Toward Social cities By: Bahnas – Kholoud Mohamed Mahmoud Matricola: 796973
Presented to: Carlos García Vázquez
Context :
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Introduction :……………………………………………………………….………2 Objectives………………………………………………………………….........…3 METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………………………..3 How urban form is change over the information age?............4 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ICT AND URBAN FOR………….5 Why social Media………………………………………………………….....….6 Media- Egypt……………………………….……………………………………….7 Media- people………………………………………………………………………8 Media-City ……………………………………………………………………..….10 Media Technologies Impact On Urban Form……………………....11 1.Spatial Restructuring…………………………………………………....11 1.1Centralization…………………………………………………….…..11 1.2 Decentralization…………….……………………………………..12 2- Economic Restructuring………………………………………………12 3- Remixing City ………………………………………………………….….14 4- Read –write…………………………………………………………….…..14 5- Pattern of movement………………………………………………..…14 6- Urban security …………………………………………………………….15 Media- Architecture ………………………………………...…………..…..16 Architecture and new media ……………………………….………...16 1. Ignore……………………………………………………………………..16 2. Embrace………………………………………………………...……….17 3. Critical engagement………………………………………………..17 Egypt – media – architects …………………………………………………18 media design …………………………………………………….….…………..19 -Design social cities, how to do ? ………………………………..….19 -Case Study 1- TEMPL……………………………….……………...20 -Stakeholder organization response………………….…..…20 -Audience response……………………………………….………...21 -Case Study 2- ZONE –S…………………………………….….……21 - Stakeholder organization response: ………………….……22 -Audience response………………………………….…………….23
media future ………………………………………………...……………...24 conclusion ………………………………………………………….………….25 bibilgraphy………..…………………………………………………….……..26
Introduction : It is difficult to imagine everyday life in modern cities without media technologies. Information networks connect them with huge numbers of other locations around the world. And at local level too, information technologies play a major role in the urban experience, saturated as it is by mobile communication, Wi-Fi, GPS navigation, RFID cards, camera surveillance, urban screens in the public space, and so on. For a long time, the domain of digital media was viewed as virtual, as something separate from physical reality. But now these two worlds are tightly interwoven. The contemporary city is a hybrid city with physical and digital infrastructures, services and processes at all levels. One relatively recent development is the ‘smart city’, which sees cities and technology companies working together to organize urban processes more efficiently, with sensor and network technologies gauging and optimizing energy and water supplies, transport and logistics, and air and environmental quality. Media technology affects the city, the design, the users, the stockholders, and the future. What kind of effect happened after the social media? How we make social media affect us in positive way? How can we improve the live ability and liveliness of our cities as they become ever more complex as a result of these developments? Howe we can integrate the architect and the citizens and stockholders in one process? 2
This entire question I tried to answer, in order to find answering we should know the history of media technology, what the theory of media and urban form for the cities and then why the people using social media? Using case study (Egypt) to see how social media can affect the people and change their behavior. Showing the effect of the city and how it could change the urban form and the urban security for the city. Showing how architects deal with social media? or how he can using social media for different purposes ? Or use it to complete the circle and involve the citizens in design process? Showing how media affect the design process, and functions. And how we can design social cities? Look for the futures. And see how it could affect us?
Media effect country and people , studding the social to know how they effect on urban life
The aim is to understand our citifies through a new platform of technology and to explore how digital technologies change the design process of the city and to understand how people nowadays interact with their cities and to find the answering of questions Can we use new media technologies to make our cities more social, instead of more hi-tech? How can digital technologies enable citizens to act on collectively shared issues?
METHODOLOGY: Start to understand how the urban form change over the years and the theory to understand the relation between ICT and urban form
Objectives :
Media affect the city then change the urban form, security, and pattern
Architect integrate the citizens in design and involve new media in deign
Using media technology to draw better life
Urban form in information age
Theory of ICT and urban form
Why social media?
Media – Egypt
Media – people
Media-City
Media Technologies Impact on Urban Form Media-Architect Architecture and new media
Media-Design Designing social cities. How to do it? Media – future
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People are the comment factor for effecting
How urban form is change over the information age? Innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT) are pervasive, substantially affecting many spheres of our lives (1). The impacts of ICT have often been compared to the transformations of society brought by the Industrial Revolution. Despite their symbolic similarity as major breakthroughs in economic history, however, the difference between the Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution is substantial, in that the latter transforms materials to information as the main production factor and introduces flexibility in work and living patterns whereas the former shifted the production mode from land to materials and assumed the physical proximity of work and home (2). (15) Table 2.Technology and Urban Development: From the Early Industrial Period to the Present
Period
Technology Urban Form and Development
Early industrial (1820-1869)
Railroad
Late industrial (1870-1919) Mass production metropolis (1920-1969)
- Electricity - Elevator - Telephone - Automobile - Road building (e.g., highways)
Postmetropolis (1970present)
- Personal computer - ICT (e.g., Internet)
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- Initial urban growth (e.g., population influx in cities) - Expansion of cities - Beginning of urban dispersal (suburbanization) - Massive residential suburbanization - Beginning of commercial suburbanization - Decentralization of metropolitan regions (e.g., polycentricism of suburban employment centers) - Urban revitalization with technological advances - Global city network
Urban environments have always stood in close relationship to the technologies of Production, transport, and communications. Over the past century many efforts to plan the ideal urban environment have elaborated on the relationship between the urban environment and technology (3). The relation between technologies and urban environment calls for new or adapted Concepts, ideas, and models.
