PORTFOLIO 2020

PORTFOLIO 2020 CHUN-YIN KAVIKA LAU Part II Architectural Assistant Portfolio MArch Architecture (RIBA Part II / ARB Part II) BA (Hons) Architecture (RIBA Part I / ARB Part I)

05

NYC Subway Layered Infrastructures

03

The Caring Communityâ„¢ EPDM Rubber

Plywood 8mm

Vapour Barrier

Breathing Membrane FOAMGLAS Insulation

I-Beam Structure

Steel Square

Plywood 16mm

Steel Support Leg

Connection Plate welded with Steel Leg

Artificial Turf

Playground Rubber

Gutter

Screed Bracket

Concrete Screed Concrete Aluminium Deck I-Beam Structure

Single Clip Angle

Bespoke Concrete Embed Plate

Connection Plates C-Channel Bespoke Steel Truss Structure

03

Living Pod & Structure

Design Realisation: The Caring Community

39

08

Tannery of the Moroccans

06

Mechanical Dissemblance

07

Embd Summerhouse

09

Tips_On_Air

SWITCH Comp: NY Guggenheim

In Practice

Master

02

2

04

Festival of Cosmic Resurrection

Bachelor

Content

01

Extension to Flat 411

10

Victoria Park Swimming Pool

11

Alto Residences

Content

Academic Master Study - Design

01 02 03

Festival of Cosmic Resurrection ——— 6-15

Bachelor Study & Competition

NYC Subway Layered Infrastructures

——— 16-23

The Caring Community™

——— 24-29

Master Study - Design Realisation

03

The Caring Community™

Academic

——— 32-45

04 05 06 07

Tannery of the Moroccans

——— 48

Tips_On_Air

——— 49

Mechanical Dissemblance

——— 50-51

SWITCH Competition: NY Guggenheim Museum

——— 52-53

In Practice

08 09 10 11

Embd Summerhouse

——— 56

Extension to Flat 411

——— 57

Redevelopment of Victoria Park ——— 58 Swimming Pool Complex Alto Residences

——— 59

Academic

4

Master Study - Design

5

01

5th Year Final Design Project

Festival of Cosmic Resurrection Type Year Site Tutors Software

Masterplanning, Conceptual, Research, Festive 2019-2020, 5th Year Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China Rahesh Ram, Sam Coulton Cinema 4D, Octane

Souls (in the form of Artefacts) are gathered in the Vessel of Souls, which sits at the heart of the city of Beijing – the Tiananmen Square, and ready to be discharged to every corner of the city during the Festival of Cosmic Resurrection. Centre to the structure, stood the Cosmic Tower, which symbolically connects the spirits of Ancestors from the Cosmo, to the Vessel of Souls & to other sites representing different Chinese traditional cultures such as the Tower of Taoism.

Layout of the 108 grid, 72+36

During each Festival of Cosmic Resurrection, the position of the Vessel of Souls & Tiananmen Square acted as a rotational pivot in the masterplan of Beijing, for deciding the project site of various cultures. The Vessel & these sites are then connected through millions of lanterns (which symbolize millions of ancestors’ souls), thus visualizing the carefully calculated time distortions & compensations made in traditional Chinese calendar.

Roof Plan of the Vessel of Soul 6

The Vessel of Soul

7

8

The Growing Constellation Altering Sites: 2023-2041

Constellation formed over 2023-2041

t tor s Dis ard rw Fo

According to visualized distortions of chinese calendar, the venues of cultural celebrations are different at every festival. As said in an old Chinese sayings about calendar - “19 Years 7 Intercalary (十九年七閏)”, a complete calibration cycle is done during 2023-2041. And by connecting strings of lanterns (representing souls) to varying sites of these 7 celebrations happened within these 19 years, a new type of constellation is formed. In addition, at the upcoming festivals, the structure at the oldest site would be removed & replaced by the newest structure at the new venue, hence generating a ever-changing constellation.

2028

Site 2036

2023

Site 2028

t tor s Dis ward ck Ba

Site 2039

Site 2031 Site 2023 2025 2031

2023

2023 2025

2023 2025 2028

2039

t tor Dis wards ck Ba

Site 2033 Site 2025 2033

2023 2025 2028 2031 2033 2036

tort Dis ards kw Bac

2023 2025 2028 2031 2033

t tor Dis ards w For

2023 2025 2028 2031

2023 2025 2028 2031 2033 2036 2039

2036

9

10

The Linkage of Souls

The Tower of

Links

The Tower of Taoism

11

The Cosmic Tower

Rite - Luo Tian Da Jiao (羅天大醮) Cleansing Ritual

Structure Setup

Day -1

Day 0

Ritual of Offering to Heaven

Ritual of Inviting Deities

Day 1 (Start)

The Tower of Taoism

Keyi of Fazou Jinke

Rice Dragon Ritual

Ritual of Opening of Golden List

The Tower of Taoism is designed according to Tao’s largest ritual Luo Tian Da Jiao (羅天大醮). The Ritual itself is composed of many smaller individual rituals, which happens at different time. These smaller rituals are then expressed as spatial configurations, experienced by visitors either by the use of materials, colours, forms, circulations, or even certain actions to be performed before proceeding to the next space.

These spaces are also arranged in the same order as the scheduled individual rituals. Visitors would then experienced this largest ritual of Tao by completing a tour of the tower from top to bottom.

12

Start of Keyi of Chanting

Day 2

Chaoyou Keyi (For the Dead) Ritual at Yin List & Ten Kings Temple

Star Praising Keyi

Stars’ Blessings Keyi

Day 3

Ritual of Pole Star

Jin Guang Shui You Keyi

Da Sanqing Keyi

Continue on Keyi of Chanting

Day 7 (Last)

Day 8

Structure Tear Down

Lantern Matrix Configuration

Ritual of Concluding Altars & Escorting Deities

13

14

Concept Drawing for

Tower of Lantern

Festival

15

02

AA Visiting School New York

NYC Subway Layered Infrastructures Type Year Site Collaboration Tutors Software

Research, Conceptual 2020 July New York Subway / Hong Kong Chun Sang Dennis Leung, Sze Man Mandy Wong Ramon Weber, Paul Clemens Bart Rhino, Grasshopper, Enscape

In this 10 days AA Visiting School course, we are asked to dissect the New York Subway system, to observe, speculate its history, elements, forms, language, structures, hence re-design & re-define the NY Subway in a contemporary manner. At the beginning, we made a diorama out of 3 main parts of a subway station - Overground, Entrance & Concourse, Underground. We then chose the elements that mostly represent these 3 parts and used them in testing the Wasp script in Grasshopper & Rhino, both for learning & experimenting the aesthetics & forms generated.

16

Elements of Overground

New York Subway Diorama

Elements of Entrance & Underground

Dismantled Green Steel Overground Structure

Wasp - Modular Aggregation in Grasshopper & Rhino

Aggregation Test 3 # of component = 650 Same part = FALSE Same connection = TRUE

Aggregation Test 2 Payphone Signages

# of component = 300 Same part = TRUE Same connection = TRUE

Aggregation Test 1

Painted Steel Column

# of component = 200 Same part = TRUE Same connection = TRUE 17

Original Carriage

Remake Carriage

Diorama + Aggregation Other than the initial Wasp testing, we then chose the Concrete Tunnel (from underground), Steel Green Structures (from overground) & Railings (from railway) to further explore the verticality of the Subway and their possibilities in generating new vertical forms from those elements. The carriage itself is also further examined and dissected, a new type of carriage is then designed out of the elements extracted from it. They are then put on the tracks designed, allowing the transit between different levels within the same structure.

