ADVANCED RESEARCH STRATEGIES

ADVANCED RESEARCH STRATEGIES K J

CONTENTS Possible Questions & Specific Aims

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Statistics !

Survey - 7.12.13 !

Interview with Pure Gym Manager !

History of Training !

Researching Existing Fitness Centres !

Influences and Inspirations !

Researching Areas Within Fitness !

Functional Training !

Fitness Spaces and Equipment !

Comparing Location Options !

Finalising The Question !

Brief !

Gantt Chart !

Research Infographic !

Useful Sources !

Reference !

Biblography

3 - 4

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5 - 12 !

13 - 27 !

28 - 34 !

35 - 40 !

41 - 45 !

46 - 52 !

53 - 62 !

63 - 68 !

69 - 75 !

76 - 90 !

91 !

92 - 98 !

99 - 100 !

101 - 103 !

104 - 105 !

106 - 107 !

108 - 109

POSSIBLE QUESTIONS 1.

Is there an alternative to traditional training areas/methods to encourage both adults and children to become more active?

2.

Is there a way of getting both adults and children more physically fit by changing certain elements within a gym environment?

3.

How can we adapt current training spaces to something more motivating for both adults and children to improve their health and fitness?

SPECIFIC AIMS I want to address issues within society such as:

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- Obesity on the rise in both adults and children

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- Decrease in fitness levels due to modern sedentary lifestyles

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- Lack of awareness within health and fitness

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My main objectives for choosing this topic is to improve my skills on:

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- Brand touch points

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- Behavioural change

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- Transformation and use of space

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I am also doing this to:

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- Gain a sense of accomplishment

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- Widen my knowledge in this subject area

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- Put my own touch on a something I am personally passionate about

STATISTICS

ADULT STATISTICS The proportion of overweight and obese people has increased from 58% of men and 49% of women in 1993 to 65% of men and 58% of women in 2011.

(Hscic.gov.uk, 2013)

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In 2011/12, 15.5 million adults participated in sport at least once a week for 30 minutes at moderate intensity. This equated to 36% of adults (41% of men and 31% of women).

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet, 2013)

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Research has proved that modern sedentary lifestyles have a huge impact on the BMI of a human. A report by the government shows the average total sedentary time varied by BMI category.

The proportion of adults who spent more than four hours of sedentary time per weekday and weekend day increased as the BMI category increased.

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013, 2013, p.34)

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Accelerometer data for adults shows that in 2008, those who were not overweight or obese spent fewer minutes on average in sedentary time (591 minutes for men, 577 minutes for women) than those who were obese (612 minutes for men, 585 minutes for women).

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013, 2013, p.35)

CHILD STATISTICS The relationship between sedentary time and BMI category in adults is also seen in children.

If a child spends a longer proportion of time doing sedentary activities, they are more likely to be classed in a BMI category of overweight or obese.

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013, 2013, p.24)

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Children now spend more than seven and a half hours a day in front of a screen.

(Media in the lives of 8-18 year olds, 2010)

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‘Youth who spend more time with media report lower grades and lower levels of personal contentment’ (Media in the lives of 8-18 year olds, 2010)

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The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) 2007 report states a positive finding from their research (P.241); The proportion of children stating they would like to do more physical activity than at present was higher in the obese BMI category than in the healthy group.

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013, 2013, p.25)

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Unfortunately, there is a lack of awareness of a weight problem among some children.

A report of the HSE 2009 report states that they found 33% of obese boys and 22% of obese girls who considered themselves as the correct weight for their age.

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013, 2013, p.26)

AMERICAN STATISTIC ! !

In 2011, around three in ten boys and girls (aged 2 to 15) were classed as either overweight or obese (31% and 28% respectively), which is very similar to the 2010 findings (31% for boys and 29% for girls).

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet, 2013) The above statistic is about children in America, as you can see no improvement had been made in the year 2011 to reduce the amount of overweight and obese children there were.

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United Kingdom do not want to end up with statistics like this so action needs to be taken now to tackle child obesity in order to prevent facts like this from happening to children in the UK.

CHILD FITNESS It is proven that child obesity is increasingly on the rise along with youth inactivity. These are issues that have never been higher on the public agenda.

‘In 2009, nearly 4,000 young people needed hospital treatment for problems complicated by being overweight compared with just 872 in 2000.’

(Briggs, 2013).

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The generation of children today are surrounded by technology such as games consoles and smart phones making playing outside a thing of the past. This is an extremely big problem and distraction that is leading to more and more children becoming overweight as they are shunning traditional outdoor games that encouraged physical activity and favouring the latest pieces of technology.

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‘To stay healthy, children and young people need to do at least an hour of physical activity’ (Roberts, 2013).

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A report from BBC News by Fergus Walsh states that parental input is crucial in order to motivate children in being more active.

‘Parents who set an example and do exercise tend to have more active children.’

(Walsh, 2013).

PARENTS INFLUENCE The Health and Social Care Information Centre found that more children met the physical activity recommendations for children if their parents did so for adults.

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More boys and girls were in the low activity category if their parents were also in that group themselves.

(Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013, 2013, p.41)

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The NHS advice for parents information page states that one of the best ways for parents to instil good habits in their children is to be a good role model as children learn by example. Making children realise that being active is fun by doing the activity themselves is the best way to encourage children to do the same. ‘Any changes you make to your child’s diet and lifestyle are much more likely to be accepted if the changes are small and involve the whole family.’ (Nhs.uk, 2013)

NHS COSTING The large population of people who are overweight and obese in the United Kingdom are not only causing huge health implications to themselves, they are also creating a colossal impact on the NHS.

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In 1998, obesity and being overweight was costing the NHS ÂŁ479.3 million.

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Now, in 2013, the health problems associated with being overweight or obese cost the NHS more than ÂŁ5 billion which is an extreme rise!

(Gov.uk, 2013)

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES

(Gov.uk, 2011)

SURVEY - 7.12.13

FITNESS SURVEY QUESTIONS

SURVEY RESULTS In total, there were 60 people who completed the fitness survey.

22 were Male and 38 were Female.

33 use a gym and 27 do not use a gym.

The received results are crucial in taking the research stage further and finalising certain areas.

A number of charts have been created to display the most important information from the survey.

AGE GROUPS 10% 7%

30%

17%

37%

16 21 26 36 46

+

20 25 35 45

IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE COMPARED TO THE AMOUNT OF EXERCISE 2%

5% 18%

28%

HOW IMPORTANT IS EXERCISE TO YOU?

