GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
ISBN 978 92 4 156384 0
World Health Organization Department of Violence & Injury Prevention & Disability (VIP) 20 Avenue Appia Geneva 27 Switzerland E-mail: trafямБc@who.int www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY WHO
TIME FOR ACTION
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY TIME FOR ACTION
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Global status report on road safety: time for action. 1.Accidents, Traffic - statistics and numerical data. 2.Accidents, Traffic - trends. 3.Wounds and injuries - epidemiology. 4.Safety - statistics and numerical data. 5.Data collection. I.World Health Organization. Dept. of Violence and Injury Prevention. ISBN 978 92 4 156384 0
(NLM classification: WA 275)
Suggested citation: Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2009). © World Health Organization 2009 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed in Switzerland. Designed by L’IV Com Sàrl.
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Contents Preface
iv
Acknowledgements
v
Executive summary
vii
1. Background An international response to road trafямБc injury prevention
1 4
2. The need for a global assessment of road safety Methodology
7 8
3. The state of road safety around the world Road trafямБc injuries remain a global public health problem t -PX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF the highest burden and road trafямБc death rates t /FBSMZ IBMG PG UIPTF EZJOH PO UIF XPSME T SPBET BSF vulnerable road users
11 11 12 14
'FX DPVOUSJFT IBWF DPNQSFIFOTJWF SPBE TBGFUZ MBXT UIBU BSF XFMM FOGPSDFE t 4QFFE t %SJOLJOH BOE ESJWJOH t 6TF PG NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFUT t 4FBU CFMU VTF t 6TF PG DIJME SFTUSBJOUT t -FHJTMBUJPO TVNNBSZ
'FX DPVOUSJFT IBWF SFMJBCMF EBUB PO SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT t %BUB PO GBUBMJUJFT t %BUB PO OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT t %BUB PO FDPOPNJD DPTUT t %BUB PO NPOJUPSJOH BOE FWBMVBUJPO
4. Conclusions 4USFOHUIT BOE XFBLOFTTFT PG UIJT TVSWFZ ,FZ NFTTBHFT BOE SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT
References
41
Country proямБles
Statistical annex
227 iii
Preface The Global status report on road safety reafямБrms our understanding of road trafямБc injuries as a global health BOE EFWFMPQNFOU QSPCMFN .PSF UIBO NJMMJPO QFPQMF EJF PO UIF XPSME T SPBET FWFSZ ZFBS BOE BT NBOZ BT NJMMJPO PUIFST BSF JOKVSFE 0WFS PG UIF EFBUIT PDDVS JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT #FZPOE UIF FOPSNPVT TVGGFSJOH UIFZ DBVTF SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT DBO ESJWF B GBNJMZ JOUP QPWFSUZ BT DSBTI TVSWJWPST BOE UIFJS GBNJMJFT TUSVHHMF UP DPQF XJUI UIF MPOH UFSN DPOTFRVFODFT PG UIF FWFOU JODMVEJOH UIF DPTU PG NFEJDBM DBSF BOE SFIBCJMJUBUJPO BOE BMM UPP PGUFO GVOFSBM FYQFOTFT BOE UIF MPTT PG UIF GBNJMZ CSFBEXJOOFS 3PBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT BMTP QMBDF B IVHF TUSBJO PO OBUJPOBM IFBMUI TZTUFNT NBOZ PG XIJDI TVGGFS GSPN XPFGVMMZ JOBEFRVBUF MFWFMT PG SFTPVSDFT )JTUPSJDBMMZ NBOZ PG UIF NFBTVSFT JO QMBDF UP SFEVDF SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT BOE JOKVSJFT BSF BJNFE BU QSPUFDUJOH DBS PDDVQBOUT )PXFWFS BT UIJT SFQPSU TIPXT OFBSMZ IBMG PG UIPTF LJMMFE FBDI ZFBS BSPVOE UIF XPSME BSF QFEFTUSJBOT NPUPSDZDMJTUT DZDMJTUT BOE QBTTFOHFST JO QVCMJD USBOTQPSU UIJT mHVSF JT FWFO IJHIFS JO UIF QPPSFS DPVOUSJFT BOE DPNNVOJUJFT PG UIF XPSME The Global status report on road safety ESBXT PVS BUUFOUJPO UP UIF OFFET PG BMM SPBE VTFST o JODMVEJOH UIFTF NPTU WVMOFSBCMF HSPVQT 5IFZ UPP NVTU CF DPOTJEFSFE BOE HJWFO FRVBM QSJPSJUZ XIFO QPMJDZ EFDJTJPOT PO SPBE TBGFUZ land use and urban planning are made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o EJSFDUMZ PS JOEJSFDUMZ o JNQBDU PO UIF TBGFUZ PG UIPTF PO JUT SPBET 5IFTF QBSUOFST NVTU VTF UIF QPXFS PG UIF FWJEFODF JO IBOE UP FODPVSBHF UIPTF JNQMFNFOUJOH SPBE TBGFUZ JOJUJBUJWFT BOE BEPQUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH MFHJTMBUJPO UP BMJHO UIFJS FGGPSUT XJUI CFTU QSBDUJDF GSPN UIF mFME With the Global status report on road safety XF IBWF GPS UIF mSTU UJNF BO BTTFTTNFOU PO UIF TUBUVT PG SPBE TBGFUZ BSPVOE UIF HMPCF 5IJT VOJRVF BOE DPNQBSBCMF TFU of data conямБrms the relevance of this issue to the societal challenges of today. It JEFOUJmFT DMFBS HBQT BOE PQQPSUVOJUJFT BOE JOTQJSFT VT UP BDUJPO /PX JT UIF UJNF
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iv
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
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v
Executive summary conducted in 2008. The results provide a benchmark that countries can use to assess their road safety position relative to other countries, while internationally the data presented can collectively be considered as a global “baselineâ€? against which progress over time can be measured. The Global status report presents a number of key ďŹ ndings: t -PX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF countries have higher road trafďŹ c fatality rates (21.5 and 19.5 per 100 000 population, respectively) than high-income countries (10.3 per 100 000). Over 90% of the world’s fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, which have only 48% of the world’s registered vehicles.
Over 90% of the world’s fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, which have only 48% of the world’s vehicles.
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ver 1.2 million people die each year on the world’s roads, and between 20 and 50 million suffer non-fatal injuries. In most regions of the world this epidemic of road trafďŹ c injuries is still increasing. In the past ďŹ ve years most countries have endorsed the recommendations of the World report on road trafďŹ c injury prevention which give guidance on how countries can implement a comprehensive approach to improving road safety and reducing the death toll on their roads. To date, however, there has been no global assessment of road safety that indicates the extent to which this approach is being implemented. This Global status report on road safety is the ďŹ rst broad assessment of the status of road safety in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardized survey
vii
%FBUI SBUFT IBWF CFFO EFDMJOJOH over the last four to ďŹ ve decades in NBOZ IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT &WFO JO UIFTF DPVOUSJFT SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT SFNBJO BO JNQPSUBOU DBVTF PG EFBUI injury and disability. t "MNPTU IBMG PG UIPTF XIP EJF JO SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT BSF QFEFTUSJBOT DZDMJTUT PS VTFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXP XIFFMFST o DPMMFDUJWFMZ LOPXO BT iWVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFSTw o BOE UIJT QSPQPSUJPO JT higher in the poorer economies of the XPSME 'PS FYBNQMF XIJMF JO UIF IJHI income countries of the Americas 3FHJPO PG SFQPSUFE SPBE EFBUIT BSF BNPOH WFIJDMF PDDVQBOUT UIJT TJUVBUJPO JT WFSZ EJGGFSFOU JO UIF MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT PG UIF 8FTUFSO 1BDJmD 3FHJPO XIFSF PG SFQPSUFE SPBE EFBUIT BSF among vulnerable road users. The report suggests that not enough is being done to meet the needs of UIFTF WVMOFSBCMF HSPVQT 'PS JOTUBODF TQFFE JT B LFZ SJTL GBDUPS GPS JOKVSZ BNPOH QFEFTUSJBOT BOE DZDMJTUT BOE ZFU POMZ PG DPVOUSJFT NFFU basic criteria for reducing speed in VSCBO BSFBT XIJMF MFTT UIBO of countries rate the enforcement of their speed limits as effective. TrafďŹ c DBMNJOH NFBTVSFT QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFSF different groups of road users are not TFQBSBUFE JOGSBTUSVDUVSF BOE QPMJDZ NFBTVSFT UIBU BMMPX SPBE VTFST UP XBML BOE DZDMF TBGFMZ BOE NFBTVSFT UIBU JNQSPWF UIF RVBMJUZ PG BOE BDDFTT UP QVCMJD USBOTQPSU BSF BMTP MBDLJOH .BOZ PG UIF NFBTVSFT TIPXO UP CF effective at reducing road traffic injuries among vulnerable road users can also have other effects on health such as improved respiratory IFBMUI BT B SFTVMU PG SFEVDFE FYIBVTU FNJTTJPOT BOE UIF QPTJUJWF FGGFDUT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI JODSFBTFE QIZTJDBM activity.
viii
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
t 5IF BEPQUJPO BOE FOGPSDFNFOU PG USBGmD MBXT BQQFBST JOBEFRVBUF JO many countries. The development and effective enforcement of legislation is DSJUJDBM JO SFEVDJOH ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE FYDFTTJWF TQFFE BOE JO JODSFBTJOH UIF VTF PG IFMNFUT TFBU CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT 5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU GFXFS UIBO IBMG UIF DPVOUSJFT IBWF MBXT UP BEESFTT BMM GJWF PG UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST XIJMF POMZ IBWF MBXT UIBU DBO CF DPOTJEFSFE comprehensive in scope. 1 0WFS PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF TPNF LJOE PG OBUJPOBM ESJOLoESJWJOH MBX ZFU POMZ PG DPVOUSJFT TUJQVMBUF B MFHBM blood alcohol concentration limit PG MFTT UIBO PS FRVBM UP HSBNT QFS EFDJMJUSF BT SFDPNNFOEFE JO the World report 4JNJMBSMZ POMZ PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF B NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU MBX UIBU DPWFST CPUI SJEFST BOE QBTTFOHFST BOE NBOEBUF UIBU helmets should meet a specific national or international standard. 0OMZ PG DPVOUSJFT SFRVJSF TFBU belts to be used by passengers in both GSPOU BOE SFBS TFBUT BOE XIJMF PG IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF B MBX SFRVJSJOH ZPVOH DIJMESFO JO DBST UP CF SFTUSBJOFE XJUI BQQSPQSJBUF DIJME SFTUSBJOUT POMZ PG MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF TJNJMBS SFRVJSFNFOUT &OGPSDFNFOU TDPSFT GPS BMM UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST JT HFOFSBMMZ MPX TVHHFTUJOH UIBU SPBE TBGFUZ MBX FOGPSDFNFOU OFFET UP CF JNQSPWFE 5IJT SFRVJSFT QPMJUJDBM XJMM BOE FOTVSJOH UIBU MBX enforcement agencies are given sufficient human and financial resources to mount sustainable and effective enforcement activities. t "EESFTTJOH SPBE TBGFUZ JO B comprehensive manner necessitates UIF JOWPMWFNFOU PG NVMUJQMF TFDUPST
1 The criteria used to deďŹ ne “comprehensiveâ€? in relation to laws on speed, drink–driving, and use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints are described in the main text.
TVDI BT IFBMUI USBOTQPSU BOE police. A coordinated response to the problem includes the development and implementation of a multisectoral strategy on SPBE USBGmD JOKVSZ QSFWFOUJPO XJUI sufficient finances for planned BDUJWJUJFT UP CF BDIJFWFE XJUIJO B specified timeframe. While many DPVOUSJFT IBWF UBLFO QPTJUJWF TUFQT UPXBSET JNQSPWJOH UIF JOTUJUVUJPOBM GSBNFXPSLT OFFEFE UP TVQQPSU SPBE TBGFUZ FGGPSUT NBOZ DIBMMFOHFT SFNBJO 0OMZ POF UIJSE PG DPVOUSJFT have a national road safety strategy UIBU JT FOEPSTFE CZ UIF HPWFSONFOU UIBU JODMVEFT TQFDJmD UBSHFUT BOE that has funding allocated for its implementation. t 'JOBMMZ UIF SFQPSU TIPXT UIBU IVHF HBQT SFNBJO JO UIF RVBMJUZ and coverage of the data that
countries collect and report on road trafďŹ c injuries. Reliable data PO GBUBMJUJFT BOE OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT are needed by countries to assess the scope of the road trafďŹ c injury QSPCMFN UP UBSHFU SFTQPOTFT UP JU BOE UP NPOJUPS BOE FWBMVBUF the effectiveness of intervention NFBTVSFT 6OEFSSFQPSUJOH PG SPBE traffic fatalities remains a big QSPCMFN JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT BOE UIF TJUVBUJPO JT FWFO XPSTF XJUI SFHBSE UP OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT 'VSUIFSNPSF UIF MBDL PG IBSNPOJ[BUJPO PG UFSNJOPMPHZ CFUXFFO DPVOUSJFT BOE FWFO CFUXFFO TFDUPST XJUIJO UIFN MJNJUT DPNQBSBCJMJUZ PG EBUB 'PS JOTUBODF WBSZJOH UJNF QFSJPET CFUXFFO UIF crash and death are used to deďŹ ne a SPBE USBGmD EFBUI BOE UIF EFmOJUJPO PG B TFWFSF OPO GBUBM JOKVSZ BMTP WBSJFT +VTU PG DPVOUSJFT IBE information on the extent of their
8)0 QSFEJDUT UIBU road trafďŹ c injuries XJMM SJTF UP CFDPNF the ďŹ fth leading cause of death by
Leading causes of death, 2004 and 2030 compared TOTAL 2004 RANK
LEADING CAUSE
TOTAL 2030 %
RANK
LEADING CAUSE
%
1
Ischaemic heart disease
12.2
1
Ischaemic heart disease
12.2
2
Cerebrovascular disease
9.7
2
Cerebrovascular disease
9.7
3
Lower respiratory infections
7.0
3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
7.0
4
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
5.1
4
Lower respiratory infections
5.1
5
Diarrhoeal diseases
3.6
5
Road trafďŹ c injuries
3.6
6
HIV/AIDS
3.5
6
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
3.5
7
Tuberculosis
2.5
7
Diabetes mellitus
2.5
8
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
2.3
8
Hypertensive heart disease
2.3
9
Road trafďŹ c injuries
2.2
9
Stomach cancer
2.2
10
Prematurity and low birth weight
2.0
10
HIV/AIDS
2.0
11
Neonatal infections and other
1.9
11
Nephritis and nephrosis
1.9
12
Diabetes mellitus
1.9
12
Self-inicted injuries
1.9
13
Malaria
1.7
13
Liver cancer
1.7
14
Hypertensive heart disease
1.7
14
Colon and rectum cancer
1.7
15
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma
1.5
15
Oesophagus cancer
1.5
16
Self-inicted injuries
1.4
16
Violence
1.4
17
Stomach cancer
1.4
17
Alzheimer and other dementias
1.4
18
Cirrhosis of the liver
1.3
18
Cirrhosis of the liver
1.3
19
Nephritis and nephrosis
1.3
19
Breast cancer
1.3
20
Colon and rectum cancers
1.1
20
Tuberculosis
1.1
Source: World health statistics 2008 (http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2008/en/index.html)
ix
SPBE USBGmD JOKVSZ QSPCMFN UIF DPTUT incurred by their health sector or UIFJS OBUJPOBM FDPOPNJFT BOE UIF data needed to monitor and evaluate interventions accurately. 5IFSF JT B HSPXJOH CPEZ PG TPVOE scientiямБc evidence on the steps necessary UP JNQSPWF SPBE TBGFUZ 5IF MBTU GFX years have seen an increase in political XJMM JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT XJUI B OVNCFS PG UIFTF NFBTVSFT JNQMFNFOUFE XJEFMZ XIJMF SPBE TBGFUZ IBT SFDFJWFE JODSFBTJOH international attention and support. )PXFWFS UIF SFTVMUT QSFTFOUFE JO UIJT Global status report TIPX UIBU NVDI NPSF needs to be done. Key recommendations GSPN UIJT SFQPSU BSF t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP UBLF JOUP consideration the needs of all road VTFST XIFO NBLJOH QPMJDZ EFDJTJPOT that impact on road safety. To EBUF UIF OFFET PG WVMOFSBCMF SPBE users have been neglected in many countries and should be given SFOFXFE FNQIBTJT QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFO decisions are made about road JOGSBTUSVDUVSF MBOE VTF QMBOOJOH and transport services.
t 5IF FOGPSDFNFOU PG DPNQSFIFOTJWF BOE DMFBS MFHJTMBUJPO XJUI BQQSPQSJBUF penalties and accompanied by QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT JT B critical factor in reducing road trafямБc JOKVSJFT BOE EFBUIT &OGPSDFNFOU PG BMM SPBE TBGFUZ MBXT OFFET UP CF CPUI improved and sustained. t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOTVSF UIBU UIF institutions nominated as responsible for action on road safety are fostering multisectoral collaboration and have the necessary human and ямБnancial resources to act effectively. t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FODPVSBHF DPMMBCPSBUJPO CFUXFFO UIF EJGGFSFOU sectors involved in collecting and reporting data on road trafямБc injuries. 5IJT JOWPMWFT JNQSPWJOH EBUB MJOLBHFT CFUXFFO QPMJDF USBOTQPSU BOE IFBMUI TFSWJDFT BT XFMM BT JODSFBTJOH IVNBO DBQBDJUZ UP VOEFSUBLF EBUB collection.
This Global status report TIPXT UIBU OP DPVOUSZ DBO BGGPSE UP TJU CBDL BOE BTTVNF UIBU JUT SPBE TBGFUZ XPSL JT DPNQMFUF 4JHOJmDBOU QSPHSFTT JO OBUJPOBM SPBE TBGFUZ SFRVJSFT DMPTF DPMMBCPSBUJPO t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOBDU CFUXFFO SFMFWBOU MFBEFST BOE BHFODJFT DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT UIBU SFRVJSF BMM XIPTF QPMJDJFT o EJSFDUMZ PS JOEJSFDUMZ road users to be protected through o JNQBDU PO UIF TBGFUZ PG UIPTF PO UIF enforcement of speed limits that are roads. The international community must appropriate to the type and function also play its part in halting and reversing PG UIF SPBE UISPVHI UIF TUJQVMBUJPO the current global trend of increasing of blood alcohol concentration limits SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT CZ SFDPHOJ[JOH SPBE UP SFEVDF ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE UISPVHI trafямБc injuries as an important health and the use of appropriate occupant development problem and by intensifying QSPUFDUJPO NFBTVSFT &YJTUJOH support for prevention. MFHJTMBUJPO TIPVME CF SFWJFXFE BOE BNFOEFE UP DPOGPSN XJUI HPPE practices that are based on sound evidence of effectiveness.
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GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
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oad transportation provides beneямБts both to nations and to individuals by facilitating the movement of goods and people. It enables increased access UP KPCT FDPOPNJD NBSLFUT FEVDBUJPO SFDSFBUJPO BOE IFBMUI DBSF XIJDI JO UVSO have direct and indirect positive impacts PO UIF IFBMUI PG QPQVMBUJPOT )PXFWFS the increase in road transportation has also placed a considerable burden on QFPQMF T IFBMUI o JO UIF GPSN PG SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT SFTQJSBUPSZ JMMOFTTFT BOE UIF IFBMUI DPOTFRVFODFT UIBU FOTVF GSPN
a reduction in physical activity. There are BEEJUJPOBM OFHBUJWF FDPOPNJD TPDJBM BOE FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOTFRVFODFT UIBU BSJTF from the movement of people and goods PO UIF SPBET o TVDI BT BJS QPMMVUJPO HSFFOIPVTF HBT FNJTTJPOT DPOTVNQUJPO PG mOJUF SFTPVSDFT DPNNVOJUZ TFWFSBODF and noise. "DDPSEJOH UP 8)0 T (MPCBM #VSEFO PG %JTFBTF 1SPKFDU GPS SPBE trafямБc crashes caused over 1.27 million EFBUIT UIBU ZFBS o B TJNJMBS OVNCFS UP
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1
#FUXFFO BOE UIF number of motorized vehicles in 5IBJMBOE BMNPTU EPVCMFE GSPN NJMMJPO UP NJMMJPO
1
those caused by many communicable diseases . Road trafямБc injuries affect BMM BHF HSPVQT CVU UIFJS JNQBDU JT NPTU TUSJLJOH BNPOH UIF ZPVOH 5BCMF TIPXT that road trafямБc injuries are consistently one of the top three causes of death for QFPQMF BHFE CFUXFFO BOE ZFBST
JOKVSFE JO SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT JO IBE B TVCTFRVFOU EJTBCJMJUZ XIJMF in India an estimated 2 million people have a disability that results from a road trafямБc crash # $ 4JUVBUJPOT MJLF UIFTF IBWF JNQPSUBOU DPOTFRVFODFT PO UIF demand for services needed to address disability.
While road trafямБc death rates in many IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF TUBCJMJ[FE PS EFDMJOFE JO SFDFOU EFDBEFT EBUB TVHHFTU UIBU JO NPTU SFHJPOT PG UIF XPSME the global epidemic of trafямБc injuries is still increasing. It has been estimated UIBU VOMFTT JNNFEJBUF BDUJPO JT UBLFO SPBE EFBUIT XJMM SJTF UP UIF mGUI MFBEJOH DBVTF PG EFBUI CZ SFTVMUJOH JO an estimated 2.4 million fatalities per year .
The road trafямБc injury epidemic also has considerable impact on the economies PG NBOZ DPVOUSJFT QBSUJDVMBSMZ MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT UIBU BSF GSFRVFOUMZ TUSVHHMJOH XJUI other development needs. The global losses due to road trafямБc injuries are FTUJNBUFE UP CF 64 CJMMJPO1 and DPTU HPWFSONFOUT CFUXFFO BOE PG UIFJS HSPTT OBUJPOBM QSPEVDU o NPSF than the total amount that these countries *O BEEJUJPO UP GBUBMJUJFT NBOZ MFTT TFWFSF receive in development assistance " % . JOKVSJFT BSF DBVTFE CZ SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT CFUXFFO BOE NJMMJPO OPO GBUBM Persons from poor economic settings are injuries are estimated to occur annually disproportionately affected by road trafямБc BSPVOE UIF XPSME ! " 5IFTF OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT FWFO JO IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT injuries are also an important cause of 'PS JOTUBODF B TUVEZ JO /FX 4PVUI 8BMFT disability " TUVEZ JO 5VSLFZ FTUJNBUFE "VTUSBMJB GPVOE UIBU DIJMESFO PG SFMBUJWFMZ UIBU PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ QFPQMF 1 A billion here is used to refer to one thousand million.
Road trafямБc injuries are one of the top three causes of death for people
BOE ZFBST
2
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
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BHFE CFUXFFO
Table 1. Leading causes of death by age, world, 2004 RANK
0–4 YRS
5–14 YRS
1
Perinatal causes
Lower respiratory infections
15–29 YRS
30–44 YRS
45–69 YRS
70+ YRS
TOTAL
Tuberculosis
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease
Tuberculosis
Road trafďŹ c injuries
HIV/AIDS
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Lower respiratory infections
Drownings
Violence
Ischaemic heart disease
Tuberculosis
Measles
Meningitis
Self-inicted injuries
Self-inicted injuries
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6
Congenital anomalies
Diarrhoeal diseases
Lower respiratory infections
Violence
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Lower respiratory infections Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
Road trafďŹ c injuries
HIV/AIDS
2
Lower respiratory infections
Road trafďŹ c injuries
HIV/AIDS
3
Diarrhoeal diseases
Malaria
4
Malaria
5
Diabetes mellitus
Diarrhoeal diseases
7
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Drownings
Cirrhosis of the liver
Hypertensive heart disease
HIV/AIDS
8
Whooping cough
Tuberculosis
Fires
Lower respiratory infections Cerebrovascular disease
Road trafďŹ c injuries
Stomach cancer
Tuberculosis
9
Meningitis
Protein–energy malnutrition
War and conict
Cirrhosis of the liver
Lower respiratory infections
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
10
Tetanus
Fires
Poisonings
Diabetes mellitus
11
Measles Leukaemia
Stomach cancer
13
Drownings
Congenital anomalies
Abortion
Liver cancer
Liver cancer
14
Road trafďŹ c injuries
Trypanosomiasis
Oesophagus cancer
Fires
Falls
Cirrhosis of the liver
Stomach cancer
16
Tuberculosis
Epilepsy
Diarrhoeal diseases
War and conict
Breast cancer Hypertensive heart disease Nephritis and nephrosis
Malaria Hypertensive heart disease Self-inicted injuries
15
Leukaemia Cerebrovascular disease
Maternal haemorrhage Fires Nephritis and nephrosis Drownings
Self-inicted injuries
12
Protein–energy malnutrition Syphilis
Maternal haemorrhage Ischaemic heart disease Poisonings
Colon and rectum cancers Nephritis and nephrosis Alzheimer and other dementias Tuberculosis
Inammatory heart diseases
Cirrhosis of the liver
17
Endocrine disorders
Leishmaniasis
Falls
Falls
Oesophagus cancer
Breast cancer
18
Violence
Meningitis
Diarrhoeal diseases
Colon and rectum cancers
Prostate cancer
19
Upper respiratory infections Iron deďŹ ciency anaemia
Nephritis and nephrosis Colon and rectum cancers
War and conict
Nephritis and nephrosis
Liver cancer
Poisonings
Falls
Liver cancer
20
Epilepsy
Poisonings
Malaria
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
Mouth and oropharynx cancers
Road trafďŹ c injuries
Violence
Breast cancer
Perinatal causes
Road trafďŹ c injuries Diabetes mellitus
>V]b] • > EWZYS`a]\ 0WUAb]QY>V]b] Q][
Source: WHO (2008), Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update.
Teenage drivers are at increased SJTL PG SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT
CENTRE While the ямБgures on road trafямБc deaths point to UIF FYUFOU PG UIF QSPCMFN BSPVOE UIF XPSME UIFZ GBJM to tell the full story and to reямВect the devastation and TVGGFSJOH UIBU FBDI PG UIFTF EFBUIT CSJOHT UP UIF GBNJMZ friends and community of those affected.
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Those physically disabled as a result of a motor vehicle collision often face stigma and discrimination XIJDI DBO MFBE UP TPDJBM FEVDBUJPOBM PDDVQBUJPOBM BOE mOBODJBM EFQSJWBUJPO *O BEEJUJPO NBOZ IBWF NFOUBM IFBMUI DPOTFRVFODFT TVDI BT QPTU USBVNBUJD TUSFTT EJTPSEFS QIPCJBT BOYJFUZ BOE EFQSFTTJPO
PHOTO LEFT
"T XFMM BT UIF QFSTPOBM DPTUT SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT place a huge demand on health services.
RIGHT
Road trafямБc injuries TIPX B TUFFQ socioeconomic HSBEJFOU XJUI those from more disadvantaged CBDLHSPVOET BU IJHIFS SJTL UIBO UIFJS NPSF afямВuent counterparts.
4
MPXFS TPDJPFDPOPNJD TUBUVT XFSF BU IJHIFTU SJTL PG B SPBE USBGmD JOKVSZ & . 4JNJMBSMZ SFTFBSDI GSPN #BOHBMPSF *OEJB GPVOE UIBU NPSUBMJUZ GSPN SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT XBT BOE QFS JO UIF QPPSFS TPDJPFDPOPNJD groups of urban and rural populations SFTQFDUJWFMZ DPNQBSFE UP BOE QFS BNPOH UIFJS NPSF afямВuent urban and rural counterparts ' "T XFMM BT CFJOH BU JODSFBTFE SJTL disadvantaged families are hardest hit by the ямБnancial pressure resulting from road trafямБc crashes. Poor families are less MJLFMZ UP IBWF UIF mOBODJBM SFTPVSDFT UP pay the direct and indirect costs related to a road trafямБc crash. Many families are driven deeper into poverty by the loss of B GBNJMZ CSFBEXJOOFS GVOFSBM DPTUT UIF expenses of prolonged medical care and SFIBCJMJUBUJPO PS UISPVHI FBSOJOHT MPTU XIJMF DBSJOH GPS TPNFPOF XIP JT JOKVSFE or disabled .
demand placed on health professionals. *O ,FOZB GPS FYBNQMF SPBE USBGmD JOKVSZ QBUJFOUT SFQSFTFOU CFUXFFO o PG BMM BENJTTJPOT UP TVSHJDBM XBSET . 4JNJMBSMZ TUVEJFT JO *OEJB TIPX UIBU SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT BDDPVOU GPS o PG FNFSHFODZ SPPN SFHJTUSBUJPOT o PG IPTQJUBM BENJTTJPOT BOE o PG QFPQMF IPTQJUBMJ[FE XJUI USBVNBUJD CSBJO injuries .
An international response to road trafямБc injury prevention
The need to reduce road trafямБc deaths BOE JOKVSJFT IBT CFFO BDLOPXMFEHFE CZ UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT TZTUFN BOE JUT .FNCFS 4UBUFT GPS OFBSMZ ZFBST 3PBE TBGFUZ XPSL IBT CFFO DBSSJFE PVU CZ WBSJPVT HMPCBM BOE SFHJPOBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOT JODMVEJOH UIF 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO 8)0 UIF 8PSME #BOL UIF 6OJUFE Road trafямБc injuries place a huge strain /BUJPOT 3FHJPOBM $PNNJTTJPOT BOE B on health care services in terms of number of the regional development mOBODJBM SFTPVSDFT CFE PDDVQBODZ BOE CBOLT
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
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>V]b] ┬Х ; >SRS\ E6=
*O UIF 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO BOE UIF 8PSME #BOL KPJOUMZ MBVODIFE the World report on road trafямБc injury prevention " . This document stressed the role of many sectors in the prevention of road trafямБc injuries. It also described the fundamental concepts of road trafямБc injury QSFWFOUJPO UIF NBHOJUVEF BOE JNQBDU PG SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT UIF NBKPS EFUFSNJOBOUT BOE SJTL GBDUPST BOE FGGFDUJWF JOUFSWFOUJPO strategies. The World report concluded XJUI TJY SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT UIBU DPVOUSJFT TIPVME GPMMPX UP JNQSPWF UIFJS SPBE TBGFUZ TJUVBUJPO OBNFMZ 1. Identify a lead agency in government to guide the national road trafямБc safety effort. "TTFTT UIF QSPCMFN QPMJDJFT BOE institutional settings relating to road trafямБc injury and the capacity for road trafямБc injury prevention in each country. 1SFQBSF B OBUJPOBM SPBE TBGFUZ strategy and plan of action.
4. Allocate financial and human resources to address the problem. *NQMFNFOU TQFDJmD BDUJPOT UP QSFWFOU SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT NJOJNJ[F JOKVSJFT BOE UIFJS DPOTFRVFODFT BOE FWBMVBUF the impact of these actions. These BDUJPOT JODMVEF NFBTVSFT UP SFEVDF FYDFTTJWF BOE JOBQQSPQSJBUF TQFFE UP SFEVDF ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE UP JODSFBTF UIF VTF PG NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFUT TFBU belts and child restraints. 4VQQPSU UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG national capacity and international cooperation. The World repor t promoted a comprehensive approach to road safety XIJDI JOWPMWFT JEFOUJGZJOH UIF JOUFSBDUJPOT CFUXFFO UIF SPBE VTFS UIF WFIJDMF BOE UIF SPBE FOWJSPONFOU o J F UIF QPUFOUJBM BSFBT GPS JOUFSWFOUJPO 5IJT BQQSPBDI PGUFO DBMMFE UIF TZTUFNT BQQSPBDI recognizes that the human body is highly vulnerable to injury and that humans NBLF NJTUBLFT " TBGF SPBE USBGmD TZTUFN is therefore one that accommodates and
compensates for human vulnerability and GBMMJCJMJUZ 'JHVSF 5P BEPQU B TZTUFNT approach necessitates the involvement and the close collaboration of a number PG TFDUPST o USBOTQPSU QPMJDF IFBMUI JOEVTUSZ DJWJM TPDJFUZ BOE TQFDJBM JOUFSFTU groups. Fundamental to implementing this approach is the collection of accurate data on the magnitude of road trafямБc DSBTIFT BOE PO SJTL GBDUPST 5IF DPVOUSJFT that have made the most progress in road safety are those that have adopted this comprehensive approach.
5IF GPMMPXJOH NPOUI UIF 8PSME )FBMUI "TTFNCMZ BEPQUFE SFTPMVUJPO 8)" PO i3PBE TBGFUZ BOE IFBMUIw XIJDI DBMMFE PO 8)0 .FNCFS 4UBUFT UP QSJPSJUJ[F SPBE TBGFUZ BT B QVCMJD IFBMUI JTTVF BOE UP UBLF TUFQT UP JNQMFNFOU NFBTVSFT UIBU BSF LOPXO UP CF FGGFDUJWF JO SFEVDJOH SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT 4VCTFRVFOU 6OJUFE /BUJPOT (FOFSBM "TTFNCMZ SFTPMVUJPOT UIBU XFSF BEPQUFE JO CPUI BOE SFJOGPSDFE UIF DBMM GPS .FNCFS 4UBUFT UP increase the attention paid to road trafямБc JOKVSZ QSFWFOUJPO JO HFOFSBM BOE UP UIF implementation of the recommendations *O "QSJM TPPO BGUFS UIF MBVODI PG of the World report in particular.1 This the World report UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT document reports on the progress (FOFSBM "TTFNCMZ BEPQUFE SFTPMVUJPO made in implementing some of the PO i*NQSPWJOH HMPCBM SPBE recommendations of the World report. TBGFUZw XIJDI SFDPHOJ[FE UIF World report and endorsed its recommendations. 1 For the full text of these resolutions, see http://www.who.int/roadsafety/about/resolutions/ en/index.html.
Figure 1. The systems approach to road safety
Source: Adapted from reference 13.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
2
The need for a global assessment of road safety
A
>V]b] Â&#x2022; 2 <]dOY]dWQ 0WUAb]QY>V]b] Q][
s more countries begin or &YBNQMFT PG TVDI BTTFTTNFOUT JODMVEF t SFHVMBS DPNQBSJTPOT PG SPBE TBGFUZ DPOUJOVF UP UBLF TUFQT UPXBSET performance on a number of addressing their national road JOEJDBUPST JO &VSPQFBO DPVOUSJFT TBGFUZ QSPCMFN JU IBT CFDPNF BQQBSFOU DPOEVDUFE CZ UIF &VSPQFBO 3PBE that regular global assessments of road 4BGFUZ 0CTFSWBUPSZ TBGFUZ BSF OFFEFE 5IFTF BSF SFRVJSFE t SFHJPOBM SFQPSUT PO UIF JOTUJUVUJPOBM OPU POMZ UP NFBTVSF HMPCBM QSPHSFTT road safety capacity of member but also to enable countries to compare DPVOUSJFT TVDI BT UIPTF DPOEVDUFE UIFJS SPBE TBGFUZ TJUVBUJPO XJUI PUIFS CZ UIF "TTPDJBUJPO PG 4PVUIFBTU "TJBO DPVOUSJFT 4VDI B HMPCBM BTTFTTNFOU /BUJPOT BOE UIF "TJBO %FWFMPQNFOU SFRVJSFT B TUBOEBSEJ[FE NFUIPEPMPHZ #BOL UIBU DBO QSPWJEF HPWFSONFOUT EPOPST t UIF *OUFSOBUJPOBM 3PBE 5SBGmD BOE QSBDUJUJPOFST QMBOOFST BOE SFTFBSDIFST "DDJEFOU %BUBCBTF XIJDI VTFT XJUI UIF JOGPSNBUJPO UIBU UIFZ OFFE UP a comparable methodology to NBLF FWJEFODF CBTFE EFDJTJPOT DPMMFDU EBUB PO PWFS SPBE USBGmD WBSJBCMFT BNPOH NFNCFS A number of regional mechanisms provide DPVOUSJFT comparable data to assist national policy formulation and drive regional policy.
8JUI BO BHFJOH QPQVMBUJPO IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT XJMM OFFE UP MPPL again at their road safety strategies to address their vulnerabilities.
7
5P EBUF IPXFWFS OP TVDI HMPCBM assessment of road safety exists. Previous FGGPSUT XIJMF JOGPSNBUJWF IBWF CFFO limited to the analysis of aggregated EBUB PO QBUUFSOT BOE USFOET PS IBWF painted a largely illustrative picture by SFMZJOH QSFEPNJOBOUMZ PO DBTF TUVEJFT or have focused on speciямБc aspects of SPBE TBGFUZ SBUIFS UIBO QSPWJEJOH B TFU "T XFMM BT BMMPXJOH OBUJPOBM EFWFMPQNFOUT PG DSJUFSJB BHBJOTU XIJDI DPVOUSJFT BSF JO UIF BSFB PG SPBE TBGFUZ UP CF WJFXFE measured regularly " # . In other PWFS UJNF BOE XJUIJO BO JOUFSOBUJPOBM areas of health and development such DPOUFYU UIFTF BTTFTTNFOUT BSF FTTFOUJBM BTTFTTNFOUT BSF SFMBUJWFMZ DPNNPO UIF in providing the data needed to advocate DPNNVOJUJFT XPSLJOH PO DMJNBUF DIBOHF for standardized deямБnitions and measures EFWFMPQNFOU BMDPIPM UPCBDDP DPOUSPM and tuberculosis all have tools and XJUIJO SFHJPOT JOEJDBUPST UIBU BMMPX UIFN UP BTTFTT UIF global status of their particular topic on a regular basis. t UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT &DPOPNJD $PNNJTTJPO GPS &VSPQF T SFWJFXT PG MFHJTMBUJPO PO QBSUJDVMBS SJTL GBDUPST such as speed and blood alcohol DPODFOUSBUJPO MJNJUT BOE t UIF JO EFQUI SPBE TBGFUZ BTTFTTNFOUT DPOEVDUFE CZ UIF 8PSME #BOL JO JUT focus countries.
Methodology *O "VHVTU 8)0 CFHBO UP EFWFMPQ the Global status report on road safety (4334 UP BEESFTT UIJT EBUB HBQ BOE UP BTTFTT SPBE TBGFUZ BSPVOE UIF XPSME
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The specific objectives of the project XFSF t to assess the status of road safety JO BMM 8)0 .FNCFS 4UBUFT VTJOH B core set of road safety indicators and B TUBOEBSEJ[FE NFUIPEPMPHZ t UP JOEJDBUF UIF HBQT JO SPBE TBGFUZ t UP IFMQ DPVOUSJFT JEFOUJGZ UIF LFZ priorities for intervention and to stimulate road safety activities at a national level.
8
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
" TFMG BENJOJTUFSFE RVFTUJPOOBJSF XBT developed using the recommendations of the World report as a basis for its content. 5IF NFUIPEPMPHZ XBT EFWFMPQFE JO DPOTVMUBUJPO XJUI BO FYQFSU DPNNJUUFF PG road safety researchers and practitioners BOE XBT XJEFMZ SFWJFXFE CZ SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT of international and regional road TBGFUZ PSHBOJ[BUJPOT HPWFSONFOUBM BOE
OPOHPWFSONFOUBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOT BOE academic institutions.1 5IF GPMMPXJOH BSFBT XFSF BEESFTTFE JO UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF 2 t institutional settings and policies FYJTUFODF PG B MFBE BHFODZ PO SPBE TBGFUZ B OBUJPOBM TUSBUFHZ PO SPBE TBGFUZ BOE BMMPDBUJPO PG GVOEJOH GPS UIF BDUJWJUJFT PG CPUI t EBUB SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT EBUB PO DPTUT PG SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT t FYQPTVSF UP SJTL TVDI BT UIF existence of policies to encourage OPO NPUPSJ[FE NPEFT PG USBOTQPSU and public transport and strategies UP BDIJFWF UIFTF BOE MFWFMT PG NPUPSJ[BUJPO t vehicle and infrastructure standards UIF FYJTUFODF PG NBOVGBDUVSJOH TUBOEBSET SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS TBGFUZ audits of road infrastructure QSPKFDUT BOE WFIJDMF JOTQFDUJPO SFRVJSFNFOUT t legislation on some of the main CFIBWJPVSBM SJTL GBDUPST TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH VTF PG NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFUT VTF PG TFBU CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT BOE QFSDFQUJPOT PG enforcement levels relating to each PG UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST t QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF FYJTUFODF PG B GPSNBM QVCMJDMZ BWBJMBCMF QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF TZTUFN BOE PG FNFSHFODZ BDDFTT UFMFQIPOF OVNCFST
Figure 2. Methodology
(MPCBM BOE SFHJPOBM MFWFM DPPSEJOBUJPO
/BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPS JO FBDI DPVOUSZ BSFB
(SPVQ PG o SFTQPOEFOUT DPNQSJTJOH B NVMUJTFDUPSBM HSPVQ Â&#x2030; EJGGFSFOU NJOJTUSJFT IFBMUI QPMJDF USBOTQPSU FUD OPOHPWFSONFOUBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOT BDBEFNJDT
/BUJPOBM DPOTFOTVT NFFUJOH
1 national dataset
Global Status Report
trained and then facilitated a consensus meeting involving a multisectoral group of up to eight road safety experts. The NFUIPEPMPHZ TUJQVMBUFE UIBU UIF IFBMUI transport and enforcement sectors should be represented among the respondents JO FBDI DPVOUSZ XIJMF BMTP FODPVSBHJOH the involvement of nongovernmental PSHBOJ[BUJPOT BDBEFNJDT BOE PUIFS SPBE TBGFUZ QSBDUJUJPOFST &BDI SFTQPOEFOU XBT BTLFE UP DPNQMFUF UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF4 The methodology used for data collection independently and then discuss each of JT TIPXO JO 'JHVSF *U JOWPMWFE UIF UIF BOTXFST BU UIF DPOTFOTVT NFFUJOH identiďŹ cation in each participating country XIFSF UIF FYQFSUT XPVME BHSFF BT B HSPVQ PG B /BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPS TFF PO POF mOBM DPVOUSZ SFTQPOTF XIJDI XBT 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY XIP XBT UIFO TVCNJUUFE UP 8)0 1 See Acknowledgements section, page v. 2 For the questionnaire and accompanying instruction booklet see www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2009 3 This survey reports â&#x20AC;&#x153;perceptions of enforcementâ&#x20AC;?, as agreed by the group of respondents in the consensus meeting. Note that the eight countries that did not hold a consensus meeting did not answer these questions, while some groups of respondents could not come to a consensus on these scores and so left the enforcement questions blank.
4 In the Eastern Mediterranean Region questionnaires were administered during face-to-face interviews. 5 More details on the methodology can be found at www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/ road_safety_status/2009
%BUB DPMMFDUJPO CFHBO JO .BSDI BOE XBT DPNQMFUFE JO 4FQUFNCFS BGUFS XIJDI UIF EBUB XFSF WBMJEBUFE JO B EJBMPHVF CFUXFFO 8)0 TUBGG BOE UIF /BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPST UP SFTPMWF BOZ JODPOTJTUFODJFT 7BMJEBUFE EBUB XFSF then sent for government clearance. 'JOBM EBUB XFSF SFDFJWFE GSPN QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT BOE BSFBT Ă&#x2019; 8)0 .FNCFS 4UBUFT BOE "TTPDJBUF .FNCFS 4UBUFT BOE OPO NFNCFS BSFBT 5BCMF 5IFTF DPVOUSJFT BOE BSFBT BDDPVOU GPS PWFS PG UIF XPSME T QPQVMBUJPO
Most of the data collected through this project are reported in this document. The main text contains an BOBMZTJT PG BHHSFHBUFE JOGPSNBUJPO XIJMF UIF DPVOUSZ QSPGJMFT EFTDSJCF the main variables reported by each participating country using a standard UFNQMBUF 5IF 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY JODMVEFT DPVOUSZ CZ DPVOUSZ SFTVMUT GPS NPTU WBSJBCMFT *ODPNQMFUF EBUB BOE MBDL of comparability on some variables affected the ability to analyse and report some of the information received from countries.
Table 2. Participation in the survey, by WHO region and income groupa NUMBER OF MEMBER STATES AND ASSOCIATE MEMBER STATES
WHO REGION
COUNTRIES/AREAS PARTICIPATING
NON-PARTICIPATING MEMBER/ASSOCIATE MEMBER STATES AND % OF REGIONAL POPULATION
AFRICAN REGION
46
41 (0 HIC, 11 MIC, 30 LIC)
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
36b
32 (31 Member and Associate Member States, 1 non-member area) (6 HIC,c 26 MIC)
Antigua & Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, St. Kitts & Nevis (1.1%)
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
11
10 (0 HIC, 6 MIC, 4 LIC)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1.4%)
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
21
20 (19 Member States, 1 non-member area) (5 HIC, 12 MIC, 3 LICd)
EUROPEAN REGION
53
49 (25 HIC, 21 MIC, 3 LIC)
Andorra, Denmark, Luxembourg, Monaco (0.7%)
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
28e
26 (6 HIC, 15 MIC, 5 LIC)
Niue, Tokelau (< 1%)
GLOBAL
195 Member and Associate Member States
178 (176 Member and Associate Member States, 2 non-member areas) (42 HIC, 91 MIC, 45 LIC)
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries a See Table A.2 in Statistical Annex for information on WHO regions and income level classiďŹ cations. b Includes one Associate Member State, Puerto Rico. c Includes one non-member area, the British Virgin Islands. d Includes one non-member area, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. e Includes one Associate Member State, Tokelau.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Algeria, CĂ´te d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea (8.8%)
Djibouti, Somalia (1.7%)
19 (accounting for 1.7% of population of the 195 Member and Associate Member States)
3
The state of road safety around the XPSME
Road trafďŹ c injuries remain a global public health problem
XIJDI VTFT WJUBM SFHJTUSBUJPO EFBUI DFSUJmDBUF EBUB JSSFTQFDUJWF PG UIF UJNF QFSJPE CFUXFFO DPMMJTJPO BOE EFBUI estimates that 1.27 million people died Road trafďŹ c injuries remain an important as a result of a road trafďŹ c collision in QVCMJD IFBMUI QSPCMFN BU HMPCBM SFHJPOBM that year . The total number of deaths and national levels. While steps are being reported in this survey is approximately UBLFO JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT UP JNQSPWF SPBE VTJOH B EBZ EFmOJUJPO TBGFUZ NVDI TUJMM OFFET UP CF EPOF JG UIF indicating vast underreporting. When rising trend in road trafďŹ c deaths is to be UIFTF EBUB BSF NPEFMMFE TFF 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY UIF UPUBM EBZ OVNCFS GPS UIF halted or reversed. 178 countries included in the study is 0WFS UIF QBTU GFX ZFBST B SBOHF PG NJMMJPO "MNPTU BMM EBUB TPVSDFT methods has been used by different TIPX UIBU BCPVU UISFF RVBSUFST PG SPBE organizations to estimate the number of trafďŹ c deaths are among men and that HMPCBM SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT 5IF 8)0 the highest impact is in the economically (MPCBM #VSEFO PG %JTFBTF QSPKFDU active age ranges.