Two decades to describe the changing ICT based city: electronic cottage, ……… and ubiquitous city. These metaphors have tried to redefine the city itself and the notion of space, time, distance, and even territory with regard to a rapid development of ICT.
Table 1. Metaphors of the ICT-based City
Metaphor
Author
Electronic cottage
Toffler 1981
(4)
Techno burb
Fishman 1987
(5)
Wired city
Dutton et al. 1987
(6)
Informational city
Castells 1989
(7)
Intelligent city
Batty 1990
(8)
Invisible city
Fathy 1991
(9)
City of bits E-topia
Mitchell 1995 Mitchell 1999
(10) (11)
Digital places
Horan 2000
(12)
Network cities
Townsend 2001
(13)
Ubiquitous city
Hwang 2005
Definition
(14)
A new production system of a household with mixed activities (production, consumption, and leisure) A suburb which is independent from cities through access to ICT A city where information highways provide all kinds of ICT services to business and households A city where networks play a central role in informational society and “space of flows” shapes the networked society A city fully equipped with ICT networks to gain competitive advantage A concentration of individuals, households, firms, and public agencies interactively interconnected to one another via remote services A digital network city Lean, green cities with “dematerialization, demobilization, mass customization, intelligent operation, and soft transformation A city sharing space in both physical and virtual worlds A new type of global city with high levels of Internet adoption that “operate in an economy where the transport costs of information and knowledge are fairly insensitive to distance” A city where access to ICT is omnipresent; one can do “anything from anywhere at any time.”
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ICT AND URBAN FORM
Graham and Marvin (1996) (16) discuss a range of analytical perspectives about the relationship between ICT and urban form. The major perspectives include: 1) Technological determinism, 2) futurism and utopianism, 3) Urban political economy and 4) social construction of technology. The four perspectives, stemming from theories in social and technological sciences, provide various analytical frameworks for examining the relationship of ICT and urban form . Technological Determinism ICT
URBAN ECOLOGY
ICT
Solution to urban problem
Advance in urban form
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY Social Shaping by Organizations
Use & Application Of ICT
Effects on Cities
&
Urban effect
It’s important to describe how we got to where we are from technology era to social technology era, the social media is the last part of ICT , but we cannot say the last part because the technology invention develop every day .
ICT Adjustments in Social Organization & Urban Form
Process of Population Expansion& Migration
URBAN POLITICAL ECONOMY
Political, Economic, Social, & Cultural Dynamics of Capitalism
Restructuring Capitalism
Development & Application Of ICT 5
Futurism and Utopianism
In 2008 if you are not on a social networking site you are not on the internet. Social media is not a fad it's a fundamental shift in the way we communicate. So why we going toward social media? Reason 1- we don’t have a choice on whether we do social media, the question is how well we do it „(Erik Qualman) Facts (17)
Social media effect our daily live and Sequentially effect the city urban and design of place , but this effect is not the same in every city it’s different from city to city because it depend on the society how they interact ? What are their mentalities? How they deal with their problems? Sometime the effect of social media is positive, sometime is negative all these depend on the answering of the questions that I mention. In this case studying the society is very important to know the effect of social media also to see the future for the city through media technology.
500 billion the number of peer influence impressions Americans generate per year via social media Internet statistics are absolutely amazing, today 1,966,514,819 people are connected from 10 years ago they were 360,985,492 (growth 200-2010) 444.8 % 4 billion the number of images hosted on flicker that’s 13 x more than the national library Reason 2 - 78% of people trust the recommendation of other consumers. While only 14 % of people trust advertisements .Also the old communication model was a monologue .Only 18% of TV ad campaigns generate positive role. Reasons- 3 – social media is only going to become persuasive and a such become a critical factor in the success or failure of any business ( brain solis, social media manifesto )
After that, Welcome to the world of socialomics 6
Showing the behavior of the community and how the circle became bigger figer .1
Social media is not the virtual online world anymore; social media is the real world online.
Media – Egypt The experiment in Egypt it was really different compare with any another country, from 10 years before the only thing that we know that Egypt is the most beautiful whether in the world and of course the most beautiful place also that’s what they teach us in school, I grew with those idea, we known also a lot about history of countries and what we heard from our parent’s ‘the Egyptian is the most strong human that’s because we can bear the situation and live in Silence. The story started when we had a minister ‘Ahmed Nazif ‘ of Communications and Information Technology he was biased to transfer our country to digital country , he convinced our president ‘Hosni Mubarak’ in that time that we should make a technology easier and cheaper for the Egyptian to use it , so to make the internet use by everyone they must have PC first . In August 2008 they signed an agreement to spread personal computers for every home. After that it was so easy to get internet and also it was cost 5 or 6 euro per month . Social media became the only thing that you do on the internet in that time.
Why?