48% VERY IMPORTANT MODERATELY IMPORTANT SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT NOT AT ALL IMPORTANT

27% 32% HOW OFTEN DO YOU EXERCISE PER WEEK?

40% 0-1 2-3 4-5 6+

40

TYPE OF EXERCISE PEOPLE DO

30

PLAY TEAM SPORT

OTHER*

CYCLE

DANCE

SWIM

RUN

0

WALK

10

LIFT WEIGHTS

20

* Pole Fitness - Horse Riding - Indoor April and Outdoor Rock Climbing -Yoga Fitness Classes

40

MAIN REASONS PEOPLE EXERCISE

OTHER*

TRAIN FOR COMPETITION

DO NOT EXERCISE

GAIN STRENGTH

0

LOOK BETTER

10

LOSE WEIGHT

20

IMPROVE HEALTH AND FITNESS

30

* Reduce stress / take mind off things - To get to work and socialise

AMOUNT OF PEOPLE THAT USE A GYM

45% 55%

YES

NO

8

4

0

DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO IN GYM CANNOT GO DUE TO HEALTH PROBLEMS/ INJURIES

SELF CONSCIOUS

DO NOT NEED GYM TO DO EXERCISES

DO NOT ENJOY THE GYM

GYM MEMBERSHIP TOO EXPENSIVE

TOO BUSY TO GO

REASONS PEOPLE DON’T USE A GYM

16

12

MAIN ATTRACTION TO A GYM 2%3% 13%

24% RANGE OF EQUIPMENT RANGE OF CLASSES PRICE AESTHETICS CRECHE CHILD CARE OTHER*

34%

23%

* Indoor Climbing Wall, Free Wifi, Fresh Food - Atmosphere - Opening Times How Close And Easy The Gym Is To Access

EXTRA QUESTIONS WOULD YOU BE OPEN TO THE IDEA OF TRAINING IN AN UNTRADITIONAL GYM FACILITY? YES NO WOULD YOU USE ALTERNATIVE METHODS RATHER THAN TRADITIONAL METHODS IF YOU WOULD STILL ACHIEVE YOUR FITNESS GOALS? YES

WOULD YOU BE INTERESTED IN AN AREA THAT IS AVAILABLE TO HIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP USE? YES NO WOULD YOU ATTEND A FITNESS CENTRE WHERE EQUIPMENT REGENERATES ENERGY WHILST IN USE? YES NO DO YOU THINK IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO CREATE AN AREA WITHIN A FITNESS CENTRE WHERE FAMILIES CAN EXERCISE TOGETHER TO ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO BECOME MORE ACTIVE?

YES NO

0

60

FACILITIES PEOPLE WANT… - Stretching area !

- Dance studio !

- POLE DANCING STUDIO -

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- Open areas for Olympic Lifting -

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- Areas for bodyweight/calisthenics such as bouldering walls/parkour walls -

-

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- INDOOR CLIMBING WALL !

- Large open space for team sports !

Takeshi’s castle/total wipeout style bouncy assault course !

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- Trainers with persistence to encourage the customers to continue their training -

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- PHYSIOTHERAPIST !

- Individual changing facilities with hairdryers !

- Leisure area to socialise with members/instructors - CAFE AREA -

-

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Juice/protein !

- WIFI -

bar -

OTHER COMMENTS… ‘Different varieties of equipment i.e. military training assault courses, log carrying etc. This will be great as you can train as teams and compete against each team.’

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‘The family area is a fantastic idea.’

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‘Question 15(family area) - That’s a fab idea!’

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‘Sounds great - good luck!’

CONCLUDING QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS My research survey clearly shows the reasons why people exercise and what attracts them to a fitness centre. The majority of participants stated that they felt exercise is moderately important element in their lifestyles and most partake in physical activity around 2-3 times per week.

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Walking and running proved the most popular form of activity with both male and female with both swimming and lifting weights closely followed. People stated the main three elements that attract them to a gym are; price range, range of equipment, and range of classes the gym offer. This provides vital information for what to prioritise when designing a fitness centre that will meet the requirements of potential customers.

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From the 60 participants that completed the survey, only 55% of people go to the gym/own a gym membership. A small number of people who do not go to the gym stated this is because they do not need the gym to do their form of activity i.e. rock climbing. However, my research shows that there is a relationship between the amount of exercise a person does and whether they own a gym membership or not.

A huge 27% of people only do physical activity up to a maximum of once a week and the majority of people in this category did not use a gym.

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The people who do not go to the gym were asked the reason for this. The main reason was because people are too busy to find time to go due to their lifestyle.

A large amount of people stated they simply do not enjoy going to the gym and some feel too self conscious of working out in front of others. These are both huge issues that need addressing as physical activity is such an important aspect in every human’s life in order to remain fit and healthy.

INTERVIEW WITH LLOYD JACKSON: MANAGER OF PURE GYM - 6/1/14

ABOUT LLOYD JACKSON

How many members do you currently have at PureGym? We have 4900 members, 150 of which joined in the past week (1/1/14-6/1/14) due to it being the start of the new year and people making new years resolutions to get fit.

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What is your target number of members?

6000 is our target number of members.

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How does PureGym have a 24/7 system in place?

To join PureGym, members have to be 18 years of age or older and they have to do an online PARQ questionnaire to ensure people are the right age and also have no health problems as our insurance doesn't it.

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How do you get away with not having any one on the gym floor throughout the night?

We have two first aid and fire evacuate trained staff on every night who are usually our cleaners. But the whole building has CCTV in every area which is hooked up to an external security company who watches the gym 24/7 and even more so at night. If the people watching the CCTV witnesses something suspicious they call us directly to tell us. Also, if someone is injured/needs help there are panic buttons throughout the gym that are linked to the security company, so if that is pressed by a member they answer the call and notify us in the gym as well as call emergency services if needed.

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What are your personal views of the 24/7 opening hours?

I think it’s a brilliant idea personally, but it can cause a few staffing issues within the rota and trying to find staff to work unsociable hours throughout the night.

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Does 24/7 attract customers to the gym?