Figure 3. Population, road trafďŹ c deathsa, and registered motorized vehicles, by income group Population
Road trafďŹ c deathsa HIC 8.5%
HIC 15.6% LIC 36.7%
LIC 41.9% MIC 47.8%
MIC 49.6%
Registered vehicles LIC 9.2%
MIC 38.7%
HIC 52.1%
a
30-day deďŹ nition, modelled data. HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
11
Low-income and middle-income countries have the highest burden and road trafямБc death rates
0WFS PG UIF XPSME T GBUBMJUJFT PO the roads occur in MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT XIJDI IBWF less than half of the
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XPSME T WFIJDMFT
BOE EPFT OPU HJWF BO BTTFTTNFOU PG SJTL JU OPOFUIFMFTT HJWFT BO JOEJDBUJPO PG XIFSF intervention could help signiямБcantly to .PTU PG UIF XPSME T GBUBMJUJFT PO UIF reduce the total number of road trafямБc SPBET PDDVS JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF deaths at a global level. JODPNF DPVOUSJFT XIJDI IBWF POMZ From a public health perspective and for PG UIF XPSME T SFHJTUFSFE WFIJDMFT UIF QVSQPTF PG NBLJOH DPNQBSJTPOT UIF "QQSPYJNBUFMZ PG SFQPSUFE SPBE VTF PG SBUFT QFS QPQVMBUJPO JT USBGmD EFBUIT PDDVS JO DPVOUSJFT o XIJDI a more useful measure of the size of a JO PSEFS PG NBHOJUVEF BSF *OEJB $IJOB QSPCMFN UIBO BCTPMVUF OVNCFST BOE JT UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT UIF 3VTTJBO 'FEFSBUJPO also useful for assessing performance #SB[JM *SBO .FYJDP *OEPOFTJB 4PVUI over time and for giving an indication of "GSJDB BOE &HZQU o BOE BDDPVOU GPS SJTL "T XFMM BT BDDPVOUJOH GPS UIF IJHIFTU PG UIF XPSME T QPQVMBUJPO )PXFWFS BCTPMVUF CVSEFO PG SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT CBTFE PO NPEFMMFE OVNCFST UIF fatality rates relative to population are DPVOUSJFT XJUI UIF IJHIFTU OVNCFS PG BMTP IJHIFTU JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF EFBUIT BSF $IJOB *OEJB /JHFSJB UIF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT 5BCMF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT 1BLJTUBO *OEPOFTJB UIF 3VTTJBO 'FEFSBUJPO #SB[JM &HZQU BOE *U JT FWJEFOU UIBU BMUIPVHI UIF IJHIFTU SBUFT &UIJPQJB TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM BSF JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF "OOFY 8IJMF UIF UPUBM OVNCFS PG EFBUIT DPVOUSJFT SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT SFNBJO WFSZ is clearly related to both the population SFMFWBOU UP IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT BT XFMM BOE NPUPSJ[BUJPO MFWFMT XJUIJO B DPVOUSZ " OVNCFS PG IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF
12
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 3. Modelled road traffic injury fatality rates (per 100 000 population),a by WHO region and income group WHO REGION b
AFRICAN REGION
c
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
b
HIGH-INCOME
MIDDLE-INCOME
LOW-INCOME
TOTAL
—
32.2
32.3
32.2
13.4
17.3
—
15.8
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
—
16.7
16.5
16.6
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
28.5
35.8
27.5
32.2
EUROPEAN REGION
7.9
19.3
12.2
13.4
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
7.2
16.9
15.6
15.6
GLOBAL
10.3
19.5
21.5
18.8
a
30-day definition. No high-income countries. c No low-income countries. b
Figure 4. Trends in road traffic fatality rates in selected high-income countries 30
Rate per 100 000 population
25 20 15 10 5
9
0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 199 6 199 7 199 8 199 9 200 0 200 1 200 2 200 3 200 4 200 5 200 6 200 7
198
197
197
8
0
Year Australia
Canada
road traffic injury fatality rates well above the average for this income group. For instance, high-income countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region have a modelled road traffic injury fatality rate of 28.5 per 100 000 population, which is well above the global average for countries in this broad income group, as shown in Table 3. Similarly, while a number of high-income countries have managed to reduce their road traffic fatality rates in recent decades, in other high-income countries the downward trends in road traffic fatalities that began
France
Japan
Sweden
United States of America
in the 1970s and 1980s have started to flatten, suggesting that extra steps are needed to reduce these rates further (see Figure 4). The 10 countries with the lowest modelled road traffic fatality rates are almost all high-income countries, where rates vary between 3.4 and 5.4 deaths per 100 000 population. While these countries, the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom for instance, may be top performers globally with regard to road safety, they too still have considerable
13
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1FEFTUSJBOT DZDMJTUT and drivers of NPUPSJ[FE UXP XIFFMFST BOE UIFJS passengers account for almost half of global road trafďŹ c deaths.
SPPN GPS JNQSPWFNFOU 'PS FYBNQMF road trafďŹ c injuries are still an important DBVTF PG EFBUI JO 4XFEFO EFTQJUF B SFMBUJWFMZ MPX SBUF PG SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT and the successful implementation of a comprehensive approach to the QSPCMFN *O 4XFEFO SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT BSF SFTQPOTJCMF GPS PG EFBUIT PG DIJMESFO BHFE CFUXFFO BOE $ . 4JNJMBSMZ UIF SPBE USBOTQPSU TZTUFN JO 4XFEFO JT SFTQPOTJCMF GPS NBOZ NPSF EFBUIT o OPUBCMZ PG DIJMESFO BOE ZPVOH BEVMUT o UIBO PUIFS GPSNT PG USBOTQPSU TVDI BT BWJBUJPO PS SBJM USBWFM 5IVT FWFO DPVOUSJFT XIJDI BQQFBS UP CF QFSGPSNJOH XFMM BU UIF HMPCBM MFWFM IBWF B MPOH XBZ UP HP UP BDIJFWF B USVMZ TBGF SPBE transport system.
Nearly half of those dying on the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roads are vulnerable road users *O NPTU MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF countries the majority of road users are WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST o QFEFTUSJBOT DZDMJTUT BOE UIPTF VTJOH NPUPSJ[FE UXP PS UISFF XIFFMFST 5IFTF HSPVQT PG SPBE users do not have a protective â&#x20AC;&#x153;shellâ&#x20AC;? around them and are therefore more at
14
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SJTL UIBO UIPTF JO WFIJDMFT 1VCMJD USBOTQPSU VTFST NBZ BMTP CF WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFSF QVCMJD USBOTQPSU WFIJDMFT BSF VOTBGF PWFSDSPXEFE PS VOSFHVMBUFE TFF #PY Vulnerable road users are at additional SJTL XIFSF UIFJS OFFET IBWF OPU CFFO UBLFO into consideration during the planning of land use or road construction. In many countries roads are planned and built to BMMPX NPUPS WFIJDMFT UP USBWFM GBTUFS XIJMF insufďŹ cient thought is given to the needs PG QFEFTUSJBOT BOE DZDMJTUT XIJDI NFBOT that these vulnerable road users face JODSFBTJOH SJTLT JO VTJOH BOE DSPTTJOH UIF roads % & . 5IJT HMPCBM TVSWFZ TIPXT UIBU QFEFTUSJBOT DZDMJTUT BOE SJEFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXP XIFFMFST BOE UIFJS QBTTFOHFST BDDPVOU GPS BSPVOE PG HMPCBM SPBE USBGmD deaths. 1 7VMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST NBLF up the highest reported proportion of UPUBM EFBUIT JO UIF 4PVUI &BTU "TJB BOE 8FTUFSO 1BDJmD SFHJPOT 'JHVSF 8JUIJO regions the proportion of deaths among 1 If users of unsafe public transport are included as vulnerable road users then this ďŹ gure of 46% is likely to be an underestimate: in this survey data on public transport fatalities was not collected separately from data related to other four-wheeled vehicles.
Box 1: Unsafe public transportation 0WFSDSPXEFE BOE VOTBGF NPEFT PG QVCMJD USBOTQPSU DPOUSJCVUF UP SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT BOE EFBUIT QBSUJDVMBSMZ JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT $IPJDF PG USBOTQPSU NPEFT JT GSFRVFOUMZ SFMBUFE UP TPDJPFDPOPNJD TUBUVT XJUI UIPTF XIP DBO BGGPSE JU BWPJEJOH UIFTF VOSFHVMBUFE BOE VOTBGF WFIJDMFT " TUVEZ JO ,FOZB GPVOE UIBU CVTFT BOE matatusa BSF UIF WFIJDMFT NPTU GSFRVFOUMZ JOWPMWFE JO GBUBM DSBTIFT BOE UIBU QBTTFOHFST JO UIFTF WFIJDMFT BDDPVOU GPS PG UIF UPUBM SPBE EFBUIT ' 5IJT NBZ CF FYQMBJOFE JO QBSU CZ EFSFHVMBUJPO JO UIF QVCMJD USBOTQPSU NBSLFU XJUIPVU DPODVSSFOU SFHVMBUJPOT PO TBGFUZ NFBTVSFT *O 4SJ -BOLB GPS FYBNQMF QVCMJD USBOTQPSU CVTFT BSF FJUIFS PXOFE CZ UIF HPWFSONFOU PS QSJWBUFMZ PXOFE XJUI TUVEJFT TIPXJOH BO JODSFBTFE SJTL BTTPDJBUFE XJUI USBWFM PO QSJWBUFMZ PXOFE CVTFT (PWFSONFOU CVTFT BSF NBJOUBJOFE CZ UIF .JOJTUSZ PG 5SBOTQPSU BOE SFHVMBUFE UP FOTVSF TBGFUZ XIJMF SFHVMBUJPOT BSF NVDI MFTT TUSJOHFOU GPS QSJWBUF PXOFST SVOOJOH QBSBMMFM QVCMJD CVT TFSWJDFT 'PS JOTUBODF UIFSF are almost no restrictions on driver eligibility or on the maintenance of privately operated public transportation vehicles .
a
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8IJMF MJCFSBMJ[BUJPO PG UIF QVCMJD USBOTQPSU NBSLFU DBO JODSFBTF UIF TVQQMZ PG WFIJDMFT QSPUFDUJPO PG QVCMJD TBGFUZ OFFET UP CF BO FTTFOUJBM GFBUVSF PG UIJT NBSLFU .BYJNJ[BUJPO PG QSPmUT NVTU OPU CF BMMPXFE UP MFBE UP B reduction in safety standards. Matatus are small-scale public transport service vehicles in Kenya.
Figure 5. Reported deaths by type of road user (%), by WHO region and income groupa AFRICAN REGION
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
LIC MIC MIC HIC LIC MIC LIC MIC HIC
EUROPEAN REGION
LIC MIC HIC
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
LIC MIC HIC 0%
20% Vulnerable road users
40%
60%
Occupants of four-wheeled motorized vehicles
80%
100% Others
a
See Table A.2 in Statistical Annex for information on WHO regions and income level classiямБcations. HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
PHOTO TOP Poor
infrastructure and MBDL PG QBWFNFOUT BOE MJHIUJOH BSF BNPOH UIF SFBTPOT XIZ pedestrians have to share the SPBET XJUI DBST CVTFT UBYJT BOE other modes of transportation.
PHOTO BOTTOM Police enforcement and automatic speed enforcement are highly effective measures used to enforce speed limits.
vulnerable road users varies considerably. Results of this survey suggest that as *O UIF 4PVUI &BTU "TJB 3FHJPO GPS motorization increases globally many JOTUBODF WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST BSF countries are not giving sufficient SFQPSUFE UP BDDPVOU GPS PWFS PG UIPTF attention to the needs of vulnerable LJMMFE PO UIF SPBET JO 5IBJMBOE XIJMF JO groups of road users in their transport OFJHICPVSJOH .ZBONBS UIF mHVSF JT policies. Many of the proven interventions *O $PMPNCJB (VBUFNBMB BOE 1FSV PWFS being implemented globally â&#x2C6;&#x2019; such as PG GBUBMJUJFT BSF BNPOH WVMOFSBCMF VTF PG TFBU CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT SPBE VTFST XIJMF JO PUIFS DPVOUSJFT PG UIF WFIJDMF TUBOEBSET BOE DSBTI UFTUT o BSF SFHJPO o TVDI BT UIF %PNJOJDBO 3FQVCMJD relevant to car occupants. More research )POEVSBT PS UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT o UIF is needed on interventions that address QSPQPSUJPO JT DPOTJEFSBCMZ MPXFS BU MFTT WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST XIJMF MBOE VTF planning and road design should also UIBO UBLF UIF OFFET PG UIFTF SPBE VTFST JOUP consideration.
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3FEVDJOH TQFFE XJMM IBWF BO JNQBDU PO both vehicle occupants and vulnerable SPBE VTFST 4FUUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH appropriate speed limits is essential. 5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU POMZ PG countries rate their speed enforcement BT NPSF UIBO PO B TDBMF PG UP TFF QBHF
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
3FEVDJOH FYQPTVSF UP UIF SJTL PG JOKVSZ PS death on the road can also be achieved by reducing the total amount of motorized SPBE USBOTQPSU 5IJT JO UVSO SFRVJSFT considerable investment in infrastructure UIBU BMMPXT QFEFTUSJBOT BOE DZDMJTUT UP XBML BOE DZDMF TBGFMZ TFF #PY Reducing the volume of trafďŹ c on roads being used by vulnerable road users can BMTP SFEVDF FYQPTVSF UP UIF SJTL PG B DSBTI PDDVSSJOH QSPWJEFE UIBU MPX TQFFET DBO CF NBJOUBJOFE 1PMJDZ NBLFST OFFE UP BEESFTT UIF BCJMJUZ PG SPBE VTFST UP XBML BOE DZDMF TBGFMZ FOTVSF UIF BWBJMBCJMJUZ PG BGGPSEBCMF BOE TBGF QVCMJD USBOTQPSU BOE TFFL XBZT UP SFEVDF EFQFOEFODZ on the use of private cars. This survey GPVOE UIBU POMZ POF UIJSE PG UIF XPSME T DPVOUSJFT IBWF OBUJPOBM PS MPDBM QPMJDJFT UIBU QSPNPUF XBMLJOH and cycling as an alternative to motorized transport. 'PSUZ GPVS QFS DFOU PG DPVOUSJFT EP OPU IBWF QPMJDJFT FJUIFS OBUJPOBM PS MPDBM
Box 2: Land use and transport planning 1SJPSJUJ[JOH UIF OFFET PG WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST JODMVEFT SFDPHOJ[JOH UIF JNQPSUBODF PG UIF CVJMU FOWJSPONFOU XIFO NBLJOH QPMJUJDBM BOE QMBOOJOH EFDJTJPOT 4PNF PG UIF TPMVUJPOT MJF JO BQQSPQSJBUF NPEJmDBUJPOT UP UIF QIZTJDBM SPBE FOWJSPONFOU BOE TFUUJOH VQ B TVQQPSUJWF QPMJDZ GSBNFXPSL SBUIFS UIBO GPDVTJOH POMZ PO IVNBO CFIBWJPVS BT UIF QSJNBSZ DBVTF PG SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT 5IF FYBNQMFT QSFTFOUFE CFMPX TIPX FGGPSUT JO GPVS TFUUJOHT UP JODPSQPSBUF UIF needs of vulnerable road users in planning for land use and transport.
Swedenâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s model of road safety is GSFRVFOUMZ DJUFE BT HPPE QSBDUJDF The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Vision Zeroâ&#x20AC;? road safety QPMJDZ BEPQUFE JO UIF MBUF T JT based on an understanding that the environment needs to be modiďŹ ed UP UBLF BDDPVOU PG IVNBOT MBDL PG tolerance to mechanical forces and
UIF IVNBO UFOEFODZ UP NBLF FSSPST 4XFEFO T TVTUBJOBCMF SPBE TUSBUFHZ thus aims to modify the environment XIJMF QSPUFDUJOH SPBE VTFST GSPN VOBDDFQUBCMF MFWFMT PG SJTL "T XFMM as building bicycle and pedestrian MBOFT UVOOFMT BOE DBS GSFF QMBZ BSFBT PUIFS FOWJSPONFOUBM TPMVUJPOT are being implemented to separate and protect these road users. Where SPBE VTFST DBOOPU CF TFQBSBUFE UIF TUSBUFHZ BDLOPXMFEHFT UIF OFFE UP give pedestrian safety priority over DBS USBGmD o QBSUJDVMBSMZ CZ SFEVDJOH speed.
Delhi *OEJB IBT SFDFOUMZ DPNQMFUFE UIF mSTU QIBTF PG B DPSSJEPS XJUI TFHSFHBUFE QFEFTUSJBO CJDZDMF BOE bus lanes on a major arterial road of the city. The pedestrian lane has CFFO EFTJHOFE XJUI EVF DPODFSO GPS UIF OFFET PG UIF FMEFSMZ DIJMESFO BOE QIZTJDBMMZ DIBMMFOHFE QFSTPOT 4JODF TUSFFU WFOEPST BSF BO JOUFHSBM QBSU PG VSCBO TUSFFUT JO %FMIJ TQFDJBM consideration has been given to QSPWJEJOH TQBDF GPS UIFN XJUIPVU EJTUVSCJOH UIF nPX PG CJDZDMFT BOE
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Bogotaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s high-capacity bus system.
AeSRWaV @]OR /R[W\Wab`ObW]\
Cable barriers are used in a number of high-income countries and have been shown to be cost effective at reducing head-on collisions on highways.
QFEFTUSJBOT *O UIF mSTU NPOUIT PG PQFSBUJPO UIFSF XFSF OP DBS motorcycle or bicycle fatalities in the corridor .
Lagos /JHFSJB JT UIF TJYUI MBSHFTU DJUZ JO UIF XPSME XJUI B QPQVMBUJPO PG NJMMJPO QFPQMF 'PS ZFBST UIF DJUZ IBT HSPXO SBQJEMZ BOE TUSVHHMFE XJUIPVU SFMJBCMF QVCMJD transportation. The public transport system largely consists of minibuses BOE UBYJ NPUPSDZDMFT NBOZ PG XIJDI BSF OPU SPBEXPSUIZ BOE DPOUSJCVUF substantially to pollution and road USBGmD DSBTIFT *O UIF TUBUF government created an agency DBMMFE UIF -BHPT .FUSPQPMJUBO 5SBOTQPSU "VUIPSJUZ -"."5" XJUI the mission to â&#x20AC;&#x153;transform the state transport system by facilitating BO FOBCMJOH FOWJSPONFOUw 0OF JOJUJBUJWF PG -"."5" BOE UIF TUBUF HPWFSONFOU XBT UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG B CVT SBQJE USBOTJU TZTUFN XIJDI XBT completed and launched in March 5IJT TZTUFN QSPWJEFT -BHPT DPNNVUFST XJUI B DMFBO BGGPSEBCMF reliable and safe means of getting around the city ! " . Designed spaces for street vendors in Delhi, India, are part of a new initiative that gives road space to different groups of vulnerable road users.
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Bogota UIF DBQJUBM PG $PMPNCJB implemented land use and transport measures intended to meet the OFFET PG UIF DJUZ T OPO NPUPSJ[FE road users and to improve public USBOTQPSU JO UIF QFSJPE o 5IF NFBTVSFT JODMVEFE CVJMEJOH TQFDJmD DZDMJOH BOE QFEFTUSJBO POMZ SPVUFT JODMVEJOH B DBS GSFF SPVUF excluding cars from the city centre BU QFBL UJNFT JO UIF NPSOJOH BOE BGUFSOPPO EFWFMPQJOH B IJHI capacity bus system at a cost of 64 NJMMJPO UIBU DBSSJFT BCPVU QFPQMF B EBZ 5IFTF measures contributed to reducing the number of road trafďŹ c fatalities GSPN JO UP JO They also improved access to jobs and created a more liveable urban environment " % .
17
0OMZ PG countries report their enforcement of speed limits as over 7 on a scale PG UP
that encourage public transport as an BMUFSOBUJWF UP DBS USBOTQPSU SFnFDUJOH B similar neglect in meeting the needs of OPO NPUPSJ[FE SPBE VTFST TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 5IFTF mHVSFT BSF perhaps surprising given that decreased dependency on the use of private cars can have other positive impacts such as JNQSPWFE SFTQJSBUPSZ IFBMUI BT B SFTVMU PG MFTT USBOTQPSU SFMBUFE BJS QPMMVUJPO BOE SFEVDFE MFWFMT PG PCFTJUZ BT B SFTVMU PG NPSF QIZTJDBM BDUJWJUZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI XBMLJOH BOE DZDMJOH
Few countries have comprehensive road safety laws that are well enforced
Speed What is known? t An increase in average speed is EJSFDUMZ SFMBUFE CPUI UP UIF MJLFMJIPPE of a crash occurring and to the TFWFSJUZ PG UIF DSBTI DPOTFRVFODFT # $ . t " JODSFBTF JO BWFSBHF TQFFE MFBET UP BO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ JODSFBTF JO DSBTIFT UIBU DBVTF JOKVSJFT BOE B JODSFBTF JO GBUBM DSBTIFT % . t 1FEFTUSJBOT IBWF B DIBODF PG TVSWJWJOH B DBS DSBTI BU LN I PS CFMPX CVU MFTT UIBO B DIBODF PG TVSWJWJOH JNQBDUT PG LN I PS above % & . t 4BGF TQFFE UISFTIPMET WBSZ BDDPSEJOH UP EJGGFSFOU UZQFT PG SPBE EJGGFSFOU types of collision and different SPBE VTFST XJUI UIFJS JOIFSFOU WVMOFSBCJMJUJFT &GGFDUJWF TQFFE NBOBHFNFOU OFFET UP UBLF UIFTF BOE other variables into account % . t ;POFT PG LN I DBO SFEVDF DSBTI SJTL BOE JOKVSZ TFWFSJUZ BOE BSF SFDPNNFOEFE JO BSFBT XIFSF vulnerable road users are particularly BU SJTL % ' . t Apart from reducing road traffic JOKVSJFT BOE EFBUIT MPXFSJOH UIF average trafďŹ c speed can have other positive effects on health outcomes F H CZ SFEVDJOH SFTQJSBUPSZ QSPCMFNT BTTPDJBUFE XJUI DBS FNJTTJPOT %
&OBDUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH MFHJTMBUJPO PO B OVNCFS PG SJTL GBDUPST GPS SPBE traffic injuries and deaths is critical JO JOnVFODJOH FYQPTVSF UP SJTL DSBTI PDDVSSFODF JOKVSZ TFWFSJUZ BOE QPTU crash injury outcomes. Comprehensive BOE DMFBS MFHJTMBUJPO FOGPSDFE XJUI appropriate penalties and accompanied CZ QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT IBT CFFO TIPXO UP CF B DSJUJDBM GBDUPS JO reducing road trafďŹ c injuries and deaths BTTPDJBUFE XJUI TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE UIF OPO VTF PG PDDVQBOU QSPUFDUJPO NFBTVSFT IFMNFUT TFBU CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT 5IF SFTVMUT PG UIF HMPCBM survey suggest that the legislation on UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST JT OPU DPNQSFIFOTJWF What this survey found JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT BOE FOGPSDFNFOU JT Research on effective speed management PGUFO MBDLJOH 4JNJMBSMZ NBOZ DPVOUSJFT indicates that the speed limits on urban MBDL UIF JOTUJUVUJPOBM NFDIBOJTNT SPBET TIPVME OPU FYDFFE LN I BOE SFTPVSDFT UIBU XPVME BMMPX UIFN While there remains a fairly high fatality to implement planned activities in SJTL BU UIJT TQFFE PS FWFO MPXFS GPS B DPPSEJOBUFE GBTIJPO o JODMVEJOH QFEFTUSJBOT DZDMJTUT BOE PUIFS WVMOFSBCMF BEPQUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH MBXT Ă&#x2019; XIJDI SPBE VTFST NBOZ DPVOUSJFT XJUI HPPE may result in a â&#x20AC;&#x153;piecemealâ&#x20AC;? approach road safety records have adopted this to road safety efforts that is seen in many SFDPNNFOEBUJPO XIJMF BMTP HJWJOH DPVOUSJFT TFF #PY QSPWJODJBM PS MPDBM EFDJTJPO NBLFST UIF authority to reduce these national speed MJNJUT *O UIJT XBZ USBGmD DBMNJOH NFBTVSFT
18
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Box 3: A coordinated approach to road safety The World report on road trafямБc injury prevention EFWFMPQFE CZ 8)0 BOE UIF 8PSME #BOL SFDPNNFOET UIBU DPVOUSJFT JEFOUJGZ BO BHFODZ XJUI UIF BVUIPSJUZ BOE SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UP NBLF EFDJTJPOT BOE DPPSEJOBUF SPBE TBGFUZ BDUJWJUJFT BDSPTT NVMUJQMF TFDUPST BOE XJUI BEFRVBUF mOBODFT GPS SPBE TBGFUZ BDUJWJUJFT 5IF World report also recommends that each country should prepare a multisectoral national road safety TUSBUFHZ XJUI UBSHFUT GPS UIF BDIJFWFNFOU PG TQFDJmD PVUDPNFT BOE XJUI SFTPVSDFT allocated to ensure implementation of relevant activities. "MUIPVHI DPVOUSJFT SFQPSU IBWJOH B MFBE BHFODZ GPS SPBE TBGFUZ UIJT TVSWFZ XBT VOBCMF UP PCUBJO JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF QSFDJTF SPMF PS FGGFDUJWFOFTT PG UIFTF BHFODJFT JO GVMmMMJOH UIF GVODUJPOT SFRVJSFE TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY *OEFFE JO UIF RVBMJUBUJWF DPNNFOUT PG UIF TVSWFZ SFTQPOEFOUT IJHIMJHIUFE UIF DPOTJEFSBCMF difямБculty that they had during the consensus meetings in identifying the lead agency for road safety in their country.
0OMZ PG countries have urban speed limits PG LN I PS CFMPX BOE BMMPX MPDBM authorities to reduce them further.
>V]b] ┬Х >/6=
5IF HMPCBM TVSWFZ BMTP GPVOE UIBU XIJMF O PG DPVOUSJFT SFQPSU IBWJOH B OBUJPOBM TUSBUFHZ PO SPBE TBGFUZ POMZ DPVOUSJFT PG UIF UPUBM IBWF HPWFSONFOU FOEPSTFNFOU PG UIJT TUSBUFHZ TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 'VSUIFSNPSF POMZ O PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF HPWFSONFOU FOEPSTFNFOU PG B TUSBUFHZ UIBU IBT CPUI QSFDJTF UBSHFUT BOE FBSNBSLFE GVOEJOH 5IFTF SFTVMUT TVHHFTU UIBU UIF IJHI QPTJUJWF SFTQPOTFT PCUBJOFE PO MFBE BHFODJFT BOE OBUJPOBM TUSBUFHJFT NBZ CFMJF XFBLFS JOTUJUVUJPOBM GSBNFXPSLT XJUI JOTVGmDJFOU mOBODJBM SFTPVSDFT UP TVQQPSU FJUIFS UIF FGGFDUJWF GVODUJPOJOH PG UIFTF BHFODJFT PS UIF JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG UIFJS BDUJWJUJFT
The results suggest that urban speed management is poor in many countries. 8IJMF PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF TQFFE MJNJUT >90 km/h (2%) PO VSCBO SPBET PG MFTT UIBO PS FRVBM UP LN I UIFTF DPVOUSJFT BDDPVOU GPS IBMG PG UIF XPSME T QPQVMBUJPO +VTU PWFS IBMG PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT BMMPX local authorities to reduce national speed <50 km/h (62%) MJNJUT TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 5IF HMPCBM TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU POMZ of participating countries meet both UIFTF DPOEJUJPOT o J F UIFZ IBWF TQFFE MJNJUT PG LN I PS CFMPX PO VSCBO SPBET BOE UIFZ BMMPX MPDBM BVUIPSJUJFT UP reduce the national speed limits. Figure TIPXT UIF QSPQPSUJPO PG DPVOUSJFT XJUI EJGGFSFOU TQFFE MJNJU SBOHFT TVHHFTUJOH that in most countries additional efforts UIBU IBWF CFFO TIPXO UP CF WFSZ FGGFDUJWF BU to reduce urban speed limits are still reducing road trafďŹ c injuries can be made needed. and implemented at the subnational level BT OFFEFE o GPS FYBNQMF JO SFTJEFOUJBM 'VSUIFSNPSF UIF SFTVMUT PG UIF HMPCBM BSFBT PS OFBS TDIPPMT *O UIF BOBMZTJT PG TVSWFZ TIPX UIBU POMZ PG DPVOUSJFT SBUF the results of this survey the criteria used the enforcement of their national speed for assessing urban speed management MJNJUT BU NPSF UIBO PO B TDBMF PG UP TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 5IJT XFSF UIFSFGPSF t speed limits on urban roads are set TVHHFTUT UIBU FWFO JO DPVOUSJFT XIFSF TQFFE MJNJUT NBZ CF NPSF SFTUSJDUJWF BU MFTT UIBO PS FRVBM UP LN I t MPDBM BVUIPSJUJFT BSF BCMF UP MPXFS FOGPSDFNFOU JT GSFRVFOUMZ MBDLJOH UIFTF TQFFE MJNJUT XIFSF OFDFTTBSZ
Figure 6. Proportion of countries by urban speed limit range in 174 countries
71â&#x20AC;&#x201C;90 km/h (6%)
51â&#x20AC;&#x201C;70 km/h (29%)
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Countries need to set speed limits that reďŹ&#x201A;ect the function of individual roads. In doing so, they should consider the types of vehicles using the road, the nature and purpose of the road, roadside activities, provision of facilities for vulnerable road users, and the frequency of use by pedestrians and cyclists. Increased priority should be given to vulnerable road users, notably in urban areas, where speed limits should not exceed 50 km/h. 4 Local authorities need to be given the authority, resources and political support to implement measures to reduce speed limits to levels that may be lower than national limits where vulnerable road users are particularly at risk. 4 Programmes put into place to address speeding need to foster a public awareness and understanding of the effects of speeding and the reasons for enforcing speed limits.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Drinking and driving What is known?
ESJOLoESJWJOH )PXFWFS POMZ DPVOUSJFT IBWF B ESJOLoESJWJOH MBX UIBU VTFT B #"$ MJNJU PG MFTT UIBO PS FRVBM UP H EM BT SFDPNNFOEFE JO UIF World report TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 8IJMF NPTU DPVOUSJFT JO UIF &VSPQFBO SFHJPO IBWF #"$ MBXT JO MJOF XJUI UIJT SFDPNNFOEBUJPO JO PUIFS SFHJPOT PG UIF XPSME NPTU DPVOUSJFT FJUIFS do not have BAC limits or have limits that BSF BCPWF H EM TFF 'JHVSF
t %SJOLJOH BOE ESJWJOH JODSFBTFT CPUI UIF SJTL PG B DSBTI BOE UIF MJLFMJIPPE UIBU EFBUI PS B TFSJPVT JOKVSZ XJMM result " . t 5IF SJTL PG JOWPMWFNFOU JO B DSBTI increases signiямБcantly above a blood BMDPIPM DPODFOUSBUJPO #"$ PG H EM ! ! . t -BXT XIJDI FTUBCMJTI MPXFS #"$T CFUXFFO [FSP BOE H EM GPS ZPVOH OPWJDF ESJWFST DBO MFBE UP :PVOH PS OPWJDF ESJWFST BSF BU B NVDI SFEVDUJPOT PG CFUXFFO BOE JODSFBTFE SJTL PG IBWJOH B SPBE USBGmD in the number of crashes involving DSBTI XIFO VOEFS UIF JOGMVFODF PG BMDPIPM $POTFRVFOUMZ UIF World report young people ! . t &OGPSDJOH TPCSJFUZ DIFDLQPJOUT BOE advised that BAC limits for this group SBOEPN CSFBUI UFTUJOH DBO MFBE UP CF TFU MPXFS UIBO MJNJUT GPS UIF HFOFSBM SFEVDUJPOT JO BMDPIPM SFMBUFE DSBTIFT QPQVMBUJPO 0OMZ PG UIF DPVOUSJFT PG BCPVU BOE IBT CFFO TIPXO XIJDI IBWF #"$ MJNJUT GPS UIF HFOFSBM QPQVMBUJPO IBWF TUJQVMBUFE MPXFS #"$ UP CF WFSZ DPTU FGGFDUJWF !! !" . MJNJUT GPS UIFTF ZPVOH BOE OPWJDF ESJWFST and most of these countries are in the What this survey found /JOFUZ TJY QFS DFOU O PG &VSPQFBO 3FHJPO participating countries report having FJUIFS OBUJPOBM PS TVCOBUJPOBM MBXT PO
Figure 7. Blood alcohol concentration limits (g/dl) by country/area
b 0.05 > 0.05 Laws at subnational level No limit stipulated No law No data
21
Alcometers are part of the Mexican HPWFSONFOU T QSPHSBNNF UP SFEVDF ESJOLoESJWJOH
CENTRE )FMNFUT BSF FGGFDUJWF BU SFEVDJOH UIF SJTL PG IFBE injuries but do not prevent a crash from occurring. 4FQBSBUJOH NPUPSDZDMJTUT GSPN PUIFS NPUPSJ[FE WFIJDMFT JT POF XBZ UP SFEVDF UIF MJLFMJIPPE PG DSBTIFT involving motorcyclists from occurring.
*O 7JFU /BN XIFSF DIJMESFO GSFRVFOUMZ SJEF NPUPSDZDMFT UP BOE GSPN TDIPPM B NBOEBUPSZ IFMNFU XFBSJOH MBX JT BDDPNQBOJFE CZ QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT campaigns and extensive helmet distribution.
RIGHT
-FTT UIBO IBMG PG DPVOUSJFT XPSMEXJEF IBWF ESJOLoESJWJOH MBXT CBTFE PO B CMPPE alcohol concentration MJNJU UIBU JT FRVBM UP PS MFTT UIBO H EM
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PHOTO LEFT
3BOEPN CSFBUI UFTUJOH BOE QPMJDF Use of motorcycle helmets DIFDLQPJOUT BSF JNQPSUBOU FOGPSDFNFOU What is known? NFDIBOJTNT UIBU IBWF CFFO TIPXO t Wearing a motorcycle helmet UP SFEVDF BMDPIPM SFMBUFE DSBTIFT DPSSFDUMZ DBO SFEVDF UIF SJTL PG EFBUI 4FWFOUZ OJOF QFS DFOU PG DPVOUSJFT CZ BMNPTU BOE UIF SJTL PG TFWFSF report that they use one or both of these JOKVSZ CZ PWFS !# . NFUIPET PG FOGPSDFNFOU )PXFWFS POMZ t 8IFO NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU MBXT BSF DPVOUSJFT SFQPSU BO FOGPSDFNFOU FOGPSDFE FGGFDUJWFMZ IFMNFU XFBSJOH SBUJOH PG PWFS PO B TDBMF PG UP SBUFT DBO JODSFBTF UP PWFS TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 5IJT !$ !% . SFQSFTFOUT PG IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT t The effectiveness of motorcycle PG NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT BOE helmets in reducing head injuries KVTU PG MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT 5BLFO JT JO QBSU B SFTVMU PG UIF RVBMJUZ PG UPHFUIFS UIFTF mOEJOHT TIPX UIBU POMZ UIF IFMNFUT 3FRVJSJOH IFMNFUT UP PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT DPWFSJOH meet a recognized safety standard PG UIF XPSME T QPQVMBUJPO IBWF CPUI is important to ensure that helmets BEFRVBUF ESJOLoESJWJOH MBXT BT EFmOFE can effectively reduce the impact of CZ B #"$ MJNJU PG MFTT UIBO PS FRVBM UP a collision to the head in the event H EM BOE FOGPSDFNFOU SBUJOHT PG of a crash !& . over 7.
What this survey found WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 All countries should have a drinkâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;driving law and should strictly enforce it. 4 Drinkâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;driving laws should be based on blood alcohol concentration, or the equivalent breath alcohol content limits, which should be 0.05 g/dl or below. 4 All countries should set limits of 0.02 g/dl or below for young/novice drivers.
22
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
0WFS O PG DPVOUSJFT participating in this global survey IBWF MBXT TFU BU FJUIFS UIF OBUJPOBM PS TVCOBUJPOBM MFWFM UIBU SFRVJSF IFMNFUT UP CF XPSO CZ VTFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXP XIFFMFST )PXFWFS MFHJTMBUJPO JT incomplete in many of these countries. 'PS JOTUBODF TPNF DPVOUSJFT NBLF FYDFQUJPOT GPS NPUPSDZDMJTUT VTJOH MPX
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QPXFSFE FOHJOFT XIJMF PUIFS DPVOUSJFT FYFNQU BMM QBTTFOHFST PS QFSTPOT XJUI religious headgear. This survey found UIBU PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT IBWF IFMNFU MBXT UIBU BSF DPNQSFIFOTJWF JO TDPQF J F UIBU SFRVJSF CPUI ESJWFST BOE QBTTFOHFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXP XIFFMFST UP XFBS IFMNFUT PO BMM SPBET BOE SFHBSEMFTT of engine type1 TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM
"OOFY 'VSUIFSNPSF UIF SFTVMUT TIPX UIBU IFMNFU TUBOEBSET BSF MBDLJOH JO B IJHI QSPQPSUJPO O PG DPVOUSJFT UIVT DBMMJOH JOUP RVFTUJPO UIF BCJMJUZ PG B MBX PO IFMNFU XFBSJOH UP BDIJFWF JUT QVSQPTF 5BLFO UPHFUIFS UIFTF mOEJOHT NFBO UIBU POMZ O PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF DPNQSFIFOTJWF IFMNFU MBXT and SFRVJSF IFMNFUT UP NFFU B TQFDJGJD TUBOEBSE TFF 'JHVSF
0OMZ PG DPVOUSJFT have a comprehensive IFMNFU MBX BOE SFRVJSF helmets to meet a speciďŹ c standard.
1 Some of these have exceptions, such as exempting those for medical reasons or for religious reasons.
Figure 8. Motorcycle helmet laws and helmet standards by country/area
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Has a law and standard Has a law but no/unknown standards Laws at subnational level No law No data
&WFO XIFSF DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT BSF JO QMBDF FOGPSDFNFOU JT MPX JO NPTU DPVOUSJFT 0OMZ O PG DPVOUSJFT SBUF UIFJS FOGPSDFNFOU PG IFMNFU VTF MBXT BT IJHIFS UIBO PO B TDBMF PG UP TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 'JOBMMZ UIF JNQBDU PG IFMNFU MBXT UIBU are in place is also difямБcult to ascertain JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT 0OMZ PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF EBUB PO IFMNFU XFBSJOH SBUFT BOE both the reliability and the generalizability PG UIF SFTVMUT WBSZ DPOTJEFSBCMZ TFF QBHF
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 All countries should have mandatory laws on helmet use on motorized two- and three-wheelers. 4 These laws should cover all riders who are legally allowed to ride on motorized twoor three-wheelers, all engine types and all road types. 4 Countries need to enact laws requiring helmets to meet a national or international standard. 4 Countries need to establish systems to collect data on rates of helmet-wearing.
Seat-belt use What is known? t 8FBSJOH B TFBU CFMU SFEVDFT UIF SJTL PG B GBUBMJUZ BNPOH GSPOU TFBU QBTTFOHFST CZ o !'o" . t 4UVEJFT TVHHFTU UIBU TFBU CFMUT DBO SFEVDF GBUBMJUJFT BNPOH SFBS TFBU DBS PDDVQBOUT CZ o !' " t .BOEBUPSZ TFBU CFMU MBXT UIFJS FOGPSDFNFOU BOE BQQSPQSJBUF QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT IBWF CFFO TIPXO UP CF WFSZ FGGFDUJWF JO JODSFBTJOH SBUFT PG TFBU CFMU XFBSJOH " !' "! .
What this survey found 8IJMF TFBU CFMU MBXT BSF XJEFTQSFBE o XJUI O PG DPVOUSJFT QBSUJDJQBUJOH in the global survey reporting national or TVCOBUJPOBM MBXT o JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT UIF MBX EPFT OPU BQQMZ UP BMM DBS PDDVQBOUT J F UP GSPOU BOE SFBS TFBU PDDVQBOUT 0OMZ O PG DPVOUSJFT SFRVJSF BMM DBS PDDVQBOUT UP XFBS TFBU CFMUT BOE UIJT mHVSF JT NVDI IJHIFS JO IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT UIBO JO NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT PS MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY
0OMZ PG MPX income countries and PG NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT SFRVJSF TFBU belts to be used in cars
SFBS TFBU QBTTFOHFST
24
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
>V]b] ┬Х <17>1 121
CZ CPUI GSPOU TFBU BOE
5XFMWF QFS DFOU O PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF OP TFBU CFMU MBX BU BMM TFF 'JHVSF &OGPSDFNFOU PG TFBU CFMU MBXT JT XFBL JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT 0OMZ O PG DPVOUSJFT SBUF FOGPSDFNFOU PG UIFJS TFBU CFMU MBXT BCPWF PO B TDBMF PG UP 0OMZ PG DPVOUSJFT O IBWF B TFBU CFMU MBX UIBU BQQMJFT UP BMM PDDVQBOUT and an enforcement rating of greater UIBO PO B TDBMF PG UP TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY The ability to ascertain the effectiveness PG UIFTF MBXT JT EJGmDVMU JG SFMFWBOU EBUB BSF OPU BWBJMBCMF JO UIJT TVSWFZ PWFS of countries reported having no data PO SBUFT PG TFBU CFMU VTF JO GSPOU TFBUT BOE SFQPSUFE OP EBUB PO SBUFT PG XFBSJOH SFBS TFBU CFMUT 4FBU CFMU MBXT DBOOPU CF FGGFDUJWF JG MBSHF OVNCFST PG DBST BSF OPU mUUFE XJUI TFBU CFMUT BT JT UIF DBTF JO NBOZ MPX income countries. Although the survey
EJE OPU DPMMFDU JOGPSNBUJPO PO TFBU CFMU SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS JNQPSUFE DBST EBUB GSPN UIF TVSWFZ TIPX UIBU PG UIF countries that manufacture or assemble DBST PWFS POF RVBSUFS EP OPU SFRVJSF TFBU CFMUT UP CF mUUFE JO CPUI GSPOU and rear seats. WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Vehicle manufacturers and assemblers should be required to ďŹ t seat-belts in both front and rear seats of all vehicles, irrespective of the end market. 4 Seat-belt laws must be improved to cover all occupants. 4 Enforcement efforts must be strengthened in many countries and must be equally applied to the occupants of both front and rear-seats in cars. 4 Countries need to establish systems to collect data on rates of seat-belt use. 4 Enforcement efforts must be backed by intensive mass-media education programmes that highlight the risk of injury when not wearing a seat-belt and increase the perceived likelihood of being detected and penalized.
Figure 9. Seat-belt laws by country/area
National law applies to all car occupants Law at subnational level No law or law does not apply to all car occupants No data
Use of child restraints What is known? t $IJMESFO XIP BSF VOSFTUSBJOFE JO B DBS BSF BU JODSFBTFE SJTL PG JOKVSZ and death in the event of a collision. "QQSPQSJBUF DIJME SFTUSBJOU TZTUFNT XIJDI JODMVEF DIJME TFBUT GPS JOGBOUT BOE CPPTUFS TFBUT GPS PMEFS DIJMESFO BSF EFTJHOFE XJUI UIF DIJME T developmental stage in mind. They XPSL UP TFDVSF UIF DIJME JO B XBZ UIBU reduces the chance of a severe injury occurring. t *G DPSSFDUMZ JOTUBMMFE BOE VTFE DIJME restraints reduce deaths among JOGBOUT CZ BQQSPYJNBUFMZ BOE EFBUIT PG TNBMM DIJMESFO CZ CFUXFFO BOE !' "" . t .BOEBUPSZ DIJME SFTUSBJOU MBXT BOE their enforcement lead to an increase in the use of child restraints " "" .
DIJME SFTUSBJOUT TFF 'JHVSF )PXFWFS this ямБgure hides considerable variation CZ SFHJPO BOE JODPNF TUBUVT TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY .PSF UIBO PG IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF OBUJPOBM MFHJTMBUJPO PO DIJME SFTUSBJOUT XIJMF UIF QSPQPSUJPO JO MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT JT POMZ
&WFO XIFSF MFHJTMBUJPO JT JO QMBDF the results of the survey suggest that FOGPSDFNFOU PG DIJME SFTUSBJOU MBXT JT WFSZ MPX JO NPTU DPVOUSJFT POMZ PG UIPTF DPVOUSJFT XJUI OBUJPOBM MFHJTMBUJPO on the use of child restraints report enforcement as being above 7 on a TDBMF PG UP 5IJT NFBOT UIBU POMZ of all participating countries have a child SFTUSBJOU MBX and rate its enforcement as PWFS PO B TDBMF PG UP BOE UIFTF BSF BMM IJHI JODPNF PS NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT "T XFMM BT XFBL MFHJTMBUJPO BOE QPPS FOGPSDFNFOU QSFWJPVT SFTFBSDI What this survey found The global survey found that just under indicates that the prohibitive cost of child IBMG PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT O restraints in many countries is also an report any legislation at all on the use of important factor that affects usage.
