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Volume 1, Issue 8, May 2015

Hillcrest Elementary Students take a Reading Road Trip around the USA for Reading

March Is Reading Month

The month of March proved to be a great deal of fun, filled with lots of reading and learning for our 4th and 5th grader students! Our theme for Reading Month was Super Heros, and the students enjoyed earning clues to help them figure out the identity of our mysterious super hero, Paige Turner!

Classrooms participated in a friendly competition to see which class could earn the greatest number of AR points, with weekly activities and events occurring throughout the month. The students were able to surpass the building-wide goal, and thus, earned a super hero movie on the final day of March. We look forward to an exciting new theme next year for March is Reading Month!

Mrs. Lowe’s class poses for a picture as they celebrate everyone’s commitment to reading during the month of March.

Thanks!

March was an incredible and exciting month at Hillcrest Elementary. It was Reading Month. Every classroom participated in the Reading Road Trip, USA theme, by decorating their rooms, doors and halls. The students were challenged to read 5,000 books school-wide, to see their principal wear a dress and a wig for an entire day.

The students were treated to guest readers throughout the month. Special guests included, Representative Outman, members of the Alma Rotary club, Officer Kim Powell, community members, district employees Lisa Reynolds, Gloria Stuart, Wendy Guyette, and Superintendent Sonia Lark.

The students enjoyed assemblies that celebrated reading, by Harry the Heron from MMCC, Ronald McDonald, and author Buck Wilder. The students were also treated to a production of Puss n Boots, by Kathy Francis’ Academy of Performing Arts.

Tuesdays were designated as No Tech Tuesdays, and students brought back signed slips from home confirming that they read instead of watching tv or playing their video games.

There were drawings throughout the month to reward student reading. The drawings were funded by the PTO. Students wore shirts to read, hats to read and buttons to read throughout the month. There was a joke day during lunch time, as well as sing a song day where student sang their favorite songs to an appreciative lunchroom crowd.

The month started with a kick-off assem-

bly, then an evening story hour. It concluded with a Parade of States where each class decorated a wagon representing the state that they had chosen to study for the month. Much to the delight of the students, they did reach their reading challenge and true to his word, the principal Mr. Neuenfeldt wore a lovely blue dress and wig on Thursday, March 26. Everyone gathered on the stage during lunch periods and sang “Let it Go” from the movie Frozen.

Thanks to all the staff at Hillcrest for a great month. A special thanks to Title 1 Reading Teachers Mrs. Wendy Cole and and Mrs. Jill Johnston for their weekly videos and encouragement for all students to keep reading. Some of their Reading Month videos can be viewed on the Hillcrest Web site. Go to almaschools.net to access the Hillcrest site. A very special thanks to second grade teacher Mrs. Donni Fornusek who was the Reading Month chair and organizer. She did an outstanding job in creating the vision and activities for the month. A big thank you to all the parents and the PTO for your involvement and support in a great learning experience for our students.

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Hi Kids!

It’s A Great Day At Kids’ World News!

Hooray for May! Another school year is almost over and summer vacation begins! What do you have planned for this summer? At Kids’ World News, we like to set goals. Let’s talk about setting goals for a bit. What is a goal? A goal is something you want to accomplish. What about setting some goals for this summer? Here’s some ideas. Goals like learning to swim, learning to ride a two wheeled bike, reading one book every week, visiting the local library, planting a garden, getting some fresh air every day and reading Kids’ World News!

Did you know that you can find us at your local library and the YMCA in July and August? We can also be found at our sponsors places of business.

We hope you have a great May and enjoy the great outdoors this month. Remember to practice safety at all times and obey all the rules for outside fun.

Chris

if you would like to see Kids’ World News at your school or if you would like to be one of our proud sponsors, please call 989-429-4259 (e-mail: chris@kidsworldnews.net). If you would like to submit an article from your school (limit 150 words plus high resolution jpgs), e-mail: chris@kidsworldnews.net Kids’ World News is designed to give exposure to all area schools, recognition of students and staff members. We welcome imput from all our area schools. We do however, reserve the right to edit.

