Kidsworld Ingham

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October 2014 Ingham County Edition

For Kids To Enjoy!

Have A Happy And SAFE Halloween!

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Volume 8, Issue 2, October 2014

I Love To Read!

What was your favorite book? What made you like it so much? If you were to write a book, what would it be about?

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It’s A Great Day At Kids’ World News!

There is so much to like about October! First of all, it’s one of the most colorful months in Michigan. Just look outside to see the trees turning brilliant shades of orange, red, purple, yellow and brown. It’s a great month to visit apple orchards and pick your own apples, run through a corn maze or take a wagon ride through a pumpkin patch. Did you know that a pumpkin with a carved face and a candle or light inside is called a Jack-O-Lantern?

That brings us to Halloween! The one night of the year kids can dress up and get free candy! Pretty cool! If you go trick or treating or to a Halloween Party, planning what you are going to wear for a costume is half of the fun! Is your costume going to be funny, spooky, or surprising?

Make sure you practice safety when you’re going out and that a responsible adult is with you at all times with a cell phone. Be polite and say thank you for your treat. Also have your parents check your candy BEFORE you eat it when you get home. Keep only the treats that are unopened with wrappers that aren’t torn or have holes in them. Most of all - never go into a stranger’s home or get into a stranger’s car. Carry a flashlight, or glow stick so you are more visible to cars. In other words, use caution and safety while your’re out having fun. Halloween can be a fun time for all!

Pat and Debi

Holt - Dimondale Agency, Inc. was established in 1960 by Pat Brown’s father and has now grown to two locations. They employ ten people.

This agency provides all lines of personal and commercial insurances.

Pat Brown, owner, is very involved with the community as the Educational Foundation’s President in Holt, he is the President of Holt Business Alliance and a member of HoltSouth Lansing Rotary besides being a sponsor of the Hero Run. He has also been a sponsor of Kids’ World News for four years!

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If you would like to see Kids’ World News at your school or if you would like to be one of our proud sponsors please call 517-285-6641 (email: production@kidsworldnews.net).

Kids’ World News is designed to give exposure to all area schools, recognition of students and staff members. We welcome input from all our area schools. We do however reserve the right to edit.

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October 2014, Page 2

Why Do Evergreens Stay Green All Year Round?

Evergreen trees - also known as conifers (because of the cones that hold their seeds) include spruce, fir and pine trees. Unlike deciduous trees which loose all of their leaves at the same time, evergreens do not. They are able to make new leaves before the old ones fall off. Some evergreens can keep their leaves a few years before they fall off!

Evergreens have adapted to live in climates where there may be limited annual sunshine and/or available water. They thrive in cold climates. Their leaves have adapted to make the most of this.

The evergreen leaves look like needles. Botanists discovered that the needles are actually regular leaves that are rolled up very tightly. This shape allows the evergreen to conserve water. They also have a very waxy coating that helps save water during the summer and winter months.

The leaves on evergreen trees have the same function as leaves of other trees.

They make food for the tree by using photosynthesis. The leaves are often dark green indicating that a lot of sun-absorbing chlorophyll is present. By having a lot of small leaves that are packed with chlorophyll, the tree gathers as much energy as it can to prepare for the lack of sunlight during the winter months

as evergreens do photosynthesis all year around. The dark color also keeps the tree warm in its cold environment because the darker leaves absorb more sunlight.

In cold climates where the evergreen lives, even with a large amount of precipitation, the water is often frozen and unavailable to the tree. When that happens, the evergreen will go dormant and rest until conditions are right for photosynthesis to start again. The small surface area and the thick coating of wax on the needle like leaves allows the tree to retain more water. There is less surface area available for evaporation.

The small leaves also have small holes called stomata that are used for gas exchange. These can be closed very tightly to stop water loss. The small pointy leaves and the cone-like shape of the tree itself, sheds snow more easily than other trees so the evergreens are not as likely to break under the weight of snow and ice.

Try This!

Put two cups of water on a table in the sun. Leave one cup open to the air. Cover the other cup with plastic wrap. Notice how the sun’s energy begins to evaporate the water? From which cup is the water evaporating faster? The answer to this experiment will help you understand how the waxy coating on evergreen leaves or needles helps conserve water for the tree.

