kkjkokfgd miU;kl mlesa Nirs FksA mlesa cPpksa dk iUuk Hkh gksrk FkkA fiNys vkoj.k ds vanj ds i`"B ij Nius okyh johUæ dh fp=dFkk ^eqlhcr gS--* eq>s cgqr ilan FkhA fgUnqLrku dk vkoj.k vkSj chp esa pkj i`"B jaxhu gksrs FksA chp ds i`"Bksa ij dksbZ dfork rFkk fdlh ukeh O;fä ;k fQYeh flrkjs dk iksLVj gksrk FkkA fofHkUu vadksa ls bu i`"Bksa dks fudkydj eSaus budk ,d vyce cuk;k FkkA viuh v®j ls dksbZ dSI'ku ;k dfork eSaus mldh gj rLohj ij fy[kh FkhA tc rd nhed us mls pV ugha dj fy;k] rc rd og o"kksaZ esjs ikl jgkA uanu rks [kSj i<+ gh ysrk FkkA ij 'kk;n ;g esjs fy, dkQh ugha FkkA eSa vkt tks Hkh gw¡] mlds gksus esa Ldwy ;k dkWyst dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ dk mruk gkFk ugha gS ftruk Ldwy ds ckgj vutkus esa gq, ç;klksa

dk gSA esjh Ldwy vkSj dkWyst dh i<+kbZ bl dnj vO;ofLFkr Fkh fd mlds gksus u gksus dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gSA vutkus esa gh eq>esa i<+us dh #fp iSnk djus esa igys v[kckj vkSj fQj iqLrdky;ksa dk cgqr gkFk jgkA i<+rs&i<+rs gh fy[kus dh yyd Hkh iSnk gqbZ vkSj og bruh rhoz Fkh fd vkBoha esa gh eSaus uke jkts'k iVsy ds lkFk ^mRlkgh* miuke tksM+ fy;k FkkA ckn esa eSaus vius lkoZtfud uke ls iVsy dks fonk dj fn;kA i<+us dh yyd eq>s [khapdj ys xbZ dLcs ds ,d okpuky; esaA ;g cM+ksa ds fy, FkkA ogk¡ ,d cjkens vkSj mlds lkeus cus pcwrjs ij 'kke dks njh ij vkB&nl v[kckj QSys jgrs FksA eSa mu lcesa cl oSlh gh rhu&pkj phtsa ns[krk Fkk tSlh fgUnqLrku v[kckj esa ns[kk djrk FkkA eq>s gj jkst v[kckj ds iUus iyVrs gq, vkSj muesa dqN fxurs gq, ns[kdj ogk¡ ns[kjs[k djus okys us le>k fd eq>s i<+uk rks vkrk ugha gS] lks mlus eq>s ogk¡ vkus ds fy, euk dj fn;kA ij eSa ugha ekukA rc ,d fnu mlus esjh ijh{kk ys MkyhA mlus ,d v[kckj ls ,d iSjk i<+us ds fy, fn;kA eSaus og i<+dj mls crk fn;kA mld¢ ckn og larq"V gks x;kA blds ckn eSa fu;fer :i ls ogk¡ tkus yxk vkSj vc v[kckj esa fofHkUu [kcjsa Hkh i<+us yxkA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

lcyx<+ esa ?kj fdjk;s dk FkkA jsy ds fMCcs dh rjgA ckgj dh rjQ tks dejk Fkk] mldh ckgjh nhokj rhu njoktksa ls curh Fkh vkSj njokts Fks ifV;ksa ls cusA muesa la/k gksrh FkhA ,d nksigj eSaus njokts dh la/k esa Q¡lk gqvk ,d v[kckj ns[kkA ;g jkst lqcg vkus okys v[kckj ds vykok FkkA ;g 'kk;n dksbZ LFkkuh; v[kckj FkkA eSaus vxys vk/kk&ikSus ?kaVs esa pkj iUus dk og v[kckj iwjk i<+ MkykA vxyh nksigj njoktk can djds eSa v[kckj dh çrh{kk djus yxkA ij v[kckj ugha vk;kA eSa jkst çrh{kk djrk] ij v[kckj ugha vkrk vkSj fQj ,d nksigj v[kckj vk;kA rc eq>s le> vk;k fd og jkst dk ugha lkIrkfgd v[kckj FkkA vc rd i<+us dh vPNh [kklh ^yr* yx pqdh FkhA ?kj esa [kM+h cksyh esa jk/ks';ke —r jkek;.k FkhA xkgs&cxkgs mls i<+ Mkyrk FkkA ek¡ gjrkfydk rht dk miokl djrh Fkha] ftlesa iwjh jkr mUgsa tkxuk gksrk FkkA rc ;g jk/ks';ke —r jkek;.k cgqr dke vkrh FkhA jkek;.k ls igyk ifjp; blh :i esa gqvk FkkA eafnjksa esa v[k.M jkek;.k ds vk;kstu gksrs FksA ogk¡ yxkrkj i<+us okyksa dh t:jr gksrh FkhA yxkrkj i<+us dk dkSrwgy ,d&nks ckj ogk¡ Hkh [khapdj ys x;kA gkyk¡fd ogk¡ i<+k D;k tk jgk gS] ;g fdlh dks le> esa ugha vkrk FkkA ?kj esa 'kke dks vkjrh gksrh Fkh] ml cgkus vkjrh laxzg dks myVus&iyVus dk ekSdk feyrk FkkA cktkj ls fdjkuk vDlj v[kckj ls cus fyQkQksa esa vkrkA tc os [kkyh gks tkrs rks Qsads tkus ls igys [kksydj i<+s tkrs FksA firkth dh jsy dkuwu vkSj fu;eksa dh tks fdrkcsa fgUnh esa Fkha] os Hkh eq> ls vNwrh ugha jgha FkhaA ;g tekuk Fkk jkuw vkSj xqy'ku uank ds jksekafVd vkSj duZy jathr ds tklwlh miU;klksa dkA jkedqekj Hkzej vkSj eueksgu dqekj reUuk }kjk Mkdqvksa dh i`"BHkwfe ij fy[ks miU;kl Hkh mu fnuksa [kwc yksdfç; FksA firkth dks budk 'kkSd FkkA tc os ?kj esa ugha gksrs] rks buds ikBd viu gksrsA bUgsa i<+us dk ,slk pLdk yxk fd nloha rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs yxHkx Ng&lkr lkS miU;kl i<+ Mkys gksaxsA miU;kl i<+us dk rjhdk Hkh vyx FkkA eSa var ds nl&iaæg ist igys i<+rk] vxj mlesa dksbZ jkspdrk utj vkrh rks fQj mls vkjaHk ls i<+rk FkkA xfeZ;ksa esa tc Ldwy dh Nqfê;k¡ gksrha rks nksigjh dkVus ds fy, vkl iM+ksl ds ?kjksa ls fdrkcsa ek¡xus dk flyflyk 'kq: gksrkA fQj ftlds ?kj ls tks feyrk] og viu i<+ gh MkyrsA buesa miU;klksa ds vykok xksj[kiqj dh xhrk çsl dh ekfld if=dk dY;k.k Hkh gksrh Fkh vkSj fnYyh çsl dh

Òk"kk&c¨yh

if=dk,¡ HkhA f'kokuh] xq#nÙk ds miU;kl Hkh ekStwn FksA pankekek] yksViksV] ek/kqjh] jaxHkwfe] ek;kiqjh] /keZ;qx tSlh if=dk,¡ HkhA gk¡] dkWfeDl dk rc rd bruk çpkj&çlkj ugha gqvk FkkA ;g vyx ckr gS fd dkWfeDl esa esjh ckn esa Hkh dHkh #fp ugha jghA 2

i<+us dh vknr iM+rh xbZ---

esa ifjokj bVkjlh vk x;kA eSa X;kjgoha esa FkkA ;gk¡ i<+us ds fy, vklikl lcls lqfo/kk tks feyh] og Fkh ek;k] euksgj dgkfu;k¡ vkSj lR; dFkk,¡A bl nkSjku os fdrkcsa Hkh gkFk vkbZa] ftUgsa i<+uk gekjs fy, fu"ks/k Fkk] ij fQj Hkh geus i<+ MkyhaA ijkx Hkh eSaus ;gha ns[khA viuh igyh dgkuh fy[kdj ijkx esa ;gha ls HksthA gkyk¡fd og çdkf'kr ugha gqbZA 1974

lky Hkj ckn eSaus [k.Mok ds ,d dkWyst esa ços'k fy;kA ;gk¡a ds ckEcs cktkj esa çfl) xk;d fd'kksj dqekj ds iSr`d ?kj ds cxy esa ekf.kD; okpuky; ,oa iqLrdky; gSA ekf.kD; okpuky; cgqr cM+k gS] nks eaftykA mu fnuksa mlesa fgUnh] vaxzsth] ejkBh] xqtjkrh ds nSfud v[kckj vkrs FksA fgUnh dh reke if=dk,¡( ftuesa lkfgfR;d if=dkvksa ls ysdj fQYeh if=dk,¡ Hkh FkhaA dkWyst ds ckn yxHkx gj 'kke esjh bl iqLrdky; esa chrrh FkhA fnYyh çsl dh lfjrk] eqDrk] VkbEl çdk'ku ds fnueku] /keZ;qx] ek/kqjh] lkfjdk vkSj fgUnqLrku VkbEl çdk'ku dk lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrku] dknfEcuh] Hkkjrh; fo|kHkou dh uouhr] tkxj.k dh dapuçHkk vkSj ek;k çsl bykgkckn dh ek;k] euksgj dgkfu;k¡ vkSj reke vU; if=dk,¡A eSa vius lkFk ,d dkWih j[krk Fkk] tks t:jh yxrk mls dkWih esa mrkj ysrkA gk¡] ;gk¡ fdrkcsa ?kj ys tkdj i<+us dh lqfo/kk rks Fkh] ij le; ugha FkkA vc rd i<+us ds lkFk&lkFk fy[kus dh ^yr* Hkh yx pqdh FkhA eqDrk ds LraHkksa esa dqN vuqHko çdkf'kr gks pqds Fks] cnys esa dqN vPNh fdrkcsa Hkh migkj esa çkIr gqbZ FkhaA fd'kksj mez ds çse dk vglkl Hkh tkx`r gks pqdk FkkA urhtk ;g fd vfHkO;fä dfork ds :i esa gksus yxh FkhA lky Hkj ckn eSa gks'kaxkckn vk x;kA v[kckj rks ?kj esa vkrk gh FkkA v[kckj i<+us dk pLdk dqN ,slk Fkk fd dbZ ckj lqcg cz'k ckn esa djrk] igys v[kckj dh lqf[kZ;k¡ ns[k MkyrkA bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd mu fnuksa ^laiknd ds uke* i= fy[kus dk tquwu lokj FkkA