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May 2015, Page 2

A Water World of Wonder

Have you ever found yourself starring into an aquarium watching the fish swim and discovering coral, crabs and beautiful star fish? I love to look for the hidden treasures of tiny creatures as I take the time to really observe a world below the surface. The shapes and colors of nature’s marine life are incredible. As an artist, drawing aquatic life is fun because fish come in countless shapes and sizes. Some are round and others are long. Some fish swim along happily while others are swift hunters. Create your own fish by using your imagination. There is no wrong way to create your fish. Grab a pencil, markers or crayons and discover a world of wonder by using your imagination to create an underwater world. Have fun!

Create a Water World

1. Supplies: Paper. Pencil for drawing. Black fine point marker for outlining your drawing. Crayon, markers, colored pencils, or watercolors.

2. Warm up your drawing skills by practicing the three fish shown step by step. Practice creating other marine life such as an octopus, star fish, or clams.

3. Take a clean paper and begin your drawing using your pencil to add fish.

You can add several long fish or round fish and even add a scary shark. For interest, draw in some sea grass, shells or even a crab running along a sandy ocean bottom.

4. When your pencil drawing is complete, use a black fine point marker to outline your drawing.

5. Color your fish brightly and use interesting patterns. Make sure to color your entire background with blue and create a sandy ocean floor.

Contributed by Rebecca Nechuta

Round Fish: Start with the eyes, then add your own details.

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Shark: Start with the eyes. Draw large ovals and color in the black iris leaving a bit of white for the reflectrion details. Continue with steps 2-10.

Then last, draw in the big sharp teeth!

Long Fish: Start with the fin. Add details such as scales, other fins and bubbles!

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May 2015, Page 3

Have Fun Learning Golf!

Playing golf is a great way to stay healthy, get some exercise, enjoy the outdoors, spend time with your family, and have fun all at the same time!

Golf is not an easy game to master, but children are never too young to begin playing. The earlier you start there is a better chance that bad habits will not develop. Learning golf the proper way, not only leads to better play but a more enjoyable experience.

It’s good idea is to take some lessons. Many golf courses offer instruction for kids. Also, some driving ranges will have a professional on staff that will give lessons for children. For older children, golf is a recognized sport in school and many high schools have golf teams.

Learning the basics of golfing includes having a good grip, the importance of alignment, good posture and the COLOR rules of golf itself. Golf takes a lot of dedication and practice to continue to ME! improve your game.

Golf Facts

► The first game of golf was played at Bruntsfield links in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1456 AD. ► Golf is played within the area of land that is designated by a golf course. The course is between 5000 to 7000 yards in length. ► Each hole has a guideline for how many times it should take a golfer to hit the ball (known as stroke) to get it in the hole. This is called par. At the end of the course, golfers compare their scores on each hole. ► Players carry many types of golf clubs during the game. There are

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three types of clubs that are called irons, woods and putters. ► At the end of the game the golfer who has the least number of strokes or is the closest to or under par overall wins. ► Each hole is divided into three primary areas; a tee box (where you begin), a fairway and a putting green. ► A round basically consists of 9 or 18 holes that are played in the order which is determined by the course layout.

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May 2015, Page 4

How Many Circles Are Here?

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May 2015, Page 5

Your Skin Plays An Important Role!

What does your skin do that’s so important? Your skin has a protective function as it holds everything in, plus has other functions as well. Our skin prevents us from getting infections and it contains cells that produce hair, sweat, oils and other substances that are important for our health and appearance.

Your skin makes up 12% of our body weight - so if you weigh 100 pounds, your skin weighs 12 pounds! If you weigh 50 pounds, your skin weighs 6 pounds.

Skin is an organ - in fact it is the largest organ that makes up our body. It regenerates (or renews) itself all through our life.

