Kids World News, Calhoun County, July 2016

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Volume 1, Issue 4, 6XPPHU 2016

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Today, tennis is played both outdoors and indoors with racquets and balls. It can be played with two or four people, on a court of grass, clay, concrete, artificial turf, or wood. It is one of the world’s most popular sports by players of all ages. It is also a favorite spectator sport with star players, tournaments on television and as an Olympic sport. Tennis is a year round activity and a great total body workout. Not only does it help build hand/eye coordination, it helps players learn sportsmanship. Tennis looks easy, but the game takes a lot of practice to become great! The United States Tennis Association has modified the game, the equipment and the court to help the 10 and under crowd learn easier and enjoy it more! This program is called the U.S.T.A. Quick-Start.

We “LOVEâ€? To Play Tennis! ,Q WHQQLV RSSRVLQJ SOD\HUV HDFK KROGLQJ D UDFTXHW KLW D EDOO EDFN DQG IRUWK RYHU D QHW ,W VWDUWV ZLWK RQH RI WKH SOD\HUV ÂłVHUY LQJ´ WKH EDOO KLWWLQJ LW RYHU WKH QHW LQWR D VSHFLILF SDUW RI WKH FRXUW QHDU WKHLU RSSRQHQW 7KH SOD\HUV WKHQ KLW WKH EDOO EDFN DQG IRXUWKuntil one player misses the ball or the ball falls outside the playing court and then points are awarded. Every time the ball is in play, a point is won by one player or the other. The first player to get four points, wins the game. The first player to win six games, wins the set. The first player to win two sets, wins the match and is the final winner.

7HVW <RXU 7HQQLV .QRZOHGJH What does the word love mean in tennis? What Nevada-born tennis star had a ball and racquet to stare at above his crib? What 19-year-old became the youngest man to win the U.S. Open tennis title, in 1990? Who emerged from segregated Virginia tennis courts to win the 1968 U.S. Open tennis title? What two players won all the U.S. Open men's singles tennis titles from 1978 through 1984? Who broke Martina Navratilova's record of 331 weeks at number one? What tennis star says "Express yourself" in camera commercials? What 17-year old tennis phenomenon beat Kevin Curren to win his first Wimbledon title? 1. Love means a score of zero, 2. Andre Agassi, 3. Pete Sampras, 4. Arthur Ashe, 5. Jimmy Connors and John McEnroe, 6. Steffi Graf, 7. Andre Agassi, 8. Boris Becker

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Count How Much You’ve Saved! 1.

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page 6

Can You Find 10 Differences In The Pictures?

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Polar Bears Native to Norway! Polar Bears are native to the Arctic Ocean and its surrounding areas. There are five polar bear nations which include the United States (Alaska), Canada, Russia, Greenland and Norway. Polar Bears are huge! The adult male weighs around 550 to 1,700 pounds and reach 8 to 10 feet tall. The adult female weighs 200 to 700 pounds and stands 6 to 8 feet tall. In fact, polar bears are the largest predator found on land. In the wild, they will live an average of 15 to 18 years. In captivity though, they may live up to their mid-thirties. The polar bear has many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures - for moving across snow, ice and open water. They have two layers of fur that insulate their bodies so well, they experience almost no heat loss. Plus, they have a layer of blubber (fat). They have more of a problem with overheating when they try to run! Polar bears also have small bumps on the bottom of their feet called papillae, to keep their feet from slipping. Strong, powerful claws help them catch seals and a nose that can smell their prey from miles away. Polar bears are good swimmers. Their diet consists mostly of seals, but sometimes they will eat walrus, beluga whales, reindeer, some birds, eggs and kelp. Females usually have two cubs in their litter which are born in November or December. They are born in snow dens that are made in snowdrifts along mountain slopes or along hills by the sea ice. Cubs are born with short fur and are toothless and

blind. The cubs stay in the den until March or April. During that time they are dependent upon their mother for warmth as well as nutrition. By April, the cubs have grown and the mother teaches them to hunt and survive. They leave their mother when they are around 2 1/2 years of age. Polar bears do not hibernate. They instead go into “walking hibernation”. Only females enter the den in the fall. Walking hibernation means the bear’s metabolism alters to a hibernation-like state which facilitates significant energy conservation. They remain active, but rely on stored fat for energy. This is a trait no other species of bear possesses. Polar bears spend most of their time on frozen sea even though they were born on land. In fact, scientists are concerned about the current warming temperature trends in the Arctic and how that will hurt the polar bear, who are now on the Endangered Species List.