Massively. Many people join us on the fact that we are open 24 hours, 7 days a week because its more convenient with their lifestyle. For example, our gym is most busiest between 5-6am to allow for people to train before they go to work whereas most gyms aren’t even open at that time. Having the 24/7 option also makes the ‘peak hours’ quiet here due to the fact people know they don’t have a to be out of the gym at certain times so they can train earlier/later without having to rush.

What do you know about child fitness?

I have a Level 2 qualification in child fitness with SHOKK called Adapting Fitness Training for Adolescents and on my course the instructor always said everything within the gym has to relate to children, for example, bright colours is something kids are quickly drawn to. Also shapes and objects is good to link in to the gym as it can act as a learning element as well as fitness. On the course, we were shown examples of kids gyms that had coloured areas, e.g green, that were related to all things green like apples and grass.

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A good thing to do is set up areas or classes for certain age ranges because it is very unlikely a 6 year old girl will be interested in the same thing that a 13 year old boy is.

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If I were to design an area for families to train together, would there be any information you could suggest to make this successful?

I would suggest having tutor lead sessions that are structured as this might be better to keep families engaged in activities, especially if they are inactive ‘unfit’ people. This would also be good for team type classes to get people to interact and build social skills as well as competing in teams.

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Functional training equipment could be good because both adults and children can use this. For example, you could have battle ropes that can be used for a game of ‘tug-of-war’, hurdles on the floor and make a circuit, and also flooring used for races etc.

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What would I have to consider when designing my gym if there are going to be children around?

If you are going to create an adult and child fitness centre, you need to consider the changing facilities and toilets as there will need to be separate areas away from adults for children to get changed due to child protection.

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Also need to have more than one member of staff on the floor at all times to supervise, these staff will have to be CRB checked.

What regulations are compulsory within a gym environment?

There aren’t that many rules and regulations as such but, duty of care documents like Risk Assessments are hugely important. Every new activity / class / piece of equipment we get has to be risk assessed before we can do anything with it.

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Why do your dumbbells in the free weights area only go up to 36KG? Throughout the night we generally only have two staff cleaners working, so if these cleaners are females we wouldn't want them to be tidying away big weights.

Also clientele base we attract would be different to that with heavier weights, and some people may be put off by the weight size.

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What is your reason for not having a large number of Olympic Bars?

We only have a small free weights area within the gym which unfortunately would not be big enough for more than what we have as there is not enough floor space; this is something to consider with Functional Training focused gym as it takes up a lot more space than the machines however, it is a lot cheaper to buy this sort of equipment than it is to buy the machines.

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What is the most expensive piece of equipment you have in the gym?

The Treadmill is probably the most expensive being around £7000 per machine, the Cross Trainers are around £4000 to buy from new.

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What is your view on mirrors in a gym?

Personally, I think mirrors are great and I’d have them everywhere if I could.

People think they’re put in to make the place look bigger and for people to pose in; they don’t realise mirrors are there to check your technique when doing an exercise which is incredibly important as it will reduce the risk of an injury.

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Is there any other information you can give me that might be useful?

Consider the use of reinforced sprung loaded flooring if the concept is on the upper levels of a building because the impact from someone running on a treadmill/ someone dropping weights on the floor is very noisy to the people below.

Another point to consider is that children can’t do repetitive jumping.

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Good luck!

EXAMPLE OF A RISK ASSESSMENT AT PURE GYM

All of the above information that I received from Lloyd is incredibly useful for taking my design further. He has given me some interesting ideas to research into further and also given me a greater understanding of a gym environment and what is needed to make a gym successful.

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My contact Lloyd has stated that he will always be available to me if I require any more information regarding fitness centres, as he has a wealth of knowledge and experience within the industry.

A HISTORY OF TRAINING

‘To understand where you are going, “Type a quote here.” you need to know where you have been.’

(Collins, 2012)

–Johnny Appleseed

GREEKS AND ROMANS •

Fitness training originated from the need to improve athletic performance of soldiers

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Ancient warriors and soldiers needed to improve strength in order to succeed in was and to make them survive.

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Fitness and strength endurance events were created, this lead to the creation of the Ancient Olympics.

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Skills needed to compete in these events included: - Boxing - Pentathlon (discus, javelin, jumping, running, wrestling) - Pankration (ancient mixed martial arts) - Equestrian events (chariot racing, riding)

(Collins, 2012)

VINTAGE TRAINING & PHYSICAL CULTURE •

In the late 19th Century and the early 20th Century, the concept of physical culture emerged which changed fitness.

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Physical culture is a health and strength training regimen. Schools were founded around the world to cater for this. Each school had different training systems such as: - Dancing

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- Gymnastics - Sports - Military training - Medical calisthenics (bodyweight exercises)

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People were able to see that physical culture improved health and physical appearance because books and magazines were published to the public displaying the effects.

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Many tools and equipment that were created at this time, are now the key tools being used in todays fitness centres. E.g. Dumbells, kettlebells, barbells and ropes.

(Collins, 2012)

UNCONVENTIONAL TRAINING •

Unconventional training (cave-man style) is becoming increasingly popular.

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Examples of unconventional training is:

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- Powerlifting methods (progressive resistance with chains, bands and sled training) - Strongman training (log bars, keg lifts, atlas stones etc.)

- Hammer slams, tyre flipping and sled pulling

Crossfit is a new style of fitness that is being used around the world now. Crossfit is a high density circuit sessions using Olympic lifting, gymnastics, kettlebell and suspension systems exercises (TRX).

(Collins, 2012)

EUGEN SANDOW Eugen Sandow, known as ‘the father of modern bodybuilding’, was an accomplished gymnast and wrestler in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century.

Sandow was the first athlete to make money and a comfortable living through displaying his physique and strength, this made him a well known celebrity of his day with women and men admiring his looks.

In 1897, Sandow created a gymnasium for bodybuilders in London called the Institute of Physical Culture. This included his own range of dumbbells, barbells and kettlebells as shown in the image to the left. He also invented patented exercise machines, and wrote his own books and magazines for the public.

(Collins, 2012)

Photographs of Eugen Sandow with his main equipment: the dumbbell, barbell and kettlebell.

RESEARCHING EXISTING FITNESS CENTRES

PureGym is a growing chain of fitness centres founded by Peter Roberts in September 2008.

It is open 24 hours 7 days a week, has low monthly fees and no fixed contract meaning members can cancel their membership any time they like. The 24/7 opening times give PureGym a great advantage compared to other fitness centres that do not have this option.

