DESIGN PORTFOLIO KAZUFUMI SHIMOMURA UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA MLA 2019
CONTENTS
CASPCA DOG THERAPY GARDEN
04
CULTIVATION OF GROUND
14
URBAN BIRDS ORCHESTRA
24
Conceptual Planting Design Refrecting Manifesto
Path Made of Multiple Levels of Ground Softness
New Urban Birds' Community Protected from Traffic Noise
FLIPPING POCKETS
34
THE STAGES DEDICATED TO THE QUARRIES
40
MELTING ARCTIC FAUNA
52
Public Seating
Economical Revitalization with Quarry-scape
Visualization of Geological Process and Ecological Entanglement
CO U RS E WO RK
CASPCA DOG THERAPY GARDEN VA, Charlottesville Planted Form & Function III Critics: Julie Bargmann Through this project, we have continuously worked on planting design of the three acre field during the semester. We repeatedly spatialized and programed the field with plants to fulfill selected company’s’ mission. This garden is dedicated to Charlottesville Albemarle SPCA, and designed for dogs, their owners, and trainers. Especially, it provides dogs with opportunity to maintain their good health through sports and exercises in the various grass fields, mentally recovered from their trauma with space that is filled with specific relaxing species, and train themselves with a series of programs.
4
Collage showing schematic, textual ideas of the detail planting design.
FIRMS' MISSION & MANIFESTO CASPCA, MISSION STATEMENT: Advance the compassionate treatment of animals by providing sheltering, medical care, and behavioral services for dogs and cats; promoting permanent, caring homes; and furthering education and outreach.
PROJECT MANIFESTO: Charlottesville Albemarle SPCA Dog Therapy Garden is designed for variety of dogs such as puppy, adults, and even K9 to maintain their good health through sports and exercises. In addition to physical wellness, dogs are mentally recovered from their trauma through the programs taken place in the garden. Responding to the firm’s cremation service, the woodland adjacent to the facility provides forest where owners bury their dogs and respect spirits of the dogs.
Blueish color for dogs to relax
Accessible spatial boundary of grasses
6
1-2’
3-5’
6’
5”
Axonometric sketch
A 3.2 Axon
Reddish mass of flowers for dogs’ vitality
Urine tolerant species for making
7
Puppy tricks training
Canine maze
Canine maze Puppy manner training
4. OFF LEASH TRAINING
Caffeteria & Rest area
Socializing circle
Sports & K9 training
Reactive rover training
Bravery circle for shy dogs
CANOPY
Black Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica
00
32' 32'
64' 64'
0
32'
64'
Japanese Maple Acer palmatum
Trauma recovery circle
SHRUB & UNDERSTORY
Thornless Common Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis
Red Twig Dogwood Cornus alba 'Sibirica'
Uruguayan Pampus Grass Cortaderia selloana
White Fringe Tree Chionanthus virginicus
Common Purple Lilac Syringa vulgaris
1 & 3. SOMBER SUNLIGHT
Crematory
2. WADING MEADOW
GROUNDCOVER
0
32'
64'
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 'Slender Silhouette'
Blue Sedge Carex glauca
Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris
Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus
Bentgrass Agrostis L.
Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis
Kurapia Phyla (Lippia) nodiflora
Box hedge Buxus sempervirens
Rue-anemone Thalictrum thalictroides
Aspen Daisy Erigeron speciosus
Slough Sedge Carex obnupta
Orange New Zealand Sedge Carex testacea
Feather Reedgrass Calamagrostis acutiflora
Red Clover Trifolium pratense
Foam Flower Tiarella cordifolia
1. SOMBER SUNLIGHT in SPRING (woodland) Sunlight comes through massivvve canopy of Tulip Poplar and illuminates the place of adieu. - Fringe tree / Chionanthus virginicus - Box Hedge / Buxus sempervirens - Rue-anemone / Thalictrum thalictroides - Foamflower / Tiarella cordifolia
10
2. WADING MEADOW in SUMMER (wet meadow) Blue bed of Aspen Daisy, which highlighted by Marsh Marigold, excites dogs and invite them to the pool. - Aspen Daisy / Erigeron speciosus - Marsh Marigold / Caltha palustris - Sweetgum / Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Slender Silhouette’ - Thornless Common Honeylocust / Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis
11
3. SOMBER SUNLIGHT in FALL (woodland) Geometrically plumbed Box Hedge lets visitors to stroll through gold foliage of Fringe Trees. - Fringe tree / Chionanthus virginicus - Box Hedge / Buxus sempervirens - Tulip Poplar / Liriodendron tulipifera
12
4. TRAINING PLAYING + HIDE & SEEK in WINTER (field) Different texture and height of grasses provide dogs and their owners fields for any kinds of activities. - Red Twig Dogwood / Cornusalba ‘Sibirica’ - Orange New Zealand Sedge / Carex testacea - Feather Reedgrass / Calamagrostis acutiflora - Bentgrass / Agrostis L. - Uruguayan Pampasgrass / Cortaderia selloana
13
STUDIO WORK
CULTIVATION OF GROUND VA, Charlottesville Foundation Studio I: PATH: SYSTEMS OF SEQUENCE Critics: Leena Cho, Brad Goetz This studio engages movement in relation to topographic form via the concept of path. Through movement and study, we traverse the terrain and learn to interpret spatial, biophysical, material and climatic conditions first as a set of parameters and processes, and then as catalysts of social and ecological performance. My theme is to make a path that provides different levels of ground softness. Researches focus on relationships between ground materials and soil types that interacts based upon climatic conditions, time and specific soil animals that cultivate ground.