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Republic of Azerbaijan The flag of Azerbaijan consists of three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a white crescent and an eight-pointed star are centered in the red band. The eight points of the star stand for the eight branches of the Turkic people. • The capital of Azerbaijan (pronounced az-er-by-jahn) is Baku. The ancient city of Baku was an important commercial center on the Silk Road, the trade route from Europe to China. Also, Garry Kasparov, a famous chess champion, was born in Baku in 1963. • The government is a Presidential Republic. • Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. It is located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. The boundaries are the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. Azerbaijan is slightly smaller than the state of Maine with a total area of 33,436 square miles. The exclave (exclave is a portion of a country that is geographically separated from the main part), of Nakhichevan is bordered by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having a short borderline with Turkey to the northwest. • Azerbaijan became part of the USSR at the end of 1922. It declared independence from the Soviet Union on August 30, 1991. • Nagorno-Karabakh, officially a part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is under Armenian occupation since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War (1994), along with 7 other districts in Azerbaijan's southwest. • The topography of Azerbaijan features the large, flat Kura-Aras Lowland (much of it is below sea level). It is surrounded on three sides by mountains. The Great Caucasus Mountains are to the north. Mount Bazarduzu, located between Russia and Azerbaijan, is the highest peak in the Great Caucasus range at 14,652 feet above sea level. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains are in the southwest and the Talish Mountains are in the south along the border with Iran. • The country’s climate is subtropical in the eastern and central parts. The southeastern section has a humid subtropical climate. In the mountain regions the climate is alpine-like. • There are 16 nature reserves and more than 28 forest reserves and hunting farms. • Industries are petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment and steel.

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The Burning Mountain is a rare natural wonder in the Absheron peninsula. It burns all year round due to natural gas escaping from the ground.

• Agriculture products are cotton, grain, rice, grapes and cattle. • There are many caves in Azerbaijan. The first known fireplace and construction in human history, which is dated back from 700,000 to 500,000 years ago, was discovered in Azykh Cave (the largest cave) and is said to be one of the earliest known caves inhabited by man. • Thousands of rock paintings in Gobustan Nature Park provide us with a glimpse of the life of the early inhabitants of the area. • The name for Azerbaijan derives from a word for fire. It is interesting to note that Azerbaijan has large deposits of oil and the ignition of surface oil may have led to the description of the country as the "land of fire". • In 1879 the Nobel brothers (from Sweden) set up an oil company in Azerbaijan. The Nobel Prize was partly funded with revenue from the oil production business in Baku. • Azerbaijan is famous for its beautiful, hand-woven carpets and is rich in two kinds of “black gold” – oil and caviar (fish eggs!). • Soup, often made with meat and sheep fat, is considered to be a staple of Azerbaijani cuisine. Tea is the most popular drink. It is often consumed through lumps of sugar or jam held in the mouth.

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“I Can’t Stop Itching!” You may have a rash! A rash can also be called dermatitis (pronounced dur-muh-tahy-tis), which is a swelling or irritation of the skin. It can look red, dry, scaly, include lumps, bumps, blisters and pimples plus it’s itchy. Some rashes, combined with a fever can be signs of serious illnesses. A type of rash called Hives can be serious because they can be a sign of an allergic reaction and you would need immediate medical attention. Hives are reddish or pale swellings that appear on your body when a chemical called histamine (pronounced his-tuh-meen) is released in response to an allergen. The trigger can be a certain food, medicine or bug bite. A virus can also cause hives.

