TALLINN 2014 KOKO architects
Dear reader, This book presents some stories where the characters have each been set in stone, yet each in their own particular location and with their own particular emotions. Some seem to want to scream, others meld with their surroundings. The impetus for founding KOKO architects came from the EXPO2000 Estonian pavilion project. The process of building this structure in a distant land was complex and full of unexpected situations, yet at the same time it was a powerful whirlwind of an experience, which gave us great confidence. During the 15 years we have been in business, there have been times when we have focused on certain types of buildings. We started with private houses and apartment blocks, after a while we moved on to spas and hotels – this shift coincided with the boom in the service industry both in Estonia and its neighbouring countries in the mid-2000s. Simultaneously, we also developed an interest in reconceptualising former industrial buildings, one of the most notable examples of which was the repurposing of the boiler house in the former cellulose and paper factory as the multifunctional Fahle House. The building also caught the eye of the curators of the London Design Museum who named it one of the most fascinating architectural designs of 2007. Our approach to historic buildings – preserving and amplifying their historic character, while adding new contemporary and contrasting volumes with new functions – was recognised once again, when the Rotermann Carpenter’s workshop building was shortlisted for the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture Mies van der Rohe Award. During the last seven years we have developed a weakness for museums and exhibition design, the high point being the Seaplane Harbour, for which we were awarded the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Grand Prix in 2013. While creating thematic or architectural designs with a very specific function, such as synagogues, museums and reconstructing buildings with new functions, what has been similar each time is the task of plunging the depths of the project to find the most authentic sources of inspiration and the source code for interpreting the building.
Once, one of our friends, a blacksmith, was asked about his works, ‘How did you come up with an idea like this?’ And the blacksmith answered, ‘I travelled to France, then to Sweden, then I thought about it for half a year and then it came to me in a second.’ This idea can also be applied to architecture: a thorough and charged solution will emerge only after it has had enough time to brew, during this period, however, none of the ideas seem good enough. And then suddenly it is there, providing the answers to almost all the significant questions. Contemporary architecture can be recognised and comprehended by the story the building tells, its position and purpose in the city or which materials and from which year have been used on the facade. When looking at contemporary buildings, a historian can find references to various sources of inspiration; the architect, however, will be influenced not so much by these opinions but more by the question of how to create forward looking, energy-efficient and sustainable buildings without any loss of spirit. The climatic conditions in Estonia and the desire for energy efficiency call for more compact buildings, thicker roofs and walls, and smaller windows. As architects we would like to resist that and keep the appearance of our buildings airy, as if in a climate without harsh winters; and much more than countries in the south, we yearn for daylight, as so little is available here. It is possible that a dozen years from now the current trend for designing compact glass office buildings will have transformed into one creating sectioned houses with mute walls, where external views will have been replaced by wall-sized screens. By then a litre of milk will probably cost more than a wall full of digital images. Today thousands live in the spaces and millions have visited the museums and exhibitions we have designed. We look to the future with great excitement and we intend to plan to use our experience to continue on the same thrilling path. Enjoy the book – we hope you find something to relate to. Raivo Kotov Andrus Kõresaar
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PUBLIC BUILDINGS
RESIDENTIAL
EXPO 2000 14
33 VABRIKU STREET 212
CITY HOTEL BRUNINIEKS 22
APARTMENTS IN PÄRNU 216
GEORG OTS SPA HOTEL 24
KULDALA RESIDENTIAL AREA 220
E-PARLIAMENT HALL 32
GOSPA RESIDENCES 226
MERCHANT’S HOUSE HOTEL 34
RABAKÜLA RESIDENTIAL AREA 232
HOTEL JURMALA SPA 40
DALE 238
ARENSBURG BOUTIQUE HOTEL & SPA 42 TALLINN SYNAGOGUE 48 TALLINN ENGLISH COLLEGE SPORTS COMPLEX 54 MUSEUM FOR PUPPET ARTS 62
PRIVATE RESIDENCES
ARTIS CINEMA 68
SUMMER HOUSE IN LOHUSALU 250
GREAT GUILD HALL IN TALLINN 70
VILLA IN KURESSAARE I 256
TARTU MAARJA CHURCH 78
VILLA IN KURESSAARE II 260
TALLINN TV TOWER 82
LOFT 44 IN THE FAHLE HOUSE 264
SEAPLANE HARBOUR 92
VILLA IN ROHUNEEME II 266
UNIVERSITY OF TARTU NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 118
VILLA IN MERIRAHU 268
AQVA SPA HOTEL 120 MOUNTAIN LODGES IN SODDATJØRN 126 RESORT HOTEL & SPA ESTONIA 130 THE ESTONIAN HEALTH CARE MUSEUM 134
MASTER PLANS
ARVO PÄRT CENTRE 138
MÕISAVAHE QUARTER 276
HELSINKI MUSEUM OF TECHNOLOGY 140
HIPPODROME QUARTER 278
MAARJAMÄE PALACE 142
PATAREI QUARTER 280 NORTH-TALLINN CENTRAL AREA 282 MAGASINI QUARTER 288
COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE BUILDINGS
REVHEIM BUS DEPOT 290 THE NEW HARBOUR QUARTER 292
FAHLE HOUSE 146
CONCEPT FOR THE TSELLULOOS QUARTER 294
SAKALA EDITORIAL BUILDING 162
CONCEPT FOR THE KRULL MACHINE FACTORY 296
METRO PLAZA 164 ROTERMANN CARPENTER’S WORKSHOP 170 ROTERMANN GRAIN ELEVATOR 180 ROTERMANN BAKERY 184
DATA
HIGHRISE AT 19/21 MAAKRI STREET 188
RECOGNITION 298
THE TERRACE OF CAFÉ KOMEET 190
KOKO ARCHITECTS TEAM 300
RÄVALA GALLERY 194
PROJECT CREDITS 302
HIGHRISE AT 3 A. LAUTERI STREET 198
THANKS 310
BALTI STATION MARKET 202 OFFICE BUILDING AT 80M TARTU ROAD 206
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
View of the Estonian pavilion from Europa Boulevard, the main street at EXPO 2000
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Location: Hanover, Germany Client: Enterprise Estonia Open architecture competition: 1999, 1st place Completed: 2000 Size: 700 m2
EXPO 2000 The Estonian pavilion at the Hanover World Exposition EXPO 2000 in Hanover, Germany was the first time Estonia took part in the exposition with its own pavilion. The Republic of Estonia was eager to present the development of the country in the preceding few years and its preparations for joining the European Union, but also to exhibit aspects of Estonian national culture and highlight its greater political goals for the near future. A slogan was also chosen for the Estonian exhibition, “Land that breaks the waves”, which was intended to convey Estonia’s status as an ancient yet sustainable maritime country as well as the rapid developments it was going through. As a result of the architecture competition, the ambitious task of representing Estonia was given to Andrus Kõresaar and Raivo Kotov, one of them a recent graduate of the Estonian Academy of Art, the other still in his last year at the academy. The crucial question posed by the winning design was: how to stand out among hundreds of other countries and communicate the sensibility of a young nation. The architects’ vision was to build the pavilion as high as the building regulations at EXPO would allow. Especially considering Estonia had been allocated a place next to two large wellknown countries – Italy and the United States of America. The central idea was to create a flowing movement, inspired by the undulating sea and the wind whistling through the tree tops. The pavilion greeted the visitors with an ‘undulating’ forest of fir trees on its roof, symbolising the dynamic development of the young country. The movement of the visitors within the pavilion was organised as a journey, in order to avoid waiting and queuing. The idea proved to be successful – roughly every sixth visitor to the EXPO came to see the Estonian entry, in total 2.7 million people.
