Kidsworld Northern Jan 15

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January 2015 Northern Edition

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Volume 1, Issue 5, January 2015

How can you serve your community in celebration of Martin Luther King Day?

Martin Luther King Day is a federal holiday held on the third Monday of January. It celebrates the life and achievements of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., an influential American civil rights leader. He is most well-known for his campaigns to end racial segregation on public transport and for racial equality in the United States.

He became one of the greatest Social Activists the world has known. At 35, he became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize. His birthday became a National Holiday by an Act of Congress in 1983.

It is a time when the nation pauses to remember Dr. King’s life and work, but also to honor his legacy by making the holiday a day of community service, “a day on, not a day off.”

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Hi Kids!

It’s A Great Day At Kids’ World News!

Happy New Year to you! It’s always fun to begin another year! Now that your back from your holiday vacation it’s back in the routine of eating healthy, getting plenty of rest and being prepared for school the next day.

Do you know what a resolution is? A New Year's resolution is a promise that you make to yourself. Resolutions many people make have to do with eating healthy, exercise, saving money, improving grades, reading more books, helping others, making new friends and a whole lot more! You can actually make a resolution at any time of the year. It doesn’t just have to be on New Years.

The practice of resolutions at the beginning of the year started a very long time ago. The ancient Babylonians made promises to their gods at the start of each year. The Romans began each year by making promises to the god Janus - That’s the month that January is named after!

At Kids’ World News, our resolution is to write a great paper for you to read every month that you’ll enjoy! Have a GREAT January!

Chris

if you would like to see Kids’ World News at your school or if you would like to be one of our proud sponsors, please call 989-429-4259 (e-mail: chris@kidsworldnews.net). Kids’ World News is designed to give exposure to all area schools, recognition of students and staff members. We welcome imput from all our area schools. We do however, reserve the right to edit.

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January 2015, Page 2

The Dragon Dance: Happy Chinese New Year!

Dragons are one of the most admired of legendary creatures. In some cultures dragons are evil, fire breathing creatures that destroy. However, a Chinese dragon is a kind, caring creature that represents life and good fortune.

The Chinese use dragons in their art, literature, poetry, architecture and in many of their songs.

There are other countries such as Korea and Japan who admire this kindly dragon, too. Can you guess what the difference is between the Chinese, Korean and Japanese dragons? Just count the dragon's toes. Of course, you have to get really close to see. The Japanese dragon only has three toes on each foot. A Korean dragon has four toes and the Chinese dragon has a total of five toes on each foot.

The Chinese people use the image of the dragon in many Chinese festivals, including their Chinese New Year celebration. The Chinese people will observe the Chinese New Year on February 19, 2015.

Did you know that the Chinese use a dragon in their New Year’s activities? An event called the Dragon Dance is a spectacular tradition for the Chinese people. The Dragon Dance uses nine or more dancers to carry, over their heads, a large colorful, festive dragon. The dance signifies the end of the year and welcomes a new start. The Dragon Dance is believed to drive away evil spirits and bring good luck and fortune to the people.

The Chinese dragon is a fascinating creature in the Chinese culture.

Creating art using themes and ideas from other countries is a fun opportunity to learn about our culturally diverse world. Have fun creating a beautiful Chinese dragon!

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1.

2.

3.

4.

1. Draw a straight line in the center of a vertical paper. Leave some space on each side.

2. On the top of the line, draw two half circles leaving a small space between. Draw a smaller half circle inside for dragon pupils.

3. Draw a curved “v” shape starting at the ends of the original straight line.

4. Connect with the “V” shape and draw upside down “v”s to create a dragon forehead.

5.

6.

7.

8.

5. Starting at the ends of the original straight line, draw two curved lines downward to begin creating the dragon’s nose.

6. The end of the dragon’s nose is created by drawing a large oval shape. Add two small oval shapes for nostrils.

7. Add a large shallow “U” shape under nose for the dragon’s chin. Make dragon teeth using “v” shapes.

8. Finish the top of the dragon’s head by adding an interesting shape over the forehead “V” shapes. Add details and fill with color. Red, golden yellow, black, and blue are great colors for a Chinese dragon. Be creative!

Cut out the dragon’s face.

Create legs and feet. Add streamers for a festive mask or add a body and a tail. Do a Dragon Dance with your Chinese dragon!

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January 2015, Page 3

Cross Country Skiing For Kids!