Concrete Tunnel Steel Structure 18

Railings

19

Detailing & Interconnectivity After combining the three structures together, they are then altered manually in order to strengthen the essence of the structure & transit railings. The tunnels are instead extended more through the earth and the earth itself is deepened, providing spaces for the new transit and transport system, celebrating the interconnectivity between layers & materials.

20

Elevation silhouettes

Interiors & Boarding area

21

Augmented Reality (AR) After the design is settled, we then input the model into Augmented Reality via Fologram, an app allowing our 3D model to blend into the spaces in reality. We then visited varies sites in Hong Kong, exploring how our proposal weave into HK’s iconic busy road system, high rises & traffic junctions. In addition we scaled the model down and display it as a 1:200 model; and toured through the spaces ij the model up close at the scale of 1:50.

22

23

designed around the “life” of the city.

(British Futurism) Vorticism 1914

5th Industrial Revolution ?

(IR5.0) ?

(Mechanical Care) ?

Present-Future

The Space Age reached its peak with the Apollo program, that captured the imagination of much of the world’s population - Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon.

Armstrong was the first person to step onto the lunar surface.

Googie architecture is a form of mod-

ern architecture, a subdivision of futurist architecture influenced by car culture, jets, the Space Age, and the Atomic Age. Goo-

(Japanese) Metabolism,1960s

Richard Roger’s Lloyd’s building

Metabolism(新陳代謝shinchintaisha) was a post-war Japanese architectural movement that fused ideas about architectural megastructures with those of organic biological growth. The word Metabolism describes the process of maintaining living cells. Young Japanese architects after World War II used this word to describe their beliefs about how buildings and cities should be designed, emulating a living being.

(British) High-tech / Structural Expressionism, 1970s

Atomic Age

The Atomic Age is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear (“atomic”) bomb, Trinity, on July 16, 1945, during World War II. The bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki that ended World War II represented the first large-scale use of nuclear technology and inflected profound changes in sociopolitical thinking and the course of technology development.

A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. But since serious accidents had happened and they were planned to be phased out: Japan’s plans to completely phase out nuclear power by 2030; Germany plans to completely phase out by 2022 too.

Kisho Kurokawa’s Nakagin Capsule Tower

gie-themed architecture was popular among motels, coffee houses and gas stations. The term “Googie” comes from a now-defunct coffeehouse in Hollywood designed by John Lautner.

High-tech architecture appeared as revamped modernism, an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances. This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism.

Some of its themes and ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.

Zaha Hadid’s Dominium Office Building, 2015

begun with Sputnik 1 launched by the Soviet Union. The launch of Sputnik 1 ushered in a new era of political, scientific and technological achievements that became known as the Space Age.

1st nuclear (atomic) bomb test, Trinity Before bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki

1st Artficial earth satellite Sputnik 1, 1957

Space Age is generally considered to have

depicted in precise, sharply defined geometrical forms.

Precisionist artists considered themselves strictly American and some were reluctant to acknowledge their European artistic influences.

(American) Googie late 1940s

Norms Restaurants, West Hollywood California, U.S., 1949

?

Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. The

Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy Plant

information computerization.

Future

Charles Sheeler Ford Plant, 1927

(American) Precisionism 1920s

Postmodernism 1960s

Fukushima Nuclear Disaster 11 March 2011

access to and the control of information (Data). It is also characterized by the

Space Age

The Space Age is a time period encompassing the activities related to the Space

Neil Armstrong landed on moon July 21 1969

as new technologies, user devices, methods of interaction with other humans and devices enter the area of research, development and market launch. For persent, the Information Age means the idea that

shift from traditional industry that the industrial revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on the

cial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), fifth-generation wireless technologies (5G), additive manufacturing/3D printing and fully autonomous vehicles.

Precisionism took for its main

industrialisation themes and the modernization of the American landscape, the structures of which were

Modernism / International Style 1932

Reusable spacecraft Space Shuttle

Information Age (Computer Age) (Digital Age) (New Media Age)

means) continues to change over time

Present

Precisionism was the first indigenous modern art movement in the United States and an early American contribution to the rise of Modernism. Influenced

by Cubism and Futurism,

Neo-futurism, late 20th

New York Times, 21 Sep 1986 1st Large-scale automatic digital computer Harvard Mark 1, 1944

Programmable Logic Controllers

4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) 2016-Present The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the fourth major industrial era since the initial Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres, collectively referred to as cyber-physical systems. It is marked by emerging technology breakthroughs in a number of fields, including robotics, artifi-

The ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was Marxism–Leninism, an ideology of a centralised, planned economy and a vanguardist one-party state, which was the dictatorship of the proletariat.

1. Dictatorship of the proletariat 2. Anti-imperialism 3. Peaceful coexistence 4. Socialism in one country

The vorticists were a British avant-garde group formed in London in 1914 with the aim of creating art that expressed the dynamism of the modern world. Vorticist painting combined cubist fragmentation of reality with hard-edged imagery derived from the machine and the urban environment. It was, in effect, a British equivalent to futurism, although with doctrinal differences, and Lewis was deeply hostile to the futurists.

Information Age / Digital Era Space Age / Atomic Age / 1950s-Present

The onset of the Information Age is associated with the Digital Revolution (3rd Industrial Revolution). The definition of what digital means (or what information

2000s

El Lissitzky’s Lenin Tribune 1920

Vladimir Tatlin’s The Monument to the Third International 1919

CPSU’s Lenin pin

Alexandra Palace Television Station

(Soviet) Communism 1922

1960s

1980s

(Soviet) Constructivism 1913

Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin and flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. It combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly Communist social purpose. Though Tatlin’s Tower remained unbuilt, the materials—glass and steel—and its futuristic ethos and political slant (the movements of its internal volumes were meant to symbolise revolution and the dialectic) set the tone for the projects of the 1920s.

past, and a celebration of speed, machinery, violence, youth and industry; it also advocated the modernization and cultural revitalisation.

Facist’s Benito Mussolini

1940s

Google’s data center in Oklahoma

automation in industry.

iPhone’s Siri

It forms a late part of the Second Industrial Revolution, and considered to be at a peak in the time between the first and second world wars. There was greater production and more new inventions of machinery than previously: steam engine replaced by gas turbines, internal combustion engines and electric motors; Mass production of high-volume goods on moving assembly lines, particularly of the automobile; Steel framed buildings of great height (the skyscraper); Radio and phonograph technology; High speed printing presses, enabling the production of low cost newspapers and mass market magazines; Fast and comfortable long distance travel by railroad, automobile, and aircraft etc.

Machine Age Peak Time - between WW1&2

1920s

(Russian) Futurism 1912

Russian Futurism was a movement of Russian poets and artists who adopted the principles of Filippo Marinetti’s “Manifesto of Futurism,” which embraced the rejection of the

(European) Cubism 1910s

Machine Age 1880-1945

Imperial Japanese Army Nazi’s Adolf Hitler Computer motherboard

(Start of Information Age) 3rd Industrial Revolution is the shift from mechanical and analogue electronic technology to digital electronics with the adoption of digital computers and digital record keeping that continues to the present day. Central to this revolution is the mass production and widespread use of digital logic circuits, and its derived technologies, including the computer, digital cellular phone, and the Internet.