+VTU VOEFS IBMG PG DPVOUSJFT IBWF B MBX SFRVJSJOH UIF VTF PG child restraints for young children in
>V]b] ┬Х <17>1 121
vehicles.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Figure 10. Child restraint legislation by country/area
National child restraint laws Laws at subnational level No law No data
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Child restraint laws need to be enacted and enforced. These laws should specify the type of restraint, the childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s age for which each restraint is appropriate, and the seating position. 4 Mechanisms should be established to improve access to affordable child restraints. 4 Countries need to establish systems to collect data on rates of child restraint use. 4 Programmes to increase use of child restraints need to address social norms and encourage a culture of safety. The public needs to be aware of the safety beneďŹ ts of using child restraints.
Legislation: summary
DPVOUSJFT 8IFSF MBXT PO UIFTF SJTL 8IJMF QPTJUJWF TUFQT UPXBSET FOBDUJOH GBDUPST FYJTU UIFZ BSF PGUFO JOBEFRVBUFMZ BQQSPQSJBUF MFHJTMBUJPO IBWF CFFO UBLFO FOGPSDFE o QBSUJDVMBSMZ JO MPX JODPNF JO BMM SFHJPOT PG UIF XPSME NVDI SFNBJOT BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT to be done. (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOBDU BOE FOGPSDF Although all countries reported national DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT UIBU SFRVJSF BMM or subnational legislation related to road users to be protected by means BU MFBTU POF PG UIF mWF LFZ SJTL GBDUPST of appropriate occupant restraints and TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH IFMNFUT TFBU to respect alcohol and speed limits that CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT POMZ PG SFEVDF UIF SJTL PG B SPBE USBGmD DSBTI countries have national or subnational 5IFTF MBXT OFFE UP FOTVSF UIBU MFHBM MBXT SFMBUJOH UP BMM mWF SJTL GBDUPST *O loopholes are avoided that could exempt BEEJUJPO MFHJTMBUJPO PO SJTL GBDUPST JT QBSUJDVMBS SPBE VTFST &OGPSDFNFOU FGGPSUT still incomplete in its coverage in many NVTU CF IJHIMZ WJTJCMF XFMM QVCMJDJ[FE
27
TVTUBJOFE BOE JNQMFNFOUFE CZ UIF VTF 0OMZ PG BMM DPVOUSJFT SFTQPOEJOH UP of appropriate measures and penalties UIF TVSWFZ IBE t EBUB PO GBUBM BOE OPO GBUBM SPBE GPS JOGSJOHFNFOU /POHPWFSONFOUBM USBGmD JOKVSJFT QMVT organizations and other civil society t FTUJNBUFT PG UIF DPTU UP UIF FDPOPNZ groups can play an important role in plus generating public and political support for t data on monitoring and evaluation FWJEFODF CBTFE SPBE TBGFUZ NFBTVSFT indicators such as rates of helmet BOE TFBU CFMU VTF &OGPSDFNFOU JT NPTU FGGFDUJWF XIFO TVQQPSUFE CZ JOUFOTJWF QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT campaigns that both highlight the safety Data on fatalities CFOFmUT PG DPNQMZJOH XJUI UIF MFHJTMBUJPO $PNQBSJOH EBUB BDSPTT OBUJPOT SFRVJSFT and also increase the perception of a standardized deďŹ nition of a road trafďŹ c CFJOH EFUFDUFE BOE QFOBMJ[FE XIFO GBUBMJUZ )PXFWFS DPVOUSJFT SFQPSU B XJEF OPU DPNQMZJOH XJUI UIF MBX "T XFMM BT range of deďŹ nitions for a road trafďŹ c JODSFBTJOH BXBSFOFTT PG UIF MBXT o BOE death. These deďŹ nitions use different time of the penalties for not respecting them QFSJPET CFUXFFO B SPBE DSBTI BOE EFBUI o QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT OFFE UP and include or exclude different types of XPSL UPXBSET CVJMEJOH B DVMUVSF PG TBGFUZ road users. The same deďŹ nitions are also TP UIBU UIF HFOFSBM QVCMJD BSF BXBSF PG OPU BMXBZT VTFE DPOTJTUFOUMZ JO UIF TBNF UIF TBGFUZ SFBTPOT CFIJOE UIFTF MBXT country " .
Few countries have reliable data on road trafďŹ c injuries %BUB PO UIF NBHOJUVEF PG UIF QSPCMFN BOE UIF SJTL GBDUPST JOWPMWFE BSF FTTFOUJBM to developing a systems approach to road safety. A comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of road trafďŹ c injuries should consider not only mortality but also OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT BOE SFTVMUJOH EJTBCJMJUZ BT XFMM BT UIF FDPOPNJD DPTU PG SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT BOE UIF DPTU FGGFDUJWFOFTT of interventions. " OVNCFS PG PUIFS JOEJDBUPST DBO JG NPOJUPSFE BDDVSBUFMZ BOE SFHVMBSMZ provide essential information to governments in targeting their interventions and in evaluating the effectiveness of their current national road safety programmes. These include the proportion of road trafďŹ c deaths that BSF BUUSJCVUFE UP BMDPIPM BT XFMM BT IFMNFU BOE TFBU CFMU VTF SBUFT
28
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
The current recommended deďŹ nition of a road trafďŹ c fatality for harmonization of surveillance purposes is â&#x20AC;&#x153;any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of a road trafďŹ c injury accidentâ&#x20AC;? "# 5IF DIPJDF PG EBZT XBT CBTFE PO SFTFBSDI XIJDI TIPXFE UIBU NPTU QFSTPOT XIP EJF BT B SFTVMU PG B DSBTI TVDDVNC UP UIFJS JOKVSJFT XJUIJO EBZT PG TVTUBJOJOH UIFN BOE UIBU XIJMF FYUFOTJPO PG UIJT EBZ QFSJPE SFTVMUFE JO B NBSHJOBM JODSFBTF JO OVNCFST JU SFRVJSFE B EJTQSPQPSUJPOBUFMZ MBSHF increase in surveillance efforts % . "MUIPVHI UIFSF BSF NPWFT XJUIJO TPNF SFHJPOT UP NBLF UIJT EBZ EFmOJUJPO UIF TUBOEBSE UIF SFTVMUT PG UIJT TVSWFZ indicate that this goal remains largely unattained. The time periods used in EFmOJUJPOT PG SPBE USBGmD SFMBUFE EFBUIT range from â&#x20AC;&#x153;died at the scene of the DSBTIw UISPVHI B EBZ QFSJPE BOE B EBZ QFSJPE UP BOZ EFBUI UIBU SFTVMUT from a road trafďŹ c crash regardless of the time that has elapsed. At the global level
6OEFSSFQPSUJOH IBT CFFO BDLOPXMFEHFE for many years as another important SFBTPO XIZ JU JT EJGmDVMU UP DPNQBSF SPBE USBGmD DSBTI EBUB CFUXFFO DPVOUSJFT 4PNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF UBLFO TUFQT UP BEESFTT UIJT JTTVF BOE UP BEKVTU UIFJS PXO EBUB PS MJOL UIFJS EJGGFSFOU EBUBCBTFT CVU NBOZ IBWF OPU 'BDUPST UIBU DBO BGGFDU UIF RVBMJUZ PG EBUB SFQPSUFE JODMVEF QPMJUJDBM JOnVFODFT competing priorities and availability of resources.
POMZ DPVOUSJFT VTF B EBZ EFmOJUJPO GPS B SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUZ TFF 'JHVSF &WFO XJUIJO UIF &VSPQFBO 3FHJPO XIJDI IBT NBEF DPOTJEFSBCMF FGGPSUT UP CSJOH DPVOUSJFT JO MJOF XJUI UIF EBZ EFmOJUJPO PG B SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUZ UIFSF JT XJEF WBSJBUJPO "MUIPVHI definitional issues can be overcome CZ BQQMZJOH DPSSFDUJPO GBDUPST GPS harmonization and comparison purposes JU XPVME CF FBTJFS JG BMM DPVOUSJFT VTFE UIF same deямБnition.
Figure 11. Time period used to deямБne a road trafямБc fatality by country/ area and income group Other Within 1 year Within 30 days Within 7 days Within 24 hours On the scene 10
20
30
40
50
Number of countries HIC
MIC
LIC
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
60
70
80
90 4JNQMF DBTVBMUZ SFHJTUFST DBO be used to obtain a minimum EBUBTFU XIJDI QSPWJEFT JOGPSNBUJPO PO OPO GBUBM injuries.
>V]b] ┬Х ; >SRS\ E6=
0
The extent of underreporting is also JOnVFODFE CZ t UIF TFDUPS UIBU SFDPSET UIF JOGPSNBUJPO t UIF QSPQPSUJPO PG DSBTIFT JOWPMWJOH WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST JO NBOZ countries these types of crashes are NPSF MJLFMZ UP CF VOEFSSFQPSUFE t QPPS PS BCTFOU MJOLT CFUXFFO QPMJDF USBOTQPSU BOE IFBMUI TFSWJDF EBUB XIJDI NFBOT UIBU mHVSFT GPS QFPQMF XIP EJF BGUFS BENJTTJPO UP IPTQJUBM NBZ OPU CF SFnFDUFE t FYFNQUJPOT GSPN SFQPSUJOH DFSUBJO DSBTIFT TVDI BT UIPTF JOWPMWJOH OPO NPUPSJ[FE PS NJMJUBSZ WFIJDMFT and t XIFUIFS TBNQMJOH TUSBUFHJFT BSF employed and extrapolated.
in data collected by the police and transport sectors compared to health TFDUPS EBUB XIJDI TVHHFTUT UIF OFFE GPS MJOLT UP JNQSPWF EBUB RVBMJUZ "$ . 5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU POMZ PG countries used health data as a source PG UIFJS GBUBMJUZ JOGPSNBUJPO FJUIFS BMPOF PS JO DPNCJOBUJPO XJUI EBUB GSPN BOPUIFS TPVSDF 'JHVSF )BMG PG UIF DPVOUSJFT reported data on road trafямБc fatalities on the basis of police records only.
All the above complexities limit USBOTOBUJPOBM DPNQBSJTPOT $POTFRVFOUMZ a number of mechanisms have been developed to try to address some of the JTTVFT PG VOEFSSFQPSUJOH BOE UP NBLF data more comparable. In this global TVSWFZ XF VTFE B UIF 4NFFE $PFGmDJFOU "% UP BEKVTU BMM DPVOUSJFT SPBE USBGmD 'JOBMMZ BO JNQPSUBOU GBDUPS JO UIF RVBMJUZ GBUBMJUZ EBUB UP B EBZ EFmOJUJPO BOE PG B DPVOUSZ T IFBMUI EBUB JO HFOFSBM JT C EFWFMPQFE B TQFDJBM NPEFM VTJOH UIF FRVBMJUZ PG BDDFTT PG JUT QFPQMF UP OFHBUJWF CJOPNJBM SFHSFTTJPO TFF 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY GPS NPSF JOGPSNBUJPO health care facilities. 5BCMF TIPXT UIF SFQPSUFE EBUB BOE 0OF XBZ PG JNQSPWJOH UIJT QSPCMFN SBUF QFS QPQVMBUJPO WFSTVT UIBU JT UP MJOL EBUB TPVSDFT 4UVEJFT IBWF PCUBJOFE CZ UIF NPEFM JOEJDBUJOH B TIPXO IJHIFS MFWFMT PG VOEFSSFQPSUJOH difference globally.
Figure 12. Proportion of countries using different data sources for road trafямБc fatalities No data (2%)
Health (7%)
Other (15%) Police (50%) Statistics (9%)
Linked to health/ other sector (7%)
Transport (11%)
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 4. Road trafďŹ c deaths by WHO region using reported and modelled data REPORTED DATAa WHO REGION
AFRICAN REGION
n
MODELLED DATAa
RATE PER 100 000 POPULATION
n
RATE PER 100 000 POPULATION
52 302
7.2
234 768
32.2
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
139 466
15.5
142 252
15.8
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
143 977
8.4
285 020
16.6
76 912
14.1
175 668
32.2
EUROPEAN REGION
113 346
12.8
117 997
13.4
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
135 316
7.6
278 321
15.6
661 319
10.1
1 234 026
18.8
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
GLOBAL a
Adjusted for 30-day deďŹ nition.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Encourage the use of the 30-day deďŹ nition of road trafďŹ c fatality for harmonization across data sources. 4 Improve data linkages between police, transport and health sectors. 4 Increase human capacity to undertake data collection, analysis and interpretation. 4 Improve the use of ICD1 coding in vital registration to adequately reďŹ&#x201A;ect road trafďŹ c deaths. 1
The International ClassiďŹ cation of Diseases (ICD) is used to classify diseases and other health problems recorded on many types of records, including death certiďŹ cates and health records. The most recent (10th) revision of the ICD codes came into use in 1994 but some countries still use previous versions.
Data on non-fatal injuries *O BEEJUJPO UP NPSUBMJUZ EBUB JOGPSNBUJPO PO OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT JT JNQPSUBOU CFDBVTF it provides a complete picture of the JNQBDU PG SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT GPS QPMJDZ NBLJOH *U DBO GPS FYBNQMF HVJEF IPTQJUBM TUBGGJOH EPDUPS BOE OVSTF USBJOJOH BOE BMMPDBUJPO PG GVOET GPS hospital admissions and rehabilitation. )PXFWFS JU JT OPU BMXBZT FTTFOUJBM UP TFU up a sophisticated injury information TZTUFN XIFO SFTPVSDFT BSF TDBSDF TPNF type of â&#x20AC;&#x153;casualty registerâ&#x20AC;? or repeated TVSWFZT DBO CF FRVBMMZ VTFGVM
employ hospital staff to code injuries XIFO UIF QBUJFOU JT EJTDIBSHFE GSPN DBSF o VTJOH B TUBOEBSEJ[FE TDPSJOH NFUIPE TVDI BT UIF "CCSFWJBUFE *OKVSZ 4DBMF *OKVSZ 4FWFSJUZ 4DPSF PS UIF *OUFSOBUJPOBM $MBTTJmDBUJPO PG %JTFBTFT DPEFT o BOE UIFO MJOL UIFTF EBUB UP QPMJDF USBOTQPSU databases "&o# .
)PXFWFS JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT UIF MFWFM of severity of an injury is recorded by the police at the site of the crash. This results in less reliable categorization of JOKVSJFT 5IF MBDL PG IBSNPOJ[BUJPO JO UFSNJOPMPHZ VTFE BMTP NBLFT DPVOUSZ 1SPCMFNT SFMBUJOH UP UIF RVBMJUZ BOE DPNQBSJTPOT EJGmDVMU *O TPNF DPVOUSJFT SFMJBCJMJUZ PG EBUB PO OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT iTFSJPVTw JT EFmOFE BT iSFRVJSJOH IPTQJUBM are probably even more complex BUUFOUJPOw XIJMF JO PUIFST JU JT iJOQBUJFOU than those relating to data on deaths. DBSF GPS BU MFBTU IPVSTw XIJMF ZFU Reliable assessment of the severity of others have longer admission times. JOKVSZ SFRVJSFT TPNF DMJOJDBM FYQFSJFODF 5IFSF JT VTVBMMZ MJUUMF MJBJTPO CFUXFFO PS NFEJDBM FYQFSUJTF " GFX DPVOUSJFT UIF QPMJDF BOE IFBMUI GBDJMJUJFT UP USBDL
Training police in Addis Ababa on data DPMMFDUJPO JT POF NFBTVSF VTFE CZ UIF &UIJPQJBO government to improve estimates of road trafďŹ c injury fatalities.
CENTRE " OVSTF BUUFOET UP B NPUPSDZDMJTU XJUI B IFBE JOKVSZ JO $IJBOH .BJ 5IBJMBOE
>V]b] Â&#x2022; ; 9VOgSaW E6=
PHOTO LEFT
3FNFNCFSJOH UIPTF LJMMFE JO SPBE USBGmD DSBTIFT in France.
RIGHT
The majority of countries do not have robust data on OPO GBUBM SPBE USBGmD injuries.
IPX MPOH B QBUJFOU JT BENJUUFE GPS BOE so the category of serious can range GSPN B GFX DVUT BOE CSVJTFT UP TFWFSF IFBE JOKVSJFT 5P DPNQPVOE UIJT JO NPTU IJHI JODPNF DPVOUSJFT UIPTF JOWPMWFE JO B DSBTI XJUI BOZ UZQF PG JOKVSZ BSF VTVBMMZ seen in an accident and emergency room GPS JOTVSBODF QVSQPTFT XIJMF JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF DPVOUSJFT UIJT EFQFOET PO BDDFTT UP DBSF B HPPE QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF TZTUFN mOBODFT BOE PUIFS WBSJBCMFT TFF #PY
5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXFE B SBUJP CFUXFFO EFBUIT BOE TFWFSF JOKVSJFT *G UIJT XFSF applied to the global total of 1.27 million EFBUIT JU XPVME NFBO UIBU BQQSPYJNBUFMZ NJMMJPO QFPQMF BSF JOKVSFE TFWFSFMZ enough to be seen in an emergency room. This supports previous estimates PG UIF UPUBM OVNCFS PG OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT BMM TFWFSJUZ MFWFMT BT CFUXFFO BOE million " % .
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 The data collected by the health sector need to be improved. This is particularly true with regard to data on non-fatal injuries. This can take the form of discharge data using ICD coding, injury surveillance systems or, where this is not feasible, intermittent surveys or â&#x20AC;&#x153;casualty registersâ&#x20AC;? which collect only minimum data # . 4 There is a need for standard deďŹ nitions of levels of severity of non-fatal injuries to allow them to be accurately recorded and collated. The deďŹ nitions should be simple enough to be administered by both health and non-health personnel. 4 Countries should be encouraged to link all data sources on road trafďŹ c injuries in order to help address underreporting.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
>V]b] ┬Х ; >SRS\ E6=
>V]b] ┬Х E6=
Box 4: Pre-hospital care .VDI DBO CF EPOF UP MPXFS UIF CVSEFO PG EFBUI BOE EJTBCJMJUZ GSPN SPBE trafямБc injuries by strengthening trauma care services across the spectrum GSPN QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF UISPVHI UP SFIBCJMJUBUJPO 5IF DIBJO PG TVSWJWBM TUBSUT BU UIF TDFOF PG UIF JODJEFOU 1SPNQU HPPE RVBMJUZ QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF DBO save the lives of many injured persons.
5IF RVJDL BSSJWBM PG FNFSHFODZ SFTQPOTF UFBNT JT BO JNQPSUBOU GBDUPS JO SFEVDJOH BEWFSTF IFBMUI DPOTFRVFODFT PG B DSBTI "MUIPVHI NPTU DPVOUSJFT IBWF POF VOJWFSTBM QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF BDDFTT UFMFQIPOF OVNCFS DPVOUSJFT IBWF VQ UP UISFF EJGGFSFOU OBUJPOBM UFMFQIPOF OVNCFST BOE B GVSUIFS DPVOUSJFT IBWF MPDBM PS SFHJPO TQFDJmD OVNCFST 5IJT DBO CF DPOGVTJOH GPS UIF MBZ QFSTPO XIP IBT UP SFNFNCFS UIF EJGGFSFOU OVNCFST BOE UIFO EFDJEF XIJDI OVNCFS UP VTF 'PS FYBNQMF JO 4PVUI "GSJDB JG ZPV BSF VTJOH B NPCJMF QIPOF ZPV BSF SFRVJSFE UP EJBM XIJMF PO B MBOEMJOF UIF OVNCFS JT 5P DPNQPVOE NBUUFST B OVNCFS PG private ambulance companies cannot be accessed unless one has medical JOTVSBODF XIJDI DPWFST UIJT TFSWJDF
>V]b] ┬Х E6=
5IJT HMPCBM TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU PG UIF DPVOUSJFT IBWF GPSNBM QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF TZTUFNT 5IF RVBMJUZ PG UIFTF TZTUFNT IPXFWFS XBT OPU FWBMVBUFE 5IFZ DPVME SBOHF GSPN TPQIJTUJDBUFE TZTUFNT XJUI IJHIMZ RVBMJmFE TUBGG UP UIPTF UIBU SFMZ POMZ PO mSTU SFTQPOEFST F H CZTUBOEFST
Where no pre-hospital trauma care system exists, trained community members can provide ямБrst aid.
5IF NPTU DPNNPO QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF BDDFTT OVNCFS VTFE JT VTFE CZ DPVOUSJFT GPMMPXFE CZ VTFE QSFEPNJOBOUMZ JO UIF "NFSJDBT BOE VTFE QSFEPNJOBOUMZ JO "GSJDB TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY "T JOUFSOBUJPOBM USBWFM JODSFBTFT JU XJMM CF JODSFBTJOHMZ JNQPSUBOU UP XPSL UPXBSET POF HMPCBM PS SFHJPOBM QIPOF OVNCFS 'PS JOTUBODF UIF &VSPQFBO 6OJPO JT NPWJOH UPXBSET UIF BEPQUJPO PG POF VOJWFSTBM OVNCFS GPS BMM JUT NFNCFS countries.
Data on economic costs
t 8 I J M F D P V O U S Z M F W F M D P T U J O H studies are important for internal DPNQBSJTPOT BU B HMPCBM MFWFM UIFZ IBWF DPOTJEFSBCMF MJNJUBUJPOT XJUI regard to comparisons in terms of the EJGGFSFOU NFUIPEPMPHJFT FNQMPZFE the different currencies used and the EJGGFSFOU ZFBST JO XIJDI UIF TBNQMFT XFSF DPMMFDUFE
Considerable economic and social costs SFTVMU GSPN EFBUIT JOKVSJFT BOE EJTBCJMJUZ caused by road trafямБc crashes. The survey SFTVMUT TIPXFE UIBU t -FTT UIBO IBMG PG BMM QBSUJDJQBUJOH countries have conducted a study on UIF DPTU PG SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT BOE PS JOKVSJFT TFF 5BCMF t Most surveys are not national but based on a sample and are usually conducted in a teaching IPTQJUBM %BUB ESBXO GSPN UIFN XIJMF VTFGVM UIFSFGPSF IBWF MJNJUFE generalizability. t (SPTT PVUQVU NFUIPEPMPHZ JT UIF most common method used to assess costs. While this type of costing is VTFGVM GPS IFBMUI TFSWJDFT JU TIPXT POMZ UIF UJQ PG UIF JDFCFSH -PTT PG QSPEVDUJWJUZ EBNBHFT SFEVDFE RVBMJUZ PG MJGF BOE PUIFS GBDUPST BSF important indirect costs that need to be included if the true cost to society is to be calculated.
)PXFWFS UIJT UZQF PG JOGPSNBUJPO BU country level is extremely important GPS TIPXJOH UIF JNQBDU PG SPBE USBGmD crashes on all the sectors involved and for convincing politicians to invest in QSFWFOUJPO ,OPXJOH UIF FGGFDUJWFOFTT PG JOUFSWFOUJPOT BOE DPOTFRVFOU DPTUo CFOFmU SBUJPT XPVME CF NPTU CFOFmDJBM to countries. WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Countries should be encouraged to conduct national studies on the costs of road trafямБc crashes as well as on the cost-effectiveness of interventions they put into place. 4 Where possible, costing should include both direct and indirect costs.
Table 5. Countries with one or more studies on the economic cost of road trafямБc crashes by WHO region
WHO REGION
DEATHS AND INJURIES
DEATHS ONLY
n
n
INJURIES ONLY
OTHER TYPES OF STUDIES
COUNTRIES REPORTING AT LEAST 1 STUDY
n
n
n
AFRICAN REGION
15
2
0
17
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
14
0
1
15
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
6
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
10
1
EUROPEAN REGION
25
2
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
11
ALL
81
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
5
1
7
1
12 27
1
2
13
4
91
Data on monitoring and evaluation 0OMZ PG UIF DPVOUSJFT TVSWFZFE IBWF B OBUJPOBM SPBE TBGFUZ TUSBUFHZ XIJDI JODMVEFT UBSHFUT 0WFS POF UIJSE PG UIFTF DPVOUSJFT BSF JO &VSPQF XIFSF B &VSPQFBO 6OJPO UBSHFU XBT TFU TPNF ZFBST BHP GPS BDIJFWFNFOU CZ TFF 5BCMF 0UIFS SFHJPOT MJLF "GSJDB IBWF BMTP recently adopted targets although these have yet to be reďŹ&#x201A;ected at country level.
Table 6. Countries with targets included in their road safety strategies by WHO region and income level WHO REGION
AFRICAN REGION
MIDDLE-INCOME
HIGH-INCOME
9
2
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
11
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
9
3
12
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGIONa
2
2
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
4
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
0
2
1
3
EUROPEAN REGION
1
11
21
33
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
1
6
5
12
GLOBAL
13
32
30
75
b
No high-income countries. No low-income countries.
Figure 13. Levels of motorcycle helmet wearing in 60 countriesa % motorcycle helmet wearing (range)
17%
â&#x2013; 0â&#x20AC;&#x201C;24% 3%
While some countries have put into QMBDF MFHJTMBUJPO UP BEESFTT UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST GFX DPVOUSJFT IBWF FTUBCMJTIFE systems to collect data on monitoring or evaluating the success of these measures at a national level. *O UIJT TVSWFZ POMZ PG DPVOUSJFT SFQPSUFE EBUB PO NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU XFBSJOH SBUFT XJUI UIF MFWFMT PG IFMNFU XFBSJOH SFQPSUFE WBSZJOH XJEFMZ BT TIPXO JO 'JHVSF BOE 5BCMF " JO UIF 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY )PXFWFS UIF NFUIPEPMPHJFT VTFE UP EFUFSNJOF UIFTF mHVSFT XFSF OPU FWBMVBUFE BT QBSU PG UIJT TUVEZ XIJMF GPS TPNF DPVOUSJFT UIF IFMNFU XFBSJOH SBUFT SFQPSUFE XFSF SFTVMUT PG TNBMM TUVEJFT JO QBSUJDVMBS HFPHSBQIJD BSFBT XIJDI MJNJU their generalizability.
â&#x2013; 25â&#x20AC;&#x201C;49% â&#x2013; 50â&#x20AC;&#x201C;74% â&#x2013; 75â&#x20AC;&#x201C;100%
% of countries 59%
22%
a
In 51 countries this estimate was based on an observational study, the source of which is noted in the country proďŹ les. In 9 countries the estimated wearing rate is the opinion of the consensus group.
Figure 14. Seat-belt wearing rates in 95 countriesa % seat-belt wearing (range)
18%
21%
â&#x2013; <30% â&#x2013; 30â&#x20AC;&#x201C;49% 7%
-FWFMT PG TFBU CFMU XFBSJOH BNPOH GSPOU TFBU PDDVQBOUT XFSF SFQPSUFE GPS DPVOUSJFT BOE SBOHF GSPN VOEFS UP PWFS TFF 'JHVSF BOE 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY -JNJUBUJPOT PG UIF methodologies used are similar to those
TOTAL
REGION OF THE AMERICASb
a
Targets are not the only method of monitoring or evaluating progress. Pages o EFTDSJCF UIF FWJEFODF PO B OVNCFS of proven interventions that are critical to improving road safety. These include SFEVDJOH TQFFE BOE ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE JODSFBTJOH UIF VTF PG IFMNFUT TFBU CFMUT and child restraints.
LOW-INCOME a
â&#x2013; 50â&#x20AC;&#x201C;69% â&#x2013; 70â&#x20AC;&#x201C;89%
% of countries
â&#x2013; >90% 14% 40%
a
In 86 countries this estimate was based on an observational study, the source of which is noted in the country proďŹ les. In 9 countries the estimated seat-belt wearing rate is the opinion of the consensus group.
PG IFMNFU XFBSJOH EBUB 'PSUZ TFWFO QFS cent of countries reported having no data PO SBUFT PG TFBU CFMU VTF JO GSPOU TFBUT BOE SFQPSUFE OP EBUB PO SBUFT PG XFBSJOH SFBS TFBU CFMUT The proportion of deaths related to alcohol reported in this study varies from DPVOUSJFT XIFSF UIJT mHVSF JT VOEFS UP UIPTF XIFSF BMDPIPM DPOUSJCVUFT UP PWFS
IBMG PG BMM SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT TFF 'JHVSF BOE 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY )PXFWFS POMZ IBMG PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH countries have any data on the proportion of road traffic deaths attributable to BMDPIPM o BOE UIPTF UIBU EP GSFRVFOUMZ only have data from more sophisticated UFSUJBSZ IPTQJUBMT XIJDI MJNJUT UIF QPTTJCJMJUZ PG NBLJOH HFOFSBMJ[BUJPOT PO the basis of the information.
Figure 15. Proportion of alcohol-related fatal crashes in 93 countriesa % alcohol-relatedness (range)
11% 3%
28%
â&#x2013; <5% â&#x2013; 5â&#x20AC;&#x201C;9% â&#x2013; 10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;19%
15%
â&#x2013; 20â&#x20AC;&#x201C;29%
% of countries
â&#x2013; 30â&#x20AC;&#x201C;39% â&#x2013; 40â&#x20AC;&#x201C;49% 11%
17%
â&#x2013; >50%
15%
a
In 90 countries this estimate was based on ofďŹ cial data, the source of which is noted in the country proďŹ les. In 3 countries the proportion given is the opinion of the consensus group.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Countries need to step up efforts to collect robust data on a number of intermediate indicators that relate to road trafďŹ c injury prevention and that can be used for monitoring and evaluation research. These include: t rates of helmet use; t rates of seat-belt use; t the proportion of drivers with blood alcohol concentration over the legal limit; t rates of child restraint use. 4 While high-income countries often use sophisticated survey methodology, basic helmet and seat-belt wearing surveys are relatively simple and cheap to conduct. Surveys are essential for comprehensive monitoring to take place. 4 These data are pivotal to making policy decisions based on evidence, and to evaluating measures that are put in place. 4 The health sector should play an important role in research related to risk factors.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
4
Conclusions
Strengths and weaknesses of this survey
BTTFTTNFOUT BMMPX DPVOUSJFT UP NPOJUPS their progress over time compared to that of other countries.
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5IJT TVSWFZ JT B mSTU TUFQ UPXBSET B CSPBE global assessment of road safety. It brings 5IF TVSWFZ NFUIPEPMPHZ XBT EFTJHOFE UP UPHFUIFS B VOJRVF TFU PG EBUB PO B OVNCFS increase the accuracy and completeness PG SPBE TBGFUZ WBSJBCMFT GPS DPVOUSJFT PG UIF EBUB UIBU XFSF TVCNJUUFE UP 8)0 BDDPVOUJOH GPS PWFS PG UIF XPSME T CZ SFRVJSJOH SFTQPOEFOUT GSPN NVMUJQMF population. It brings road safety into line TFDUPST UP UBLF QBSU BOE SFBDI DPOTFOTVT XJUI PUIFS JTTVFT TVDI BT DMJNBUF DIBOHF PO UIF GJOBM BOTXFST "O BEEJUJPOBM UPCBDDP BOE UVCFSDVMPTJT XIFSF SFHVMBS CFOFmU PG UIF NFUIPEPMPHZ XBT UP GPTUFS
NVMUJTFDUPSBM DPMMBCPSBUJPO CZ MJOLJOH SPBE TBGFUZ QSBDUJUJPOFST XPSLJOH JO UIF TBNF DPVOUSZ 4PNF /BUJPOBM %BUB Coordinators reported that the consensus HSPVQ NFFUJOH XBT UIF mSTU UJNF UIBU practitioners from different sectors had met to discuss road safety. As a result of UIF SFHJPOBM USBJOJOH XPSLTIPQT IFME BT QBSU PG UIJT QSPKFDU OFUXPSLT PG /BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPST IBWF CFFO EFWFMPQFE and are already being used to facilitate regional collaboration. /POFUIFMFTT BT XJUI BOZ TUVEZ UIFSF BSF B OVNCFS PG MJNJUBUJPOT OBNFMZ t 5IF DPNQBSBCJMJUZ PG EBUB BDSPTT DPVOUSJFT JT TPNFXIBU MJNJUFE CFDBVTF PG EJGGFSFOU JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PG UFSNT VTFE JO UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF F H XIBU DPOTUJUVUFT B SVSBM SPBE PS B IJHIXBZ EJGGFST CFUXFFO DPVOUSJFT DPVOUSJFT reporting data from different years PS BOE EJGGFSFOU TPVSDFT PG EBUB VTFE GPS WBSJBCMFT F H GBUBMJUZ data in some countries came from the QPMJDF TFDUPS BOE JO PUIFST GSPN UIF IFBMUI TFDUPS XIJDI IBT JNQMJDBUJPOT PO DPNQMFUFOFTT t 5IF TVSWFZ GPDVTFE PO OBUJPOBM MFWFM EBUB 5IJT NFBOU UIBU GPS UIF DPVOUSJFT XIFSF SJTL GBDUPS MFHJTMBUJPO JT FOBDUFE BU UIF TVCOBUJPOBM MFWFM UIF EFUBJMT PO UIFTF WBSJBCMFT XFSF OPU SFDPSEFE 4JNJMBSMZ XIJMF NBOZ MBXT PO SPBE USBGGJD SFMBUFE SJTL factors are enacted at national MFWFM FOGPSDFNFOU BOE SFHVMBUPSZ measures are often carried out at the subnational or local level. t 'JOBMMZ EBUB DPMMFDUJPO JO UIJT QSPKFDU JOWPMWFE UIF VTF PG TFMG BENJOJTUFSFE RVFTUJPOOBJSFT XIJDI DBO JOUSPEVDF a number of potential biases. In BEEJUJPO B EFHSFF PG TVCKFDUJWJUZ XBT JOUSPEVDFE BT SFTQPOEFOUT XFSF BTLFE UP SBUF UIFJS perception of enforcement of the legislation on SJTL GBDUPST JO UIFJS DPVOUSZ
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Key messages and recommendations This survey covered the magnitude of road USBGmD JOKVSJFT BT XFMM BT UIF FYJTUFODF PG JOTUJUVUJPOT QPMJDJFT MFHJTMBUJPO BOE EBUB DPMMFDUJPO TZTUFNT BOE QFSDFJWFE MFWFMT of enforcement of legislation at a country level. The main ямБndings are summarized BT GPMMPXT t 3PBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT SFNBJO B NBKPS QVCMJD IFBMUI QSPCMFN XJUI UIF IJHIFTU GBUBMJUZ SBUFT QFS QPQVMBUJPO JO NJEEMF JODPNF BOE MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT 1FEFTUSJBOT DZDMJTUT BOE VTFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXP PS UISFF XIFFMFST iWVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFSTw UPHFUIFS BDDPVOU GPS approximately half of all road trafямБc EFBUIT BSPVOE UIF XPSME 7VMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST BSF QBSUJDVMBSMZ BU SJTL JO MPX JODPNF BOE NJEEMF JODPNF countries in Asia. t 8IJMF NBOZ DPVOUSJFT IBWF B CBTJD MFHJTMBUJWF GSBNFXPSL JO QMBDF GPS SPBE TBGFUZ POMZ IBWF MBXT SFMBUJOH UP BMM UIF mWF LFZ SJTL GBDUPST SFWJFXFE o TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH IFMNFUT TFBU CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT 'VSUIFSNPSF UIFTF MBXT BSF GSFRVFOUMZ OPU DPNQSFIFOTJWF JO their scope. t &OGPSDFNFOU PG MBXT SFMBUJOH UP UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST GPS SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT JT perceived to be suboptimal in many countries. t *OTUJUVUJPOBM GSBNFXPSLT BSF insufямБciently developed or resourced in many countries to be effective. 'PS JOTUBODF XIJMF PG DPVOUSJFT report the existence of a national SPBE TBGFUZ TUSBUFHZ POMZ POF UIJSE of countries report government endorsement of the strategy that has both precise targets and sufямБcient GVOEJOH GPS JUT JNQMFNFOUBUJPO o CPUI PG XIJDI BSF JNQPSUBOU GPS UIF success of a strategy.
t 5IFSF BSF TFWFSBM MJNJUBUJPOT JO UIF data that countries collect and report PO SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT 6OEFSSFQPSUJOH PG SPBE USBGGJD EFBUIT o B DSVDJBM indicator in terms of assessing NBHOJUVEF o JT B NBKPS QSPCMFN JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT *O BEEJUJPO POMZ PG BMM DPVOUSJFT JOEJDBUFE UIBU UIFZ IBE EBUB PO GBUBM BOE OPO GBUBM SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT FTUJNBUFT PG UIF DPTU UP UIFJS FDPOPNZ BOE EBUB PO monitoring and evaluation indicators TVDI BT SBUFT PG IFMNFU VTF BOE TFBU CFMU XFBSJOH 5IF SFTVMUT QSFTFOUFE TVHHFTU UIBU XIJMF NPTU DPVOUSJFT IBWF UBLFO TUFQT UPXBSET BEESFTTJOH SPBE TBGFUZ BEEJUJPOBM FGGPSUT BSF OFFEFE (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP UBLF JOUP consideration the needs of all road VTFST XIFO NBLJOH QPMJDZ EFDJTJPOT that impact on road safety. To EBUF UIF OFFET PG WVMOFSBCMF SPBE users have been neglected in many countries and should be given SFOFXFE FNQIBTJT QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFO decisions are made about road EFTJHO BOE JOGSBTUSVDUVSF MBOE VTF planning and transport services.
FGGPSUT NVTU CF XFMM QVCMJDJ[FE TVTUBJOFE BOE JNQMFNFOUFE UISPVHI the use of appropriate measures and penalties for infringement. 4. Countries need to encourage collaboration among different sectors involved in collecting and reporting road trafямБc injury data. This involves JNQSPWJOH EBUB MJOLBHFT CFUXFFO QPMJDF USBOTQPSU BOE IFBMUI TFSWJDFT IBSNPOJ[BUJPO PG DBTF EFmOJUJPOT BT XFMM BT JODSFBTJOH IVNBO DBQBDJUZ UP VOEFSUBLF EBUB DPMMFDUJPO (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOTVSF UIBU UIF institutions that have been nominated BT SFTQPOTJCMF GPS UBLJOH BDUJPO on road safety have the necessary human and ямБnancial resources to act effectively. The evidence suggests that the development and endorsement PG B OBUJPOBM TUSBUFHZ XJUI SFBMJTUJD UBSHFUT BOE FBSNBSLFE GVOEJOH for implementation are important GBDUPST UPXBSET NFFUJOH MPOH UFSN road safety goals.