There are three layers that make up skin. The outer layer is called the epidermis. This layer varies in thickness. The soles of our feet or palms of our hands - areas that require more gripping power are the thickest. The thinnest layer is our eyelids as they need to be more flexible. In the middle of the epidermis is melanocytes. The melanocytes determine the color of your skin. If you have a lot of melanocytes, your skin is darker.

The second layer of your skin is thicker than the epidermis. It is called the dermis. The dermis is made up of protein called collagen.

It also contains nerve endings which help us feel things. When you touch something with your skin, the nerve endings send signals to your brain with information about what your skin has sensed.

Like whether something is rough or soft or cold or hot. The dermis is where our sweat glands are - plus our hair follicles. Our hair follicles

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are surrounded by a gland called sebaceous which makes our skin oily. In addition, the dermis has glands that give off the smell of our bodies.

The third layer is called the hypodermis. It is underneath the dermis. This layer contains the fat that is deep inside our skin. Besides the fat keeping us warm, it works as a shock absorber when we bump into things or fall. Another one of its jobs is that it stores energy for our body when we don’t eat for a spell.

If some area of your skin is not working properly, skin rashes or itching or a “crawling feeling” may happen. If that ever happens to you - tell a responsible adult about it. It is important to take care of your skin.

As people age, skin changes. Collagen production is less, so people get wrinkles. They also can have drier skin. Older people can lose the layer of fat under the skin, making wrinkles worse and makes them feel colder.

One of the things that your skin also does it this! Everyone has a unique fingerprint. Your skin forms in such a way that no two people’s fingerprints are alike! Try getting a washable ink pad and touching each of your fingertips on the ink, then pressing it on a piece of white paper gently. You will see your fingerprints are different that anyone elses!

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May 2015, Page 6

Cookin’ Fun Caramels

Hot Cross Buns

3/4 cup warm water 3 tablespoons butter 1 tablespoon instant powdered milk 1/4 cup white sugar 3/8 teaspoon salt 1 egg 1 egg white 3 cups all-purpose flour 1 tablespoon active dry yeast 3/4 cup dried currants 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon 1 egg yolk 2 tablespoons water 1/3 cup confectioner’s sugar 1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 teaspoons milk

2 cups white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 cup corn syrup 1 cup evaporated milk 1 pint heavy whipped cream 1 cup butter 1 1/4 teaspoons vanilla extract

Oil a 12x15 inch pan. In a medium-size sauce pan, combine sugar, brown sugar, corn syrup, evaporated milk, whipping cream, and butter.

Monitor the heat of the mixture with a candy thermometer while stirring.

When the thermometer reaches 250 degrees F remove the pan from the heat. Stir in vanilla. Transfer mixture to the prepared pan and let the mixture cool completely. When cooled cut the caramel into small squares and wrap them in wax paper for storage.

Elephant’s Jug

Put warm water, butter, skim milk powder, 1/4 cup sugar, salt, egg, egg white, flour, and yeast in bread maker and start on dough program. When 5 minutes of kneading are left, add currants and cinnamon. Leave in machine till double.

Punch down on floured surface, cover, and let rest 10 minutes. Shape into 12 balls and place in a greased 9 x 12 inch pan. Cover and let rise in a warm place till double, about 3540 minutes.

Mix egg yolk and 2 tablespoons water. Brush on balls.

Bake at 375 degrees F for 20 minutes. Remove from pan immediately and cool on wire rack.

To make the crosses: mix together confectioners' sugar, vanilla, and milk. Brush an X on each cooled bun.

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1 cup milk 1/4 cup peanut butter (crunchy or smooth) 1 ripe banana 2 teaspoons granulated sugar 4 ice cubes

Combine all ingredients, except ice cubes, in blender and blend until smooth. Add ice and blend just until ice is crushed. Pour into 2 glasses and serve immediately.

Rules For The Kitchen!