Cross country skiing is a fun winter sport that is easy to get involved in, especially when you live in a place that gets lots of snow! The snow can be in a school field, your back yard or some trails. Cross country skiing also has many health benefits. It is an aerobic exercise and works the muscles in your legs, back, chest and stomach. Plus, its a fun social activity with your family and friends.

The equipment you need includes a set of skis, poles, warm clothing and boots. Make sure your warm clothing is also waterproof!

The following paragraphs offer some information on techniques, but the most important advise is to make sure you take lessons from a qualified instructor before you begin.

At first when you are learning how to cross country ski, make your outings short distances. You'll naturally end up using a technique some people call the "shuffle". It involves nothing more than sliding one ski ahead of the other, and repeating the entire process over and over again. Without even thinking about it, you'll be pushing off with a kick stride, moving forward with a glide stride, and vice-versa. At the same time, you'll intuitively use your poles for balance and to help push yourself forward with every stride. It's very easy to do, and you will get in the swing of things after five or ten minutes. What's more, you'll fit in with the many skiers who show up at popular trails on sunny weekends and use nothing more complicated than this shuffle technique.

Going up hills: Once a hill gets too steep, you will have to use the herringbone technique. You do this by pointing the tips of you skis outwards and walking up the hill. The trick to successfully using this technique is to make sure the inside edge of the ski is angled down. This allows the edge to dig into the snow giving the necessary traction to walk up the hill. Don't forget to simultaneously use your poles to help push you up the slopes and hills. It's called the herringbone technique because it leaves a herringbone pattern in the snow. You will probably find it awkward the first time you use it, but you'll get used to it after a while.

Going down hills: Going down a long gentle slope is fun and easy.

Keep skis in the tracks and enjoy the ride. But coming down a relatively narrow trail on a steep hill can be scary and dangerous. Under these conditions, it is important to use the snowplow technique to reduce your speed. You do this by keeping the tips of the skis pointed inwards. Again, the trick to successfully using this technique is to keep the inside edges of the skis angled downwards. This allows the edge to dig into the snow and maximize your breaking power. As a beginner, you should start applying the snowplow technique at the very top of a hill before you have had a chance to pick up too much speed.

If you do find yourself going down too fast, your only option may be to sit down.

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January 2015, Page 4

Fill In The Blanks With These Words and Unveil the Names of 11 Birds!

ANT CAN CARD KEY KING MALL PEN PIG ROW USE WALL

Can You Find The Ten Differences Between The Two Pictures?

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January 2015, Page 5

The Importance Of Washing Your Hands

Have you ever heard your parent’s say, “Did you wash your hands?” This is a very common question that most kids have heard and it is an extremely important question to ask. Handwashing is a great way to prevent infection and stop the spread of germs. It’s a simple habit to learn. Sometimes you do it without thinking and sometimes, we’re in such a hurry that it’s forgotten.

Not good... Do you realize that if you wash your hand properly, it helps you to avoid being sick? Let’s explore this a little further.

Throughout the day, everyone accumulates germs on their hands from all types of surfaces like direct contact with people, contaminated surfaces, foods, animals, door knobs, telephones, toilets, and more. Everyone touches a lot of “things” everyday. If you don’t wash your hands regularly, you can infect yourself with these germs when you touch your eyes, mouth or nose.

Infectious diseases that are spread through hand-to-hand contact are colds, flus, infectious diarrhea and several more.

Inadequate hand cleaning or hygene also contribute to food-related illness such as salmonella and E coli infection.

What are proper

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Wash Me! handwashing techniques? Good hand washing includes washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based sanitizer if you can’t use soap and water.

Hand Washing Procedure: • Wet your hands with WARM running water and apply soap.

Lather well.

• Rub your hands together for at least 15 to 20 seconds making sure you do both the front and backs of your hands, between your fingers and under your fingernails.

• Rinse your hands well.

• Dry your hands with a clean towel or disposable towel.

• Use a towel to turn off the faucet.

When are the best times to wash your hands?

• Before eating or touching food.

• After using the bathroom.

• After blowing your nose or coughing.

• After touching pets or other people’s animals.

• After playing outside.

• After visiting a sick friend or relative.

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January 2015, Page 6

Cookin’ Fun Tater Tot Casserole Puppy Chow

NOTE: This snack is NOT for puppies or dogs. Please do not feed it to them. Chocolate is very harmful to our animal friends. This snack is for people only!