Is Your Child Bully Proof?

77% of all school age children are bullied. Every 7 minutes a child is bullied. Don’t let YOUR child be next!

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October 2014, Page 3

Did You Know?

Can you complete this dot-to-dot?

• Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837, as the 26th state.

• Michigan includes: - 57,022 square miles of land area - 16,439 square miles in the Upper Peninsula - 1,194 square miles of inland waters - 38,575 square miles of Great Lake water area - 3,126 miles of Great Lakes shoreline - more fresh water coastline than any other state) - 19,000,000 acres of forest cover

• Michigan is the only state that touches four of the five Great Lakes. 40 of Michigan’s 83 counties touch at least one of the Great Lakes. Anywhere in Michigan, you are within 85 miles of one of the Great Lakes.

• Michigan has more than 11,000 inland lakes and more than 36,000 miles of streams. You are never more than six miles from one of them.

• As of 2013, Michigan’s population was 9,895,622 people. It is the 9th most populous state in the United States after California, New York, Texas, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Ohio.

• Michigan’s major industries are car manufacturing, farming (corn soybeans, wheat), timber and fishing.

Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair

• Major Lakes are: Lake Michigan, Lake Superior,

• Bordering States are Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, Minnesota (across Lake Superior).

• Major Rivers are: Detroit River, Grand River, Kalamazoo River, St. Clair River and St. Marys River.

• The highest point in Michigan is Mt. Arvon - 1,978 feet above sea level - located in the upper peninsula.

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October 2014, Page 4

Trace The Yarn And Help The Cat Find The Ball!

Help the frog go through the maze so he can catch the flies!

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Missionary Month

October is missionary month at Capitol City Baptist Church and School. Our students will have the privilege of hearing current missionaries and those who are raising support so they can go out to the missionary field.

What an opportunity for our students to get first hand information on God’s leading and direction as well as details of each country.

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College Visit

Maranatha Baptist College students will be presenting Capitol City Baptist School’s Chapel Service for our students on September 26, 2014. We always appreciate their visits. These opportunities give our students an option to consider when seeking direction after graduation.

The St. Martha School Theme for 2014-15 Virtues, Forgiveness & Olweus The Catholic Bishops’ Theme for Catechists “God’s Gift of Forgiveness,” ties in beautifully with our theme!

For the past 3 years, St. Martha School has received grants from the Sisters of Charity which supports the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. We are excited to incorporate the study of virtues & forgiveness along with our work as we begin our fourth year. The students have monthly class meetings, use role-play, and discuss best dialogue, best practice, best habits & best actions in any given situation. The students experience chances to forgive and to be forgiven if a misunderstanding or a mistake occurs.

The incorporation of Jesus’ messages, the virtues, and specific positive dialogue all help students handle emotional encounters effectively. We thank the Sisters of Charity for their continued support of our commitment to teach students lifelong skills and Catholic values. The growth in wisdom and understanding of our students is remarkable and we are proud of them!

New Covenant Christian Elementary News

Powerful Prayer at the Flag Pole

If you would have driven past front of New Covenant Christian School on Wednesday, September 24th you would have seen the entire school body huddled around the flag polepraying. In fact, we weren’t alone! Chances are, you would have seen the same scene at many of the schools throughout the United States.

Schools all around the globe participated in “See you at the Pole”, a movement to unite kids with one simple thing: prayer.

They first began in 1990, and now, “SYATP is still about students humbling themselves, turning to God, and interceding for their generation.”

Students from kindergarten all the way up through seniors in high school stood in the dew covered grass and together, lifted up their school, government, friends, families, churches, and communities. “See you at the Pole” gives students an opportunity to simultaneously take ownership of their generation and the world around them while also putting their trust and faith in a God who is in control , which in turn gives everyone a hope for the future.

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October 2014, Page 6

Solve the math problem and then use the key below to color the picture.

Magic Squares!

Add down and across. Then ad the totals you calculated. The sum across should equal the sum down.