yxHkx gj jkst ,d iksLV dkMZ ;k varnsZ'kh; i= fy[kk gh tkrk FkkA rks lqcg lcls igys v[kckj esa viuk i= vkSj mlds uhps viuk uke ns[kus dh reUuk gksrh FkhA 'kke gksrs&gksrs vkl iM+ksl esa tks v[kckj vkrs Fks] os Hkh ek¡xdj i<+ MkyrkA ;gk¡ Hkh eSaus nks okpuky; ,oa iqLrdky; [kkst fy;sA ,d Fkk brokjk cktkj esa nqdkuksa ds ihNs ,d iqjkuk iqLrdky; ftls ;gk¡ dh uxjikfydk lapkfyr djrh FkhA mldh vyekfj;ksa esa fdrkcsa irk ugha dc ls can FkhaA ogk¡ ns[kjs[k djus okys us esjs vkxzg ij dbZ vyekfj;ksa dks [kksykA fdrkcksa ds vanj yxh b';w fLyi ls irk pyrk Fkk fd fdrus yksxksa us mls i<+k gSA vc rd esjh #fp FkksM+h ifj"—r gks xbZ FkhA vc #>ku lkfgR; dh vksj gks pyk FkkA ;g iqLrdky; rks tSls lkfgR; dk [ktkuk FkkA vKs;] çsepan] ve`ryky ukxj] o`ankouyky oekZ] jkgqy lka—R;k;u] vkpk;Z prqjlsu] ;'kiky vkfn vkSj caxyk ys[kd 'kjr] cafde ds fgUnh vuqokn ;gk¡ miyC/k FksA losZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk] Hkokuh çlkn feJ ds dfork laxzg HkhA dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl tks esjs gkFk yxk] eSaus ,d fljs ls i<+uk 'kq: dj fn;kA o;a j{kkEk%] oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kw tSls Hkkjh Hkjde miU;kl] ftUgsa i<+us esa nl ls ckjg fnu yxs eSaus ;gha ls ysdj i<+sA ij ;gk¡a if=dk,¡ ugha vkrh FkhaA os feyha eq>s ftyk okpuky; ,oa iqLrdky; esaA ueZnk fdukjs eaxyokjk esa cgqmís'kh; 'kkldh; mPprj ek/;fed 'kkyk ds ifjlj esa ;g iqLrdky; fLFkr FkkA ;gk¡ ls eSa fdrkcsa b';w~ djokdj ?kj Hkh ys tkrk FkkA

dh nqdkuksa ls Hkh fdrkcsa [kjhnus dk pko eq>s FkkA rc fgUn ikWdsV cqDl nks&nks #i;s dher ds miU;kl Nkirk Fkk vkSj os iqjkuh fdrkcksa dh nqdkuksa esa vk/kh dher esa fey tkrs FksA —".k panj ds cgqr lkjs miU;kl eSaus ,slh gh nqdkuksa ls [kjhnsA ;s lc fdrkcsa xfeZ;ksa ds vodk'k esa vklikl ds ?kjksa ds yksx i<+us ds fy, ek¡xdj ys tkrs FksA vki dg ldrs gSa esjs ikl ,d NksVk&eksVk iqLrdky; FkkA mu fnuksa fdjk, dh yk;czsjh dk yxHkx gj eksgYys esa pyu FkkA poUuh&vBUuh ds fdjk, ij rjg&rjg dh if=dk,¡ vkSj fdrkcsa i<+us dks fey tkrh FkhaA gkyk¡fd eSa dHkh Hkh ,slh yk;czsjh dk lnL; ugha cuk] u gh viuh fdrkcksa dks i<+us ds fy, fdjk, ij fn;kA 3

ykxh NwVs u----

;g 1978 dh ckr gSA rc rd eSa dkWyst esa Lukrd gksus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA gks'kaxkckn ds lrjkLrs ij iksLV vkWfQl ls yxh ,d vkVk pDdh Fkh pUæ çHkk ¶yksjfeyA ;g esjs ,d fe= larks"k jkor dh gh Fkh] ogh bls pykrs FksA ,e-,l-lh-] ,y,ych djus ds ckn Hkh tc mUgsa dksbZ ukSdjh ugha feyh rks mUgksaus ;g dke pqukA os Hkh i<+us&fy[kus esa #fp j[krs FksA gekjs nks vkSj lkFkh FksA ge pkjksa bl pDdh ij cSBrs] cglsa djrs] ,d&nwljs ls

esjs ikl ?kj esa Hkh yxHkx pkyhl&ipkl miU;kl FksA mu lcdks eSaus doj p<+kdj] gjsd dh ftYn dks /kkxs ls fly fn;k FkkA eksVh fdrkcksa dks flyuk cgqr eqf'dy dk dke gksrk FkkA blds fy, eSa eksph ls twrk flyus okyk lwtk [kjhndj yk;k FkkA mlds ckn Hkh eksVh fdrkcksa dks flyus ds fy, tqxr fHkM+kuh gksrh FkhA mlds fy, igys dhy vkSj gFkkSM+s ls fdrkcksa dh ftYn ij Nsn djrk vkSj fQj lwts dh enn ls mUgsa flyrkA fdrkcksa dks flyus dk ;g vuqHko igys NksVs&HkkbZ cguksa dh Ldwy dh fdrkcksa dks vkSj ckn esa vius csVksa dh fdrkcksa dks flyus esa cgqr dke vk;kA iqjkuh fdrkcksa fp=% vruq jk; Òk"kk&c¨yh

fdrkcsa vkSj if=dk,¡ ek¡xdj i<+rsA v[kckjksa esa lEiknd ds uke i= fy[krsA ge lc rjg&rjg dh if=dk,¡ i<+uk pkgrs FksA mUgsa gj ekg O;fäxr :i ls [kjhnuk gekjs fy, laHko ugha FkkA fdjk, dh yk;czsjh esa os miyC/k Fkha] ij tc rd gkFk esa vkrha iqjkuh gks pqdh gksrhaA ge mUgsa rktk&rktk i<+uk pkgrs FksA rks ge pkjksa us feydj ,d iqLrdky; cuk;k& vadqj iqLrdky;A feydj if=dk,¡ [kjhnrs vkSj fQj ckjh&ckjh ls mUgsas i<+rsA ckdk;nk iqLrdky; ,d jcj eksgj cuokbZ xbZA if=dk ij og eksgj yxkbZ tkrhA ,d jftLVj cuk;k x;k] ftlesa if=dk dh vkod&tkod ntZ dh tkrh FkhA igy dk eSa okf"kZd xzkgd Fkk vkSj lkfjdk fu;fer :i ls [kjhnus yxk FkkA if=dk,¡a jsYkos LVs'ku ds ,-,p- Oghyj cqd LVky ij vkrh FkhaA dqN if=dk,¡ ftUgsa ge [kjhnuk ugha pkgrs Fks] mUgsa cqd LVky ij [kM+s&[kM+s gh myV&iqyV Mkyrs FksA 1979 esa

usg: ;qod dsUæ esa dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA dsUæ ds leUo;d ';ke cksgjs Lo;a lkfgR; esa #fp j[krs FksA lks dk;kZy; esa Hkh ,d NksVk lk iqLRkdky; FkkA ;gk¡ ifjp; gqvk gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dh fdrkcksa ls] Jhyky 'kqDy ds jkxnjckjh lsA ;gha eq>s feyh vc rd dh lcls fç; iqLrd] ;g gS 'kjrpUn ds thou ij vk/kkfjr fo".kq çHkkdj dk miU;kl vkokjk elhgkA eq>s ;kn gS fd bls igyh ckj i<+us esa pkSng fnu dk le; yxk FkkA fnueku ;gk¡ fu;fer :i ls vkrk FkkA dsUæ esa gh dke djrs gq, cu[ksM+h dh Lo;alsoh laLFkk fd'kksj Hkkjrh ds lEidZ esa vkuk gqvkA fd'kksj Hkkjrh esa ,d cM+k iqLrdky; FkkA bl iqLrdky; esa lkfgR; dk ,d cM+k [k.M FkkA blesa eq>s feyha misUæukFk v'd vkSj ve`rjk; dh fdrkcsaA 1982 esa

,dyO; dk xBu gqvk vkSj eSa usg: ;qod dsUæ ls ,dyO; esa vk x;kA gks'kaxkckn esa mldk igyk vkWfQl [kqykA

blesa geus cPpksa ds fy, ,d iqLrdky; dh 'kq#vkr dhA igys gh lky xfeZ;ksa dh Nqfê;ksa esa cPpksa dh HkhM+ ns[kus yk;d FkhA iqLrdky; dk le; 'kke pkj ls Ng cts rd gksrk FkkA ij cPps gSa fd rhu cts ls gh tek gksus yxrs FksA yEch ykbu yxrh] yxHkx lkB&lÙkj cPpksa dhA gj iUæg&chl feuV ds ckn gjsd dhs ,d ubZ fdrkc dh ek¡x gksrh FkhA mUgsa l¡Hkkyuk eqf'dy gks tkrkA ij fdlh Hkh cPps dks euk ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA vkf[kj fdrkcsa rks i<+us ds fy, gh gksrh gSa uA ckn esa ,dyO; esa cM+ksa ds fy, Hkh ,d v/;;u dsUæ dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ FkhA gks'kaxkckn ds ekyk[ksM+h dLcss ds ikl ,dyO; ds ifjlj esa ;g vkt Hkh tkjh gS] gkyk¡fd ikBdksa dh la[;k lhfer gh gSA esa tc pded 'kq: gqbZ rks fdrkcksa ls fcydqy vyx rjg dk fj'rk 'kq: gqvkA ,dyO; ds Hkksiky dk;kZy; esa ,d cgqr cM+k iqLrdky; Fkk] vkt Hkh gSA baVjusV ml le; rd bruk fodflr vkSj yksdfç; ugha gqvk FkkA gj eghus pded ds fy, lkexzh tqxkM+us] rS;kj djus ds fy, ?kaVksa bl iqLrdky; esa yxkus gksrs FksA ysfdu tc ls pded ds laiknu ls ukrk VwVk gS] rc ls i<+uk de gksrk x;k gS] [kkldj fdrkcsaA ysfdu i<+us dh bPNk vanj ls bruh cyorh gksrh gS fd eSa vkt Hkh dbZ lkjh ilanhnk if=dk,¡ [kjhnrk gw¡] Hkys gh mUgsa iwjk u i<+ ikÅ¡A cjlksa ls [kjhnh xbZa dbZ if=dk,¡ bl mEehn esa tek djds j[kha gSa fd dHkh rks mUgsa i<+us dk le; feysxkA blh Øe esa fdrkcksa dk laxzg Hkh gSA fiNys fnuksa eSaus ifjgkl esa viuh iRuh vkSj cPpksa ls dgk vxj ekSdk vk;k rks vafre laLdkj ds le; bUgsa esjs lkFk gh j[k nsukA 1985

cgjgky ;g dgus esa jÙkh Hkj ladksp ugha gS fd i<+us&fy[kus gh ugha] esjs iwjs O;fäRo dks x<+us esa okpuky; vkSj iqLrdky;ksa dk cgqr cM+k gkFk jgk gSA

jkts’k mRlkgh eç dh vxz.kh ‘kSf{kd laLFkk ,dyO; esa 1982 ls 2008 rd dk;ZA laLFkk dh cky foKku if=dk pded dk 18 lky rd laiknuA eç f’k{kk foHkkx dh if=dk xqYyd rFkk iyk’k dk laiknuA dfork,a] dgkuh] O;aX; ys[ku [kkldj cPpksa ds fy, lkfgR; fuekZ.k] laiknu rFkk leh{kk esa xgjh #fpA vktdy caxykSj esa vthe çseth QkmaMs’ku ds f’k{kd iksVZy VhplZ v‚Q bafM;k esa fgUnh laikndA :e Vw jhM ls ik¡p cky dfork,¡ iksLVj rFkk vU; fdrkcsa çdkf’krA ,d dfork laxzg ^og tks ‘ks”k gS--* T;ksfrioZ çdk’ku] ubZ fnYyh ls çdkf’krA laidZ% 91 9731788446 Òk"kk&c¨yh

fopkj

xyh ogh eksgYyk ogh% ij dgkuh dgha ugha & pUæ çdk'k

Hkkjr esa lk{kjrk ij dke djus okys 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dks çk;% ;g dgrs gq, lquk tk ldrk gS fd bl ns'k esa lk{kjrk dh laL—fr fodflr gks] blds fy, vko';d gS fd okfpd vkSj JO; lkaL—frd :iksa ds lkFk fyf[kr o çdkf'kr :iksa dk lgdkj gksA fyf[kr o çdkf'kr lkfgR; dks okfpd vkSj JO; ijaijkvksa ds fojks/k esa ugha [kM+k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A paæçdk'k ds vuqHkoksa ls xqtjrs gq, bl oäO; dh lkFkZdrk le> esa vkrh gSA