The results of this survey can be used as a tool to inform policy decisions in DPOKVODUJPO XJUI PUIFS JOUFSOBUJPOBM BOE OBUJPOBM TUVEJFT BOE QSPHSBNNFT o GPS (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOBDU FYBNQMF UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 3FHJPOBM DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT UP QSPUFDU BMM $PNNJTTJPOT QSPKFDU PO TFUUJOH SPBE road users by setting speed limits USBGGJD DBTVBMUZ SFEVDUJPO UBSHFUT PS that are appropriate to the type and alongside implementation and evaluation GVODUJPO PG UIF SPBE TUJQVMBUJOH of the good practice manuals developed blood alcohol concentration limits UISPVHI UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 3PBE 4BGFUZ UIBU IFMQ SFEVDF ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE Collaboration. The results can also be SFRVJSJOH UIF VTF PG BQQSPQSJBUF used to leverage political support and QSPUFDUJPO NFBTVSFT &YJTUJOH resources for safer road transportation for MFHJTMBUJPO TIPVME CF SFWJFXFE BOE BMM SPBE VTFST JODMVEJOH JO JOUFSOBUJPOBM BNFOEFE UP DPOGPSN XJUI HPPE GPSVNT 0OF LFZ NJMFTUPOF JO JOUFSOBUJPOBM practices that are based on sound SPBE TBGFUZ FWFOUT XJMM CF UIF 'JSTU (MPCBM .JOJTUFSJBM $POGFSFODF PO 3PBE 4BGFUZ UP evidence of effectiveness. CF IFME JO .PTDPX JO /PWFNCFS &OGPSDFNFOU PG BMM SPBE TBGFUZ MBXT %VSJOH UIF $POGFSFODF EFMFHBUFT BSF OFFET UP CF JNQSPWFE &OGPSDFNFOU MJLFMZ UP DBMM GPS B Decade of Action
on Road Safety 4IPVME UIJT QSPQPTBM EP PDDVS BOE DPVOUSJFT IBWF UBLFO NBOZ CF FOEPSTFE CZ NFNCFS DPVOUSJFT TUFQT UPXBSET QVUUJOH JO QMBDF FWJEFODF such a decade could be an important CBTFE JOUFSWFOUJPOT UP NBLF SPBET opportunity to further catalyse action. TBGFS "U UIF JOUFSOBUJPOBM MFWFM IJHI The results of this Global status report level commitment has been evidenced and the gaps it has identiямБed should by various international resolutions and TFSWF BT LFZ FMFNFOUT JO UIF EJTDVTTJPOT DPMMBCPSBUJWF QSPKFDUT 5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXT during the Ministerial Conference on IPXFWFS UIBU NVDI NPSF SFNBJOT UP 3PBE 4BGFUZ BT XFMM BT GPS QMBOOJOH UIF CF EPOF /P DPVOUSZ DBO BGGPSE UP TJU activities envisaged in the context of the CBDL BOE BTTVNF UIBU JUT SPBE TBGFUZ XPSL JT DPNQMFUF BOE UIF JOUFSOBUJPOBM Decade of Action. community must continue to recognize An increasing body of research road trafямБc injuries as an important health EFNPOTUSBUFT XBZT UP QSFWFOU DSBTIFT PS and development issue and intensify UP SFEVDF UIF TFWFSJUZ PG JOKVSJFT XIFO UIFZ support for their prevention.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
References 1. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU IFBMUIJOGP HMPCBM@CVSEFO@EJTFBTF (#%@SFQPSU@ VQEBUF@"OOFY" QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 2. World health statistics 2008 (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU XIPTJT XIPTUBU FO JOEFY IUN BDDFTTFE "QSJM .VSSBZ $+- FU BM The Global Burden of Disease 2000 project: aims, methods and data sources (1& %JTDVTTJPO 1BQFS /P (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO 1FEFO . FU BM FET World report on road trafямБc injury prevention (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU WJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPO QVCMJDBUJPOT SPBE@USBGmD XPSME@SFQPSU FO JOEFY IUNM BDDFTTFE "QSJM &TJZPL # FU BM Road trafямБc accidents and disability: A cross-section study from Turkey. Disability and Rehabilitation o (VSVSBK ( Road trafямБc injury prevention in India #BOHBMPSF /BUJPOBM *OTUJUVUF PG .FOUBM )FBMUI BOE /FVSP 4DJFODFT 1VCMJDBUJPO /P IUUQ XXX OJNIBOT LBS OJD JO FQJEFNJPMPHZ EPD FQ@GU QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM +BDPCT ( 5IPNBT "" "TUSPQ " Estimating global road fatalities $SPXUIPSOF 5SBOTQPSU 3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ 53- 3FQPSU IUUQ XXX USBOTQPSU MJOLT PSH USBOTQPSU@MJOLT mMFBSFB QVCMJDBUJPOT @ @53- QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 3FBEJOH 3 "SFB TPDJPFDPOPNJD TUBUVT BOE DIJMEIPPE JOKVSZ NPSCJEJUZ JO /FX 4PVUI 8BMFT "VTUSBMJB Child Care Health and Development "FSPO 5IPNBT " FU BM The involvement and impact of road crashes on the poor: Bangladesh and India case studies QSPKFDU 113 $SPXUIPSOF 6OJUFE ,JOHEPN 5SBOTQPSU 3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ IUUQ XXX HSTQSPBETBGFUZ PSH UIFNFT EFGBVMU QEGT 5IF 1PPS@mOBM mOBM SFQPSU QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM Guidelines for estimating the cost of road crashes in developing countries QSPKFDU 3 -POEPO 5SBOTQPSU 3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ %FQBSUNFOU GPS *OUFSOBUJPOBM %FWFMPQNFOU IUUQ XXX USBOTQPSU MJOLT PSH USBOTQPSU@MJOLT mMFBSFB QVCMJDBUJPOT @ @3 1%' BDDFTTFE "QSJM 0EFSP 8 FU BM 3PBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT JO ,FOZB NBHOJUVEF DBVTFT BOE TUBUVT PG JOUFSWFOUJPO Injury Prevention and Safety Control o (VSVSBK ( 3PBE USBGmD EFBUIT JOKVSJFT BOE EJTBCJMJUJFT JO *OEJB DVSSFOU TDFOBSJP The National Medical Journal of India o /FXUPO + Road safety тАУ Partnership program. Shared responsibility 8FTUFSO "VTUSBMJB 0GmDF PG 3PBE 4BGFUZ IUUQ XXX PGmDFPGSPBETBGFUZ XB HPW BV EPDVNFOUT +BNFT/FXUPO3PBE4BGFUZ1BSUOFSTIJQ1SPHSBN QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 1BVMP[[J -+ FU BM &DPOPNJD EFWFMPQNFOU T FGGFDU PO SPBE USBOTQPSU SFMBUFE NPSUBMJUZ BNPOH EJGGFSFOU SPBE VTFST B DSPTT TFDUJPOBM JOUFSOBUJPOBM TUVEZ Accident Analysis & Prevention o ,PQQJUT & $SPQQFS . 5SBGmD GBUBMJUJFT BOE FDPOPNJD HSPXUI Accident Analysis & Prevention o 178. 4XFEJTI (PWFSONFOU )FBMUI BOE 8FMGBSF 4UBUJTUJDBM %BUBCBTF IUUQ FQDGT JOEFY BTQ LPE FOHFMTLB BDDFTTFE "QSJM 7BTDPODFMMPT &" Urban transport, environment and equity: The case for developing countries -POEPO &BSUITDBO 1VCMJDBUJPOT ,IBZFTJ . -JWBCMF TUSFFUT GPS QFEFTUSJBOT JO /BJSPCJ UIF DIBMMFOHF PG SPBE USBGmD BDDJEFOUT World Policy and Practice o 0EFSP 8 3PBE USBGmD BDDJEFOUT JO ,FOZB BO FQJEFNJPMPHJDBM BQQSBJTBM East African Medical Journal o
41
%IBSNBSBUOF 4% 4UFWFOTPO . 1VCMJD SPBE USBOTQPSU DSBTIFT JO B MPX JODPNF DPVOUSZ Injury Prevention o 1Fร BMPTB & 5IF QPMJUJDT PG IBQQJOFTT Planners Tabloid "VHVTUo4FQUFNCFS IUUQ XXX TBDUPBQB PSH OFXTMUS OFXT QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 5JXBSJ ( 4FMG PSHBOJ[JOH TZTUFNT BOE JOOPWBUJPO JO "TJBO $JUJFT *O +POTPO ( 5FOTUSPN & FET Urban transport development: a complex issue #FSMJO BOE )FJEFMCFSH 4QSJOHFS 7FSMBH o .PCFSFPMB % 4USFOHUIFOJOH VSCBO USBOTQPSU JOTUJUVUJPOT B DBTF TUVEZ PG -BHPT TUBUF Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program %JTDVTTJPO 1BQFS /P IUUQ XXX XPSMECBOL PSH BGS TTBUQ 3FTPVSDFT 44"51 %JTDVTTJPO1BQFST EQ QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 4VC 4BIBSBO "GSJDB 5SBOTQPSU 1SPHSBN 1PMJDZ 44"51 %FWFMPQJOH OFX GSPOUJFST UP JNQSPWF VSCBO NPCJMJUZ SSATP Newsletter no 6 +BOVBSZ IUUQ HP XPSMECBOL PSH ).$& 2) BDDFTTFE "QSJM /JMTTPO ( Traf๏ฌ c safety dimension and the power model to describe the effect on speed safety -VOE -VOE *OTUJUVUF PG 5FDIOPMPHZ 'JODI %+ FU BM Speed, speed limits and accidents 1SPKFDU 3FQPSU $SPXUIPSOF 5SBOTQPSU 3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ 27. Transport Research Centre. Speed management report 1BSJT 0&$% 1VCMJTIJOH 1BTBOFO & Ajonopeudet ja jalankulkijan turvallisuus [Driving speeds and pedestrian safety] &TQPP 5FLOJMMJOFO LPSLFBLPVMV -VJLFOOFUFLOJJLLB (SVOEZ $ FU BM The effect of 20 mph traf๏ฌ c speed zones on road casualties in London, 1986โ 2006 -POEPO -POEPO 4DIPPM PG )ZHJFOF BOE 5SPQJDBM .FEJDJOF JO QSFTT $PNQUPO 31 FU BM $SBTI SJTL PG BMDPIPM JNQBJSFE ESJWJOH *O .BZIFX %3 %VTTBVMU $ FET Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traf๏ฌ c Safety, Montreal, 4โ 9 August 2002 .POUSFBM 4PDJยนUยน EF M BTTVSBODF BVUPNPCJMF EV 2VยนCFD o IUUQ XXX TBBR HPVW RD DB U BDUFT QEG B QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM .PTLPXJU[ ) FU BM .FUIPEPMPHJDBM JTTVFT JO FQJEFNJPMPHJDBM TUVEJFT PG BMDPIPM DSBTI SJTL *O .BZIFX %3 %VTTBVMU $ FET Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traf๏ฌ c Safety, Montreal, 4โ 9 August 2002 .POUSFBM 4PDJยนUยน EF M BTTVSBODF BVUPNPCJMF EV 2VยนCFD o IUUQ XXX TBBR HPVW RD DB U BDUFT QEG B QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 4IVMUT 3 FU BM 3FWJFX PG FWJEFODF SFHBSEJOH JOUFSWFOUJPOT UP SFEVDF BMDPIPM JNQBJSFE ESJWJOH American Journal of Preventive Medicine o 1FFL "TB $ 5IF FGGFDU PG SBOEPN BMDPIPM TDSFFOJOH JO SFEVDJOH NPUPS WFIJDMF DSBTI JOKVSJFT American Journal of Preventive Medicine o &MEFS 38 FU BM &GGFDUJWFOFTT PG TPCSJFUZ DIFDLQPJOUT GPS SFEVDJOH BMDPIPM JOWPMWFE Traf๏ฌ c Injury Prevention o -JV # FU BM )FMNFUT GPS QSFWFOUJOH JOKVSZ JO NPUPSDZDMF SJEFST The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews JTTVF ,SBVT +' 1FFL $ 8JMMJBNT " $PNQMJBODF XJUI UIF $BMJGPSOJB NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU VTF MBX American Journal of Public Health o 4FSWBEFJ ' FU BM &GGFDU PG *UBMZ T NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU MBX PO USBVNBUJD CSBJO JOKVSJFT Injury Prevention o Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU WJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPO QVCMJDBUJPOT SPBE@USBGmD IFMNFU@NBOVBM QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM &MWJL 3 7BB 5 The handbook of road safety measures "NTUFSEBN &MTFWJFS 4DJFODF Seat-belts and child restraints: increasing use and optimising performance #SVTTFMT &VSPQFBO 5SBOTQPSU 4BGFUZ $PVODJM
42
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
41. Motor vehicle occupant protection facts 2006 8BTIJOHUPO %$ /BUJPOBM )JHIXBZ 5SBGmD 4BGFUZ "ENJOJTUSBUJPO IUUQ XXX OIUTB HPW TUBUJDmMFT %05 /)54" 5SBGmD *OKVSZ $POUSPM "SUJDMFT "TTPDJBUFE 'JMFT QEG BDDFTTFE PO "QSJM ;IV . FU BM "TTPDJBUJPO PG SFBS TFBU TBGFUZ CFMU VTF XJUI EFBUI JO B USBGmD DSBTI B NBUDIFE DPIPSU TUVEZ Injury Prevention o Seat-belts and child restraints: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners -POEPO '*" 'PVOEBUJPO GPS UIF "VUPNPCJMF BOE 4PDJFUZ IUUQ XXX XIP JOU SPBETBGFUZ QSPKFDUT NBOVBMT TFBUCFMU TFBU CFMU QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM ;B[B 4 FU BM 3FWJFXT PG FWJEFODF SFHBSEJOH JOUFSWFOUJPOT UP JODSFBTF VTF PG DIJME TBGFUZ TFBUT American Journal of Preventive Medicine o &DPOPNJD $PNNJTTJPO GPS &VSPQF *OUFSTFDSFUBSJBU 8PSLJOH (SPVQ PO 5SBOTQPSU 4UBUJTUJDT Glossary of transport statistics SE FE /FX :PSL /: 6OJUFE /BUJPOT &DPOPNJD BOE 4PDJBM $PVODJM 53"/4 81 IUUQ XXX VOFDF PSH USBOT NBJO XQ QEGEPDT HMPTTFO QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM %FSSJLT ). .BL 1. IRTAD special report. Underreporting of road trafямБc casualties 5IF )BHVF /FUIFSMBOET .JOJTUSZ PG 5SBOTQPSU 1VCMJD 8PSLT BOE 8BUFS .BOBHFNFOU IUUQ XXX XIP JOU SPBETBGFUZ QVCMJDBUJPOT JSUBE@VOEFSSFQPSUJOH QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM 4NFFE 3+ 4PNF TUBUJTUJDBM BTQFDUT PG SPBE TBGFUZ SFTFBSDI Journal of the Royal Statistical Society o +PJOU $PNNJUUFF PO *OKVSZ 4DBMJOH The Abbreviated Injury Scale: 1990 revision $IJDBHP *- "TTPDJBUJPO GPS UIF "EWBODFNFOU PG "VUPNPUJWF .FEJDJOF $PQFT 84 FU BM 5IF *OKVSZ 4FWFSJUZ 4DPSF SFWJTJUFE The Journal of Trauma o International statistical classiямБcation of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision 7PMVNF 5BCVMBS MJTU 7PMVNF *OTUSVDUJPO NBOVBM 7PMVNF *OEFY (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO )PMEFS : FU BM Injury surveillance guidelines (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO
Country proямБles &YQMBOBUPSZ OPUFT
t #BDLHSPVOE
t .FUIPEPMPHJDBM WBSJBUJPOT
t 5FSNJOPMPHZ BOE JOUFSQSFUBUJPO
t 1SFTFOUBUJPO PG EBUB
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&YQMBOBUPSZ OPUFT Background The country proямБles in this section present a selection of information about road safety as reported by each of the QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT BSFBT "EEJUJPOBM OBUJPOBM EBUB DBO CF GPVOE JO UIF 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY 5BCMFT " o " 5IF DPVOUSZ TVSWFZ UPPMT NBZ CF EPXOMPBEFE GSPN UIF GPMMPXJOH XFCTJUF XXX XIP JOU WJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPO SPBE@TBGFUZ@TUBUVT
Methodological variations 0OF IVOESFE BOE TFWFOUZ FJHIU DPVOUSJFT BSFBT QBSUJDJQBUFE JO UIF TVSWFZ GPS UIF Global status report on road safety TFF 5BCMF PO QBHF 8IJMF NPTU DPVOUSJFT BSFBT GPMMPXFE UIF TUBOEBSEJ[FE NFUIPEPMPHZ TFF QBHFT o for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
Terminology and interpretation 5IF GPMMPXJOH UFSNT BOE JTTVFT TIPVME CF DPOTJEFSFE XIFO SFWJFXJOH UIF JOEJWJEVBM DPVOUSZ QSPmMFT t 5IF RVFTUJPOOBJSF BTLFE GPS JOGPSNBUJPO PO B OVNCFS PG UPQJDT XJUI GPMMPX VQ RVFTUJPOT FYQMPSJOH FBDI UPQJD JO GVSUIFS EFUBJM 'PS NBOZ UPQJDT SFTQPOEFOUT XFSF BTLFE UP TLJQ follow-up questions depending on their BOTXFS UP UIF UPQ MFWFM RVFTUJPO $POTFRVFOUMZ UIF DPVOUSZ QSPmMFT EP OPU SFQPSU JOGPSNBUJPO GSPN GPMMPX VQ RVFTUJPOT JG UIFTF TIPVME IBWF CFFO TLJQQFE )PXFWFS JG UIFTF RVFTUJPOT XFSF BOTXFSFE UIF SFTQPOTFT BSF SFDPSEFE JO UIF 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY t Road classiямБcations JO QBSUJDVMBS UIF EFmOJUJPO PG BO VSCBO SPBE B SVSBM SPBE BOE B IJHIXBZ WBSZ HSFBUMZ GSPN DPVOUSZ UP DPVOUSZ 3FTQPOEFOUT XFSF BTLFE UP SFQPSU PO UIF TQFFE MJNJUT PG EJGGFSFOU LJOET PG SPBE according to the deямБnitions used in the country concerned. t 3FTQPOEFOUT XFSF BTLFE BT JOEJWJEVBMT UP SBUF UIF effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of OBUJPOBM SPBE TBGFUZ MFHJTMBUJPO PO UIF CBTJT PG UIFJS QSPGFTTJPOBM PQJOJPO PS QFSDFQUJPO " TDBMF PG UP XBT VTFE XIFSF XBT iOPU FGGFDUJWFw BOE XBT iIJHIMZ FGGFDUJWFw 5IF HSPVQ PG SFTQPOEFOUT UIFO USJFE UP reach consensus on an enforcement score. These scores are therefore subjective and should be seen only BT BO JOEJDBUJPO PG IPX FOGPSDFNFOU JT QFSDFJWFE JO UIF DPVOUSZ .BOZ SFTQPOEFOUT FYQSFTTFE EJGmDVMUZ JO BTTFTTJOH MBX FOGPSDFNFOU BU B OBUJPOBM MFWFM TJODF JU PGUFO WBSJFT GSPN SFHJPO UP SFHJPO XJUIJO B DPVOUSZ BOE the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. t Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits refer to the maximum amount of alcohol that is legally acceptable JO UIF CMPPE PG B ESJWFS PO UIF SPBE o J F UIF CMPPE BMDPIPM MFWFM BCPWF XIJDI B ESJWFS NBZ CF QVOJTIFE CZ MBX 'PS UIF QVSQPTFT PG UIJT SFQPSU UIF #"$ MJNJU JO DPVOUSJFT XIFSF BMDPIPM DPOTVNQUJPO JT QSPIJCJUFE IBT CFFO SFDPSEFE BT [FSP XJUI BO FYQMBOBUPSZ GPPUOPUF 47
t 8IFSF SFTQPOEFOUT QSPWJEFE FYQMBOBUPSZ JOGPSNBUJPO PO rates of helmet wearing and/or seat-belt use o GPS JOTUBODF B EFTDSJQUJPO PG UIF NFUIPEPMPHZ PS HFPHSBQIJDBM DPWFSBHF o UIJT JOGPSNBUJPO JT SFQPSUFE JO footnotes. t " motorcycle helmet law JT BTTFTTFE BT iBQQMJFT UP BMM SJEFST o ZFTw JG UIF MBX SFRVJSFT ESJWFST BOE QBTTFOHFST CPUI BEVMUT BOE DIJMESFO UP XFBS B IFMNFU -BXT XJUI FYDFQUJPOT PO UIF HSPVOET PG SFMJHJPO NFEJDBM DPOEJUJPOT PS PUIFS SFBTPOT BSF JOEJDBUFE XJUI UIF GPPUOPUF iTPNF FYDFQUJPOTw t 3FTQPOEFOUT XFSF BTLFE UP SFQPSU PO vehicle standards SFRVJSFE GPS DBS NBOVGBDUVSFST PS BTTFNCMFST JO UIF DPVOUSZ 5IFSFGPSF OP JOGPSNBUJPO JT JODMVEFE PO WFIJDMF TUBOEBSET GPS DPVOUSJFT XIFSF NBOVGBDUVSF PS BTTFNCMZ EP OPU UBLF QMBDF 4PNF DPVOUSJFT BQQMZ TUSJOHFOU TUBOEBSET UP JNQPSUFE WFIJDMFT CVU EBUB PO TVDI TUBOEBSET XFSF OPU DPMMFDUFE BT QBSU PG UIJT TVSWFZ t 7BSJBCMFT IBWF CFFO DPEFE i%BUB OPU BWBJMBCMF o w JG UIF JOGPSNBUJPO XBT OPU QSPWJEFE UISPVHI UIF OBUJPOBM data collection process.
Presentation of data Country profiles contain data PO SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT BOE OPO GBUBM JOKVSJFT BT reported CZ DPVOUSJFT BSFBT t %BUB GSPN EJGGFSFOU DPVOUSJFT BSF OPU OFDFTTBSJMZ DPNQBSBCMF BT EJGGFSFOU EFmOJUJPOT BOE UJNF GSBNFT IBWF been used. t %VF UP TQBDF DPOTUSBJOUT JO GPPUOPUFT UIF EBUB TPVSDF IBT CFFO TVNNBSJ[FE BT 1PMJDF 5SBOTQPSU PS )FBMUI JG UIF EBUB BSF GSPN UIF .JOJTUSZ PG *OUFSJPS .JOJTUSZ PG 5SBOTQPSU PS .JOJTUSZ PG )FBMUI SFTQFDUJWFMZ t 5IF QSPQPSUJPO PG EFBUIT XIFSF UIF TFY JT VOLOPXO IBT OPU CFFO SFQPSUFE JO UIF QSPmMFT In the charts presenting data on deaths by road user category QSPQPSUJPOT NBZ OPU TVN UP EVF UP SPVOEJOH 4PNF DPVOUSJFT DMBTTJGZ SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT BDDPSEJOH UP UIF WFIJDMF PS SPBE VTFS iBU GBVMUw SBUIFS UIBO BDDPSEJOH UP XIP EJFE PS VTF DBUFHPSJFT EJGGFSFOU GSPN UIPTF SFRVFTUFE JO UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF *O UIFTF DPVOUSJFT EFBUIT BNPOH WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST BSF FWFO NPSF MJLFMZ UP CF VOEFSSFQPSUFE The standard colour coding of the pie charts VTFE UP SFQSFTFOU UIF SPBE VTFS DBUFHPSJFT SFRVFTUFE JO UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF JT TIPXO CFMPX "EEJUJPOBM DBUFHPSJFT BSF SFQSFTFOUFE CZ OPO TUBOEBSE DPMPVST
● %SJWFST PG XIFFMFE WFIJDMFT ● 1BTTFOHFST PG XIFFMFE WFIJDMFT ● 0DDVQBOUT ESJWFST QBTTFOHFST XIFFMFE WFIJDMFT ● 3JEFST ESJWFST QBTTFOHFST PG NPUPSJ[FE PS XIFFMFST
● Cyclists ● Pedestrians ● 0UIFS ● 6OTQFDJmFE
Trend graphs BSF TIPXO FJUIFS BT SPBE USBGmD EFBUI SBUFT QFS QPQVMBUJPO PO B HSFFO CBDLHSPVOE PS BT BO BCTPMVUF OVNCFS PG SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT PO B CMVF CBDLHSPVOE EFQFOEJOH PO XIJDI mHVSFT XFSF TVQQMJFE CZ UIF DPVOUSZ %VF UP TQBDF DPOTUSBJOUT BO BSCJUSBSZ DVU PGG QPJOU PG XBT BQQMJFE UP UIF GFX DPVOUSJFT UIBU provided many decades of trend data. Where the primary source of information GPS CPUI UIF QJF BOE USFOE HSBQIT XBT OPU TUJQVMBUFE UIF TPVSDF IBT CFFO SFQPSUFE BT A$PVOUSZ RVFTUJPOOBJSF Information about the number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles BOE QSPQPSUJPOT PG WBSJPVT UZQFT PG TVDI WFIJDMFT 5IFTF QSPQPSUJPOT NBZ OPU TVN UP EVF UP SPVOEJOH *O TPNF DPVOUSJFT respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered.
48
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
AFGHANISTAN Population: 27 145 275 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $319
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Yes Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 835c 3 212d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
Yes Yes 50 km/h 10
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb Yes —
V
TA
10 No n/a n/a — n/a
E
BL
A AIL
O AN
T
DA
No n/a — n/a No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
E
BL
O AN
T
No car manufacturers
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
A AIL
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
49
731 607 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
59% 12% 20% 1% 8%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
ALBANIA Population: 3 190 012 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 290
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee of Road Safety No No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
384d (77% males, 23% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 344e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
9 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 5%b 8
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes 30% Frontc
Enforcementa
b c
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
8
12
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2006, Ministry of Transport
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Internal Affairs Ministry (Directory of Road Police). 1996, Citizen Society of Road Safety, data from pilot cities.
10 8 6 4 2 0
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Cyclists (6%)
10
Child restraints law a
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (24%)
Pedestrians (40%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Drink–driving law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (Road Police Directory) and Ministry of Transport (General Directory of Road Transport)
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
50
349 646 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
68% 7% 8% 12% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ANGOLA Population: 17 024 084 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 560
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
1 814c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
National Directorate of Road Traffic Yes
— Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government. c
Transport data, defined as died at the crash scene.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
— — — — — —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 2 500
No n/a
Enforcementb
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
Yes Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: National Directorate of Road Traffic
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
T
DA
No n/a — n/a
Child restraints law
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
5
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
E
BL
Yes Yes Yes —
Seat-belt law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
671 060 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
51
ARGENTINA Population: 39 531 115 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $6 050
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Agency Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
4 063d (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
174 339e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
Yes Yes Yes 13%b
Yes Yes 48%b, c
No n/a
4 500
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2005, Argentina National Risk Factor survey. Front seats only.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: The Health Statistics and Information Office, the Department of Policies, Regulation, and Institutes at the National Ministry of Health, Argentina
No (subnational) No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Number of road traffic deaths
Enforcementa
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Source: Ministry of Health Argentina, 2006
3
Child restraints law
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2-wheelers (10%)
Cyclists (6%)
Seat-belt law
b c
Pedestrians (19%)
1
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Occupants 3- and 4-wheelers (42%)
Unspecified (23%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Health data, defined as died at the scene of the crash. National Registry of Transit Records (RENAT) reported 4 175 deaths in 2007. Health data.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes No
12 399 887 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
52
ARMENIA Population: 3 002 271 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 640
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
371c (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 720d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, no specified time period. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 6%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Pedestrians (39%) Drivers 4-wheelers (34%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (26%) Cyclists (<1%)
5 Source: 2007, Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes — 3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
600
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia.
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
500 400 300 200 100 0 1992
1994
1996
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
No No
Source: Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia
REGISTERED VEHICLES POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
366 836 total (2007) Motorcars Buses Other
79% 7% 15% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
53
AUSTRALIA a
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 20 743 179 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $35 960 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government Yes
DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 616i (73% males, 27% females)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005–2006)
31 204j NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Costing study available
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
No (subnational) 0.05 g/dlc 0.0–0.02 g/dld n/a 30%e n/a
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational) Yesf Yesf — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb Enforcementb
c d e f g h
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health and Transport data, hospitalized cases only.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Pedestrians (13%) Cyclists (3%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (21%)
No (subnational) n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. No national limit, but all states and territories have a consistent BAC limit of 0.05 for general population. For young provisional drivers, all states and territories have a zero BAC requirement, with exception of one territory with a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl. 1999–2003, Transport data. No national law, but all states and territories require motorcycle helmets for all riders and compliance with a helmet standard. No national law, but all states and territories require the use of seat-belts by all vehicle occupants. 2006, Transport data, national survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
Source: 2007, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government: “Monthly Road Death Series”
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Drivers 4-wheelers (49%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%)
No (subnational) Yesg 97% Front, 92% Rearh n/a
Child restraints law b
i j
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
Yes (deaths and injuries)
No (subnationally) n/a n/a n/a
Speed limits set nationally
Yes Yes
Source: 2008, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
54
REGISTERED VEHICLES
14 774 921 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
78% 4% 15% 3% <1%
Data cleared by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government.
AUSTRIA Population: 8 360 746 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $42 700
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Austrian Road Safety Council Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
691e (77% males, 23% females)
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
53 211f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Statistics Austria, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Statistics Austria.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Cyclists (5%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (17%) Passengers 4-wheelers (14%)
Yes Yes 89% Front, 49% Reard
Yes
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on No Yes
2 500 Number of road traffic deaths
VEHICLE STANDARDS
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1982
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Statistics Austria. Some exceptions. 2007, Austrian Road Safety Board survey.
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs & Statistics Austria
7
Enforcementa
b c d
Pedestrians (16%)
9
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (45%)
Yes Yesc Yes 95%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (3%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 8%b 9
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No Yes
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Statistics Austria
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
5 796 973 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
73% 11% 14% <1% 2%
Data cleared by the Federal Ministry of Health, Family and Youth.
55
AZERBAIJAN Population: 8 467 167 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 550
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA State Road Police Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 107c (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
3 432d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Yes Yes 60 km/h 9 Yes 0.0 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 3%b 9 Yes Yes No —
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (28%)
Cyclists (1%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (31%)
Source: 2007, Head Department of State Road Police
Yes Yes — 9
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
1 400
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, State Road Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Pedestrians (38%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
9
Enforcementa a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No No
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Year
Yes Yes
Source: Azerbaijan Republic. Trend Data on Road Traffic Accidents in 1998–2006
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
56
REGISTERED VEHICLES
784 018 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
77% <1% 2% 16% 4% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BAHAMAS Population: 331 278 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $18 570
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Road Traffic Department Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
50d (90% males, 10% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
1 682e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 48 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 5%b 3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes 10–15%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
3
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (42%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (14%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%)
Source: Country questionnaire
0 Yes TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
0
100
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, from hospital reports. Estimation by consensus group.
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Cyclists (22%)
Yes Yes —
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
60 40 20 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
80
Source: Ministry of Health
REGISTERED VEHICLES — —
27 058 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport.
— Data not available.
57
BAHRAIN Population: 752 648 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $20 610
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA General Directorate of Traffic Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
91e (91% males, 9% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 415f Costing study available
Yes (deaths only) e f
Police data, defined as any death caused directly by road traffic injury, regardless of time period. General Directorate of Traffic data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb No 8%c
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
5
Seat-belt law
4
Enforcementa
b c d
Pedestrians (29%)
Cyclists (7%) Passengers 4-wheelers (20%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Source: 2007, General Directorate of Traffic
Yes No 22%d
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (39%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law. 2007, General Directorate of Traffic. 2008, Ministry of Works.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1998
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
14 Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: 2007, General Directorate of Traffic
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
382 977 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
81% 1% 13% <1% 2% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
58
BANGLADESH Population: 158 664 959 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 3 160c (89% males, 11% females)
National Road Safety Council No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2003)
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
403 000d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c
d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes No 25 km/h
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Respondents concerned this figure greatly underestimates the true number of deaths, citing example of Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2003, which estimated the annual number of deaths to be 13 200. 2003, Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Other (9%)
0
Drink–driving law
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%)
Yes Noneb Noneb No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%) Cyclists (3%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Yes Yes No —
Pedestrians (54%)
3
Seat-belt law
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: “National Road Traffic Accident Report 2006”, Bangladesh Road Transport Authority
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Child restraints law
No n/a
a b
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
4000 Number of road traffic deaths
Enforcementa
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
No No
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: “National Road Safety Action Plan 2008–2010,” National Road Safety Council
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
59
1 054 057 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
15% 62% 10% 6% 3% 4%
Data cleared by the Directorate General of Health Service.
BARBADOS Population: 293 891 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $11 290
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Funded in national budget
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
38c (62% males, 37% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 372d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Actual data collected by Royal Barbados Police Force.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2 Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5 Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
Pedestrians (18%) Drivers 4-wheelers (24%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Passengers 4-wheelers (50%)
8 Yes Yes —
Source: 2007, Royal Barbados Police Force
8 Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
LE
AB
VEHICLE STANDARDS
OT
N TA
No car manufacturers
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
IL VA
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
126 262 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
82% 2% 8% 4% <1% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, National Insurance and Social Security.
60
BELARUS Population: 9 688 795 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $4 220
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Standing Committee by Council of Ministers of Republic of Belarus, Ensuring Road Safety No Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 517c (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 991d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Ministry of Home Affairs, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Ministry of Home Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
6 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 13%b 7
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (9%)
Yes
Source: 2007, Ministry of Home Affairs
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
25
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Home Affairs.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
20 15 10 5 0 1989
Yes Yes
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
7
Child restraints law
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (23%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (24%)
Pedestrians (40%)
9
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
3 147 625 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
74% 12% 12% 1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
61
BELGIUM Population: 10 457 343 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $40 710
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee for Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 067d (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
65 850e Costing study available
No d e
Statistics Belgium, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Statistics Belgium estimate.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes — 3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesb Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
8
Occupants 4-wheelers (56%)
Pedestrians (10%) Cyclists (8%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%)
Source: 2007, Statistics Belgium
3
Enforcementa
b c
Other (5%)
Yes Yes 79% Front, 46% Rearc
Child restraints law a
Unspecified (6%)
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions. Belgian Road Safety Institute: 2007 observational study (front seats), 2006 self-report survey (rear seats).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35 Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971
No No
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
6 362 161 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Buses Trucks Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
62
79% 6% <1%% 10% 4%
Data cleared by the General Directorate for Mobility and Road Safety.
BELIZE Population: 287 699 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 800
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Committee No Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
68c (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
652d Costing study available
No c d
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data reported 47 deaths in 2006. Belize Institute of Statistics.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
1
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes — 3
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes No —
No n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Number of road traffic deaths
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions.
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Source: Belize Institute of Statistics
4
Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers (51%)
3
Child restraints law
b
Drivers (13%)
Yes Yesb Yes —
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (23%)
Cyclists (13%)
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: Ministry of Health, Epidemiology Unit
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
63
54 225 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BENIN Population: 9 032 787 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $570
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Centre for Road Safety Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
605b Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 251c Costing study available
No b c
Transport data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
2 Yes None None Yes —
Yes Yes No —
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (37%)
1
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Centre National de Sécurité Routière
No (subnational) n/a — n/a
Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 800 Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
a
Passengers 4-wheelers (24%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%) Pedestrians (25%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1991
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: National Road Safety Centre Database
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1993
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
64
222 850 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
67% 7% 11% 5% <1% 10%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BHUTAN Population: 658 479 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 770
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Safety and Transport Authority Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006 – 2007) 111c (93% males, 7% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006 – 2007)
724d Costing study available
No c d
Police data for 12-month time period, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data for 12-month time period.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes No 30 km/h
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No —
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
A AIL
V
TA
O AN
T
DA
9
Seat-belt law
Yes Yes — 4
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcementa a
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
E
BL
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number b
No Yesb
For free ambulance transport to hospital.
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
65
35 703 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
55% 21% 2% 13% <1% 9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BOLIVIA (Plurinational State of) Population: 9 524 568 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 260
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Inter-institutional Road Safety Council No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 073d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
13 481e Costing study available
No d e
National Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. National Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (10%)
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
Yes Yes No — No consensusc
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c
Pedestrians (35%)
4
Seat-belt law
a
Other (1%)
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. No consensus, but group agreed that enforcement is lax.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Source: 2007, National Police data
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
No n/a n/a n/a No n/a
Passengers 4-wheelers (49%)
Cyclists (1%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
2000
No No
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: National Police, National Statistics Institute
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
699 646 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
25% 5% 56% 11% 1% — 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Sports and the Bolivian National Police.
66
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Population: 3 934 816 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 790
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Communication and Transport of Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yesa Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Formally approved in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only (not in the Republic of Srpska).
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
428e Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 647f Costing study available
No e
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Pedestrians (24%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (23%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (38%)
Cyclists (6%)
6
Seat-belt law
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Srpska. Data for Republic of Srpska only
7
Child restraints law
c
Other (5%)
Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 7%c 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementb
Institute for Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (defined as died at the crash scene), and Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Srpska (defined as died within 30 days of the crash). Data from multiple sources.
Yes 5 TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Srpska (data for Republic of Srpska only).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards ond
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation d
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
67
675 063 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
85% 1% 9% 1% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
BOTSWANA Population: 1 881 504 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Funded in national budget
Department of Road Transport and Safety Yes
497d (72% males, 28% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
7 142e Costing study available
No d e
Transport data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
8
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, National Road Traffic Crash Database, based on occasional, non-comprehensive surveys. 2007, National Road Traffic Crash Database, rate among drivers and rear-seat passengers involved in a crash.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
35 Deaths per 100 000 population
a
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1982
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: National Road Traffic Crash Database
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT No No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Passengers 4-wheelers (48%)
Source: 2007, National Road Traffic Crash Database
7
Child restraints law
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Yes No 75%c
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Cyclists (2%)
9
Seat-belt law
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (23%)
Pedestrians (26%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 1%b 7
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
293 755 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
39% 1% 44% 5% <1% 10%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
68
BRAZIL Population: 191 790 929 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 910
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Traffic Department (DENATRAN) Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 35 155c (82% males, 18% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
407 685d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60–80 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 88% Front, 11% Rear 7
Passengers 4-wheelers (5%)
Other (37%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (20%)
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Cyclists (5%)
Pedestrians (28%)
Yes Yes 60%b
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (5%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2006, Ministry of Health Mortality Information System
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Data from Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
25 20 15 10 5 0 1981
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
30 Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
Health data (Mortality Information System), defined as died anytime after the crash. State Traffic Departments, National Traffic Department, Ministry of Cities data.
No No
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: Ministry of Health Mortality Information System
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
69
REGISTERED VEHICLES
49 644 025 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
61% 22% <1% 10% 4% 1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS a
a
Non WHO member-area.
Population: 23 000 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $43 686 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Funded in national budget
No (subnational) n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6d (67% males, 33% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
132e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day of the crash. Police records.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 32 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 4%c —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes 80%c
Source: 2007, Police department
7
Child restraints law
c
Passengers 4-wheelers (50%)
3
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (33%)
Yes — No —
Seat-belt law
Enforcementb
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (17%)
Yes TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police observational data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
6
4
2
0
— —
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Royal Virgin Islands Police Force
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
70
14 505 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Development.
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Population: 390 056 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $30 580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Brunei Darussalam Road Safety Council — Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
54c (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
556d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Yes No 80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 98%b
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
Source: Department of Investigations and Traffic Control, Royal Brunei Police Force
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
60 Number of road traffic deaths
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police data.
50 40 30 20 10 0
No No
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Department of Investigations and Traffic Control, Royal Brunei Police Force
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT No —
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
304 432 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Passengers 4-wheelers (30%)
Yes No 70% Frontb
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
9
Seat-belt law
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers (46%)
Cyclists (2%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
b
Pedestrians (9%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 3.7%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
a
Other (2%)
7
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
83% 4% 4% 1% <1% <1% 7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Communications.
71
BULGARIA Population: 7 638 831 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $4 590
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA State-Public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 006c (73% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
9 827d
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (26%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Interior
8
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
1 800 Number of road traffic deaths
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Interior.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Occupants 4-wheelers (65%)
7
Seat-belt law
b
Other (2%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 5%b 7
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
a
Unspecified (2%)
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Interior
No (subnational) Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
72
2 628 680 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
75% 3% 10% 1% 10% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BURKINA FASO Population: 14 784 291 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $430
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Office of Road Safety Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
619c (84% males, 16% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 359d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police and Health data, defined as died at the crash scene. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1
Other (13%)
Yes Noneb Noneb — —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes —
Pedestrians (34%) Source: Gendarmerie Nationale
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa
b
Occupants 4-wheelers (53%)
1
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
E
BL
O AN
T
No car manufacturers
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
A AIL
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
73
515 453 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Other
30% 31% 18% 9% 12%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BURUNDI Population: 8 508 232 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $110
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
65d 2 718e Costing study available
No d e
Health data, defined as died anytime after the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.1 g/dl 0.1 g/dl Yes 70%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1 Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
c
V
TA
O AN
T
DA
No (subnational) n/a 95% Front, 0% Rearc
Enforcementa
b
E
BL
A AIL
5
Child restraints law a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2005, Police Spéciale de Roulage et de la Sécurité Routière. Source and methodology not specified.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
59 486 total (1998 – June 2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Non-motorized vehicles
26% 19% 31% 5% 19%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and AIDS Control.
74
CAMBODIA Population: 14 443 679 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 545f (79% males, 20% females)
National Road Safety Committee Yes
25 858g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government. f g
Data from multiple sectors, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Data from multiple sectors.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl n/ac — n/ac
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Passengers 4-wheelers (11%)
Pedestrians (13%) Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (63%)
2
Seat-belt law
Yes No 0%e
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Accident Victims Information System (RTAVIS)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
Child restraints law
Yes
1 800
0
1 600 Number of road traffic deaths
c d e
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Yes No No 21%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
b
Other (4%)
1
Drink–driving law
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes No 40 km/h
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Regulations are in place, but not yet enforced. 2006, Ministry of Health observational study in Phnom Penh. Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
800 600 400
0
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1 200 1 000
200
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1 400
No No
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: 1995–2005, Ministry of Interior/Traffic Police; 2006–2007, Road Traffic Accident Victims Information System (RTAVIS)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
75
154 389 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Buses Trucks
9% 84% 4% <1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
CAMEROON Population: 18 549 176 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 050
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Ministry of Transport Yes
Funded in national budget
Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
990b Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 471c Costing study available Yes (deaths and injuries) b c
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Drivers 4-wheelers (15%) Cyclists (18%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No —
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (17%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (40%)
1
Seat-belt law
Source: Consensus group estimate, based on 2001 data
Yes No —
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1 600 Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Pedestrians (10%)
4
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0
No Yes
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
Year
1992
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1996
2000
2005
d d
Data for 2002 not provided. Source: Ministry of Transport
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
76
312 259 total (2005) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles
56% 21% 9% 8% 5% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport.
CANADA Population: 32 876 047 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $39 420
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Road Safety Directorate, Transport Canadaa Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
DATA
2 889h (68% males, 32% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
199 337i
With support and collaboration by the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators and its members.
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) NATIONAL LEGISLATION No (subnationally) Yes up to 70 km/h n/a
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
4
Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational) Yesd Yesd 99%e n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.0–0.04 g/dl Yes 30%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
h i
Other (1%) Pedestrians (13%)
Drivers 4-wheelers (54%)
Cyclists (3%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (7%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%)
No (subnational) Yesf 93% Front, 87% Rearg n/a
Source: Police-reported records of traffic collisions that occurred on public roads during 2006
Enforcementb b c d e f g
No (subnational) n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Coroners data compiled by Traffic Injury Research Foundation. No national law, but all provinces and territories require motorcycle helmets for all riders and compliance with a national helmet standard. 2006, Transport Canada’s National Traffic Collision Data file, rate among drivers and passengers involved in crashes occurring on public roads. No national law, but all provinces and territories require the use of seat-belts by all vehicle occupants. 2006, Transport Canada, Average for Rural and Urban Roads Surveys.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 35 Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
Source: Vital Statistics compiled by Ministry of Health, Labor and Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
77
REGISTERED VEHICLES
20 065 000 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
52% 3% 43% 3% <1%
Data cleared by the Public Health Agency of Canada.
CAPE VERDE Population: 530 437 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 430
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA General Directorate of Road Transport Yes Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
49d (70% males, 30% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
899e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes — 3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Nob No 90%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
8
Child restraints law
b c
T
DA
Yes No 80%c
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
V
TA
O AN
9
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
E
BL
A AIL
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Exceptions include children and the armed forces. Estimation by consensus group.
YEAR
NUMBER OF DEATHS
2006 2007
73 49
Source: Direçao Geral dos Transportes Rodoviários
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
— —
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
78
54 158 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
66% 8% 20% 5% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Internal Administration.
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Population: 4 342 735 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $380
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Directorate of Transport and Road Safety Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 583d (70% males, 30% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
225e Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government.
d e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash, from capital (Bangui) only. Transport data based on police reports.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Child restraints law
Enforcementb b c
O AN
T
DA
3
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
A AIL
V
TA
Yes Yesc Yes —
E
BL
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Yes No — TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3 No (subnational) n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
79
5 834 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks
21% 77% <1% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Population and HIV/AIDS and the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation.
CHAD Population: 10 780 571 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Commission on Road Safety Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
840d (70% males, 30% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
4 536e Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government. d e
Transport and Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Directorate General for Surface Transport.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb 0
Yes Yes No 51%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
T
DA
Yes Yes 1% Front, <1% Rearc TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
c
V
O AN
4
Seat-belt law
b
E
BL
A AIL
TA
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Estimation by consensus group.
E
BL
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
80
124 088 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Non-motorized vehicles
16% 52% 20% 9% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
CHILE Population: 16 634 760 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $8 350
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Traffic Safety Commission (CONASET) Yes Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
2 280e (79% males, 21% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
50 010f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Health data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.5 g/dl 0.5 g/dl Yes 21%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 100%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (3%) Cyclists (6%)
Pedestrians (40%)
Source: 2006, National Institute of Statistics/Ministry of Health/Civil Registry
Yes Yes 50% Front, 42% Reard
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
16
Yes 4
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
b c d
Other (27%)
3
Child restraints law a
Passengers 4-wheelers (13%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (12%)
5
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. National Police of Chile data for 2007. National Traffic Safety Commission (CONASET) data for 2005 for greater Santiago only. National Traffic Safety Commission (CONASET) data for 2007 conducted in multiple cities.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
No car manufacturers
1991
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Year
No Yes
Source: National Institute of Statistics/Ministry of Health/Civil Registry
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
81
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 824 570 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
61% 2% 28% 5% 2% 2% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
CHINA Population: 1 336 317 116 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 360
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Inter-Ministerial Convention on Road Traffic Safety Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
89 455e (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
431 139f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes 30-50 km/h
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8 Other (14%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
8 Yes Yes Yes 16%c No consensus
Enforcementa
b c d
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS No Formal audits required for major new road construction projects No consensus Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Cyclists (9%) Source: Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorbikes (28%)
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Police data. Zhang J, Zhuo J, Chen NA. Study of motorcycle helmet use in Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention, 2004, 8(6):512–515. 2005–2006, Study in Guangzhou City and Nanning City.
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Pedestrians (26%)
Yes Yes 50%d No consensus
Child restraints law a
Passengers of cars (17%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
Drivers passenger vehicles (5%)
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 4%b
Source: Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
82
145 228 994 total (2006) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
COLOMBIA Population: 46 155 958 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 250
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Ministry of Transportation Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2001)
5 409d (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
38 727e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Other (5%)
Yes 0.04 g/dl 0.04 g/dl Yes 3%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (11%) Pedestrians (34%)
Yes Yes Yes 97%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (36%)
6
Seat-belt law
Cyclists (8%)
Yes Yes 82%c
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
Source: 2007, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 25
3
Deaths per 100 000 population
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (6%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences.
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Transportation (SIAT-RNAT). 2007–2008 Road Prevention Fund. Use of helmets that meet a regulatory standard: 70%.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
20 15 10 5 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
No Yes
Source: Ministry of Transportation, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Road Prevention Fund
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes —
83
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 951 225 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
36% 39% 17% 4% 3% <1% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Social Protection.
COMOROS Population: 839 187 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $680
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Directorate for Road Safety, Circulation and Regulation Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
12d (70% males, 30% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
120e Costing study available
No d e
Military Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Military Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 30 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb Yes 4%c
Drivers 4-wheelers (17%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
No n/a n/a — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Passengers 4-wheelers (58%)
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa
b c
Pedestrians (17%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2007, Gendarmerie
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law. 2007, National Military Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
TA
No car manufacturers
O AN
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
IL VA
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
84
22 378 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks
86% 6% 5% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Solidarity and Gender Equality.
CONGO Population: 3 768 086 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Funded in national budget
Directorate General for Land Transport Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
214b (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 506c Costing study available
No b c
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl — — —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
OT
N TA
AV
DA
Yes No — 3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa a
E
BL
A AIL
4
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
E
BL
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
85
100 000 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
56% 3% 31% 5% <1% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Social Affairs and Family and the Ministry of Security and Public Order.
COOK ISLANDS Population: 13 325 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $13 098
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Police Department Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
5b (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
382c Costing study available
No b c
Health data (Rarotonga only), defined as died at the crash scene. Police and health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Yes 0.04 g/dl 0.04 g/dl — —
No n/a n/a — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1991
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Source: 2007, Ministry of Health Annual Statistical Bulletin
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (40%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (60%)
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire, Rarotonga only
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
10 692 total (2006–2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
86
COSTA RICA Population: 4 467 625 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 560
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Council on Road Safety (COSEVI) Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
710c (82% males, 18% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
19 903d Costing study available
No c d
Judicial Branch data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. National Institute of Insurance.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes No 40 km/h 6
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
Yes Yes No —
Source: 2007, Judicial Branch
Yes 6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. National survey conducted in 2004.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Cyclists (9%)
7
Child restraints law
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (18%)
Yes Yes 82%b
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Pedestrians (33%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (20%)
6
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (20%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Deaths per 100 000 population
Speed limits set nationally
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
No No
Yeare e Data for 2001 not provided. Source: Council on Road Safety (COSEVI). National Institute for Statistics and Census (Vital Statistics)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
87
797 902 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport.
CROATIA Population: 4 555 398 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $10 460
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Yes Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
619d 25 092e Costing study available
— d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (19%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (21%)
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
1 800
5 Number of road traffic deaths
b c
Pedestrians (20%)
Yes Yes 45%c
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Enforcement
Drivers 4-wheelers (29%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
Other (7%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 30%b 7
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Interior. 2004, Ministry of Interior.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0
Yes Yes
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
2002
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1997
Source: Ministry of Interior
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
1 949 936 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
77% 8% 9% <1% 6%
Data cleared by the National Institute of Public Health.