(Peter Roberts (FRICS), 2013)

‘We're Virgin Active. And we fit together.’ Virgin Active is an extremely successful chain of health and fitness centres that first launched in 1999 in the UK. It now has 270 clubs in 6 countries, making it a globally recognised brand. (Bourne, n.d.)

www.dwfitnessclubs.com

‘U ENERGY’ GYM IN DUBAI & BEIRUT

(Uenergy.me, n.d.)

INFLUENCES AND INSPIRATION

THE UPCYCLE ECO-CHARGER Adam Boesel is the inventor of The Green Microgym and Plugout Technology in USA. Boesel’s latest invention was The UpCycle Eco-Charger, which is a fitness bicycle that generates energy by human power. It pays for itself within 21 months of use and it also sends electricity back into the building that it is being used in.

The bike is on and off grid compatible. The Full Kit (with or without bike) comes with A 12 Volt off grid inverter, usb LED light, and energy monitor with handlebar attachment. It also has 3 prong and a USB outlets to charge phones, mp3 players etc. The cost for the full UpCycle Eco-Charger kit without the bike is around $1,250.00.

(The Green Microgym, 2012)

Green Fitness Studio is an eco friendly fitness centre in Brooklyn, New York.

To be environmentally friendly the centre has: •

Bamboo wood as flooring because it is one of the most sustainable woods on the market.

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Recycled rubber for their flooring in areas that need to resist heavy loads such as the weight area.

•

Remanufactured gym equipment that was once being thrown to a landfill site.

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A living roof for insulation to keep the gym cool.

(Greenfitnessstudio.com, 2009)

Lomax is a bespoke pay-as-you-go fitness, nutrition and wellness centre in Chelsea, London.

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Lomax has a private pod hire option within their gyms. These pods have been designed to allow for a quick change around of equipment depending on the members needs, making the pods more suitable for the users fitness goals.

The main advantage of using the pods is that there are no distractions and there is no waiting time for other equipment. They are available for public use at a price of ÂŁ10 for one hours use.

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This is a perfect concept for any innovative fitness and gym design to address the current issue of people being self-conscious of working out in front of others.

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(Lomaxpt, n.d.)

DavidBartonGym (DBGym), has ‘a focus on 3 things: 1. creating an exciting energy that affects one’s emotions and awareness 2. helping people get the body of their dreams 3. learning what every other “health club” was doing and then doing just the opposite.’

DBGym is a chain of ten fitness centres located throughout America. A number of DBGym’s were designed by William Sofield of Studio Sofield. (Davidbartongym.com, 2013)

Interior Design magazine featured DBGym in their article displaying the world’s most innovative ideas, concepts, and designs of the year. Looking at the internal images of DBGym’s and reading the information about them, it is obvious why they are so highly spoken of.

Each of the ten DBGym’s have slightly different interiors. The designer has taken inspiration from the local culture surrounding the gym, like punk and glam of the East Village, and incorporated it to the design of the gym’s in a unique modern way while still representing the brand identity of DavidBartonGym. The overall design of each DBGym is extremely stylish and has pure class making each area within the gym sophisticated.

DBGym understands ‘this is a place of transformation, meditation and socialisation’. The wide range of seating areas along with the DJ music in the gym encourage people to stay longer and almost make themselves at home. This makes fitness more inviting rather than being a ‘chore’. (Davidbartongym.com, 2013)

RESEARCHING AREAS WITHIN FITNESS

POLE FITNESS Pole dancing is an unusual, fun form of exercise that is becoming increasingly popular worldwide for both men and women. It is a way that people can express themselves in an artistic dance whilst gaining strength, flexibility and confidence at the same time.

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It is now regarded as a form of exercise rather than an erotic dance which it was once referred to.

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People can now gain qualifications within pole in order to teach others. There are also many competitions that take place around the world for any pole dancer to take part in. The categories for these competitions range from beginner to elite. The first ‘Miss Pole Dance World’ was held in November 2005 and the popularity of these competitions have risen dramatically.

Interesting report about pole dancing and what people do not know about pole dancing: http://www.news.com.au/ lifestyle/unknown-things-about-pole-dancing/storyfneszs56-1226795658666

POLE DANCING STUDIO EXAMPLES

PROFESSIONAL POLE DANCERS

Elena Gibson

Bendy Kate

Evgeny Greshilov

GO APE Go Ape is the UK’s number one forest adventure where adults and children from the age of 10 can do an assault course up in the trees whilst being surrounded by beautiful outdoor scenery. The pricing for the whole experience, usually lasting 2-3 hours, is between £24-32.

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Everyone has to have a safety briefing before beginning the course and they also have to wear a harness throughout so they are constantly intact with the safety wires above. However, these do not affect the feeling of totally being free up in the trees.

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Go Ape is a physical activity that has the main attraction of being fun, hence why it is such a popular activity day to do. It gives people the opportunity to conquer their fears of heights whilst still being safe. The whole assault course has a start and finish so it gives people a sense of accomplishment.

(Ltd, n.d.)

GO APE REVIEWS Gav - Tree Top Adventure, at Thetford, High Lodge, on 28 November 2013 I and my Explorer Scout Unit "Discovery" had an excellent experience.

Favourite was the large Tarzan swing. We all enjoyed that one and nobody whipped out. It was a windy day which added another dimension to the day and one bit of excitement was when one of the trees in the area decided to shed a branch!!! Safety Rangers were on the case and assessing whether to close the forest and made us more at ease. Thanks for a wonderful day :-)

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Gill - Tree Top Adventure, at Forest of Dean, on 15 November 2013 Great day out-good workout for us oldies and great fun for kids. Great that we went round as a family without instructor there but still felt safe. Zip wires and Tarzan swings favourites!

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Ian - Tree Top Adventure, at Cannock Chase, on 13 November 2013 I took my daughter on this course and we had so much fun. We have recommended it to all, and hope to come back with other members of our ape family.

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Louisa - Tree Top Junior, at Moors Valley Country Park, on 6 November 2013 fantastic family fun, great service and value for money, much better than a theme park

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Jean-luc - Tree Top Adventure, at Thetford, High Lodge, on 5 November 2013 being up there. I scuba dive - its a bit like that - being in a different habitat, doing something really cool, really challenging (I'm a little afraid of heights), getting over that, and really enjoying it. Oh, and seeing my kids being excellent at it, and pretty fearless.

(Ltd, n.d.)