1477 5343

8489 8473

2745 9314

539

1208

5151

1158

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3907

5604

8203

Kids’ World News

867

7050 444

October 2014, Page 7

BREAKING NEWS! I Want To Be A Reporter!

What is it that reporters do? They investigate leads, news tips, and write stories that appear in newspapers, magazines or that are told on television and radio. They inform us about events, observations, read documents, take notes, present points of view on current issues and interview people.

Reporters can write their stories or make broadcasts if he or she is working as a newscaster or a news anchor. Reporters can work local, national or anywhere in the world! Some specialize in fields such as health, politics, foreign affairs, sports, theater, consumer affairs, social events, science, business,

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weather, or religion. Investigative reporters cover stories that may take days or weeks of information gathering. Some even use cameras when on the scene of an investigation.

A reporter is under pressure to meet deadlines and in most cases - every day. They can work in private offices, in large rooms with other reporters, in the field, live at the scene - basically anywhere and they must work long hours at times. The reporter’s schedule is usually not 8 to 5. A reporter may work nights, or early mornings and it may also involve weekend work. Traveling is required for most reporting jobs. Many reporters enter information using laptop computers and electronically submit their material to their offices from remote locations.

To do this job, a bachelor’s degree in journalism is preferred.

Working at school newspapers or broadcasting stations is good experience that an employer would look for. An internship at a news organization may also help.

A reporter needs to write effectively and clearly, plus be able to type on the computer. You need word processing and desk top publishing skills. It also helps if you can speak a second language.

While in high school, it is important to take English, journalism, social studies, speech, computer science and any writing classes.

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October 2014, Page 8

Cookin’ Fun

Howlin’ Candy Corn Cookie Bark

Chocolate Brains

Grease the sides of a medium mixing bowl. Combine noodles and marshmallows in the greased bowl.

Microwave chocolate chips in glass measuring cup or bowl. Stir every 30 seconds or so until chips are melted. Then pour the chocolate over the noodles and marshmallows and mix until coated.

Put a little oil on your hands and shape into 6 balls. Place on wax paper and cool in refrigerator until chocolate is hardened.

Line tray or baking sheet with wax paper. Wash and dry the apples. Insert 1 wooden craft stick into stem end of each apple.

Microwave caramels and water in large, microwavesafe bowl on high power for 2 minutes. Stir. Microwave at additional 10 to 20 second intervals, stirring until smooth.

Dip each apple into melted caramel; scrape excess caramel from bottoms. Quickly roll bottom half of apples in chopped Butterfinger, then place on prepared tray. Refrigerate for 45 minutes or until set.

Store apples in refrigerator in airtight container. Apples are best if they are served the same day as they are prepared.

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October 2014, Page 9

Dansville Elementary News

Dansville Elementary Students Walk the Red Carpet!

Students at Dansville Elementary were given the “red carpet treatment” on their first day of school on September 2nd. Students of all ages enjoyed the opportunity to feel like a celebrity as they strut their stuff down the red carpet and into the school for the first day. A feeling of excitement and celebration was in the air! So many students commented on how happy they were to be coming back to see their teachers and friends. As students entered their classrooms upbeat music was being played to welcome them back for another year of learning.

The school was decorated in school colors, balloons, and streamers to show our Dansville Aggie spirit from day one! Welcome back, Aggies!!

Just when we thought it couldn’t get any more fun or busy at school than it was in September -- as everyone settled into our shiny new rooms, meeting new teachers and friends -- October arrived like a flurry of falling autumn leaves, offering even more activities and learning opportunities at Immaculate Heart of Mary-St. Casimir.

October arrived with kids traveling everywhere! Many of our elementary-aged students were on the go, with the 4th graders making the annual trek to Camp Ebersole in Wayland, where they learn so much about our environment -- and enjoy campfires, stories and s’mores! Our 5th graders made their annual camp pilgrimage to the Howell Nature Center, where they continued their outdoor environmental and sociological studies.

Parents and teachers were treated to outstanding photos and many fascinating stories by the 6th graders, after their return from Michigan’s newest jewel: Artprize, and an exciting overnight stay at the John Ball

Webberville School News

Zoo in Grand Rapids.