88
CUBA Population: 11 267 883 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $4 571
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Highway and Transportation Commission Funded in national budget No
Lead agency
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 994f (79% males, 21% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 507g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. National Transportation Directorate data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes 30%c 4
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No 95%d 8
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Enforcementa
b c d e
Occupants 4-wheelers (18%)
Other (8%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (12%)
Bus passengers (3%)
Cyclists (14%) Pedestrians (33%)
Yes No 70% Fronte
Child restraints law a
Unspecified (12%)
8 No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2007, Forensic Medicine Institute, Ministry of Public Health. 2007, National Transportation Directorate, Ministry of Internal Affairs. 2007, National Transportation Directorate, Ministry of Internal Affairs, only applies to cars with seatbelts or those manufactured after 2001.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Ministry of Health
Deaths per 100 000 population
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1972
No No
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: National Statistics Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, 2006–2007
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
89
REGISTERED VEHICLES
658 003 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
36% 33% 13% 13% 3% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
CYPRUS Population: 854 671 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $24 940
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Road Safety Council Yes
Funded in national budget
89f (84% males, 16% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
2 119g Costing study available
Yes (deaths only) f g
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 18%b 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesc Yes 68% Driversd
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (28%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (14%)
Source: 2007, Police records
Yes Yes 81% Front, 9% Reare
Enforcementa
b c d e
Drivers 4-wheelers (37%)
5
7
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (18%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
180
3 Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police records. Some exceptions. 2007, Police in cooperation with the Government Statistical Service, 56% passengers. 2007, Police records, national observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
No car manufacturers
1971
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
160
No Yes
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
592 480 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
90
69% 7% 18% 2% 1% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
CZECH REPUBLIC Population: 10 186 330 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $14 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Ministry of Transport Yes
Funded in national budget
1 222e (77% males, 23% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
23 060f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (10%)
Yes Yes Yes 97% Driversc
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
9
Source: 2007, Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Directorate of Traffic Branch
8 Yes
Enforcementa
b c d
Passengers 4-wheelers (18%)
Yes Yes 90% Front, 80% Reard
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (41%)
Pedestrians (19%)
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Czech Police. 2007, Czech Police, 85% for passengers. 2006, Transport Research Centre.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (1%)
Yes 0.0 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 3%b 9
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1972
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
1977
1982
1987
1992
Yes No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
2002
2007
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1997
Year
Yes Yes
91
REGISTERED VEHICLES
5 455 110 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
75% 15% 9% <1% 1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Population: 62 635 723 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $140
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Committee Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
281c (61% males, 31% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 478d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene, Kinshasa only. Police and health data, Kinshasa only.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
7
Enforcementa
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (35%) Pedestrians (59%)
Yes No 80% Front, 40% Rearb
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (5%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (1%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Police, National Road Safety Committee
7 No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, estimated based on fines given out by the Road Traffic Police.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
OT
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
No car manufacturers
Yes Yes
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
92
311 781 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Population: 9 759 664 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 550
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 414d (83% males, 17% females)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 121e Costing study available
No d e
National Police and General Ground Travel Bureau data, defined as died at the crash scene. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 35 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2 Motorcycle helmet law
Yes — Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (42%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (45%)
Yes No 55–60% Frontc
Source: 2007, General Ground Travel Bureau
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
2
Seat-belt law
a
Pedestrians (5%)
2
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2006, General Ground Travel Bureau, study involving drivers and front-seat passengers only.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS YEAR
DEATHS
2005 2006 2007
1 366 1 386 1 414
No car manufacturers Source: Country questionnaire
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
93
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 121 244 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
28% 44% 8% 16% 2% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
ECUADOR Population: 13 341 197 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 080
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The National Commission of Ground Transit and Transportation Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 1 801c (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
9 511d
— — —
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
National Institute of Statistics and Census data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. National Institute of Statistics and Census data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Occupants 4-wheelers (14%)
3
Drink–driving law
Yes Yes 30% Front, 10% Rearb
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
2003
2004
2006
Year
e No data supplied for 2002. Source: National Directorate of Transit, Department of Archives and Statistics; Guayas Transit Commission
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No n/a
961 556 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
94
2005
e
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 2001
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, National Directorate of Ground Transit and Transportation.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2006, National Institute of Statistics and Census
3
Enforcementa
b
Pedestrians (43%)
2
Child restraints law a
Cyclists (<1%)
Yes Yes No —
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (42%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 9%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
38% 9% 43% 8% 1% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
EGYPT Population: 75 497 913 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Council for Road Safety Yes Yes No No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 12 295d (70% males, 30% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
154 000e Costing study available
No d e
Health data, defined as died at the crash scene. 2007, Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Noneb Noneb No —
Yes No No 70% Passengersc 6 Yes No 70% Driversc
Enforcementa
b c
Occupants 4-wheelers (48%)
Other (30%)
4
Child restraints law a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Pedestrians (20%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (<1%)
Cyclists (2%)
Source: 2005, National Information Center for Health & Population
7 No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2003, Ministry of Interior.
No No
O AN
A AIL
V
TA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
95
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 300 000 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
60% 19% 18% 2% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Population.
EL SALVADOR Population: 6 857 328 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 850
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Deputy Ministry of Transportation Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 493c (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes No No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
11 655d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 4%b
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (4%)
6
Seat-belt law
2008, Institute of Forensic Medicine, compared with data of the National Civil Police and the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare
Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Assistant Director’s Office of Ground Transportation, National Civil Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
25 20 15 10 5 0
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
30 Deaths per 100 000 population
b
Passsengers 4-wheelers (18%)
Pedestrians (63%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (9%)
Other (4%)
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
Forensic Medicine, Police and Health data, defined as died anytime after the crash. Health data.
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Data for 1970 to 1998, General Bureau of Statistics and Census. Data for 1999 to 2007, Forensic Statistics Section of the Institute of Forensic Medicine.
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
96
630 638 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
45% 7% 38% 7% 1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
ERITREA Population: 4 850 763 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $230
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport and Communication Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
84d (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 453e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 1.2%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
9
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 2
Number of road traffic deaths
b c
T
DA
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
O AN
A AIL
V
TA
Yes Yesc No — 9
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Traffic Police archive. Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1992
1995
1998
2001
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2007
Source: Land and Transport Department
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
2004
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
E
BL
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
No n/a
97
REGISTERED VEHICLES
60 849 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
51% 5% 21% 16% 3% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ESTONIA Population: 1 335 333 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $13 200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Road Safety Committee of the Government of the Republic of Estonia Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
196d (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 270e
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Estonian National Road Administration data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Estonian National Road Administration data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 48%b 8
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (27%)
Source: 2007, Estonian National Road Administration
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Estonian National Road Administration. 2007, “Traffic Behaviour Monitoring”.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS No Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%)
9
Enforcementa
b c
Cyclists (9%)
Yes Yes 90% Front, 68% Rearc
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (39%)
Pedestrians (19%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Estonian National Road Administration
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
98
708 794 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
74% 2% 11% 1% 12%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Social Affairs.
ETHIOPIA Population: 83 099 190 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $220
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
National Road Safety Committee Yes
2 517d (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
24 792e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data adjusted by comparing with health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Other (1%)
2
Drink–driving law
Yes Noneb Noneb No 10%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1 Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (55%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (<1%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
4.0
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Federal Police Commission Annual Report
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2007, Consensus group estimate.
No No
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 1998
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers 4-wheelers (37%)
No (subnational) n/a 20%c n/a
Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (6%)
No (subnational) n/a n/a 60%c n/a
Child restraints law a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No No
Source: Country questionnaire
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
244 257 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
29% 3% 34% 27% 7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
99
FIJI Population: 838 698 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 800
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Yes Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
59e (78% males, 22% females) 663f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 27%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 90%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (49%)
Yes Yes 95% Front, 70% Reard
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Fiji Police
9 Yes TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
120
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Fiji Police. Estimation by consensus group. 2007, Fiji Police.
Number of road traffic deaths
b c d
Pedestrians (25%)
10
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (26%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
100 80 60 40 20 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Fiji Police
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
100
78 833 total (2008) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Women and Social Welfare.
FINLAND Population: 5 276 892 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $44 400
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport and Communications of Finland Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
380f (73% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 446g
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
g
Yes Yes 50 km/h 7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 24%b 8
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesc Yes 95% Driversd
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (18%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes Yes
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1986
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: “Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland
Yes
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
7
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Drivers 4-wheelers (52%)
Cyclists (6%)
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Road Traffic Accidents 2007, Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland. Some exceptions. Estimation by consensus group. 2007, Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland, data for rear-seat passengers apply to urban areas only.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (13%)
Yes Yes 89% Front, 80% Reard
Enforcementa
b c d e
Other (1%)
9
Child restraints law a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
“Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. “Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland.
Yes Yes
101
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year Source: “Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 656 370 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
61% 8% 2% <1% 29%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
FRANCE Population: 61 647 375 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $38 500
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Road Safety Task Force Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
4 620e (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
77 007f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yesc Yes 95%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
Drivers 4-wheelers (43%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (25%)
7
Passengers 4-wheelers (16%)
Yes Yes 98% Front, 83% Rearb
Yes TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
40
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR). Some exceptions. 2006, ONISR, Observational study, data apply to motorcyclists (99% for moped riders).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR)
8
Child restraints law
b c d
Pedestrians (12%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (1%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 27%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR) data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR) data.
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1972
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
102
REGISTERED VEHICLES
39 926 000 total (2006–2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
77% 6% 14% 1% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Interministerial Road Safety Task Force.
GAMBIA Population: 1 708 681 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Roads Authority Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
56c (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
387d Costing study available
No c d
Police and health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Actual data from the Gambia Police Force and Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
4
Enforcementa
b
AV
Yes Yes —
Child restraints law a
N TA
A AIL
4
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
OT
Yes Yes Yes —
E
BL
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
E
BL
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
103
14 450 total (2007) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
61% 12% 6% 7% 14%
Data cleared by the Department of State for Works, Construction and Infrastructure.
GEORGIA Population: 4 395 420 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 120
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Transport Commission —
737c (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
7 349d Costing study available
No c d
Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 20 days of the crash. Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h 8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl No 37%b
Yes Yes No —
Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
a
Enforcement
7
1 400
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia
8
Child restraints law
b
Unspecified (72%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
Pedestrians (28%)
9
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (<1%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Drink–driving law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No No (subnational)
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
104
567 900 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
83% <1% 10% 7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs.
a
GERMANY a
Questionnaire completed by the Federal Highway Research Institute BASt (no consensus meeting).
Population: 82 599 471 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $38 860
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Federal Ministry for Traffic, Building and Housing Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
4 949e (73% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
431 419f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Federal Statistics Office data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Federal Statistics Office data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h —
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 12%c —
Yes Yes Yes 97% Drivers, 96% Passengersd —
Enforcementb
Pedestrians (14%)
Yes —
Drivers 4-wheelers (43%)
Cyclists (10%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (18%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (15%) Source: 2006, Federal Statistics Office
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 16
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of BASt, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Federal Statistics Office. 2007, Federal Highway Research Institute.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Deaths per 100 000 population
c d
Other (1%)
Yes Yes 95–96% Front, 88% Reard —
Child restraints law b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1991
No Yes
1994
1997
2000
Source: Federal Statistics Office
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2003
Yes Yes
105
REGISTERED VEHICLES
55 511 374 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
84% 7% 8% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Federal Highway Research Institute BASt.
GHANA Population: 23 478 394 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $590
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Commission Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
1 856b (73% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
14 492c Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) b c
National Road Safety Commission data (based on police reports), defined as died within 30 days of the crash. National Road Safety Commission data (based on police reports).
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2 Motorcycle helmet law
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: National Road Safety Commission, “Road Traffic Accident Statistics 2006”
2
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
12 Deaths per 100 000 population
0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Cyclists (4%)
3
Seat-belt law
Passengers 4-wheelers (35%)
Pedestrians (42%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Other (2%)
2
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Yes No
10 8 6 4 2 0 1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: Building and Road Research Institute
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
106
931 642 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
53% 16% 8% 9% 13% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Transportation.
GREECE Population: 11 146 918 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $29 630
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
Yes Yes No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
1 657e (82% males, 18% females) 20 675f Costing study available
No e f
National Statistical Service data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (35%)
Cyclists (1%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (30%)
7
Passengers 4-wheelers (15%)
Yes Yes 75% Front, 42% Reard
Enforcementa
Source: 2006, National Statistical Service
7
Child restraints law
b c d
Pedestrians (16%)
7
Yes Yesc Yes 58% Drivers, 32% Passengersd
Seat-belt law
a
Other (2%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 7.2%b
Yes 6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Road Traffic Police and Port Police Authorities, drivers involved in fatal crashes. Some exceptions. 2006, Road Traffic Police and Port Police Authorities, includes only people involved in reported road traffic crashes.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2 500 Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
Yes —
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: National Statistical Service
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
107
7 212 236 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
65% 17% 17% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity.
GUATEMALA Population: 13 353 911 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 305
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of the Interior, Department of Transit of the National Civil Police Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2004) 581b (74% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2004)
2 586c
No (subnational) n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
No b c
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
3
Source: 2004, National Civil Police, Institute of National Statistics
Yes No —
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
Child restraints law
400
No n/a
Enforcementa a
Passengers and unspecified (49%)
Yes Yes No —
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers (28%)
Pedestrians (23%)
No (subnational) n/a n/a n/a — n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes 10–90 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
National Statistical Institute data (mainly from police records), defined as died at the crash scene. National Statistical Institute data (mainly from police records).
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
2000
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year Source: Vital Statistics
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
108
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 613 796 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other Unspecified
28% 24% 11% 7% 5% <1% 23% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
GUINEA-BISSAU Population: 1 695 043 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
117c — Costing study available
No c
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Noneb Noneb No — 3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
OT
No n/a n/a — n/a
E
BL
N TA
A AIL
AV
DA
No n/a — n/a TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law a
Enforcement a b
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
IL VA
A
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
109
57 839 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
73% 9% 17% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
GUYANA Population: 737 906 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 300
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Ministry of Home Affairs Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 207c (74% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
1 356d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as death resulting from injuries due to a road accident event (time period not specified). Ministry of Home Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes — —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Passsengers 4-wheelers (25%)
Pedestrians (30%)
Cyclists (16%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
5
Seat-belt law
Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Guyana Police Force – Traffic Headquarters
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 0
250
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions.
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (10%)
Yes Yesb No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Other (3%)
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes No 48 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
150 100 50 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
200
Source: Traffic Headquarters
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes n/a
110
127 825 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Other
35% 29% 15% 7% 14%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
HONDURAS Population: 7 106 001 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 600
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Council Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 974e (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 156f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
National Transit Bureau data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Ministry of Security and Ministry of Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Other (9%)
3
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.07 g/dl 0.07 g/dl Yes 8%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
4
Yes Yes No 60% Drivers, 40% Passengersc 5
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Enforcementa
b c d
Drivers 4-wheelers (21%)
Cyclists (5%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Passsengers 4-wheelers (51%)
Yes Yes 80% Front, 10% Reard
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (9%)
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, National Transit Bureau, proportion of fatal crashes due to alcohol. 2007, National Transit Bureau/Ministry of Security. 2007, National Transit Bureau.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, National Transit Bureau/Ministry of Security
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2003
Yes Yes
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Forensic Medicine Bureau/Public Ministry
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
111
REGISTERED VEHICLES
786 682 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
62% 12% 11% 10% 4% 1% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of State Health.
HUNGARY Population: 10 029 683 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $11 570
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee for Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 232e (74% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
27 452f Costing study available
Yes (deaths only) e f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 95%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
9
Drivers 4-wheelers (34%)
Cyclists (12%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (10%) Passengers 4-wheelers (21%)
Yes Yes 71% Front, 40% Reard 4
Source: 2007, Traffic Accidents 2006 Yearbook
Child restraints law
Yes 4
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Central Statistical Office. Estimation by consensus group, drivers and passengers. 2007, Observational study.
30
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
b c d
Pedestrians (23%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (1%)
Yes 0.0 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 12%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1970
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
112
REGISTERED VEHICLES
3 625 386 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
83% 4% 12% 1% 1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ICELAND Population: 301 006 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $54 100
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA The Road Traffic Directorate Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
30e (67% males, 33% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
2 092f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION f
Yes Yes 50 km/h 7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 20%b 7
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No 95%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (10%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Drivers 4-wheelers (53%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (32%)
Yes Yes 88% Front, 68% Reard 8
Source: The Road Traffic Directorate yearly report 1998–2007
Yes
Enforcementa
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, The Road Traffic Directorate. Estimation by consensus group, drivers and passengers. 2007, National telephone survey conducted by Capacent Gallup.
18 Deaths per 100 000 population
b c d
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8
Child restraints law a
Statistics Iceland Mortality Coding Register data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Icelandic Accident Register data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1972
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
1977
1982
1987
1992
2007
Source: Road Traffic Directorate
No (subnational) No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
2002
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
1997
Yes Yes
113
REGISTERED VEHICLES
293 299 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
71% 5% 7% 3% <1% 14%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
INDIA Population: 1 169 015 509 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $950
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Department of Road Transport and Highways Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
No (subnationally) Yes n/a n/a
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Passenger cars and taxis (15%)
Other (29%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (27%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesc Yes —
Pedestrians (13%)
Cyclists (4%)
2
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Unspecified (11%)
Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Speed limits set nationally
Source: “Road Accidents in India 2006.” Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways
Yes Yes —
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2
Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementb
c
452 922e
Not formally endorsed by government.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
b
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
120 000 Number of road traffic deaths
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 105 725d (84% males, 16% females)
100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 2002
2003
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2006
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
2005
Source: National Crime Records Bureau
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2004
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Yes Yes
114
72 718 000 total (2004) Trucks and Lorries Light motor vehicles (goods and passengers) Buses Two wheelers Cars, jeeps and taxis Tractors and trailers Other
3% 5% 1% 71% 13% 6% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
INDONESIA Population: 231 626 978 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 650
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 16 548e (73% males, 23% females)
National Cabinet Yes
Funded in national budget
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
66 040f Costing study available
Yes (deaths only) e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes 70 km/h
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
Other (4%)
Drink–driving law
No n/a n/a n/a — n/a
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yesb Yes 93%c
Passengers 4-wheelers (4%)
Pedestrians (15%)
Cyclists (13%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (61%)
7
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (3%)
Yes No 85%d
Source: 2008, National Police. Based on data collected in 3 provinces, deaths at the crash scene only
7
Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS b c d
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions. 2007, National rate estimated from study of helmet wearing in 31 cities in 10 provinces. 2005, Jakarta survey.
18 000
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes No
Number of road traffic deaths
a
16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
Year Source: National Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
115
63 318 522 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
15% 73% 8% 4% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
IRAN (Islamic Republic of) Population: 71 208 384 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Headquarter for Transportation and Fuel Management Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007–2008 Iranian Calendar) 22 918e (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007–2008 Iranian Calendar)
685 611f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) NATIONAL LEGISLATION
e f
Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (16%)
Yes Yes Yes 13–15%c 6
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law a
Enforcement
b c d
Unspecified (11%)
Pedestrians (33%)
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1
Forensic Medicine data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data.
Yes Yes 75–80%d 8
Passengers 4-wheelers (29%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%) Source: 1998, Forensic Medicine Organization
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law. 2008, Traffic Police, 20–25% drivers, 3–4% passengers. 2007, Traffic Police.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
116
REGISTERED VEHICLES
17 000 000 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
48% 37% <1% 5% <1% 9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
IRAQ Population: 28 993 374 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 646
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Supreme Council Road Safety No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No (subnational) n/a n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2005) 1 789b (83% males, 17% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
7 467c Costing study available
No b
c
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology and Police Statistics, defined as died within 7 days of the crash, excludes Kurdistan region. Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology and Police Statistics, excludes Kurdistan region.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 100 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
OT
Child restraints law a
Enforcement
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
A AIL
AV
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 35 25 20 20 15 10 5 0
No No
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year Source: Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, data since 1990 exclude Kurdistan region
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
N TA
No n/a n/a — n/a Yes Yes — 8
E
BL
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
117
2 242 269 total (2006) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
35% 53% 7% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
IRELAND Population: 4 300 902 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $48 140
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Road Safety Authority Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Yes Yes —
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
365d (72% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
8 575e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Road Safety Authority data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Road Safety Authority data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h No consensus
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes — — No consensus
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Enforcementa
b c
Yes No consensus
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Based on Bedford D, McKeown N, Vellinga A, Howell F (2006) “Alcohol in fatal road crashes in Ireland in 2003” – Population Health Directorate, Health Service Executive. 2006, Road Safety Authority Seat Belt Wearing Survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%) Source: “Road Safety Authority, Road Collision Facts Ireland 2006”
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year Source: “Road Safety Authority, Road Collision Facts Ireland 2006”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
— Data not available.
Drivers 4-wheelers (40%)
Pedestrians (20%)
Yes Yes 86% Front, 63% Rearc No consensus
Child restraints law a
Other (8%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 37%b No consensus
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes
118
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 444 159 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
76% 2% 16% 2% <1% 4%
Data cleared by the Department of Transport.
ISRAEL Population: 6 927 677 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $21 900
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA National Road Safety Authority Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
398e (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
2 079f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 8%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No 95%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
9
Enforcementa
b c d
Passengers 4-wheelers (27%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Yes Yes 94% Drivers, 88% Front passengers, 45% Reard
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli Police
8
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (31%)
Cyclists (2%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 800
5
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Israeli Police. 2006, Observational study conducted by the National Road Safety Authority, drivers and passengers. 2007, Observational study conducted by the National Road Safety Authority.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (32%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1972
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
119
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 283 634 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
78% 4% 14% 2% 1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ITALY Population: 58 876 834 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $33 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA General Directorate for Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
5 669d (77% males, 23% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
332 995e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Motorcycle helmet law
7
Drivers 4-wheelers (32%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (26%) Passengers 4-wheelers (17%)
Yes Yes 65% Front, 10% Rearc
Enforcementa
Source: ISTAT (National Statistics Office) and ACI (Automobile Club d’Italia)
7 Yes 7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions. 2007, SISTEMA ULISSE Monitoraggio Nazionale sull’uso dei dispositivi di sicurezza.
8 000
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
Child restraints law
b c
Pedestrians (13%) Cyclists (6%)
Yes Yesb Yes 60%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Other (6%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes No consensus
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
ISTAT (National Statistics Office) and ACI (Automobile Club d’Italia) data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. ISTAT and ACI data.
7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: ISTAT (National Statistics Office) and ACI (Automobile Club d’Italia)
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
120
43 262 992 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
83% 13% 3% <1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
JAMAICA Population: 2 713 779 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 710
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Council Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 350c (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
14 069d Costing study available
No c c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2 Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 7% Drivers, 6% Passengersb 3
Enforcementa
b
Cyclists (8%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Source: 2007, Police Traffic Headquarters, Jamaica Constabulary Force
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Passsengers 4-wheelers (29%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2000, Healthy Lifestyle Survey.
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Pedestrians (31%)
Yes Yes 69% Drivers, 62% Passengersb 5
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (23%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
121
320 000 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
JAPAN Population: 127 966 709 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $37 670
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Central Traffic Safety Policy Council Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 639f (68% males, 32% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
1 034 445g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb Child restraints law
Enforcementb a b c d
g
Yes Yes n/aa No consensus Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 8%c No consensus Yes Yes Yes — No consensus
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Passengers 4-wheelers (9%) Cyclists (13%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (18%)
Yes Yes 95%–99% Driversd No consensus Yes No consensus
Different system of road classification used. Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police data. 2007, National Police Agency/Japan Automobile Foundation.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Source: 2006, Police data
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 25 20 15 10 5
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
0
Yes Yes
1971
1991
1996
2001
2006
REGISTERED VEHICLES No consensus Yes
Some irregular or informal safety checks are conducted.
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
1986
Noe Noe
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
1981
Source: Vital Statistics compiled by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
e
1976
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers (28%)
Pedestrians (32%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Speed limits set nationally
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Vital statistics data (2006): 8 195 deaths, defined using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Police data.
Yes Yes
122
91 378 636 total (2006h & 2008i) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other h i
63% 14% 18% <1% 5%
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (data on motor-driven cycles and small-sized special motor vehicles). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
JORDAN Population: 5 924 245 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 850
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Road Safety Council No
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
992d (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
17 969e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
d e
Public Security Directorate/Jordan Traffic Institute data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Public Security Directorate/Jordan Traffic Institute data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50–80 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl — —
Source: Country questionnaire
Yes No 65% Drivers, 10% Front passengersc
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Jordan Traffic Institute.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1989
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Deaths per 100 000 population
5
Enforcementb
c
Passengers 4-wheelers (39%)
4
Child restraints law b
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (<1%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (36%)
Pedestrians (25%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No No
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
123
841 933 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
65% <1% 12% 18% 2% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
a
KAZAKHSTAN a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 15 421 861 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 060
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Police Department Yes Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
4 365d (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
32 988e Costing study available
— d e
Ministry of Internal Affairs, Health Ministry and Statistics Agency, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes 3%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c
Unspecified (84%)
5
Seat-belt law
a
Pedestrians (16%)
10
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs
Yes Yes — 7 Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
E
BL
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
124
3 105 954 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles
79% 2% 13% 3% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Traumotology and Orthopedics Scientific Research Institute.
KENYA Population: 37 537 716 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $680
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Ministry of Transport Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 893c (72% males, 28% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
12 470d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Drivers 4-wheelers (9%)
Yes Noneb Noneb No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2 Motorcycle helmet law
Passengers 4-wheelers (33%)
Pedestrians (47%)
No n/a n/a — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (9%)
Seat-belt law
Yes Yes —
Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
Source: 2007, Traffic Police
3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
1970
Yes No
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Year Source: Kenya Traffic Police Department
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No n/a
1 004 243 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
125
56% 18% 11% 10% 2% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation.
KIRIBATI Population: 95 067 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 170
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Kiribati Police Service No
Funded in national budget
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
7c (84% males, 16% females)d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
— Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. 1999–2006, health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2
No n/a n/a — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (44%) Passengers 4-wheelers (13%)
Source: 2007, Emergency Accident Record Book, Ministry of Health and Medical Services
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
1
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2003–2008, Kiribati Police Service.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
18 Number of road traffic deaths
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (38%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 30%b
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Pedestrians (6%)
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Kiribati Police Service, data for South Tarawa, Betio and referral cases from other islands
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
126
16 000 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
60% 13% 22% 5% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Services.
KUWAIT Population: 2 851 144 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $40 114
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 482c (62% males, 38% females)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 584d Costing study available
No c d
Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 45 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No —
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
Enforcementa
b
AV
Yes No —
Child restraints law a
OT
N TA
A AIL
3
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
9
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
E
BL
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
127
1 364 790 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
55% <1% 35% 7% 2% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
KYRGYZSTAN Population: 5 316 543 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $590
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Commission of Traffic Accident Prevention to the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic No Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 252c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
6 223d Costing study available
No c d
Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Pedestrians (43%)
Yes Yes No — 7
Seat-belt law
Yes No — 5
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
b
Drivers (23%)
4
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Other (1%)
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Passengers (32%)
Cyclists (1%)
Source: 2007, Central Administration of Road Safety to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republican Medical Information Center to the Ministry of Public Health of the Kyrgyz Republic
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
YEAR
NUMBER OF DEATHS
2006 2007
1 051 1 252
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
128
318 581 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Executive Director of Road Safety Under the Kyrgyz Government.
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Population: 5 859 393 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Public Works and Transport No Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
608f Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 714g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 48%b
Enforcementa
Yes Yes — n/ae
DA
450
No n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
400
0
No car manufacturers
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: Ministry of Communication, Transport, Post and Construction
REGISTERED VEHICLES No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
A
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2000–2007, Police data. Some exceptions. 2007, Handicap International Belgium, survey conducted in Vientiane. Law not yet enforced.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
IL VA
6
Child restraints law
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
OT
N TA
Yes Yesc No 77% Drivers, 87% Passengersd
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b c d e
LE
AB
3
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data.
No n/a
129
641 081 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
2% 79% 14% 3% 1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
LATVIA Population: 2 277 040 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $9 930
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Traffic Safety Council Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
407e (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
5 404f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Road Safety Directorate data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Road Safety Directorate data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Yes Yes No 93%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
6
b c d
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
Source: 2006, Road Safety Directorate, “Statistics of Road Traffic Accidents in Latvia 2007”
7 Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
40
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, “Statistics of road accidents in Latvia,” Road Traffic Safety Directorate. 2006, research by Road Traffic Research, LTD. Drivers and passengers of motorcycles in Riga and Riga region. 2006, Observational studies by Road Traffic Research, LTD and Data Serviss, LTD.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (19%)
Cyclists (8%)
Yes Yes 77% Front, 32% Reard
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (37%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (31%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 21%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1986
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: Road Safety Directorate
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) No (subnational) REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
1 062 935 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
77% 4% 11% 1% 7% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
130
LEBANON Population: 4 099 115 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 770
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 497d (80% males, 20% females)
Yesa n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
6 266e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
d e
Internal Security Forces data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Internal Security Forces data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 100 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb 1
V
O AN
2
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Yes No 15%c TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
4
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
c
A AIL
T
DA
Yes Yes No —
Seat-belt law
b
E
BL
TA
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Internal Security Forces.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
1 400 000f total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available f
Estimation by consensus group. Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
131
LESOTHO Population: 2 007 833 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 000
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Safety Department Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
402c (52% males, 15% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 427d Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
Not formally endorsed by government.
c d
Road Safety Department data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (<1%)
5 Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Unspecified (49%)
Pedestrians (34%)
6
Seat-belt law
Yes No —
Source: “Lesotho Road Accident Statistical Report 2007,” Road Safety Department
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
500
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
— Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (13%)
Yes 0.10 g/dl 0.10 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
400 300 200 100 0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
Year Source: “Lesotho Road Accident Statistical Report 2007,” Road Safety Department
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
132
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
LIBERIA Population: 3 750 261 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $150
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
— — Costing study available
No
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
2
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
No Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
T
DA
Nob No — TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
V
O AN
2
Seat-belt law
a
A AIL
TA
b
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. No laws but national regulations enforced by Liberia National Police.
E
BL
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
133
11 086 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
67% 3% 18% 7% 5% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA (the) Population: 6 160 483 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $9 010
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 138d (65% males, 35% females) 6 850e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
General Traffic Department data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. General Traffic Department data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
3
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb No 2%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes No No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (28%)
Cyclists (5%)
Source: 2008, General Traffic Department
Yes Yes 5%c 4
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcementa
b c
Pedestrians (15%)
7
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (32%)
Unspecified (20%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2 500 Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law. 2007, General Traffic Department.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1995
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
1997
1999
2001
2005
2007
Source: General Traffic Department
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2003
Year
No No (subnational) REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
134
1 826 533 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
76% 2% 12% 5% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Environment.
LITHUANIA Population: 3 389 937 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $9 920
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
State Traffic Safety Commission No
759c (72% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
8 254d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.04 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 12%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
6
Seat-belt law
Cyclists (7%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (26%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Source: 2006, Police Department (Ministry of Interior)
6
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
35 Deaths per 100 000 population
5
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Police Department (Ministry of Interior).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (32%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (28%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (3%)
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: Police Department (Ministry of Interior)
Yes No (subnational) REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
135
1 781 686 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
89% 1% 8% 1% 1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MADAGASCAR Population: 19 683 358 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
Yes Yes No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
550b 5 190c Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) b c
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h —
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Yes — Yes —
Yes No — 6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa a
A AIL
V
TA
O AN
T
DA
6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
E
BL
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
VEHICLE STANDARDS
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
136
197 981 total (2006) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
52% 23% 16% 9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MALAWI Population: 13 925 070 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $250
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Council Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
839c (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 130d Costing study available
No c d
Malawi Traffic Police and Road Safety Council data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Malawi Traffic Police & Road Safety Council data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
7
Seat-belt law
Pedestrians (45%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (18%)
Yes No 45%b
Source: 2007, National Road Council/ Malawi Traffic Police
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (28%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (8%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (<1%)
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Data source not available.
OT
No car manufacturers
N TA
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
IL VA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
137
130 000 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
41% 8% 30% 16% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MALAYSIA Population: 26 571 879 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $6 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Cabinet Committee on Road Safety Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 282e (84% males, 16% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
21 363f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (58%)
6 Yes No 70% Frontd
Source: 2007, Royal Malaysian Police
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c d
Passengers 4-wheelers (10%)
Yes Yesb Yes 90% Drivers, 70% Passengersc
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (13%)
Pedestrians (10%)
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions. 2007, Malaysian Institute on Road Safety Research. 2003, International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences Research Vol 28 No. 1 (published 2004).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1994
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (6%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes — 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year Source: Road Safety Department Malaysia
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
138
16 825 150 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Other
45% 47% 5% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport.
MALDIVES Population: 305 556 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Traffic Police of Maldives Police Service No Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
8b (88% males, 12% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
— Costing study available
No b
Police data, defined as died at the scene of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 30 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a n/a n/a — n/a
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (75%) Cyclists (25%)
No n/a n/a — n/a No n/a — n/a
Source: 2007, Maldives Police Service
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
LE
AB
OT
VEHICLE STANDARDS
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
139
33 807 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Other
8% 79% 7% 1% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MALI Population: 12 336 799 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $500
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Directorate for Land, Sea and River Transport Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
659c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
— Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c
Police and Health data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
OT
Yes 2
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005
Yes Yes
Yeard d Data for 2002 not provided Source: Direction de la Régulation de la Circulation et des Transports Urbains du District de Bamako, data for Bamako district only
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5 Number of road traffic deaths
b
AV
DA
Yes Yes —
Child restraints law
Enforcement
A AIL
2
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
N TA
Yes Yes Yes —
Seat-belt law
a
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
140
167 245 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Other
52% 6% 9% 7% 26%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Equipment and Transport.
MALTA Population: 406 582 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $14 575
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Malta Transport Authority Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
14c (79% males, 21% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
1 195d Costing study available
No c d
Police data (defined as died within 30 days of the crash) and Health data (using ICD-10 codes). Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (29%)
Source: 2007, Malta Police, published by the National Statistics Office
Yes Yes 96% Front, 21% Rearb
Enforcementa
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (7%)
9
8
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (36%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
30
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Malta Transport Authority survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (29%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
25 20 15 10 5 0 1987
No No
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
346 118 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
141
76% 6% <1% 17% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Parliamentary Secretary for Health.
MARSHALL ISLANDS Population: 59 286 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 070
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Department of Public Safety Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1f (male) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
35g Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government.
f g
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Yes Nonec Nonec Yes 70%d 6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
No n/a 5% Front, 0% Reard n/a
Enforcementb
c d e
DEATHS 1 driver of 4-wheeled vehicle
7
Child restraints law b
YEAR
2007
Yes Yese No 95%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
V
TA
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. Police estimate for average year. Some exceptions.
E
BL
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
2 487 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
142
63% 1% 27% 4% 2% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MAURITANIA Population: 3 123 813 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Department of Road Safety Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
202d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 838e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Police data supplemented with a study (not referenced).
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb — —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
5
Motorcycle helmet law
1
b c
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law. Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
150 100 50
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year Source: Direction des Transports et de la sécurité routière
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
200
0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
250
1 Number of road traffic deaths
a
T
DA
Yes Yes —
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
O AN
4
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
V
TA
Yes Yes No 50% Driversc
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
A AIL
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
143
350 000 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
MAURITIUS Population: 1 261 641 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 140e (86% males, 14% females)
2 915f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e f
Central Statistics Office data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Central Statistics Office data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (36%)
Cyclists (9%)
9 Source: 2007, Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit and the Police Road Safety Unit
Yes Yes 94% Front, 10% Reard
Enforcementb
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Forensic Science Laboratory. 2004, Survey conducted by the Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
16 Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
c d
Passengers 4-wheelers (14%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
b
Pedestrians (29%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 24%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
4
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes No 40–80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1998
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: “Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, 2007”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
334 125 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
43% 43% 7% 5% 1% <1% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life.
144
MEXICO Population: 106 534 880 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $8 340
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Council of Injury Prevention (CONAPRA) Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 17 003c (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
603 541d Costing study available
No c d
National Institute of Statistics Geography and Information data, defined as died at the crash scene. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40–80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
Other (1%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes n/ab n/ab Yes — 3 Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
3
Seat-belt law
Yes TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
6 000
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. BAC limits are set at the subnational level (0.08 g/dl in the Federal District and most cities).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Source: 2006, National Institute of Statistics Geography and Information
5
Child restraints law a
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Occupants 4-wheelers (68%)
Pedestrians (21%)
Cyclists (4%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Vital Statistics
No (subnational) No (subnational) REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
24 970 879 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
66% 3% 30% 1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
145
MICRONESIA (Federated States of) Population: 111 117 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No (subnational) n/a n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1–2d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
50e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police, estimate for an average year.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
No (subnationally) n/a n/a n/a No (subnational) n/a n/a n/a 90%b n/a No (subnational) n/a n/a 100%b n/a
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
No n/a
Enforcementa
b c
Police estimate that 10% of road traffic deaths are pedestrians, 30% are drivers of motorcars, and 60% are passengers in motorcars.
No n/a 10%c n/a
Child restraints law a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: Country questionnaire
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police and Transport data. Police estimate for average year.
E
BL
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
146
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 217 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
42% <1% 48% 3% 4% 3%
Data cleared by the Department of Health and Social Affairs.
MONGOLIA Population: 2 628 840 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 290
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Committee of Road Safety Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 562d (84% males, 16% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
932e Costing study available
No d e
Health data, time period not specified in definition. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 4%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Occupants 4-wheelers (65%)
Source: 2007, National Center for Health Development, Ministry of Health
Yes Yes 70–80% Driversc
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
2
25 Deaths per 100 000 population
c
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (17%)
3
Seat-belt law
b
Pedestrians (18%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Cyclists (<1%)
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007 Police data, proportion of road traffic deaths involving drunk drivers. 2008, Police estimate, 10–20% front-seat passengers, 5–10% rear-seat passengers.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
20 15 10 5
No car manufacturers 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2002
Yes Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: National Center for Health Development, Ministry of Health
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
147
REGISTERED VEHICLES
161 989 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles
68% 1% 2% 21% 8% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MONTENEGRO Population: 597 983 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 180
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
122b (82% males, 18% females) 2 796c Costing study available
No b c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes 50 km/h 6 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
Yes Yes No —
Source: 2007, Police Directorate, Department for Road Safety Surveillance and Control
6
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers 4-wheelers (27%)
Yes Yes —
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (48%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (20%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Police Directorate, Department for Road Safety Surveillance and Control
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
148
199 014 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
90% 2% <1% 6% <1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Welfare.
MOROCCO Population: 31 224 137 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 250
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee of Road Safety No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 3 838e (81% males, 18% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
89 264f Costing study available
No e f
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5 Nob n/a n/a n/a 3%c n/a
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Yes No Yes 67% Driversd
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes 75% Front, 19% Reard
Enforcementa
b c d
Drivers 4-wheelers (16%) Pedestrians (28%) Passengers 4-wheelers (30%) Cyclists (7%)
4
Child restraints law a
Other (3%)
No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 16
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on No Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, National Road Administration
8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption is prohibited. 2007, National Road Administration, Ministry of Equipment and Transport. 2007, National Committee of Prevention from Traffic Accidents, urban areas only.
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1974
No Yes
1979
1984
1989
1994
1999
2004
Year Source: National Road Administration, and National Statistic Administration
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
2 284 060 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
149
72% 1% 23% 1% 3% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MOZAMBIQUE Population: 21 396 916 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Institute of Traffic Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 502b (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 065c Costing study available
No b c
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h 9
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.06 g/dl 0.06 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a
Drivers 4-wheelers (18%) Pedestrians (68%) Passengers 4-wheelers (14%)
7 Yes Yes No —
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior
7 Yes No — — No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1 400 Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0
Yes No
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Ministry of Interior
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
150
258 680 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Other
60% 15% 22% 3% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MYANMAR Population: 48 798 212 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $281
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Traffic Rules Enforcement Supervisory Committee Funded in national budget No
Lead agency
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 638d (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
12 358e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Other (2%)
Yes 0.07 g/dl 0.07 g/dl Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yesb Yes 60%c 6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (14%)
Pedestrians (30%) Passengers 4-wheelers (33%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (10%)
— — — —
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Administration Department
— —
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1 800
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions. 2007, Road Transport Administration Department.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes No
1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Cyclists (12%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Police, Transport and Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police and Transport data.
1998
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
151
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 045 105 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
26% 65% 2% 3% 2% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
NAMIBIA Population: 2 074 146 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 360
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Council Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
368c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
6 137d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
8 Yes Yes 55% Front, 1% Rearb
a b
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
T
DA
18
Yes 2
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
O AN
A AIL
V
TA
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
5
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, study on seat belt compliance by Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP Namibia).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
No No
Source: National Road Safety Council, “Road Collision Statistical Report 2005”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
239 612 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
152
45% 2% 43% 6% 1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Services and the Ministry of Works and Transport.
NAURU Population: 10 152 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $7 842
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Nauru Police Force Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Multiple n/a n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1b (male) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
9c Costing study available
No b c
Police and Health data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes No 40 km/h — Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes — —
Motorcycle helmet law
No n/a n/a — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
E
BL
A AIL
V
TA
O AN
T
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcementa a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
E
BL
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
153
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
NEPAL Population: 28 195 994 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $340
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
962e (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 653f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e f
Police data, defined as died within 35 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
5
Drink–driving law
Yes Nonec Nonec Yes —d
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Yes No — 4
Enforcementb
4.0
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. No data on deaths, but proportion of annual road traffic crashes caused by alcohol estimated at 11%.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
No car manufacturers
2001–2002 2002–2003 2003–2004 2004–2005 2005–2006 2006–2007
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
c d
T
DA
9
Seat-belt law
b
O AN
A AIL
V
TA
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
E
BL
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yearg
No No
g
Data collected by financial year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
154
REGISTERED VEHICLES
617 305 total (2007) Motorcars, jeeps, vans Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, pick-ups, mirobuses Trucks, cranes Buses Other
14% 69% 2% 5% 3% 7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Population.
NETHERLANDS Population: 16 418 824 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $45 820
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management Directorate-General Passenger Transport, Road Safety Division Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 791f (73% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
16 750g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
Defined as died within 30 days of the crash, “Road Safety in the Netherlands. Key Figures 2008.” Transport data. Hospitalized cases.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h No consensus
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 25%b No consensus
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yesc Yes 92% Drivers, 72% Passengersd No consensus
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Pedestrians (12%)
Cyclists (24%)
Enforcementa
Yes No consensus
Passengers 4-wheelers (14%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (18%)
Yes Yes 94% Front, 73% Reare No consensus
Child restraints law
Drivers 4-wheelers (32%)
Source: 2007, SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research and Statistics Netherlands
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 9
b c d e
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Case-control study in Tilburg police district. Some exceptions. Applies to mopeds only. 2006 data, “Road Safety in the Netherlands. Key Figures 2008.”
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
No No
Year Source: Statistics Netherlands/Ministry of Transport, 2007
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
155
REGISTERED VEHICLES
8 862 935 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
82% 6% 2% <1% 10%
Data cleared by the SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research; Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport; Bureau of Traffic Law Enforcement; Ministry of Transport, Water Management and Public Works.
NEW ZEALAND Population: 4 178 525 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $28 780
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Ministry of Transport Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
423d (67% males, 33% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
16 013e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesc Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (28%)
Yes Yes 95% Front, 87% Rearb
Enforcement
9 Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
8
14
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Transport data. Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Ministry of Transport
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (48%)
9
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (10%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 31%b 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (3%)
7
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
156
3 189 131 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Buses Trucks
82% 3% 1% 15%
Data cleared by the National Road Safety Management Group.
NICARAGUA Population: 5 603 190 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $980
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Police, Special Traffic Safety Unit Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 522c (78% males, 22% females)d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
4 614e Costing study available
— c d e
Police data, definition not specified. 2006 Police data. Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
3
Drivers 4-wheelers (44%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 12%b 3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes — No —
Source: National Police, Statistical Yearbook 2007
5
Child restraints law
b
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (13%)
Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Cyclists (8%)
3
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Yes
3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. National Police, year not specified.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
12 Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes 45 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
10 8 6 4 2 0
Yes Yes
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: National Police
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
157
382 707 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
31% 16% 39% 8% 2% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
NIGER Population: 14 225 521 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $280
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Commission No Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 528d (72% males, 28% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
9 094e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data from urban areas.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
2
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Noneb Noneb No 1%c
Drivers (20%) Pedestrians (33%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes No —
Passengers (47%)
1
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Ministry of Transport
No n/a — n/a TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcementa a b c
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2007, Ministry of Transport.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
450 Number of road traffic deaths
Child restraints law
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
No Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
158
76 061 total (2005) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
76% 15% 1% 3% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation.
NIGERIA Population: 148 092 542 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $930
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Federal Road Safety Commission No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 4 673d (66% males, 33% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
17 794e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes <10%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Federal Road Safety Commission data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Federal Road Safety Commission data.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
Yes Yesc Yes <5%b
IL VA
A
DA
2
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes 70% Frontb 6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
b c
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Source not specified. Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
— —
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Number of road traffic deaths
12 000 a
10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
Year
Yes Yes
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
159
7 600 000 total (2007) Motorized 4-wheelers Motorized 2-wheelers Trucks
60 40 <1% Data cleared by the Federal Ministry of Health.
NORWAY Population: 4 698 097 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $76 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport and Communications Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
233c (70% males, 30% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 755d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Statistics Norway data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Statistics Norway data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 20–30%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 100% Drivers and passengersb
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
9
Drivers 4-wheelers (47%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (17%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (20%)
Source: 2007, Statistics Norway
6 Yes
Enforcementa
b
Cyclists (3%)
Yes Yes 93% Front, 85% Rearb
Child restraints law a
Other (3%) Pedestrians (10%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Norwegian Public Roads Administration.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
9 Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
4
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1998
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
Source: Statistics Norway
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2005
Year
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
160
2 599 712 total (2007) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
80% 16% 3% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Care Services.
OMAN Population: 2 595 133 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $11 275
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Yes Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 798c (84% males, 16% females)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 531d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 120 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes No 95% Front, 1% Rearb
a
Enforcement
b
9 No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Estimation by consensus group, based on 4% of traffic offences relating to seat-belts.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Yes Yes
Year Source: Directorate General of Traffic Services of the Royal Oman Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
A
7
Child restraints law a
IL VA
DA
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
OT
N TA
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
LE
AB
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
161
629 670 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
72% 1% 12% 6% 4% 6%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PAKISTAN Population: 163 902 405 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $870
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Secretariat No Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
5 565c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
12 990d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene or anytime after the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 70 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes No No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
AV
DA
Yes No — 3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
OT
N TA
A AIL
4
Seat-belt law
a
E
BL
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O AN
T
DA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
E
BL
A AIL
No No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
5 287 152 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Unspecified
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
162
27% 51% 11% 4% 5% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PALAU Population: 20 314 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $8 210
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Patrol Division, Ministry of Justice Yes Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 3d (100% males) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
91e Costing study available
No d e
Justice data, defined as died from injuries or complications resulting from a crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Yes No 40 km/h
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.10 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 100%b
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (1)
Yes Yesc Yes —
Passengers 4-wheelers (1)
8
Seat-belt law
Source: 2007, Ministry of Justice
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (1)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Country questionnaire. Some exceptions.
E
BL
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
163
5 530 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks
33% 14% 24% 29%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PANAMA Population: 3 343 374 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 510
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Traffic and Ground Transport Authority Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 425b (82% males, 18% females)c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
— — —
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
11 383d Costing study available
No b c d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Yes No 80 km/h 7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (24%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 40 Deaths per 100 000 population
Yes 3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year Source: Comptroller General of the Republic
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
Source: 2005, Comptroller General of the Republic
7
Child restraints law
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (46%)
9
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (25%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Enforcement
Other (<1%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Comptroller General of the Republic data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. 2005, Comptroller General of the Republic data. Comptroller General of the Republic data.