1. Always ask an adult if you can use the kitchen.

2. Have all the ingredients before you start.

3. Wash your hands before you touch food.

4. Wear an apron or towel to keep your clothes clean.

5. Always clean up when you are finished.

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May 2015, Page 7

Kindergarten Spelling Bee

Kindergarten students at Larson Elementary are in the middle of their Spelling Bee. Students are competing using the Dolch word list. Students and adults alike are enjoying the competition.

Health and Fitness Night at Larson

The annual Young Authors Celebration was held at Farwell Elementary on April 24. All 3rd and 4th grade students wrote and illustrated their own book which was then sent out into the community to be “judged”.

The morning started out with an awards ceremony and concluded in the classrooms where the students read their books to each other and enjoyed cookies and punch brought in by the Women’s Club. Above is a picture of the students who received a Special Achievement Medal.

Some dedicated families came out in the rain to attend Larson’s Health and Fitness Night on Wednesday.

There were nutrition displays revealing how much fat, sugar, fiber and nutritional value is hidden in the foods we eat. There were demonstrations and delicious food tasting trays.

Students got exercise riding scooters and playing games in the gym.

Families were given the opportunity to adopt a garden plot and grow their own fresh foods at Larson Gardens. This was a newly designed event at Larson.

Larson Elementary is pleased to announce our Good Citizens for the month of February 2015.

2nd Grade: Arionna Robinson, Wilbur Schmucker, Ellie Somers, Brooke Radzialowski, Zack Shook 1st Grade: Haiden Robinson, Madelyn Green, Brendon Miller, Brooklyn Cooper Kindergarten: Kailee Eichorn, Kaylynn McKinney, Collin Dennis, Kilee Letts, Cloey Andrews Congratulations to these students and their parents.

After School at Larson

Mr. Mogg’s 4th grade class concluded their chapter on writing genres. They presented a skit of Hans and Greta for fellow classmates. The skit was a success and students and staff had a wonderful time.

Families have the opportunity to use the computer lab after school. Parents were given the opportunity to have students stay after school until they came to work with them and see what they are learning. Families could play learning games, search for ideas for entry in the Science Fair and more.

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May 2015, Page 8

Corn Is America’s #1 Field Crop!

American Indians grew corn in many parts of North America long before the first arrival of European explorers and traders. It was called mahiz by the Native Americans. In fact, Columbus took corn back to Europe and introduced it to the rest of the world! Now corn is produced on every continent of the world except Antarctica.

Native American Indians taught the colonists to grow many varieties of the corn including yellow, red, blue, pink and black kernels. As time when on, the settlers who came to America began to depend on corn as one of their most important crops.

American farmers have always wanted to grow strong healthy corn plants that yield as much as possible. In the late 1800s, scientists worked on the development of hybrid corn. This research led to better varieties of corn and higher yields. The number of farmers that used hybrid corn continued to increase through out the years.

After corn is planted and reaches maturity, the corn is harvested. Then it’s taken to a processing plant where it is soaked and ground, spun and separated into starch, protein, hulls, and gluten. These raw products are then sold to other industries that make everything from antibiotics to paint.

There are now thousands of uses for corn. Every part of the kernel and even the water in which it is processed are used.

Corn is good for feeding livestock like hogs and cattle. Corn is also a major part of many food items like cereal, peanut butter, snack foods and soft drinks. Fuel alcohol makes gasoline burn cleaner and reduces air pollution.

Michigan is in the “Corn Belt.” So are the states of Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Missouri, Kansas and Kentucky.

Did you know that an ear of corn averages 800 kernels in 16 rows?

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SOUTHERN CORN CUSTARD 1 teaspoon of salt 1/8 teaspoon of pepper 1/2 teaspoon of sugar Cracker crumbs Butter 3 eggs 2 cups of whole kernel corn 2 tablespoons of butter, melted

Beat the eggs well. Combine them with corn, butter and milk. Stir well.

Add seasoning and sugar, pour into a buttered casserole and then sprinkle with cracker crumbs. Dot with butter. Bake at 350 degrees F for 40 minutes or until custard is firm. This serves 6 people!