After 30 years with Mubarak as a president, Egypt had a lot of problems. The most important of these problems were unemployment , you can describe Egypt in that time for mid-level 7
people in one word “No “ no job , no dignity , no money , no healthcare , no good education except the universities , no life . When the youth start to use social media they found each other’s in the same situation all of them, one story for all of them, it was really incredible what they start to do using the social media.
How?
They start to talk and define the problem in Egypt and also they start to take picture, video for every good place to show you the meaning of how Egypt the most beautiful place in the world, about the slums they make interview with the people live in slums to show you how those people are suffering in their life. The main aim was, they believe that Egypt deserves an advanced place in the world, and the Egyptian people deserve a better life as well! Started to encourage people to express their opinion about the previous regime, to break their own fears and negativity! And to elevate their awareness about the importance of participation in the political life. And the main questions were how long we will continue to suffer in silence? What we wait for to take a positive step? 6th of April Youth Movement and كلنا خالد سعيد, it fan pages were created to express anger towards the government .they call the Egyptian to Manifestations 25/1/2011 start from that day Egypt revolution and we didn’t finish!
Media – People Since the digital media became evolve every day in our life , every one use it to tell us that the people are divided and every one became living in his own space “forgetting that they use the same technology to tell us the situation that we live it “ . Andrew Keen he wrote a book #digital vertigo described ‘how today’s online social revolution is dividing, diminishing and disorienting us ‘Digital Vertigo is a warning about the loss of privacy of the inner self that social media is doing to us. Andrew Keen he doesn’t see that the social media have a good impact on the people ‘As we retreat from real social things, and as we retreat from readily watching or listening to other people’s ideas – music, movies, books, we seem to be more and more preoccupied with broadcasting ourselves. And that, I think, is deeply narcissistic and ultimately doesn’t reflect well on ourselves as individuals or collectively as a species’.
What happen in Egypt as a city In the Middle East make him think that social media there is social behavior? What happened in Middle East was really amazing starting with Egypt and going through all Middle East countries to inspire them. The difference was you lived for 30 years doing nothing so now the time to do something are you will do something useful or not ? I remember that Mark Zuckerberg was so happy with Egypt revolution , he was feeling like he made this revolution he invent the tool made the people able to collect, connect each other not just 10 or 15 persons but more than 5 million persons , the tool make the people first know each other , after that ,know the country that they live , feel that they happy but there is a lot of people not so you have to make something , you have to find solution . The first step as social behavior after revolution `
But does he have the same ideas about social media in Middle East? He said: ‘not all social networking is really social behavior. While there have been some very good uses of social platforms such as what we saw in the Middle East and in Russia
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_LeBYliWJk
Clean the Tahrir square after Mubarak stepped down
After that realize that the youth have a power and the ability to change, to improve the situation just using a social media as a tool to make this
2- Harassment map Cairo Using social media to Reporting on the map of sexual harassment, Note more places the accident happened. Then try to put Cameras and Police patrols. Also since you put mark for accident immediately the help come for you.
Second step – look for Egypt problems try to solve –‘be positive ‘ One of our problems ‘’ Sexual harassment’ The government before wasn’t doing any steps to stop this phenomena, but after revolution the youth using social media decide to take a steps to control it 1- Protestations in street
https://www.facebook.com/events/150788335077948
The police said if you want from me to catch someone you have to prove. You have tool social media be creative &prove.
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http://harassmap.org/
Is this map change the urban security of the city? The people after that accept more the cameras surveillance, so what happen not is the map effect the urban security but the people interact then make tool “map” to effect the urban security for public places.
Media – City
technology became easier the professionals didn’t stop to create a lot of maps in order to understand our cities.
Cities are living systems, made, transformed and experienced by people .Urban forms and functions are produced and managed by the interaction between space and society that is by the historical relationship between human consciousness, matter, energy and information. One relatively recent development is the ‘smart city’, which sees cities and technology companies working together to organize urban processes more efficiently, with sensor and network technologies gauging and optimizing energy and water supplies, transport and logistics, and air and environmental quality – the hope being that this will improve the quality of life. But the far-reaching digitization of urban life is also bringing along potential new problems, with critics arguing that electronic customer cards, localized mobile services and narrow-casted messages aimed at individuals are combining to transform the city into a site for optimized consumption. Moreover, the city is threatened with becoming a tightly controlled quasimilitary zone with ubiquitous camera.(18) The map of any city can make you understand how is the city look like (street, main buildings, parks, transportations lines) but today this way to understand the city became quit bigger than before, we have more than one map in the process to understand (media technologies map, how people interact, not just street and main buildings but also pictures and main restaurant and the evaluations for this shops and restaurant, activates, events, …etc.) Since the 10
http://en.rian.ru/infographics/20110228/162792394.html Social networks have become a mainstream activity for Internet users across the globe This is our map nowadays classified with the something that you looking for (restaurant, cinema, museums ….etc.) http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.it/2009/12/atlanta-restaurant-reviews-on-google.html
1. Spatial Restructuring The spatial restructuring perspective focuses on how urban space responds to ICT, including a centralization-decentralization dichotomy and a discussion of the newly emerging forms. New urban forms explore how urban form might respond to ICT, and what ICT might generate.(15) 1.1 Centralization
Egypt influence network – Arabic in Red, English in blue http://www.visualizing.org/visualizations/egypt-influence-network
Figure 2: The City and the Immediate Surrounding
Media help us to recognize our ideas about the city with different type of maps but the common factor in all these maps is the Society In order to understand what is the impact of media technology on the urban form of the cities and because the social media is one of the component for ICT (information and communication Technologies)
 Media Technologies Impact On Urban Form The relationship between ICT and urban form can be encapsulated in two main views –of spatial restructuring and of economic restructuring (19).