Along with working hard in all of their core curriculum classes, as well as music, band, technology, forensics, art, foreign languages and physical education, many of our middle school students are spending more time in rehearsals for the popular annual middle school play, which will be held in early December. Additionally, our preschoolers, kindergartners and elementary school students are practicing their group performances for our bimonthly “Birthday Assembly,” held at the end of the October -- we are guessing that Halloween might just be a popular theme!

Happy autumn, everyone!

Webberville Elementary Boosters Make It Great!

Webberville Elementary School STARS are enjoying a new playground structure, compliments of the Boosters organization. The Boosters have worked for two years sponsoring many different activities to raise money for this project. The most successful event was a Penny Drive last spring that brought in close to a $1000! As you can see from the pictures, this is a great new addition to our elementary playground area enjoyed by students at every age! Thank you, Boosters!

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October 2014, Page 10

What Is An Allergy?

An allergy is your body’s immune system's reaction to certain plants, animals, foods, insect bites, or other things. Your immune system protects you from diseases by fighting germs like bacteria and viruses.

When you have allergies, it overreacts and tries to "fight" ordinary things like grass, pollen, or certain foods. This causes the sneezing, itching, and other reactions that you get with allergies.

Why Do Some Kids Get Allergies And Others Don’t?

Many allergies are passed to kids in the genes they get from their parents - so you have a better chance of having allergies if your mom or dad or other people in your family have them. People can develop allergies at any time in their life.

Many kids outgrow food allergies. Other allergies can last your whole lifetime, although they may be less severe or more severe at different times in your life.

Sometimes it's difficult to tell the difference between a cold and an allergy because the symptoms can be similar. If your cold symptoms last more than 2 weeks, you probably have an allergy instead of a cold.

There are other differences between colds and allergies you can look for. With allergies, your nose and eyes itch. Colds don't itch. The mucus, the stuff that comes from your nose or that you cough up, is different too.

With allergies, it's clear like water. With a cold, it's usually yellowish and thick.

If you sneeze and itch a lot, wheeze, or often get sick after eating a certain food, your doctor may want to check you for allergies. He or she will ask you a lot of questions about your health, about the animals and plants in your home, and about the foods you eat. Your answers will provide clues about what you might be allergic to, and your doctor may ask you to stay away from a pet or stop eating a certain food to see if your symptoms go away.

Your doctor may send you to an allergist, who’s a special doctor that helps people who

Kids’ World News

have allergies. An allergist may give you a scratch test to see if a tiny bit of an allergen will cause a reaction on your skin. You'll feel a quick pinch when the doctor makes the scratch or scratches. If you're allergic, one or more spots will become bumpy, itchy, and red - like a mosquito bite.

Your doctor will probably suggest ways to stay away from the allergen or prescribe a medicine for you to try.

Allergy medicine can be pills, liquids, or even sprays for your nose. If your allergies aren't too bad or if you can avoid the allergen completely, you might not need to take medicine staying away from the allergen might be enough to control your allergy.

If your symptoms don't get better by staying away from allergens and taking medicines, an allergist might recommend allergy shots. These shots make your immune system less sensitive to the allergens and can make your symptoms better.

Most medicines don't help with food allergies. People with food allergies have to learn to avoid any foods that have the ingredients they're allergic to. Your parents and your doctor can help you read the ingredients on food labels. Luckily, many kids outgrow allergies to milk, eggs, wheat, and soy. But allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and seafood usually last.

Also, your parents can help you pack safe snacks for occasions away from home when everyone else might be having something you can't, such as peanut butter ice cream. Then, instead of feeling left out, you can snack along with your friends - without risking an allergy attack and, even worse, having to go home early!

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October 2014, Page 11

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October 2014, Page 12

What Is A Hurdy Gurdy?!

The hurdy-gurdy is the first stringed instrument to which the keyboard principle was applied. The French name, Viella a Roue (wheel fiddle), describes the method by which sound is produced. The bowing action of the fiddle is replaced by a wheel cranked by a handle. The outer rim of the wooden wheel is coated with resin. When the crank is spun, the wheel turns and the gut strings vibrate.