Yes No
164
REGISTERED VEHICLES
671 085 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
65% 3% 17% 9% 3% 3% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA Population: 6 331 010 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $850
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Council No No (subnational) n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
237d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 210e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
5 Yes Yes Yes — 7
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Passengers 4-wheelers (49%) Cyclists (1%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
6
Child restraints law
Source: 2007, Motor Vehicle Insurance LTD
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No
0
250 Number of road traffic deaths
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes 66%c
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Pedestrians (39%)
1
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 1988, Traffic police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
200 150 100 50
No car manufacturers 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1991
No No
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year Source: Traffic Directorate, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
— —
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
165
REGISTERED VEHICLES
59 645 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
64% 2% 1% 18% 11% 4%
Data cleared by the Department of Health and Social Affairs.
PARAGUAY Population: 6 127 077 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 670
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 845c (83% males, 17% females)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 806d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, time period not specified in definition. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
3
Passsengers 4-wheelers (1%)
No (subnational) n/a n/a n/a — n/a No (subnational) n/a n/a — n/a
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
5
b
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Journal of the Paraguayan Touring and Automobile Club. No. 103/2007, Asunción only.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Pedestrians (37%)
Source: 2006, Database of the Vital Statistics Subsystem, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Cyclists (1%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (24%)
Other (35%)
Yes Yes 31% Frontb
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (2%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year Source: Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare; National Police (Statistics Department)
No No (subnational) REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
166
576 167 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Unspecified
38% 19% 28% 8% 2% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.
PERU Population: 27 902 760 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Council for Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 3 510d (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
49 857e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1
Other (1%) Drivers 4-wheelers (8%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 11%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
1
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes 85% Front, 25% Rearc
No n/a
Enforcementa
Number of road traffic deaths
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 4 000
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, National Police. 2007, National Council for Road Safety.
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2007, Institute of Legal Medicine
7
Child restraints law
b c
Pedestrians (78%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Seat-belt law
a
Passengers 4-wheelers (10%)
3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: National Police
No No (subnational) REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
167
1 442 387 total (2007) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
64% 23% 10% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PHILIPPINES Population: 87 960 117 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 620
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Department of Transportation and Communication Funded in national budget No
Lead agency
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
1 185c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
5 870d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Transport data, national roads only, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Transport data, national roads only.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drink–driving law
No n/a n/a n/a — n/a
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational) n/a n/a 34%b n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
3
37% 12% 51%
Source: 2006, Metro Manila Accident Reporting and Analysis System
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcementa
b
371 Deaths total Drivers (of mechanically propelled vehicle or pedal cycle) Passengers (of mechanically propelled vehicle) Pedestrians
Yes Yes 52% Driversb
Child restraints law a
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS IN METRO MANILA, 2006
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2000, Health data, survey.
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O AN
T
DA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
E
BL
A AIL
No No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes No
168
REGISTERED VEHICLES
5 515 576 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibus, van, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
17% 48% 29% 5% 1% <1%
Data cleared by the Department of Health; the Department of Transport and Communications; and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority.
POLAND Population: 38 081 971 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $9 840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA The National Road Safety Council Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
5 583e (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
63 224f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 14%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yesc Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
8
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Source: 2007, Police, Motor Transport Institute
7 Yes
Enforcementa
b c d
Passengers 4-wheelers (21%)
Yes Yes 74% Front, 45% Reard
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (30%)
Cyclists (9%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
25
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police. BAC is measured in all fatal and injury crashes. Some exceptions. 2006, National Road Safety Council observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
20 15 10 5 0 1975
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
169
REGISTERED VEHICLES
18 035 047 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
75% 4% 13% 1% 7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Infrastructure.
PORTUGAL Population: 10 623 031 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $18 950
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Authority for Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
854d (81% males, 19% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
46 318e Costing study available
No d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 31%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
8
Motorcycle helmet law
9
Passengers 4-wheelers (19%) Source: 2007, National Authority for Road Safety
Yes 8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
30 Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, National Institute of Legal Medicine. 2004, Prevenção Rodoviária Portuguesa, urban roads (2005 PRP data estimate 93% and 64% on motorways).
25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1981
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year Source: The National Statistics Institute (INE)
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%)
9
Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (35%)
Pedestrians (16%)
Yes Yes 86% Front, 28% Rearc
Child restraints law a
Other (4%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
National Authority for Road Safety data, defined as died at the crash scene or on the way to health services. National Authority for Road Safety data.
No (subnational) Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
Yes Yes
170
5 948 269 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
88% 9% 2% <1% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PUERTO RICO a b
a,b
Associate WHO Member State. Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 3 991 000 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $14 720
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of Transportation and Public Works Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 452f (81% males, 19% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries 39 888g (July 2007–July 2008)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Automobile Accident Compensation Administration data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementc Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementc
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 42%d —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementc Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementc Child restraints law
Enforcementc
d e
Yes Yes Yes — —
Pedestrians (32%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (14%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (17%) Source: 2007 Annual Report, Traffic Department, Puerto Rico Police
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes —
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers (34%)
Yes Yes 93%e —
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). 2006, US Department of Transportation/National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Other (1%)
18 Deaths per 100 000 population
c
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes No 40 km/h —
Speed limits set nationally
No Yes
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Institute of Forensic Science of Puerto Rico; Age-adjusted death rates per 100 000 population, Puerto Rico 2000 Census population
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
171
3 165 543 total (July 2006 – July 2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
90% 4% 2% <1% 3%
Data cleared by the Department of Health.
QATAR Population: 840 635 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $66 063
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 199d (93% males, 7% females)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 053e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Hamad Medical Corporation and Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Hamad Medical Corporation data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 100 km/h 7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.00 g/dl 0.00 g/dl No — 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Passengers 4-wheelers (25%)
5 Yes No 50% Frontc
Enforcementa
b c
No n/a
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS Yes Yes
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1982
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 45
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Traffic and Patrols Department
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Traffic and Patrols Department. 2008, Traffic and Patrols Department study.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers (44%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
Yes Yes No 90%b
Child restraints law a
Cyclists and pedestrians (27%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Traffic and Patrols Department
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
172
605 699 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
REPUBLIC OF KOREA Population: 48 223 853 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $19 690
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 166e (73% males, 27% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
335 906f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 16%b 7
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law c
Yes Yes Yes 85%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (21%)
Source: “Road Traffic Accidents in Korea 2007,” Road Traffic Authority
8 Yes 2
16
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Traffic Accidents in Korea 2007, Road Traffic Authority. 2007, National Police Agency. Observational study in 33 cities, drivers and passengers. 2005, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
b c d
Drivers 4-wheelers (26%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (11%)
Yes Yes 77% Frontd
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Pedestrians (37%)
7
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1992
Yes Yes
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year Source: Road Traffic Authority
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
18 213 228 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
173
66% 10% 6% 17% <1%
Data cleared by the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs.
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Population: 3 793 604 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 260
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Traffic Safety Board No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
589c (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
2 985d Costing study available
No c d
National Bureau for Statistics (compiles Police and Health data), defined as died within 1 year of the crash. National Bureau for Statistics data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h No consensus
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 17%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes No — 1
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes — No consensus
Child restraints law a
Enforcement a b
Other (2%) Drivers 4-wheelers (25%) Pedestrians (34%)
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Passengers 4-wheelers (33%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%) Source: 2007, Traffic Police database
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Traffic police database (traffic deaths with alcohol detected / number of road traffic deaths per year).
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
35 Deaths per 100 000 population
Speed limits set nationally
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Yes Yes
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2004
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
174
448 202 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
74% 6% 3% 16% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ROMANIA Population: 21 437 887 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $6 150
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Interministerial Council for Road Safety Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 2 712e (86% males, 14% females)
29 832f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
5
Drink–driving law
Yes Yes Yes 90% Drivers, 65% Passengersd 6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb b
Enforcement b c d
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
Passsengers 4-wheelers (23%)
Yes Yes 80% Front, 20% Rearc 5
Child restraints law
Drivers 4-wheelers (52%)
Cyclists (7%)
Source: 2007, National Road Traffic Police Directorate
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 3 000
3 Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Pedestrians (11%)
Yes 0.00 g/dl 0.00 g/dl Yes 2%c 8
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, National Road Traffic Police Directorate. 2007/2008, Unofficial Road Traffic Police estimation for motorcycle riders.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Yes Yes
Source: National Road Traffic Police Directorate
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
175
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 611 362 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
79% 1% 11% 3% <1% 4% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION Population: 142 498 532 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $7 560
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Commission of the Government of Russian Federation for Road Safety No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 33 308c (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
292 206d
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 10%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
6 Yes Yes Yes No consensus
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers 4-wheelers (34%)
Pedestrians (36%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Passsengers 4-wheelers (28%)
6 Source: 2007, The Road Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes 33% Frontb
Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, The Road Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 1991
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
40 000 Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
Yes Yes
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: The Road Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
176
REGISTERED VEHICLES
38 695 996 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
72% 8% 13% 2% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
RWANDA Population: 9 724 577 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Commission Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
308d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 158e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes 30–40 km/h 9 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b c
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Drivers 4-wheelers (4%) Other (10%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (12%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
8 Nob n/a n/a — n/a Yes Yes 80%c 9
Pedestrians (40%) Cyclists (18%)
Source: Traffic Police
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
600 Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. No law, but a police directive requires helmet use by all drivers and passengers of motorized 2-wheeled vehicles. Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
500 400 300 200 100
No car manufacturers 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1995
Yes Yes
1997
1999
2001
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No n/a
61 000 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2005
2007
Source: Service de Sécurité Routière
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2003
Year
177
35% 37% 22% 4% 1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Infrastructure.
SAINT LUCIA Population: 164 924 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 349
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Road Transport Board No
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
30b (83% males, 17% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
590c Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) b c
Traffic Department (Police), defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Traffic Police.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 32 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
0
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes — —
Pedestrians (11%) Drivers 4-wheelers (50%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (39%)
8 Yes No —
Source: Royal Saint Lucia Police Force
7 No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
178
49 700 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
60% 2% 13% 23% <1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Wellness, Human Services, Family Affairs, National Mobilization and Gender Relations.
SAINT VINCENT & THE GRENADINES
a
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 120 402 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $4 210
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Ministry of National Security Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
9e (86% males, 14% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
168f Costing study available
No e f
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police Force, Traffic Department, Health Planning Unit, Statistical Unit.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 32 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Drink–driving law
Yes Nonec Nonec — — —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Cyclists (22%)
Yes No 90%d
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
9
Child restraints law
c d
16
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
No No
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year Source: Traffic Department, Police Headquarters
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No n/a
24 334 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Source: 2007, Police Force, Traffic Department
Yes
Enforcement score based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. Estimated by respondents.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (33%)
9
Seat-belt law
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (33%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
179
38% 5% 44% 9% <1% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Environment.
SAMOA Population: 187 023 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 430
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Land Transport Authority Yes
Funded in national budget
Yes No No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (average year) 20c (76% males, 24% females, 2004–2007) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006–2007)
178d Costing study available
No c d
Accident Compensation Corporation data, definition unknown. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes — — Yes 50%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
Child restraints law
35
Yes Number of road traffic deaths
1
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2004-2007, Accident Compensation Corporation.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
20 15 10 5 2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Accident Compensation Corporation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
25
2004
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
30
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
AV
Yes No —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b
A AIL
6
Seat-belt law
a
N TA
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
OT
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
180
15 903 total (2008) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SAN MARINO Population: 30 926 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $41 044
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Yes No
Funded in national budget
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1b Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
431c Costing study available
No b c
Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
5 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes — 6
Motorcycle helmet law
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (20%)
Source: 2004–2007 (5 deaths), Emergency Service
Yes Yes — 6
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (60%)
9
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (20%)
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
No car manufacturers
O AN
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
E
BL
A AIL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
181
51 590 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
66% 22% 7% <1% 5%
Data cleared by the Secretariat of State for Health and Social Security.
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Population: 157 638 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $870
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Department of Land Transport Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
20d (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
408e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 30–40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b c
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY No n/a n/a n/a — n/a
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Law entered into force July 1, 2008, therefore enforcement could not be assessed at the time of the consensus meeting. Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
A AIL
AV
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
OT
N TA
Yes Yes No — —b No n/a <1%c n/a
E
BL
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Ministério da Defesa e Ordem Interna
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
182
1 219 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Other
25% 66% 2% 1% 6%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SAUDI ARABIA Population: 24 734 533 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $15 440
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA High Council for Traffic Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 358b (86% males, 14% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
36 025c Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) b c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.0 g/dl 0.0 g/dl No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes No No —
T
DA
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
5
Child restraints law a
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
2
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
E
BL
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 2
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
YEAR
NUMBER OF DEATHS
2006 2007
5 883 6 358
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
7 398 600 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
183
SENEGAL Population: 12 378 532 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $820
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Directorate of Land Transport Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
320b Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
— Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) b
Directorate of Land Transport data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Drivers (19%)
Drink–driving law
Yes — — Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 0 Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes No —
Source: 2007, Directorate of Land Transport
Yes No — 6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa a
Passengers (46%)
5
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
800 Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
No No
2002
2003
2004
2005
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2006
2007
Year Source: Country questionnaire
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
184
280 594 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
67% 4% 12% 6% 5% 6%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Preventive Medicine.
SERBIA Population: 9 858 424 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $4 730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a
Funded in national budget
962d (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
22 201e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
Other (1%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 6%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1982
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1987
1992
1997
2007
Source: Statistics of the Serbian Ministry of the Interior (data from 1999 to 2007 exclude Kosovo)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
2 235 389 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
185
2002
Year
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No (subnational) n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2007, Statistics of the Serbian Ministry of the Interior
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Statistics of the Serbian Ministry of the Interior. 2006, Pilot research of the Academy for Crime Prevention and Police Affairs, observational study.
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%)
Yes Yes 50–60% Front, 4–5% Rearc
Enforcementa
b c
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%)
3
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (37%)
Cyclists (9%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (25%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
68% 1% 1% 8% <1% 22%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Infrastructure.
SEYCHELLES Population: 86 606 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $8 960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Land Transport Division Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 14c (69% males, 31% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
370d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police and Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police and Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers 4-wheelers (36%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 80%b 3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (28%)
Cyclists (7%)
Yes Yes No 95%b
Passsengers 4-wheelers (29%)
9 Source: 2007, Seychelles Police Department and Ministry of Health
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
Yes No 65%b 8 No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
OT
N TA
No car manufacturers
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
IL VA
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
186
14 880 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
59% 1% 29% 10% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Development and the Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Transport.
SIERRA LEONE Population: 5 865 872 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $260
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Sierra Leone Road Transport Authority Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
71d (65% males, 35% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
298e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 70 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
b c
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (20%)
Passsengers 4-wheelers (60%)
Yes Yesc —
Source: 2007, Sierra Leone Police Annual Statistical Analysis
1
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (15%)
6
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (5%)
Yes Nob Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 1
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. No provision in law for child riders. Occupants over the age of 18 years.
OT
N TA
No car manufacturers
IL VA
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
No n/a
REGISTERED VEHICLES
39 038 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
42% 21% 32% 4% 1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport and Aviation.
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
187
a
SINGAPORE a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 4 436 281 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $32 470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Land Transport Authority/Traffic Police Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 214f (80% males, 20% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
10 352g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40–70 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 7%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
Passengers 4-wheelers (4%)
Pedestrians (27%)
8
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesd Yes 56%e
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Cyclists (10%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (48%)
9
Seat-belt law
Yes Yes 50%e
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
8
Child restraints law
Source: 2007, Traffic Police Department
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 7
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Police data. With some exceptions. Source not specified.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
6 Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementb
c d e
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
8
Drink–driving law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5 4 3 2 1 0 1998
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: “Monthly Digest of Statistics Singapore,” May 2008
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
188
851 336 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Buses Other
61% 17% 2% 21%
Data cleared by the Land Transport Authority.
SLOVAKIA Population: 5 390 035 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $11 730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Safety Council Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 627c (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 310d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Yes Yes 60 km/h 7 Yes 0.0 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 4%b
b
Yes Yes Yes —
Cyclists (8%)
Passsengers 4-wheelers (17%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
8 Yes Yes —
Source: 2007, Statistical-evidence system of road traffic accidents, Ministry of Interior (SR)
8 TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes 9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Vehicle Register in the Slovak Republic, Ministry of Interior (SR).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Drivers 4-wheelers (32%)
Pedestrians (34%)
9
Enforcementa a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes
700 Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2002
Yes Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: Statistical-evidence system of road traffic accidents, Ministry of Interior (SR)
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
2 039 745 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available.
189
72% 3% 1% 11% <1% 12%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SLOVENIA Population: 2 001 506 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $20 960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Interministerial Working Group on Road Traffic Safety Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 293d (79% males, 21% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
16 449e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes — 7
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Enforcementa
b c
Source: 2008, Ministry of Interior, Police
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 30
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
25 20 15 10 5 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS No No
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
Passsengers (22%)
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (18%)
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Interior, Police. 2007, Ministry of Transport, Slovenian Roads Agency, observational study.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers (43%)
Cyclists (6%)
Yes Yes 85% Front, 50% Rearc 7
Child restraints law a
Pedestrians (11%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Other (<1%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 38%b 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes
190
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 286 903 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
79% 6% 6% <1% 9% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SOLOMON ISLANDS Population: 495 662 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Police – Traffic Division — — — —
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
19e (74% males, 26% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
606f Costing study available
No e f
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene or during (hospital) admission. Data for Honiara only, source not specified.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes 55%c
Yes Yes Yes 100%d
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c d
A AIL
V
TA
O AN
T
DA
3
Seat-belt law
a
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a — n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. Traffic Police estimate. Year and source not specified.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
191
10 000 total (2008) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SOUTH AFRICA Population: 48 576 763 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $5 760
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Traffic Management Corporation Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 14 920f (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
219 978g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
g
Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2 Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 60%b
Yes Yesc Yes 95% Drivers, 90% Passengersd
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b c d e
Drivers 4-wheelers (25%) Pedestrians (39%)
Passsengers 4-wheelers (32%)
Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Yes Yes 50% Front, 8% Reare
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Management Corporation
2 Yes 2
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 40
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Department of Transport. BMW C1 motorcycle exempt due to design. 2008, Road Traffic Management Corporation. 2007, Road Traffic Management Corporation, observational study.
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Road Traffic Management Corporation data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Road Traffic Management Corporation and Medical Research Council data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Department of Transport
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
9 237 574 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
63% 4% 26% 4% <1% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
192
SPAIN Population: 44 279 180 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $29 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA General Directorate of Traffic Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 4 104d (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
143 450e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h 8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
7
Yes Yesb Yes 98% Drivers, 92% Passengersc
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
8
Drivers 4-wheelers (42%)
Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (19%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (20%)
Source: 2006, General Directorate of Traffic database
8 Yes
Enforcementa
b c
Other (1%) Pedestrians (15%)
Yes Yes 89% Front, 69% Rearc
Child restraints law a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions. 2007, General Directorate of Traffic, observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
General Directorate of Traffic estimate, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. General Directorate of Traffic data.
10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1970
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year Source: General Directorate of Traffic database
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
31 441 152 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
67% 14% 7% 9% <1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs.
193
SRI LANKA Population: 19 299 190 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Council for Road Safety No Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 2 334d (82% males, 18% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
31 688e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government. d e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Yes No 50 km/h 5
Pedestrians (33%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
6
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
Yes Yesc Yes —
Passengers (26%) Source: Traffic Police, 2006
7
Seat-belt law
No n/a — n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementb
c
Drivers and riders (41%)
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. With some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 2 500 Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
2 000 1 500 1 000 500
No car manufacturers 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2004
No No
2005
2006
Year Source: Traffic Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No Yes
194
3 125 794 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
12% 63% 6% 8% 3% 8%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition.
SUDAN Population: 38 560 488 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a
2 227c (76% males, 24% females)
No (subnational) n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
21 329d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as doctor report states that death was due to the crash. Data exclude South Sudan states. Police data, exclude South Sudan states.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
Yes Yes 50 km/h 7
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Occupants 4-wheelers (31%)
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb No — 10 Yes Yes Yes — 7
Other (56%) Pedestrians (13%)
Yes No — 7 No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
V
TA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on Yes Yes
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
195
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 200 000 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
64% 3% 13% 12% 1% 7%
Data cleared by the Federal Ministry of Health.
SURINAME Population: 457 964 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $4 730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
90c (75% males, 25% females) — Costing study available
No c
Ministry of Justice and Police and Department of Health data, defined as died anytime after the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes No 90%b
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Enforcement
Source: 2007, Ministry of Justice and Police (The Department of Traffic Information Education and Statistics)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7 Yes 3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Observational studies conducted by Ministry of Justice and Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1991
No Yes
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year Source: Ministry of Justice and Police (The Department of Traffic Information Education and Statistics)
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers 4-wheelers (20%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (31%)
Yes Yes 70% Front, 30% Rearb
a
b
Cyclists (3%)
7
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (23%)
Pedestrians (22%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
196
151 441 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Buses
54% 27% 17% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice and Police.
SWAZILAND Population: 1 141 427 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Swaziland Road Safety Council Yes Yes No Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
235c (72% males, 28% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
4 584d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h 6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 3%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes No 80%b
Cyclists (2%) Passsengers 4-wheelers (42%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7 No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Royal Swaziland Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Royal Swaziland Police
Yes Yes —
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b
Pedestrians (35%)
5
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (20%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2000
Yes Yes
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year Source: 2007, Royal Swaziland Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
116 050 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Unspecified
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
197
45% 3% 30% 6% 7% 4% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
SWEDEN Population: 9 118 955 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $46 060
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Swedish Road Administration Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 471f (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
26 636g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yesc Yes 95%d 1 Yes Yes 96% Front, 90% Reare
b c d e
Source: Swedish Institute for Transport and Communication Analyses, Road Traffic Injuries 2006 (Vägtrafikskador 2006)
Yes TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 16
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1972
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1977
1982
1987
1997
2002
2007
Source: Swedish Institute for Transport and Communication Analyses, Road Traffic Injuries 2007 (Vägtrafikskador 2007)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
5 500 000 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
198
1992
Year
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Passengers 4-wheelers (18%)
2
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Estimate based on autopsies of drivers killed in crashes. Some exceptions. 2007, Estimate provided by consensus group. 2006, Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute observational studies.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (47%)
Cyclists (6%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (12%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Other (1%)
Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 20%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
77% 8% 9% <1% 6%
Data cleared by the Swedish Road Administration.
SWITZERLAND Population: 7 483 973 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $59 880
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA Federal Roads Agency Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 370g (76% males, 24% females)
26 718h Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
g h
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Swiss Council for Accident Prevention data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h 7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 16%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesd Yes 100%e 9
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
e f
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%)
Source: 2006, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
Enforcementb
c d
Cyclists (9%)
Yes Yes 86% Front, 61% Rearf
Child restraints law b
Occupants 4-wheelers (48%)
Pedestrians (21%)
8
1 200 Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention. Some exceptions. 2006, Sinus-Report 2007 der bfu, motorcycle drivers. 2006, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
1 000 800 600 400 200 0
No car manufacturers
1990
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Source: Unfallgeschehen in der Schweiz, bfu-Statistik 2007
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
5 356 000 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
72% 14% 10% 1% 3%
Data cleared by the Federal Office of Public Health.
199
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Population: 19 928 516 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 760
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Committee for Road Safety No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 818c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
16 145d Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene or in hospital. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 45–60 km/h 8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
A
DA
Yes No 81% Frontb
Enforcementa
b
IL VA
4
Child restraints law a
OT
N TA
Yes Yes No —
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Syrian Society for Road Accident Prevention.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Yes No
14 Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
LE
AB
8
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
1 389 346 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
200
55% 9% 25% 7% 3% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TAJIKISTAN Population: 6 735 996 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $460
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of the State Automobile Inspection (Ministry of Internal Affairs) Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 464c (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 048d
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
No c d
Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 5%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Pedestrians (44%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (30%)
6
Seat-belt law
Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Republic of Tajikistan
3
Child restraints law
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
600
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan.
500 400 300 200 100 0 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (6%)
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (18%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Other (1%)
9
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes 60 km/h 8
Speed limits set nationally
No No (subnational)
Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Republic of Tajikistan
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
201
268 018 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
72% 4% 7% 15% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
THAILAND Population: 63 883 662 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 400
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Safety Operation Center Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 12 492f (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
973 104g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Yes Yes 80 km/h 2
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 4%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
c d e
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (70%)
Yes No 56% Front, 3% Reare 5 No n/a
Enforcementa
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (7%)
Cyclists (3%)
4
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Yes Yesc Yes 27%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Pedestrians (8%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Based on sentinel surveillance. Deaths in hospital only, does not include deaths at the crash scene. Some exceptions. 2005, Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System. 2005, Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (data for front-seat occupants); 2005, Asian Institute of Technology (data for rear-seat occupants).
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
Source: 2007, Injury Surveillance (sentinel sites), Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 30 Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Health data.
25 20 15 10 5 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Source: Police Information System Center, Royal Thai Police
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
REGISTERED VEHICLES No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
202
25 618 447 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
14% 63% 19% 3% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Population: 2 038 464 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 460
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Republic’s Council for Road Traffic Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
140e (83% males, 17% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
6 133f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) e f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Other (10%)
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes 5%b 6
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Passengers 4-wheelers (12%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes No 16%d
Source: 2006, State Statistical Office
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Interior- Sector for Analysis, Research and Documentation. 2007, Ministry of Interior- Sector for Information Technology, data relate to motorcycle riders involved in a crash. 2002, PhD thesis by F. Tozija, survey of injured drivers and passengers treated in hospital.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
d
Pedestrians (34%)
2
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (29%)
Yes Yes No 2%c
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
State Statistical Office data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2002
Yes Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year Source: State Statistical Office
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
203
REGISTERED VEHICLES
259 421 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses Other
86% 2% 8% 1% 3% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TIMOR-LESTE Population: 1 154 775 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 510
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Directorate of Land Transport Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
46d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 686e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died as a result of injuries sustained in crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes No 50 km/h DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
0
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 0 Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes No 70% Drivers, 30% Passengersb
a b c
T
DA
Yes Yes 5–10% Front, <1% Rearc 0
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
V
TA
O AN
5
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
A AIL
Yes 0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 70% drivers, 30% passengers, consensus group estimate, 2007. Consensus group estimate, 2007.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
204
26 649 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Buses Trucks
6% 72% 14% <1% 8%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TOGO Population: 6 585 147 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $360
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No n/a n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
472e 1 824f Costing study available
No e f
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
No n/a n/a n/a — n/a
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Nob Yes No 1%c
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
E
BL
OT
N TA
A AIL
AV
DA
2
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
No n/a 0%d n/a TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b c d
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. No law, but there is a regulation that is enforced. 1998, Road Safety Togo. Estimation by consensus group.
E
BL
V
TA
O AN
A AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
48 234 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
205
22% 71% 4% <1% <1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Togolese Road Safety Organization.
TONGA Population: 100 336 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Traffic Department, Ministry of Police Yes No n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 8e (75% males, 25% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
— Costing study available
No e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and one day of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Yes No 40 km/h
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes 25%c 5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2006–2007, Ministry of Police
No n/a <1%d n/a No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2007 Police data. 2003, Ministry of Health and World Health Organization observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1987
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Cyclists (6%)
7
Enforcementa
b c d
Passengers 4-wheelers (19%)
Yes Yes No —
Child restraints law a
Drivers 4-wheelers (31%)
Pedestrians (44%)
Number of road traffic deaths
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Year
Yes Yes
Source: Report by Dr G. Anthony Ryan: WHO STC to Tonga, 1995
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No n/a
2 226 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
206
36% 1% 57% <1% <1% 5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Population: 1 333 272 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $14 100
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
— —
Funded in national budget
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
214b (77% males, 23% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 918c Costing study available
No b c
Traffic and Highway Patrol Branch, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Traffic and Highway Patrol Branch, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 2
3 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Source: 2007, Traffic and Highway Patrol Branch, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
6 Yes 6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
280
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No No
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Passengers 4-wheelers (28%)
Yes No —
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (34%) Pedestrians (32%)
Cyclists (4%)
9
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
240 200 160 120 80 40 0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1972
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year Source: Traffic and Highway, Patrol Branch
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
207
490 987 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TUNISIA Population: 10 327 285 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $3 200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Study on Road Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 497c (82% males, 18% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
14 559d
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) c d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Lead Agency and Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 1%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
3 Yes Yes Yes —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (14%)
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior and Local Development
Yes No —
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2
Enforcementa
5
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Ministry of Interior and Local Development.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
b
Passsengers 4-wheelers (28%)
5
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (23%)
Pedestrians (32%)
Cyclists (3%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4 3 2 1 0
No car manufacturers
2003
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No Yes
Source: “Statitiscs of Road Accidents”, Ministry of Interior and Local Development
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
1 244 918 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
208
62% 1% 24% 4% 1% 8% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
TURKEY Population: 74 876 695 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $8 020
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Board of Road Traffic Safety Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 4 633d (77% males, 23% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
169 080e Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) d e
Turkish Statistical Institute data, defined as died at the crash scene. Turkish Statistical Institute data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h 8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 2%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 12% Driversb
Pedestrians (19%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (31%)
Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
5 Yes Yes 70%c
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2006, Security General Directorate
8
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
Enforcementa
b c
Drivers 4-wheelers (24%)
9
Seat-belt law
a
Other (16%)
7
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2005–2007, Security Directorate. 2007, Security Directorate, intercity (rural) roads only. For urban roads, 20%.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute, “Traffic Accident Statistics (Road) 2007”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational) Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
209
REGISTERED VEHICLES
13 311 000 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
50% 15% 18% 6% 2% 1% 9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TURKMENISTAN Population: 4 965 278 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 234
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Funded in national budget
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
650c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
1 606d Costing study available
No c d
Data of the Department of Police Road Supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Data of the Department of Police Road Supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h 9
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 7%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Cyclists (5%)
Pedestrians (29%) Other (66%)
10 Yes Yes No — 8 Yes No —
Source: Department of Police Road Supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
7 No n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2008, Department of Road Police Supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
No car manufacturers
OT
N TA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
E
BL
A AIL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Yes Yes
AV
DA
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
— Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
210
651 564 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Trucks Buses
62% 18% 16% 4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
TUVALU Population: 10 530 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 441
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2003–2006) 1 per yeard (all males)
Yes No No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries e
˜12 per year
Costing study available
No d e
Health data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police estimate.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Yes No 64 km/h 6
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
6
Motorcycle helmet law
No n/a n/a 0%c n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
No n/a 0%c n/a
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa a b c
YEAR
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit. 2000–2007, Police data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
1 1 1 1
pedestrian pedestrian pedestrian pedestrian
Source: Princess Margaret Hospital, Ministry of Health
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 2
1
0 1999
No car manufacturers
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
DEATHS
2003 2004 2005 2006
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Source: Country questionnaire
No No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
211
REGISTERED VEHICLES
906 total (2005–2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles
7% 66% 5% 4% 1% 17%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
UGANDA Population: 30 883 805 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $340
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA National Road Safety Council Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006–2007)
2 838b (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006–2007)
12 058c Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) b c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Data collected by financial year. Police data, collected by financial year.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
2
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
3 Yes Yes —
Source: 2006-2007 (financial year), Uganda Police
2
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No (subnational) n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
2 500
No car manufacturers
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1991
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (7%)
Cyclists (10%)
Seat-belt law
a
Passengers 4-wheelers (43%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1993
1995
1997
No No
Year d
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
d
Methodology for data collection changed in 2006 Source: Uganda Police
REGISTERED VEHICLES No n/a
212
363 658 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Works and Transport.
a
UKRAINE a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 46 205 382 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $2 550
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Ministry of Public Health Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
9 921c (76% males, 24% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
40 887d Costing study available
No c d
Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Data source not specified.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 60 km/h —
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
Yes 0.0 g/dl 0.0 g/dl Yes — —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers/passengers motorized vehicles (44%)
Pedestrians (56%)
No n/a n/a — n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Seat-belt law
Yes No — —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb Child restraints law
Source: State Medical Statistics Centre
No n/a
Enforcementb
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 10 000
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes No
9 000 Number of road traffic deaths
b
8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2003
2004
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2005
2006
2007
Year
No No (subnational)
Source: State Medical Statistics Centre
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
213
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available Data were not cleared by the government of the Ukraine in time for publication of this report.
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Population: 4 380 439 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $41 082
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Ministry of Interior and National Transport Authority Funded in national budget Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 1 056c (87% males, 13% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
11 155d Costing study available
Yes (deaths only) c d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
7 Yes 0.10 g/dl 0.10 g/dl Yes — 8
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior
Yes No 61% Frontb
Enforcementa
b
Passsengers 4-wheelers (29%)
8
Child restraints law a
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (41%)
Pedestrians (28%)
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Abu Dhabi National Campaign for seat-belt use.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
12 000 Number of road traffic deaths
Drink–driving law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes 60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0
Yes Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
Source: Ministry of Interior
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2004
Year
Yes Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
214
1 754 420 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
86% 1% 2% 7% 2% 3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
UNITED KINGDOM Population: 60 768 946 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $42 740
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
No n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 3 298f (76% males, 24% females)
Yes Yes Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
264 288g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 48 km/h No consensus
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No 17%b No consensus
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Other (1%) Drivers 4-wheelers (36%) Pedestrians (21%)
Cyclists (4%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yesc Yes 98%d No consensus
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes 91% Front, 84–90% Reare No consensus
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b c d e
Yes No consensus
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on Yes Yes
8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 9 000
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. “Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006 Annual Report.” Some exceptions. 2006 Estimation by Department for Transport. 2006–2007, Department for Transport, observational studies.
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Passengers 4-wheelers (19%)
Source: “Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006 Annual Report” “Road Traffic Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Annual Report 2006”
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (19%)
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2005
2006
Year
Yes Yes
Source: “Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006 Annual Report” “Road Traffic Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Annual Report 2006”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
215
REGISTERED VEHICLES
34 327 520 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
84% 4% 9% 1% 1% 2%
Data cleared by the Department for Transport.
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Population: 40 453 513 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $400
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council of Tanzania No Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 595e (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
16 308f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 2%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb 2 Motorcycle helmet law
Yes No No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
4
3
b
Enforcement
c d
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Tanzania Police
3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 590 0
No No
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year Source: Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT No No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (7%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
Cyclists (17%)
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Tanzania Police. Estimation by consensus group.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (37%)
Yes No 30% Front, 5% Rearc
Child restraints law b
Passengers 4-wheelers (33%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (6%)
3
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No n/a
216
REGISTERED VEHICLES
577 949 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
14% 9% 57% 7% 4% 9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Population: 305 826 246 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: $46 040
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 42 642f (70% males, 30% females)
Funded in national budget
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (US DOT/NHTSA) Yes Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
3 305 237g Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries) f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
g
No (subnationally) n/a n/a n/a
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
No (subnational) 0.08 g/dlb 0.0–0.02 g/dlc n/a 32%d n/a
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational) n/a n/a 58%e n/a
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
No (subnational) n/a 82% Front, 76% Reare n/a
US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Other (4%) Pedestrians (11%) Cyclists (2%)
Drivers 4-wheelers (51%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
Passengers 4-wheelers (21%) Source: 2006, US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System
Enforcementa a b c d e
No (subnational) n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. No national BAC limit, but all states and the District of Colombia have a BAC limit of 0.08 for general population. No national BAC limit, but all states and the District of Colombia specify BAC limits of 0.02 or less for young/novice drivers. 2006, US DOT/NHTSA study. 2007, US DOT/NHTSA National Occupant Protection Use Survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 24 Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
20 16 12 8 4 0 1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Year
No Yes
Source: US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
217
REGISTERED VEHICLES
251 422 509 total (2006) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
54% 3% 39% 4% <1%
Data cleared by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Transport’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
URUGUAY Population: 3 339 700 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $6 380
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Agency (UNASEV) Yes Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
427e (78% males, 22% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
20 729f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 45–75 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
1
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 38%c
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb 1 Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
3
Child restraints law b c d
T
DA
5
Seat-belt law
Enforcementb
O AN
A AIL
V
TA
Yes Yes No 50%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
E
BL
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
200
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Faculty of Humanities – Technical Forensics Institute. Study by Advanced Trauma Life Support Course in Uruguay.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
No No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 2000
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year Source: National Highway Administration Directorate, based on information from Departmental Police Headquarters
No No REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No n/a
218
952 000 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks
48% 44% 1% 7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
UZBEKISTAN a
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 27 372 260 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA The State Motor-Vehicle Inspectorate, Ministry of Internal Affairs Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
2 034c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
Yes Yes —
Costing study available
No c
Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died at the crash scene.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb Child restraints law
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes None None Yes —
LE
AB
OT
9
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
Yes Yes No — 9 Yes Yes — 10 — —
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 2000
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
2 500 Number of road traffic deaths
b
Yes No 70 km/h 7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
— —
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
219
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
VANUATU Population: 226 180 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Funded in national budget
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
8c Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
52d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 35–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Noneb Noneb Yes —
T
DA
Yes No — TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
Child restraints law
No n/a
Enforcementa
b
O AN
8
Seat-belt law
a
A AIL
V
TA
Yes Yes No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
E
BL
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
LE
AB
OT
N TA
IL VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES Yes Yes
15 461 total (2008) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
220
VENEZUELA (Bolivarian Republic of) Population: 27 656 832 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $7 320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
People’s Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA) Yes Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 6 218c (79% males, 21% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
40 968d Costing study available
No c d
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. People’s Ministry of Infrastructure.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Other (1%)
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes Yes Yes 55%b
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
Yes Yes —
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
Source: 2007, People’s Ministry of Infrastructure
6
Child restraints law
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (1%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (73%)
Pedestrians (25%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes 5
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, People’s Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA).
25
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
20 15 10 5 0 1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT Source: People’s Ministry of Health
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
4 044 013 total (2007) Motorcars Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses
73% 7% 19% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of People’s Power for Health and Social Welfare.
221
VIET NAM Population: 87 375 196 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $790
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 12 800e (79% males, 21% females)
National Traffic Safety Committee Yes
10 266f Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government. e f
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police data. Health data reports 445 048 non-fatal road traffic injuries in 2007.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
6
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes Yes Yes 85%d
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
D
3
Enforcement
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2001, Forensic Medicine data. 2008, National Traffic Safety Committee estimate.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No n/a
b
c d
TA
NO
Yes No —
Child restraints law b
A AT
IL VA
7
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
LE
AB
3
14 000 Number of road traffic deaths
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 34%c
12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Yes Yes
Source: 2007, National Traffic Safety Committee
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes Yes
222
22 926 230 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
5% 95% Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP a
a
Non WHO member-area.
Population: 4 018 000 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: $1 422 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No n/a
Funded in national budget
No (subnational) n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
188d (76% males, 23% females)e Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
5 838f Costing study available
No d e f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Health data 2007. Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Palestine.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes No 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementb
3
Drink–driving law
Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl No —
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementb 1
A
3
Seat-belt law
Yes Yes — 3
Child restraints law
Yes 1
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2002
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementb
c
OT
N TA
Yes Yesc No —
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementb
b
LE
AB
IL VA
DA
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
No No
Source: General Commissariat of the Palestinian Police, data for remaining West Bank and Gaza Strip
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
78 609 total (2008) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Non-motorized vehicles Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number — Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
223
76% <1% 6% 15% 1% <1% 1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
YEMEN Population: 22 389 169 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $870
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The National Committee for Road Safety No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007) 2 781c (86% males, 14% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
19 253d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes —
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa a b
Yes 0.0 g/dlb 0.0 g/dlb — — —
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS No Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: Country questionnaire
No No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
A
DA
No n/a
No car manufacturers
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
OT
N TA
IL VA
No n/a — n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
No n/a n/a — n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes Yes
224
777 734 total (2007) Registered vehicle types: data not available Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Population.
ZAMBIA Population: 11 921 999 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $800
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Road Transport and Safety Agency Yes
Measurable targets Funded
1 266d Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes Yes Yes
National road safety strategy
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
9 258e Costing study available
No d e
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 50%b
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa 1 Motorcycle helmet law
Pedestrians (50%)
10
Seat-belt law
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
Cyclists (11%)
Yes Yes —
Source: 2007, Zambia Police Service
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2007, Zambia Police Service and Road Transport and Safety Agency. 2007, Zambia Road Transport and Safety Agency.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 1 400 Number of road traffic deaths
b c
Passsengers 4-wheelers (25%)
Yes Yes No 100%c
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
5
Drink–driving law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes Yes
1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2002
2007
Source: Zambia Police Service
— No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
1997
Year
Yes Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
222 188 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
59% 3% 21% 13% 2% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
225
ZIMBABWE Population: 13 349 434 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: $131
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA Traffic Safety Council of Zimbabwe No Multiple n/a n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006) 1 037c (71% males, 29% females) Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
13 819d Costing study available
No c d
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash. Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION Yes Yes 60 km/h 8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcementa Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders Helmet standards mandated Helmet wearing rate Enforcementa Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants Seat-belt wearing rate Enforcementa Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
Occupants any motorized vehicle (63%) Pedestrians (26%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (5%)
Yes Yes — —
Cyclists (5%)
9 Yes No —
Source: 2006, Zimbabwe Police
8 No n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective. 2006, Zimbabwe Republic Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption Seat-belt installation for all seats
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
No No
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS 2 500 Number of road traffic deaths
BAC limit – general population BAC limit – young or novice drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Road traffic deaths involving alcohol Enforcementa
Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes <1%b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1971
Yes Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling National policies to promote public transportation
— Data not available. n/a Data not required/not applicable.