Digital Information and Communication Technologies led to advancement in space research and biotechnology. Automatons, prgrammable logic controllers (PLCs) and robots are invented and gave rise to high-level

The Teddy

Heavy eqiupment - Fixed Crane

1900s

3rd Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) 1950s-Present

The Teddy, within new machine concepts

Victory Over the Sun

connected and integrated urban conurbation

World War I 1914-1918

World War II 1939-1945

El Lissitzky’s poster for post-revolutionary production of the drama

chromaticism, long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism.

Poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti produced the Manifesto of Futurism in 1909. Antonio Sant’Elia’s vision was for a highly industrialized and mechanized city of the future, which he saw not as a mass of individual buildings but a vast, multi-level, inter-

1870s

Laptop nowadays

The Caring Community™ is a critic, metaphor of our society under the current overly digitalized & mechanized era. On a superficial stage, this housing project presents itself as a ‘fun’, ‘warm’ & ‘comforting’ home for all people at different social levels, promoting inhabitants to fight the worsening trend of stratification in London.

Second Industrial Revolution is a synergy between iron and steel, railroads and coal developed at the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution. Railroads allowed cheap transportation of materials and products, which in turn led to cheap rails to build more roads.

Railroads also benefited from cheap coal for their steam locomotives. This period in the early 20th century when there was greater production (mass production) and more new inventions of machinery than previously, and considered to be at a peak between the first and second world wars, is then called, Machine Age. Chemical weapons & Gas masks

Residential, Masterplanning, Research, Critique 2018-2019, 4th Year Heygate Estate, Elephant & Castle, London, SE17 1UB, United Kingdom Rahesh Ram Rhino, Grasshopper, Lumion

The project starts off from a comprehensive research about machines & architecture. I then focused on the relationship of the digital & biological - designing varies machine concept that monitors biological data of the inhabitants. The Teddy - the representative element in the model - is filled with all kinds of machines taking data such as pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate & body temperature etc., however it retains its outer soft fur & its cute look to soothen uneasy emotions, even knowing that datas are taken from your body. It then led to other researches about social structure & technology such as Lewis Mumford’s The Myth of the Machine, Megamachine; Pyramidal systems; B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two; Panopticon; how they represent themselves as harmless orders, persuading everyone in the society to blindly believe only in the numbers shown by machines, without truly knowing meanings of their actions/decisions, but only ratings & numbers on the digital screens.

(Italian) Futurism 1909 Futurist architecture is an early-20th century form of architecture born in Italy, characterized by strong

Wyndham Lewis’s 2nd issue of Blast “War Number” 1915

Locomotive steam engine

Before 1870s

2nd Industrial Revolution (Technological Revolution) 1870-WWI

Model of new machine concepts

24

Mass production & Assumbly Line

1st Industrial Revolution 1760s-1840s

Caring Community™ Type Year Site Tutors Software

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ‘s Manifesto of Futurism

Cotton Spinning Machine

The

Timeline of Humanities with Machine from 1800s

Era / Movements in Art / Architecture about machine

Norman Foster’s Lloyd’s building

Main events

Antonio Sant’Elia’s La Cittá Nuova

4th Year Final Design Project

Trench Warfare

03

Research on Machines Aesthetics

Neo-futurism is a late-20th/early-21st century architectural style. It evolved out of high-tech architecture. It

is seen as a departure from the more sceptical and referential style of

post-modernism, and more of an idealistic approach to the future. It

aims to rethink the aesthetic and functionality of rapidly growing urban areas and an idealistic belief in a better future and “a need to periodize the modern rapport with the technological”.

The ‘Caring’ Teddy Cables in tubes: Connecting all components

Eye: LED Nose: Motion-activated Speaker

Motion Sensor Sound Card: Connected to Motion sensor & Speaker

External USB Charger: Power Supply - USB LED, LED, Motion Sensor, Speaker

3D Printed Shell: + Wood Filler + Sanding + Flocking

3D Printed Components: Machines & Structures

Bluetooth: Phone Control Interface

Bluetooth: Bluetooth Receiver

Bluetooth: Bluetooth-Activated LED

25

Research on Multi-aspect Rating System Multi-aspect rating system A mega rating system is developed by a chinese corporation and uses it for private credit scoring and loyalty program system. It uses data from the corporation services to compile its score.

Customers receive a score based on a variety of factors based on social media interactions and purchases carried out on the corporation websites or paid for using its affiliate company’s mobile wallet app. The rewards of having a high score include easier access to loans from the corporation and having a more trustworthy profile on e-commerce sites within the corporation, and also having other benefits or priority in same public services.

Big data and behavioral analytics are building blocks for the system. Data fragments are classified into five categories with different percentage in calculation: 1. Credit History (35%): Reflects users’ past payment history and level of debt 2. Fulfillment Capacity (25%): Shows users’ ability to fulfill contract obligations 3. Personal Characteristics (15%): Examine the extent and accuracy of personal information 4. Behavior and Preferences (20%): Reveal users’ online behavior 5. Interpersonal Relationships (5%): Reflect the online characteristics of a users’ friends

Larger number = Better credit ratings: 350-550 = Poor 550-600 = Fair 600-650 = Good 650-700 = Very Good 700-950 = Exceptional

Digital Ratings

EXTRA

RATING & SCORING Inhabitants are forced to be ‘Caring’ to neighbours, ‘Environmental friendly’ & ‘Healthy’, by the use of a point system and data collected from various machines installed in every corner.

Each individual’s scoring depends on how well they behave ‘socially’, ‘environmentally’ & ‘healthily’.

How to improve credit ratings According to the 5 aspects, there are several stuff in each of the categories that one could do to improve their credit ratings. Certain benefits or convenience could be unlocked when the credit raings have reached certain levels.

1. Credit History (35%) a) Use company’s credit card payment service & pay the debts on time

c) Use different payment service functions provide by the company, e.g. paying utilities bills, petrol filling, delivery tracking etc

3. Personal Characteristics (15%) A list of information could be filled in by users in order to gain more credits. These informations are for records and analysis. Some contents can only be collected with users’ explicit written consent such as income, savings, securities, commercial insurance, assets and tax info etc.

b) Use its partner’s credit card services

2. Fulfillment Capacity (25%) Increase the use of financial product provide by the company; Moving assets around and show you have enough funds in your account and able to do investments

4. Behavior and Preferences (20%) Increase the use of bank transfer via company’s bank service; Increase the frequency of sending out red packs; Donate more via company’s online platform; Increase the spectrum of product buying, never just stick with seller selling cheap stuff

5. Interpersonal Relationships (5%) Meet friends with good credit ratings & keep interactions with them; Use Family Relationships Payment service;

Benefits obtained After credit ratings are calculated through data collected from these 5 aspects, a score is assigned to its users. The lowest score is 350 and the highest is 950. Those with a higher score can enjoy convenience and benefits in many areas, such as getting a credit card, shopping, applying for a loan, booking a hotel room, renting a house or car, dating and so on.