Just as the bag of the bagpipe acts as a reservoir of air for continuous sound, so too the wheel makes possible continuous sound by avoiding changes of bowing. Both bagpipe and hurdy-gurdy use drones, provided in the former by reed pipes, and in the latter by strings which sound fixed pitches. Other strings tuned in unison provide notes of the scale. Tangents activated by keys press these strings at the appropriate points to produce different pitches.

There is evidence of the hurdy-gurdy in Europe in the twelfth century.

By the end of this century, the instruments were highly regarded. Before the year 1300 the instrument (known then as the organistrum), was often long enough to require two performers, one to crank, and one to pull the keys upward. Because of the great force involved in moving the keys, only slow tunes were playable. The hurdy gurdy was then reduced in size and became single player instruments. The key mechanism then required pushing rather than pulling so they could play more complex techniques.

It was widely used in the Middle Ages, and survived in the works of Vivaldi, Haydn, and Mozart.

The hurdy-gurdy also became the ideal instrument for dance music. It has long been associated with street musicians, and it is still played as a folk instrument in Europe.

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October 2014, Page 13

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States 1861-1865

Lincoln’s Portrait On The $5.00 Bill

The Lincoln Penny

Lincoln's likeness on Mount Rushmore

"I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families - second families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... moved from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all."

Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest."

He married Mary Todd, and they had four boys, only one of whom lived to maturity. Back in Springfield, he gradually began to prosper as a lawyer, often representing business interests, but his eloquently stated anti-slavery views gained him increasing attention. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860. Although he received only 40% of the popular vote, due to a split in the Democratic Party, Lincoln won a majority of the Electoral College votes. Although he had stated his willingness to tolerate slavery where it currently existed, his election precipitated the secession of Southern states and the formation of the Confederacy.

In the years of civil war that followed, the inexperienced Lincoln proved to be one of the most extraordinary leaders, both political and moral, the USA has ever seen. First defining the war as being fought over secession rather than slavery, he oversaw the creation of the Union army. When the political time was right he announced the Emancipation Proclamation (Sept. 1862), thereby interpreting the war as a crusade against slavery, and later oversaw the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment (1865) which legally ended slavery. With his immortal Gettysburg Address (Nov 1863), he stated most movingly: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs heralded an end to the war. In his planning for peace, the President was flexible and generous, encouraging Southerners to lay down their arms and join speedily in reunion.

The spirit that guided him was clearly that of his Second Inaugural Address, now inscribed on one wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C.: "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds.... " On Good Friday, April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theatre in Washington by John Wilkes Booth, an actor. The nation was truely saddened as one of it’s greatest leaders had fallen.

The Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C.

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October 2014, Page 14

American Football

Football, before the 19th century, referred to any number of ball games played on foot. Each game had different rules, some allowing the use of hands, running games and others - just kicking games. One legend has it that the football game, rugby, (American football’s ancestor) was invented by an Englishman named William Ebb Ellis, who grew tired of the no hands restriction, so he picked the ball up and ran. To enforce the rules, the other players tackled the fellow that ran. Whether or not this was true, football does have its beginnings with rugby.

The first games that would become American football are found in the 19th century, in the games played by students at elite schools and universities of the United States.

Walter Camp is widely considered the “father” of modern American football. Between 1880 and 1883, this coach at Yale came up with several major adjustments to the game.

Walter camp was born April 17, 1859. He attended Yale from 1876 to 1882, where he studied business and medicine. He was

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the general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888 to 1914 and chairman of the Yale football committee.

Camp played football while at Yale and helped evolve the rules of the game away from rugby and soccer rules into the rules of American Football as we know them today.

The changes Walter Camp contributed to American Football were as follows: • One side retained undisputed possession of the ball until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violations.

• The line of scrimmage.

• 11 on a team instead of 15.

• Created the quarterback and center positions.

• Forward pass.

• Standardized the scoring system, numerical scoring.

• Created the safety, interference penalties and the neutral zone.

• Tackling as low as the knee was permitted - 1888.

• A touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to three points - 1912.

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October 2014, Page 15

A Hungry Dinosaur

Let’s Make And Decorate A Dinosaur!