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The structural elements of the pavilion were produced in Estonia and brought to Hanover by land. The steel structure was produced in Viljandi, the ‘carrots’ in Tallinn, the plastic fir trees in China, the fake limestone at Nukufilm. The construction started in January but had to face many restrictions and obstacles, all of which were fortunately overcome. The fir trees were put in place and started swaying before any birds could make their nests in the branches and the insulated glazing standard necessary for building the floor was reviewed in Germany just in time thanks to the additional testing conducted at Tallinn University of Technology. The pavilion was completed just a few days before EXPO was officially opened.
* Das ist ja ein Perpetuum mobile! Unglaublich, dass dieses Kettenüber tragungssystem arbeiten wird. Bauordnungsamt der Stadt Hannover
One of the central ideas for the design of the pavilion was the undulating forest of fir trees.
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The forest of fir trees undulating on the roof was made up of 168 trees, organised in 24 rows – the movement was created by 100-metre long chain drives with electric motors. Each row of trees had a particular range of movement, so that the rows produced a visible wave-like movement. The 2.5 metre fir trees above the transparent ceiling were planted in orange cones, resembling carrots, and were also connected by cables to the limestone ‘clouds’ floating under the transparent floor. The movement created by these ‘clouds’ or ‘chunks of ice’ under blue glass evoked the impression of seeing the sea floor through the flickering waves. This visual association referred to Estonia as a maritime country: as one approaches the forest and swamp covered Estonia by boat, one cannot be sure, whether it is the boat or the land that is swaying.
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Site plan
Longitudinal section
It was decided Estonia should be introduced via the means of multimedia and animation. The only exception was the piano produced by the Estonia Piano Factory. The pavilion had three rooms with large cinema screens, showing films about the Estonian wilderness, the Estonian Song Festival, the Kaali meteorite crater and the model of the universe created by Estonian astronomers in Tartu. The giant screens were not only used as media elements, but with the background music also added to the interior design and overall atmosphere. In addition, each of the thematically presented rooms included flat touch screens inside insulated glazing to provide information about Estonia. Ground floor plan
The success of the EXPO 2000 pavilion evoked interest in its designers as well and they were subsequently invited to take part in numerous architecture competitions. KOKO architects was established in autumn 2000.
The mechanics of the installation
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Exhibition hall
Recognition: The annual architecture prize of the Cultural Endowment of Estonia 2000
The slabs of limestone under the glass floor of the exhibition hall were connected to the ‘forest’ of fir trees on the roof by cables; the stones and the trees were undulating in sync.
The cultural prize of the Estonian Government 2000
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Location: Riga, Latvia Client: Bruninieks MS Commission: 2002 Completed: 2003 Size: 3,500 m2
CITY HOTEL BRUNINIEKS
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Art Nouveau style apartment houses reconstructed as a hotel with 68 rooms in the centre of Riga The hotel is located in the centre of Riga in two apartment buildings built in the Art Nouveau style at the beginning of the last century. During the reconstruction project the former apartment buildings were combined using the courtyard to form a hotel: the courtyard between the buildings was covered with a glass ceiling at the first floor level and a reception and a lobby bar was built there. The entrance to the hotel from the street leads through a historic archway. The restaurant on the seventh and final floor has magnificent views across the rooftops of the centre of Riga.
The inner courtyard of the ground floor has been designed as a reception area. Viewing from the street, the building retains the decor and appearance of a hundred year old bourgeois block of flats; the dormers are covered with a glass facade behind which a restaurant operates with a view of the roofs of the city centre. Site plan
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Historic view from the street
Cross-section
* Riga has been called the capital of the Baltics. Why? The elaborate Art Nouveau buildings might be part of the answer.
Ground floor plan
Attic floor plan
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Location: Kuressaare, Estonia Client: Norbert International invited architecture competition: 2002, 1st prize Completed: 2004 Size: 8,000 m2
GEORG OTS SPA HOTEL 90-room hotel and spa in picturesque resort town of Kuressaare in Saaremaa At the beginning of the 2000s many Estonian sanatoriums were rebranded as spas, although the changes the establishments went through were more formal than anything else. Tarmo Sumberg, a visionary in the hotel industry decided it was also time to provide spa services to healthy clients looking for relaxation after an exhausting week at work. The hotel was named after the famous Estonian singer Georg Ots, a name which evokes nostalgia in Estonians but also for visitors from Finland and Russia, where he performed in front of large audiences in some of the most notable opera houses during the Soviet period. The hotel focuses on couples and families – large groups are not welcome as it would spoil the atmosphere. This stance has not been compromised during the 10 years the spa has been open and by now the hotel has managed to acquire quite a number of regular customers.
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The earthen plaster covered fireplace separates the reception and creates a cosy lounge area.
The Georg Ots Spa Hotel was opened on the same day as Estonia joined the EU, 1 May 2014. On the neighbouring lots GOSPA residencies have been built: spacious summer flats with large terraces, sea views, vast private areas and access to services provided by the hotel.
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The inner courtyard is located between the two wings of the hotel and boasts a view of the sea and the marina.
The form of the Georg Ots Spa Hotel, the first wellness spa establishment in Estonia, has been designed from the inside out and the focus is on how the visitor feels inside the building. This is expressed in the two wings of the hotel that both provide magnificent views, one overlooking the Medieval castle, the other Kuressaare bay. The spa is located in a separate wing of the building to keep the noise and humidity of the pool from disturbing the guests; at the same time both the indoor and outdoor swimming pools are viewable from the hotel rooms. On the ground floor the spa is divided into the water park and the sauna area, the second floor is designated a quiet wellness zone. The two wings of the building are connected by a reception area with a cosy fireplace and sitting area. The service logistics of the hotel are concealed, so that the guests can spend their visit in a calming and carefree atmosphere. The woven doors of the cupboard and the headboard create a relaxed atmosphere; the bathroom is partly opened to the room.
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* What would have the famous baritone Georg Ots thought about lending his name to a wellness spa? Would he have sung the Saaremaa Waltz in a different tone?
The exterior architecture of the building is shaped by the views from the rooms and the functionality of the wings – the external finish has been designed to require as little maintenance as possible. The materials include pigmented concrete and Corten steel, which are maintenance free and compatible with the windy maritime climate of Estonia.