CENTRE PARCS Centre Parcs is a holiday resort designed to bring families together and enjoy both outdoor facilities like archery and kayaking along with indoor leisure facilities. There are five locations of Centre Parcs throughout the UK; Cumbria, Nottinghamshire, Wiltshire, Suffolk, and Bedfordshire.

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Centre Parcs is set in huge complexes that are around 400 acres in size with accommodation such as villas, apartments and lodges. There are a range of restaurants, bars, retail outlets on site as well as Aqua Sauna Spa Facilities.

(Centerparcs.co.uk, n.d.)

(Centerparcs.co.uk, n.d.)

CENTRE PARCS FACILITIES

Tough Mudder速 events are outdoor obstacle courses designed by Special Forces made to peoples strength, stamina, determination, and camaraderie.

The course is run over 10-12 miles of uneven, hilly, wet ground and includes 20-25 military-style obstacles.

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Tough Mudder was founded by two Englishmen named Will Dean and Guy Livingstone whilst at Harvard Business School. Their first event was set in May 2010.

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The official website: http://toughmudder.co.uk includes information about the possible obstacles that could be on the course and it also has a range of exercises people can do to prepare for these obstacles before the event.

TOUGH MUDDER’S OBSTACLES

FUNCTIONAL TRAINING

“Functional Training gyms are a lot cheaper to kit out compared to a standard gym�

- Lloyd Jackson (Taken from interview 6/1/14)

‘TRX TRAINING’ EXPLAINS FUNCTIONAL TRAINING Main definition of functional training

(Trxtraining.com, 2005)

FUNCTIONAL TRAINING The idea behind Functional Training is to replicate the movements and actions of everyday life, and to improve upon them in regards to balance, technique, strength, composure and execution.

Functional areas are becoming increasingly popular within modern gyms. The diverse nature of the workouts and allows for dynamic and endless workout opportunities.

Functional areas allow users to create their own circuit training regimes, work individually, in pairs, or in groups to add new dimensions to their workout and has benefits beyond traditional methods, allowing for social integration, variety and progression.

While user may work in groups, there is a certain individualism to functional training that inspires progression and enjoyment. Varying equipment resistances, weights and sizes allow users to create their own workout regimes individual to their needs and requirements, with the opportunity to progress to higher levels.

(Anytimeleisure.co.uk, 2013)

QDOS Fitness is a new fitness centre in South Manchester that has a main focus on Functional Training.

It is a bespoke 11,000 sq ft facility that is split into two areas: The Arena and The Studio.

There is also space for outdoor training.

‘The Arena will host all the CrossFit, Strength and Conditioning, Strongman, Kettlebell and Bootcamp classes.

The Arena has a 14 metre long bespoke pull up rig designed by Bulldog Gear, Indoor and outdoor astro turf lanes for sled and prowler pushing and pulling, A peg board designed by the UK's Number 1 climber, 4000sq' of space for Olympic Lifting, Wall Ball, Gymnastics, Rowing, Ropes, Box Jumps etc. It also has a slide....just because we wanted one!’

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‘The Studio will host all the other classes we have to offer including Boxing, Martial Arts, Yoga, StreetFit and anything else we have a passion for.

The Studio looks quite As with the designed by (Qdosfitness.co.uk, 2013)

is a massive 4000sq' open space and different to "The Arena" downstairs. rest of the gym, the studio has been design company No Chintz, so expect a stylish yet cool look.’

SIX3NINE is a new high spec personal training driven gym in Covent Garden, London.

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‘At SIX3NINE we believe freedom of movement is the key to success for those wishing to improve their fitness. With this in mind we have created a bespoke area, free of traditional gym equipment, designed to allow our clients to move freely in as much space as possible.’

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The PRACTICE consists of zones, each of which provide a different focus. Guided by your trainer you will utilise each section, as appropriate for your program, to maximise successes and ensure you never have to queue for a machine again.

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The SIX3NINE floor comprises a high density rubber with customised markings designed to act as piece of fitness equipment, integral to your workout. From the 10 metre track, and clock face, to the agility ladder and TRX grading lines, these markings enable our trainers to utilise the PRACTICE in ways our clients least expect.’ (Six3Nine, 2013) www.six3nine.com

FITNESS SPACES AND EQUIPMENT

ZONING Effective gyms will place their equipment into zones.

Depending on specific customers, business goals and sectors, the balance of zones, in regards to size, shape and equipment will vary. For example, commercial gyms will focus on catering for everyone, so they will need a fine balance between the main zones - Cardio, Free Weights, Fixed Resistance and Functional/Stretch.

Whereas school gym’s primary focus will be creating a safe environment for the children, therefore the zone balance will be affected to accommodate these requirements. (Anytimeleisure.co.uk, 2013)

FLOORING The floor structure must be able to resist high dead loads imposed by the equipment, along with the potential for high live loads from: • Users • Accidental point load impact (e.g. dropping of free weights) • Dynamic effects (harmonic vibration from users on machines) Reference to British Standard BS 6399: Part 1 is essential.

Flooring will depend on the equipment that is in a gym. Different areas require different styles and thicknesses.

For example, the floor structure and finish in the free weights area must be able to absorb shocks safely from the risk of dropped weights causing substantial damage to structure or finishes. The finish should be able to recover from impacts without permanent deformation.

On the other hand, if there is an area for stretching, the flooring should be padded and soft. It should be slip, stain and static resistant and it resist deformation from compression.

(Anytimeleisure.co.uk, 2013)(Fitness and Exercise Spaces, 2008)

GENERAL EQUIPMENT WITHIN A GYM: CARDIOVASCULAR MACHINES • Treadmill • Bike • Cross Trainer • Stair Master • Stepper • Rowing machine

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FREE WEIGHTS • Dumbbells • Barbells • Weight plates • Kettlebells • Medicine balls • Squat rack • Benches

FIXED-PATH RESISTANCE MACHINES • Lat pulldown • Chest press • Shoulder press • Seated row • Leg press • Leg curl • Leg extension • Hip abductor • Hip adductor • Rotary calf machine • Ab crunch

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INNOVATIONS • Cable machine • TRX • Vipr • Powerplate

QUEENAX STUDIOSYSTEM

The Queenax Studio system is a piece of equipment created for functional training in gyms. Due to the design being over-head, there is still floor space underneath. This means that if the Queenax Studio system is not in use, the floor below can still be used for classes etc.