14
Axonometric drawing of a designed path that has different ground softness which changes over time with material transformation.
Dead leaves
Gravels
Leaves on slope
Moss in humid forest
Grass on hilltop
Leaves and rocks mix on steep slope
Leaves on ditch
Decomposed fragments of log
Wood mulch
MATERIAL SKETCHES
MATERIALS & SOFTNESS Ground materials that affect on ground softness such as soils, groundcovers, grasses, roots, rhizomes, gravels, etc. These are spatializing, and transposition of softness is actually making unique paths.
16
MATERIAL CURATION
17
Immature tre roots
Roots on slope
Blocked by rock
Blocked by wall
Close to another roots
Near shrubs
Roots on bedrock
BUCKLING ROOTS SITUATIONS
Linear
Inside
Sparce
Concentrated
hard
Filling Sunny
COMPETING ROOTS & BUCKLING
Rainy
soft
After raining
WEATHER & GROUND SOFTNESS
EE
TR S OT
RO underground roots
new roots
T
ES
ce
R FO
s fa ot ur e: ro s ur g rd at lin ha M ck ng bu aki m
e ac sp e: ge ur ar ee at l tr m ing he Im ver d t co oun ar
ce pa g: g s ee un in tr Yo ver the co ar ne RS
TE
T LI d le
Pi
r ve Co
up
in
d re te
at Sc
g e ac
sp
R
VE CO
D
N
OU
GR rhizome
d le
Pi up
g
in
ow gr
g in ad re ly Sp pid ra
ly
ot
Sp S OS M
3
et
rp
Ca
2
in
ow gr
g in ad re ly Sp pid ra
ly ot
Sp g CK
RO bb Pe
5
10
MATERIAL GROWTH OVER 100 YEARS 18
20
le
er
ld
le bb
Co
u Bo 1
30
100 (Y)
Expected time to complete processes 0
Decomposer
Shredders
1Y
10 Y
40 - 50 Y
50 Y
4-5W Millipede
Sowbug
Earthworm
Bacteria
Fungi
Size of soil animals 0
10 - 1,4000 mm 1,5000 mm 2 - 35 mm
7 - 15 mm 10-6 mm Fallen log 10-6 mm Seedling
10-5 mm
Forest litters OM (recognizable) OM (unrecognizable) Mineral / Humus mix Bacteria
Fungal hyphae
Fungi (nutrients sender)
Leaching
Rhizosphere
Plant exudate
Roots
Fungi (decomposer)
-5
00
10
1,
Fungal hyphae bring nutrients to roots. Roots and bacteria trade nutrients, metabolites, and exudate in rhizosphere.
0 m
m
m
m
DECOMPOSITION SYSTEM
Shallow & Wide
Deep & Narrow
Hybrid
Rhizome
Umbrella
Microbial community Shallow Middle Deep
ROOT STRUCTURE & MICROBIAL COMMUNITY Oxygen & Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide Epigeic
Endogeic
Organic matter Recognizable organic matter
10 cm
Unrecognizable organic matter
20 cm
Water infiltration Mineral / Humus
Leaching
1m
EARTHWORM TRAVEL IN GROUND
DEEPNESS BASED ON SPECIES 19
Anecic
B
C’
B’
EXPLORATION OF CULTIVATED SOFTNESS Gabions control intensity of buckling roots. Young roots go through the space between larger rocks to reach water whereas small rocks completely block their way that results in thicker buckling. Gabions also acceralate decomposition of ground when they are built on water flow lines since organic materials are consistently collected and water decomposes them. Different texture of materials gives chance to walkers to feel a variety of ground softness.