CREAMY CORN BREAD

1 1/3 cup canned whole kernel corn 1 1/3 cup creamed corn 1/2 cup butter, melted 1 cup sour cream 2 eggs, beaten 1 (8 1/2 ounce) package corn muffin mix 3/4 cup grated cheddar cheese

Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F. Stir corn and butter in 2 quart casserole dish. Fold in sour cream and eggs. Add corn muffin mix and blend well. Bake until center is just set, about 1 hour. Sprinkle with cheese and continue baking until cheese is melted.

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May 2015, Page 9

These articles are written by junior high publications students in Ms. Clark’s class at

The Amur Leopard

The Amur leopard is the rarest animal on earth. These leopards are found in East Russia and are one of the most endangered species alive today. Amur Leopards can run up to a speed of thirty-seven miles per hour and can jump up to nineteen feet horizontally and ten feet vertically! Their average life span is ten to fifteen years, but in captivity they can live up to twenty years old. These leopards are nimble and strong predators and will hide their kills so other predators won’t steal them.

The main problem they face is becoming extinct from poaching. Many Russians in remote villages will hunt them illegally for money. Because they are so rare and only live in a certain part of Russia, their skins are worth up to $500-$1,000 per leopard. According to the 2007 census there are only fourteen to twenty adult Amur leopards and about five to six cubs alive today. They usually live by river basins and the mountains of Russia. Their habitat is mostly snow covered and cold throughout the year. Many leopard species live in hot, dry climates which makes the Amur leopard species so special. Some good news about this animal is that according to the 2015 February census, the population of the Amur leopard has increased by fifty-seven leopards. At this rate, the Amur leopard may no longer be endangered within the next decade!

By Adam Thering

Star Wars Day

Cinco de Mayo

What is Cinco de Mayo? If you don’t personally celebrate it, you may not know exactly what it’s for. Cinco de Mayo is a Mexican holiday celebrated each year on May 5. Many people mistake the holiday as Mexico’s Independence Day, but that is not the case; their Independence Day in celebrated September 16. On Cinco de Mayo, people are remembering and celebrating the war between Mexico and the French under the forces of Napoleon III. The French were much more prepared and had better resources. Luckily, Mexico never lost hope, and there was an unlikely change in events.

Mexico won the war!

On this day in Mexico and even some places in the United States, people go to parades, dress in festive, colorful clothing, eat traditional Mexican foods, participate in folkloric dancing, and bands play music. At the parades they have beautifully decorated floats, and they dance while Mariachi bands play. Traditional Mexican favorites such as tacos, enchiladas and margaritas are eaten throughout the day. People often host their own lively fiestas (parties) with bands playing traditional music. Believe it or not, Cinco de Mayo is celebrated in the U.S. more than in Mexico. It is also celebrated in the Caribbean, Australia, and Canada, as well as in Latin countries. The first Cinco de Mayo celebration was celebrated in California in 1863.

By: Anna Reid

Let’s Go Get Some Grub, Literally!

Surprisingly, many people around the world eat creatures you would never dream of tasting! One famous dish in Cambodia would be fried spiders…YUM! Or in Australia people eat the delicious insect called Witchetty grub. I have also seen many places in which crickets are a very popular snack, or they have crickets and other creatures surrounded by candy syrup (like a sucker).

How about bugs for desert, too? There are recipes online about how to make cricket cookies, caramel apples topped with bugs, and even banana bread with worms in it! Overall, in other countries eating insects is not a weird thing, but a treat!

By: Lauren MacDonald

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Listen up Star W a r s fans, May 4 is Stars Wars Day! The date of such a day was chosen because of the pun for the way “May the fourth” sounds very similar to the beginning of a Star Wars quote, “May the force be with you.” This pun was recognized after Margaret Thatcher was elected Prime Minister in the United Kingdom and a newspaper titled their article, “May the fourth be with you, Maggie, Congratulations.” Although this is not a national holiday, it is still celebrated widely across the country by Star Wars fans. The holiday was created by the fans through the power of social media all over the country. Fans go all out for this special day by dressing up, watching the movies, and visiting or putting on Star Wars reenactments. The holiday is not given any special treatment; there are not many special discounts or sales on Star Wars merchandise in most stores on May 4.