500 or above At affiliate company’s bank: Increased limit of amount in loans; Lower interest rates

Rating check: Allow users to check each others’ ratings before deciding if you want to communicate in dating website/app 700 or above Visa for Singapore

600 or above Book a room without deposit; 50% off on first night stay 650 or above Rent share bikes without deposit

750 or above Schengen visa for Luxembourg

600 or above Borrow Umbrellas & Power banks for FREE 650 or above Pay after treatments (RMB 3000 limit)

750 or above Priority Lane @Beijing Airport

26

FORCED COMFORT - Elements of fun & comfort are applied to motivate inhabitants to engage with the scoring; to relief from the supervision by machines and from the underlying mechanical data collection & analysis.

27

28

THE TEDDY - The teddy bear is the symbol of both system stated above — Forced Comfort is represent by Teddy having soft, comforting skins on the surface, which prone to be caring; and yet Scoring system is represented by emotionless machines inside – collecting, analysing data - aiding people at the top of the social pyramid (E.g. Governments & Corporations) , to generate policies & propagandas, in order to take grasp of the pyramidal system, i.e. an Urban Panopticon.

29

Academic

30

Master Study Design Realisation The Caring Community™

31

Environmental Constraints

Physical Context Transports & Roads

High-rise Mid-rise Low-rise

Height Distribution

Mature Trees

High-rise Mid-rise Low-rise

Category A Tree Category B Tree Category C Tree Category R Tree

Easement - Right to light Elevation of surroundings showing building heights

Planning Constraints person pedestrian or vehicular access across the land of another person. This right can be in the form of a deed or may arise by implication or by long use. A right of way may exist only for limited purposes.

Easement - Right of Way

Right of Light

The levels of acceptable light have not been objectively quantified and are instead assessed on a case-by-case basis by the courts. It is then normally depends on: 1. The measurement of light 2. Proof of its diminution 3. The damage caused by obstruction

er, a right to light does not include or cover a right to sunlight as well as by a right to privacy or ameaning right to a view.

Normally it is created prescription, neighbourhoods had been occupied andNormally enjoyed the reasonable amount of light for at it is created by prescription, meaning neighbourhoods had least 20 years. been occupied and enjoyed the reasonable amount of light for at least 20 years.

The levels of acceptable light have notlight been quantified The levels of acceptable have objectively not been objectively quantified and are instead assessed on a case-by-case basis by basis the by courts.

It isIt is and are instead assessed on a case-by-case the courts. then normally then normally depends on: depends on: 1. The measurement of light 1. The measurement2. of light Proof of its diminution 2. Proof of its diminution 3. The damage caused by obstruction 3. The damage caused by obstruction

1. Express dedication, where a landowner has given the public the Landowners and occupiers must ensure that rights of way are not right. obstructed and that the2. Presumed route isdedication, identifiable.

Thisofcan affect prowhere a right way has been in use for than can be remembered. posed developments. longer 3. Deemed dedication, where a right of way has been used for 20

ones: Not on site

list

Easement - Right to light Easement - Right to light

1. Express dedication, where a landowner has given the public the A right of way is a form of easement, which allows the entitled right. person pedestrian or vehicular access across the land of another This right can beof in the formhas of a deed or may impli2. Presumed dedication,person. where a right way been in arise usebyfor cation or by long use. A right of way may exist only for limited purlonger than can be remembered. poses.

3. Deemed dedication, where a right of way has been used for 20 Public rights of way are a general right to access across land. A years or more. public right of way can be established by:

me Individual, very few Group.

Normally it is created by prescription, meaning neighbourhoods had been occupied and enjoyed the reasonable amount of light for at least 20 years.

Generally, a right to light refers to the right to receive sufficient light through an opening (such as a windows, skylights or glass roofs), allowing ‘ordinary’ comfortable use and enjoyment of a dwelling, or ‘ordinary’ beneficialGenerally, use anda right occupation of toother buildings.

Howev-light to light refers the right to receive sufficient through openingor (such as aawindows, or glass roofs), er, a right to light does notan include cover right toskylights sunlight as well allowing ‘ordinary’ comfortable use and enjoyment of a dwelling, or as a right to privacy‘ordinary’ or a right to a view. beneficial use and occupation of other buildings. Howev-

Public rights of way are a general right to access across land. A public right of way can be established by:

e, few surr. ven surr. ge Sites England: Not

allowing ‘ordinary’ comfortable use and enjoyment of a dwelling, or ‘ordinary’ beneficial use and occupation of other buildings. However, a right to light does not include or cover a right to sunlight as well as a right to privacy or a right to a view.

Easements

TPO, Conservation, Archaelogy, Easement - Right of Way Right of Way Listed Buildings & Protected OpenA right Space of way is a form of easement, which allows the entitled

Constraints

Generally, a right to light refers to the right to receive sufficient light Tree Distribution on site demolition through an opening (such as a before windows, skylights or glass roofs),

Transports around site

years or more.

Landowners and occupiers must ensure that rights of way are not obstructed and that the route is identifiable. This can affect proposed developments.

cated upon the map is based dnance Survey mapping sted buildings and structures in istorical or architectural interded on a list drawn up by the edia and Sport. re classified in grades to show ades are I, II* and II, with Grade paramount importance to the anding interest. Most of the grade II, although we also ings and a few grade I build-

Project Response

Project Response

Since surrounding buildings were mostly built over 20 years, they will probably enjoy rights to light under general conditions. However, depending on their distance to the site, different level of concerns are needed. 3 levels of concerns are marked depending on their distance to the site.

Project Response (Possible) Express Dedication: Since the site is such a (Possible) massive sizeDedication: which certain outdoor ameniExpress Since the siteinis the such planning, a massive size public which certain outdoor amenity/open spaces will be included right of way ty/open spaces will be included in the planning, public right of way is possible to be established leading people into those amenity is possible to be established leading people into those amenity even theyin arethe not residents in the site.the Though the notion spaces even they are notspaces residents site. Though notion of of the project is having another currency to be spent within, it is still the project is having another currency to be spent within, it is still free for to public to make use of the amenity space without any free for to public to make use the amenitymixed space any of charges in anyof kind.

It encourages culturewithout and richer usage the spaces and most importantly, help promoting the project’s charges in any kind. It encourages mixed culture and richer usage of ‘caring’ culture and system implemented outside of the site. the spaces and most importantly, help promoting the project’s Presumed Dedication / Deemed Dedication: ‘caring’ culture and system implemented outside of the site.

The streets have been in use since Heygate Estate was built (in 1974),

hould be established through the Design and Conservation

ctions documents which include Schedule, Guidance and ExplanDevelopers, Decemeber 2016; h of Southwark is within any te will not be conflict with any on is needed.

oes not need change of use as it Housing Use).

Project Response

r planning constraints set out t of freedom in designing the il still be appropriate to the

Site & Boundary

32

Site & Boundary

Archaelogical Priority zones

Group TPO area

Grade II Listed Buildings

Individual TPO area Conservation area

Protected Open Space (Borough)

Archaelogical Priority zones Protected Open Space (Other)

Group TPO area

Grade II Listed Buildings

Individual TPO area

Protected Open Space (Borough)

Conservation area

Protected Open Space (Other)

Right of Services: Assessment needs to be done to check if there are services going through the site, because it is a large site which is very likely that there is bound to services. James Water will be the electric board

Figure 32: Level of concern on Overshadowing depending on distance from proposal

Other than the distance, the right of light issues will depend on how tall the housing units will be, therefore restraining heights of developments at different points in my proposal.