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The proponents of centralization believe that the role of central cities will remain active or even be strengthened by technological innovations. For over the years we live with the concept of centralization, the facilities and main buildings concentrated in a city center and this in turn has led to movement all people to city center to live, to interact with the community and also to work, but with the
advances in information technologies the demand for all kinds of human interactions will increase and eventually the role of cities as centers of various activities and interactions will strengthen. And with the development of ICT and emergence of social media the result in an increase of face-to-face interactions and expand the size of a city under the assumption that city residents use more electronic interactions than those on the periphery. The global city acquires a new urban spatiality that depends on networks and is generated by the combination of economic globalization and ICT such as New York, San Francisco, Boston, Los Angeles, and Chicago, have started to profit from this transformation. 1.2 Decentralization
Figure 3: The Networked City.
The relationship between ICT and urban form is based on the entropy paradigm: the tendency of technological advances to diffuse first within cities and then in the rural areas. Thus, new technologies will reduce the attractiveness of cities as centers of human interactions and work. Building on Webber’s (1964) speculation about the “nonplace urban realm,” Fainstein and Fainstein (1989) and Atkinson (1996) maintain the decentralization thesis, proposing that ICT will eventually result in the “death of distance.” (15) Urban of the cities depend on how people can connect with each other and how they can interact with their cities, and since the media technology make the people connect in different way, make events in a lot of places, the idea of centralization almost disappeared in a lot of cities and this in my point of view very advanced concept if we can apply the concept of the cities in suburban places , what I mean that the media technology help people to connect with other when they live in suburban places or in any place , but our task to make every suburban like a big city with facilities and places can people work , schools and malls after that I think the idea of suburban can work very well .
2- Economic Restructuring
The space of flows is a new spatial form of the networked society and the main domain of global technological movement and flow, whereas the space of places is the geographic space of everyday life. A society with both the space of flows and the space of places is likely to experience wide ranging changes in physical space, economy, employment, history, and culture (1). 12
Sassen (1991) explains that the advances in ICT, among other factors, have transformed modern capitalism into a global network of corporations and cities. That new industrial complex dominates economic growth in major cities and contains the elements of a new type of a city . Sassen (2001) argues that global cities often tend to “consolidate” rather than disperse, for three reasons: (1) the significance of the centrality of global cities in securing connectivity and supporting functions dependent on the ICT; (2) the complexity of the global financial system across borders; and (3) weaker national identities. Thus, the economic restructuring perspective stresses fundamental changes in the organization of capital and production in a world economy brought about by a socioeconomic paradigm based on ICT. We have seen in our life many example for growth the city economic by media technologies and how the idea of the market are change completely after the media, especially in Tourism as a part of the economy.
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Since media technologies are used to play in economy for each country The way that the cities present their selves have the same approach ‘ attraction ‘ but is this idea change the urban city? In case of Dubai (16) , In the beginning of the 20th century Dubai the population was 20.000 , the concept to build Dubai was ‘imaginative city ‘ so the aim of design approach was To attract people by build Attractive and unique architecture , it’s really different approach compare with the historical city , the city make for people today , some people said it’s not has a meaning and I prefer to live in cities have history and I feel in such cities with my identity , from my point of view those people just scared to leave their place that they grow in, they can’t accept different approach ,accept or not the concept of a non-historical city after 100 years it will be also historical city . Fact of Dubai
: As of 2010, Dubai was the 7th most visited city of the
world with 7.6 million visitors a year (20)
These facts make me ask, how Dubai get all those tourists without any historical monuments. So I think the fact is more than 60 % of our world accept the concept of Dubai, or Dubai know how can marketing their city in global world? , in such case we learned that the human interesting are changed over the years, and if we should respect the past according to John Ruskin I think we should also respect our present because it’s our results .
3- Remixing City Cities innovate when people mix and mingle, sharing and combining ideas from different vantage points and traditions. That mixing takes place on and in shared infrastructures and spaces that bring people together. (21)
projects like The Institute for Applied Autonomy’s project “iSEE”, which provides a web-based interface to a map of the locations of surveillance cameras in Manhattan. Using this interface, visitors can map a route from point A to point B that follows a “path of least surveillance.” (22) 1
A successful city is like a washing machine, it holds a mass of different things together, in an enclosed space, while mixing them up and moving them around at high speed .city leadership is in the middle of the mixer, like the soap tablet in a washing machine, a small but absolutely critical ingredient in the mix.
What’s interesting here is that the interface makes visible relatively invisible forces within the city and potentially alters patterns of movement not of a single individual seeking a near-term goal but of a larger constituency sharing concerns for privacy in contemporary public space.