vrhr esa >k¡d dj ns[ksa] rks dgkuh lqukus vkSj lquus dk flyflyk çR;sd O;fä dh ft+Unxh ls tqM+k oks euksje fgLlk Fkk] ftlds fcuk O;fä fo'ks"k dk eu v'kkar&lk jgrk FkkA pkgs xk¡o dh pkSiky gks ;k 'kgj dk dksbZ dksuk] gj txg dgkuh lqukus vkSj lquus dk flyflyk cgqr etcwr FkkA dke dh vf/kdrk ds ckotwn O;fä viuksa ds chp [khapk pyk vkrk FkkA lquus&lqukus ds nkSj esa cPps] cw<+s] toku ;gk¡ rd fd efgykvksa dh fgLlsnkjh Hkh yxHkx leku lh jgrh FkhA viuh ckr dks lyhds ls çLrqr djus dk vPNk [kklk dkS'ky FkkA cM+ksa dh çLrqfr dks lqurs&lqurs cPpksa esa Hkh viuh ckr dks larqfyr <ax ls dgus dh yyd ns[kh tkrh FkhA gj mez dk O;fä vius iwoZ vuqHko ,oa tkudkfj;ksa dks vius rd lhfer ugha j[kuk pkgrk FkkA og fdlh u fdlh rjhds ls mudk c[kku djrk Fkk vkSj lkeus okyk O;fä mls /kjksgj le>dj vius esa lesVuk pkgrk FkkA 'kk;n blfy, fd fyf[kr fyfi dk bruk fodkl gh ugha gqvk FkkA ekSf[kd vfHkO;fä gh leLr çdkj dh tkudkfj;ksa ,oa lh[kus dk ,d ek= lk/ku FkhA eq>s vPNh rjg ls ;kn gS] tc eSa NksVk Fkk] ml le; dbZ [ksy xhrksa dks ;w¡ gh lqudj ;kn dj fy;k djrk Fkk] tSls& bÙku&bÙku ikuh] cksy&cksy jkuh] vVdu&pVdu] vDdM+&cDdM+ cEcs cks vkfnA eSa ml mez esa bu [ksy xhrksa ds 'kCn&vFkZ ls Hkys gh ifjfpr ugha Fkk] ij ckj&ckj nksgjkus esa et+k t:j vkrk FkkA esjk eu ckj&ckj djrk Fkk fd eSa bUgh [ksy xhrksa dks xkÅ¡] [kwc mNyw¡] ekSt&eLrh d:¡A esjs f'k{kd tc Hkh eq>s fdrkc dh dfork ds ç'u&mÙkj

Òk"kk&c¨yh

fp=% vuZc fe=k

ij eSa ;g ugha dgrk fd ckyd dks Lora= NksM+ fn;k tk, vkSj mls ?kwe fQj dj viuk fodkl [kqn djus nsaA ,slk djus ij mldk 'kkjhfjd fodkl rks gksxk] ij ekufld vkSj vk/;kfRed fodkl dh xfr ean iM+ tk,xhA gekjs vfHkHkkodksa dks okLro esa ;g djuk pkfg, fd ,slh loksZÙke ifjfLFkfr;k¡ iSnk djsa] ftlesa ckyd Lora= jg dj vius thou dk loksZÙke fodkl Lo;a dj ldsaA

djds ykus dks dgrs Fks rks eq>s cgqr ?kcjkgV gksrh FkhA dfork dk vFkZ ckj&ckj firk ls iwNrk vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks dfork dks ;kn j[kus vkSj vFkZ crkus ds pDdj esa ekj Hkh [kkuh iM+rh FkhA ml le; esjs eu esa ,d gh ckr vkrh Fkh fd dk'k! ftu dforkvksa vkSj dgkfu;ksa dks gj jkst lqurs xkrs gSa] mUgha dks fdrkc esa j[k fn;k tkrk rks fdruk etk vkrkA ge fcuk dgs gh iwjh&dh iwjh fdrkc ;kn dj ysrsA ges ckj&ckj iwNus ij Mk¡V u [kkuh iM+rhA gekjh fdrkc dh dgkfu;k¡ vkSj lqukbZ tk jgh dgkfu;ksa esa bruk cM+k vUrj D;ksa\ tcfd nksuksa gh dgkfu;k¡ gSaA vkt ds nkSj esa ,d vyx <ax dk çpyu utj vk jgk gS] ftls ns[kdj eu ?kcjkrk gSA xyh ogh] eqgYyk ogh ij [ksy xhr o yksd dFkk,¡ dgha ugha jghaA cPps pkgrs gq, Hkh [kqydj g¡l ugha ldrs] D;ksafd ;s çpyu esa 'kkfey ugha gSA 'kkfey gS rks cl ,d pqIih! 'kkar lk ekgkSyA Lora=rk rks tSls fNu lh xbZ gS] D;ksafd igys ge viuh ftUnxh ds lSdM+ksa fnu [ksyus] g¡lus xkus esa ;w¡ gh cjckn dj nsrs Fks& ,slk vkt ds vfHkHkkodksa dk lkspuk gSA rHkh rks cPpksa dks jÙkh Hkj vius rjhds ls [kqn dh ftUnxh thus dh NwV ughaA ij 'kk;n gekjs vfHkHkkod bl ckr dks Hkwy jgsa gSa fd ?kweus&fQjus dh ço`fÙk ls ckyd ds lkeus ,d uohu {ks= [kqyrk gSA og mlesa jgdj vius rjhds ls <sj lkjh phtksa ls xgjkbZ ls tqM+ ldrk gS vkSj cgqr gh ckjhd tkudkfj;ksa dks vius esa lesVrk gSA cl ;gh mldk [kqn dk fodkl gS vkSj balkfu;r dk tUeA ckyd ds lkFk gksus okyh jkstejkZ dh fØ;k,¡ ml ij cgqr cM+k çHkko NksM+rh gaSA ckyd tc Hkh dksbZ fØ;k djrk gS] rks og flQZ djus ds fy, ugha djrk] oju~ og vius cgqeq[kh fodkl ds fy, djrk gSA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

yxHkx nks n'kd igys ikB~;iqLrdksa esa tks lkexzh ekStwn Fkh] mlesa Qsj cny gks x;k gS] iwjh rjg ls ubZ lkexzh dks tksM+k ugha x;kA ogh dfork,¡] dgkfu;k¡] ukVd] mnkgj.k] lcds lc ogha gSA vxj cnyk gS rks f'k{kdksa ds çf'k{k.k dk dk;ZØeA ij blls gksxk D;k\ D;ksafd nks fnuksa ds çf'k{k.k ls mudh thou Hkj dh ekufldrk dks ugha cnyk tk ldrk gSA vius 'kS{kf.kd thou ds nkSjku tks vuqHko çkIr gq, gSa] /kqa/kyk djuk lk/kkj.k dke ugha gS( blfy, os çf'k{k.k ds mijkUr Hkh mlh iqjkuh :f<+oknh ijEijk ls xzflr ns[ks x;s gSA okLRko esa ikB~;iqLrdksa esa miyC/k lkexzh cPpksa dh uSlfxZd {kerkvksa dks [kks[kyk dj jgh gS vkSj ,slh phtksa dk i<+kbZ esa cks> c<+k jgh gSa] ftudk cPpksa dh ftUnxh ,oa ftKklk ls dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA ge ikB~;iqLrdksa esa ekStwnk lkexzh dks daBLFk lquuk pkgrs gSA Hkys gh og ckj&ckj fy[kdj ;k jVdj dh gqbZ gh D;ksa u gksA vkt rd ,slh fdlh Hkh ikB~;iqLrd dh laHkkouk ugha dh xbZ gS fd mldh Hkk"kk] rLohjsa ,oa 'kkfey vuqHko cPpksa dh viuh futh ftUnxh ls tqMs+ vuqHkoksa ls esy [kkrs gksaA ,slh fLFkfr esa og i<+rk t:j gS] ij vuqHko txr ds uke ij 'kwU; gh gkFk yxrk gS vkSj mldh le> vLi"V jg tkrh gSA 'kk;n bl vLi"V le> dk lcls cM+k dkj.k ;gh gS fd ikB~;Øe fuekZrk ,oa 'kS{kf.kd thoar /kkjk dks fØ;kfUor djus okys f'k{kd ds chp cgqr yEck Qklyk gS] ftldh otg ls gh ikB~;iqLrd mlds fy, lcls cM+k lk/ku cudj Hkzfer djrh jgh gS vkSj og dqN pquh gqbZ xfrfof/k;ksa ds chp f?klVrs&f?klVrs ne rksM+ nsrk gSA 'kkfey cPpksa dh iwjh ftUnxh mUgha xfrfof/k;ksa ds chp vVdrh gqbZ fleV dj jg tkrh gSA dgkuh&f'k{k.k fodkl dh çfØ;k dk og fgLlk gS] ftlds }kjk ,d cPps esa /kS;Z] le>] dYiuk vkfn dk fodkl gksrk gSA tc

rd ikB'kkykvksa esa cPpksa ls pqi jgus dh mEehn ,oa cPpksa dh Lora=rk dks udkjk tk,xk rc rd ,d f”k{kd dks cPpksa esa Lo;a LQwfrZ ds n”kZu 'kk;n gh dHkh laHko gksaA i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kkus dh çfØ;k esa vkapfyd dforkvksa] xhrksa ,oa fdaonfUr;ksa dh vge Hkwfedk gksuh pkfg, rkfd cPpksa dh viuh lksp] mudk utfj;k 'kkfey lkfgR; ls esy [kk ldsA mudk vuqHko c<+sxk vkSj ladksp VwVsxkA d{kk esa vDlj dgkfu;ksa dks lqukdj ;k cPpksa ls Øec) <ax ls i<+okdj ç'uksa dks gy djok;k tkrk gSA cPps ç'uksa dk tokc fy[kus ds fy, cM+ksa dh Le`fr ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA muds }kjk yxk, x, fpg~uksa ds chp dh ckrksa dks gw&c&gw oSlk gh mrkj ysrs gSa vkSj bfErgku ds le; ckj&ckj fy[kdj ;k jVdj vius vkidks ijh{kk ds fy, rS;kj djrs gSa] blfy, ijh{kk ls fuiVus ds fy, muesa vkRecy ugha jgrkA mudk foosd tSls yM+[kM+krs gq, pyrk gSA Qsy gksus dk Mj muds t+gu esa lek;k gqvk gksrk gS vkSj ikl gksus dh yyd mUgsa dbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls xqtjus ds fy, etcwj djrh gSA ij loky ;g mBrk gS fd D;k ç'u ds tokc Hkj fy[k nsus ;k lquk nsus ls mudh {kerkvksa ,oa dkS'kyksa dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gS\ pyks eku ysrs gSa fd fyf[kr vfHkO;fä ds n'kZu gq,] ij ekSf[kd vfHkO;fä ds çf'k{k.k ls og vHkh Hkh oafpr gSA dgkuh] dforkvksa dks ikB~;Øe dk fgLlk D;ksa cuk;k x;k\ lcls igys rks bls gh le>uk ,d f'k{kd ds fy, vko';d gSA