C
D’
D
A
A’
Softness level Hard
Soft
Gabion (small) A Gabion (large)
Water path
Forest litter A'
Decomposed soil Sand Loam
CHANGE IN GROUND SOFTNESS WITH DECOMPOSITION & WATER FLOW OVER TIME
22
Ground Softness Dark blue: soft Medium blue: medium soft Light blue: hard Foam: gabion walls
Hard path made by tree roots
Emergence of soil animals below ground
23
STUDIO WORK
URBAN BIRDS ORCHESTRA VA, Charlottesville Foundation Studio II: CHARLOTTESVILLE WITHOUT US Critics: Teresa Gali-Izard, Andrea Hansen-Phillips, Emma Mendel Urban birds are exploring to find foods, make a relationship and nest, by communicating with their own unique songs. These songs can get adversely affected by urban noise pollution, especially traffic noise in a way that it covers their songs animating female or calls warning their fellows. For this reason, space along 5th St. is difficult to stay even if it is a desirable place to create their habitat or forage. This project is challenging to create a landscape of the noisy artery that protects urban birds from traffic noise and allows to nest and feed.
24
Birds
Squirrel
Frog
Collage that visualizes invisible e f fe c t s s u c h a s s o u n d s a n d t e m p a re t u re o n e c o l o g i c a l communities and landscape.
A VIEW OF 5TH STREET
URBAN BIRDS CROSSING 5TH STREET 5th street, one of the biggest artery in the city, is crossing south area of Charlottesville and makes noise all day. Urban birds explore forest, gardens, and parks around this street for their foods. They are using trees on median to cross the road, but often times hesitate to do it because of heavy traffic and its noise. 26
Noise level High
Seasonal behavior N
D
J
F
O
M
S
A A
Low Bird species Northern Cardinal
J
J
M
Migration Breeding Molt
Northern Cardinal
American Robin Field Sparrow
American Robin
Passenger Pigion Logerhead Shrike
Field Sparrow
Areas & Lines Upper forest
Passenger Pigion
Lower forest Forest along 5th St. Trees on median
5TH ST. COMMUNITY GARDEN
Logerhead Shrike
Lawn Residential garden Diet & foraging area Movement through median Movement of same species
ES DG RI
HA RR IS
RD
.
5T
H
ST .
T.
Trajectory
HARRIS RD
.
MAPPING OF URBAN BIRDS TRAJECTORY & NOISE LEVEL
NOISE POLLUTION VS BIRDS' SONG
15M
g an lr Ca e
Birds' song volume has a range between
g an gr
n So
around 49 dBA and 70 dBA which overraps
e
the range of typical traffic noise. This noise travels horizontally and literally blocks birds' communication whereas huge noise tend to ascend. Additionally, this noise is usually
49
lower frequency that significantly influences
52 55
on courtship songs that also have low tone.
Birds song
Since urban birds cross roads by perching on
Passing track
trees situated along the roads, this causes
Passing track
serious issues for their living environment.
Motorcycle
61
50 M
M 50
58 Birds call
67 70 73 76 79 64 82 dBA
NOISE & BIRDS' SONG TRAVEL
Nesting
Sycamore
Green ash
Backyard
Dwelling
Community garden
Red oak
Blue-Winged Warbler
Yellow Throated Vimero
12 kHz 8
8
4
4
0 0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0 0
2.0s 2.0s
Rose Breasted Grosbeak 12 kHz
Summer Tanager
8
4
4 0.5
1.0
1.5
0 0
2.0s Baltimore Oliore
12 kHz
8
4
4 0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0s
1.0
1.5
2.0s
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0s
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0s
12 kHz
8
0 0
0.5
12 kHz
8
0 0 Northern Cardinal
12 kHz
0 0
LOWER TONE AFFECTED BY URBAN NOISE
Diet & Foraging
5th St. SW
Red oak
Backyard
SOIL TYPE
CARDINALS CROSSING 5TH STREET
Loam Silt Bedrock
0
5
10
20M
Compacted
NOISE ATTENUATION Habitat range
Hilly
lt Ba
LANDFORM Flat
eO or
im
Su
re
lio
Mounted hill
er
m
m n Ta er
ag
ea Br se Ro ste e sb ro dG
a ro Th
ak
w lo Ye te
e-
o er
im
u Bl
dV
wi ed
ng r Wa ble r
Sound ray Highway
(bottom) PROPOSED TOPOGRAPHY
50m
m 7.4
m 50
(right) ATTENUATION & AMPLIFICATION OF SOUND
SOUND MIRROR -Amprifying Bird’s SongLANDFORM
Round
Concave
Hilly
5TH ST. COMMUNITY GARDEN
Dwelling Quercus Rubra Platanus Occidentalis Fraxinus Americana EXISTING
Acer Rubrum Fruit shrubs
30%
5TH
0M
10
IAN
MED
100
PROPOSED
30
M
ST.