2 cups chocolate chips 1 (15 ounce) box Crispix or Rice Chex 1 cup peanut butter 1/2 cup margarine 3 cups confectioners' sugar

Heat the chocolate chips, peanut butter and margarine on HIGH in a glass bowl in microwave until melted — mix well. Then combine cereal and chocolate mix. Stir until completely coated. Place the confectioners' sugar in a bag, add the cereal mix, and shake to coat. Spread the mixture on wax paper. Let stand until set.

Rules For The Kitchen!

1. Always ask an adult if you can use the kitchen.

2. Have all the ingredients before you start.

3. Wash your hands before you touch food.

4. Wear an apron or towel to keep your clothes clean.

5. Always clean up when you are finished.

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1 1/2 pounds lean ground beef Salt and pepper 1 small onion, diced 1 can cream of mushroom soup 1 can cream of chicken soup 1/4 cup water 2 cans vegetables (carrots, peas, corn, green beans or mixed) 1 small bag Tater Tots

Pat the raw ground beef into bottom of 9 x 13-inch pan. Sprinkle with salt, pepper and onion. Mix together soups and water and pour this over ground beef layer. Drain the vegetables well, and add over the top. Put Tater Tots on top and bake at 350 degrees F for 1 hour.

Cheeseburger Pizza 1 1/2 pounds lean ground beef 1 can favorite pizza sauce 2 (8 ounce) tubes crescent rolls 2 cups mozzarella cheese, shredded 1 cup cheddar cheese, shredded 1/4 cup minced onion 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon chili powder (optional)

Brown the beef and onion. Drain. Add the pizza sauce and seasonings. Form a crust using the crescent rolls on a lightly greased pizza pan or stone. Pat together to seal seams. Pour meat mixture on top of crust. Sprinkle with cheese. Bake at 375 degrees F for 20-25 minutes.

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January 2015, Page 7

Deer Camp Celebrated at Clare Primary School

BY STEPHANIE BROWN

November 14 in Michigan for many hunters is often compared to Christmas Eve for a child. The excitement and anticipation of heading to deer camp with friends and family, the pending deer stories, buck poles, and the fellowship of hunters creates a buzz in the air. In addition, many local schools close for the opening day of Michigan’s much anticipated whitetail deer gun season. For the past three years, 4th grade teachers, David Gould and Jason Koch who teach at Clare Primary School, celebrated Deer Day Eve with a special Deer Camp event for the entire fourth grade student body.

Over 105 students engaged in a day of camaraderie, food, guest speakers, and of course, hunters orange or camo attire.

According to Koch, the event was designed for the students to celebrate the stewardship and rich tradition thousands of hunters share. The morning started with a delicious hunting camp breakfast prepared by an army of parent volunteers.

The menu included pancakes, scrambled eggs, sausage, juice, and delicious cookies. The entire 4th grade classes communed in the cafeteria to enjoy a big breakfast with friends. The morning continued with special guest, Rep. Joel Johnson, followed by Carolyn Bay who discussed the stewardship and traditions at W.C. Cornwall Ranch. The day was much more than just dressing as a hunter, it was also about education. Jeff Goyt, retired Clare County Sheriff, presented information to the students about early hunting traditions that took place in Clare County. The morning sessions concluded with Tom Dillard, professional bagpiper, who played for the students and played an amazing song in recognition of the camaraderie of our tradition.

Additional presentations were given by Bill and Stephanie Brown regarding deer aging and hunter’s safety. Through a series of deer photography, body aging from six months old to 4 1/2 year old whitetails, students could see the size differences in deer. Brown’s presentation enabled the kids to see and touch real jaw bones while Brown explained how to age deer by the teeth.

Brown asked “How many of you have deer hunted?” Nearly half of the students raised their hand, while half of those hands remained raised when Brown asked, “how many of them had already shot a deer.” The Hunting Heritage Bill instituted two years ago surely is an advantage for our youth allowing them to experience conservation at a young age. The afternoon events concluded with a special presentation by Katie Keen, Biologist, of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources division. She provided students with more information regarding regulations and being a steward to Michigan’s wildlife heritage. The day concluded with a presentation by SGT. Jon Wood, Conservation Officer, for the MI DNR. Beyond talking ethically sportmanship and laws, he also spent time sharing a fabulous fur collection with the children.