ls rksM+us&tksM+us dh {kerk dk fodklA ij ?;ku j[kus okyh ckr ;g gS fd dgkuh dforkvksa dks i<+okrs ;k lqukrs le;] dbZ funsZ'kksa ij vey djuk t:jh gksxkA tSlk lqukrs le;] vkjksg&vojksg] Hkkoksa dk mrkj&p<+ko] y;] rkyA i<+rs le; okD;ksa dks rksM+&rksM+ dj u i<+uk vkSj iwjs okD; dks vFkZ iw.kZ <ax ls i<+uk t:jh gS] rkfd cPps okD;ksa dks lqudj mlds vFkZ le> ldsa vkSj mudh xgjkbZ esa tk ldsaA vUr esa tSlk fd MkW- —".k dqekj us ^cPps dh Hkk"kk vkSj v/;kid* uked iqLrd esa fy[kk gS& ^^dgkuh lqukdj ppkZ djuk tjk Vs<+k ekeyk gSA eSaus ,sls vusd v/;kid ns[ks gSa tks dgkuh dh lh[k dh ppkZ djus dks mRlqd jgrs gSaA dgkuh lekIr gksrs gh os iwN mBrs gS& bl dgkuh ls rqEgsa D;k f'k{kk feyh\ ,d lkFkZd laokn dh 'kq:vkr ds fy, ;g ç'u fcYdqy csdkj gSA--- uSfrd ewY; ds ckjs esa iwNus okyk v/;kid viuh gh esgur dks xqM+&xkscj dj nsrk gSA bruh gh fQtwy mu v/;kidksa dh ek¡x gksrh gS tks dgkuh ;kn djus ij tksj nsrs gSA os pkgrs gSa fd cPps iwjh dgkuh gw&c&gw lquk nsaA os ;g ek¡x brus fu;fer :i ls djrs gS fd cPps dgkuh dk vkuUn ysuk NksM+] vius Åij yknh tkus okyh ek¡x dh fpark esa Mwc tkrs gSaAÞ tcfd gksuk ;g pkfg, fd cPpksa dks bl ckr dh iwjh vktknh vkSj volj nsa fd os dgkuh ds ckjs esa fdlh Hkh rjg ls ckr djsa] mls rksM+s&ejksMsa+] mls vkxs c<+k,¡] muds pfj=ksa dh vnyk&cnyh djsa ;k Lo;a dgkfu;k¡ x<+saA rHkh dgkuh vkSj dfork f'k{k.k dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vax cu ldsaxhA

dgkuh] dforkvksa dks flQZ bfErgku ds ç'uksa rd gh lhfer ugha j[kk tkuk pkfg,A buds }kjk ge cPpksa dh dbZ fØ;kvksa ,oa {kerkvksa dk irk yxk ldrs gSa& cPps esa /kS;Z] dYiuk] vuqHko] vuqeku] Hkkoksa dk mrkj&p<+ko] ftKklk] vfHku; ,oa vius <ax

pUæ çdk'k pUæ çdk'k dM+k fiNys nks n'kd ls f'k{kk ,oa uokpkj ds eqn~nksa ij lrr ys[ku dj jgs gSaA vc rd dbZ ys[k o nks fdrkcsa Ldwy ds bnZ fxnZ rFkk ;FkkFkZ dh f'k{kk çdkf'krA fQygky ,dyO; esa dk;ZjrA

Òk"kk&c¨yh

vkRedF;

lkekftd thou dks vkdkj nsrh fdrkcsa & e.kh’k dqekj Bkdqj vk/kqfud le; esa ge Lekjd fufeZr djds ugha] cfYd Nih gqbZ fdrkcksa esa ‘kkfey gksdj vej gksuk pkgrs gSaA ;s fdrkcsa egt+ gekjs Kku dh gh ugha] cfYd Hkkoukvksa] gljrksa vkSj dkeukvksa dh Hkh okgd gksrh gSaA fdrkcksa us vk/kqfud le; esa dqN u, <ax ds laca/k cuk, gSa rks dqN iqjkus lEcU/kksa dh xeZtks’kh dks de Hkh fd;k gSA elyu ;g laHko gS fd mÙkj Hkkjr dk ,d jk”Vªoknh dfo nf{k.k Hkkjr ds jk”Vªoknh dfo ls vf/kd HkkoukRed tqM+ko eglwl djs vkSj vius&vius nsgkrh vui<+ ifjos’k esa vtuch dh rjg ft,A fdrkcksa us vxj foæksgh iSnk fd, rks blus ijaijk dks iquthZou nsdj ijaijkokfn;ksa dks Hkh xksycan fd;k gS] blfy, ,slk yxrk gS fd vk/kqfudrk dh tíkstgn esa fdrkcksa dh dsUæh; Hkwfedk gSA e.kh’k us bl ys[k esa iqLrdksa ds bnZ&fxnZ cuus okys lkekftd&lkaL—frd rkus&ckus dks vius cpiu vkSj fo|kFkhZ thou ds dqN vuqHkoksa ds tfj, lqy>kus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA

fdrkcsa lkaL—frd lksp dk dsUæ&fcUnq gks ldrh gSa] bldk gYdk lk vglkl eq>s mUuhl lkS uCcs ds n'kd ds iwokZ)Z esa ubZ fnYyh esa gqvkA rc eSa ts-,u-;w- esa xzstq,'ku dh i<+kbZ dj jgk FkkA bldk Js; jkT;&lefFkZr dqN laLFkkvksa dks tkrk gSA esjk b'kkjk us'kuy cqd VªLV dh vksj gS] tks gj lky ikBdh;rk dh laL—fr fodflr djus gsrq dbZ vk;kstu djrh gS elyu iqLrd esyk] iqLrd lIrkg bR;kfnA 1992 ds vkl&ikl us'kuy cqd VªLV ds iqLrd lIrkg ds vk;kstu ds njE;ku gh eSus ,d iksLVj [kjhnk ftlesa egkRek xk¡/kh ds QksVks vkSj lwfä ds lgkjs iqLrdksa dh efgek dk lkjxfHkZr c[kku FkkA og iksLVj esjs gƒLVy ds dejs dh est ij nks&rhu lkyksa rd yVdk jgkA ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd iksLVj [kjhnus vkSj yVdkus ds ihNs esjk xk¡/kh&çse Fkk ;k iqLrd&çse ftldh egÙkk ij xk¡/kh us çdk'k Mkyk FkkA cgjgky ,u-ch-Vh ds eksckby oSu }kjk forfjr lLrh iqLrdksa dk ladyu fdlh rjg esjh vknr cu xbZA ysfdu ;g cgqr vkxs dh ckr gSA gkyk¡fd us'kuy cqd VªLV dh igq¡p fdlh Hkh vU; çdk'ku laLFkk dh rqyuk esa vf/kd gS] ysfdu fcgkj ds lqnwj xk¡o esa tgk¡ esjs Ldwyh thou dh 'kq#vkr 1970 ds n'kd esa gqbZ] og fdlh Hkh ,slh laLFkk

Òk"kk&c¨yh

dh igq¡p ls ijs Fkk tks cPpksa dks ikB~;iqLrd ds jkstejkZiu ls fudky dj i<+us ds vkuan ls okfdQ djok ldsA fQj Hkh Hkkjr dh vktknh ds nks n'kd ds ckn ds bl xk¡o esa laLFkk,¡ Hkh Fkha vkSj fdrkcsa HkhA dqN laLFkk,¡ tks vktknh ds ckn ds n'kdksa esa ;k vktknh ds igys cuh] ;k rks e`r gks pqdh Fkha ;k mudk Lo:i cny x;k FkkA cPpksa ds fy, vxj ikB~;iqLrd ls brj dksbZ fdrkc ugha Fkha rks os cM+ksa dh est ;k vkyekjh ls ,slh nks&,d fdrkcsa <w¡<+dj i<+ gh ysrs FksA bUgha dqN fdrkcksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ls xqtjrs gq, esjk Ldwyh thou iwjk gqvkA 2

gekjs xk¡o dk uke Nis gq, v{kjksa esa D;ksa ugha gS\

oSls gekjk Ldwyh cpiu vf/kdka'k ikB~;iqLrdksa ds bnZ&fxnZ gh ?kwerk gSA ikB~;iqLrdksa dk xgu v/;;u vPNs vadks ds fy, vko';d ekuk tkrk gSA gekjs Hkko&cks/k esa ikB~;iqLrdsa dgha u dgha f'k{kdksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa dh vuq'kklu vk/kkfjr nqfu;k dk gh ,d vfHkUu vax yxrh gaSA ogk¡ mPN~okl ugha fn[krk] [kqykiu ugha feyrk vkSj dqy feykdj iqLrdksa dh nqfu;k cksf>y yxrh gS( ysfdu vf/kdrj cPpksa dk 'kCnksa dh nqfu;k ls lk{kkRdkj bUgha ikB~;iqLrdksa ds ek/;e ls gksrk gSaA de ls de esjs Ldwy dh nqfu;k ,slh gh FkhA fcgkj ds e/kqcuh ftys ds ftl Ldwy esa esjh i<+kbZ gqbZ] mlesa u dksbZ iqLrdky; Fkk vkSj u gh ikB~;srj iqLrdksa dh

ppkZA cPpksa dks ikB~;iqLrd ds brj iqLrdsa i<+uh pkfg, vkSj ,slk djuk muds fodkl dk LokHkkfod igyw gS& ;g –f"Vdks.k çk;% gekjs cpiu ls vuqifLFkr gh jgkA gk¡] esjs xk¡o esa ,d ykbczsjh FkhA lc yksx ml ,d dejs ds cjkens&;qä ^Hkou* dks ykbczsjh gh dgrs Fks] vui<+ Hkh] cqtqxZ HkhA xk¡o esa jgrs eSaus dHkh ml dejs dks [kqyk ugha ik;k& ges'kk rkyk gh yVdk jgrk FkkA eSaus lqu j[kk Fkk fd ml dejs ds vUnj fdrkcsa gaSA ijarq og nqfu;k eq>s Ok;Ldksa dh gh yxh& Ok;Ldksa ds fy, j[kh fdrkcsa eSa dHkh ns[k ugha ik;kA ykbczsjh ds cjkens esa vdlj iapk;rsa cSBdj xk¡o ds fookn dk fuiVkjk djrh FkhaA bl rjg esjs psru esa ykbczsjh dh tks vkjfEHkd Nfo gS] og dejk ;k Hkou dh gS u fd okpu&iBu ds lkoZtfud LFky dhA og ykbczsjh vHkh Hkh esjs xk¡o esa mlh :i esa fdlh iqjkus edcjs dh rjg gSA eq>s dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd D;k og ykbczsjh ,d vkjksfir jkT;&iksf"kr lajpuk gS vkSj og xk¡o dk vo;oh fgLlk dHkh u jgh\ D;k fdlkuh&lH;rk ,sfrgkfld :i ls iqLrd&fojks/kh jgh gS\ gky esa çdkf'kr viuh fdrkc ^ce 'kadj Vu x.ks'k* esa jkds'k dqekj flag us Hkh iM+kslh ftys ds ,d xk¡o esa Bhd ,slh gh ,d ykbczsjh dh ekStwnxh dk ftØ fd;k gSA bu iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj budh orZeku voLFkk dk v/;;u gksuk vHkh ckdh gSA

