The Portfolio Development Process
What is ADDIE? | The portfolio development process What is ADDIE? The ADDIE model is a systematic approach to the instructional design process. It provides instructional designers with a framework in order to make sure that their instructional products are effective and that their creative processes are as efficient as they can possibly be. ADDIE stands for the steps of the model. Each step has an outcome that feeds the subsequent step. Evaluation is essential after each step.
Analyze: Define the needs and constraints Design: Specify learning activities, assessment and choose methods and media Develop: Begin production, formative evaluation, and revise Implement: Put the plan into action Evaluate: Evaluate the plan from all levels for next implementation
The portfolio development process Follow the ADDIE model for a systematic approach for creating your portfolio. Analyze
Answer the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Design
What is the purpose of this portfolio? What type are you creating? Who is the audience? What learner goals is your portfolio demonstrating? What tools will you need? What are short- and long-term goals?
Organize and design the portfolio. 1. Determine the content and presentation sequence. Create outlines, flowcharts, storyboards, and/or sketches. 2. List the portfolio items (artifacts) that you will include. Organize by topic/context if necessary. 3. Review your plans. Imagine being able to hand your outlines, flowcharts, etc. to someone else; if your work is well-designed, he or she should be able to develop your portfolio following your plans.
Develop
Create the portfolio. 1. Gather the artifacts, either electronically or in hard copy. If desired, create PDF documents out of your existing files. 2. Create HTML (or other format, if appropriate) files as appropriate to your portfolio.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Write reflection statements about the artifacts you chose. Write any other necessary text. Incorporate links. Incorporate graphics (or other multimedia as desired).
Implement
Post the portfolio online.
Evaluate
Evaluate the portfolio's effectiveness in light of its purpose and context. Make changes and additions as necessary.
Process written by Peyri Hamada, based on Helen Barrett's Framework for the Multimedia Development Process.
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Stage 1. Instructional Goals * Instructional Goal: Desirable state of affairs by instruction * Needs Analysis : Analysis of a discrepancy between an instructional goal and the present state of affairs or a personal perception of needs. Stage 2. Instructional Analysis * Purpose : To determine the skills involved in reaching a goal * Task Analysis (procedural analysis) : about the product of which would be a list of steps and the skills used at each step in the procedure * Information-Processing Analysis : about the mental operations used by a person who has learned a complex skills * Learning-Task Analysis : about the objectives of instruction that involve intellectual skills Stage 3. Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics * Purpose : To determine which of the required enabling skills the learners bring to the learning task * Intellectual skills * Abilities such as verbal comprehension and spatial orientation * Traits of personality Stage 4. Performance Objectives * Purpose : To translate the needs and goals into specific and detailed objectives * Functions : Determining whether the instruction related to its goals. Focusing the lesson planning upon appropriate conditions of learning Guiding the development of measures of learner performance Assisting learners in their study efforts.
Stage 5. Criterion-Referenced Test Items *To diagnose an individual possessions of the necessary prerequisites for learning new skills *To check the results of student learning during the process of a lesson *To provide document of students progress for parents or administrators *Useful in evaluating the instructional system itself (Formative/ Summative evaluation) *Early determination of performance measures before development of lesson plan and instructional materials Stage 6. Instructional Strategy * Purpose : To outline how instructional activities will relate to the accomplishment of the objectives *The best lesson design : Demonstrating knowledge about the learners, tasks reflected in the objectives, and effectiveness of teaching strategies e.g. Choice of delivering system. Teacher-led, Group-paced vs. Learner-centered, Learner-paced Stage 7. Instructional Meterials * Purpose : To select printed or other media intended to convey events of instruction. * Use of existing materials when it is possible * Need for development of new materials, otherwise * Role of teacher : It depends on the choice of delivery system Stage 8. Formative Evaluation * Purpose : To provide data for revising and improving instructional materials * To revise the instruction so as to make it as effective as possible for larger number of students * One on One : One evaluator sitting with one learner to interview * Small Group * Field Trial Stage 9. Summative Evaluation * Purpose : To study the effectiveness of system as a whole * Conducted after the system has passed through its formative stage * Small scale/ Large Scale * Short period/ Long period ขอมูลจากเว็บ http://www.umich.edu/~ed626/Dick_Carey/dc.html
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The Morrison, Ross and Kemp Model, more commonly known as the Kemp Model defines different elements – not “step, stage, level, or sequential item” (Morrison, Ross & Kemp 2004, p.10) of an instructional design, and emphasizes the adoption of continuous implementation and evaluation through the instructional design process. According to Morrison et al, there are nine key elements to instructional design: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Identify instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program. Examine learner characteristics that should receive attention during planning. Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes. State instructional objectives for the learner. Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning. Design instructional strategies so that each learner can master the objectives. Plan the instructional message and delivery. Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives. Select resources to support instruction and learning activities.
These elements are independent of each other, in that they do not need to be considered in a linear fashion and there is no particular start- and end point. The oval shape of this model (see Figure 1) is constructed to convey the idea that the design and development process is an iterative cycle that needs constant planning, design, development and assessment to ensure effective instruction.
Read more: Morrison Ross And Kemp Model | E-Learning Curve Blog Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives
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