4- Read –write Read/write urbanism” is, frankly, jargon, but it’s a pretty neat piece of jargon. Its Kevin’s way of describing what is novel about urban life under the condition of ambient informatics. The idea that the cities users are no longer bound to experience passively the territory through which they move but have been empowered to inscribe their subjectivities in the city itself...that those subjectivities can be anchored in place and responded to by those who come after.
http://realtime. waag.org/
So your passage through, your use of, or your investment in this place leaves a tangible informational trace, which can either be gathered up and acted upon individually in the aggregate. (22) 5- Pattern of movement 1
There is Information that has the potential to affect larger patterns of movement and activity within the city, what it is? I’m thinking of 14
Amsterdam REALTIME: From October 3 to December 1, 2002, approximately sixty Amsterdam residents were equipped with GPS tracer units that recorded each individual’s movement through the city. The data was sent in real time to an exhibition space, where it was visualized as a series of lines. Over time, these lines drew a map of Amsterdam that was based on the movements of people rather than streets or blocks of houses.
6- Urban security We have seen before the harassed map and how could effect on security of places. Another example, at Stamen Design’s Oakland Crime spotting. This is a nifty hack that imports Oakland Police Department crime data into a Google Maps mash-up, and does so not willy-nilly but with a fairly high degree of aesthetic polish (22). http://oakland.crimespotting.org/#lon=-122.270&zoom=14&dtend=2013-02-10T23:59:5907:00&dtstart=2013-02-03T23:59:5907:00&types=AA,Mu,Ro,SA,DP,Na,Al,Pr,Th,VT,Va,Bu,Ar&hours=0-23&lat=37.806
During the Egypt revolution the idea of security places became in different way compare with Europe country, all the crime that (Mubarak Retinue and State Security Investigations Service) made it , defiantly we wasn’t able the prove it without videos .
http://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=JJ rWq96RBhc
The only truth that we have the videos after that the Egyptian inspired to record all the truth with video because the law in Egypt can make any one see the video not like Europe just the police that they have a right to do that . The importance of Oakland Crime spotting is that it makes transparent something that absolutely shapes both the affective experience of being in the city and the choices we make there—the actuality of street crime—plotting reported incidents on a map and returning that knowledge to you. But it must be said that its impact is somewhat limited by the fact of its output being limited to a PC, or at best a smartphone, screen.
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The Egyptian nowadays believes with just video not anything that’s make the projects of Surveillance cameras increase in all places and for the Egyptians they looking for this is safer for them. A lot of terraces now have cameras to record the situation all the day
Media – architect Since we know the digital media have impact on the design strategies so what position can architects, planners and urbanites take in their design profession via-a new media? Why should they bother with new media in the first place? What are the challenges they face? And what are future directions and chances for these professions? In answering these questions, i make a strong plea for an attitude of ‘critical engagement’ (23) Architects ask what kind of activities, social interactions or exclusions should a new project promote or hinder. How can these be shaped through spatial forms? And what roles do digital media play in this? I think architects shouldn’t just build an urban screen just because you can, or the Figure 2 .BIX Media Façade. They created a Kunsthaus in Graz has one too. Rather unique fusion between they should start by asking: what kind of architecture and media social processes do we want to provoke technology with the light or hope to avoid? Can an urban screen and media facade BIX indeed contribute to these processes or designed for the Kunsthaus Graz. will it disturb them?
Architecture and new media Architects and urbanites have long embraced digital media in their professional practice. They have been quick to employ computers and other digital media technologies as instruments in the design process itself (computer-aided design), and to create new visualizations. It was started to replacement of hand-drawing and modeling. Later the processing power of computers was used to 16
calculate new spaces that would otherwise not have been possible. This would lead to a second phase in the relationship between spatial design and new media, namely the creation of spatial forms that reflected the rise of the digital age. A new visual language emerged in spatial design that explored the semantics of new media. In addition, new media (and in particular ‘virtual reality’) were seen as a new spatial realm that could be shaped by a ‘virtual architecture’. This phase characterized by increasing overlap and integration of digital space and physical space, rather than being everyone has a separate realm or their own space (labeled by terms like cyberspace, virtual reality, digital domain, and so on), new media technologies – and mobile media in particular – have become an attendant part of everyday life. Internet-enabled mobile phones, GPS navigation, entry cards with integrated RFID chips, CCTV cameras, media facades, and so on are embedded in the urban fabric. To describe this new phase of architecture we propose that impels architecture to relate to digital media in a new way, beyond merely using them as instruments, to represent their spatial logic in design, or to design for virtual worlds, i will show three different attitudes towards the emerging hybrid city. 1- Ignore
Why wouldn’t architects and planners simply ignore developments in the field of new media? We can say, new media developments and architecture operate at very different speeds. It often takes many years for an architect or planner to negotiate, design, and build, whereas the design of new media technologies is calculated in months rather than years. Further, the lifecycle of media technologies is often updated every few months. Why we think how
people use twitter or Facebook to organize their daily life and meet people when the service may have ceased to exist or evolved into something completely different? , Architects leave digital media out of the equation and just design as a traditional way.(23) But they are wrong, from point of view. The merging of digital and physical spaces leads to new social and spatial practices. This has a huge impact on spatial practices and spheres such as dwelling and inhabiting, meeting and public space, traveling and mobility, work and provisioning, and leisure. The design of these spatial domains has traditionally been the core business of architects and planners. Any changes in these fields therefore directly affect their work and cannot be ignored. Igor Peraza, an architect expressed his concerns for an architect’s role