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Òk"kk&c¨yh

tks Hkh gks Ldwyh thou dh 'kq#vkr esa gh ;g cks/k gqvk fd iqLrdksa esa fy[kh gqbZ ckr dk otu dqN vkSj gh gksrk gSA vxj fdlh xk¡o dk uke iqLrd esa gS rks ml xk¡o dk ot+wn esjs xk¡o ds ot+wn ls T;knk çHkkoh gSA elyu lkfgR; dh ikB~;iqLrd esa fdlh dgkuhdkj ;k dfo dh dfork ;k dgkuh ds igys mudk laf{kIr thou&ifjp; gksrk Fkk& jke/kkjh flag ^fnudj* dk tUe csxwljk; ftys ds flefj;k xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA ge iwjh iqLrd esa <w¡<+rs Fks fd dgha fdlh lanHkZ esa gekjs xk¡o dk ;k ftyk dk uke vk tk,A bZ";kZ Hkh gksrh Fkh fd geus D;ksa ugha dfo@ys[kd iSnk fd,A gekjk xk¡o NikbZ ds v{kjksa esa D;ksa ugha gS\ rks u dsoy fdrkcsa oS/k o vkf/kdkfjd lwpuk o Kku ds vfeV lzksr ds :i esa gekjs chp vkbaZ] cfYd dkykarj esa ;s gekjh vej.k'khyrk rFkk vejRo dh ykylk dk okgd Hkh cu xbZaA bfrgkl esa nkf[ky gksuk Lekjdksa ds ek/;e ls lfn;ksa ls gksrk jgk gS] ijUrq 'kk;n iqLrdsa mudk vk/kqfud :ikarj.k gSaA cM+s&cM+s ys[kd] lkfgR;dkj] oSKkfud gekjs ekul&iVy ij viuh —fr;ksa ds cy ij gh rks Nk, jgrs gSaA rkYLrk; gesa vius yxrs gSa] ledkyhu yxrs gSa rks vUuk dkjsfuuk dh otg ls ghA ekdsZt gesa Rofjr djrs gSa rks vius 'kCnksa dh tknqbZ fgyksjksa ls ghA gekjs Ldwy dk uke cqfu;knh fo|ky; Fkk] ysfdu dksbZ T;knk QdZ ugha Fkk gekjs Ldwy rFkk vU; e/; o çkFkfed fo|ky; esaA lquh&lqukbZ ckr Fkh fd cqfu;knh fo|ky; ;kuh csfld Ldwy ftys esa de gh gSa& veqd xk¡o esa] veqd xk¡o esaA ;s xk¡/khth ds o/kkZ dk;ZØe& ubZ rkyhe ds vo”ks"k gSaA gks ldrk gS fd vktknh ds ckn xk¡/kh J)k ds mQku esa ljdkj us bu fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh gksA gesa veweu u rks xk¡/kh dh ewfrZ fn[kkbZ iM+rh Fkh vkSj u gh mudh jk"Vªoknh lwfä;k¡A xk¡/kh dk jk"Vª rks [kSj dkslksa nwj FkkA xk¡/kh dh [kknh t:j Fkh& xk¡/kh dh iqLrdsa Hkys gh xk;c gksaA gekjs gsMekLVj lkgc [kknh/kkjh FksA igyh ckj mUgha ds dejs esa eSus [kknh dh pknj vkSj [kknh dk rfd;k ns[kkA muds fljgkus esa ,d fnu eSaus ,d eksVh&lh fdrkc ns[kh& jk"Vªifr jktsUæ çlkn dh vkRedFkkA çdk'kd ;kn ugha gSA oSls ckn esa eSaus ,u-chVh- dk ;g çdk'ku ns[kkA fcgkj esa iys&c<+s ge tSls cPpksa ds fy, jktsUæ ckcw oSls gh vuqdj.kh; egkiq#"k Fks tSls bZ'ojpaæ fo|klkxj caxky ds cPpksa ds gqvk djrs gSaA mudh es/kk] mudh lknxh rFkk mudk ljy thou gekjs fy, mins'kkRed FkkA [kSj

Òk"kk&c¨yh

mudh vkRedFkk esjs fy, igyh ckgjh iqLrd Fkh tks iBuh; Fkh vkSj ftldk i<+k tkuk vfHkHkkodks dh utj esa dqN oSlk gh Fkk] tSlk jke Hkäksa ds fy, guqeku pkyhlk dk ikBA eksVh fdrkc Fkh] ijarq Hkk"kk ljyA mldks i<+rs gq, gh eSaus ^dk;y* 'kCn dk ç;ksx lh[kk ftldk jktsUæ ckcw us mnkjrk ls bLrseky fd;k gSA ikB~;iqLrdksa ls brj nwljh iqLrd Fkh jke ujs'k f=ikBh dk dfork&laxzg ^ifFkd*] ftls eSaus ,d fnu vius nkyku esa ik;kA 'kk;n fdlh pkpk us vius dƒyst ds fnuksa esa mls eqt¶Qjiqj esa [kjhnk gksA fdrkc jk"Vªçse ls vksr&çksr Fkh( ijarq eq>s vHkh tks ;kn gS og gS mldh y;kRedrkA 'kk;n dfork dh y; ls ;g esjk igyk ifjp; FkkA çfr{k.k uwru os'k cukdj jax fojax fujkyk jfo ds lEeq[k fFkjd jgh gS uHk esa okfjn&ekyk uhps uhy leqæ euksgj Åij uhy xxu gS ?ku ij cSBs chp esa fop:¡ ;gh pkgrk eu gSA ¼jkeujs'k f=ikBh % ifFkd % igyk lxZ % in&15½ cPpu dh e/kq'kkyk Hkh mlh nkyku esa feyh& ^fnu dks gksyh] jkr fnokyh] jkst eukrh e/kq'kkyk*& viuh ljyrk esa vc Hkh fnekx ds fdlh dksus esa fojkteku gSA dqN lkyksa ckn mlh nkyku esa eSaus fNidj xqy'ku uank dk ^dkyh ?kVk* Hkh i<+kA thou dh vyx&vyx voLFkkvksa esa tSfod cnyko rks gksrs gh gSa] ijUrq iqLrdksa ds lgkjs Hkh bl cnyko dks js[kakfdr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 'kk;n dkyh ?kVk fd'kksjkoLFkk dh esjh igyh lh<+h FkhA iqLrdsa gekjh dbZ ftKklk,¡ cq>krh gaSA lkjh ftKklkvksa dk lEcU/k ges'kk ^Kku* ls gh gks ;g t:jh ugha gS] ysfdu os ges'kk ekuoh; thou ds fdlh u fdlh vk;ke dks vkyksfdr djrh gSaA 3

vjs] eSa rks bu ys[kdksa dks Dykl esa lqu pqdk gw¡ !

vHkh gky ds o"kksaZ rd fcgkj esa nloha ds ckn dh i<+kbZ dƒyst esa gh gksrh FkhA Ldwyh i<+kbZ iwjh djds vkxs dh i<+kbZ ds fy, eSa iVuk vk x;kA oSls iVuk esa eSaus nks&rhu lky xqtkjs] ijUrq iVuk iqLrd esys ds ckjs esa T;knk ;kn ugha gSA gkyk¡fd v'kksd jktiFk ij iqLrdksa dh dbZ vPNh nqdkuas gaS] ijUrq esjk lkcdk vf/kdrj lkbal dh ikB~;iqLrd ls gh iM+rk Fkk vkSj dqN ukeh&fxjkeh

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çksQsljksa dh iqLrdksa dks ns[kdj jksekap vkrk Fkk fd pyks HkkbZ eSa rks budks Dykl esa lqu pqdk gw¡A ;g ,sfrgkfld jaxeap ij fdlh ,DlVªk vkfVZLV dh rjg 'kkfey gksus dh dksf'k'k FkhA xk¡o dk uke <w¡<+rs gq, eSa ogk¡ igq¡p pqdk Fkk] tgk¡ ys[kd ds :i esa fdrkc ij uke Nis O;fä dks eSa l'kjhj ns[k vkSj lqu pqdk FkkA uke Hkh dky&ns”k lanfHkZr gksrk gSA 1986&90 ds nkSjku iVuk esa ukeh çksQslj dk eryc ogk¡ ds dksfpax bLVhV~;wV esa mudh yksdfç;rk ls gS vFkok muds fuokl ij çkbosV V~;w'ku ds cSp lkbt ls gSA nklxqIrk vkSj ykyth çlkn dh xf.kr dh fdrkcsa] fuR;kuan flUgk] xaxk/kj feJk vkSj uQhl gSnj dh jlk;u foKku dh fdrkcsa] f=ikBh th dh oS|qfrdh] oekZ dk ukfHkdh; foKku] jS'kfud vkSj gSfyMs dh HkkSfrdh vkfn fdrkcksa ds uke dSfj;j cukus dh [kkst esa xk¡o ls 'kgj vkus okys gj ;qok dh ftºok ij gqvk djrs FksA mudh egÙkk dk lEcU/k eq[;r% bathfu;fjax vkSj esfMdy dh ços'k ijh{kkvksa esa muds ;ksxnku ls Fkk vkSj ;ksxnku dh ;g xkFkk iq'r&nj&iq'r pyh vk jgh Fkh fdaonfUr;ksa ds lgkjsA vaxzsth esa dgsa rks bu ukeh&fxjkeh çksQsljksa ds ckjs esa dbZ dFkkokrkZ,¡ Fkha] tks çk;% iVuk ds çoklh Nk=ksa ds cngky o dwieaMwd ygts+ esa euksjatd ifjppkZ dh rkth gok ykrh FkhaA

dƒystksa vkSj dksfpax bULVhV~;wV] vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh vkSj ch-vkbZ-Vh esa izos”ktU; LoIuksa ds chp fo}Ùkk dh ifjdYiuk rFkk ml ifjdYiuk esa iqLrdksa ds LFkku vkSj mldh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa dqN dguk fu%lansg ,d lk;kl vkjksi.k gh gksxk( ysfdu ikBdh;rk dh ;g laL—fr fdlh Hkh vU; laL—fr dh rjg bruh ,dkaxh ugha gks ldrh fd mlesa flQZ vkSj flQZ ,d gh çdkj ds Kku vkSj ikB dh xqatkb'k gksA tks opZLooknh foe'kZ Fkk Kku dk] dSfj;j dk] mlds ja/kzksa esa vkykspukRed] çfrjks/kh vkSj fooknh Lojksa dh Hkh dqNsd laHkkouk,¡ jgh gksaxhA gks ldrk gS fd nqdkuksa dh pdkpkSa/k esa dksbZ xzkeh.k ;qok bathfu;j cuus ds vius cks> dks detksj da/kksa ij <ksrs gq, çxfr”khy lkfgR; lnu esa ?kqliSB dj tk, vkSj ogk¡ mldh utj eSfDle xksdhZ ds ^esjs fo”ofo|ky;* vkSj jkgqy lka—R;k;u ds ^cksYxk ls xaxk* ij iM+ tk, vkSj og muesa Mqcfd;k¡ yxkuk 'kq: dj nsA gks ldrk gS fd mldh fuxkg v#.k dey ds dfork&laxzg ^lcwr* ij iM+ tk, vkSj og /kwy&/kwlfjr ifjorZuoknh vkdka{kkvksa ls vksr&çksr gks tk,A vkSj ugha rks og fdlh y?kq if=dk dks gh vius gkFk esa ys ys rFkk mlesa c-c-dkjaFk vkSj çlUuk ds lk{kkRdkjksa dks i<+rs gq, jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; vkSj Hkkjrh; tuukV~; la?k ¼bIVk½ ds ckjs esa lkspus yxsA ;g ekufld&oSpkfjd Qyd