There are a number of different attachments that can be used with the Queenax Studio system; pole dancing poles, anti-gravity yoga equipment, suspended cables etc. ‘No matter what people are training for, be that strength, endurance, speed, coordination, flexibility and stability training, with its countless variants the Queenax Studio system can present an effective functional training solution.’ (HealthGauge.com, 2013) Link to Queenax online website: http://www.tf-studiosysteme.de/index.php?page=studio&cat=2&stl=queenax&qcat=start Link to a video explaining the Queenax Studio system: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afTmdlL0NZA (QueenaxTraining, 2011)

QUEENAX STUDIOSYSTEM TECHNICAL DRAWING

PDF Document for specification (more documents on their website): http://www.tf-studiosysteme.de/pdf/TheBridgeX2_en.pdf

SHOKK YOUTH GYM I am extremely interested in the SHOKKenergie Youth Gym as they are a company that only focuses on young people aged between 5-16 years old. Over 15 years of extensive researching, they have designed equipment specially made for children from cardiovascular machines to free weight equipment.

! ‘SHOKKenergie is far more than a youth gym. It is about making physical activity acceptable, fashionable and (although only adults would ever say it), cool.’ (Energiefranchise.com, 2012)

COMPARING LOCATION OPTIONS 1. The Hive, Manchester (The Hive Manchester, n.d.)

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2. Radium Street, Manchester (Lsh.co.uk, 2013)

1. THE HIVE, MANCHESTER The Hive is an award winning sustainable building in the heart of the popular Northern Quarter in Manchester City Centre designed by 5 Plus Architects. A large proportion of The Hive is built with recycled and recyclable construction materials.

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Case Study Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=s6HbwP5S5SY (RSAAccrediation, 2010)

Link to The Hive website for more information: http://www.thehivemanchester.com Link to The Hive PDF Document: http://thehivemanchester.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/thehive_brochure.pdf

FLOOR AVAILABILITY

These three floors are the most suitable for a fitness centre as they cover the most available areas. In total there is 25,200 sq ft available including an outdoor roof area which is perfect for outdoor activities or a cafe area.

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There is an open divide between floors which is the main constraint with this location. Although there is the possibility of only renting one half of each floor to allow for easier accessibility within the premises. This would create a total area of 12,600 sq ft.

This is an external image of The Hive which displays the three most suitable, available floors (mentioned on the above page). The outdoor roof area is easily noticeable from this view. Unfortunately they are not linked together with an undercover walkway but this is an option to consider to allow for a larger premises.

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ADDITIONAL IMAGES OF THE HIVE

Image of the outside area located on the fourth floor.

Internal images within The Hive - interior left as bare concrete to allow the tenant to design their facility; cutting costs and reducing the waste of materials.

SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN THE HIVE

Sustainability is an incredibly important factor within any creation.

The points above are all useful for an innovative new fitness centre.

The green arrows point to a few of the most beneficial for a gym environment.

THE HIVE BUILDING AWARDS

FLOOR PLANS: FOURTH FLOOR

FLOOR PLANS: FIFTH FLOOR

FLOOR PLANS: SIXTH FLOOR

THE HIVE LOCATION - In the heart of Northern Quarter, Manchester - Surrounded by office workers and residents - Piccadilly Train Station: 11 minutes walk - The Printworks: 10 minutes walk

2. RADIUM STREET, MANCHESTER !

46 Radium Street Ancoats Manchester M4 6AY

Link to Radium Street property: http://advertfiles.pl.artirix.com.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets/ 07a9353b-8b49-405f-9486-1b18b5066639.pdf

RADIUM STREET: Internal Images

Price: ÂŁ750,000.00 Size: 4864 Sq Ft

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Detached three-story Victorian property in the centre of Ancoats, Manchester.

Recently been converted from a former warehouse to office space but is suitable for other uses subject to planning.

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The property has perimeter trunking, central heating, fluorescent lighting, male and female toilets, shower facilities and a kitchen.

RADIUM STREET LOCATION

- Up to 5 minutes walk from all accommodation in Ancoats area - Surrounded by workers in the area - Piccadilly Train Station: 15 minutes walk - The Printworks: 17 minutes walk

FINALISING THE LOCATION ! !

The documents I have collated on both The Hive and Radium Street have been incredibly useful for me to compare the two and conclude which property I shall use in my final major.

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Although I love the exterior beauty from the Radium Street property, the interior is far too small for what I intend to create. This lack of space would be a huge limitation for my concept as I would like to be able to push myself in designing and adapting a huge space.

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Another disadvantage of using the Radium Street property is that it is in a more distant location than The Hive from Manchester City Centre and all public transport, therefore making it a slightly more difficult to get to.

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I have decided to use The Hive property, mainly due to the scope of space that is available, but also because of many other points: - There is the opportunity of using an outdoor area.

- The building is incredibly sustainable.

- There is 24/7 access to the building and also 24/7 security.

- It is only a short walk away from public transport.

- There is the availability of contractor car parking close by to The Hive.

- The area is currently empty and like a ‘blank canvas’, perfect for a new concept.

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So to sum it up, THE HIVE will be the location for my Final Major Concept.

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(I have received all the AutoCAD floor plan documents for The Hive from the agent.)

FINALISING THE QUESTION From my research and questionnaire results, the question that would be most suitable for my Final Major Project module would be‌ How can we adapt current training spaces to something more motivating for both adults and children to improve their health and fitness?

BRIEF

1

2

3

4

5

6

GANTT CHART FINAL MAJOR PROJECT SCHEDULE PLANNING

GANTT CHART CONTINUED… FINAL MAJOR PROJECT SCHEDULE PLANNING

RESEARCH INFOGRAPHIC

RESEARCH INFOGRAPHIC

RESEARCH INFOGRAPHIC CONTINUED…

RESEARCHING EXISTING LINKS TO ONLINE SOURCES OF EQUIPMENT WITH PRICES FITNESS CENTRES

GYM

http://www.anytimeleisure.co.uk/strength-equipment.html

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http://www.jordanfitness.co.uk

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http://www.lifefitness.co.uk/commercial.html

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http://uk.matrixfitness.com

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http://www.trxtraining.com/commercial

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http://www.rubberflooringuk.com/product-category/rubbergym-mats-gym-flooring/

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EXTRA BOOKS & DOCUMENTS THAT CONTAIN VITAL INFORMATION FOR MY PROJECT

RESEARCHING EXISTING !

