Fig 17. Cities without ground (Frampton et al., 2012)
CITY WITHOUT GROUND MULTI-LEVEL CONNECTIVITY AND PUBLIC ACCESS Hong Kong is a city without ground. This is the case both spatially (built on steep slopes, the city has no ground plane) and culturally (there is no concept of ground). Density erases the ground in the city and redefines public-private relationships. Distance and time are distorted through compact networks of pedestrian infrastructure, public transport and natural topography in the urban landscape. These networks, though built independently and owned by different public and private actors, connecting to different functions and land uses, form a continuous space of diverse environments that serve as a fundamental public resource for the city.
Fig 18. Cities without ground (Frampton et al., 2012) 26