Òk"kk&c¨yh

dk gh rks foLrkj gS vkSj iqLrdsa fu%lansg bl foLrkj dks laHko cukrh gaSA 4

xhrkçsl xksj[kiqj] iƒdsV cqDl vkSj vk/kqfudrk dk egklaxzke

foLrkj dh ;g çfØ;k cgqvk;keh gS vkSj iqLrdsa mudk ek/;eA ;g cgqr jkspd gS fd gj lekt ds thou esa og {k.k vkrk gS tc çdkf'kr Kku vkSj ml Kku dh laogu djus okyh fdrkcksa dk LFkku loksZifj gks tkrk gSA lekt dh fu;fr] mldh n'kk o fn'kk] mldh tM+rk vkSj mldh ifjorZuxkeh vkdka{kk,¡] mldh vfLerk vkSj mldk vU;& ;s lkjs foospu çdkf'kr Kku ds vkyksd esa gh gksus yxrs gSaA fdrkcsa yksxksa dks /kkfeZd Hkh cukrh gS vkSj Økafrdkjh HkhA fcgkj ds çfl) fdlku usrk Lokeh lgtkuan ljLorh us fdlkuksa ds la?k"kZ dh xkFkk,¡ Hkh fy[kha] vius vkajfHkd thou dh xkFkk,¡ Hkh fy[kha rFkk vius vkajfHkd thou esa Hkwfegkj ;qodksa dks çf'kf{kr iafMrksa ds :i esa <kyus gsrq deZdkaM ij eksVh iqLrdsa HkhA iqLrdksa us 'kk;n fgUnqvksa dks T;knk fgUnw vkSj eqlyekuksa dks T;knk eqlyeku Hkh cuk;k gSA mÙkj Hkkjr esa ;fn çR;sd ?kj esa rqylh—r jkepfjrekul vkSj Jhen~Hkkxon~xhrk dh ,d çfr feyrh gS rks bldk Js; xhrkçsl] xksj[kiqj dks gh tkrk gSA uj&ukjh lEcU/kkas dh ,d iwjh tknqbZ nqfu;k dk fuekZ.k Hkh rks iƒdsV cqDl ds miU;klksa ls gqvk gSA

iqLrdsa gesa çfrc) Hkh cukrh gSa vkSj çpfyr fopkj/kkjkvksa ds ek/;e ls gesa vius fnekx dh dbZ f[kM+fd;ksa dks can djus dks Hkh ck/; djrh gSa] ysfdu fopkjksa ds bl tíkstgn us gesa le`) rks cuk;k gh gSA iqLrdksa us gh rks gesa lelkef;d thou ds dbZ çfreku fn, vkSj l¡tks, rFkk mu çfrekuksa ds çfrjks/k ds oSpkfjd lalk/ku Hkh eqgS;k djok,A ekuoh; efLr"d dh ltZuk o oSpkfjd ÅtkZ dk vk/kqfud le; esa l'kä ek/;e iqLrdsa gh jgh gSaA iqLrdksa us 'kCnksa dh lÙkk dk vlhe foLrkj fd;k gSA 'kk;n og lÙkk vc pqukSfr;ksa ds ?ksjs esa gS] ijUrq rc rd] tc rd fd oSdfYid Kku ds ek/;eksa ls iqLrdksa dk vkPNknu u gks tk,] iqLrdsa vius iwjs otwn esa viuh lkt&lTtk] :i&jax&xa/k ls gesa vkdf"kZr djrh jgsaxhA iqLrdksa ij cSBh gqbZ /kwy] iqLrdky; dh vyekfj;ksa ij cu x, edM+h ds tkysa ges'kk ekuoh; gkFkksa dh lfUuf/k esa >M+rs&lkQ] lqFkjs gksrs jgsaxsA [kqyh fdrkc ds iUuksa ij ,sud yxh vk¡[kksa dk VdVdh& ;g Nfo ,d fo}ku o fopkjd dh gekjs ekul iVy ij yEcs vlsZ rd vafdr jgsxhA

dgus dk vk'k; ;g fd vk/kqfudrk dk tfVy egklaxzke iqLrdksa ds bnZfxnZ gh le>k tk ldrk gSA Ýkalhlh Økafr ls ysdj :lh lektokn ds iru dh xkFkk iqLrdksa esa lekfgr jgh gSa vkSj bu iqLrdksa us gekjh psruk dks u dsoy ikjn'khZ rkSj ij mHkkjk gS] oju~ mldks vkdkj nsus esa Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fd;k gSA vxj iqLrdksa dk ek/;e u gksrk rks eSlwj ds Vhiw lqYrku dks Ýkalhlh Økafr ds x.krkaf=d ewY;ksa dh vkf/kdkfjd tkudkjh u gksrhA

e.kh'k dqekj Bkdqj e.kh’k us lekt’kkL= esa tokgjyky usg: fo’ofo|ky; ls ,e- ,- vkSj xksok fo’ofo|ky; ls ih,p- Mhdh gSA bu fnuksa e.kh’k bafM;u bafLVP;wV v‚Q eSustesaV] dksydrk esa ^ifCyd ikfylh vkSj eSaustesaV* ds ,lksf'k,V çksQslj gSaA lekt’kkL= ds vusd çfrf”Br if=dkvksa esa buds ‘kks/ki= çdkf’kr gq, gSa vkSj os dbZ if=dkvksa ds lEiknd e.My esa Hkh ‘kkfey gSaA ;qok lekt’kkL=h ds :i esa mUgsa ,e-,u- Jhfuokl eseksfj;y iqjLdkj vkSj jk/kk dey eq[kthZ eseksfj;y iqjLdkj çkIr gks pqds gSaA ,d jktuhfrd&lekt’kkL=h ds :i esa e.kh’k jktuhfrd xksycanh ds nSufnu igyqvksa ds v/;;u esa #fp ysrs gSaA xzkeh.k fodkl dh uhfrxr vkSj dk;kZy;h ppkZvksa esa ^xk¡o* dh cuus okyh Nfo;ksa ij bUgksaus ‘kks/k&çca/k fy[kk gSA laidZ% bafM;u baLVhP;wV vkWQ eSustesaV] dksydrkA Mk;e.M gkcZj jksM] tksdk] dksydrk& 700104 Òk"kk&c¨yh

fopkj

cky iqLrdky; ds fy, vPNh fdrkcksa dk p;u & deys’k paæ tks’kh

fiNys lky lrkSyh] uSuhrky esa us’kuy cqd VªLV us ,d dk;Z’kkyk vk;ksftr dhA bl dk;Z’kkyk esa Ldwyh cPpksa ds fy, fdrkcksa ds p;u ij ,d foLr`r ppkZ dh xbZA deys’k pUæ tks’kh bl ys[k esa lrkSyh esa gqbZ ml ifjppkZ ds eq[; fcnqvksa ij çdk’k Mky jgs gSaA

cPpksa dks thou i;ZUr ,d ikBd cukus ds fy, t:jh gS fd mUgsa Ldwyh i<+kbZ dh 'kq:vkr ls gh fdrkcsa miyC/k djkbZ tk,¡A mUgsa fdrkcsa i<+dj lqukbZ tk,¡ vkSj fdrkcksa dks ns[kus&le>us dk ekSdk fn;k tk,A lkFk gh fdrkcksa ds i<+us dks d{kk&v/;kiu dk vfHkUu vax ekuk tk,A bl ckr ij iwjk fo'okl fd;k tk, fd cPpksa ds i<+uk lh[kus esa ikB~;iqLrdksa ls brj cky iqLrdksa dh cgqr cM+h Hkwfedk gSA 'kk;n blh ckr dks /;ku j[krs gq, f'k{kk ds vf/kdkj fcy esa çR;sd fo|ky; ds fy, iqLrdky; dk çko/kku Hkh fd;k x;k gSA Ldwyh iqLrdky;ksa esa cPpksa ds fy, dSlh fdrkcsa gksa] fdrkcksa ds p;u ds vk/kkj D;k gksa& bu ckrksa ij fopkj djus ds fy, us'kuy cqd VªLV] bafM;k us flrEcj 2012 esa pkj fnu dh ,d dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu lrkSyh] uSuhrky esa fd;kA bl dk;Z'kkyk esa cPpksa dh fdrkcksa ds çdk'ku ls tqM+h ns'k dh vxz.kh laLFkkvksa] cky iqLrdksa ds laikndksa o ys[kdksa us Hkkxhnkjh dhA dk;Z'kkyk ds fofHkUu l=ksa esa cky iqLrdksa ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij gqbZ ppkZvksa o vius vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij ;g vkys[k rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA mi;qä fo"k;oLrq cPps HkkoukRed vFkok laKkukRed ;k fQj nksuksa gh Lrjksa ij fdrkc dh fo"k;oLrq ls tqM+ko dk vuqHko dj ldrs gSaA blds varxZr loZçFke bl ckr ij xkSj djuk pkfg, fd fdrkc dh fo"k;oLrq ,slh gks] ftlls cPpk vius vklikl ds ifjos'k] vius vuqHko ;k viuh dYiuk ls tqM+rk gqvk eglwl djsA fo"k;oLrq dgha vius lkaL—frd ifjos'k dk vglkl

Òk"kk&c¨yh

djk ik,A cPpksa dks dqN u;k lkspus] dYiuk djus dk ekSdk ns ik,] muesa ,d mRlqdrk txk ik,A mnkgj.k ds fy, us'kuy cqd VªLV }kjk çdkf'kr iqLrd ^bZnxkg* dk uke fy;k tk ldrk gS( ftlls cPpk yxHkx gj Lrj ij lgtrk ls tqM+ko eglwl djrk gSA gkfen ds esyk tkus o mlds lkfFk;ksa ds }kjk f[kykSus [kjhnus ds vuqHkoksa dks vius vuqHkoksa ls tksM+ ldrs gSaA bl fdrkc dks cPpksa dh vPNh fdrkcksa dh Js.kh esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA blh rjg ^dtjh xk; >wys ij* o ,-,aM-,- VªLV }kjk ^dtjh xk;* Jà[kyk dh vU; iqLrdsa nwljs ns'k dh i`"BHkwfe ls gksrs gq, Hkh cPpksa ds lkFk lgt tqM+ko cukrh gSa vkSj cPps mlesa vkuan ysrs gSaA ;gk¡ ge ;g Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd dqN fdrkcsa lkoZHkkSfed gksrh gSa] tks fHkUu laL—fr ls gksrs gq, Hkh ikBdksa ls lEcU/k cukrh gSaA muls cPps lgt :i ls tqM+rs gSaA bl çdkj fdrkcksa esa ;g le>us dk ç;kl djuk pkfg, fd budh fo"k;oLrq D;k gS\ budh i`"BHkwfe D;k gS\ ;s fdrkcsa cPpksa ds vuqHko o mudh dYiuk ds Lrj ij dSls esy cSBkrh gS\ mnkgj.k ds fy, NksVs cPpksa dh fdrkcsa& ^fcYyh ds cPps*] ^pwgs dks feyh isafly*] ûko pyh*] êSa Hkh*] ^ykyw vkSj ihyw* ês<d vkSj lk¡i* vkfn fdrkcsa NksVs cPpksa dh dYiuk ls lgt gh tqM+rh gSaA ;s iqLrdsa cPpksa ds vius vklikl ds ifjos'k] muds vuqHko txr~ o mudh dYiuk'khyrk ls vklkuh ls tqM+ tkrh gSaA blesa mudh nqfu;k [kqyrh gS vkSj mUgsa u;k lkspus dk ekSdk Hkh feyrk gSA fdrkcksa ls ;g HkkoukRed tqM+ko mudh mRlqdrk dks Hkh c<+krk gS ftlls os dgkuh ls tqM+rs gSaA ^dtjh xk;* fdlh dke dks iwjk djus ds fy, og ubZ&ubZ rjdhcsa <w¡<+rh gSA vke rkSj ij bl rjg ls cPps Hkh lksprs gSa o djrs gSaA dqN ,slk gh ge fpYMªUl cqd VªLV }kjk çdkf'kr iqLrd ^ckrwuh dNqvk* esa Hkh ns[k ldrs gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g drbZ ugha fd gj dgkuh esa ,d gh iSVuZ gksA mudh fo"k;oLrq vyx&vyx gks ldrh gaSA tSls fd ^cqf<+;k dh jksVh* esa ,d nksgjko gS vkSj cPps mlls tqM+rs gSaA ^fiIih ds yacs eksts* esa fiIih ds fØ;kdyki cPpksa dh dYiuk ls vklkuh ls tqM+rs gSa vkSj os mlesa vkuan ikrs gSaA bl çdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd dqN fdrkcksa dh Fkhe ,slh gksrh gS] ftlls cPps vklkuh ls tqM+ko cuk ikrs gSaA bl rjg ds rÙoksa dks cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa <w¡<+k tk ldrk gS vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk dke djrs gq, igpkuk tk ldrk gSA cPps lgt gkL;cks/k] lkgl] [kkstchu] vk'p;Z vkfn Fkhe ls tqM+h fdrkcsa Hkh ilan djrs gSaA blds lkFk cPpksa ds vius vkl ikl