1981
1986
1991
2001
2006
Source: Zimbabwe Police General Headquarters, Planning and Development Statistics Bureau
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes Yes
1 556 586 total (2007) Motorcars Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20) Trucks Buses Other
226
1996
Year
No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system National universal access number
1976
78% 7% 5% 7% 1% 2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
Statistical annex 1. Explanatory notes
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A.8
1SF IPTQJUBM DBSF TZTUFNT CZ DPVOUSZ BSFB
Explanatory notes Background 5IF EBUB QSFTFOUFE JO UIF GPMMPXJOH QBHFT XFSF PCUBJOFE UISPVHI B TFMG BENJOJTUFSFE RVFTUJPOOBJSF JNQMFNFOUFE JO UIF DPVOUSJFT BOE BSFBT UIBU QBSUJDJQBUFE JO UIF mSTU HMPCBM TVSWFZ PO SPBE TBGFUZ JO 5IF TVSWFZ GPDVTFE PO UIF SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT PG UIF World report on road trafямБc injury prevention BT UIF CBTJT GPS JUT TUSVDUVSF BOE DPOUFOU .PTU DPVOUSJFT VTFE UIF TBNF NFUIPEPMPHZ GPS EBUB DPMMFDUJPO BT PVUMJOFE JO B TVSWFZ QSPUPDPM EFWFMPQFE GPS UIF TUVEZ *O PWFS PG UIF DPVOUSJFT UIF JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG UIF TVSWFZ XBT DPPSEJOBUFE CZ B /BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPS /%$ JEFOUJmFE CZ UIF DPVOUSZ BOE XBT DPNQMFUFE CZ UFBNT PG ├Т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t 5BCMF " JODMVEFT UIF MJTU PG /%$T XIP JO DPMMBCPSBUJPO XJUI OBUJPOBM BVUIPSJUJFT QMBZFE B LFZ QBSU JO DPOEVDUJOH UIF TVSWFZ t 5BCMF " QSPWJEFT EFUBJMFE EBUB PO UIF EBZ BEKVTUFE OVNCFS BOE SBUFT QFS QPQVMBUJPO PG SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT BOE PO UIF QSPQPSUJPO PG SPBE VTFST CZ DPVOUSZ BSFB 5IF UBCMF BMTP JODMVEFT NPEFMMFE SPBE USBGmD EFBUI OVNCFST XIJDI IBWF CFFO HFOFSBUFE " TIPSU EFTDSJQUJPO PG UIF QSPDFTT JT QSFTFOUFE CFMPX t 5BCMFT " o" QSPWJEF JOGPSNBUJPO PO UIF TUBUVT PG MBXT UIF FOGPSDFNFOU PG MBXT BOE UIF DPWFSBHF XFBSJOH SBUFT SFMBUJOH UP UIF mWF SPBE USBGmD SJTL GBDUPST BMDPIPM TFBU CFMUT DIJME SFTUSBJOUT TQFFE BOE IFMNFUT t 5BCMF " DPOUBJOT EBUB PO QPMJDZ SFMBUFE SFTQPOTFT t 5BCMF " JODMVEFT JOGPSNBUJPO SFMBUFE UP UIF BWBJMBCJMJUZ PG QSF IPTQJUBM DBSF 5IF GPMMPXJOH TFDUJPO HJWFT B CSJFG EFTDSJQUJPO PG UIF EBUB QSPDFTTJOH UIF DPNNFOUT PO UIF PCUBJOFE SFTVMUT TQFDJmDBMMZ PO UIF SFQPSUFE BEKVTUFE BOE NPEFMMFE DPVOUSZ MFWFM EFBUI EBUB BOE UIF NFUIPE VTFE UP EFWFMPQ UIF NPEFM
Data processing 5IF EBUB QSPDFTTJOH JOWPMWFE DPNQMFUJPO PG UIF TVSWFZ JOTUSVNFOU BOE EBUB FOUSZ BU B DPVOUSZ MFWFM BOE WBMJEBUJPO BU B SFHJPOBM MFWFM %BUB DMFBOJOH BOBMZTJT BOE SFQPSU XSJUJOH XFSF EPOF BU 8)0 IFBERVBSUFST JO (FOFWB
Reporting of country-level data 5IF mOBM DPVOUSZ SFTQPOTFT XFSF FOUFSFE CZ /%$T JOUP BO POMJOF EBUBCBTF TQFDJBMMZ QSFQBSFE CZ 8)0 GPS UIJT QSPKFDU /%$T BMTP VQMPBEFE TVQQPSUJOH EPDVNFOUT XIFSF BQQMJDBCMF BOE BWBJMBCMF %BUB XFSF UIFO WBMJEBUFE BU B SFHJPOBM MFWFM 0ODF mOBMJ[FE BOE BQQSPWFE CZ 3FHJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPST 3%$T UIF EBUB XFSF UIFO FYQPSUFE JOUP .JDSPTPGU &YDFM GPS DMFBOJOH "U UIJT TUBHF FBDI DPVOUSZ T EBUB XFSF FYBNJOFE GPS BDDVSBDZ DPOTJTUFODZ BOE WBMJEJUZ PO B RVFTUJPO CZ RVFTUJPO CBTJT 8IFSF OFDFTTBSZ /%$T XFSF DPOUBDUFE BOE BEEJUJPOBM TVQQPSUJOH EPDVNFOUT XFSF SFRVFTUFE UP DMBSJGZ JODPOTJTUFODJFT " DPQZ PG UIF TVSWFZ JOTUSVNFOU BOE TUVEZ QSPUPDPM DBO CF GPVOE BU XXX XIP JOU WJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPO SPBE@TBGFUZ@TUBUVT
"T QBSU PG UIF EBUB DMFBOJOH BOE WBMJEBUJPO QSPDFTT FYQMPSBUPSZ BOBMZTJT XBT EPOF VTJOH 45"5" 5IF TBNF TPGUXBSF XBT VTFE GPS BMM BOBMZTJT BOE SFTVMUT QSFTFOUFE JO UIF FBSMJFS TFDUJPOT PG UIJT SFQPSU
Types of data utilized 5ISFF UZQFT PG EBUB BSF VTFE JO UIJT SFQPSU t SFQPSUFE EBUB GSPN DPVOUSJFT BOE TFDPOEBSZ TPVSDFT t EBUB BEKVTUFE GPS UIF EBZ EFmOJUJPO PG B SPBE USBGmD EFBUI JO PSEFS UP GBDJMJUBUF DPNQBSBCJMJUZ t NPEFMMFE OVNCFST
Reported data *O BEEJUJPO UP UIF EBUB PCUBJOFE EJSFDUMZ GSPN DPVOUSJFT TFDPOEBSZ EBUB TPVSDFT XFSF VTFE UP t DMBTTJGZ DPVOUSJFT JOUP JODPNF DBUFHPSJFT t HFOFSBUF SPBE TBGFUZ JOEJDBUPST TVDI BT UIF BEKVTUFE SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT BOE NPEFMMFE SPBE USBGmD EFBUI SBUFT XJUI B DPOmEFODF JOUFSWBM BT SFQPSUFE JO 5BCMF " 1PQVMBUJPO BOE JODPNF EBUB GSPN UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 1PQVMBUJPO %JWJTJPO ! BOE UIF 8PSME #BOL " XFSF VTFE GPS UIJT BOBMZTJT 1PQVMBUJPO FTUJNBUFT GPS BSF SFQPSUFE JO 5BCMF " 8IFSF UIFSF XBT OP FTUJNBUF BWBJMBCMF GPS B DPVOUSZ GPS UIBU ZFBS QVCMJTIFE EBUB GPS UIF MBUFTU ZFBS XFSF VTFE 'PS UIF NPEFMMJOH QSPDFTT QPQVMBUJPO FTUJNBUFT DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP UIF ZFBS PG SFQPSUJOH XFSF VTFE " . *O 5BCMF " 8PSME #BOL "UMBT NFUIPE HSPTT OBUJPOBM JODPNF QFS DBQJUB (/* GPS # PS MBUFTU BWBJMBCMF ZFBS XBT VTFE UP DBUFHPSJ[F DPVOUSJFT JOUP t MPX JODPNF PS MFTT t NJEEMF JODPNF UP t IJHI JODPNF PS NPSF .PSF EFUBJMFE TVCHSPVQJOHT XFSF VTFE JO UIF NPEFMMJOH QSPDFTT
Adjusted data "T EJTDVTTFE JO UIF mSTU TFDUJPO PG UIJT SFQPSU TFF QBHF VOEFSSFQPSUJOH IBT CFFO BDLOPXMFEHFE GPS NBOZ ZFBST BT BO JNQPSUBOU SFBTPO GPS UIF EJGmDVMUZ JO DPNQBSJOH SPBE USBGmD DSBTI EBUB CFUXFFO DPVOUSJFT "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIF MBDL PG IBSNPOJ[FE EFmOJUJPOT GPS SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT UIF VTF PG EJGGFSFOU EBUB TPVSDFT BOE UIF RVBMJUZ PG UIF SFQPSUJOH TZTUFN IBWF BMTP CFFO EPDVNFOUFE $POTFRVFOUMZ B OVNCFS PG NFDIBOJTNT XFSF FNQMPZFE UP BEESFTT TPNF PG UIFTF JTTVFT JO PSEFS UP NBLF EBUB NPSF DPNQBSBCMF 5IJT HMPCBM TVSWFZ FNQMPZFE UIF GPMMPXJOH UXP NFUIPET t UIF &VSPQFQFBO $POGFSFODF PG .JOJTUFST PG 5SBOTQPSU &$.5 TUBOEBSEJ[FE EBZ SPBE DSBTI GBUBMJUZ GBDUPST $ UP BEKVTU BMM SFQPSUFE DPVOUSZ BSFB EBUB t B NPEFM VTJOH OFHBUJWF CJOPNJBM SFHSFTTJPO TFF QBHF 5IF iSFQPSUFEw EBUB JO 5BCMF " IBWF CFFO BEKVTUFE UP UIJT EBZ EFmOJUJPO TFF 5BCMF GPS BEKVTUNFOU GBDUPST BOE UIF OFX BEKVTUFE OVNCFS JT UIFSFGPSF VTFE JO UIF DPSSFTQPOEJOH NPEFM BOE JUT SFTVMU JT QSFTFOUFE JO 5BCMF A.2.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 1. ECMT standardized 30-day road crash fatality adjustment factors 30-DAY TOTAL
ADJUSTMENT FACTOR
ON THE SCENE/1 DAY
77%
1.30
3 DAYS
87%
1.15
6 DAYS
92%
1.09
7 DAYS
93%
1.08
30 DAYS
100%
1.00
365 DAYS
103%
0.97
Modelled data Developing a model #FGPSF UIF NPEFMMJOH FYFSDJTF TJNQMF FYQMPSBUPSZ BOBMZTFT XFSF EPOF UP FWBMVBUF UIF EJTUSJCVUJPO PG UIF SFQPSUFE EBUB UP JEFOUJGZ QPUFOUJBM PVUMJFST BOE UP EFUFSNJOF UIF FYUFOU PG NJTTJOH EBUB %FDJTJPOT BT UP XIFUIFS UP JODMVEF UIFTF PVUMJFST JO UIF BOBMZTFT PS XIFUIFS UP FYDMVEF UIFN XFSF UBLFO BU TFWFSBM TUBHFT PG UIF BOBMZTJT 8IFSF BQQSPQSJBUF JNQVUBUJPO XBT EPOF UP DPNQFOTBUF GPS NJTTJOH JOGPSNBUJPO
Completeness of data )BWJOH BEKVTUFE UIF SFQPSUFE EBUB UP B EBZ EFm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roup 1 DPVOUSJFT JODMVEF IJHI JODPNF NJEEMF JODPNF BOE MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT 5BCMF %BUB GSPN UIFTF DPVOUSJFT XFSF VTFE BT B SFGFSFODF JO DPOTUSVDUJOH UIF OFHBUJWF CJOPNJBM NPEFM "T TVDI OP FTUJNBUJPO XBT EPOF GPS UIFTF DPVOUSJFT Group 2 DPVOUSJFT JODMVEF IJHI JODPNF NJEEMF JODPNF BOE MPX JODPNF DPVOUSJFT &TUJNBUFE EBUB CBTFE PO UIF QSFEJDUJPO NPEFM EFTDSJCFE BCPWF BSF QSPWJEFE GPS UIFTF DPVOUSJFT $PVOUSJFT BSFBT XJUI QPQVMBUJPOT PG MFTT UIBO BOE XIJDI UIVT IBWF MPX OVNCFST PG EFBUIT XFSF BMTP FYDMVEFE GSPN UIF NPEFMMJOH QSPDFTT 5BCMF 5BCMF " HJWFT UIF EBZ BEKVTUFE OVNCFS PG EFBUIT GPS BMM DPVOUSJFT BOE GPS HSPVQ DPVOUSJFT UIF NPEFMMFE OVNCFS PG EFBUIT XJUI B DPOmEFODF JOUFSWBM 5IPTF XJUIPVU B SBOHF BSF (SPVQ BOE UIF DPVOUSJFT JO 5BCMF XIFSF OP NPEFMMJOH XBT EPOF
231
Table 2. Countries/areas in Group 1 COUNTRY/AREA
INCOME LEVEL
COUNTRY/AREA
INCOME LEVEL
Argentina
MIC
Panama
MIC
Australia
HIC
Poland
MIC
Austria
HIC
Portugal
HIC
Bahamas
HIC
Qatar
HIC
Bahrain
HIC
Republic of Korea
HIC
Barbados
MIC
Republic of Moldova
MIC
Belarus
MIC
Romania
MIC
Belgium
HIC
Russian Federation
MIC
Belize
MIC
Saint Lucia
MIC
Bosnia and Herzegovina
MIC
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
MIC
Brazil
MIC
Serbia
MIC
Brunei Darussalam
HIC
Singapore
HIC
Bulgaria
MIC
Slovakia
HIC
Canada
HIC
Slovenia
HIC
Chile
MIC
South Africa
MIC
Colombia
MIC
Spain
HIC
Costa Rica
MIC
Sweden
HIC
Croatia
MIC
Switzerland
HIC
Cuba
MIC
Thailand
MIC
Cyprus
HIC
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
MIC
Czech Republic
HIC
Tonga
MIC
Estonia
HIC
Trinidad and Tobago
HIC
Fiji
MIC
Ukraine
MIC
Finland
HIC
United Kingdom
HIC
France
HIC
United States of America
HIC
Georgia
MIC
Uruguay
MIC
Germany
HIC
Uzbekistan
LIC
Greece
HIC
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
MIC
Hungary
HIC
Iceland
HIC
LIC = low-income countries MIC = middle-income countries HIC = high-income countries
Ireland
HIC
Israel
HIC
Italy
HIC
Japan
HIC
Kazakhstan
MIC
Kuwait
HIC
Kyrgyzstan
LIC
Latvia
MIC
Lithuania
MIC
Malaysia
MIC
Malta
HIC
Mauritius
MIC
Mexico
MIC
Montenegro
MIC
Netherlands
HIC
New Zealand
HIC
Norway
HIC
232
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 3. Countries/areas with population size less than 100 000 COUNTRY/AREA
INCOME LEVEL a
British Virgin Islands
HIC
Cook Islands
HIC
Kiribati
MIC
Marshall Islands
MIC
Nauru
MIC
Palau
MIC
San Marino
HIC
Seychelles
MIC
Tuvalu
MIC
a
Non-member area. MIC = middle-income countries HIC = high-income countries
Variables used in the model 5BCMF TVNNBSJ[FT UIF JOEFQFOEFOU WBSJBCMFT VTFE JO UIF NPEFM BOE UIF EBUB TPVSDF
Table 4. Independent variables used in modelling process VARIABLE
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
Income (GNI)
World Bank " #
Income level
World Bank #
Population
COMMENTS
Grouping used: low, middle, lower middle, upper middle, high. Designation based on 2000â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2004 World Bank data, corresponding to year of income level used Estimated ďŹ gures from UN Population Division !
Vehicle density: Number of cars per population
Number of vehicles: This GSRRS survey Population: World Bank !
Road density: Total road per land area
2000â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2006 World Road Statistics, International Road Federation, 2008 '
Total road/land km2 Corresponding or latest year data
Existence of national helmet law
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National policies that encourage walking and/or cycling
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National policies that support investment in public transport
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National speed limits on urban roads
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National speed limits on rural roads
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
Alcohol consumption
World Health Statistics, 2008
Alcohol consumption among adults aged >15 years for 2003
Strength of health system
World Health Statistics, 2008
Hospital beds (per 10 000 population)
GSRRS = Global Status Report on Road Safety GNI = Gross National Income per capita
Estimation method 5IF UIJSE TUBHF VTFE EBUB GSPN (SPVQ DPVOUSJFT UP EFWFMPQ B TUBUJTUJDBM NPEFM UP QSFEJDU SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT QPJOU FTUJNBUFT GPS (SPVQ DPVOUSJFT JODMVEJOH DPOmEFODF MJNJUT 5IF GSBNFXPSL VTFE UP QSFEJDU SPBE USBGmD NPSUBMJUZ XBT DPOTUSVDUFE VTJOH TFMFDUFE WBSJBCMFT JEFOUJmFE UISPVHI B MJUFSBUVSF SFWJFX XIJDI IBWF EJSFDU SFMBUJPOTIJQ UP UIF PVUDPNF WBSJBCMF SPBE USBGmD EFBUI 5IFTF WBSJBCMFT XFSF MBUFS HSPVQFE JOUP UISFF DBUFHPSJFT FYQPTVSF GBDUPST &j SJTL PS QSFWFOUJWF GBDUPST 3j BOE NJUJHBUJOH GBDUPST .j (SPTT OBUJPOBM JODPNF *j IBT BO JOnVFODF PO UIF mSTU UXP DBUFHPSJFT 'JHVSF *O UIJT GSBNFXPSL UIF SPBE USBGmD NPSUBMJUZ PVUDPNF :j JT B GVODUJPO PG B TFU PG JOEFQFOEFOU WBSJBCMFT EFTDSJCFE BT FYQPTVSF GBDUPST &j SJTL PS QSFWFOUJWF GBDUPST 3j NJUJHBUJOH GBDUPST .j BOE HSPTT OBUJPOBM JODPNF *j 5IJT DBO CF FYQSFTTFE BT GPMMPXT Yj= f (Rj, Mj, Ij, Ej). 5IF SFMBUJPOTIJQ CFUXFFO UIF PVUDPNF BOE UIF JOEFQFOEFOU WBSJBCMFT JT B OPOMJOFBS GVODUJPO 5IF OVNCFS PG EFBUIT :j JT B OPO OFHBUJWF JOUFHFS DPVOU EBUB UIVT UIF TUBOEBSE BQQSPBDI UP CF VTFE JT UIF 1PJTTPO SFHSFTTJPO PS BOPUIFS GPSN PG SFHSFTTJPO CBTFE PO UIF 1PJTTPO 5IF NPTU DPNNPOMZ VTFE SFHSFTTJPO NPEFM GPS DPVOU EBUB USFBUT UIF SFTQPOTF : BT B 1PJTTPO WBSJBCMF *O UIF 1PJTTPO SFHSFTTJPO NPEFM UIF NFBO FRVBMT UIF WBSJBODF DPOEJUJPOBM PO FYQMBOBUPSZ WBSJBCMFT *O QSBDUJDF IPXFWFS UIJT BTTVNQUJPO XBT OPU TBUJTmFE 'PS UIJT SFBTPO B OFHBUJWF CJOPNJBM SFHSFTTJPO NPEFM XBT DIPTFO XIFSF UIF BTTVNQUJPO GPS UIF EFQFOEFOU WBSJBODF BOE 1PJTTPO T QBSUJDVMBS DBTF PG OFHBUJWF CJOPNJBM NPEFM BSF BEFRVBUFMZ TBUJTmFE
233
Figure 1. Framework for determinants of road trafямБc mortality
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234
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
References 1FEFO . FU BM FET World report on road trafďŹ c injury prevention (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU WJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPO QVCMJDBUJPOT SPBE@USBGmD XPSME@SFQPSU FO JOEFY IUNM BDDFTTFE "QSJM 2. STATA â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Data analysis and statistical software IUUQ XXX TUBUB DPN BDDFTTFE "QSJM 3. World population prospects: the 2006 Revision. Highlights /FX :PSL 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 1PQVMBUJPO %JWJTJPO 4. World development indicators 8BTIJOHUPO %$ *OUFSOBUJPOBM #BOL GPS 3FDPOTUSVDUJPO BOE %FWFMPQNFOU 5IF 8PSME #BOL 5. GNI per capita 2007: Atlas method and PPP 8BTIJOHUPO %$ 5IF 8PSME #BOL IUUQ TJUFSFTPVSDFT XPSMECBOL PSH %"5"45"5*45*$4 3FTPVSDFT (/*1$ QEG BDDFTTFE "QSJM +BDPCT ( 5IPNBT "" "TUSPQ " Estimating global road fatalities 53- 3FQPSU $SPXUIPSOF 5SBOTQPSU 3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ IUUQ XXX USBOTQPSU MJOLT PSH USBOTQPSU@MJOLT mMFBSFB QVCMJDBUJPOT @ @ 53- QEG BDDFTTFE +BOVBSZ 7. Global Burden of Disease, 2004 update (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU IFBMUIJOGP HMPCBM@CVSEFO@EJTFBTF @SFQPSU@VQEBUF FO JOEFY IUNM BDDFTTFE "QSJM .BUIFST $% FU BM $PVOUJOH UIF EFBE BOE XIBU UIFZ EJFE GSPN BO BTTFTTNFOU PG UIF HMPCBM TUBUVT PG DBVTF PG EFBUI EBUB Bulletin of the World Health Organization o World road statistics 2008 (FOFWB *OUFSOBUJPOBM 3PBE 'FEFSBUJPO World health statistics 2008 (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQ XXX XIP JOU XIPTJT XIPTUBU FO JOEFY IUNM BDDFTTFE "QSJM $BNFSPO "$ 5SJWFEJ 1, Regression analysis of count data &DPOPNFUSJD 4PDJFUZ .POPHSBQI /P /FX :PSL $BNCSJEHF 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT
235
Table A.1: National data coordinators by country/area and WHO region
COUNTRY/AREA
Afghanistan
Eastern Mediterranean Qarizadah, Wassima Europe
Bozo, Maksim
Angola
Africa
Chicola, Felix
Americas
Abriata, Graciela
Armenia
Europe
Australia
Western Pacific
Austria
Europe
Kisser, Rupert
Azerbaijan
Europe
Talishinskiy, Rustam
Americas
Rolle, Garlon
Bahamas (the) Bahrain Bangladesh
Avetisyan, Lilit Goldsworthy, John
Eastern Mediterranean Obeid, Amjad South-East Asia
Rahman, AKM Fazlur
Barbados
Americas
Taylor, Denise Carter
Belarus
Europe
Pikirenia, Ivan
Belgium
Europe
Meerkens, Anne
Americas
Andrewin, Aisha
Belize Benin
Africa
Bhutan
South-East Asia
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana
Americas Europe Africa
Imorou Karimou, Yacoubou Karma, Doma Angulo Martinez, Augusto Kovacevic, Jasminka; Seranic, Alen Mmutle, Marvin Golekoamang
Brazil
Americas
Alves da Silva, Marta Maria
British Virgin Islandsa
Americas
George, Ivy
Brunei Darussalam
Western Pacific
Saidon, Rozaly
Bulgaria
Europe
Kovacheva, Irina
Burkina Faso
Africa
Cisse, Ahmad Nassourou
Burundi
Africa
Nzeyimana, Claire
Cambodia
Western Pacific
Raingsey, Prak Piseth
Cameroon
Africa
Missimikim, Martial
Canada
Americas
Jonah, Brian
Cape Verde
Africa
Santos, Antonio
Central African Republic (the)
Africa
Gondamovo, Paul
Chad
Africa
Gocké, Mahamat
Chile
Americas
Rajs, Danuta
China
Western Pacific
Duan, Leilei
Colombia Comoros (the)
Americas Africa
Congo (the)
Africa
Cook Islands
Western Pacific
Costa Rica Croatia
Americas Europe
Gaitán Rodríguez, Yazmín Yahaia, Mohamed Kouni-Okogna, Jean Roger Herman, Josephine Guzmán Duarte, Teresita Brkic Biloš, Ivana
Cuba
Americas
Cyprus
Europe
Antoniades, Costas; Kalakouta, Olga
Czech Republic (the)
Europe
Benesova, Veronika
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Valdés Lazo, Francisco
Africa
Musafiri, Masuga
Dominican Republic
Americas
Pérez, Simon Luis
Ecuador
Americas
Naranjo, Sara
Egypt GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Albania Argentina
236
WHO REGION
Eastern Mediterranean Saad, Rania
COUNTRY/AREA
El Salvador
WHO REGION
Americas
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Morán de García, Silvia
Eritrea
Africa
Abraham Tesfamichael, Ghirmay
Estonia
Europe
Kedars, Ursel
Ethiopia
Africa
Asrat, Abebe
Fiji
Western Pacific
Tuiketei, Timaima
Finland
Europe
Jääskeläinen, Petri
France
Europe
Laumon, Bernard
Gambia (the)
Africa
Camara, Abdoulie
Georgia
Europe
Kheladze, Kakha
Germany
Europe
Schleh, Rosemarieb
Ghana
Africa
Afukaar, Francis
Greece
Europe
Efthymiadis, Dimitrios
Guatemala Guinea-Bissau
Americas Africa
Morales Sandoval, Salvador Vera Cruz De Oliveira, Golda Sayonara
Guyana
Americas
Anderson, Lucy
Honduras
Americas
Cerrato Cruz, Orlin Javier
Hungary
Europe
Bényi, Mária
Iceland
Europe
Thorsteinsdóttir, Rósa
India Indonesia
South-East Asia
Kumar, Ashok
South-East Asia
Yusharmen
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Eastern Mediterranean Moghisi, Alireza
Iraq
Eastern Mediterranean Khalil, Sundus Shoki
Ireland
Europe
Hayes, Declan
Israel
Europe
Peleg, Kobi; Levi, Sarit
Italy
Europe
Lecce, Maria Giuseppina
Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan
Americas
Grant, Andriene
Western Pacific
Nakahara, Shinji
Eastern Mediterranean Mujahed, Jamil Europe
Batpenov, Nurlan
Kenya
Africa
Githinji, Wilfred Mwai
Kiribati
Western Pacific
Rubeiariki, Mweritonga
Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic (the) Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the) Lithuania
Eastern Mediterranean Al-Otaibi, Hamed Europe
Toimatov, Samatbek
Western Pacific
Phoutsavath, Phisith
Europe
Feldmane, Jana
Eastern Mediterranean Akl, Ziad Africa
Rangoako, Thabiso
Africa
Kekula, Joseph
Eastern Mediterranean Jabeal, Ibrahim Ali Europe
Meižiene, Ramune
Madagascar
Africa
Rasamilalao, Désiré
Malawi
Africa
Chirwa, James Mathewes
Malaysia
Western Pacific
Ramly, Rosnah
Maldives
South-East Asia
Naaz, Aishath
Mali
Africa
Sylla, Assa
Malta
Europe
Calleja, Neville; Galea, Audrey
Marshall Islands (the)
Western Pacific
Edwards, Russell
237
(Table A.1 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
Mauritania Mauritius Mexico
Traoré, Abdallah Mohamed Khairou
Africa
Jewon, Mahmad Saeed
Americas
Rosas Osuna, Rodrigo
Western Pacific
Mongolia
Western Pacific
Sakhiya, Ariuntuya
Europe
Stojanovic, Svetlana
Morocco Mozambique
Skilling, Vita
Eastern Mediterranean Boulaajoul, Benaceur Africa
Sithoe, Paulo Jorge
Myanmar
South-East Asia
Namibia
Africa
Shigwedha, Laina
Nauru
Western Pacific
Dowiyogo, David
Nepal
South-East Asia
Netherlands (the) New Zealand Nicaragua
Europe Western Pacific Americas
Lwin, Thit
Baral, Prabha Vis, Martijn Brown, Jennifer Torres Araica, Francisca
Niger (the)
Africa
Bagoudou, Chekarao
Nigeria
Africa
Labinjo, Mariam
Norway
Europe
Linhave, Jakob; Vind, Signe
Oman
Eastern Mediterranean Al-Wahaibi, Salim
Pakistan
Eastern Mediterranean Khan, Shahzad Ali
Palau Panama Papua New Guinea
Western Pacific Americas Western Pacific
Aguon, Ismael Castañedas, Enrique Kanguma, Peri
Paraguay
Americas
Maldonado de González Cabello, Mercedes
Peru
Americas
Loayza, Manuel
Philippines (the)
Western Pacific
Magturo, Theodora Cecile
Poland
Europe
Król, Barbara
Portugal
Europe
Amann, Gregória Paixão von
Puerto Ricoc
Americas
Lopez Charneco, Magdalena
Qatar Republic of Korea (the)
Eastern Mediterranean Almusleh, Abdulwahab Western Pacific
Kim, Young-Taek
Republic of Moldova (the)
Europe
Gornea, Filip
Romania
Europe
Arafat, Raed
Russian Federation (the)
Europe
Kipor, Gennady
Rwanda
Africa
Rurangirwa, Dominique
Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa
Americas
Jaime, Alina
Americas
Duncan, Roger
Western Pacific
Vasa, Ponifasio
San Marino
Europe
Gualtieri, Andrea
Sao Tome and Principe
Africa
Lima, Antonio
Saudi Arabia
Eastern Mediterranean Al Enizy, Faisal
Senegal
Africa
Coulibaly, Siaka
Serbia
Europe
Paunovic, Milena
Seychelles
Africa
André, Patrick
Africa
Yansaneh, Ahmed
Sierra Leone Singapore
Western Pacific
Slovakia
Europe
Smrek, Martin
Europe
Košir, Matej
Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Africa
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Micronesia (Federated States of) Montenegro
238
WHO REGION
Western Pacific Africa
Ho, Seng Tim; Lee, Alvin
Ogaoga, Divinol Mosako, Magdeline
COUNTRY/AREA
Spain Sri Lanka Sudan (the) Suriname
WHO REGION
Europe South-East Asia
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Lizarbe, Vicenta Jayatillaka, Jayalath Pushpakumara
Eastern Mediterranean Idries, Amjad Americas
Forster, Allan
Swaziland
Africa
Maphanga, Muzi
Sweden
Europe
Lekander, Thomas
Switzerland
Europe
Graz, Bertrand
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Eastern Mediterranean Hamdan, Ahmad
Tajikistan
Europe
Razzakov, Abduvali
Thailand
South-East Asia
Siriphanich, Tairjing
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste
Europe South-East Asia
Togo
Africa
Tonga
Western Pacific
Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia
Americas
Tozija, Fimka Ximenes, Rafael dos Santos Fatonzoun, Innocent Mawutoe Akau'ola, Siale Ruiz, Carla
Eastern Mediterranean Somrani, Naoufel; Frigui, Afif
Turkey
Europe
Inan, Huseyin Fazil
Turkmenistan
Europe
Ovezklichev, Begklich
Tuvalu
Western Pacific
Kaitu, Kakee Pese
Uganda
Africa
Kwamusi, Paul
Ukraine
Europe
Fedenko, Irina
United Arab Emirates (the)
Eastern Mediterranean Altair, Yousef
United Kingdom (the)
Europe
Bellis, Mark; Hughes, Sara
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Africa
Mang'enya, Rosa
United States of America (the)
Americas
Dellinger, Ann
Uruguay
Americas
Borba, Norberto
Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam
Europe Western Pacific Americas Western Pacific
Azizov, Mirhakim; Kasimova, Gulnora Taura, Ben Hernández, Fedor Nguyen, Thi Hong Tu
West Bank and Gaza Stripa
Eastern Mediterranean Naji, Basem
Yemen
Eastern Mediterranean Alraiby, Jamila
Zambia
Africa
Mwali, Mutaba
Zimbabwe
Africa
Magirigide, Nyasha
a b c
Non member-area. Questionnaire completed by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). Associate WHO Member State.
Table A.2: Vehicles, road trafďŹ c deaths and proportion of road users by country/area
GENERAL INFORMATION
Afghanistan
Income levelc
27 145 275
319f
Albania
3 190 012
Angola
Number of registered vehicles
Low
731 607
3 290
Middle
349 646
17 024 084
2 560
Middle
671 060
Argentina
39 531 115
6 050
Middle
12 399 887
Armenia
3 002 271
2 640
Middle
366 836
Australia
20 743 179
35 960
High
14 774 921
Austria
8 360 746
42 700
High
5 796 973
Azerbaijan
8 467 167
2 550
Middle
784 018
331 278
18 570f
High
27 058
752 648
f
High
382 977
Bahamas (the) Bahrain Bangladesh
20 610
158 664 959
470
Low
1 054 057
Barbados
293 891
11 290f
Middle
126 262
Belarus
9 688 795
4 220
Middle
3 147 625
Belgium
10 457 343
40 710
High
6 362 161
Belize
287 699
3 800
Middle
54 225
Benin
9 032 787
570
Low
222 850
Bhutan
658 479
1 770
Middle
35 703
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
9 524 568
1 260
Middle
699 646
Bosnia and Herzegovina
3 934 816
3 790
Middle
675 063
Botswana
1 881 504
5 840
Middle
293 755
191 790 929
5 910
Middle
49 644 025
British Virgin Islands
f
23 000
f
43 686
High
14 505
Brunei Darussalam
390 056
30 580f
High
304 432
7 638 831
4 590
Middle
2 628 680
Brazil h
Bulgaria Burkina Faso
14 784 291
430
Low
515 453
8 508 232
110
Low
59 486
Cambodia
14 443 679
540
Low
154 389
Cameroon
18 549 176
1 050
Middle
312 259
Canada
32 876 047
39 420
High
530 437
2 430
Middle
54 158
4 342 735
380
Low
5 834
Burundi
Cape Verde Central African Republic (the)
20 065 000
Chad
10 780 571
540
Low
124 088
Chile
16 634 760
8 350
Middle
2 824 570
China
1 336 317 116
2 360
Middle
145 228 994
46 155 958
3 250
Middle
4 951 225
Colombia Comoros (the)
839 187
680
Low
22 378
Congo (the)
3 768 086
1 540
Middle
100 000
Cook Islands
13 325
13 098f
Middle
10 692
4 467 625
5 560
Middle
797 902
Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic (the)
GNI per capitab for 2007 in US dollars
Population numbersa for 2007
COUNTRY/AREA
VEHICLES
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
4 555 398
10 460
Middle
1 949 936
11 267 883
4 571f
Middle
658 003
854 671
24 940
High
592 480
10 186 330
14 450
High
5 455 110
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse Reported number of traffic deathsd
90% Confidence interval
Point estimate
Drivers/ passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles
Drivers/ passengers of motorized 2- or 3-wheelers
45.3
9.0
5.7
40.0
13.7
41.7
9.5
6.2
19.4
13.9
60.3
0.3
39.4
Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populatione
Cyclists
Pedestrians
Other or unspecified users
1 779
10 593
6 234–22 894
39.0
499
445
366–522
13.9
2 358
6 425
4 376–9 803
37.7
5 281
5 427
371
417
1 616
1 616
7.8
70.2
14.8
2.5
12.5
691
691
8.3
59.0
17.4
5.4
15.6
2.6
1 195
1 099
13.0
59.7
1.2
0.9
38.1
0.1
48
48
14.5
64.0
14.0
22.0
0.0
91
91
12.1
59.4
5.5
6.6
28.6
4 108
20 038
12.6
26.2
8.2
2.6
53.7
36
36
12.2
73.7
7.9
0.0
18.4
1 517
1 517
15.7
47.3
3.8
9.1
39.8
1 067
1 067
10.2
56.0
15.2
8.2
9.7
0.0
12.8
23.4
37.0
3.0
25.0
352–489
900–1 319
14 882–29 155
65
45
15.6
63.8
653
2 815
2 080–3 871
31.2
35.0
111
95
72–115
14.4
1 394
1 594
1 214–2 348
428
428
482
636
35 155
g
23.2
9.3
11.0
16.7
59.0
4.0
1.0
35.0
1.0
10.9
61.0
4.7
5.8
23.7
4.8
33.8
70.9
0.8
1.6
26.0
0.7
35 155
18.3
9.8
20.0
4.6
27.9
37.7
425–968
5
5
21.7
83.0
17.0
0.0
0.0
54
54
13.8
75.8
11.1
1.9
9.2
2.1
1 006
1 006
13.2
65.0
0.0
4.5
26.3
4.2
804
4 595
3 241–5 937
31.1
53.0
34.0
13.0
63
1 989
1 425–2 898
23.4
1 668
1 749
1 385–2 410
12.1
14.9
62.8
4.7
13.3
4.2
1 069
5 206
4 060–6 880
28.1
55.0
17.0
18.0
10.0
2 889
2 889
8.8
76.3
7.3
2.5
13.2
0.7
49
133
96–187
25.1
565j
1 399
975–2 091
32.2
2 549–5 482
13.7
24.3
2.6
6.5
40.1
26.6
16.5
22.6
28.1
9.5
26.0
13.8
11.7
17.2
36.1
7.7
33.6
5.5
75.0
8.0
17.0
60.0
40.0
814
3 696
2 280
2 280
96 611
220 783
5 409
5 409
183 428–333 623
34.3
15
254
163–602
30.3
207
1 084
752–1 575
28.8
6
6
45.0
688
688
15.4
38.3
20.0
619
619
13.6
49.9
964
964
8.6
18.0
89
89
10.4
1 222
1 222
12.0
8.6
33.1
18.8
4.5
20.0
6.8
12.0
14.0
33.0
23.0
50.6
28.1
3.4
18.0
59.4
11.4
9.5
19.2
0.5
241
(Table A.2 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Population numbersa for 2007
GNI per capitab for 2007 in US dollars
VEHICLES
Income levelc
Number of registered vehicles
62 635 723
140
Low
311 781
9 759 664
3 550
Middle
2 121 244
Ecuador
13 341 197
3 080
Middle
961 556
Egypt
Dominican Republic
75 497 913
1 580
Middle
4 300 000
El Salvador
6 857 328
2 850
Middle
630 638
Eritrea
4 850 763
230
Low
60 849
Estonia
1 335 333
13 200
High
708 794
Ethiopia
83 099 190
220
Low
244 257
838 698
3 800
Middle
78 833
Finland
5 276 892
44 400
High
4 656 370
France
Fiji
61 647 375
38 500
High
39 926 000
Gambia (the)
1 708 681
320
Low
14 450
Georgia
4 395 420
2 120
Middle
567 900
Germany
82 599 471
38 860
High
Ghana
23 478 394
590
Low
931 642
Greece
11 146 918
29 630
High
7 212 236
Guatemala
13 353 911
2 305f
Middle
1 613 796
Guinea-Bissau
55 511 374
1 695 043
200
Low
57 839
737 906
1 300
Middle
127 825
Honduras
7 106 001
1 600
Middle
786 682
Hungary
10 029 683
11 570
High
3 625 386
Guyana
Iceland
301 006
54 100
High
293 299
1 169 015 509
950
Low
72 718 000
231 626 978
1 650
Middle
63 318 522
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
71 208 384
3 470
Middle
17 000 000
Iraq
28 993 374
1 646f
Middle
2 242 269
Ireland
4 300 902
48 140
High
2 444 159
Israel
6 927 677
21 900
High
2 283 634
Italy
58 876 834
33 540
High
43 262 992
2 713 779
3 710
Middle
127 966 709
37 670
High
India Indonesia
Jamaica Japan Jordan
320 000 91 378 636
5 924 245
2 850
Middle
841 933
Kazakhstan
15 421 861
5 060
Middle
3 105 954
Kenya
37 537 716
680
Low
1 004 243
95 067
1 170
Middle
f
Kiribati
242
GENERAL INFORMATION
16 000
Kuwait
2 851 144
40 114
High
1 364 790
Kyrgyzstan
5 316 543
590
Low
318 581
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
5 859 393
580
Low
641 081
Latvia
2 277 040
9 930
Middle
1 062 935
Lebanon
4 099 115
5 770
Middle
1 400 000
Lesotho
2 007 833
1 000
Middle
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Liberia
3 750 261
150
Low
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
6 160 483
9 010
Middle
1 826 533
Lithuania
3 389 937
9 920
Middle
1 781 686
Madagascar
19 683 358
320
Low
197 981
Malawi
13 925 070
250
Low
130 000
Malaysia
26 571 879
6 540
Middle
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
11 086
16 825 150
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse Reported number of traffic deathsd
90% Confidence interval
Point estimate
Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populatione
Drivers/ passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles
Drivers/ passengers of motorized 2- or 3-wheelers
Cyclists
Pedestrians
Other or unspecified users
59.0
1.0
365
20 183
14 263–29 458
32.2
40.0
1 838
1 691
1 375–2 058
17.3
87.0
8.0
2 341
1 559
1 198–2 119
11.7
13.5
0.8
15 983
31 439
19 411–47 668
41.6
47.5
0.1
1 493
865
727–1 051
12.6
26.4
2.5
81
2 350
1 301–3 961
48.4
196
196
14.7
66.0
6.0
9.0
19.0
2 441
29 114
35.0
42.8
1.3
0.5
59
59
7.0
75.0
380
380
7.2
70.3
10.8
5.8
12.6
0.5
4 620
4 620
7.5
59.2
25.0
3.1
12.1
0.6
54
625
737
737
16.8
0.0
0.3
27.7
72.0
4 949
4 949
6.0
18.0
10.0
14.0
1.0
1 856
6 942
1 657
1 657
755
1 968
152 207
19 562–44 710
420–897
5 129–9 892
5.0 0.5
43.2
42.0
1.9
20.1
30.4
4.2
63.1
3.8
54.8
0.6
25.0
36.6 58.0
29.6
46.0
5.0
4.5
42.0
2.5
14.9
50.3
30.2
1.3
16.1
2.1
1 701–2 446
14.7
77.5
0.0
22.6
583
383–1 209
34.4
147
104–198
19.9
34.7
15.9
15.9
30.0
3.4
1 266
959
794–1 187
13.5
72.0
5.0
5.0
9.0
9.0
1 232
1 232
12.3
54.4
10.1
11.7
22.7
1.1
g
30
30
10.0
85.0
5.0
105 725
196 445
155 727–266 999
16.8
15.1
27.4
4.3
12.6
40.5
16 548
37 438
29 785–65 158
16.2
7.0
61.0
13.0
15.0
4.0
22 918
25 491
18 726–34 337
35.8
44.9
11.4
33.3
11.0
1 932
11 059
6 933–21 500
38.1
365
365
8.5
61.9
7.9
2.5
20.0
7.7
398
398
5.7
57.6
9.3
1.5
31.6
5 669
5 669
350
334
6 639
6 639
992
2 027
4 714
4 714
3 760
12 918
7
7
270–397 1 407–3 188
10.0
9.6
49.0
26.0
5.5
13.4
12.3
52.0
9.0
8.0
31.0
5.0
37.1
17.6
12.8
32.3
34.2
75.2
0.1
16.2
34.4
42.8
1.2
7.4
51.0
44.0
482
482
16.9
1 214
1 214
22.8
656
1 075
407
407
536
1 170
837–1 625
28.5
402
537
407–728
26.7
—
1 235
770–2 668
32.9
2 138
2 497
1 518–3 760
40.5
60.0
759
759
22.4
594
6 641
4 680–9 859
33.7
839
3 614
2 599–5 064
6 282
6 282
864–1 328
55.0
g
0.2
24.7
30.6 7 459–29 191
6.1
9.0
83.8
47.0 6.0
1.0
43.0
1.0
18.3 17.9
50.4
4.2
8.1
37.3
17.6
0.2
0.0
34.0
48.2
5.0
15.0
20.0
53.7
4.5
6.9
31.9
3.0
26.0
36.0
0.8
18.0
45.0
0.2
23.6
23.3
58.0
3.0
10.1
5.6
243
(Table A.2 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands (the)
Population numbersa for 2007
GNI per capitab for 2007 in US dollars
VEHICLES
Income levelc
Number of registered vehicles
305 556
3 200
Middle
33 807
12 336 799
500
Low
167 245
406 582
f
14 575
High
346 118
59 286
3 070
Middle
Mauritania
3 123 813
840
Low
350 000
Mauritius
1 261 641
5 450
Middle
334 125
106 534 880
8 340
Middle
24 970 879
Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of)
2 487
111 117
2 470
Middle
4 217
2 628 840
1 290
Middle
161 989
597 983
5 180
Middle
199 014
Morocco
31 224 137
2 250
Middle
2 284 060
Mozambique
21 396 916
320
Low
258 680
Myanmar
48 798 212
f
281
Low
1 045 105
Namibia
2 074 146
3 360
Middle
239 612
Nauru
10 152
f
7 842
Middle
Nepal
28 195 994
340
Low
617 305
Netherlands (the)
16 418 824
45 820
High
8 862 935
New Zealand
4 178 525
28 780
High
3 189 131
Nicaragua
5 603 190
980
Middle
382 707
Niger (the)
14 225 521
280
Low
76 061
Nigeria
148 092 542
930
Low
7 600 000
Norway
4 698 097
76 450
High
2 599 712
Oman
2 595 133
11 275f
Middle
629 670
163 902 405
870
Low
5 287 152
Mongolia Montenegro
Pakistan Palau
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
20 314
8 210
Middle
5 530
Panama
3 343 374
5 510
Middle
671 085
Papua New Guinea
6 331 010
850
Low
59 645
Paraguay
6 127 077
1 670
Middle
576 167
Peru
27 902 760
3 450
Middle
1 442 387
Philippines (the)
87 960 117
1 620
Middle
5 515 576
Poland
38 081 971
9 840
Middle
18 035 047
Portugal
10 623 031
18 950
High
5 948 269
3 991 000f
14 720
High
3 165 543
840 635
66 063f
High
605 699
48 223 853
19 690
High
18 213 228
Puerto Ricoj Qatar Republic of Korea (the) Republic of Moldova (the) Romania Russian Federation (the) Rwanda
3 793 604
1 260
Middle
448 202
21 437 887
6 150
Middle
4 611 362
142 498 532
7 560
Middle
38 695 996
9 724 577
320
Low
f
61 000
Saint Lucia
164 924
5 349
Middle
49 700
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
120 402
4 210
Middle
24 334
Samoa
187 023
2 430
Middle
15 903
f
30 926
41 044
High
51 590
157 638
870
Low
1 219
Saudi Arabia
24 734 533
15 440
High
7 398 600
Senegal
12 378 532
820
Low
280 594
Serbia
9 858 424
4 730
Middle
2 235 389
San Marino Sao Tome and Principe
244
GENERAL INFORMATION
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse Reported number of traffic deathsd
90% Confidence interval
Point estimate
Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populatione
Drivers/ passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles
Drivers/ passengers of motorized 2- or 3-wheelers
0.0
75.0
25.0
0.0
3.4
35.7
28.6
0.0
35.7
1.7
100.0 36.4
9.3
29.3
5.5
4.4
21.2
1.1
10
56
37–105
18.3
711
3 959
2 695–5 936
32.1
14
14
1
1
262
1 109
140
140
11.1
25.0
22 103
22 103
20.7
67.9
760–1 595
Cyclists
Pedestrians
Other or unspecified users
35.5
2
16
12–20
14.4
90.0
562
507
366–719
19.3
64.9
16.7
0.4
17.9
10.0
122
122
20.4
75.4
4.1
0.0
20.5
0.1
3 838
8 850
6 273–12 783
28.3
45.7
16.3
7.1
27.9
3.0
1 952
7 432
5 161–10 872
34.7
31.9
1 638
11 422
6 905–16 883
23.4
46.7
9.6
11.5
30.3
368
594
424–667
28.6
3 453–5 288
15.1 4.8
46.0
18.0
24.0
12.0
68.1
1
1
962
4 245
791
791
423
423
10.1
76.0
9.0
2.0
10.0
506
797
627–1 004
14.2
44.0
13.0
8.0
35.0
570
5 357
3 645–8 074
37.7
67.0
4 532
47 865
34 165–78 249
32.3
233
233
798
553
347–920
21.3
7 234
41 494
28 379–76 695
25.3
1.9
9.9
5.0
g
67.0
3.0
33.0 17.0
3.0
10.0
3.0
3
3
14.8
66.7
425
425
12.7
48.3
1.2
3.9
46.1
308
901
684–1 249
14.2
59.9
0.0
0.8
39.3
854
1 206
896–1 710
19.7
2.8
24.2
1.1
36.9
35.0
18.0
3.0
78.0
1.0
3 510
6 001
3 872–8 672
21.5
1 185
17 557
12 457–33 741
20.0
5 583
5 583
1 110
1 110
452
511
404–665
33.3
14.7
51.0
5.0
9.0
35.0
10.4
54.6
22.1
3.5
16.1
3.7
12.8
48.2
17.3
1.6
31.9
1.1
g
k
4.0
27.0
36.6
20.7
4.9
37.4
0.5 1.9
199
199
23.7
69.0
6 166
6 166
12.8
571
571
15.1
57.3
4.1
2.4
34.3
2 712
2 712
12.7
74.5
8.0
6.8
10.8
35 972
35 972
25.2
62.0
2.1
308
3 077
31.6
16.0
15.8
18.5
40.0
29
29
17.6
89.3
8
8
6.6
44.0
0.0
22.0
33.0
19
24
60.0
20.0
1 972–7 079
0.5
20–29
12.8
1
1
20
52
34–72
33.0
3.2
6 358
7 166
5 535–9 544
29.0
345
4 023
2 797–6 034
32.5
65.3
962
962
9.8
58.6
35.9 9.7
10.7 1.0
20.0
g
34.7 5.6
9.2
25.1
1.5
245
(Table A.2 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
GENERAL INFORMATION
Population numbersa for 2007
Seychelles
Income levelc
Number of registered vehicles
86 606
8 960
Middle
14 880
Sierra Leone
5 865 872
260
Low
39 038
Singapore
4 436 281
32 470
High
851 336
Slovakia
5 390 035
11 730
High
2 039 745
Slovenia
2 001 506
20 960
High
1 286 903
495 662
730
Low
10 000
South Africa
48 576 763
5 760
Middle
9 237 574
Spain
44 279 180
29 450
High
31 441 152
Sri Lanka
19 299 190
1 540
Middle
3 125 794
Sudan (the)
38 560 488
960
Middle
1 200 000
Suriname
457 964
4 730
Middle
151 441
Swaziland
1 141 427
2 580
Middle
116 050
Sweden
9 118 955
46 060
High
5 500 000
Switzerland
7 483 973
59 880
High
5 356 000
Solomon Islands
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
19 928 516
1 760
Middle
1 389 346
Tajikistan
6 735 996
460
Low
268 018
Thailand
63 883 662
3 400
Middle
25 618 447
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
2 038 464
3 460
Middle
259 421
Timor-Leste
1 154 775
1 510
Middle
26 649
Togo
6 585 147
360
Low
48 234
Tonga
100 336
2 320
Middle
2 226
Trinidad and Tobago
1 333 272
14 100
High
490 987
Tunisia
10 327 285
3 200
Middle
1 244 918
Turkey
74 876 695
8 020
Middle
13 311 000
4 965 278
f
1 234
Middle
651 564
10 530
2 441f
Middle
906
Uganda
30 883 805
340
Low
Ukraine
46 205 382
2 550
Middle
f
Turkmenistan Tuvalu
363 658 â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
4 380 439
41 082
High
1 754 420
United Kingdom (the)
60 768 946
42 740
High
34 327 520
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
40 453 513
400
Low
577 949
305 826 246
46 040
High
251 422 509
United Arab Emirates (the)
United States of America (the) Uruguay
3 339 700
6 380
Middle
27 372 260
730
Low
226 180
1 840
Middle
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
27 656 832
7 320
Middle
4 044 013
Viet Nam
87 375 196
790
Low
22 926 230
4 018 000f
1 422f
Middle
78 609
Yemen
22 389 169
870
Low
777 734
Zambia
11 921 999
800
Low
222 188
Zimbabwe
13 349 434
131f
Low
1 556 586
Uzbekistan Vanuatu
West Bank and Gaza Striph
a
b
c d e
246
GNI per capitab for 2007 in US dollars
VEHICLES
Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007). E]`ZR ^]^cZObW]\ ^`]a^SQba( BVS $ `SdWaW]\ VWUVZWUVba. New York: United Nations. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is the dollar value of a countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ďŹ nal income in a year divided by its population using Atlas methodology. Data from World Development Indicators database, World Bank, revised 17 October 2008. World Development Indicators database: Low-income is $935 or less, middle-income is $936 to $11 455, high-income is $11 456 or more. Adjusted for 30-day deďŹ nition of a road trafďŹ c death. Modelled using negative binomial regression. Data from countries with complete vital registration and countries with a population of less than 100 000 were not included in the model (see explanatory notes on page 231). GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
f
2007 data not available. Latest available used from http://data.un.org/ Passengers and drivers of any motorized vehicle; includes category "unspeciďŹ ed". Non-member area. i For capital city only. j Associate WHO Member State. k Cyclists and pedestrians. â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Data not available. g
h
952 000 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 15 461
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse Reported number of traffic deathsd
90% Confidence interval
Point estimate
Drivers/ passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles
18.5
65.0
28.3
65.0
20.0 47.7
10.3
27.1
16
16
68
1 661
214
214
4.8
14.9
815
815
15.1
49.6
293
293
14.6
64.5
19
84
16 113
16 113
4 104
4 104
2 334
2 603
2 185–3 097
13.5
2 227
13 362
8 820–19 143
34.7
31.5
1 207–2 441
64–118
Drivers/ passengers of motorized 2- or 3-wheelers
Estimated road traffic death rate per 100 000 populatione
Cyclists
7.0
g
Pedestrians
Other or unspecified users
28.0 15.0
8.0
8.5
33.9
18.1
5.8
11.3
0.3
16.9 33.2
56.8
1.8
2.3
39.1
9.3
62.0
19.0
2.0
15.0
1.0
32.8
2.0
12.7
55.8 0.1
65.2
90
84
63–120
18.3
43.3
31.1
3.3
22.2
235
300
218–405
26.3
62.0
2.0
2.0
35.0
471
471
5.2
65.0
16.0
6.0
12.0
370
370
4.9
48.0
22.0
9.0
21.0
3 663
6 552
5 024–8 684
32.9
464
951
767–1 196
14.1
48.7
1.1
6.0
43.6
0.7
12 492
12 492
19.6
11.0
69.7
2.8
8.3
8.2
140
140
6.9
41.4
10.7
3.6
34.3
10.0
49
186
143–255
16.1
613
1 851
1 298–2 557
28.1
7
7
6.3
43.8
7.0
50.0
1.0
207
207
15.5
62.2
1.9
3.7
32.2
1 497
3 568
2 555–4 948
34.5
50.8
14.4
2.6
32.0
0.3
6 022
10 066
8 394–11 839
13.4
55.0
8.0
1.8
18.9
16.3
702
926
694–1 343
18.6
4.6
28.9
66.5
1
1
2 838
7 634
10.4
35.3
0.1
9 921
9 921
1 056
1 626
3 298
3 298
2 595
13 886
42 642
9.5 5 578–11 007
24.7
47.2
21.5
44.3
37.1
70.0
1.5
5.4
55.0
19.0
4.0
21.0
1.0
34.3
38.3
7.2
16.8
36.8
0.9
42 642
13.9
71.6
11.3
1.8
11.2
4.1
24.6
0.7
912–2 570 9 596–21 504
145
145
4.3
2 644
2 644
9.7
7
42
29–58
7.0
55.7 28.5
18.6
6 031
6 031
12 800
14 104
11 987–16 387
21.8 16.1
74.7
188
896
627–1 287
4.9
3 003
6 553
4 021–15 797
29.3
1 645
3 056
2 194–4 291
25.6
35.4
1 348
3 669
2 749–5 127
27.5
62.8
g
4.2
10.6
49.8
1.0
5.3
26.0
4.9
247
Table A.3: Drinking and driving laws, enforcement and road traffic deaths attributed to alcohol by country/area HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED NATIONAL DRINK–DRIVING LAW
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
Physician certificate
Breath content
Afghanistan
Yesa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Albania
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Angola
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
Argentina
Yes
Yes
—
—
Armenia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
—
COUNTRY/AREA
248
b
Australia
Subnational
Austria
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Bahrain
Yes
a
Yes
—
Yes
Bangladesh
Yesa
—
Yes
—
Barbados
Yesc
—
Yes
—
Belarus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Belize
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Benin
Yes
c
—
—
Yes
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
c
—
—
—
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Botswana
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
British Virgin Islandsd
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
Yes
c
—
—
—
Burundi
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
—
—
Canada
Yes
Yes
—
—
Cape Verde
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Chad
Yes
Yes
—
—
Chile
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
China
Yes
Yes
—
—
Colombia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Comoros (the)
Yesa
—
Yes
—
Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Cook Islands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
—
—
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
c
—
Yes
—
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT RANDOM BREATH TESTING (RESPONDENT OR POLICE CHECK POINTS CONSENSUS) USED FOR ENFORCEMENT (SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS For the general population (g/dl)
For young or novice drivers (g/dl)
For professional or commercial drivers (g/dl)
PROPORTION OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
10
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
5.2
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.00
—
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
6.1
Yes
n/a
0.05
0.02
0.05
30.0
Yes
9
0.05
0.01
0.01
8.1
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.7
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
5.0
No
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.7
—
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
2
—
—
—
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
12.9
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
5
—
—
—
—
No
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
—
—
—
—
Yes
6
0.03
0.00
0.00
6.7
Yes
7
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.8
Yes
6
0.02
0.02
0.02
—
Yes
—
0.08
0.08
0.08
4.0
Yes
6
0.08
0.08
0.08
3.7
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
4.7
—
1
—
—
—
—
Yes
1
0.10
0.10
0.10
70.0
—
—
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.08
0.04
0.08
30.0
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
0
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
20.9
Yes
8
0.02
0.02
0.02
4.2
Yes
5
0.04
0.04
0.04
2.6
Yes
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.0
—
—
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
—
4
0.04
0.04
0.04
—
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.00
0.00
30.0
Yes
4
—
—
—
30.0
Yes
4
0.05
0.05
0.05
18.0
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.4
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
(Table A.3 continued) NATIONAL DRINK–DRIVING LAW
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
Physician certificate
Breath content
Dominican Republic
Yesc
—
Yes
Yes
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
—
—
Egypt
Yes
c
—
—
—
El Salvador
Yes
Yes
—
—
Eritrea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Estonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethiopia
Yes
c
—
—
—
Fiji
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
France
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Gambia (the)
Yes
c
—
—
—
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Ghana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Greece
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
—
Guatemala Guinea-Bissau
Yes
c
Guyana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Honduras
Yes
Yes
—
—
Hungary
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
India
Yes
Yes
—
—
Indonesia
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iraq
Yes
Yes
—
—
Ireland
Yes
Yes
—
—
Israel
Yes
Yes
—
—
Italy
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Japan
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
c
—
Yes
—
Kenya
Yesc
—
Yes
—
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kuwait
Yes
a
Yes
Yes
—
Kyrgyzstan
Yesc
—
Yes
Yes
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Latvia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Lebanon
Yes
Yes
—
—
Lesotho
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Liberia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Yes
—
—
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED
Yes
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
—
—
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Malawi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT RANDOM BREATH TESTING (RESPONDENT OR POLICE CHECK POINTS CONSENSUS) USED FOR ENFORCEMENT (SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS For the general population (g/dl)
For young or novice drivers (g/dl)
For professional or commercial drivers (g/dl)
PROPORTION OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
2
—
—
—
—
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
9.1
No
4
—
—
—
—
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.5
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.03
1.2
Yes
8
0.02
0.02
0.02
48.0
No
1
—
—
—
10.0
Yes
7
0.08
0.00
0.00
27.0
Yes
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
23.9
Yes
4
0.05
0.05
0.05
27.0
Yes
4
—
—
—
—
No
9
0.02
0.02
0.02
37.0
Yes
—
0.05
0.00
0.05
12.0
Yes
2
0.08
0.00
0.08
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.02
0.02
7.2
n/a
n/a
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
—
No
3
—
—
—
—
Yes
—
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.07
0.07
0.07
8.0
Yes
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.0
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
20.0
Yes
3
0.03
0.03
0.03
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
No
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
No consensus
0.08
0.08
0.08
37.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
7.5
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
No consensus
No
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
No consensus
0.03
0.03
0.03
8.3
—
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
10
—
—
—
3.2
No
2
—
—
—
—
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
30.0
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
4
—
—
—
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
48.0
Yes
7
0.05
0.02
0.05
20.6
Yes
1
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
5
0.10
0.10
0.10
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
No
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
Yes
6
0.04
0.02
0.02
11.7
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
6
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
251
(Table A.3 continued) NATIONAL DRINK–DRIVING LAW
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
Physician certificate
Breath content
Mali
Yesc
—
Yes
Yes
Malta
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
c
—
—
—
Mauritania
Yesa
—
—
—
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
No
a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Namibia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Nauru
Yes
Yes
—
—
Nepal
Yesc
—
—
—
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Niger (the)
Yesc
—
—
—
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Norway
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Oman
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pakistan
Yesa
—
Yes
—
Palau
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Panama
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Paraguay Peru
Yes
Yes
—
—
Philippines (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poland
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
Portugal f
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Qatar
Yes
Yes
—
—
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Puerto Rico
252
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Saint Lucia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yesc
—
—
—
Samoa
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
San Marino
Yes
Yes
—
—
Sao Tome and Principe
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Senegal
Yes
Yes
—
—
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT RANDOM BREATH TESTING (RESPONDENT OR POLICE CHECK POINTS CONSENSUS) USED FOR ENFORCEMENT (SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS For the general population (g/dl)
For young or novice drivers (g/dl)
For professional or commercial drivers (g/dl)
PROPORTION OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
3
—
—
—
—
No
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
6
—
—
—
70.0
—
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
24.3
Yes
3
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
—
n/a
n/a
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
90.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.7
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.00
—
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.0
Yes
7
0.06
0.06
0.06
—
Yes
5
0.07
0.07
0.07
—
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
—
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
6
—
—
—
—
Yes
No consensus
0.05
0.02
0.05
25.0
Yes
6
0.08
0.03
0.08
31.0
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
12.0
No
3
—
—
—
1.0
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.05
<10.0
Yes
4
0.02
0.02
0.02
20.0–30.0
Yes
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
4
0.10
0.00
0.00
100.0e
Yes
6
0.01
0.01
0.01
—
Yes
5
—
—
—
66.0
n/a
3
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
—
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.05
10.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
7
0.02
0.02
0.02
14.0
Yes
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
31.4
Yes
—
0.08
0.00
0.02
41.7
No
6
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
16.1
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.05
17.0
Yes
8
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.5
Yes
6
0.03
0.03
0.03
9.7
Yes
8
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
1
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Yes
1
—
—
—
50.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
7
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
0
—
—
—
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.00
6.0
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
80.0
253
(Table A.3 continued)
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED NATIONAL DRINK–DRIVING LAW
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
Physician certificate
Breath content
Sierra Leone
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Singapore
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Solomon Islands
c
Yes
—
—
—
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sudan (the)
Yesa
—
Yes
Yes
Suriname
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
—
—
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Thailand
Yes
Yes
—
—
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Togo
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Tonga
Yesc
—
Yes
—
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Turkey
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Turkmenistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
c
Yes
—
—
—
Uganda
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Ukraine
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
United States of America (the) Uruguay
Yes
Yes
—
—
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vanuatu
Yes
c
—
—
—
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
a
—
Yes
—
West Bank and Gaza Strip
d
Yemen
Yes
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
a
Alcohol is prohibited. Laws set subnationally, but they all have the same limits. Not defined by BAC or no standardized definition. d Non-member area. e Refers to only 3 deaths. f Associate WHO Member State. — Data not available. n/a Data not applicable. b c
254
Subnational
b
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT RANDOM BREATH TESTING (RESPONDENT OR POLICE CHECK POINTS CONSENSUS) USED FOR ENFORCEMENT (SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS For the general population (g/dl)
For young or novice drivers (g/dl)
For professional or commercial drivers (g/dl)
PROPORTION OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
8
0.08
0.08
0.08
7.0
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.3
Yes
6
0.05
0.00
0.00
38.4
Yes
3
—
—
—
55.0
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.02
60.0
Yes
7
0.05
0.03
0.03
—
Yes
6
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
No
10
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
4
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.0
Yes
6
0.02
0.02
0.02
20.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
16.0
No
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
9
0.03
0.03
0.03
5.0
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
4.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.00
0.00
4.6
Yes
0
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
5
—
—
—
25.0
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.7
Yes
9
0.05
0.05
0.00
2.0
Yes
10
0.05
0.05
0.05
7.4
Yes
6
—
—
—
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.00
—
Yes
—
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
8
0.10
0.10
0.10
—
Yes
No consensus
0.08
0.08
0.08
17.0
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.00
1.8
Yes
—
0.08
0.02
0.04
32.0
Yes
1
0.08
0.08
0.08
38.0
Yes
9
—
—
—
—
Yes
6
—
—
—
—
Yes
7
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