45%
WIND DIRECTION Against
Basin
Hillocks
Hillocks
INSTALLATION Stone Amprifier
Following
BUILDING Small
Large
125Hz: 0.10 1kHz: 0.10 4kHz: 0.10
125Hz: 0.35 1kHz: 0.15 4kHz: 0.05
125Hz: 0.05 1kHz: 0.90 4kHz: 0.95
SOUND ABSORPTION Sound absorption coefficient 125Hz: 0.50 1kHz: 0.35 4kHz: 0.50
Green wall 4kHz 1kHz
125Hz
Concrete
Glass
4kHz 1kHz
125Hz
Fiber glass 4kHz 1kHz
4kHz 1kHz
125Hz
125Hz
MOORES CREEK
BETWEEN 5TH ST. & RIDGE ST.
Dwelling
Fraxinus Americana
Deciduous trees
Platanus Occidentalis
Acer Rubrum
Deciduous trees
Coniferous trees 25% Fruit shrubs
Fruit shrubs
60% 5TH
EEK
MOORES CR
5TH
ST.
IAN
MED
IAN
MED
31
ST.
NEW HABITAT INTERACTING WITH NEIGHBORHOOD Manipulated landforms probide better habitat for urban birds by deteriorating traffic noise and echoing birds song. Fruits shrubs serve foods, trees on medians become bridges to cross roads, and valley-like hill slope becomes major area of nesting for birds. Additionally, neighbors will observe the revealed birds' community and be intrigued with their orchestra.
Forest FOREST
Backyard Mound BACKYARD MOUND
Dwelling DWELLING
Sidewalk Mound SIDEWALK MOUND
Trees Median TREESon ON MEDIA
n (bridge urban birds) AN (BRIDGEfor FOR URBAN BIRDS)
Hillside Noise Attenuation HILLSIDE NOISE ATTENUATION
Forest FORESTon ONSlope SLOPE
EXPLORATION OF URBAN BIRDS & NEIGHBORS SCALE
00
1:80
11
33
55
10M 10M
STUDIO WORK
FLIPPING POCKETS VA, Charlottesville Foundation Studio III: PUBLIC SEATING Critics: Elizabeth Meyer, Emma Mendel This work is the first exercise of foundation studio III that took one month for research on local public space, design of seating space, and simulation of the designed bench in urban setting. Through this exercise, we did spatializing, testing, and prototyping the public realm. “Flipping Pockets” stem from my observation on people that prefer to seat in a “pocket” where seating space is situated off street and surrounded by physical / psychological buffer. Situating on the edge between urban park and promenade, the seating space could literally flip based on the number of visitors and their feelings.
34
Ideograms showing spatialization of "pocket" along streets.
35
D
IN
Y
ET
F SA
H BE
T
KE
C PO
T
EE
HE
T FF
R ST
O
T
EE
R ST
SPATIAL DEFINITION OF "POCKET"
SPATIALIZATIONI OF "POCKET" IN PUBLIC SPACE From my observation on noisy streets around school, people like to sit on place off street. Take a bus stop for example, students prefer pocket-like seating space although a bench is provided at its boarding position. Physical and psychological factors such as shapes, paving patterns, shades, temperature, materiality, accommodation, etc. spatialize this pocket as provided rest space where they can be released from street chaos. 36
STUDY OF PUBLIC SEATING
37
Individual use
Interactive moments
Space for groups of people
SPATIALIZED POCKETS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF USERS
1’-3” 1'-6 7/16"
10"
FLIPPING SECTION
1'-7 3/16"
10 feet
38
2'-2 7/8"
2'-10 9/16"
ial erc
ing
ild
Bu
ark nP
mm
Co
ba Ur
t
ee 5f
FLIPPING POCKETS AT A CORNER OF COMMERCIAL STREETS
2'-4 7/16"
2'-2 7/8"
1'-1 7/16"
1'-7 3/16"
39
THESIS PROJECT
THE STAGES DEDICATED TO THE QUARRIES Kitagishima Island, Okayama, Japan Master thesis project of Chiba University Adviser: Toru Mitani This project is a compilation of my two years work for master degree at Chiba University and consists of the research and the analysis about quarries’ landscape and the design proposal focusing on development of tourism industry. The main objective of this project is revitalization of Kitagishima island, known as one of the major quarrying sites that has been completely declined. The research concentrates on landscape foreignization induced by comparing the quarry landscape to Sansui-ga, traditional landscape watercolor paintings, painted by Sesshu, a Japanese old artist.