Since surrounding buildings were mostly built over 20 years, they will probably enjoy rights to light under general conditions. However, depending on their distance to the site, different level of concerns are needed. 3 levels of concerns are marked depending on their Figure distance to the site.32: Level of concern on Overshadowing

which is over 20 years. No exact evidence could be found to determine the exact period of usages of these streets. Yet speaking from Presumed Dedication / Deemed Dedication: the point of view of decision, they must contain a public right of way The streets have been inwhich use shall since Estate was built (in 1974), not Heygate be removed in the proposal. which is over 20 years. No exact evidence could be found to deterRight of Services: mine the exact period ofAssessment usagesneeds of these streets.

Yetif there speaking from to be done to check are services going through they the site, because it is a large site which is very the point of view of decision, must contain a public right oflikely waythat there is bound to services. James Water will be the electric board which shall not be removed in the proposal. responsible of doing conducting the check.

Figure 32: Level of concern on Overshadowing depending on distance from proposal

For instance, at the edges of having high level of concerns, my proposal at that side would have to be lower in height or further away from those properties. This will then a vital element in deciding the heights of my proposal at differet positions.

depending on distance from proposal

Other than the distance, the right of light issues will depend on how Project Response tall the housing units will be, therefore restraining heights of developments at different points in my proposal.

Site & Boundary (Possible) Express Dedication Presumed Dedication / Deemed Dedication

Site & Boundary (Possible) Express Dedication

Since surrounding buildings were mostly built over 20 years, they will For instance, the edges of havingconditions. high level of concerns, my proprobably enjoy rights to lightat under general However, at that side would havedifferent to be lowerlevel in height or further away depending on theirposal distance to the site, of concerns from those properties. This will then a vital element in deciding the are needed. 3 levels of concerns areat differet marked depending on their heights of my proposal positions. distance to the site.

Other than the distance, the right of light issues will depend on how tall the housing units will be, therefore restraining heights of devel-

Site Minimum level of concern Medium level of concern High level of concern

TPOs (Tree Persevation Order)

Site & Boundary

TPOs (Tree Persevation Order)

According to TEMPO (Tree Evaluation Method for Presevation Order) Guidance Note, TEMPO is a quick and easy means of systematically assessing tree or group suitability for statutory protection. It may be used either for new TPOs or for TPO re-survey, especially where Area TPOs are being reviewed. Hence TEMPO serves as a field guide to decision-making of whether trees are in TPOs. The TPO and TEMPO might then inform whether it affects the surrounding area, e.g. project site, therefore even the site did not include any TPOs, investigation of policies are essential.

Group TPO area

Site & Boundary

Individual TPO area

Group TPO area Individual TPO area

According to TEMPO (Tree Evaluation Method for Presevation Order) Guidance Note, TEMPO is a quick and easy means of systematically assessing tree or group suitability for statutory protection. It may be used either for new TPOs or for TPO re-survey, especially where Area TPOs are being reviewed. Hence TEMPO serves as a field guide to decision-making of whether trees are in TPOs. The TPO and TEMPO might then inform whether it affects the surrounding area, e.g. project site, therefore even the site did not include any TPOs, investigation of policies are essential.

TPO (Tree Perservation Order)

TEMPO (Tree Evaluation Method for Preservation Order)

Flood Risk

PART 2 ExpediencyTEMPO Assessment (Tree Evaluation Method for Preservation Order) Immediate threat to tree

PART 1 Amenity Assessment

PART 2 Expediency Assessment

Foreseeable threat Perceived threat to tree to tree PART 1 Amenity Assessment

Immediate threat to tree

Foreseeable threat to tree

Perceived threat to tree

Condition Relative Public Visibility

Condition

Sub-total 3 Relative Public Visibility

Retention Span Retention Span Score above 6

Sub-total 1

Other Factors

Score 0: Do not apply TPO

Sub-total 2

Score 7-10: Does not merit TPO Score 0: Do not apply TPO Score 1-6: TPO indefensible TPO Zone types

)

Individual

Area

Score 15+: Definitely merits TPO Group

e, or lly to m ot

Woodland

PART 3 Decision Guide

Score Score 1-6: TPO indefensible Other Factors above 6 Score 0: Do not apply TPO Score 15+: Definitely merits Score TPO 6 or below

Sub-total 1

Score 6 or below Score 0: Do not apply TPO Score 1-6: TPO indefensible

Sub-total 3

PART 3 Decision Guide

Score 1-6: TPO indefensible Score 15+: Definitely merits TPO

Score 11-14: Possible merits TPO Sub-total 2 Score 7-10: Does not merit TPO

Score 11-14: Possible merits TPO

TPO Zone types

Site & Boundary

Response

Individual Area Group TPO area It could then be seen that TPO zone only affects the area included in it when planning applicaScore 15+: Definitely merits Individual TPO area tions are to be proceeded, regardless of which TPO zone type. Since the site is not including any TPO TPO zone, there would be no considerations needed if any trees needs to be removed. Therefore Group in this aspect Woodland planning application shall not be bounded by TPO and consultancy is not needed.

However, many trees had been on site for a long time which are not considered and protected by TPO. Therefore surveys of mature trees should be conducted helping to decide any trees are to be retained. The next page would be roughly explaining the strategy of Mature Trees.

Flood Water

Response It could then be seen that TPO zone only affects the area included in it when planning applications are to be proceeded, regardless of which TPO zone type. Since the site is not including any TPO zone, there would be no considerations needed if any trees needs to be removed. Therefore planning application shall not be bounded by TPO and consultancy in this aspect is not needed.

1-2m buffer

Flood buffer for proposal

However, many trees had been on site for a long time which are not considered and protected by TPO. Therefore surveys of mature trees should be conducted helping to decide any trees are to be retained. The next page would be roughly explaining the strategy of Mature Trees.

River Thames Site Flood zone 3

Site & Boundary Group TPO area

Flood Denfences

PART 2 Expediency Assessment

Individual TPO area

Immediate threat to tree

Foreseeable threat to tree

Wind Study

Site & Surrounding TPOs Perceived threat to tree

Areas benefiting from flood defences

Flood Map around site

Sunpath & Shadow Study

nt

erits

Sub-total 3 Perceived threat to tree

PART 3 Decision Guide Score 0: Do not apply TPO

Score 1-6: TPO indefensible Score 15+: Definitely merits TPO

Score 1-6: TPO indefensible

Score 7-10: Does not merit TPO

Score 11-14: Possible merits TPO

ne types

Score 11-14: Possible merits TPO

Area

Summer (June) Morning 0600 Shadows

Summer (June) Noon 1200 Shadows

Summer (June) Evening 1900 Shadows

Winter (Dec) Morning 0900 Shadows

Winter (Dec) Noon 1200 Shadows

Winter (Dec) Morning 1500 Shadows

Response It could then be seen that TPO zone only affects the area included in it when planning applications are to be proceeded, regardless of which TPO zone type. Since the site is not including any

Woodland ly affects the area included in it when planning applicaTPO zone, there would be no considerations needed if any trees needs to be removed. Therefore which TPO zone type. Since the site is not including any planning application shall not be bounded by TPO and consultancy in this aspect is not needed. ons needed if any trees needs to be removed. Therefore ed by TPO and consultancy in this aspect is not needed.