From seeing the excitement in the kid’s eyes as they devoured a wonderful breakfast to seeing a gamet of local whitetail deer portraits, the event was much more than just a celebration of deer season, it was an event that educated and helped the kids to understand stewardship and the common bond that many of us share as we anticipate Michigan’s hunting seasons.

Koch, Gould, and the additional 4th grade teachers need to be commended for allowing the students to celebrate one of Michigan’s greatest assets-its wildlife and natural beauty-while creating an educational setting embracing our local culture and traditions. Their initiative in this one day event helps to develop the future of our hunting heritage. The kids are the future of hunting and with continued positive influences; these students will continue and carry on our rich tradition.

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January 2015, Page 8

Potato Farming In The U.S.

Farming potatoes is a huge business in the United States. Idaho is the largest producer contributing one third of the country’s total harvest. The most popular consumed potato variety in the U.S. is the Russet Burbank or ‘Idaho’ potato which was developed by Luther Burbank in 1871. Potatoes however, are grown in all 50 states and in 125 countries around the world. The potato is the fourth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice and corn. The average American eats approximately 124 pounds of potatoes each year!

There are more than 400 varieties of potatoes. The two main types of potatoes are waxy and floury. Waxy potatoes are great for salads or any dish where you want the potato to keep their shape after cooking. Floury potatoes work better if you want fluffy potato dishes like mashed potatoes.

Potatoes are grown from small potato tubers called seed potatoes.

Farmers usually set aside around five to fifteen percent of their potato harvest for replanting. Seed potatoes can also be purchased from commercial suppliers.

Potatoes are grown on well drained land and prefer a moist acidic soil. The plants also like to be fertilized. Many potato growers apply pesticides after planting to prevent pests like late blight and potato beetles. Blight is a fungus that appears in high humidity and spreads over potato leaves causing it to die. Careful steps need to be taken to not contaminate groundwater.

Potatoes love lots of water and need full sun. As a matter of fact, potatoes are 80% water and 20% solid. Many farmers use irrigation systems to control soil moisture and temperature. The potatoes are ready for harvest when the plants begin to brown and wither after they have flowered for a few weeks. If the potatoes are to be

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stored, they need to be dug up after two to three weeks from the day the plant dies. More importantly, they must be dug up before a hard freeze.

POTATO TRIVIA

• The potato chip is the number one snack food in the world. The thinly sliced and fried potatoes were first created in Saratoga, New York and “Saratoga Crunch Chips” are what we now call potato chips.

They were made by Chef George Crum on August 24, 1853.

• The Irish Potato Famine was caused by a fungus (blight) that destroyed the country's ENTIRE potato crop. At least one million people died of starvation at the height of the famine at around 1845.

Over one and a half million people left Ireland for North America and Australia.

• The Irish referred to potatoes as "spuds," the name that came from a type of spade used for digging potatoes.

• Potatoes were not part of the first Thanksgiving because the pilgrims were not familiar with them yet.

• Mr. Potato Head was born in Rhode Island in 1952 and was the first toy to be advertised on television.

• The potato was the first vegetable grown in space.

• About 1/4 of the potatoes consumed in the U.S.are French Fries.

• Instant mashed potatoes (dehydrated potatoes) were introduced commercially in 1955.

• The Yukon Gold potato variety honors the Alaskan Klondike gold rush of 1897-1898. Potatoes were practically 'worth their weight in gold.' They were so valued for their vitamin C content that miners traded gold for potatoes.

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January 2015, Page 9

Play The Cello!

The violoncello, almost always abbreviated to cello, or 'cello (the c is pronounced as the ch in "cheese"), is a bowed stringed instrument and the lowest-sounding member of the violin family. A person who plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is popular in many capacities: as a solo instrument, in chamber music, and also as a foundation of the modern orchestral sound.

The cello is larger than the violin or the viola but smaller than the double bass. Like the other members of the violin family, the cello has four strings. It is played in an upright position, held by the knees of a seated musician, resting on a spike called the endpin. The player draws the bow horizontally across the strings, making them vibrate and producing sound.

The cello developed from the bass violin, first used by Monteverdi. The invention of wire-wound strings around 1660 in Bologna, allowed for a finer bass sound.

Bolognese makers used this new technolCOLOR ogy to create the cello, a somewhat smaller ME! instrument than the bass violin and suitable for solos due to the timbre of the instrument and the fact that the smaller size made it easier to play virtuosic passages.

Around 1700, Italian players popularized the cello in northern Europe, although the bass violin continued to be used for another two decades in France and England.