The bar area ends with angled oak floorboards resembling a ship’s bow.
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The pool with spring fresh green water and the juice bar.
The idea behind the interior design was to share Estonian sensibilities, especially those characteristic to Saaremaa. These are expressed in the materials, colours schemes and details of the hotel rooms and other spaces. The ethnographic elements and maritime motifs are stylised, which adds a more sophisticated touch to the design. The carpets in the hallways and rooms are inspired by the striped patterns of the Saaremaa national dress; the headboards for the beds have been constructed using traditional basket weaving techniques. The walls are decorated with personal photographs sent in by local people, provides intimate contact with the life of the community.
The carpets in the rooms display the pattern from the national dress of Saaremaa.
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The treatments the spa offers include juniper bath therapy, based on a plant commonly found in Saaremaa.
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Site plan
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Cross-section
Ground floor plan
Recognition: Interior of the year 2004 (The Estonian Society of Interior Architects) Best new 100 hotels 2005 (CondĂŠ nast Traveller) Top 10 Value Hotels Worldwide 2006 (Gayot) The best complete architectural design in Saaremaa in 2004 (Kuressaare town government) The best tourism development in Estonia in 2004 (Union of Estonian Tourism companies)
First floor plan
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The virtual hall of the parliament with swivelling computer chairs makes it possible to simulate the operations of the parliamentary working groups and visitors can re-enact the process of law making.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Chancellery of the Riigikogu Commission: 2002 Completed: 2004 Size: 100 m2
E-PARLIAMENT HALL Interactive room introducing the work of the Riigikogu
Floor plan of the hall
* Estonia is the first country in the world to have all government meetings 100% paperless. Estonia dreams of making paperless government a common practice
The Riigikogu (Estonian Parliament) building on Toompea sees many groups who want to have a look at the rooms inside the Riigikogu and also learn about the work of the Estonian parliament and its e-solutions. With the help of interactive tools the e-parliament hall, which has now been closed, introduced the daily work of the Riigikogu: how work groups and committees are established, how members of the Riigikogu organize their work, how draft legislations are put to the vote and so on. The tour guide took over the role of the President of the Riigikogu and put decisions up for voting and chaired the meeting. The hall of the e-parliament is not very large and was partitioned with posts that dictated how furniture was placed in the room. Chairs with touch screens and computers were built in cooperation with designer Martin P채rn. By turning these chairs the participants could form work groups, and in this way, imitate the work of Riigikogu members in committees and factions.
all over Europe, by the time it takes over the presidency of the European Union in 2018.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Hansafond Grupp Commission: 2004 Completed: 2005 Size: 2,000 m2
MERCHANT’S HOUSE HOTEL A comfortable hotel with 37 rooms built in the medieval residence of a Hanseatic merchant The hotel is located in the medieval residence of a Hanseatic merchant on Dunkri Street in the Old Town of Tallinn, Estonia. The oldest parts of the building date back to the 14th Century. The hotel incorporates several buildings located around an inner courtyard that have been joined together.
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The ice bar is located in the bedroom of the Medieval merchant.
* In Medieval Tallinn, the most profitable business was salt. But what did the 14th century Hanseatic merchant who built this house sell? What did he buy? That is something the guests can still wonder about – traces of that time can still be easily found. 35
All the historic details under heritage protection were conserved and restored during the reconstruction of the building and have been left on display; modern technical systems have been concealed in the walls and floors. The new elements of the building necessary for the hotel have been constructed in a minimalist and discrete manner so that the medieval walls, ceiling paintings and decorated ceiling beams would have their full impact. Each hotel room has its own character.
The bar has been restored, complete with a Medieval painting on the ceiling.
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Depending on the shape and features of the room. In some cases it has been possible to make use of the medieval niches by placing baths in them, while other bathrooms have the bath in the middle of the room as a feature. The colour schemes are inspired by medieval colour combinations – vermilion, deep blue and other vivid colours are used as a contrast to the white plaster and grey limestone walls.
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Site plan
A restaurant has been set up in the vaulted cellar, and there is a small spa in the hotel. The former merchant’s bedroom has been turned into an Ice Bar, evoking the atmosphere of the cold Nordic climate, with stained-glass windows, real ice on the bar, wall lights reminiscent of ice and a pattern of leafless trees on the upholstery.
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Facade view from the street
Lower-ground floor plan
Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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- rmala, Latvia Location: Ju Client: Ă„rimaja Commission: 2004 Completed: 2005 Size: 21,000 m2
HOTEL JURMALA SPA A hotel and spa with 190 rooms in the famous resort town of - rmala near Riga Ju - rmala spa hotel is the tallest and most distinJu guished building in the seaside resort town of - rmala, which is located near Riga. The ruins of Ju the hotel building, which were left uncompleted at the end of the Soviet era damaged the milieu of the resort town, and therefore, a decision was made to reconstruct it into a spa hotel. The result is a family hotel and holiday complex with a leisure centre, a conference centre, a beauty and treatment centre and a restaurant among other things. The leisure centre is divided into a quiet spa and an aquatic centre with attractions and pools. The motif for the logo, which is inspired by the Ancient Greek wave pattern, can be found in the carpets, furniture furnishings and elsewhere in the graphics. The leisure centre has the timeless atmosphere of the tropics. The interior of the spa uses a wide selection of natural materials such as slate, bamboo and pebbles.
* The oriental motif of the logo inspired by the pattern of waves repeats itself in carpets, furniture engravings and other graphic elements in the building. 40
Cross-section
Ground floor plan
TK
Site plan
Standardised floor plan
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The 18 th century main building with white plaster walls and the annex resembling a dark coloured boulder.
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Location: Kuressaare, Estonia Client: Arens Vara Invited architecture competition: 2005, 1st prize Completed: 2007 Size: 3,000 m2
Arensburg Boutique Hotel & Spa Hotel with a futurist exterior in the Old Town of Kuressaare The resort town of Kuressaare charms its visitors with its compact city centre, low and dense housing and romantic atmosphere. The urban structure around the central square of the town, which developed over many centuries, and the Medieval castle on the shore of the Baltic sea create a fascinating cityscape, the core of which runs along Lossi Street. The Arensburg hotel is also located on Lossi Street, and in 2007, a new extension to the historic building just by the street was designed by KOKO architects. The design for the new building was selected from among projects submitted to an invitation only architecture competition.
From the hotel room the view opens to a quiet street in Kuressaare.
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As the significance of Kuressaare as a resort town has increased, the hotel wished add new rooms as well as spaces for recreational services. The nature of the extension is inspired by the historic architecture of Kuressaare, yet the design makes it clear that is a new and contemporary building. The gabled roof and spaces using slanted surfaces make direct reference to the surrounding historic buildings, and yet the structure with its dense black futurist exterior is in clear contrast with its environment.
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The eaves of the hotel follow the height of the surrounding low-rise private houses.