40
Collage of a quarry that evokes a sense of traditional water collar paintings.
f rock wall One side
s of the quarry of Sesshu.
Spational composition and pattern of rock wall Isolation-type
Approachable-type
Edgewise-type
Vertical cracks & trees located top and middle
余白
Isolation
Approachable
Edgewise
Texture: vertical cracks Plants: top & middle
SIMILARITY IN SPATIAL COMPOSITION BETWEEN PAINTINGS & ROCK WALLS
Walking in the quarries provide reminiscent experiences of the scrolls.
COMPARISON OF SPATIAL COMPOSITION BETWEEN TRADITIONAL PAINTINGS & QUARRY-SCAPE The researches on spatial composition of traditional water color paintings revealed that there are similarities in the quarries in Kitagishima island. The Isolation type has quarry lakes or deep holes between rock walls and flat space in front whereas some quarries let us approach walls. The edgewise type is situated along paths. Rock walls in the island basically have vertical cracks and trees at the top and middle of the walls. 42
No. 18
No. 2
No. 16
No. 1
No. 14
No. 13
No. 9
No. 11
No. 4
No. 17
No. 15
No. 12
No. 19
No. 20
No. 8
No. 21
No. 7
No. 10
No. 3
No. 5
No. 6
Researched quarries Rock walls Pathways connecting to quarries Observation points & direction
RESEARCH MAP 43
2021
ďŹ fth toriennale
5 Industrializing Tourism Tourism which is no longer depended on the toriennale will be completely converted from quarrying
100%
4 Tourism Activation
2021
Because of setting two kinds of base areas for the quarries and leisure, tourism can be promoted.
70%
2020
2019
forth toriennale
3 Reuse as Exhibition The artists ďŹ nd their own quarry where they would like to use for their arts.
40%
2 Advertising the Quarries Telling the artists whole things of the quarries and how beautiful they are draws their motivation of work.
20%
2017
2016
third toriennale
1 Invitation of Artists Programing the Island into the toriennale interests lots of artists all over the world.
START The percent of tourism progression
STRATEGY FOR TOURISM
PROGRAMING TROURISM BASE This proposal consists of five phases to achieve tourism industrialization. With special art event, Setouchi Toriennale, the plan is completed in five years. Kitagishima is programmed into the Setouch Triennale so that it can become one of the tourism bases. New sea routes are connected to the existing island's routes and main base areas situated around ports invite visitors to the quarries and leisure facilities. 44
Legends
Okayama
Principal ports Proposal of root connection Sea roots of the art festival Sea roots of Kasaoka islands Main roads
Kitagi-island
Kagawa SEA ROUTE DESIGN Daifuku ferry ăƒť Kanafuro ferry
Shiraishijima-Island
Sanyou ferry (normal) Sanyou ferry (high speed)
Kitagishima-Island
Gourmet Kitagishima Nangoku restaurant
12
11
13
Daifuku ramen shop 14
Toyoura port
09
15
10
Kusunoki beach Toyoura district Kusunoki district
01 08
Kusunoki port
16
02 07
17
05 21 20
Kanafuro port 06
04
Quarry exploration area
03
Kanafuro district
Kitagi junior high school (Museum inside)
Oura beach
Leisure area Oura district
Amanoya hotel
Legends
Minato-ya
Oura port 19
Quarries
18
Disused factories Hotels
Restaurants
Sarai of the Island (Guest house)
Beach
Musium
TraďŹƒcway Trail
Shipping route
Neighborhood area
ISLAND PLAN 45
To Manabeshima-Island
SUPER ISOLATION Glass wall
Forest
Main square
TEASING VIEW Remote quarries behind the site Expected view from the stages
Stage
46
The waterfall stage D’
C’
B’
Quarry lake
The floating stage
The underwater stage
D A’
Glass wall
Forest Main square C
B
Restaurant Eshibition of the quarrying history Disused factory as legacy Central information center
A
Grass field
47
Eshibition room Information center
Frame
Restaurant
Sunken square
Stone tile
Stone stool
Disused factory A
A’
Ore debris
PLAN 0
2
5
10
20M
Vacant house Grass field
Disused factory
Information center
Stone stool
Retaurant
Sunken square
Stone tile
Forest
Main square
Lawn
A
A’
SECTION 0
2
5
10
20M
MAIN SQUARE
Frame