However, many trees had been on site for a long time which are not considered and protected by r a long time which are not considered and protected by TPO. Therefore surveys of mature trees should be conducted helping to decide any trees are to should be conducted helping to decide any trees are to ughly explaining the strategy of Mature Trees. be retained. The next page would be roughly explaining the strategy of Mature Trees.

Wind Map on site

Shadows casted at various time 33

Demographics - General Geological relationship between Site, Elephant & Castle area & Wards

Median Household Income & Population density Median household income

Elephant & Castle area

River Thames

(Persons per Hectare)

4.2

C O U NT R Y England

Population density

£30.8K 57.3

W ARD

Newington

W ARD

CITY

Site

Greater London

£51.8K

WA R D

East Walworth

111.7

Faraday

BOROUGH Southwark

£48K 123.8

WARD

East Walworth

£31K Median Household income & Population Density at different scale

Deprivation Level of Southwark Borough & Wards BOROUGH

Keys for % Households

Southwark

Median House Price & Ownership Types Median House Price

Most deprived

Least deprived

C OUNTR Y England

WARD

Demographics Since the population density is high, the proposal aimed to provide high density housings for the area. Yet the average income is low, these housings would then occupy certain amount of council housings and affordable housings. Besides, the proposal could help inhabitants to own the properties by following the rules of ‘Caring’, reaching certain targets in their ratings and hence obtaining a discounted rate for the properties, which then improve the ratio of owned properties in the area, especially the area’s household income is far less than the average in London.

Demographics - Housing

C ITY

34

£198K

East Walworth Newington Faraday

Greater London

£365K

B OR OUG H Southwark

£420K

W AR D

East Walworth

£315K

6418171 4824253 2944243 1654273

Types of Ownership

Owned Social Rented Private Rented Others Owned: Social Rented: Private Rented: Others:

63.5% 17.6% 16.7% 2.2%

Owned: Social Rented: Private Rented: Others:

48.2% 24.1% 25.1% 2.6%

Owned: Social Rented: Private Rented: Others:

29.3% 43.7% 23.7% 3.3%

Owned: Social Rented: Private Rented: Others:

15.7% 53.9% 27.1% 3.3%

Median House Price & Ownership Types at different scale

4/F Plan Living Pod

Core 4

Core 5

Core 6

6/F +53.00m Communal Garden Living Pod 5/F +45.00m Communal Garden Living Pod 4/F +37.00m Communal Garden Living Pod 3/F +29.00m Communal Garden Living Pod

Atrium Canopy

2/F +21.00m Communal Garden Living Pod

Bar 2

Bar 3

Communal Canteen

1/F +13.00m M/F +10.00m

Communal Canteen

Communal Garden Bar 1

Communal Kitchen

G/F +00.00m Main Entrance

Pavement Area on G/F

Section A-A - Proposed Scale 1:1000 50

25

10

0

Section A-A

35

Structural Strategy & Loadings

These rings are not structured.

They are for light fittings.

3 stages of structures are further dirived to allow even distribution of loadings onto the foundations: Main columns are made by reinforced concrete, which will be cast in situ; Truss system & short vertical columns are both made by steel prefabricated and assembled on site.

Steel Trusses When they come together between the columns, they will form a kind of ring. This will create a stable structure. The steel truss will also hold up different floors and the housing pods.

Loadings

Main structure: Reinforced concerete column Secondary structure: Steel truss Tertiary structure: Vertical steel column Main, Secondary & Tertiary Structures composition 36

3 types of loadings are presented: dead loads, lateral loads and live loads. The main contributions to each loadings are - Dead loads : Structures, slabs, living pods, soils, plants, balustrades, building services; Lateral loads: Wind, Horizontal movements; Live loads: Occupants, furnitures in living pods Loading diagram is shown how the dead loads are distributed and transferred to the substructure via reinforced columns.

36

Dead loads examples (other than structures) Lateral loads example (wind) Live loads examples (occupants)

Construction Timeline

Main Structure Construction

Programme & Construction Sequence Timeline

Reinforced Concrete structure for Main Column

Part 1

Part 2 Fig. 16: Reinforcements of Main Column x1

Part 1 20.2m

Reinforcement steel

Part 3

Concrete

Part 3

59.2m 72.1m Part22 Part

Crane lifting part 2 & 3 of column

Secondary Structure Construction Main & Secondary Structures

Truss Construction Methodologies

Welding Works

Bespoke Truss Joint

Span / Depth Ratio Connections between Truss & Main Column Reinforcements Concrete Connection Plates Truss Screw

Longest Span Span = 55m Depth = 3.7m 4m (inc. tolerance)

LengthรทDepth = Ratio 55mรท4m = 13.75 ACCEPTABLE (Range is 8-15) Fig. 21: Calculations & illustrations of longest span

37

Living Pod Construction References: Lords Media Centre (left) Airframe design (right)

Living Pod Structure A ‘monocoque’ type of structure is used in the living pod to maximise the internal area in the pod. Therefore I-Beams are customised and made off site for the structure.

The whole pod will be prefabricated and be ‘plugged in’ and sit on the concrete slab.

The structure and the joints are customised and specifically prepared for connecting to the slab.

A mix of square steel and I-beams are used for different purposes as shown in the diagrams.

1. Assembly of a Living Pod (Off-Site) Single Clip Angle

Square steel beam for steel legs assemblance

2. Placing living pod to Structure Reference: Nakagin Capsule Tower

Pre-fab pod are placed in position by the use of crane

Steel Legs are slotted into openings which correspond to the pre-fab concrete embbed plates

Shear Plate to be welded after bolting

Single Clip Angle

Cut I-Beam end for ease of assemblance

3. Fix living pod to Structure Playground Rubber 50mm Steel Leg to be fixed on concrete slab

Square Steel Beam

Concrete screed bracket 100mm C-Channel 150mm

Fig. 25: Illustrations of Constructions of Living Pod Structure

Bespoke circular clip angle

Main Truss Structure

Bolts Steel Leg welded to connnectin plate & clip angle Connection plate

38

Connection plate 150mm dia. welded with steel leg

Bolts are placed after the pods are correctly positioned

EPDM Rubber

Plywood 8mm

Vapour Barrier

Breathing Membrane FOAMGLAS Insulation

I-Beam Structure

Steel Square

Plywood 16mm

Steel Support Leg

Connection Plate welded with Steel Leg

Artificial Turf

Playground Rubber

Gutter

Screed Bracket

Concrete Screed Concrete Aluminium Deck I-Beam Structure

Single Clip Angle

Bespoke Concrete Embed Plate

Connection Plates C-Channel Bespoke Steel Truss Structure

Living Pod & Structure

39

Living Pod 1:10 Steel Balustrade Sliding Door Composition

EPDM Rubber Plywood 8mm Vapour Barrier

Sliding Door Rail & Connections

Living Pod & Structure

Entrance Stairs Compositions

I-Beam Structure Steel Square Plywood 16mm Breathing Membrance

FOAMGLAS Insulation

Steel Leg

Connection Plate welded with Steel Leg Bespoke Concrete Embed Plate

40

Artificial Turf

Playground Rubber Concrete Screed Concrete Aluminium Deck I-Beam Structure

Gutter Screed Bracket Connection Support for Gutter & Steel Balustrade I-Beam Structure Single Clip Angle