in this vast ocean of new media. He thinks that an architect should first think about how people can appreciate a building, and the high technology merely comes along to make things easier. In his words, architecture is heavier on the humanity’s side on a scale against technology. 2-Embrace Architects and planners should embrace new media and try to integrate the digital domain seamlessly into the design of physical space. Architects build for people, and if people want to use new media technologies, the architect should try to optimize their personalized media-experience of urban space. Architects should use the latest technologies to shape their designs. Spaces can be stuffed with sensors that make ‘smart’ analyses of the environment so that they can respond to changing circumstances. Surfaces can be conceived of as potential pixel space for interactivity, so that 17
surroundings can be personalized and adapted by their users. This is the ‘information age’ and architecture should express that in any possible form. Architects should not only build for the streets, but also for the screen. This response is the exact opposite of ignoring. But isn’t this over-enthusiastic stance ignoring the fact that media practices are profoundly influencing social behavior in physical space, yet not necessarily always for the better? And what remains of the valuable differences between spatial design and media design? 3- Critical engagement The attitude of ‘critical engagement’ implies a self-reflective take on the profession of spatial design itself. For us - as relative unprofessional who interest in new media, urban culture and identity – architecture provides spatial structures for social processes. It is a profession that literally sets the stage for the social interactions of everyday life. So architects should ask themselves how new media technologies alter the social processes behind spatial interventions? For example, if the housing became not just four walls and roof but involve by all sorts of media which bring in formerly separated domains like work, leisure, meeting, and even (virtual) travel so what habits that will arise ? Media practices turn this dyad into a triangular relationship: Man + environment + media. Let’s say that we have 3 positions for this relation Position 1 : (ignore) emphasizes the relation between man +environment but ignores the fact that social processes in physical space are increasingly mediated by technologies.(23)
Position 2 (embrace) emphasizes the relation between man + media, yet loses sight of the importance of physical context for media use. Position 3 takes this triangular relationship as its point of departure. On the one hand architects have to come up with new design solutions for these changing social practices. On the other hand they can also influence these mediated social practices through physical design interventions: directing, discouraging, stimulating alternatives, commenting on them, and so on.
visions . Remal foundation use the social media for 4 aim : 1- Show the situation for Degraded places to every one using media and try to call the people to involve in the process to improve such places. 2-
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Egypt – media - architects 4-
the revolution make the people realize that the Youths is our main force and the mistake if the old generation didn’t use the power of the young generation so it was also good thing all old generation ask their children’s to make for them account on the Facebook and twitter to contact with them , so now we have aid with vision because when the old architects saw the pages for help the slums people they start to put vision and the youths can apply this vision and of course all this projects (nonprofit)
Remal-Foundation one of the biggest organization in Egypt on social media involve big number of Egypt architects , in order to upgrade the architecture visions and improve the urban life , make the people interact more with their city , integrate the citizens in the design process , and in construction process also for those 18
Collect ideas from the citizens how we can improve urban places in Egypt, slums and degraded places. Put visions (design ) , show the vision on social media and ask who can construct this vision in a real life . Remal foundation are nonprofit foundation and doesn’t ask the people for money , they ask the media users for help to construct with their own in such places .
http://issuu.com/remal-foundation/docs/egypt_712_brief-remal-ash-06-11-2012 http://issuu.com/remal-foundation/docs/mansheyet_nasser_-_updated-ash-jpg20-12-2012 http://www.remalfoundation.org/index.php/ar/pr ojects-ar/manshyet-nasser/421manshya-ar
http://issuu.com/remalfoundation part from improving of the one slum in Egypt “Manshyt Naser “ we can say the architects in Egypt embarace and cr
Media – Design Media technologies make the methods of design more wide than before, media effect on the design through people and market. The rapidly growing availability of information, the expertise of most fields is decreasing. With the easy and wide access of the Internet, every interested individual can effortlessly retrieve information in any field, resulting in a decreasing specificity of professional fields. Therefore, architects might no longer be experts in the field, and they are slowly becoming “consultants,” especially in a society where customer demand is highly valued. As an architect, Steven Wang faces clients who have envisioned a project for a certain purpose, and only visit the architect’s firm to “consult” what is feasible and what is not. Of course, the renderings and other details are still the architect’s responsibility, but Steven Wang feels that the conceptualization is slowly being handed to the clients. That’s make the function of design any project depend more on visualization the project , sometime the project from design function or ventilation or light not that good because they focus more on shape and presentation of the project in order to ( ebhar el 3mil ) when they see the project on media market . But also the media market change the design function In China, similar changes is happening. For example, with the expansion of online shopping, the need for shopping malls will gradually decrease. Of course, this is not to say that shops and malls will completely disappear – there will always be products (e.g. clothes) that are 19
better purchased in person. Nevertheless, shops like Best Buy might significantly decrease in store size. The existence of shopping malls will become more spiritual than material, much like churches in medieval Europe – a place for people to meet friends and socialize. Similarly, libraries might become purely an archival center. With these changes already in action, architecture will definitely need to catch up. Fu Haicong has made similar remarks: shop sizes can become smaller, and public areas will need grow in size. Specifically, the airports that ECADI has designed in recent years feature smaller and smaller waiting areas as digital media are providing passengers with more accurate and real-time information regarding the status of their flights. Fortunately, Chinese urban designers and architects are gradually becoming aware of the inevitability of these transformations and are integrating them into their designs.