FITNESS CENTRES

BOOKS: • Metric Handbook Littlefield, D. 2011. Metric handbook. New York: Routledge.

Health Clubs Architecture & Design Fogarty, K. H. 1998. Health clubs. Glen Cove, NY: PBC International.

•

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LINKS TO ONLINE PDF DOCUMENTS: • http://www.sportengland.org/media/32375/Fitness-and-exercise-spaces.pdf

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• http://www.bsigroup.com/LocalFiles/en-GB/industries-and-sectors/environmental-

management-and-sustainability/BSI-Sustainable-Business-Manual-UK-EN.pdf

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• http://www.tf-studiosysteme.de/pdf/TheBridgeX2_en.pdf

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PDF DOCUMENTS: • The British Standards Institution: Stationary Training Equipment Part 2 - Strength Training Equipment

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• The

British Standards Institution: Sports, Playground and Other Recreational Equipment

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• The

British Standards Institution: Sports Mats

• The

British Standards Institution: Gymnasium Equipment

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REFERENCE WEBSITE: • Bourne, T. n.d. The History of Virgin Active. [online] Available at: http://www.virginactive.com.sg/home/about_us/ history.aspx [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013]. http://advertfiles.pl.artirix.com.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets/ 07a9353b-8b49-405f-9486-1b18b5066639.pdf • Briggs, H. 2013. Rise in child obesity-related hospital admissions. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ health-22849112 [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

• Davidbartongym.com. 2013. David Barton Gym #LookBetterNaked. [online] Available at: http://www.davidbartongym.com [Accessed: 21 Dec 2013].

• Greenfitnessstudio.com. 2009. Green Fitness Studio. [online] Available at: http://www.greenfitnessstudio.com [Accessed: 21 Dec 2013].

• Lomaxpt. n.d. Lomax | Bespoke Fitness, Nutrition and Wellbeing. [online] Available at: http://www.lomaxpt.com [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

• Lsh.co.uk. 2013. 46 Radium Street, Ancoats. [online] Available at: http://www.lsh.co.uk/commercial-properties/freeholdleasehold/offices/46-radium-street-manchester-m4-6ay-15522 [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Ltd, A. n.d. What is Go Ape. [online] Available at: http://goape.co.uk/what-is-goape [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Ltd, A. n.d. Go Ape. What our Customers Think.. [online] Available at: http://goape.co.uk/feedback [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Nhs.uk. 2013. Latest obesity stats for England are alarming. [online] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/news/ 2013/02February/Pages/Latest-obesity-stats-for-England-are-alarming-reading.aspx [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

• Roberts, M. 2013. Children 'slower than parents were'. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-24998497 [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

• The Green Microgym. 2012. UpCycle Eco-Charger: turn your bike into a grid-tied bicycle generator. [online] Available at: http://www.thegreenmicrogym.com/electricity-generating-equipment/the-story-of-the-upcycle-eco-charger/ [Accessed: 21 Dec 2013].

• The Hive Manchester. n.d. Grade A Office Space Manchester at The Hive, Northern Quarter. [online] Available at: http:// www.thehivemanchester.com [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Walsh, F. 2013. Children and exercise. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-23778946 [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

RESEARCHING EXISTING FITNESS CENTRES

PDF: • • •

•

! !

Fitness and Exercise Spaces. 2008. [PDF] Sport England. Available through: sportengland.org http://www.sportengland.org/ media/32375/Fitness-and-exercise-spaces.pdf [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

Peter Roberts (FRICS). 2013. [PDF] Available through: Pure Gym https://www.puregym.com/downloads/PureGym_Peter-RobertsBiography.pdf [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet. 2013. [PDF] Available through: HICSC https://catalogue.ic.nhs.uk/ publications/public-health/obesity/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2013/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2013-rep.pdf [Accessed: 22 Dec 2013].

The Hive. n.d. [PDF] Available through: The Hive, Manchester http://thehivemanchester.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ thehive_brochure.pdf [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

! !

BOOK: • Collins, A. 2012. The complete guide to functional training. London: Bloomsbury.

• Rideout, Victoria J., Foehr, Ulla G., and Roberts, Donald F. Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. Rep. Menlo Park: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010.

REFERENCE

RESEARCHING EXISTING FITNESS CENTRES

WEBSITE: • Anytimeleisure.co.uk. 2013. Gym Design | Anytime Leisure. [online] Available at: http://www.anytimeleisure.co.uk/gymdesign [Accessed: 18 Dec 2013].

• Centerparcs.co.uk. n.d. Short Breaks, Weekend Breaks and Family Holidays UK | Center Parcs. [online] Available at: http:// www.centerparcs.co.uk [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Energiefranchise.com. 2012. SHOKKenergie | fitness for the next generation. [online] Available at: http:// www.energiefranchise.com/shokkenergie.html [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

• Gov.uk. 2013. Reducing obesity and improving diet - Policy - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/ policies/reducing-obesity-and-improving-diet [Accessed: 29 Dec 2013].

• Gov.uk. 2011. UK physical activity guidelines - Publications - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/uk-physical-activity-guidelines [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

• HealthGauge.com. 2013. Queenax Studiosystem - HealthGauge.com. [online] Available at: http://www.healthgauge.com/read/ queenax-studiosystem/ [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Hscic.gov.uk. 2013. Find data - Health & Social Care Information Centre. [online] Available at: http://www.hscic.gov.uk/ catalogue/PUB10364 [Accessed: 8 Jan 2014].

• Nhs.uk. 2013. Very overweight children - advice for parents. [online] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/ childhealth6-15/Pages/child-health-measurement-programme-very-overweight-advice.aspx [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013. 2013. [e-book] HSCIC. p. 24-41. Available through: HSCIC http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB10364/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2013-rep.pdf [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Six3Nine. 2013. Six3Nine. [online] Available at: http://www.six3nine.com/practice [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Trxtraining.com. 2005. Functional Training That Challenges Your Entire Body. [online] Available at: http:// www.trxtraining.com/functional-training [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Uenergy.me. n.d. U Energy Gym. [online] Available at: http://uenergy.me [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Qdosfitness.co.uk. 2013. The Future of Functional Fitness | QDos Fitness. [online] Available at: http:// www.qdosfitness.co.uk [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

! ! ! ! !