The dinosaur known as the Brontosaurus is now called the Apatosaurus. It was one of the largest land animals that has ever existed. This dinosaur lived in what is known as the Jurassic Period, 150 million years ago.

The Apatosaurus, hatched from enormous foot long eggs and may have lived long enough to celebrate100 birthdays! This huge dinosaur was an herbivore which means it ate only plants. The hungry Apatosaurus must have spent his entire day munching and crunching on plants to maintain his massive body.

This gigantic plant-eater measured about 80 feet long or close to the length of two school buses. It stood about 30 feet tall or the height of a 4 story building. It weighed roughly 30 tons; the weight of 10 cars! Apatosaurus had a very tiny brain in a small head which was less than 2 feet long. The Apatosaurus had a long neck and a long tail. It had four massive column-like legs with the back legs being longer than the front legs. We know all this because people have found fossilized remains of the Apatosaurus in the Colorado, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming and Canada.

If you would like to look for dinosaurs bones when you grow up, you can become a scientist called a “Paleontologist”. In the meantime, one way to enjoy and learn about dinosaurs is to create them. Use the following sample to create your own Apatosaurus!

Celebrate all things “saurus”!

October is International Dinosaur Month!

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Procedure: Draw a line to divide a paper plate in half.

On half of the circle, draw a tail, front leg, back leg, and the neck and head as shown.

Using scissors, cut out the dinosaur pieces.

Color the dinosaur using crayon, paint or markers.

Decorate with shapes, patterns and bright colors.

Attach the pieces with tape or glue.

To create a moving dinosaur, attach with paper fasteners!

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October 2014, Page 16

Dogs!

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The dog is a domestic subspecies of the wolf and they are a mammal. The domestic dog has been (and continues to be) one of the most widely-kept working and companion animals in human history.

The dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds. Mixedbreed dogs or mongrels are dogs that do not belong to a specific breed. Height measured to the base of the neck or withers ranges from a few inches in the Chihuahua to a few feet in the Irish Wolfhound. Their color varies from white through grays (usually called blue) to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark "red" or "chocolate" in a wide variation of patterns. The dog’s coat can be very short to several inches long, from coarse hair to something like wool, straight, curly, or smooth. Mixed breed dogs and purebred dogs are both suitable as companions, pets, R COLO! working dogs, or competitors in dog sports.

E M Based on DNA evidence, the wolf ancestors of modern dogs came from other wolves about 100,000 years ago, and dogs were domesticated from those wolf ancestors about 15,000 years ago. This date would make dogs the first species to be domesticated by humans. As humans migrated around the planet, so did dogs.

Dogs are valued for their intelligence. This intelligence is expressed differently with different breeds and individuals however. For example, Border Collies are noted for their ability to learn commands, while other breeds may not be so motivated towards obedience, but instead show their cleverness in devising ways to steal food or escape from a yard! Being highly adaptable animals themselves, dogs have learned to do many jobs as required by humans over the generations. Dogs are employed in various roles across the globe, proving invaluable assets in areas such as search-and-rescue, law enforcement (including attack dogs, sniffer dogs and tracking dogs), guards for livestock - people or property, herding, Arctic exploration sled-pullers, guiding the blind and acting as a pair of ears for the deaf, assisting with hunting, and a great many other roles which they may be trained to assume.

• Don't leave your dog outside in the cold for long periods of time. Wind chill makes days colder than actual temperature readings.

• Adequate shelter is a necessity. Keep your dog warm, dry, and away from drafts.

• Be extra careful when walking or playing with your dog near frozen lakes, rivers or ponds. Your dog could slip or jump in and get seriously injured.

• Groom your dog regularly. Your dog needs a well-groomed coat to keep him properly insulated.

Short- or coarse-haired dogs may get extra cold so consider getting them a sweater or coat.

• Feed your dog additional calories if he spends a lot of time outdoors or is a working animal. It takes more energy in the winter to keep their body temperature regulated, so additional calories are necessary.

• Towel or blow-dry your dog if it gets wet from rain or snow. It is important to dry and clean their paws, too. This helps avoid tiny cuts and cracked pads.

• Don't leave your dog alone in a car. It gets too cold and carbon monoxide from an engine left running is dangerous.