The cello is actually part of the viola da braccio family, meaning viol of the arm, which includes, among others, the violin and viola. There are actually paintings of people playing the cello on the shoulder, like a giant violin!

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January 2015, Page 10

Rutherford B. Hayes Our 19th President (1877- 1881)

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio on October 4, 1822. His father died two months before his birth. He was raised by his mother and her younger brother. Hayes ended up graduating from Kenyon College as valedictorian of his class. He then graduated from Harvard Law School in 1845 and became a successful lawyer. His opposition to slavery drew him into the Republican Party.

He married Lucy Ware Webb of Chillicothe in 1852. She was a graduate of Cincinnati’s Wesleyan Women’s College. She was the first wife of a president to graduate from college. They eventually became the parents of eight children.

Hayes offered his services when the Civil War began to the State of Ohio. He saw a lot of action during the war and rose to the rank of Major General. He was wounded in action during the war.

While still in the Army, Hayes was elected to Congress but didn’t take his seat until the Union had won the war.

Hayes was voted governor after his work in Congress. After being elected to a third term, the Republican Party chose him as its’ presidential candidate. He won the election only after a special commission had to decide on disputed electoral votes. He won by one vote. Since his election was so tension filled, he secretly took the oath of office on a Saturday, March 3, 1877 at the White House.

Known for his honesty and fairness, he renewed the respect for the presidency. After one term as president, he retired to his home called Spiegel Grove, in Fremont, Ohio. From there he gave his time to help veterans receive their pensions, improved conditions in prisons and promoted education for all children.

He died at the age of 70 in 1893.

Some of his key events while in office: • Reconstruction of the South ended in 1877. He withdrew Federal troops from the South. This was as a result of the compromise that came about from the deadlocked presidential election of 1876.

• Resumption of the Specie Act. This act enforced the redemption of U.S. dollars tendered after January 1, 1879 with gold.

• Civil Service Reform. In 1877, President Hayes issued an exec-

JOHNSTON ELEVATOR

utive order that barred all federal employees from taking part in political activities.

• President Hayes signed a bill that, for the first time, allowed women attorneys to be allowed to appear before the United States Supreme Court.

Interesting Facts: • Of the five presidents who served in the Civil War, Hayes was the only one to be wounded.

• Arriving in San Francisco on September 8, 1880, Hayes became the first president to visit the West Coast while in office.

• Hayes was the first president to graduate from law school.

• Mrs. Hayes was known as “Lemonade Lucy” because she refused to serve alcohol in the White House.

• The first White House telephone was installed by Alexander Graham Bell himself during the Hayes administration!

• The first Easter egg roll on the White House lawn was conducted

by Hayes and his wife.

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January 2015, Page 11

Just before Thanksgiving Break, Joy and Clarice stopped over from the Reindeer Farm.

The children enjoyed petting them and learning about where they live. They also got to examine the antlers they shed every year.

4th Graders learned about community service by heading up Farwell’s 10th Annual Animal Food Drive.

Children from all grades donate cat or dog food and the proceeds go to the Clare County Animal Shelter.

Santa made a quick stop in the Kindergarten wing to visit with the kids. It was Pajama Day and all those that cared to participate brought their blanket and stretched out to watch Polar Express.

Second Graders . . .

• Solve 2 step story problems up to 100 • Quickly add and subtract numbers up to 20 (timed) • Solve 2 and 3 digit number problems

Second Graders . . .

• Write opinion papers • Write poetry • Decode words, syllables, vowel patterns, suffixes • Use transition words to sequence writings • Understand inferences

Mrs. Hensley’s Music Practice

Second Graders are preparing 3 songs for their Winter Concert and working on adding an instrument component. The standards include reading pitch notation, singing expressively and playing instrumental parts independently.

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Mrs. Lewis’ Class

Ms. Kemmer’s Class

Ms. Lori & Ms. Ashley, parent volunteers

Mrs. DeRocco’s Class

Mrs. Chadwick’s Class

Mr. Berthume’s Class

Card games support math skills

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January 2015, Page 12

Write the answer for each problem. Then color according to the key at the bottom.

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January 2015, Page 13

The International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable human-made satellite that orbits Earth at an altitude of between 205 miles and 270 miles. It comprises pressurized modules for astronauts to live in, external trusses for propulsion, solar arrays for power and many other amazing features.