VIDEOS • RSAAccrediation. 2010. The Hive. [video online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6HbwP5S5SY [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

• QueenaxTraining. 2011. QUEENAX QMTS 2.0. [video online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afTmdlL0NZA [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITE: • Bourne, T. n.d. The History of Virgin Active. [online] Available at: http://www.virginactive.com.sg/home/about_us/ history.aspx [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013]. http://advertfiles.pl.artirix.com.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/assets/ 07a9353b-8b49-405f-9486-1b18b5066639.pdf • Briggs, H. 2013. Rise in child obesity-related hospital admissions. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ health-22849112 [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

• Davidbartongym.com. 2013. David Barton Gym #LookBetterNaked. [online] Available at: http://www.davidbartongym.com [Accessed: 21 Dec 2013].

• Greenfitnessstudio.com. 2009. Green Fitness Studio. [online] Available at: http://www.greenfitnessstudio.com [Accessed: 21 Dec 2013].

• Lomaxpt. n.d. Lomax | Bespoke Fitness, Nutrition and Wellbeing. [online] Available at: http://www.lomaxpt.com [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

• Lsh.co.uk. 2013. 46 Radium Street, Ancoats. [online] Available at: http://www.lsh.co.uk/commercial-properties/freeholdleasehold/offices/46-radium-street-manchester-m4-6ay-15522 [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Ltd, A. n.d. What is Go Ape. [online] Available at: http://goape.co.uk/what-is-goape [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Ltd, A. n.d. Go Ape. What our Customers Think.. [online] Available at: http://goape.co.uk/feedback [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Nhs.uk. 2013. Latest obesity stats for England are alarming. [online] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/news/ 2013/02February/Pages/Latest-obesity-stats-for-England-are-alarming-reading.aspx [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

• Roberts, M. 2013. Children 'slower than parents were'. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-24998497 [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

• The Green Microgym. 2012. UpCycle Eco-Charger: turn your bike into a grid-tied bicycle generator. [online] Available at: http://www.thegreenmicrogym.com/electricity-generating-equipment/the-story-of-the-upcycle-eco-charger/ [Accessed: 21 Dec 2013].

• The Hive Manchester. n.d. Grade A Office Space Manchester at The Hive, Northern Quarter. [online] Available at: http:// www.thehivemanchester.com [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Walsh, F. 2013. Children and exercise. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-23778946 [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].

RESEARCHING EXISTING FITNESS CENTRES

PDF: • • •

•

!

Peter Roberts (FRICS). 2013. [PDF] Available through: Pure Gym https://www.puregym.com/downloads/PureGym_Peter-RobertsBiography.pdf [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

Fitness and Exercise Spaces. 2008. [PDF] Sport England. Available through: sportengland.org http://www.sportengland.org/ media/32375/Fitness-and-exercise-spaces.pdf [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet. 2013. [PDF] Available through: HICSC https://catalogue.ic.nhs.uk/ publications/public-health/obesity/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2013/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2013-rep.pdf [Accessed: 22 Dec 2013].

The Hive. n.d. [PDF] Available through: The Hive, Manchester http://thehivemanchester.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ thehive_brochure.pdf [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

!

BOOK: • Collins, A. 2012. The complete guide to functional training. London: Bloomsbury.

• Fogarty, K. H. 1998. Health clubs. Glen Cove, NY: PBC International.

• Littlefield, D. 2011. Metric handbook. New York: Routledge.

• National Association for Sport and Physical Education. The Fitness Equation: Physical Activity + Balanced Diet = Fit Kids.

Reston, VA: National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 1999.

• Rideout, Victoria J., Foehr, Ulla G., and Roberts, Donald F. Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. Rep. Menlo Park: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

RESEARCHING EXISTING FITNESS CENTRES

WEBSITE: • Anytimeleisure.co.uk. 2013. Gym Design | Anytime Leisure. [online] Available at: http://www.anytimeleisure.co.uk/gymdesign [Accessed: 18 Dec 2013].

• Centerparcs.co.uk. n.d. Short Breaks, Weekend Breaks and Family Holidays UK | Center Parcs. [online] Available at: http:// www.centerparcs.co.uk [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Energiefranchise.com. 2012. SHOKKenergie | fitness for the next generation. [online] Available at: http:// www.energiefranchise.com/shokkenergie.html [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

• Gov.uk. 2011. UK physical activity guidelines - Publications - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/uk-physical-activity-guidelines [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

• Gov.uk. 2013. Reducing obesity and improving diet - Policy - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/ policies/reducing-obesity-and-improving-diet [Accessed: 29 Dec 2013].

• HealthGauge.com. 2013. Queenax Studiosystem - HealthGauge.com. [online] Available at: http://www.healthgauge.com/read/ queenax-studiosystem/ [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Hscic.gov.uk. 2013. Find data - Health & Social Care Information Centre. [online] Available at: http://www.hscic.gov.uk/ catalogue/PUB10364 [Accessed: 8 Jan 2014].

• NewsComAu. 2014. 10 unknown things about pole dancing. [online] Available at: http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/unknownthings-about-pole-dancing/story-fneszs56-1226795658666 [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Nhs.uk. 2013. Very overweight children - advice for parents. [online] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/ childhealth6-15/Pages/child-health-measurement-programme-very-overweight-advice.aspx [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England, 2013. 2013. [e-book] HSCIC. p. 24-41. Available through: HSCIC http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB10364/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2013-rep.pdf [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Six3Nine. 2013. Six3Nine. [online] Available at: http://www.six3nine.com/practice [Accessed: 28 Dec 2013].

• Trxtraining.com. 2005. Functional Training That Challenges Your Entire Body. [online] Available at: http:// www.trxtraining.com/functional-training [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Tough Mudder UK. n.d. Tough Mudder UK - Just another Tough Mudder site. [online] Available at: http://toughmudder.co.uk [Accessed: 20 Dec 2013].

• Uenergy.me. n.d. U Energy Gym. [online] Available at: http://uenergy.me [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

• Qdosfitness.co.uk. 2013. The Future of Functional Fitness | QDos Fitness. [online] Available at: http:// www.qdosfitness.co.uk [Accessed: 6 Jan 2014].

! !

VIDEOS • RSAAccrediation. 2010. The Hive. [video online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6HbwP5S5SY [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].

• QueenaxTraining. 2011. QUEENAX QMTS 2.0. [video online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afTmdlL0NZA [Accessed: 7 Jan 2014].