Designing social cities. How to do it? The main problem with the vision of the smart cities that can we use the same hi-tech to make the cities more social instead of (just) smart? How can we use digital technologies to make our cities more social, rather than just more hi-tech? When you think about social cities it’s not about a blueprint, the design approach. It’s a way of thinking about cities that are highly technological, but which is not about the technology itself, but about the people. I will use some case studies from workshop about social cities and describe it
Case Study 1- TEMPLOT Municipalities are always plagued by having many unused vacant parcels. Zeeburgereiland Amsterdam is a typical case; Europe is dealing with same issues. Key idea: “temporary” could become the stimulus. The city idea was to make it available as a 10 year-lease for 1 euro. Why not make it much more temporary: what if the urban pioneer was only given the land for 365 days instead of 10 years? The temp architecture initiative wants experts to meet some place to advise new urban pioneers to do something “tomorrow”. These expert roles are: owner, developer, designer, manager. However, what if the urban pioneers are the experts? Individuals could start playing those roles themselves. To do so, maybe these urban pioneers don’t need a place but a platform? This system consisting of a website plus apps could be TEMPLoT. Zeeburgereiland = 3, 6 ha plot minus 15% infrastructure. Possible uses: Recreation? Entertainment, Amusement, Do Nothing? As the area is sandwiched between super dense neighborhoods: what if their main uses were A garden? It could provide a temp infrastructure consisting of private parcels, plus an area for a larger community “Contribution Zone”. Flex spaces would be adjacent to private spaces, which can help in the building of mini communities. Manage the collective usage online via TEMPLoT. Follow the seasonal life cycle: in 20
December, start planning the temp infrastructure, in January, do the bidding process, after that the building and planting etc., use summer for enjoying festivals, then in October/November, do the cleanup process. Coordination can happen online. The flex space is the negotiation space (through bidding) between the neighbors. Contribution zone: everybody has to contribute something there (time, energy, skills & knowledge, teaching, network, etc.). These contributions are visible in your online profile, so your neighbors know your involvement. Potential individual uses: relaxation, family plot, artist studio, etc. Stakeholder organization response: (22) It for sure is possible. It could become a way of “city making”. Should not only be gardens, however, the area could also be used in another
way. A potential problem is that people like it so much that they don’t want to leave? Also, the app used in the plotting process should be simple. What if it would also allow pioneers to change plot? Would be great if it could also help to increase the skills of participants. Impressed by the “back to basics” approach. This is refreshing, as city design has become so (unnecessarily) complex these days. Nice it’s so hands-on. Commitment: the tender for Zeeburgereiland is already out; we could add this digital approach. Every city in Europe has such a map of vacant plots. Many other cities could also apply this approach: investigate how other cities can be involved Audience response: (22) There’s a similar project in Ghent, Belgium. It’s about gardens; people could buy it with invented city currency, so that everybody could afford a plot, also those without money. You put in your effort and got the virtual currency.
Case Study 2- ZONE –S Strijp-S in Eindhoven is a cross-over between virtual media and physical space. How can new media contribute to the urban atmosphere of StrijpS? In answering this question, the approach should:
Connect to the DNA of the area Increase the experience Inspire people Be interactive (23)
It’s not the new media, but the people who are going to change the atmosphere. Starting from here, the team of the workshop decided to “go to extremes”: make a social city with the help of new media. There’s a lot of vacant space around the buildings. Housing corporation Trudo’s ambition: to create a new creative cultural heart of Eindhoven:
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Vibrancy 24/7 Attractive facilities
High density Mixed activates
How are you going to build a community? There are no people living there now. There’s a huge gap between now and future. Right now, Strijp-S is very popular for huge festivals. There are some peaks in attendance, but in between the public space is abandoned. How do you expand the amount of time that people spend there? How do you have people stay longer and contribute to the area? People working there see it as a “living lab”. Because there are no people there you have the freedom for “extreme experimentation”: see Strijp-S as a temporary social experimental zone. What if we were to consider StrijpS as a game zone (metaphor, not actually)? We want to get social engagement, using the game metaphor can help in achieving this. In such a community you’re not just a visitor, but a player. You can choose the amount of involvement you’re up to. However, you need to get support from the community. You start as a novice but can end as a “professional community member”. You can enter project proposals on the online community site. Propose a project, then if you have enough support by deadline, you can go to next level of realization. The game offers you a territory, you can predesign the project on the online interface, if you get the support you can build/realize the project. People vote for you, but also say whether they will attend/assist. This awards you points, which you can use to reach the next level. One example could be a “Trash2Fuel” project, an extreme project area where you’re going to burn/compo waste. For this to succeed, many details still need to be worked out: who are the community players, what are the rules, who would be the
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“game master”, what resources are needed? However, it would be a way to generate the sustained and expanding kind of social engagement needed to make the area work Stakeholder organization response: (23) The approach appeals, but it might apply mostly to the current young population and many events. Later “normal inhabitants” will come. How to involve them in such a game metaphor? One way could be to have many different levels of the game, different zones, different interfaces (e.g. a cafe).