Òk"kk&c¨yh

ds ifjos'k ds çfr ltxrk o laosnu'khyrk ls tqM+h iqLrdsa Hkh miyC/k djkuh pkfg,A bl rjg dh fdrkcksa esa egkfxjh] vEek lcdh I;kjh vEek] dkcqyhokyk] cht] igyoku th vkfn fdrkcksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fgalk vkSj Øwjrk dks efgekeafMr djus okys vkSj cnys dh Hkkouk ls tqM+h fdrkcksa dks vLohdkj djuk pkfg,A vk;qoxZ ds vuqlkj fdrkcksa ds Lrj cuk, tk ldrs gSa rFkk vyx&vyx vk;qoxZ ds fy, dqN fo"k; lq>k, tk ldrs gSaA d{kk ,d ls rhljh ds fy, fp=kRed iqLrdsa] ftuesa cPpksa ds ifjokj] vklikl ds ifjos'k ls tqM+h dgkfu;k¡] i'kq&if{k;ksa ls tqM+h dFkk,¡ lquh gqbZ dgkfu;k¡] y;c) jpuk,¡ vkfn gks ldrh gSaA d{kk rhu ls ik¡p ds Lrj ij lkgl o jgL; ls tqM+h dgkfu;k¡] gkL; cks/k] ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;k¡] okLrfod thou ls tqM+h dgkfu;k¡ vkfn gks ldrh gSaA d{kk Ng ls vkB ds Lrj ij fd'kksj oxZ ds eqís] ç—fr] vkRedFkk] nksLrh] jgL;] ;k=k o.kZu] gkL; vkfn ls tqM+h iqLrdksa dk p;u fd;k tk ldrk gSA cPpksa ds fy, lwpukRed iqLrdksa esa bl ckr ij /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd fdrkc dh vo/kkj.kk dks cPpksa ds Lrj ij dSls çLrqr fd;k x;k gS\ ftls cPps vius iwoZ vuqHkoksa ls vklkuh ls tksM+ ikrs gSaA bu fdrkcksa esa rF;ksa dks Hkh lgh :i ls çLrqr djus ij Hkh /;ku nsuk pkfg, rFkk cgqr rduhdh 'kCnkoyh ls cpuk pkfg,A vo?kkj.kkvksa dks Li"V djus fy, ukVd o ;k=k o.kZu dh fo/kkvksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS A IykWV o pfj= dgkuh dh 'kq#vkr ,slh gks fd ikBd esa 'kq: ls gh mRlqdrk iSnk djsa vkSj ikBd 'kq: ls gh dgkuh ls tqM+ko eglwl djsaA dgkuh dh IykWV dqN bl çdkj dh gks fd pfj=ksa ls ifjfpr djk,] leL;k dks mHkkjs rFkk var esa leL;k dk ,d larks"ktud gy Hkh çLrqr djsA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh lkspk tk ldrk gS fd dksbZ t:jh ugha fd gj iqLrd esa dksbZ gy gksA dqN dgkfu;k¡ ^vksisu ,aMsM* Hkh gks ldrh gSaA ;g dgkuh ij Hkh fuHkZj gSA dgkuh ds pfj= esa ,sls xq.k gksa fd os cky ikBdksa dks jkspd yxasA bu lcds fy, cPpksa ds vuqHkoksa o mudh i`"BHkwfe dk cM+k egÙo gksrk gSA ,slk dbZ ckj vklkuh ls ns[kk tkrk gS fd dqN IykWV cPpksa dh i`"BHkwfe ls vklkuh ls ugha tqM+ ikrsA blh dkj.k muls esy fcBkuk cPpksa ds fy, eqf'dy gksrk gSA

ykyw vkSj ihyw & ohuk HkkfV;k Hkksiky ds efgyk psruk&eap ds yfuaZx lsaVj esa iqLrdky; dh xfrfof/k;k¡ jkspd gqvk djrh FkhA ogk¡] f'kf{kdk vtjk ds lkFk iqLrdky; esa cPpksa ds lkFk dke djrs gq, eSaus ns[kk fd i<+uk lh[k jgs cPps fdrkcksa ls viuk tqM+ko dSls cuk ysrs FksA ml le; iqLrdky; esa djhc 50 fdrkcsa j[kh FkhaA bu fdrkcksa es cPps fp= ns[krs] dqN 'kCn i<+rs vkSj lquh gqbZ dgkuh dks m¡xyh j[kdj i<+rs FksA dqN fdrkcksa dh dgkfu;k¡ mUgsa ;kn gks xbZ Fkha] ftuesa ^ykyw vkSj ihyw*] ^fcYyh ds cPps*] ^eSa Hkh*] ^cqf<+;k dh jksVh*] ^fjcu*] ^lksukyh dk fe=* vkfn çeq[k FkhaA ;s cPps fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth nksukas Hkk"kkvksa esa viuh i<+kbZ djrs FksA iqLrdky; eas ^ykyw vkSj ihyw* fdrkc lHkh cPps i<+uk pkgrs FksA ftl fdlh ds gkFk esa ;g fdrkc yx tkrh og mls mBk ysrk] pkj&ik¡p cPps vkl ikl cSB tkrs vkSj lc feydj ml fdrkc dks i<+rsA tqykbZ ls vDVwcj vkrs&vkrs lc cPpksa us ;g fdrkc i<+ yhA 41 cPpksa dh d{kk esa ,d Hkh cPpk ,slk ugha Fkk( ftls ^ykyw vkSj ihyw* dh dgkuh ugha vkrh gksA cPps bl dgkuh ij ukVd djrs FksA mudh ukVd dh Hkk"kk bl çdkj gksrh Fkh& ykyw vkSj ihyw Vw cznlZA ykyw Qkm.M ,d phyh dk VªhA fQj ykyw bZV phyh vkSj fpYykus yxk& cgqr phyh yx jgh gSA ihyw lk fgeA gh Vwd ihyk xqM+A ykyw bZV xqM+A nksuksa gSIih&gSIihA eEeh yo ykyw ,.M ihywA Ldwy esa vkB ekg ds nkSjku cPpksa us cgqr&lh fdrkcksa dh dgkfu;k¡ lquha vkSj i<+ha] ij fdlh fdrkc ls ,slk tqM+ko ns[kus dks ugha feykA eSa vDlj lksprh jgh gw¡ fd bl fdrkc esa ,slk D;k gS] ftlls ;g cPpksa dks csgn ilan vkrh gS! eSa bl urhts ij igq¡ph gw¡ fd ;g ,d NksVh lh dgkuh gSA blds ik= eqxhZ ds nks pwtksa vkSj mudh ek¡ ls NksVs cPps lgt gh fj'rk cuk ysrs gSaA dgkuh esa mifLFkr gqbZ leL;k eq¡g tyuk bruh vke gS fd dHkh uk dHkh gj cPps dk blls lkeuk gqvk gSA dgkuh esa ;g ,d gh ?kVuk gS vkSj bldk vUr lq[kn gSA cPpksa ds chp ^ykyw vkSj ihyw* dh yksdfç;rk ls eSaus lh[kk fd i<+uk lh[k jgs cPpksa ds fy, fdl rjg dh dgkfu;k¡ csgrj gks ldrh gSa vkSj cky&ikBdksa ds fy, fdrkc pqurs le; fdu ckrksa dk fo'ks"k :i ls [;ky j[kk tk ldrk gSA Jherh ohuk HkkfV;k fiNys 29 lkyksa ls ,dyO; esa gSaA çkFkfed f'k{kk] iqLrdky; o Ldwy liksVZ dk;ZØe eas dke fd;k gSA lEidZ& ,dyO;] bZ&10] 'kadj uxj] chMh, dkWyksuh] Hkksiky

Òk"kk&c¨yh

mnkgj.k ds fy, ns[ksa&dFkk }kjk çdkf'kr iqLrd ^xsan LoxZ*A dgkuh esa leL;k dks mHkkjrs le; ;g /;ku j[kk tk, fd og fo'oluh; gks o cPps mlls tqM+ ldsaA vxj dYiuk Hkh gS] rc Hkh mldk viuk rdZ gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa cPps viuk tqMko cuk ldsaA blds lkFk pfj= Hkh jkspd gksa] ftuls cPps tqM+ ldsaA IykWV o pfj=ksa dks Hkh vk;q oxZ ds vuqlkj tfVyrk çnku dh tk ldrh gSA 'kq:vkrh Lrj ij cPpksa ds fy, muds vklikl o [kqn ls tqM+s vuqHkoksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa ls tqM+s pfj= o ,d ?kVuk okys IykWV gks ldrs gSaA d{kk rhu ls ik¡p ds cPps ds fy, cPpksa ls tqM+s pfj=] jkstejkZ ds thou ls tqM+h ?kVuk,¡] QSaVlh vkfn gks ldrh gSaA cM+s cPpksa ds fy, dbZ ?kVukvksa o vf/kd pfj=ksa okys IykWV gks ldrs gSa] tks fHkUu txgksa o fHkUu dky ds Hkh gks ldrs gSaA vxj ge cPpksa dh dqN vPNh fdrkcksa ij xkSj djsaxs rks mlesa gj Lrj ij tqM+ko dh xqatkb'k fn[ksxh pkgs og fdrkc dh fo"k;oLrq gks ;k mlds pfj= ;k mldh Hkk"kk ;k mldk IykWVA ;s fdrkcsa pkgs ^fcYyh ds cPps* ;k ^:ik gkFkh* gks ;k ^ykyw&ihyw* ;k ^fiIih yEch eksts* ;k ^D;ksa&D;ksa Nksjh* vkfnA lwpukRed iqLrdksa esa bl ckr ij /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd rF;ksa dk çLrqrhdj.k bl rjg dh gks ftlls cPps çLrqr vo/kkj.kk ls tqM+ ldsa vkSj mlesa vius vuqHko tksM+ ldsaA fp=kadu o fMtkbu

fdrkcksa ds fp=ksa dks cPpksa ds fy, ,d ^fotqvy ikB~;* ds :i esa ns[kuk pkfg,A blds varxZr ;g le>us dk ç;kl djuk pkfg, fd cPpksa ds fy, fdlh fdrkc dks vkd"kZd cukus ds fy, mlds fp=kaduksa dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA fdrkc ds fp= ,sls gksa] tks dsoy dgkuh u crk,¡] cfYd mls foLrkj Hkh çnku djsaA os cPpksa ds vuqHkoksa o dYiukvksa ls Hkh tqM+saA fdrkcksa ds fp= dgkuh ds vuqlkj dYiuk'khy o ;FkkFkZoknh gks ldrs gSaA fdrkcksa ds fp=kadu ds lanHkZ esa ;g ckr Hkh mHkjrh gS fd vf/kdrj ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd bu fdrkcksa ds fp= fLFkj gksrs gSa vkSj mlesa cPpksa dks lkspus ds cgqr ekSds ugha feyrsA ,slk yxrk gS fd os dsoy [kkukiwfrZ ds fy, mlesa j[ks x, gSaA cPpksa ds fdrkcksa ds foLrkfjr fp=kadu mUgsa [kkstchu dk ekSdk çnku djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ge us'kuy cqd VªLV }kjk çdkf'kr iqLrd