* Well-tempered abnormality is the new normality. When it comes to a sleepy small town this is true. It is kind of like the Dada manifesto by AndrĂŠ Breton.
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In the rooms the headboards are decorated with magnified details from historic paintings.
The old and the new building are effortlessly and delicately connected via a gallery, creating an organic interior and a backdrop to the semiprivate outdoor courtyard that the hotel uses as a terrace during the summer. The ground floor of the hotel houses a beauty salon, a spacious lounge, a conference room and a swimming pool, connected to recreational spaces on the basement level. The private rooms for guests, each with a unique design, are located on the upper floors. The rooms are luxurious and light-filled, yet have an intimate feel, as they are situated just below the pitch of the roofing. Just like elsewhere in the building, the interior design of the rooms also integrates the old and the new – contemporary designs are supplemented by magnified details from historic paintings, used to decorate furniture.
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The extension of the Arensburg hotel may seem like a spaceship on the quiet streets of Kuressaare. Nevertheless, the building is easily approachable and welcoming to guests. Its high quality materials and the fresh design, respectful of history, create additional value in the local environment and evoke interest among visitors. Like the historic castle of Kuressaare, the Arensburg hotel extension appears to be somewhat mystical – it has an air to it that is hard to put into words, yet easily experienced with mind and body by each new guest.
Site plan
Ground floor plan
Cross-section
First floor plan
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Location: Tallinn Client: Eesti Juudiusu Kogudus MTĂœ Invited architecture competition: 2004, 1st prize Completed: 2007 Size: 1,500 m2
TALLINN SYNAGOGUE The wisdom of tradition wrapped in modern architecture The documented history of Tallinn’s Jewish community dates back to the mid-19 th century, when Imperial Russian Army soldiers of Jewish descent were brought to serve time in the capital of the then Estonian Governorate. A burial society, chevra kadisha, which plays an important role in Jewish culture, was created in Tallinn in 1856. A synagogue building, the centre of Jewish religion, on the other hand was not built until 1885. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the dark turmoil of the Second World War and for a long time Tallinn was one of the few capitals in Europe that did not have a synagogue.
* The tree of paradise stands before us just as it always has. But where is the snake, tempting us to sin? Maybe hidden within ourselves?
The new synagogue, which opened in Tallinn in 2007, and was designed by KOKO, is located walking distance from the city centre on a quiet side street. The building takes Jewish religious traditions and details into account but does not hold on to the historic examples in architecture. The barrel vault form combines the rooms of religious and secular functions into a whole. The main hall, where services are held, is located on the first floor. Wide stairs in the foyer, which lead up to the main hall, can be used as a place for ritual procession or talking with other community members depending on the time or event. The interior of the synagogue places emphasis on the layout of the rooms and the use of materials (timber, glass, concrete) but also on decorative ornament involving Jewish symbolism, which has been organically used on glass and timber surfaces and which either unifies or differentiates the rooms depending on the situation.
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In the middle of the main hall of the synagogue stands a cabinet that holds the scrolls of the Torah, Aron Kodesh ; the walls have been perforated in the shape of a pomegranate tree to let the light shine through.
* Hanukkah is a joyous Jewish light-filled holiday, celebrating the liberation of the Holy Temple of Jerusalem in 164 BC.
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Several sacral buildings that are architecturally unique have been built in Estonia since the country regained its independence. The synagogue building designed by KOKO stands out among these not only thanks to its unique architecture but because it has become one of the symbols of local Jewish culture demonstrating continuity, vitality and a capacity for innovation. Jewish communities in different parts of the world closely followed the building of the new synagogue in Tallinn. The then Deputy Prime Minister Shimon Peres and the former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel Yona Metzger both graced the ceremonial opening of the synagogue with their presence.
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* According to archives the Jewish people were first mentioned in Estonia in 1333. Until the 18th century, the local Jewish community was few in number, by now however, it has become unified and strong.
Recognition: 2009 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture / Mies van der Rohe Award / Nominee 2008 Wienerberger Brick Award / Nomination for best international brick building 2007 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize for Architecture / Architecture and Interior Architecture The pomegranate tree is one of the few religious symbols that can be depicted in Jewish culture. The pomegranate is a symbol of fertility; also the fruit has as many seeds as there are rules, commandments and provisions in the lives of religious Jews. But as rabbi Shmuel Kot says, the number of seeds in the pomegranates you can buy from the store has started to decrease. What could this mean?
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Site plan
Ground floor plan
Cross-section
First floor plan
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The console-like office block of the building reaches towards P채rnu Road and fills the undefined void between the school and the former police building.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Tallinn English College Commission: 2004 Completed: 2007 Size: 4,000 m²
Tallinn English College Sports Complex A modern sports facility for a dignified school building Since the 19 th century, Tallinn city centre has rapidly expanded around the medieval Old Town. Historic events have caused several interruptions and radical changes in this development. One of the few areas that has been developed quite cohesively in the former bastion zone surrounding the Old Town is the quarter between Estonia Avenue and Pärnu Road. Theatres, a library, a court house and schools that were built at the beginning of the 20 th century are located there. Among them is also the English College, which for years had been waiting for its own sports complex.
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The open parking area on the ground floor helps preserve the view onto the courtyard from the street level.
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The gradually stepped terrace in the courtyard leading to the glass facade of the swimming pool is designed for open air classes and for students to have a place to spend their recess.
The new sports building designed by KOKO had to meet all of the school’s needs while taking the established urban context into consideration. The architects wanted to position the new building between the historic buildings as inconspicuously as possible but at the same time also make use of the courtyard and offer a modern and positive learning environment for the schoolchildren. Only a part of the sports complex extends towards one of Tallinn’s main roads – Pärnu Road, but the design of the section by the street is eye-catching if not provocative. This section of the building, which has been positioned on branched pillars, creates an entrance area for the sports complex and actively shapes the public space by the street – the courtyard of the sports complex seamlessly transitions into a street-side green area with a public bus stop that town people use actively.
* We knew people would see it as ‘upside down chicken legs”, even though we were thinking about trees. But what is most important – the children embraced it.
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The glass-walled corridor to the historic schoolhouse is visible behind the swimming pool. The walls of the room are covered with acoustic patterned plywood boards.
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The sports complex is built apart from the historic school building, although there is a connection in the basement that joins the two buildings. The pool is located in the basement, there is a parking lot above that and a gym is located on the upper floors. The design also includes office spaces, which are mainly located in the section that rests on the branched pillars by Pärnu Road. The interior architectural solutions of the sports hall mainly focus on children and young people and are designed with the desire to offer a fun and playful environment. Despite the small size of the site, an outside space resembling an amphitheatre was built in the courtyard, where it is possible to organize classes or more ceremonial events when the weather is nice. The excavated amphitheatre also provides the pool with natural daylight.
In the reception area, the counter (above) and the girls’ dressing room (below), the foundations for a Swedish-era bastion are visible through glass walls.