Trudo is really interested and will explore this idea more deeply with the team. As developers “we should no longer think in buildings”! Audience response: Great idea, use “lunch bus-like” ideas to make novices get used to the idea. Also create (physical) playgrounds to introduce people to the whole concept. Use a real space to play the initial stage of the game, and then go online.
Condition
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Community players Rules Game mater Resources
Media-Future Social media is useful to solve many problems in our city, in case of Egypt or Amsterdam, they use social media to solve problem in urban places, the uses off course different from city to city, but the process is the same. What about tomorrow? Is the process it will be the same also? We can see china after 50 years without mall shopping building but we can see Egypt after 50 years without mall shopping building I think no that’s depending on the mentality of the people. During this research I found that the next step it could be the owner make his own design because media provided all the information can make the owner know how he can do it . We know that the main office for the architects is social media because this is the real market for their idea or concepts and there is a lot of architects work from home and they share the results on media, what about tomorrow? Do you think the collaborative between home architects will increase and we will not find Architect Company anymore? Or the design process will be step by step share online and the users can edit on the design to improve it or not improved but to make their own design. In big cities always there a lot of places have a problem and no one know or we don’t know from the media, in Egypt for example there a lot of slums and places the citizens didn’t know about it
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But we talk before that the Egyptians citizens integrated in improve the city, I think the idea of project ‘iSEE’ is very useful , if we have app online draw the city we can walk for all Egypt to make the real map for slums and show how the urban fabric are changed . Also it could be solution to show for the government how we have big problem with the traffic, the app could share online how many hours every day you spent in traffic and where? Since we know where we can make Statistics how many user stop in this point , then we know exactly problems points , then we can solve it . The technology will not stop , but if the human can positive over the years , can control it and use it to change the life better and better .
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Bibliography: (1) Castells, M. (1996) the Rise of Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell (2) Brotchie, J. F., Hall, P., and Newton, P. W. (Eds) (1987) The Spatial Impact of Technological Change. New York: Croom Helm. (3) Phillips, E. B. (1996) City Lights: Urban- Suburban Life in the Global Society. New York: Oxford University Press. (4) Toffler, A. (1981) the Third Wave. London: Pan. (5) Fishman, R. (1987) Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. New York: Basic Books. (6) Dutton, W. H, Blumler J. G., and Kramer K. L.(Eds) (1987) Wired Cities: Shaping the Future of Communications. Boston: G.K.Hall. (7) Castells, M. (1989) the Informational City: Information Technology, Economic Restructuring, and the Urban-Regional Process.
Oxford: Blackwell. (8) Batty, M. (1990a) Intelligent cities: using information networks to gain competitive advantage, Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design, 17, 247-256. (9) Fathy, T. A. (1991) Telecity: Information Technology and its Impact on City Form. New York: Praeger. (10) Mitchell, W. J. (1995) City of Bits: Space, Place and the Infobahn. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. (11) Mitchell, W. J. (1999) E-topia: “Urban Life, Jim-But Not As We Know It”. Cambridge ,Massachusetts: MIT Press. (12) Horan, T. A. (2000) Digital Places: Building Our City of Bits. Washington D.C.: Urban Land Institute. Townsend, A. M. (2001) The Internet and the rise of the new network cities, 1969-1999, Environment and Planning B, 28, pp. 39-58. (14) Hwang, S.-Y. (2005) KOREA: U-city project – next IT agenda. The Korea Herald, Tuesday,December 13, 2005 (15) urban form and planning in the information age: lessons from literature, Da-Mi Maeng, Zorica Nedović-Budić. (16) Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (1996) Telecommunications and the City: Electronic Spaces, Urban Places. London: Routledge. (17) Power to the people – social media tracker wave 3. (18) Essay: the Role of New Media in Architecture in Urban China, by Snoweria Zhang. (19) Audirac, I. (2002) Information technology and urban form, Journal of Planning Literature, 17(2), pp. 212-226. (20) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai#Tourism_and_retail , accessed 11 February 2013 at 04:38. (21) CEOs for cities , remixing cities , www.ceosforcities.org (22) Urban computing and its discontents , Adam Greenfield and Mark Shepard , 2007 The Architectural League of New York, ISBN 9780-9800994-0-9 . (13)
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How can architects relate to digital media? The Mobile City keynote at the ‘Day of the Young Architect’: outcomes and further thoughtswritten by Michiel de Lange & Martijn de Waal. (24) TEMPLET , work shop , social cities for tomorrow , 2012 . (25) LIVING LAB VIRTUAL MEDIA CROSSOVER PHYSICAL SPACE, 2012 Team #3 ScoT12 FOR TRUDO — EINDHOVEN (23)
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