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October 2014, Page 17

Giraffes Are One Of The World’s Tallest Mammals!

• Giraffes are one of the world's tallest mammals. They are well known for their long necks, long legs, and spotted patterns. Giraffes have small "horns" or knobs on top of their heads that grow to be about five inches long. These knobs are used to protect the head in fights.

• Male giraffes are larger than females. Males weigh between 2,400 and 3,000 pounds and stand up to 19 feet tall! Female giraffes weigh between 1,600 and 2,600 pounds and grow to be 16 feet tall.

• Healthy giraffes live about 25 years in the wild.

• Giraffes can be found in central, eastern and southern Africa.

• Giraffes live in the savannas of Africa, where they roam freely among the tall trees, arid land, dense forests and open plains.

• Their long necks help them eat leaves from tall trees, typically acacia trees. If they need to, giraffes can go for several days without water. Instead of drinking, giraffes stay hydrated by the moisture from leaves.

• Giraffes are non-territorial, social animals. They travel in large herds that are not organized in any way. Herds may consist of any combination of sexes or ages.

• Female giraffes typically give birth to one calf. During the first week of its life, the mother carefully guards her calf.

Young giraffes are very vulnerable and cannot

defend themselves. Nursery groups of young animals are left alone together during the day while their mothers feed. The 6-foot-tall calf grows rapidly as much as an inch a day. By 2 months the young giraffe is eating leaves and at 6 months is fairly independent of its mother.

• Giraffes have a distinctive way they walk, moving both right legs forward, then both left. At a gallop, however, the giraffe simultaneously swings the hind legs ahead of and outside the front legs, reaching speeds of 35 miles an hour!

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October 2014, Page 18

People's Republic of China

• China is located in Eastern Asia. It’s third largest country in the world, with a total of 3,747,879 square miles.

• The capital of China is Beijing. Beijing hosted the Olympics in 2008.

• 8 is a lucky number in Chinese culture, and instead of the unlucky number 13, the number 4 is unlucky.

• The population of China is the largest in the world with over 1.3 billion people! The most populated city is Shanghai.

• The currency of China is the Yuan.

• The government is a Communist State. China’s economy is the second largest in the world.

• China’s weather varies from region to region, but usually has dry winters and wet summers.

• China is rich in culture! For centuries, ancient China led the world in the development of science and technologies. Gunpowder and silk products originated from China.

• There are many different languages and dialects in China, including Mandarin, Yue, Wu, Minbei, Minnan, Xiang, Gan and Hakka.

• The Great Wall of China is the largest man made structure in the world, stretching an amazing 5,500 miles.

• The Chinese flag is red with five gold stars in the upper left corner. The red background symbolizes those who died for the country in wars, while the big gold star symbolizes communism. The other four smaller stars represent the different classes in China.

• The Chinese name is "Zhong Guo", which means the "Middle Kingdom". Since ancient times, it was believed that China was at the center of the universe.

• About one-third of the population lives in cities, the rest live in the country.

• It is common to find 3 generations of a Chinese family living together in the same house. Often the grandparents look after children when their parents work, and in exchange the grandparents are taken care of as well. This was helpful when there wasn’t any nursing homes existing in China. Festivals are often a busy time as well, and families that moved into the city for better careers return back home to celebrate with their loved ones. Festivals are often colorful and many members of the community become involved.

• Although there is no official religion in China, Buddhism and Taoism are two of the most popular.

• Local markets are very popular in China. Much like farmer’s markets, these stands sell a variety of goods and aren’t limited to just food!

• There are over 30,000 types of plants and 4,400 types of vertebrates in China! One of the most popular animals in China is the Giant Panda, and this animal is considered a national treasure. The Giant Panda is found near the Yangtze River. Unfortunately, human expansion and poaching has caused many species native to China to become endangered, and the government has issued protection laws to help keep them safe.

• Another popular tradition in China is the Zodiac. Made up of twelve animals, the zodiac supposedly can tell something about a person depending on what year they were born in. If you were born in the year of a certain animal, you reflect traits of that animal in your personality.

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October 2014, Page 19

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October 2014, Page 20