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The initial design included two concrete wings that would direct the light and the views; however, due to financial considerations, the wings were rejected by the client at the last minute.
During the design process for the English College sports complex there was a lot of scepticism from heritage officials and the more conservative city residents. Now that several years have passed since its completion it has become an organic part of the dignified buildings in Tallinn’s centre and enriches it with its colourful and playful character.
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Cross-section
Site plan
First floor plan Lower ground floor plan
Second floor plan
Third floor plan
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Estonian State Puppet and Youth Theatre Invited architecture competition: 2007, 1st prize Completed: 2010 Size: 1,500 m2
MUSEUM FOR PUPPET ARTS Museum of theatre puppets in the historic Old Town of Tallinn The theatre building housing the puppet theatre on the corner of Lai Street was built at the beginning of the 19 th century – the first professional Estonian theatre opened its doors there in 1809. A thorough reconstruction of the building occurred in the 1880s, and since that time the capacity and general appearance of the building has remained the same. The theatre decided in 2007 to establish a museum of puppet arts in the buildings next to the theatre that would be closely tied to the work the theatre was doing – it would introduce the history of the Estonian puppet theatre and theatre puppets via contemporary displays and technical solutions.
The glass bridge running through the inner courtyard links the exhibition space and creates the impression of walking through air.
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The room of theatre puppets from all around the world. Using touch screens the visitors can make the puppets move.
Considering the sensitive building regulations in the Old Town of Tallinn, the interior of the Medieval houses had to be restructured so that the spaces could be used by the museum. The winning design suggested the museum and the theatre be connected through the basement under the stage in the courtyard. Later on it was discovered that even though both of the buildings had a few spaces in the basement, neither of them had a deeper foundation. In order to build the passageway in the basement, a foundation to the building had to be constructed – already an extraordinary and complex task, complicated further by the fact that the building was located in the Old Town. In addition, the courtyard area between the buildings was also taken into use.
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The Wall of Stars introduces the theatre’s actors and plays.
The permanent exhibition starts in the basement with theatre posters and costumes. The glass floor reveals Medieval walls and wells. One of the limestone vaults accommodates a Wall of Stars with a video screen and 160 buttons complete with recordings of the performances of the actors of the puppet theatre. The ground floor includes a room dedicated to the founder of the theatre Ferdinand Veike and an exhibition introducing the history of puppet theatres both in Estonia and elsewhere in the world. A further room presents the world of puppets, where different types of puppets are displayed in clear cylinders and visitors can use touchscreens to move the puppets and learn about the mechanisms used to animate them.
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* The first professional theatre was already opened here in 1809. So we are living proof that the saying that theatre is an ephemeral art is not exactly true. Here children can see what the childhood of their parents was like.
Recognition: Membership of Excellence Club at the conference of world museums – Best in Heritage 2011.
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To comply with fire safety regulations, the roof is detachable in its entirety. A glass bridge goes through the courtyard area and connects the second floor rooms in which the permanent exhibition is displayed. From the bridge, the visitors can also see into the workshops of puppet masters and prop-makers. Going through the glass walled hallway under the courtyard stage, the visitors can sometimes see the actors preparing for the shows. So a glimpse behind the scenes becomes a part of the museum experience.
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Site plan
Cross-section
Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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The backs of the chairs in the large hall are decorated with a still from a well-known film, Naughty Curves (Vallatud kurvid).
Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Tallinnfilm Commission: 2009 Completed: 2010 Size: 1,000 m2
ARTIS CINEMA A unique art house cinema with two cinema halls in Tallinn city centre The only state funded art house cinema in Tallinn, Artis Cinema, is located on the second floor of the Solaris shopping centre, and the offices of Tallinnfilm are located on the third floor. This popcorn-free cinema with two cinema halls (181 and 72 seats) primarily screens European films but during its five years has also screened most Estonian feature films. The motivation behind the interior design is to convey the idea that we are all protagonists. The audience is already interested in the film when they enter the shopping centre on the ground floor and are greeted as the main character in a light box with a promotional poster. The steps leading up to the cinema are lit and the stair risers are used to advertise up-coming films. The black and white colour scheme used to create the general atmosphere in
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the cinema, lobby and café references film noir and black and white Estonian film classics. In the lobby, a familiar red carpet into which lines from film scripts have been woven directs the visitor to the ticket counter and from there into the cinema hall. Visitors can find quotes and screenshots from Estonian movies on many of the other interior design elements. Some of the seats in both cinema halls have been covered with printed fabrics that depict scenes from beloved Estonian movies: the seats of one of the halls depict a scene from Bumpy, the in the other from Naughty Curves. The light boxes on the backs of the couches in the café depict images from Priit Pärn’s animated films and the mural in the children’s playroom is by animation director, Avo Paistik.
Cinema floor plan
* Lenin already knew that cinema is ‘the art above all arts’. The levelling and unifying code of brainwashing has definitely not disappeared from the world of film. That makes it even more enjoyable to create something that washes people’s brains of the brainwashing and restores the individual and the personal. 69
Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Estonian History Museum Commission: 2008 Completed: 2011 Size: 1,500 m2
GREAT GUILD HALL IN TALLINN Colourful history inside an intriguing space The Great Guild Hall with its high gable roof is a building with a remarkable history located in the heart of Tallinn’s Old Town near the Town Hall Square. For centuries the Great Guild joined Tallinn’s merchants and the building served as their meeting place. For the last 50 years, the rooms have been used by the Estonian History Museum. It was the museum’s ambitious plan to establish a comprehensive and modern exhibition about the history of Estonia that triggered the thorough process of renovating the 600-year-old building. The interior design solutions and design of the new exhibition were KOKO’s contribution.
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The floor of the main hall of the Great Guild is made of black metal, in which thematically related elements are etched along with a mysterious dragon game for children. The exhibition has been divided into thematic groups and part of the hall is designated for more intimate music events.
The museum wanted to open the entire Great Guild Hall to the public. In addition to the ground floor along with the main hall, the exhibition was to extend to the cellar, which thus far had been closed to visitors. Thorough archaeological and historical research into the construction complicated the design and construction process but these were also inspiring as they provided additional information about the history of the building and helped enrich the new exhibition at the museum.
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* During its 600-year existence this house has seen more parties than any other in Tallinn. The Great Guild brought together the merchants of Tallinn and it was here they had their gatherings and parties.
The exhibition rooms at the Great Guild Hall are located on the ground floor, the cellar and the excise chamber. The latter introduces the history of the currencies that were used or found in Estonia and the main hall exhibits the permanent exhibition “Spirit of Survival – 11,000 Years of Estonian History”. Several unique solutions have been used for the new interior design and fixtures. Special attention has been paid to the furniture, lighting and information graphics. Most of the installations are modern on purpose but their dignified design refers to the historical rooms of the Great Guild Hall.
A cloakroom for enlightened visitors.
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Climatically controlled display cases exhibiting rare artefacts.