Here are some other common types of rashes: •Eczema is a common rash for kids. Eczema can cause dry, chapped, bumpy areas around the elbows and knees or more serious cases of red, scaly, and swollen skin all over the body. •Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by contact with something irritating, such as a chemical, soap, or detergent. It can be red, swollen, and itchy. Even sunburn can be a kind of irritant dermatitis because it's red and might itch while it's healing. •Allergic contact dermatitis is a rash caused by contact with an allergen. An allergen is something you are allergic to, such as rubber, hair dye, or nickel (a metal found in some jewelry). Urushiol (pronounced yoo-roo-shee-ol), is an oil or resin contained in poison ivy, oak, and sumac, can cause this kind of rash. Some rashes form right away and others can take several days to occur. When a rash appears, you usually know it because it will start to bother you. If you develop a rash, tell a parent or another adult as soon as you can. Try not to scratch it. If you do, the rash may take longer to heal and you'll be more likely to develop an infection or scar.

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A visit to the doctor is a good idea. Although all rashes may look alike to you, a skin doctor called a dermatologist knows the difference. Knowing which kind of rash you have can help the dermatologist choose the best treatment to heal.

Here are some ideas to help you prevent rashes: • If a poison plant is the problem, learn what the plant looks like and avoid it. It also may help to wear long sleeves and pants when you're camping or hiking in the woods. • If bugs are biting you, have a parent help you apply some insect repellent when you'll be going outside. • For allergic dermatitis or irritant contact dermatitis, try to avoid that substance. If you are allergic to nickel, wear only nickelfree jewelry. If you discover that bubble bath bothers your skin, don't use it. • With eczema, stay away from harsh soaps that might dry out your skin. Make an effort to moisturize your skin with creams or lotions. Short, cool showers are a good idea, too, because hot showers and baths can further dry out your skin. • When it comes to the sun, you should always wear sunscreen to avoid a red and itchy sunburn.

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page 10

7KH ,PSRUWDQFH RI 5LYHUV What is a river? A river is freshwater flowing across the surface of the land, usually to the sea. Rivers flow in channels. The bottom of the channel is called the bed and the sides of the channel are called banks. Rivers begin at their source in higher ground such as mountains or hills. Rain water or melting snow collects and forms tiny streams. When one stream meets another and they merge together, the smaller stream is known as a tributary. It takes many tributary streams to form a river. As the river flows downstream, it gains more water from other streams, rivers, springs, added rainfall and other water sources. The majority of rivers eventually flow into a larger body of water such as an ocean, sea or large lake. The end of a river is called the mouth. There are some rivers that begin where a natural spring releases water from underground. Another source of some rivers is a lake. For example, the source of the River Nile is Lake Victoria in Burundi. Another example is if rain water can’t sink into the ground because the ground is too wet already, the water then forms a bog. The water flows out of the bog to form lakes and streams. Here Are Some Reasons That Rivers Are Very Important To Us • Water - Rivers carry water and nutrients to areas all around the earth. They play an important part in the water cycle and act as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers drain nearly 75% of the earth’s land sur-face. • Habitat - Rivers provide excellent habitat and food for many of the earth’s organisms. Ducks, voles, otters and beavers make their homes on the river banks. Many rare plants and trees grow by the rivers such as reeds and bulrushes. Birds like kingfishers as well as bears eat small fish from the river. In Africa, animals like antelopes, lions and elephants go to the rivers for water to drink. The river deltas have many different species of insects, mammals and birds that make it their home. • Transportation - Rivers provide travel routes for exploration, commerce and recreation. • Farming - River valleys and plains provide fertile soils. Farmers in dry regions irrigate their cropland using water carried by irrigation ditches from nearby rivers. • Energy - Rivers are an energy source. During the early industrial era,PLOOV VKRSV DQG IDFWRULHV ZHUH EXLOW QHDU IDVW IORZLQJ ULYHUV ZKHUH ZDWHU FRXOG EH XVHG WR SRZHU PDFKLQHV 7RGD\ VWHHS ULYHUV DUH XVHG WR SRZHU K\GURHOHFWULF SODQWV DQG WKHLU ZDWHU WXUELQHV

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AHriDl View Of The Missouri River Quick River Facts