Stairs (entrance)
Glass wall
Stairs (exit)
B1
B2
The underwater stage
B
B’
Waterfall
Entrance
Stage
PLAN
Frame
0
2
5
10
20M
Frame
Glass wall
Stairs (exit)
B1
B2
Acrylic plate
Rock wall
Platform
B
B’
Ladder SECTION
UNDERWATER STAGE
0
2
5
10
20M
48
Disused factory
Grass wall
Quarry lake
Slit
Crane
Floating path
The floating stage
Quarry lake
C
C’
Stage
Glass wall
Intermittently blocked view
PLAN 0
2
5
10
Disused factory
20M
Grass wall
Slit
Crane
Floating path
The floating stage
Quarry lake
Dramatic landscape transition
C
C’
SECTION 0
2
5
10
20M
FLOATING STAGE
Glass wall
Stairs
Niche path
Quarry lake
The waterfall stage
D’
Quarry lake
Rain
Overflow & waterfall
Rise in the water label
PLAN 0
2
5
10
20M
Rock wall The floating stage
Rock wall
Glass wall Water path
Entrance Glass wall Quarry lake
Niche path
Quarry lake
D
D’
SECTION
WATERFALL STAGE
0
2
5
10
20M
49
CO U RS E WO RK
MELTING ARCTIC FAUNA Project focusing on arctic region Digital Computation III Critics: Matthew Seibert Video links: - Ex1, Thermokarst in Utqiagvik: https://vimeo.com/296350697 - Ex2, Winter Travel of Arctic Fox: https://vimeo.com/297659516 This project comprises four exercises, Geomorphology, Ecology, Entanglement, and Futurism. Through the coursework, we explored geological process and ecological entanglement, and projected alternate realities of selected ecological community. My project focuses on arctic regions, especially northern Alaska, to visualize process of thermokarst and geological system of arctic fauna featured by life of arctic fox. Unity, gaming software, allows people to travel the virtual landscape in real time and realize the complex ecology in such extreme environment.
52
Virtural landscape illustlating a future arctic environment and arctic animals that inhabit there.
53
GEOLOGICAL & ECOLOGICAL PROCESS OF ARCTIC REGION The first project was focusing on visualizing geological process of thermokarst in Utqiagvik, Alaska. Freeze thaw repeatedly melts and freezes over time, and this process transforms the place into a lake called thermokarst eventually. The second project illustrates ecological process of arctic fox, especially in winter. They travel long distance on sea ice to search foods and master hunting. 54
55
VIRTURAL LANDSCAPE REFLECTING ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT
ENTANGLEMENT OF ARCTIC ANIMALS Continuing the past two projects, this project visualizes ecological relationships of arctic animals by gaming software. In the virtual landscape, players explore the extreme environment and discover arctic animals such as arctic foxes, polar bears, wolves, and killer whales. 56
57
This game is visualizing the potential shift of Arctic fauna based on expected climate changes in future. As a series of the past work have illustrated, arctic environments have strong relationships with arctic animals. Taking arctic foxes for example, they travel more than a hundred kilometers a day on sea ice for their foods and take advantage of permafrost by utilizing it as a fridge. Especially speaking of arctic sea ice, summer ice extent has declined by forty percent in forty years, and ice has thinned considerably, experiencing a decline in volume of seventy percent over the same period. This has given significant impact on arctic fauna, especially mammals such as arctic foxes and polar bears that use sea ice for hunting, and the entire food web in Arctic will be continuously influenced. As playing this game, you will notice the virtual reality of future arctic fauna. Overwhelmed arctic foxes, segregated polar bears, and a pod of killer whales hunting near the shoreline with glistening eyes. In addition to those animals, you will also experience extreme climates and remarkable characteristics of underwater world. Even if the situation shifts, the extreme landscapes are still sublime, magnificent, and beautiful. Without thinking of major ecological issues, just enjoy exploring the future Arctic. Feel the landscape of extreme.