A time capsule that allows the visitors to travel to the events of the past and challenge themselves.
The foyer and ticket office area with a counter showing the changes in the Estonian population using grains placed in resin.
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The rust coloured display cases in the weapons chamber exhibit handguns through the centuries. In order to explain the history of these rarities and how they fire, a user’s guide was created using multimedia screens.
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Cross-section
Site plan
Traditional and chronological storytelling was discarded in creating the new permanent exhibition as well as other exhibitions. The items, texts, animations and interactive tools at the exhibition focused on selected themes and introduced Estonia, the complex history of its people and their connections with neighbouring countries and peoples.
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The basement of the Great Guild has housed a wine cellar and other facilities. Now the large display cases on wheels tell these stories.
Basement floor plan
Ground floor plan
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The area for the congregation in the main hall of Maaria Church has been elevated to provide an opportunity for those in the hall to see outside through the high windows.
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Location: Tartu, Estonia Client: Tartu Maarja Kiriku SA Open architecture competition: 2011, 1st prize Size: 2,000 m2
TARTU MAARJA CHURCH Renovation of a historic church in the centre of Tartu The Neo-classicist Maarja church in Tartu was built in 1842. In 1869, the rehearsals for the first Estonian Song Festival were conducted here. The church burnt down during the Second World War, and in 1941, now without a tower and in ruin, it was reconstructed as the gymnasium for the Estonian Academy of Agriculture. The building was only given back to the congregation in 2009, and will soon be re-consecrated as a church. The exterior, including the tower, will be restored as they once were; the interior, however, will be designed as a contemporary church hall and centre for the congregation. The hall is elevated so that its floor is at the same height as the windowsills. The elevated surface is open on the side-isles and so the floor seems like a floating platform. This design allows the old walls to be restored in their original form. Beneath this floor there is a separate level with spaces designated for the congregation – a side hall, library, kitchen, playroom for children, offices, toilets and so on. Almost all of the rooms have internal windows, so the light from the windows of the main hall can reach those spaces as well. The ceiling of the main hall will be open and feature the structure of the roof with contemporary chandeliers. A minimalist altar will be placed on a podium and illuminated by a large skylight. The rear wall of the altar will consist of glass partition walls with a cross cut into them.
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* In 1869, the dress rehearsal of the first national song festival was conducted in this church. Since then the song festival has been an inseparable part of the Estonian identity. The country was freed from Soviet rule with the help of a series of singing events that have now become known as the Singing Revolution.
Site plan
The interior of the church is austere and characteristic of the Lutheran tradition – white walls, black altar and natural oiled wood.
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Cross-section
Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Levira Invited architecture competition: 2009, 1st prize Completed: 2012 Size: 10,000 m2
Tallinn TV Tower From a Soviet era technostructure to a modern tourist attraction The Tallinn TV tower is the highest building in Estonia. It was constructed between 1975–1980 for the Moscow Olympic Games sailing regatta held in Tallinn as a part of a large building programme undertaken before the event, and which also produced structures like Linnahall, the post office in the city centre, Pirita Olympic Sailing Centre and many others. A few years later, the TV Tower, located in the pine forests of Pirita, became a symbol of Estonia’s regained independence when local activists held it against Soviet soldiers. The tower, boasting the most spectacular viewing platform in the city, and from which even the coast of Finland is visible in clear weather, was closed to the public in 2007, as it could no longer comply with the fire safety regulations.
Initially, the entrance and the view to the TV tower were cut off by a gate structure and roofed walkways. These were demolished during reconstruction and replaced with a tunnel and a ramp into the heart of the structure.
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At night the robotic mushrooms in the exhibition halls at the top of the tower stare at each other with their red screen-eyes and sway in a cosmic rhythm.
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In the back wall of the cinema hall the stained glass windows by Dolores Hoffmann become visible between sessions.
In 2009, KOKO architects won the competition for the renovation of the tower – it was to once again become popular among sightseers. In the past, it had mostly been the restaurant floor of the tower that had been open to the public, but the new design set out to create a complex centre of entertainment and leisure. One of the most significant changes envisioned by KOKO was redesigning the entrance area. The old canopy and pools were replaced by a modern entrance with slanted surfaces, which also starts the exhibition showcasing the history of Tallinn TV Tower.
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The exhibition introducing the history of the Tallinn TV Tower is located on the first floor.
* Why was this tower – a wonder of sorts – built anyway? Were the communist chiefs of Estonia at the time just cunning enough to add it to the list of structures to be completed for the This tower was one of the central sites in the military coup that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The supporters of Estonian independence barricaded themselves inside the tower and kept broadcasting information about the situation.
Olympic Games?
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In the 1980s, the restaurant at the top of the TV tower became a well-loved place, where among other things people came to see if they could see the coast of Finland.
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The restaurant is located on the floors previously inhabited by the station for broadcasting analogue television. The equipment that once needed an entire floor has been sent for recycling and is now replaced by a cupboard of servers. During the night the glass walls of the restaurant offer views of the lit cityscape below.
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The exhibition on the 21 st floor introduces famous Estonians and Estonian inventions.
Robotic mushroom
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In the interior of the tower, both the lower floors as well as the upper restaurant and exhibition floors were redesigned. The interior design is inspired by the techno-aesthetic of the 1960s and 1970s. The modern colour and lighting solutions and the special designs for the furnishings create an air of being in a time capsule.
The project, built between 1975 and 1980, was based on a 250-metre factory chimney.
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Hello, tower! This is ground control! Ksssk... kssk... ksssk, 1978.
Longitudinal section
Ground floor plan
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Site plan
First floor plan
When it comes to the restaurant floor, the design focuses on the comfort of the guests and allows them to fully enjoy the views. On the upper floor of the exhibition visitors can individually interact with robots with touch screens and motion sensors. KOKO architects has converted the Tallinn TV Tower from a Soviet era techno-structure into a modern entertainment centre. The restaurant, cinema and the exhibition spaces invite visitors to spend a stimulating and enjoyable day in the TV tower while taking in the spectacular views of Tallinn.
Exhibition floor plan
Restaurant floor plan
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Estonian Maritime Museum Open architecture competition: 2009, 1st prize Completion: 2012 Size: 8,000 m2
SEAPLANE HARBOUR A symbiosis of engineering and marine history The seaplane hangars at Tallinn Seaplane Harbour is one of the most valuable buildings of the 20 th century in the Baltic States. The Danish engineering and construction company Christiani & Nielsen designed the hangars that were built in 1916–1917. The building is remarkable both in terms of construction science and technology, and their uniqueness stems from the structural solution. The main body of the hangars consists of three concrete shells (thickness 8–12 cm) and the pillars that support them at the corners and joints. This is the first known steel concrete shell construction of this size in the world – 36.4 by 116 metres. As the seaplane hangars had not been renovated since their construction, they were on the verge of collapse. In 2009, KOKO won the architectural competition, and the winning entry became the basis for the reconstruction. The new exhibition of the Estonian Maritime Museum was established inside the hangars. The complexity of the restoration of the old steel concrete construction required close cooperation with scientists from Tallinn Technical University, conventional building skills and quality materials. Next to the reconstruction of the old building, KOKO put special emphasis on the architectural design which emerged from the needs of the museum.