Òk"kk&c¨yh

^pkSng pwgs ?kj cukus pys* ds fp=kadu dks ns[k ldrs gSaA blds fp=kadu dkQh fooj.kkRed gSA ;s fooj.k cPpksa dks vkxs lkspus o [kkstus dk ekSdk çnku djrs gSaA buesa ckjhfd;k¡ Hkh gSaA ;g Hkh /;ku nsus dh t:jr gS fd cPpksa ds fdrkcksa ds fp=kadu esa fofo/krk gks ldrh gS vkSj mudh vyx&vyx 'kSfy;k¡ Hkh gks ldrh gSaA bu fPk=ksa ds ek/;e ls cPpksa esa lkSUn;Zcks/k dk fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdrkc ds ys vkmV esa ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, ;g cgqr ?kuk u gksA fdrkc esa fp=kaduksa ds Åij fy[kkoV ls cpuk pkfg,A Hkk"kk cPpksa dh fdrkcksa dh Hkk"kk esa lgt çokg gksA Hkk"kk —f=e u gksA bl ckr ij Hkh /;ku nsuk t:jh gS fd vf/kdrj ;g lksp jgrh gS fd cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa NksVs okD; gksus pkfg,A NksVs okD; cPpksa ds fy, vklku gksaxs] tcfd ,slh ckr ugha gSA ;g le>uk pkfg, fd dbZ ckj NksVs okD;ksa ls vFkZ Li"V ugha gksrk vkSj okD; cukoVh Hkh gks tkrs gSaA bl dkj.k bl ckr ij /;ku nsuk pkfg, fd okD;ksa esa vFkZ Li"V gks jgk gS ;k ughaA cPpksa dh fons'kh vuwfnr fdrkcksa esa vf/kdrj ;g ns[kus dks feyrk gS fd fdrkcksa dh Hkk"kk cgqr lgt ugha ekywe iM+rh] muesa ,d —f=e Hkk"kk fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa ekud Hkk"kk ds lkFk muds LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ds 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx Hkh gks ldrk gSA buls dksbZ ijgst ugha djuk pkfg,A LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ds ç;ksx ls Hkk"kk le`) gh curh gSA cM+s cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa yEcs okD;ksa o eqgkojksa vkfn dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds vykok Hkk"kk esa u,iu dk vglkl fnykus okyh fdrkcksa ls Hkh cPpksa dks ifjfpr djkuk pkfg, tSls fd fouksn dqekj 'kqDy dh fdrkc ^gjs ?kkl dh >ksiM+h o ckSuk igkM+*A i<+uk lh[k jgs cPpksa ds fy, Hkk"kk esa okD;ksa] 'kCnksa dk nksgjko Bhd jgrk gSA cPps bls ilan Hkh djrs gSaA ;g dgkuh ij Hkh fuHkZj jgrk gSA buls cPpksa dks i<+uk lh[kus esa enn feyrh gSA cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa Hkk"kk dks nks rjg ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ,d rks lkfgfR;d utfj, ls rFkk nwljk i<+uk lh[kuk ds utfj, lsA lkfgR; ds utfj, ls ns[ksa rks Hkk"kk dgkuh dks le`) cukrh gSA cPps blds ek/;e ls dgkuh dk vkuan ysrs gSA vxj ge i<+uk lh[k jgs cPpksa ds lanHkZ esa fdrkcksa dks ns[ksa rks NksVs cPp¨a dh

fdrkcksa esa Hkk"kk dk nksgjko cPpksa dks vuqeku yxkus ds ekSds çnku djrk gSA tks muds i<+uk lh[kus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA ewY; vxj ge viuh cpiu dh i<+h gqbZ dgkfu;ksa vkSj cky iqLrdksa dks ;kn djsa rks ge vf/kdrj dgkfu;ksa dh vafre iafä esa ;g i<+rs Fks fd bl dgkuh ls ;g f'k{kk feyrh gSA blds ihNs ekU;rk ;g Fkh fd dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa dks uSfrd ewY;ksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, gh fy[kh tkrh gSaA ,slk dqN gn rd 'kk;n vHkh Hkh lkspk tkrk gSA blds ihNs fdlh gn rd vkSifuosf'kd –f"V Hkh gS] ftlesa f'k{kk ds tfj, ge ,d ^vPNs ukxfjd* x<+us dh dYiuk djrs gSaA vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu esa ^vPNs ukxfjd* dk vFkZ ;g fy;k tkrk jgk gS tks ^jkT;* ;k ^O;oLFkk* dk dguk ekusA mu ij dksbZ loky u mBk,A ijarq vkt ge ,d Lora= yksdrkaf=d jk"Vª gSaA blds fy, gesa viuh f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa ,d ^foosd'khy ukxfjd* ds fodflr gksus dh laHkkouk,¡ cukuh gksaxh] tks fdlh Hkh yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk ds fy, vko';d gSA ^foosd'khy ukxfjd* og gksxk tks lgh& xyr ds QdZ ij ,d [kqys fnekx ls fopkj dj ldsA bl ut+fj, ls lkspsa rks cPpksa dh fdrkcksa dks ç'u iwNus] [kqn ls lkspus] leL;kvksa dks fofHkUu ut+fj, ls ns[kus] [kkstchu djus] dYiuk djus dh fn'kk esa cPpksa dks çsfjr djuk pkfg,A gekjs cpiu dh cky iqLrdksa esa [kkl rjg dh jk"Vªoknh Hkko dk çHkko cgqr lkQ fn[krk FkkA bu iqLrdksa esa jk"Vªçse o ns'kHkfä ds ewY;ksa ij tksj fn;k tkrk jgkA budks /;ku esa j[kdj dfork,¡] dgkfu;k¡] fdrkcsa çdkf'kr gqbZaA ;s jpukvksa 'kk;n gh fdlh O;kid vkykspukRed –f"V ls lkspus vkSj fopkj djus dh fn'kk esa vxzlj djrh gSA çk;% ;s jpuk,¡ bl fu"d"kZ rd ys tkrh gSa fd ge vPNs gSa vkSj gekjk ns'k] gekjh Hkk"kk o laL—fr gh lcls vPNh gS vkSj ckdh lc nks;e gh gSA orZeku lanHkZ esa gesa ;g Hkh le>uk gksxk

fd ge ,d yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk esa jgrs gSaA mldk ,d lafo/kku gSA lerk] U;k;] ÄeZfujis{krk tSls dqN laoS/kkfud ewY; gSaA bu laoS/kkfud ewY;ksa dks f'k{kk ds tfj, gh iksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl dkj.k bu ewY;ksa dks cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A rHkh Hkkjr tSls ,d cgqHkk"kh&cgqlkaL—frd ns'k esa tkrh; o ySafxd Hksnksa] 'kgjh&xzkeh.k] vehj&xjhc vkfn ds chp cjkcjh dk Hkko iuisxkA vxj uSfrd ewY;ksa ds fodkl dh ckr djsa] rks gesa ;g le>uk pkfg, fd budk fodkl gksuk ,d tfVy çfØ;k gSA ;s fujis{k ewY; Hkh ugha gSaA bUgsa cPpksa dh fdrkcksa esa tkucw>dj j[kuk ;k <w¡<+uk mfpr ugha gSA gk¡] ;g t:j gS fd ^vPNh f'k{kk* o ^vPNh iqLrdksa* ds ek/;e ls bu ewY;ksa ds çfr ,d O;kid –f"Vdks.k t:j fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl dkj.k ge Ldwyh f'k{kk ds }kjk ,d ikBd ds fodkl dh ckr Hkh djrs gSaA gesa ;g Hkh lkspuk pkfg, fd gekjs ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa vf/kdrj xjhc o nfyr cPps] tutkrh; {ks= ds cPps] yM+fd;k¡] vYila[;d cPps i<+rs gSaA fodykax cPps Hkh i<+rs gSaA bu cPpksa ds thou o lekt ds çfr ,d laosnu'khy utfj, dks mHkkjus okyh fdrkcksa dks iqLrdky; esa txg nsuh pkfg,A bu ewY;ksa dks fdrkcksa dh dgkfu;ksa o fp=ksa esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A fu"d"kZ vkf[kj esa ge dg ldrs gSa fd cPpksa dh vPNh fdrkcksa dk p;u djrs gq, ge dqN ewyHkwr ckrksa ij /;ku j[k ldrs gSa] ftudh ppkZ bl vkys[k esa dh xbZ gSA ,slk Hkh ugha fd ,d gh fdrkc esa ;s lc ckrsa gesa fey tk,¡] ijarq buesa ls dqN&dqN rÙo rks fdrkc esa gksus gh pkfg,A bu ckrksa dk /;ku j[krs gq, ge cPpksa dh fdrkcksa ij ,d lkFkZd fopkj&foe'kZ dh 'kq:vkr dj ldrs gSaA

deys’k paæ tks’kh foxr 20 o”kksZa ls izkFkfed f’k{kk ds {ks= ls xgjk tqM+koA izkFkfed f’k{kk ls tqMs+ fofHkUu igyqvksa ‘kq:vkrh lk{kjrk] f’k+{kd&f’k{kk] cky lkfgR; o Ldwy iqLrdky; vkfn esa xgjh #fpA iwoZ esa ^izkjEHk ‘kSf{kd laokn* uked ‘kSf{kd if=dk dk laIkknuA orZeku esa vthe izseth QkmaMs’ku] nsgjknwu esa dk;ZjrA lEidZ% 09456591206 Òk"kk&c¨yh

dfork

Ldwy dh dfork &dqynhi

xxZ

Ldwy esa eaSus fpfM+;k¡ dks ns[kk [ksyrs gq, cPpksa ds lkFk og d{kk dh Qwl dh Nr esa cSBh pgpgkrh rks dHkh uhps cPpksa ds lewg esa cSB tkrh cPpksa dh fdrkcksa ij pksap ekjrh rks dHkh Åij ls cSBh] 'kkar rkdrh jgrh cPps 'kksj epkrs rks og Hkh tksj ls pgpgkrh nksigj <y jgh Fkh 'kkyk can gksus dks Fkh cPpkas us fdrkcsa] dkWih] isafly vyekjh esa j[kh nfj;ksa dks mBk;k] rg fd;k f'k{kd dh enn ls vkSj j[k fn;k ,d dksus esa fQj lcus& cPpksa us] f'k{kdksa us yxk;h >kMw( feêh mM+h cPpkas us tks ikuh ihus ds fy;s ?kM+kas esa lqcg Hkjk Fkk] fNM+d fn;k mls çkax.k esa vkSj 'kksj dks vius lkFk ysdj os ?kj pys x, vius lkFk os Ldwy dk iwjk thou ys x, mRlkg] g¡lh] ph[k] maex] Hkkx&nkSM+] eLrh lc ys x, vkSj oks fpfM+;k¡\ oks Hkh pyh x;h! ;fn dqN cpk Fkk] rks cl ,d xgu pqIih vkSj cPpksa ds fNM+ds gq, ikuh ls gqbZ ue feêh dh lksa/kh [kq'kcwA Òk"kk&c¨yh

laidZ % dqynhi xxZ lhfu;j ,lksf'k,V Qsyks n ,dsfMfed fjlkslZ ;wfuV] fnxUrj VksMh jetkuhiqjk] [kks ukxksfj;u jksM txriqjk] t;iqj

fQYe funsZ'kd vkSj vfHkus=h ufUnrk nkl us :e Vw jhM }kjk 2012 esa izdkf'kr iqLrdksa dks cPpksa ds gkFkksa esa lkSaik

Òk"kk&c¨yh