Connection Plate Steel Balustrade Bespoke Steel Truss Structure

Steel Balustrade

Part L & Living Pod 1:50 U-Value of Wall

Materials of Wall

Calculations of U-Value of Living pod Wall Material

Thickness in Metre

Conductivity (K-Value) in W/(m.K)

Resistance = Thickness ÷ conductivity (R-value) in m²/W

1

Artificial Turf

0.080

0.331

0.302

2

Foamglas® Wall Board W+F

0.100

0.038

2.632

3

Breathing Membrane

-

-

-

4

Plywood

0.016

0.115

0.139

5

Steel I-beam

0.150

-

-

6

Vapour Barrier

-

-

-

7

Plywood

0.008

0.115

0.069

EPDM Rubber

0.050

0.245

0.204

8

Total U-Value =

Requirements of U-Value of living pod

Triple glazed Window less than 1.00 W/m²K

1 2 4

Wall 0.30 W/m²K

3 5

8

7

6 Floor 0.25 W/m²K

3.346 1 ÷ 2.942

Roof 0.20 W/m²K

0.298 W/m²K Fig. 38: U-Value Requirements in flat

Artificial Turf FOAMGLAS Insulation

I-Beam Structure 150mm I-Beam Structure 150mm

Breathing Membrane

Vapour Barrier Plywood 8mm EPDM Rubber

Plywood 16mm 50mm x 100mm Timber Battens

Part L Conservation of fuel & power EPDM Rubber Plywood 8mm I-Beam Structure 150mm

Steel Square 110mm Steel Support Leg

Truss Structure

Living Pod 1:50

Vapour Barrier I-Beam Structure 150mm Plywood 16mm Breathing Membrane FOAMGLAS Insulation Artificial Turf

Playground Rubber Concrete Aluminium Deck I-Beam Structure

Sliding Door (Entrance) of Living Pod

Steel Balustrade

Section A-A

Provisional space under the floor for machines & services

41

Atrium / Truss Connection 1:20 Section A-A

Steel Balustrade

Soil Drainage layer with Geotextile Cloth Concrete Screed Geotextile Cloth Gutter Waterproof Membrane C-Channel RCC Slab Connection Plate for Steel Balustrade

Steel Atrium Truss For Details

Fixing Plate for Steel Leg Connection Plate for Steel Leg FINAL: Turf Foamglas Structure Membrane Plywood EPDM 16mm Exact Dimension Waterproof of total layers (This) Vapour Barrier Ply 8mm Detail sections not exactly in scale for illustration purpose (Others): min. offset for illustration = 0.01mm Truss Level

Canteen Skylight 1:50

Turf Bitumen Insulation: Foamglas Breathing Membrane FlexiPly EPDM 16mm Old Vapour Barrier FlexiPly 8mm 100mm

Photovoltaics Panels Kingspan Solar PV 1.7m x 1m per module

Aluminium Skin oversprayed with polyurethane acrylic automotive paint to ensure UV stability

Connection Interface for Steel Atrium Truss Steel Reinforcements Steel Columns

42

Structures for Pitched Photovoltaics Panels

Kingspan KS1000RW Composite Panel (Insulation)

Metal frame suspended ceiling system by British Gympsum Casoline MF BASWA Cool Sound Insulation Panel embedded with capillary tubes helping thermoregulation of interior spaces

Aluminium Framework

Capillary Tubes for Thermoregulation

Environmental Strategies Focused Spaces:

1

Living pod

2

Kitchen

3

Canteen

Summer sun

HRU (Heat Recovery Unit)

Several HRUs are installed throughout each floor for sharing heat exchange to maximize conservation of heat. It provides space heating and facilitates ventilation as well.

Warm, stale air drawn out Heated, fresh air sent back Cold, fresh air drawn in Cool, stale air sent out

Natural Ventilation & Trickle Vent

Openings allowing wind driven ventilation and buoyancy driven ventilation.

Trickle Vent allows such to happen even openings are closed for temperature control reasons.

Photovoltaic Panels

Electricity generated by photovoltaic panels and collected by CHP unit

Brise Soliel

Summer sun is occluded by louvred brise soliel; Winter sun is allowed by louvred brise soliel.

Winter sun

Underfloor Heating

Underfloor heating (UFH) is a form of heating used in all living pods in which the floor surface of the pods are heated and this heat is then radiated (and convected) throughout the space to create comfortable thermal conditions.

1 1 1

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

1

HRU

2 Rainwater collection

Rainwater are collected from roofs and canopy, stored and be used to flush toilets in living pods and canteen.

CHP (Combined Heat & Power)

Thermal-Acoustic Drywall System

The system ensures noise are contained within the spaces and therefore does not pollutes other area.

It also combines pipeworks that regulates indoor temperatures. Therefore reducing unnecessary heating power in the space.

HRU

CHP

High Efficiency Lightings

Fuel, Heat , Gas & Power are combinedly supplied to this unit and then delivering Heat and electricity to spaces. Part of the electricity is supplied by photovoltaic panels from rooftop of canteen.

Heating Electricity

3

They work with daylight sensor which allows dimming, minimising electricity and cooling loads.

Vertical Riser Core

HRU (Heat Recovery Unit)

Much heat is expected to be produced from the kitchen area and hence it is expected a large amount of heated air to be collected from the kichen Warm, stale air drawn out Heated, fresh air sent back Cold, fresh air drawn in Cool, stale air sent out

Natural Ventilation & Trickle Vent

Section A-A

43

Part B & M Part B - Fire Safety Part M - Access & Use

Escape Distances to Entrance Doors from Flat

Entrance hall protected by fire rated doors and walls

Escape Distances to Entrance Doors from Canteen 14m

7.5m

Fire Door

16m

8.6m

8.9m

16m

5.8m

Fire Door

12m 18m

Disabled Access, Services Routes & Fire Escape Routes

Proposed Flat Floor Plan Disabled Lift Access

14m

Waste Disposal Point Machinery & Services Route

10m

16m

Fire Escape Route

Fire Escape Core 3

Fire Escape Core 4

Proposed Canteen Floor Plan

Fire Ratings of Walls & Doors of Canteen Fire Escape Core 2

120 mins Fire Rated Wall

60mins Fire Rated Door Male Toilet 60-120 mins Fire Rated Door

60-120 mins Fire Rated Wall

60-120 mins Fire Rated Door 60-120 mins Fire Rated Door Fire Escape Core 1

Fire Escape Core 6

120 mins Fire Rated Wall

60mins Fire Rated Door Female Toilet 60mins Fire Rated Wall

60-120 mins Fire Rated Door Proposed 4/F Plan 44

120 mins Fire Rated Wall

Disabled Toilet Proposed Canteen Floor Plan

Gas Filtering Unit

Biological waste & Grey Water analysing Unit

Exposed pipeworks along truss structure

Filtered Fumes disposal

Part D, G, H & 7

Waste Processing & Disposal System

Lift core Corridor slab Truss system Living pod

Gas Filter Unit

To Heat Recovery Unit

Disposal

Biological waste & Greywater pipeworks Gas pipeworks

Hybrid Power & Heating Systems HRU (Heat Recovery Unit)

Several HRUs are installed throughout each floor for sharing heat exchange to maximize conservation of heat. It provides space heating and facilitates ventilation as well.