The Sydney Opera House is famous throughout the world. As a young man, the engineer Ove Arup worked for the Danish company Christiani & Nielsen, which created the concrete shells for the seaplane hangar.
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1. The Seaplane Harbour was built right by the sea and the Old Town as part of the sea fortress of Peter the Great. 2. The seaplane hangars in the 1920s. 3. The winning design by Christian & Nielsen in the international engineering competition for the seaplane hangars. 4. Charles Lindbergh, the first pilot to complete a solo flight over the Atlantic Ocean, visiting the seaplane harbour in 1933. 5. Charles Lindbergh’s open cockpit plane Tingmissartoq in the hangars. 6. The Short184 type planes based in the seaplane hangars. 7. A visiting seaplane is being dragged along a ramp into a hangar, 1930s. 8. The hard job of the naval flight unit, 1924.
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1. The visiting seaplane of the Swedish air force, early 1920s. 2. The warehouse keepers of the flight unit making an inventory, 1920s. 3. In the middle of the hangar – spy planes belonging to the Finnish air force; at the sides – the planes of the Estonian naval air force.
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1.–2. During the Soviet era, the hangars were used as warehouses for the military and the aquatic area was filled with half-sunken watercraft. 3. In the 1970s, heritage protection strongly recommended renovating the concrete domes, which had little effect on the Soviet military. View of the hangars in 2010, just before the renovation. 4. The interior of the hangar, 2009. The inner surface of the domes had deteriorated to such an extent that daylight shone through the concrete.
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1. The reconstruction of the concrete structures of the hangars continued around the clock. To avoid them collapsing due to vibrations, the construction could only be repaired one small patch at a time. 2. The corroded armatures were washed out of the concrete using high pressure (2,600 bars) water blasting. 3. The armatures were covered one by one and by hand with rust-repellent chemicals. 4. A skateboarder conducts load bearing tests on the unrenovated domes, 2010.
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On the sides of the hangars there are liftable gates, which when open, allow light from outside to fill the space and the technical engineering of the room becomes visible.
KOKO wanted to preserve the overall impression of the space when planning architectural additions and the exhibition for the museum – these additions were designed delicately while honouring the historic body of the construction. As a significant architectural change, two sides of the building were opened to the daylight – the mute walls were replaced with a glass facade, covered by massive sliding doors that follow historic examples. Additional spaces were planned inside the hangars: the gallery for the cannons and the main entrance. The steel footbridge that crosses the entire space and connects different parts of the museum exhibition received special attention. During the two and a half years the Seaplane Harbour has been open as a branch of the Estonian Maritime Museum, it has been visited by more than a million people, which is also the number of people living in Estonia.
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* We really had no idea we would win so many awards with this project. We were actually thinking about Lennart Meri, the former president of Estonia who was really concerned with the decay of this magnificent building but the self-proclaimed owners didn’t even allow him to enter the grounds in 2001.
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View from the walkway elevated to the height of the waterline of the submarine Lembit. The walkway is made up of 1,800 different shaped metal details.
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The arched bridge takes visitors 10 metres above the floor (above); a view from the museum cafĂŠ (below).
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1. Supergraphics of the building printed on metal boards 2. The interactive Yellow Submarine 3. Interactive seaplane simulator based on the Sopwith Camel 4. View of the exhibition hall 5. Seaplane Short 184 6. The plywood cockpit of a Short 184.
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1. In 1936, Estonia ordered two identical submarines, Kalev and Lembit from England. 2. The construction of Lembit in the Wickers-Armstrong factory. 3. The submarine Lembit with its foundation and fog machine is the main exhibit of the Seaplane Harbour.
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The main idea of the exhibition designed by KOKO is conceptually strong, spatially challenging and at the same time quite flexible. The interior of the hangars has been divided into three “worlds” – underwater, on the surface and in the air. These “worlds” made it possible to present a large amount of the collection of the Maritime Museum in a characteristic environment – sea mines and the submarine “Lembit” in an underwater world, yachts, boats and cannons on the water surface, aeroplanes and other air objects in the air under the concrete-shell roof (e.g. the Short 184 seaplane). Manifold narratives, multi-layered information, time and space characterize the exhibition in the museum. Its focus is the visitors, and their behaviour and movement throughout the space. The main attention of visitors is on the emotional, immediate experience – they can move on the different levels, also on the footbridge that flows throughout the exposition space. Convenient multimedia screens help them explore the many stories associated with the hangars, marine and military history and the history of Estonia.
The interior and the periscope room of the restored submarine.
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The arched bridge follows the geometry and angle of the domes, from the top of the bridge, visitors can enjoy a view of the Short 184 seaplane.
The architecture of the seaplane hangars and the exhibition first and foremost tells the story of our own time using artefacts from the past. Neither the exhibition nor the new architecture, sensitively placed within the historic concrete construction, glorifies war, Estonian history or national identity. The visitor has the freedom and space to interpret the building and the exhibition on their own.
Open air exposition of minesweepers and warships from the recent past.
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The wreck of the Maasilinna ship.
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Recognition: 2014 International real estate competition MIPIM Awards / Best refurbished development / shortlisted as finalist 2014 European Museum Forum / European Museum of the Year Award / Special Commendation 2013 EU Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Awards 2013 / Conservation / Grand Prix 2013 DOMUS International award for restoration and preservation / Ex Aequo Silver Medal 2013 Interior Design Association (IIDA) Global Excellence Awards / Category: cultural, institutional, educational / Best of Category winner / Interior Architecture of the Seaplane Harbour 2013 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture / Mies van der Rohe Award / Nominee 2012 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize / Reconstruction of Seaplane Harbour hangars and Tallinn TV Tower 2012 Swedish Business Awards / Estonia / Environmental Award / Seawater heating system for Seaplane Harbour 2012 Tallinn Culture and Heritage Department / Honourable mention 2012 Estonian Design Awards / Product Design Award BRUNO / Best Design Project 2012 Estonian Design Awards / Best Design Team / Seaplane Harbour / KOKO architects & Produktsioonigrupp 2012 Estonian Design Awards / Graphic Design / Environmental Design / bronze / Seaplane hangar floor / KOKO architects & Produktsioonigrupp 2012 World Architecture Festival / Old and new & Display / Shortlisted 2012 Estonian Association of Architectural and Consulting Engineering Companies / Construction Project of the Year 2012 Estonian Concrete Association / Concrete Building of the Year
The wall of the cannon platform is decorated with large paintings, which, in their surreal themes, are linked to the exhibition. The pre-First World War coastal defence cannons produced in the French Canet factory (above) and a painting on the theme of a coastal defence unit (below).