34.0
No
1
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
—
—
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
1
0.08
0.08
0.08
50.0
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.2
255
Table A.4: Seat-belt and child restraint laws, enforcement and wearing rates by country/area SEAT-BELTS
There is a national seat-belt law
The law applies to all occupants
Enforcement is applied to the following occupants
Afghanistan
No
n/a
n/a
Albania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Angola
No
n/a
n/a
Argentina
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Armenia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Australia
Subnational
Yes
All occupants
Austria
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
COUNTRY/AREA
Bahrain
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Bangladesh
No
n/a
n/a
Barbados
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Belarus
Yes
Yes
—
Belgium
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Belize
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Benin
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
No
n/a
n/a
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Botswana
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Brazil
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Burkina Faso
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Cambodia
Yes
No
—
Cameroon
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Subnational
Yes
All occupants
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
British Virgin Islands
a
Burundi
Canada Cape Verde
256
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Chad
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Chile
Yes
Yes
All occupants
China
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Colombia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Comoros (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Congo (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Cook Islands
No
n/a
n/a
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Croatia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Cuba
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child restraint law
Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
n/a
—
No
n/a
9
30% front seats
Yes
8
n/a
—
No
n/a
3
48%
No
n/a
3
—
Yes
5
n/a
97% front seats, 92% rear seats
Subnational
n/a
7
89% front seats, 49% rear seats
Yes
9
9
—
Yes
9
0
—
Yes
0
4
22%
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
8
—
Yes
7
7
—
Yes
6
3
79% drivers, 46% rear seats
Yes
6
4
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
4
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
5
7
74% drivers, 79% rear seats
No
n/a
6
88% front seats, 11% rear seats
Yes
4
7
80%
Yes
5
7
70% front seats
Yes
4
8
—
Yes
4
n/a
—
No
n/a
8
95% front seats, 0% rear seats
No
n/a
1
0%
Yes
0
3
—
No
n/a
7
93% front seats, 87% rear seats
Subnational
8
8
80%
Yes
6
3
—
Subnational
n/a
1
1% front seats, <1% rear seats
No
n/a
5
50% front seats, 42% rear seats
Yes
4
No consensus
50%
b
No
n/a
7
82%
Yes
3
n/a
—
No
n/a
3
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
82%
Yes
6
7
45%
Yes
5
8
70% front seats
No
n/a
7
81% front seats, 9% rear seats
Yes
3
8
90% front seats, 80% rear seats
Yes
7
7
80% front seats, 40% rear seats
No
n/a
257
(Table A.4 continued)
There is a national seat-belt law
The law applies to all occupants
Enforcement is applied to the following occupants
Dominican Republic
Yes
No
Driver only
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
COUNTRY/AREA
Egypt
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
El Salvador
Yes
No
Driver only
Eritrea
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Estonia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Ethiopia
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Fiji
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Finland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
France
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Gambia (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Georgia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Germany
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Ghana
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Greece
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Guatemala
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Guinea-Bissau
No
n/a
n/a
Guyana
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Honduras
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Hungary
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Iceland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
India
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Indonesia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Iraq
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Ireland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Israel
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Italy
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Japan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Jordan
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Kenya
Yes
Yes
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Kuwait
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Not yet enforced
Latvia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Lebanon
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Lesotho
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
d
No
Front seat occupants only
Liberia
258
SEAT-BELTS
No
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Madagascar
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Malawi
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Malaysia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child restraint law
Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
6
55%–60% front seats
No
n/a
3
30% front seats, 10% rear seats
No
n/a
7
70% driver only
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
0
9
—
Yes
2
7
90% front seats, 68% rear seats
Yes
8
n/a
20%
No
n/a
9
95% front seats, 70% rear seats
Yes
5
7
89% front seats, 80% rear seats
Yes
7
8
98% front seats, 83% rear seats
Yes
5
4
—
No
n/a
8
—
Yes
7
—
95%–96% front seats, 88% rear seats
Yes
—
2
—
Yes
0
7
75% front seats, 42% rear seats
Yes
6
5
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
0
7
80% front seats, 10% rear seats
No
n/a
4
71% front seats, 40% rear seats
Yes
4
8
88% front seats, 68% rear seats
Yes
8
2
—
No
n/a
7
85%c
No
n/a
8
75%–80%
No
n/a
8
—
No
n/a
No consensus
86% front seats, 63% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
8
88%–94% front seats, 45% rear seats
Yes
5
7
65% front seats, 10% rear seats
Yes
7
5
69% drivers, 62% front passengers
Yes
4
No consensus
91%–96% front seats, 9%–14% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
5
65% drivers, 10% front passenger
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
7
3
—
No
n/a
1
—
Yes
0
3
—
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
—
—
No
n/a
7
77% front seats, 32% rear seats
Yes
6
4
15%
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
4
5%
No
n/a
6
—
Yes
5
6
—
No
n/a
6
45%
No
n/a
6
70%
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
(Table A.4 continued)
There is a national seat-belt law
The law applies to all occupants
Enforcement is applied to the following occupants
Mali
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Malta
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Marshall Islands (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Mexico
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Micronesia (Federated States of)
No
n/a
n/a
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Mozambique
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Myanmar
—
—
—
Namibia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Nauru
No
n/a
n/a
Nepal
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Nicaragua
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Niger (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Norway
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Oman
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Pakistan
Yes
No
Driver only
Palau
No
n/a
n/a
Panama
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Paraguay
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Peru
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Philippines (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Poland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Portugal
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Puerto Ricog
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Qatar
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Romania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Saint Lucia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Samoa
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
San Marino
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Sao Tome and Principe
No
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
COUNTRY/AREA
SEAT-BELTS
Senegal
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Seychelles
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child restraint law
Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
5
—
Yes
2
8
96% front seats, 21% rear seats
Yes
6
n/a
5% front seats, 0% rear seats
No
n/a
1
—
Yes
1
8
94% front seats, 10% rear seats
No
n/a
5
—
Yes
1
n/a
100% front seats, 0% rear seats
No
n/a
7
70%–80% drviers
Yes
2
6
—
No
n/a
8
75% front seats, 19% rear seats
No
n/a
—
—
No
n/a
—
—
—
—
6
55% front seats, 1% rear seats
Yes
2
n/a
—
No
n/a
4
—
No
n/a
No consensus
94% front seats, 73% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
9
95% front seats, 87% rear seats
Yes
8
5
—
Yes
3
n/a
—
No
n/a
6
70% front seats
No
n/a
6
93% front seats, 85% rear seats
Yes
9
9
95% front seats, 1% rear seats
No
n/a
3
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
3
6
—
No
n/a
No
n/a
5
31% front passengers
e
7
85% front seats, 25% rear seats
No
n/a
3
52% drivers only
No
n/a
7
74% front seats, 45% rear seats
Yes
6
f
f
9
86% front seats, 28% rear seats
Yes
8
—
93%
Yes
No consensus
7
50% front seats
No
n/a
8
77% front seats
Yes
2
No consensus
—
No
n/a
5
80% front seats, 20% rear seats
Yes
3
7
33% front seats
Yes
8
9
80%
No
n/a
7
—
No
n/a
9
90%
Yes
6
3
—
Yes
1
6
—
Yes
6
n/a
<1%
No
n/a
5
—
Yes
2
6
—
No
n/a
4
50%–60% front seats, 4%–5% rear seats
Subnational
n/a
8
65%
No
n/a
261
(Table A.4 continued)
There is a national seat-belt law
The law applies to all occupants
Enforcement is applied to the following occupants
Sierra Leone
Yes
Yesh
All occupantsh
Singapore
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Solomon Islands
No
n/a
n/a
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Spain
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Sri Lanka
No
n/a
n/a
Sudan (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Suriname
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Sweden
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Thailand
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
COUNTRY/AREA
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Togo
No
n/a
n/a
Tonga
No
n/a
n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Tunisia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Turkey
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Turkmenistan
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Tuvalu
No
n/a
n/a
Uganda
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Ukraine
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
No
Driver only
United States of America (the)
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Vanuatu
Yes
No
—
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Viet Nam
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
West Bank and Gaza Stripa
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Yemen
No
n/a
n/a
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Zimbabwe
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
a
Non-member area. Guangzhou and Nanning cities only. Jakarta only. d No law but national regulations apply. e Asunción only. f On urban roads only. g Associate WHO Member State. h Over the age of 18 years. — Data not available. n/a Data not applicable. b c
262
SEAT-BELTS
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child restraint law
Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement (Respondent consensus) (Scale 0–10)
1
—
Yes
1
8
50%
Yes
7
8
—
Yes
9
7
85% front seats, 51% rear seats
Yes
6
n/a
—
No
n/a
2
50% front seats, 8% rear seats
Yes
2
8
89% front seats, 69% rear seats
Yes
7
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
No
n/a
7
70% front seats, 30% rear seats
Yes
3
7
—
No
n/a
3
96% front seats, 90% rear seats
Yes
2
7
86% front seats, 61% rear seats
Yes
8
9
81% front seats
No
n/a
3
—
Yes
1
5
56% front seats, 3% rear seats
No
n/a
6
16%
No
n/a
0
5%–10% front seats, ≤1% rear seats
Yes
0
0
0%
No
n/a
n/a
<1%
No
n/a
6
—
Yes
6
2
—
No
n/a
8
70%
Yes
7
7
—
No
n/a
n/a
0%
No
n/a
2
—
Subnational
n/a
—
—
No
n/a
7
61% front seats
No
n/a
No consensus
91% front seats, 84%–90% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
3
30% front seats, 5% rear seats
No
n/a
n/a
82% front seats, 76% rear seats
Subnational
n/a
3
—
Yes
1
10
—
—
—
1
—
No
n/a
6
—
Yes
5
3
—
No
n/a
3
—
Yes
1
n/a
—
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
8
—
No
n/a
263
Table A.5: Speed laws and enforcement by country/area
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS ARE SET AT A NATIONAL LEVEL
SPEED LIMITS ARE MODIFIABLE AT A LOCAL LEVEL
LEGISLATION DIFFERS BY VEHICLE TYPE
On urban roads (km/h)
On rural roads (km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
Afghanistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
10
Albania
Yes
Yes
Yes
40
80
9
COUNTRY/AREA
Angola
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
5
Argentina
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–60
110
3
Armenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
5
Australia
Subnational
Yes
Yes
50
100
Subnational
Austria
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
7
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
9
Bahamas (the)
Yes
No
Yes
48
72
5
Bahrain
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
4
Bangladesh
Yes
No
Yes
25
40
0
Barbados
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
5
Belarus
Yes
No
Yes
60
—
6
Belgium
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
5
Belize
Yes
No
Yes
40
—
1
Benin
Yes
No
No
50
—
2
Bhutan
Yes
No
Yes
30
50
3
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
No
No
40
80
3
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
—
6
Botswana
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
120
8
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
60–80
60
6
British Virgin Islandsa
Yes
No
No
32
64
6
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
No
Yes
80
65
7
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
3
Burundi
Yes
No
Yes
60
90
5
Cambodia
Yes
No
Yes
40
90
1
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
4
Subnational
Yes
No
70
80
5
Cape Verde
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–60
60–90
4
Canada
Chad
Yes
No
No
50
80
2
Chile
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100
5
China
Yes
Yes
Yes
30–50
40–70
8
Colombia
Yes
No
No
60
80
4
Comoros (the)
Yes
No
No
30
70
3
Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–60
50–110
3
Cook Islands
Yes
No
No
50
50
4
Costa Rica
Yes
No
No
40
40
6
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Cuba
Yes
No
Yes
50
90
5
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
No
50
80
6
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
5
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
5
264
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS ARE SET AT A NATIONAL LEVEL
SPEED LIMITS ARE MODIFIABLE AT A LOCAL LEVEL
LEGISLATION DIFFERS BY VEHICLE TYPE
On urban roads (km/h)
On rural roads (km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
Dominican Republic
Yes
No
No
35
60
2
Ecuador
Yes
No
Yes
50
100
3
Egypt
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
7
El Salvador
Yes
No
Yes
50
—
4
Eritrea
Yes
No
Yes
60
35
7
Estonia
Yes
Yes
No
50
90
6
COUNTRY/AREA
Ethiopia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
70
2
Fiji
Yes
No
Yes
50
60
7
Finland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
7
France
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Gambia (the)
Yes
No
No
50
30
3
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
8
Germany
Yes
No
Yes
50
100
—
Ghana
Yes
No
No
50
80
2
Greece
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Guatemala
Yes
Yes
Yes
10–90
40–80
3
Guinea-Bissau
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
4
Guyana
Yes
No
No
48
64
4
Honduras
Yes
Yes
No
40
—
3
Hungary
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
4
Iceland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80–90
7
Subnational
Yes
Yes
—
—
4
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
Yes
70
100
3
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
No
Yes
50
60
6
Iraq
Yes
No
Yes
100
—
5
Ireland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
No consensus
Israel
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80–90
5
Italy
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Jamaica
Yes
No
Yes
50
—
India
b
Japan
Yes
Yes
Yes
n/a
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
50–80
b
3
n/a
No consensus
80–120
6
Kazakhstan
Yes
No
No
60
60
5
Kenya
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
4
Kiribati
Yes
No
No
40
60
6
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
Yes
45
80
6
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
—
60
60
7
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
No
Yes
40
50
5
Latvia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Lebanon
Yes
Yes
Yes
100
60
4
Lesotho
Yes
No
No
50
80
5
Liberia
Yes
No
No
40
72
2
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
No
Yes
50
70
3
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
—
265
(Table A.5 continued)
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS ARE SET AT A NATIONAL LEVEL
SPEED LIMITS ARE MODIFIABLE AT A LOCAL LEVEL
LEGISLATION DIFFERS BY VEHICLE TYPE
On urban roads (km/h)
On rural roads (km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
Malawi
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
5
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Maldives
Yes
No
Yes
30
30
5
Mali
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
4
Malta
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
5
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
No
No
40
40
5
COUNTRY/AREA
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
Yes
80
80
4
Mauritius
Yes
No
Yes
40–80
40–80
4
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–80
60–90
4
Subnational
No
No
32
40
6
Mongolia
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
4
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
6
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100
5
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
70
9
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
Yes
40
40
5
Namibia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100–120
4
Nauru
Yes
No
No
40
40
—
Nepal
Yes
No
Yes
40
—
5
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
No consensus
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
7
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
No
45
100
3
Niger (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
2
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
50
4
Norway
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
6
Oman
Yes
No
Yes
120
120
6
Pakistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
70
—
4
Palau
Yes
No
No
40
50
5
Panama
Yes
No
Yes
80
—
7
Papua New Guinea
Yes
No
No
60
75
1
Paraguay
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
3
Peru
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
1
Philippines (the)
Yes
No
Yes
40
40
3
Poland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
5
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
8
Portugal c
Yes
No
Yes
40
73
—
Qatar
Yes
No
No
100
60
7
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
7
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
No consensus
Puerto Rico
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
50
5
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
6
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
Yes
30–40
50–60
9
Saint Lucia
Yes
No
Yes
32
64
0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
No
Yes
32
64
4
Samoa
Yes
No
No
40
56
6
San Marino
Yes
No
Yes
50
70
5
Sao Tome and Principe
Yes
No
Yes
30–40
40–50
3
Saudi Arabia
Yes
No
No
80
—
5
266
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS ARE SET AT A NATIONAL LEVEL
SPEED LIMITS ARE MODIFIABLE AT A LOCAL LEVEL
LEGISLATION DIFFERS BY VEHICLE TYPE
On urban roads (km/h)
On rural roads (km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
Senegal
Yes
No
Yes
50
90
4
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
4
COUNTRY/AREA
Seychelles
Yes
No
No
40
65
3
Sierra Leone
Yes
No
No
70
100
6
Singapore
Yes
No
No
40–70
n/a
8
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
7
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Solomon Islands
Yes
No
No
60
n/a
5
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100
3
Spain
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
8
Sri Lanka
Yes
No
Yes
50
70
5
Sudan (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
7
Suriname
Yes
No
Yes
40
80
5
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
6
Sweden
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
70
5
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
7
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
45–60
45–60
8
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
8
Thailand
Yes
Yes
Yes
80
90
2
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
No
Yes
60
80
4
Timor-Leste
Yes
No
Yes
50
90
0
Togo
Yes
No
No
40
60
4
Tonga
Yes
No
No
40
65
7
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
No
Yes
50
50
3
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
50
5
Turkey
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
8
Turkmenistan
Yes
No
No
60
90
9
Tuvalu
Yes
No
No
64
—
6
Uganda
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
2
Ukraine
Yes
No
No
60
40
—
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
40
7
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
No consensus
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
No
Yes
50
—
3
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
No
Yes
45–75
—
1
Uzbekistan
Yes
No
Yes
70
70
7
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
Yes
35–60
n/a
3
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
No
Yes
40
—
4
Viet Nam
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
6
West Bank and Gaza Stripa
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
3
Yemen
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
3
United States of America (the)
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
5
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
8
a
Non-member area. Different road classification used. Associate WHO Member State. — Data not available. n/a Data not applicable. b c
267
Table A.6: Helmet laws, enforcement and wearing rates by country/area
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS THERE IS A NATIONAL HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Afghanistan
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Albania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Angola
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Argentina
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Armenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Australia
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Austria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahrain
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bangladesh
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Barbados
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belarus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belize
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Benin
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Botswana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Brazil b
British Virgin Islands
Yes
—
—
—
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burundi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
No
No
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Canada
268
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cape Verde
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Chad
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Chile
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
China
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Colombia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Comoros (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cook Islands
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions to the helmet law
The helmet law applies to all road types
The helmet law applies to all engine types
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL HELMET WEARING RATE (%)
—
Yes
Yes
10
Yes
—
No
Yes
—
5
Yes
—
No
No
No
1
Yes
13
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
n/a
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
95
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
10–15
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
9
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
No
No
No consensus
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
98
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
No
21c
No
Yes
No
1
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
10
Yes
99
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
No
90
Yes
Yes
No
3
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
51
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
100d
No
Yes
Yes
No consensus
Yes
16e
—
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
70
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
68a
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
97f
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
(Table A.6 continued) THERE IS A NATIONAL HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Dominican Republic
Yes
Yes
—
—
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Egypt
Yes
Yes
No
No
El Salvador
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Eritrea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Estonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethiopia
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Fiji
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
France
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gambia (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ghana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Greece
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guatemala
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guinea-Bissau
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Guyana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Honduras
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Hungary
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
India
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iraq
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Ireland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Israel
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Italy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Japan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kenya
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Kiribati
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Latvia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lebanon
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lesotho
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Liberia
Noi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Malawi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions to the helmet law
The helmet law applies to all road types
The helmet law applies to all engine types
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
No
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL HELMET WEARING RATE (%)
—
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
No
70%
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
60
No
Yes
Yes
10
Yes
90
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
95f
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
95
No
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
97f
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
58f
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
60
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
95
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
93g
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
13–15
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
No consensus
—
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
60
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
7f
No
Yes
Yes
No consensus
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
—
—
Yes
No
5
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
No
77f
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
93h
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
Yes
Yes
No
7
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
90f
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
271
(Table A.6 continued) THERE IS A NATIONAL HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Mali
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malta
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/AREA
Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Namibia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nauru
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Nepal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
Yes
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Niger (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Norway
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Oman
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pakistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Palau
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Panama
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines (the) Poland Portugal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
j
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Qatar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Puerto Rico
272
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Rwanda
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saint Lucia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Samoa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
San Marino
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sao Tome and Principe
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
No
No
Senegal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions to the helmet law
The helmet law applies to all road types
The helmet law applies to all engine types
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
No
Yes
No
2
Yes
—
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL HELMET WEARING RATE (%)
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
No
95
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
50f
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
100
—
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
67f
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
60
No
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
Yes
Yes
No
No consensus
Yes
92f
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
<5
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
100
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
34
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
90
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
85
No
Yes
No
1
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
90f
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
No consensus
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
—
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
95
273
(Table A.6 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
THERE IS A NATIONAL HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Sierra Leone
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Singapore
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Solomon Islands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sudan (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Suriname
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Thailand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Togo
i
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tonga
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkmenistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uganda
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ukraine
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
Yes
No
No
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United States of America (the)
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
West Bank and Gaza Stripb
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yemen
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Law lax or not enforced. b Non-member area. c Phnom Penh only. d Metropolitan area only. e Guangxi province only. f Drivers only. g Survey conducted in 10 provinces and 31 cities. h Riga only. i No law, but regulations enforced. j Associate WHO Member State. k Montevideo only. â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Data not available. n/a Data not applicable.
274
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions to the helmet law
The helmet law applies to all road types
The helmet law applies to all engine types
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVERALL ENFORCEMENT (RESPONDENT CONSENSUS) (SCALE 0–10)
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL HELMET WEARING RATE (%)
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
56
No
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
100
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
95f
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
98f
Yes
Yes
No
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
7
No
90
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
80
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
Yes
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
100
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
—
No
Yes
No
6
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
27
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
2f
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
70f
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
1
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
12f
No
Yes
No
8
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No consensus
Yes
98
Yes
Yes
No
4
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
58
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
50k
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
55
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
85
Yes
No
No
3
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
10
No
100
No
Yes
Yes
9
—
—
275
Table A.7: Road safety management, strategies and policies by country/area
LEAD AGENCY
A lead agency is present
COUNTRY/AREA
STRATEGIES
Lead agency status
The lead agency is funded
There is a national road safety strategy
The strategy includes measurable national targets
The strategy is funded
Afghanistan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Albania
Yes
Interministerial
No
No
n/a
n/a
Angola
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Argentina
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Armenia
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Australia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Austria
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Azerbaijan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahrain
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Bangladesh
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
No
Barbados
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Belarus
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belize
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
No
Benin
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Bhutan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
No
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Botswana
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Brazil b
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Governmental
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Bulgaria
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
British Virgin Islands
Burundi
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Cambodia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Cameroon
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Canada
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cape Verde
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
a
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Chad
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
n/a
n/a
Chile
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
China
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Colombia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Comoros (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Congo (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Cook Islands
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Costa Rica
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Croatia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Cyprus
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
276
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are national policies to promote walking and cycling
There are national policies to promote investment in public transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE INSURANCE REQUIRED
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on new roads existing roads
Subnational
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
—
—
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
—
—
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No consensus
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
277
(Table A.7 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
LEAD AGENCY
A lead agency is present
Lead agency status
STRATEGIES
The lead agency is funded
There is a national road safety strategy
The strategy includes measurable national targets
The strategy is funded
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Dominican Republic
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Ecuador
Yes
Governmental
Yes
—
—
—
Egypt
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
No
El Salvador
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
No
Eritrea
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Estonia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethiopia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fiji
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
France
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gambia (the)
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Georgia
Yes
Other
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Ghana
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Greece
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
No
Guatemala
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Guinea-Bissau
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Guyana
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Honduras
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Hungary
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
India
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Indonesia
Yes
Other
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Other
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Iraq
Yes
Governmental
No
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Ireland
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Israel
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Italy
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jamaica
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Japan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Jordan
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Kenya
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kiribati
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
No
Kuwait
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
No
Latvia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Lebanon
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
n/a
n/a
Lesotho
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Liberia
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Lithuania
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Madagascar
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
No
Malawi
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
278
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are national policies to promote walking and cycling
There are national policies to promote investment in public transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE INSURANCE REQUIRED
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on new roads existing roads
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No consensus
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
(Table A.7 continued)
LEAD AGENCY
STRATEGIES The strategy includes measurable national targets
A lead agency is present
Lead agency status
The lead agency is funded
Malaysia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Maldives
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mali
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
There is a national road safety strategy
The strategy is funded
Malta
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Mauritania
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Mauritius
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Micronesia (Federated States of)
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
No
No
Mongolia
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Montenegro
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Morocco
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mozambique
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Myanmar
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Namibia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Nauru
Yes
—
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Nepal
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Niger (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Nigeria
Yes
Other
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Norway
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Oman
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Pakistan
Yes
Governmental
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Palau
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Panama
Yes
Governmental
Yes
—
—
—
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Governmental
No
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Paraguay
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Peru
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Philippines (the)
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Poland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Portugal
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Puerto Ricod
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Qatar
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
Romania
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Rwanda
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Saint Lucia
Yes
Governmental
No
No
n/a
n/a
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Samoa
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
No
San Marino
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Sao Tome and Principe
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are national policies to promote walking and cycling
There are national policies to promote investment in public transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE INSURANCE REQUIRED
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on new roads existing roads
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Noc
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
No
No
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
281
(Table A.7 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
LEAD AGENCY
A lead agency is present
Lead agency status
STRATEGIES
The lead agency is funded
There is a national road safety strategy
The strategy includes measurable national targets
The strategy is funded
Senegal
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Serbia
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Seychelles
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sierra Leone
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Singapore
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Solomon Islands
Yes
Governmental
—
—
—
—
South Africa
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Sri Lanka
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
n/a
n/a
Sudan (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Suriname
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Swaziland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Tajikistan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Thailand
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Timor-Leste
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Togo
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Tonga
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
—
—
—
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Tunisia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Turkmenistan
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Tuvalu
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
No
No
Uganda
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Ukraine
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Kingdom (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
n/a
n/a
United States of America (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
Other
Uzbekistan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Vanuatu
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Viet Nam
Yes b
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Yemen
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Zambia
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Governmental
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
West Bank and Gaza Strip
a
Not formally endorsed by government. b Non-member area. c Required in some States. d Associate WHO Member State. — Data not available. n/a Data not applicable.
282
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are national policies to promote walking and cycling
There are national policies to promote investment in public transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE INSURANCE REQUIRED
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on new roads existing roads
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Noc
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
—
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
283
Table A.8: Pre-hospital care systems by country/area
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL CARE SYSTEM
COUNTRY/AREA
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Afghanistan
No
n/a
n/a
—
Albania
Yes
No
Yes
2253364
Angola
No
n/a
n/a
—
Argentina
Yes
No
Yes
—
Armenia
Yes
Yes
—
103
Australia
Yes
Yes
—
000
Austria
Yes
Yes
—
144
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
103
Bahamas (the)
—
—
—
—
Bahrain
Yes
Yes
—
999
Bangladesh
No
n/a
n/a
—
Barbados
Yes
Yes
—
511
Belarus
Yes
Yes
—
103
Belgium
Yes
Yes
—
100
Belize
Yes
Yes
—
911
Benin
No
n/a
n/a
—
Bhutan
No
Yes
a
n/a
112
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
Yes
—
110
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
124
Botswana
Yes
Yes
—
997
Brazil
Yes
Yes
—
192
British Virgin Islands
Yes
Yes
—
911
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
—
—
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
—
150
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
—
18
Burundi
No
n/a
n/a
—
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
—
119
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
—
19, 119
Canada
Yes
Yes
Yes
911
Cape Verde
No
n/a
n/a
—
b
Central African Republic (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Chad
No
n/a
n/a
—
Chile
Yes
Yes
—
131
China
Yes
Yes
—
120
Colombia
Yes
—
—
—
Comoros (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Congo (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Cook Islands
No
n/a
n/a
—
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
—
911
Croatia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Cuba
Yes
Yes
Yes
106
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
Yes
199, 112
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
112, 155
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Dominican Republic
Yes
Yes
—
911
284
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
COUNTRY/AREA
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL CARE SYSTEM
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Ecuador
No
n/a
n/a
—
Egypt
Yes
Yes
—
123
El Salvador
No
n/a
n/a
—
Eritrea
No
n/a
n/a
—
Estonia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Ethiopia
No
n/a
n/a
—
Fiji
Yes
Yes
—
000
Finland
Yes
Yes
—
112
France
Yes
Yes
—
112
Gambia (the)
Yes
Yes
—
116
Georgia
Yes
Yes
—
03
Germany
Yes
Yes
Yes
112
Ghana
Yes
Yes
—
193
Greece
Yes
Yes
—
166
Guatemala
No
n/a
n/a
—
Guinea-Bissau
Yes
Yes
—
118
Guyana
Yes
No
Yes
913
Honduras
Yes
No
—
—
Hungary
Yes
Yes
—
112
Iceland
Yes
Yes
—
112
India
Yes
Yes
Yes
102
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
—
118
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Yes
—
115
Iraq
Yes
Yes
—
122
Ireland
Yes
Yes
—
999,112
Israel
Yes
Yes
—
101
Italy
Yes
Yes
—
118
Jamaica
No
n/a
n/a
—
Japan
Yes
Yes
—
119
Jordan
Yes
Yes
—
199
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Kenya
No
n/a
—
—
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
—
28100
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
—
777
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
—
103
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Latvia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Lebanon
No
n/a
—
—
Lesotho
No
n/a
n/a
—
Liberia
No
n/a
n/a
—
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
No
Yes
151,191,193
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
—
112
Madagascar
No
n/a
n/a
—
Malawi
No
n/a
n/a
—
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
—
999
285
(Table A.8 continued) FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL CARE SYSTEM
COUNTRY/AREA
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
—
Mali
Yes
Yes
—
18, 112
Malta
Yes
Yes
—
112
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
Yes
—
6258444
Mauritania
No
n/a
n/a
—
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
—
114
Mexico
Yes
No
Yes
066
Micronesia (Federated States of)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Yes
103
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
—
124
Morocco
Yes
Yes
—
115
Mozambique
No
n/a
n/a
—
Myanmar
Yes
No
Yes
01500005
Namibia
Yes
Yes
Yes
2033282, 10111
Nauru
Yes
Yes
—
4443883
Nepal
No
n/a
n/a
—
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
—
112
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
—
111
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
Yes
128, 115
Niger (the)
Yes
Yes
—
18, 17
Nigeria
Yes
No
Yes
—
Norway
Yes
Yes
—
113
Oman
Yes
Yes
—
9999
Pakistan
Yes
Yes
—
15
Palau
Yes
Yes
—
911
Panama
Yes
No
Yes
—
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Yes
—
111
Paraguay
Yes
No
Yes
206206, 911, 132
Peru
No
n/a
n/a
—
Philippines (the)
Yes
No
Yes
—
Poland
Yes
Yes
—
112
Portugal
Yes
Yes
—
112
Yes
Yes
—
911
Qatar
Yes
Yes
—
999
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
—
119
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
—
903
Romania
Yes
Yes
—
112
Puerto Rico
c
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
—
03
Rwanda
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saint Lucia
Yes
Yes
—
911
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Samoa
Yes
Yes
—
996, 995
San Marino
Yes
Yes
—
118
Sao Tome and Principe
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
—
997
Senegal
Yes
Yes
—
1515, 1516, 1517, 1518
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
94
286
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL CARE SYSTEM
COUNTRY/AREA
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Seychelles
Yes
Yes
—
—
Sierra Leone
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Singapore
Yes
Yes
—
995
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
112
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Solomon Islands
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
South Africa
Yes
Yes
—
10177, 112
Spain
Yes
Yes
—
112
d
No
Yes
110
Sri Lanka
No
Sudan (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Suriname
Yes
Yes
—
113
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
—
933
Sweden
Yes
Yes
—
112
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
—
144
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
110
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Thailand
Yes
Yes
—
1669
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Yes
—
194
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
—
110
Togo
Yes
Yes
—
17, 18
Tonga
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
Yes
—
811
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
—
198
Turkey
Yes
Yes
—
112
Turkmenistan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Tuvalu
Yes
Yes
—
911
Uganda
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Ukraine
Yes
Yes
—
03
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
—
999
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
—
999
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
United States of America (the)
Yes
Yes
—
911
Uruguay
No
n/a
Yes
n/a
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
—
112
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
—
171
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
—
115
b
Yes
Yes
—
101
Yemen
Yes
Yes
Yes
195
Zambia
Yes
Yes
—
991
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
—
991
West Bank and Gaza Strip
a
Free ambulance service only. b Non-member area. c Associate WHO Member State. d Some areas have a pre-hospital care system. — Data not available. n/a Data not applicable.
287