Warm, stale air drawn out Heated, fresh air sent back Cold, fresh air drawn in Cool, stale air sent out

HRU

Hybrid Heat Delivery - Underfloor Heating - Thermal Drywall System

Hybrid Heating - Heat Recovery Unit - Combined Heat & Power plant

HRU

Hybrid Power - Solar Power - Combined Heat & Power plant

Power & Heating

Biological waste & Greywater analyser

Photovoltaic Panels

Electricity generated by photovoltaic panels and stored

Electric Underfloor Heating

Floor surface is heated and heat is radiated throughout. The electricity pipework is separated from domestic ones as the power is different.

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

HRU

CHP (Combined Heat & Power)

Fuel, Heat , Gas & Power are combinedly supplied to this unit and then delivering Heat and electricity to spaces. Part of the electricity is generated by photovoltaic panels from rooftop of canteen and top of canopy structure.

Heating Electricity

HRU HRU

Thermal Drywall System

Heat is delivered through embedded pipes in thermal mass drywall

CHP & Solar

Vertical Riser Core

Fig. 47: Power & Heating Strategy

45

Academic

46

Bachelor Study & Competition Selected Works

47

04

Sunlight & Stack Effect

Skylight & LUX Levels

3D Printed Models

3rd Year Final Design Project

Tannery of the Moroccans Type Year Site Tutors Software

Industrial, Research 2015-2016, 3rd Year 2-18 Britannia Row, Islington, N1 8PA, London, U.K. Stefan Lengen, Tim Culverhouse Rhino

The Tannery is for the former leather shop owner couples who used to lived in Morocco and migrated to London with their dog. They found out the vanished culture once florished in Islington of agriculture has now almost been forgotten, only having meat shops and leather selling shops around in the area. It is then decided to have a tannery that could act as a reminder for the public about multiple pasts that once dominated the area and whole country - the Agricultureland, expressed through generating products from animals like leathers; the Machine Age & Industrialisation, expressed through aesthetics of machineries.

Initial Model

1/F Floor Plan

Tanning Tower

One-way Beams

Main Building 48

Two-way Waffle Slab

Proposed Structure Section A-A

05

3rd Year Design Project

Tips_On_Air

Thumb

Index

Thumb

Type Year Site Tutors

Experimental 2015-2016, 3rd Year 2-18 Britannia Row, Islington, N1 8PA, London, U.K. Stefan Lengen, Tim Culverhouse

Little

Index

Ring

Middle Middle Ring

Little

This project is the predecessor of Tannery of the Moroccans, inspired by an everyday action: Shoe tying & untying. It is an experimental project focusing on the movements of fingers and how they relates to the leather shoe alongside with time. Therefore generating spaces by the observation made from their dynamic relationships.

The spaces are then elaborated and transformed into an architecture that sits itself into a secret corner/gap of site, which bizarrely having a steel structure stretching out to the street and above the pedestrians, locating in Islington.

49

06

2nd Year Design Project

Mechanical Dissemblance Type Year Site Tutors

Experimental 2014-2015, 2nd Year Broadway Market, Hackney, E8 4QJ, London, U.K. Stefan Lengen, Kyriakos Katsaros

Although the topic of the year is about recycling, the project is mostly led by my own interests of kinetic forms & mechanical parts. Therefore I collected ‘antiques’ from various markets in U.K. such as the Portobello market, Brick Lane, & a small market in a secret corner in Brighton.

The collection includes some mechanical clocks and two typewriters. They were then manually dismantled into many small parts, one of them as a display of parts and the other was combined with the clock parts and remodelled into an architectural proposal.

The aesthetic of the kinetics & machines demonstrate a strong language, and also suggest relationships between spaces & dynamic circulations around site.

50

51

07

Year Out Collaborative Project

SWITCH NY Guggenheim Type Year Site Collaborate

Experimental 2014-2015, 2nd Year Broadway Market, Hackney, E8 4QJ, London, U.K. Mertz Ozbolat, Stefan Lengen

The competition asked to re-design the masterwork created by Frank Lloyd Wright, the New York Guggenheim Museum. We realised Guggenheim was backed by Solomon R. Guggenheim who was committed in preserving contemporary art, and had multiple museums across the globe. We then took some iconic modern art collections in Guggenheim as our source of inspirations, and also related our design with Guggenheim at other places such as Venice, Bilbao & Abu Dhabi, to form our very own conceptual 2.5D proposal.

52

53

In Practice

54

55

08

Year Out Interior Project

Embd Summerhouse Type Year Site Company

Interior, Residential, Construction 2016 Embd, Switzerland FELT Architecture & Design & Research

The Summerhouse is owned by a fanatic of pictures who had hundreds of pictures at his place. We took that idea of pictures and utilize picture frames as our design language. Hence creating various kinds of frames for different sizes of portraits, paintings & photos. The design aimed to elevate the flat pictures into 3D beings, therefore the frames are laid out with different depths to embrace the 3-dimesionality of spaces. We decided to use woods of different kinds & thicknesses since the summerhouse itself is primarily constructed by woods. Small lightings are added to simulate light installed on site & the battery expressed itself as the utilities like boilers & electric switches.

56

09

Year Out A&A Project

Extension to Flat Type Year Site Company

411

Alterations & Additions, Construction 2014-2015, 2nd Year Flat 411, The Beaux Arts Building, 10-18 Manor Gardens, N7 6JW, London, U.K. FELT Architecture & Deisng & Research

Upon picking up the project, I assisted project Architect in preparing tender documents, preliminary cost plans, attending tender & site meetings with clients, & carry out site surveys. Since not only the construction of spaces, we were required to also design some furnitures and customised skylights, careful survey & calculations were done prior to the construction stage, ensuring all the designs are well fitted with the site. The biggest challenge was the skylight as the roof has a 3° slope for draining purposes which directly affects how we are fitting & the procurement of the skylights.

57

10

Internship Commercial Project

Redevelopment of Victoria Park Swimming Pool Complex Type Year Site Company

Commercial 2015 July - Sep 1 Hing Fat Street, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong P&T Architects & Engineers

The Victoria Park Swimming Pool Complex is redeveloped to meet FINA’s standards comprises one 50m X 25m indoor heated main pool, one 33m X 25m indoor heated multi-purpose pool, spectators stands on both sides for 2,500 spectators, ancillary and supporting facilities for holding aquatic competition events. The new complex is well-fitted for organizing various events such as swimming, diving, water polo, synchronized swimming competition in local, regional and international scale.

58

11

Internship Residential Project

Alto Residences Type Year Site Company

Residential 2015 July - Sep 29 Tong Yin Street, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong P&T Architects & Engineers

A large-scale composite development comprising 7 blocks of residential towers providing 605 flats and 23 villas, with usable floor area ranging from 365 - 3756 ft2. Other amenities include a two storeys landscaped commercial podium, a basement carpark, and retail shops.

59

Thank you LAU Chun-Yin Kavika M: 91396644 E: kavikalau@gmail.com A: 88 Bauhinia Road West Fairview Park Yuen Long, N.T. 60