• The term upriver (or upstream) refers to the direction of the river’s water source. Downriver (or downstream) refers to the direction in which the water flows, towards the end of the river. • The Ganges (Northern India), Yangtze (China) and Indus (Pakistan) rivers are three of the most polluted on earth. • The Colorado River travels through the south western United States and north western Mexico. It is home to the famous Hoover Dam. • The longest river in the United States is the Missouri River that stretches to around 2,340 miles in length which is slightly longer than the Mississippi River. These two combine to form the longest river system in North America reaching 3,902 miles. It is also the fourth longest in the world! • The longest river in the world is the Nile River. The Nile River reaches around 4,132 miles in length. Located in Africa, the Nile River lies in the following countries: Kenya, Eritrea, Congo, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. It has a huge significance in regards to Ancient Egypt. • 0RVW RI $QFLHQW (J\SW¶V KLVWRULFDO VLWHV DUH ORFDWHG DORQJ WKH EDQNV RI WKH 1LOH 5LYHU LQFOXGLQJ FLWLHV VXFK DV /X[RU DQG &DLUR 7KH 1LOH 'HOWD LQ 1RUWKHUQ (J\SW LV ZKHUH WKH 1LOH 5LYHU GUDLQV WR WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD ,W LV DURXQG PLOHV LQ OHQJWK DQG VSUHDGV RXW RYHU PLOHV RI FRDVW OLQH ,W LV ULFK LQ DJULFXOWXUH DQG KDV EHHQ IDUPHG IRU WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV $URXQG PLOOLRQ SHRSOH ZKLFK LV DSSUR[LPDWHO\ KDOI RI (J\SW¶V SRSXODWLRQ OLYH LQ WKH 1LOH 'HOWD UHJLRQ • 7KH $VZDQ +LJK 'DP ZDV EXLOW LQ WR KHOS UHJXODWH WKH IORRGLQJ RI WKH 1LOH 5LYHU %HIRUH WKH GDP ZDV EXLOW \HDUV WKDW KDG KLJK OHYHOV RI ZDWHU ZRXOG IORRG RXW FURSV ZKLOH \HDUV RI ORZ OHYHO ZDWHU ZRXOG SURGXFH IDPLQH DQG GURXJKW 7KH GDP KHOSV FRQWURO WKHVH OHYHOV

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page 11

Mono Magic Monos, or “Finger Fish” are unique little coastal animals. The babies start out in estuaries and bays in slightly brackish water, and as they grow and get older, they move out towards the ocean and eventually live in salt water. If you were to scuba dive or snorkel to see these guys, you would see them in large schools or shoals. Staying in a group protects them from predators, by making many fish look like one big confusing fish. They are quick swimmers and will change directions fast, flashing their silver belly at you. Monos are uniquely shaped. They are a flat diamond, with yellow fins and black lines. Living in estuaries and reefs from Africa to Australia, they blend into their shoals and live happy lives. As they get older, they can get up to 12 inches across and will lose the yellow color as well as the stripes and be almost completely silver. There are several species of mono and they vary slightly in shape and size. They eat just about anything they can find, small insects, worms, and even vegetation. They are great omnivores. In their shoals, they will move quickly, flash their bellies and snag the food in just a split second. Try This! Create your own mono! What you will need: paper plates tin foil scissors yellow/black pain paint brushes Cut your paper plate into the shape of a mono. Cover it with tin foil. Paint the fins yellow, and paint the eye and stripes in black. Punch a hole and hang from a string. You can make several and create a whole school! You could even hang them from a clothes hanger or two and make a mobile.

They are not territorial, but can be aggressive fish. It has been said they are a “fish with an attitude.” But they make great additions to a brackish water tank. They get along well with other peaceful fish like archer fish, mollies and scats. They will always bug each other until they find a pecking order. So don’t be surprised if your same big mono is always the one to eat first!

Brackish is the way to go! If you like angelfish for a freshwater tank, you will love monos for your salt or brackish water tanks. These cool fish like to live in groups of 3 or more and will be a beautiful addition to any brackish water tank.

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page 12

The Cool Caterpillar: What a Kid!