The first part of the ISS sent to space was the module called Zarya. It was launched into space on a Russian Proton rocket on November 20th, 1998. Zarya provided propulsion, attitude control, communications and electrical power.

Two weeks later, NASA launched a module called Unity aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, successfully attaching it to the Zarya module. The Unity module was equipped with all the requirements for long-term human living.

The ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit. It is 357 feet in length, making the space station's area span about the size of an American football field. The space station weighs nearly 925,000 pounds! It has 2 bathrooms, a gym and more room than a six bedroom house!

The ISS was built to be a space environment research laboratory and observatory, where crew members could conduct experiments in many scientific fields including: biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, and meteorology.

The station also provides valuable opportunities to test spacecraft systems and equipment and act as a staging base for possible missions to the Moon or Mars.

The first ISS crew mission called 'Expedition 1' launched on a Russian Soyuz, October 31, 2000. The three Russian cosmonauts docked and entered the ISS on November 2nd, 2000. The space station has been continuously occupied since, making it the longest continuous human presence in space.

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The ISS has been visited by astronauts and cosmonauts from 15 different nations.

On average the ISS travels at 17,227 miles per hour. The space station completes 15.5 orbits per day which means that the crew members on board the station experience a sunrise or sunset every 92 minutes!

The ISS program is a joint project that involves 5 space agencies. NASA of the USA, Roskosmos of Russia, JAXA of Japan, CSA of Canada and ESA made up of agencies from France, Brazil, Malaysia, South Korea and Italy.

With the naked eye, the ISS can be seen from nearly every area of Earth at some point in time, it appears as a slow moving bright white dot in the night sky.

You can look for the space station in the sky at night by looking up and giving your location to: http://spotthestation.nasa.gov/sightings

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January 2015, Page 14

Coasting Down the Hill

Frosty is the morning; But the sun is bright, Flooding all the landscape With its golden light.

Hark the sounds of laughter And the voices shrill!

See the happy children Coasting down the hill.

There are Tom and Charley, And their sister Nell; There are John and Willie, Kate and Isabel Eyes with pleasure beaming, Cheeks with health aglow; Bless the merry children, Trudging through the snow!

Now I hear them shouting, "Ready! Clear the track!"

Down the slope they're rushing, Now they're trotting back.

Full of fun and frolic, Thus they come and go.

Coasting down the hillside, Trudging through the snow.

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January 2015, Page 15

Republic Of Finland

• Finland is the fifth largest country and the most sparsely populated country in Europe.

• Finland is three times the size of Ohio and shares its borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia.

• Around two-thirds of Finland is covered in heavy forest and about a one-tenth by water.

• In the far north, the sun does not set for around 10 weeks during the 'White Nights' Finland of summer, while in winter it does not rise above the horizon for nearly eight weeks.

• Industries: metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing.

• Natural resources: timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone.

• The capital and largest city is Helsinki. It became Finland’s capital in 1812.

• Finland is a bilingual country, both Finnish and Swedish are the official languages.

• The government is an Independent Democratic Republic since 1917. Their president is elected for a six year term. They were the first country in Europe who allowed women to vote. The president of Finland is Sauli Niinistö since 2012.

• The Finnish children believe that Father Christmas and Mother Christmas live on a mountain called Korvatunturi in Finnish Lapland.

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Kerimaki Church, built in 1849 is one of the world’s largest wooden churches.

• Lake Saimaa is the largest lake in Finland.

• The Bronze Age burial site of Sammallah Denmnaki is a World Heritage site.

• The sauna has been used in Finland for over two thousand years.

• The kantele (similar to a zither) is Finland's oldest musical instrument.

• Turku used to be the capital and is Finland's oldest city. In fact, Finland’s first university was founded in Turku in 1640.

• Amethysts (purple precious stones) are mined in the Lappish village of Pelkosenniem.

• The Aurora Borealis are a light phenomena that light up the sky in the northern polar regions during the darkest times of the year.

The Northern Lights can be yellowish green and red, but also blue and violet, and they brighten up the night sky in the Finnish Lapland in wintertime with an amazing light show. The Northern Lights can move from east to west, they can appear as rays, or they can be fast-moving, pulsing shapes. Their colors and shapes change rapidly, and they can provide as much light as a full moon. Winter in this area is dark between the months of November and January where the sun does not rise above the horizon. This dark northern wintertime is known as the Polar Night (the Finnish call it “kaamos”) and in this darkness, the Northern Lights look magical.

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January 2015, Page 16