Even though most companies don’t celebrate Star Wars day, Disney world puts on Star Wars reenactments at their parks, and they are one of the few who give discounts at that time starting on May 4 and throughout the rest of May! By: Delaney Reid

Real Life Heroes

In 2013, during the month of May, California Valley High School’s baseball team was practicing. During their practice a mother came to pick her daughter up from the school when suddenly the team heard a great commotion. While the mother was parking, she accidentally hit the car in front of her and quickly backed up without seeing her daughter standing behind her car.

She immediately reversed he car and ran right over her daughter which pinned her in place. Hearing the panic in the girl’s voice, the baseball team quickly hopped fences and sprinted to the parking lot. They surrounded the vehicle and together lifted it clear off the ground, so the girl could be pulled out to safety. We all can be heroes like this team, and nobody is too young to help someone in need.

By: Scout Nelson

May 2015, Page 10

I Want To Play The Harmonica!

The harmonica (or mouth organ) is a hand-held rectangular musical instrument. As the musician inhales and exhales into evenly spaced air channels, the metal reeds within produce musical notes. The length and thickness of the reed determines the note that is heard.

The first patent was issued to Christian Friedrich Buschmann of Germany. Several decades later, a young German clockmaker named Matthias Hohner learned to make a harmonica and consequently changed his profession. Starting his new company in a kitchen in 1857, he turned out 650 in his first year with the help of family and one paid worker. He marketed his harmonica well with his name engraved on everyone and introduced his instrument to North America. The harmonica’s portability and affordability made it a favorite of the Western Cowboy. African-American blue musicians also found the harmonica an affordable alternative. Sonny Terry, James Cotton, Charles Musselwhite and William Clarke are just a few of the blue legends who used the harmonica.

The harmonica then entered the mainstream. Numerous rock and roll musicians picked up the harmonica. Folk singer Bob Dylan popularized the placing of the harmonica on a neck frame to free his hands for playing the guitar, etc.

Today, five major types of harmonicas are produced: diatonic, diatonic tremolo-tuned, diatonic octavetuned, chromatic, and orchestral accompaniment. The singlereed diatonic harmonic is the most popular and can be heard in rock, country, blues, and folk music. It features 10 holes with 20 reeds, 10 for blow notes and 10 for draw notes.

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May 2015, Page 11

President’s Trivia Quiz!

Can You Guess The Answer Using The Hints Provided?

1. He was know as the Father of His Country

2. He has a Portuguese Water dog named Bo

______________

3. This President installed solar panels on the White House roof ______________

4. He was the first President to ever talk on the phone. ______________

5. He had 2 grizzly bears given to him

by Lewis and Clark ______________

7. He is the only President to serve in both WWI and WWII ______________

8. Some people called him “Old Hickory” ______________

9. He was in the U.S. Navy during WWII ______________

10. He was the first President to visit all 50 states ______________

11. He had pet sheep that grazed on the White House lawn ______________

12. He was the largest President weighing in at 325 pounds! ______________

13. First President to be born outside the original 13 states ______________

14. He is the only President with 4 names! ______________

15. He was the 1st person to be both V.P. & President without being elected by the people ______________

16. He was known as “The Rough Rider” ______________

17. He was the first President to own a radio. ______________

18. He loved to play the sax! ______________

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6. He is the only President to be elected to 2 nonconsecutive terms ______________

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May 2015, Page 12

Fun With Fractions!

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May 2015, Page 13

How Does A Seed Grow A Plant?