Step 1 - Starting with a half sheet of paper (approximate size 4 1/4� x 11�), fold in half the long way creating a piece of paper with a folded edge and a cut edge. Step 2 - Fold once again the long way. Step 3 - Open the paper completely and lay flat. You should have a center crease line and a crease line on each side of the center crease line. Step 4 - At one end of the rectangle, fold the short way a fold about 1� wide. Leave folded under. The folded end has created the head. Step 5 - On the head section, draw an eye on each side of the center crease line as shown. Add a smile too. Step 6 - It is time to decorate. Using markers, crayons, or colored pencils, make colorful and interesting patterns, shapes and stripes.

Step 7 - When the caterpillar is decorated, re-fold in half at the center fold line. Step 8 - Begin cutting through the fold up to the crease line. Be careful not to go past or Step 9 - Unfold. Re-crease the side crease lines short of crease line. Leave the head uncut. to fold inward. Glue open flaps one over the other. You will create a triangle shape.

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Step 10 - Add 3 pairs of legs.

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Has anyone ever asked you, “What do you want to be when you grow up?� You might have to think about it for a while, or maybe you already have an idea. If you were to ask that question to a caterpillar they would answer, “A butterfly! “Did you know that a cater-pillar is not a baby or an adult? It is a kid like you, still growing and learning each day. The caterpillar is a really interesting, cool kid! They are called "eating machines" because they eat as many leaves and plants as they can each day. They eat so much in fact, that they shed their skin four or five times before creating a chrysalis. Aren’t you glad you just have to buy new clothes when you grow out of your old ones? Caterpillars don’t have noses like we do. They breathe through small pores on their sides. Caterpillars have a head, eyes, and 13 sections to their bodies. Some caterpillars have furry hair while some have no hair with just a few thick bristles. A caterpillar has three pairs of walking legs and five pairs of legs with hooks for grabbing. A caterpillar also has 4,000 muscles while we only have around :RZ QRZ WKDW LV D UHDOO\ VWURQJ NLG 7KH QH[W WLPH \RX VHH D FDWHUSLOODU ZDWFK LW FDUHIXOO\ 1RWLFH ZKDW LW HDWV KRZ IDVW LW ZDONV DQG ZKDW LW ORRNV OLNH ,I \RX DUH OXFN\ \RX PD\ ILQG D FKU\VDOLV WR ZDWFK WKLV VXPPHU %HLQJ DEOH WR VHH D FDWHUSLOODU NLG HPHUJH DV D JURZQ XS EXWWHUIO\ LV UHDOO\ LQFUHGLEOH :LWKRXW D GRXEW WKH FDWHUSLOODU LV D SUHWW\ VSHFLDO NLG MXVW OLNH \RX &RQWULEXWHG E\ 5HEHFFD 1HFKXWD .LG]$UW RI 2NHPRV

Summer Edition, 2016 Page 13

The Mackinac Bridge Many of us have crossed the Mackinac Bridge, but do you know the history behind it? The Mackinac is a suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac which is where Lake Michigan and Lake Huron meet. It connects the Upper Peninsula at St. Ignace to the Lower Peninsula at Mackinac City. It also has the nicknames of “Big Mac” and “Mighty Mac”. It is the longest suspension bridge in the Western Hemisphere. The Native Americans called the Straits and surrounding area Michilimackinac - that means “great road of departure”. They moved around the straits rather than crossing them. When the Europeans settled in the area, the straits were used for trade and commerce. Before the bridge, the only way to cross was by ferry. There used to be nine ferries that could carry as many as 9,000 vehicles per day across. There were also some problems with them too. There were many traffic backups and during the winter months the water would often freeze across the entire area, plus the ferries were expensive to run. The bridge was envisioned in the 1880s. It went through many decades of struggles to begin construction. At a meeting on July 1, 1888, one of the Board of Directors of the Grand Hotel in Mackinac Island, named Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, made mention that “We need a bridge across the Straits.” A Citizen’s Committee was established to obtain legislation to create a bridge authority many years after. When financing was finally obtained and blue prints approved, the bridge project officially began on May 7 and 8, 1954. The project employed as many as 3500 men at the bridge site. When it was completed 3 years later, the five mile long bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world. The designer was Dr. David B. Steinman. The Mackinac Bridge was open to traffic according to schedule on November 1, 1957. G. Mennen Williams was governor of Michigan during the construction of the Mackinac Bridge. He began the tradition where theJRYHUQRU OHDGV WKH 0DFNLQDF %ULGJH :DON DFURVV LW HYHU\ /DERU 'D\

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Mackinac Bridge Facts • Total length of bridge - 5 miles - 26,372 feet! • Total weight of bridge - 1,024,500 tons • Length of suspension bridge (including anchorages) - 8,614 feet • Length of main span (between main towers) - 3,800 feet • Height of main towers above water - 552 feet • Maximum depth of water at midspan - 295 feet • Underclearance at midspan for ships - 155 feet • Total length of wire in main cables - 42,000 miles • Maximum tension in each cable - 16,000 tons • Weight of cables - 11,840 tons • Diameter of main cables - 24 1/2 inches • Total concrete in bridge - 466,300 cubic yards • Total weight of concrete - 931,000 tons • Total number of steel rivets - 4,851,700 • Total number of steel bolts - 1,016,600 • Total number of engineers - 350

Did You Know? Painting of the bridge takes seven years. When the painting of the bridge is complete, it begins again!

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page 14

I Want To Play The Harp! The harp is not like any other member of the string family. It is a plucked or strummed string instrument that is usually triangular in shape. The plane of strings is perpendicular to the soundboard unlike the guitar, violins, zithers and auto harps which have their strings running parallel to the sound board.

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page

Cookin’ Fun &KRFRODWH &RYHUHG 6WUDZEHUULHV • 2 large chocolate bars • 12 large fresh strawberries, stems on • wax paper Leave the stems on the berries. This way you can hold WKHP E\ WKH VWHPV ZKHQ GLSSLQJ :DVK DQG GU\ WKH VWUDZEHUULHV %UHDN FKRFRODWH LQWR VPDOO SLHFHV DQG SODFH LQ PLFURZDYH VDIH ERZO +HDW LQ PLFURZDYH RYHQ RQ KLJK IRU VHFRQGV &KHFN FKRFRODWH DQG KHDW DQRWKHU ± VHFRQGV LI QHHGHG +ROGLQJ E\ VWHPV GLS HDFK VWUDZEHUU\ LQ WKH PHOWHG FKRFRODWH 3ODFH WKHP RQ ZD[ SDSHU WR FRRO

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Cheesy Pull Aparts

• 1 pound fresh peeled baby carrots • 2 tablespoons water • 1/4 cup raisins • 2 tablespoons butter • 3 tablespoons honey or sugar • 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon • salt to taste

• 1 pound loaf frozen bread dough • 4 ounces American cheese or cheese of your choice • 2 tablespoons butter

Place the carrots and water in a microwaveable dish. Cover, and microwave on high until the carrots are tender, about 10 minutes. Stir about half way through. Drain the water. Stir in the rest of the ingredients, cover, and microwave on high for 1 to 2 minutes more.

Cover the frozen bread dough and let it thaw at room temperature. Cut the cheese into 32 pieces. When the bread has risen and has doubled in volume, divide the dough into 32 pieces. Wrap each piece of the dough around a cube of cheese and press the edges together to seal it. Dip the dough balls in the melted butter and arrange them in an oiled loaf pan. Cover and allow to rise again. When the dough has doubled in size, bake at 375 degrees for 30 minutes, or until the top is browned.

Rules For The Kitchen!

Chocolate Monkey Drink • 1 cup chocolate milk • 1 banana, peeled • 1 tablespoon peanut butter • 1 cup ice Put all ingredients in a food processor or blender. Blend to reach smooth consistency and serve. Makes 2 glasses!

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1. Always ask an adult if you can use the kitchen. 2. Have all the ingredients before you start. 3. Wash your hands before you touch food. 4. Wear an apron or towel to keep your clothes clean. 5. Always clean up when you are finished.

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Summer Edition, 2016 Page 16

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