A lot of people are starting a vegetable or flower garden this time of year. Have you ever wondered how a plant grows from a seed that’s been planted? Germination takes place when a seed opens up and begins to grow the roots and the stalk of the plant.

When you purchase your seeds, they are dormant (sleeping) for a period of time and dry. When your seed is planted however, the process of germination begins. Germination only takes place if the conditions are favorable. Those conditions are water, oxygen and a suitable temperature. First, the seed gathers nutrients from the soil. Once the seeds soak in some water and it’s warm, they will begin to grow.

Cotyledons, or seed leaves, store food for the plant inside the seed.

When the water seeps through the seed’s shell into the embryo, the seed begins to swell. It often splits the seed coating and with the absorption of oxygen by the seed, energy is made for growth. As the seed starts to germinate, the first thing that comes out of it is the main root. The main root develops root hairs which absorb more water and attaches the embryo to the dirt. Then side roots and leaves appear.

Next, the stem with leaves pushes out the top of the seed.

When it reaches above the dirt surface and comes into the light, it develops chlorophyll and carries on photosynthesis until foliage leaves de-

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velop. Photosynthesis means “putting together with light.”

It is a process in which green plants use the energy from the sun to transform water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and sugar to help it grow.

Try This!

You will need: Dried green bean seeds from the store Paper towels Water in a glass A large ziploc bag

Soak 3 to 5 green bean seeds in water for 15 minutes.

Wet two paper towels and place seeds between the two paper towels. Put the two layers of paper towel with the seeds into the plastic bag and seal it. Check the seeds everyday and keep the paper towels moist. After a few days, the bean seeds will break open and a long thin root will grow out of it. It is germinating. If you plant it in soil now, it will grow into a green bean plant.

Other plants can grow from a leaf or a freshly broken branch. You just put the leaf stem or branch in water and it will grow roots.

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Australia

• Australia is the world’s largest island! Although this is the largest island, Australia, is the smallest continent.

• The capital is Canberra. It even has it’s own territory!

• The official name of the island is the Commonwealth of Australia. The continent was once under the control of Great Britain and was given that name. The first European discovery of the island was in 1606, by the Dutch. British people started to inhabit the land in 1788. Many settlers were prisoners sent to live there as punishment. The new people lived with the native population in peace for a short time, and then fighting over the land broke out.

• The population is about 23 million people!

• The currency is the Australian Dollar.

• Weather in Australia includes all seasons. They may seem backwards compared to United States seasons, because winter is from June to August, spring is from September to November, summer is from December to February, and autumn is from March to May. In the north, there are two seasons. The two seasons are called the wet season and the dry season.

COLOR The wet season is December to ME! March and is when tropical Australia receives the most rain and storms. The dry season, May to October, is mainly sunny skies.

• The discovery of gold in Australia drew more and more foreign settlers to the continent. By 1859, six different colonies were formed. By 1901 the colonies came together to form the Commonwealth of Australia.

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• The official language of Australia is English.

• The government is a democracy.

• A desert area known as “the outback” covers about two-thirds of the land. A large mass of land rising from the ground is called Uluru and located in Uluru Kata Tjuta National Park in Australia’s Red Centre, which is rich in Australian indigenous culture and spirituality. It is a World Heritage site and an ancient spiritual site for the indigenous population.

• It is estimated the humans have lived in Australia for around 45,000 years. The indigenous people of Australia are Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. Aborigines make up 2% of Australia's population today.

• Australia has more than 378 mammal species, 828 bird species, 4000 fish species, 300 species of lizards, 140 snake species, two crocodile species and around 50 types of marine mammal.

• Sydney, Australia is home to an iconic opera house, designed by the Danish Jørn Utzon and opened in 1973. The Great Barrier Reef in Eastern • Australia is the only coun- Australia is home to more than 3,000 try in the world to take up an reefs, which contain over 350 species entire continent. of corals and over 1,500 species of • There are an estimated fish. It is the biggest coral reef in the 27,700 plant species in Aus- world. tralia.

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May 2015, Page 16