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The aquatic area of the Seaplane Harbour and the open air exhibition of historic ships. Currently there are no submarines under the surface of the water; however, the pumping stations for the hangars’ heating system are there utilising the sea water.
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Asendiskeem
Site plan
Cross-section
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Isomeetriline vaade
Isometric view
Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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Location: Tartu, Estonia Client: University of Tartu Open architecture competition: 2011, 1st prize To be completed: 2015 Size: 2,000 m2
University of Tartu Natural History Museum Renovations for one of the oldest museums in Estonia and a new permanent exposition The Natural History Museum of the University of Tartu was founded in 1802. The building was designed by Otto Hoffmann and was originally meant to house the museum of geology and zoology and their institutes. The permanent exhibition had not changed in 40 years until renovations began in 2011. The aim of the new exhibition and learning environment for the museum is to create a cognitive and experience-based exhibition of the history of the natural sciences, including ground-breaking discoveries and findings. Visitors are invited to experience the fascinating world of nature and zoology, and try to grasp its essence. The museum also wanted to unite the previously separated zoology and geology exhibitions and to bring in new areas of botany and mycology.
The Natural History Museum of the University of Tartu founded in 1802 is one of the oldest museums in Estonia. That means this zebra was alive more than 200 years ago and the rabbit was born in 1809.
Longitudinal section
The exhibition “Earth – Life – Story” is divided into three parts: the history of the earth or the hall of geology, the diversity of life or the hall of zoology, botany and mycology and patterns of life or the hall of biomes, natural communities, the distribution of species and their relations. The spatial organisation of the exhibition was inspired by the desire to take the animals and birds back to the forest. Longitudinal section (fragment)
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An exhibition on the theme of the Big Bang.
This idea is expressed through an artificial forest involving high glass display cases. Each tree in the artificial forest is positioned so that it reaches into the ceiling, where the panels, covered with lighting fixtures, seem to become its branches. The historic walls have been renovated and new sections discreetly set apart from the older ones. The windows of both halls are in no way concealed, so that they continue to contribute to the elegant atmosphere of the original space. The balconies have also been designed to stand further away from the windows in ordered to create a more open feeling.
Site plan
Second floor plan
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Location: Rakvere, Estonia Client: Aqva Hotels Invited architecture competition: 2010, 1st prize Completed: 2013 Size: 4,500 m2
AQVA SPA HOTEL 50-room hotel in the flourishing spa and museum town of Rakvere in Virumaa The town of Rakvere, located on the northern shore of Estonia, close to beautiful Lahemaa National Park is becoming increasingly known as a destination for enjoying spa relaxation and cultural events. The historical town of Rakvere was first mentioned in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry in 1226. In the 16th century, after the Livonian war, a magnificent stone castle was built in Rakvere and now the ruins of that castle have become the town’s main attraction together with its museum, concerts and theatre performances.
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Even Stanley Kubrick would want to live in this white suite – it closely resembles the milk bar in his cult film A Clockwork Orange.
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As requested by the client, each of the suites is different in colour and style. The multifaceted interior offers the guests the opportunity to imagine travelling to different eras and locations.
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In 2008, the Rakvere spa and aquatic centre was built nearby the ruins of the castle, and in 2013 a 4-storey hotel was added to the complex. The spa and the hotel are connected by a glass walkway just above the street. The ground floor of the hotel houses conference rooms, the first and the second, accommodation for guests and the third floor is reserved for suites. The hotel has a mansard roof with a 45-degree angle, inspired by the height and angling of the roofs of the buildings in the old town. The building itself is relatively compact and an intricate double facade was used to create a more dynamic appearance. The insulated wall and the balconies are evenly covered with L-shaped metal profiles, creating a new layer for the facade with water drop shaped openings for the balconies. The water drop motifs act as a reference to the name of the hotel and its connection to the aquatic centre.
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Site plan
Main facade view
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Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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Location: Soddatjørn, Norway Client: Stavanger Turistforening Commission: 2013 To be completed: 2016 Size: 350 m2
MOUNTAIN LODGES IN SODDATJØRN Modern weather-proof lodges on the Rogaland hiking trail Stavanger Turistforening (STF) or the Stavanger Tourism Association has 23,000 members and provides active, versatile and environmentally friendly activities in the wilderness for young and old, families, amateur hikers and mountaineering enthusiasts. STF has 35 self-catering mountain lodges in the area. Visitors are usually members of Norway’s trekking associations. The system is built on trust: each person leaves money for the accommodation in a box inside the lodge or fills in an invoice form with their personal information. Since the lodges are mostly a long way from roads and traffic and difficult to get to, it is also the task of the visitors to take care of the visitors coming after them: everyone replenishes the food supply, brings firewood and cleans the lodge before they leave. In 2013, the Norwegian Tourism Association organized an architectural competition to construct selfcatering mountain lodges for the hiking trail around Lysefjord and on the rocky shores of the Soddatjørn Mountain Lake. The competition criteria stipulated that the lodges must be contemporary, easy to maintain and use ready-made factory modules in order to avoid long construction periods in the inaccessible mountains and unpredictable weather conditions.
The Norwegians are a nation of true explorers – from Roald Amundsen, Fridtjof Nansen and the legendary globetrotter Thor Heyerdahl to ordinary small town shopkeepers. Not many of them stay in the city on weekends.
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The solution by KOKO architects takes the wilderness experience one step further. The group of buildings includes a main building, sleeping cabins, a toilet with a storage room and a sauna. Water can be taken from the lake and there is no mains electricity supply. The main building, sleeping cabins and sauna will be heated using wood. There are two gas stoves in the kitchen that visitors can use at the same time and a solar panel provides lighting. The hikers can wash themselves in the sauna where the washing room is located directly above a mountain stream. The exterior finishes on the lodges are of rolled zinc, which resists the wind and snow and does not require maintenance for decades. The interior uses a lot of wood, which creates a warm and friendly atmosphere. All of the buildings have a wall of glass with panoramic views of the surrounding picturesque landscape. The main building with its rectangular plan and kitchen, living area and sleeping facilities, can accommodate 30 to 35 trekkers. The smaller lodges can accommodate five. The rooms in the main building are arranged to encourage interaction between different trekking parties.
Site plan
These innovative lodges with minimal impact on the environment are assembled in a factory in the Baltics, transported to Norway by ship and from there flown to their final destination by helicopter.
Cross-sections of the main building
The criteria of the architecture competition stipulated the project should be contemporary, require minimal maintenance, use factory produced modules in order to avoid lengthy construction in the mountains in difficult weather.
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The sauna, seemingly missing a wall, with a view of a tarn.
Is there space for everyone? The Stavanger Tourist Association has 23,000 members. If they were all to take turns, 63 of them would need a house like this each day of the year.
Floor plan of the main building
Cross-section of the main building
Floor plan of the sauna
Cross-section of the sauna
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Location: Pärnu, Estonia Client: Nordecon Commission: 2013 To be completed: 2015 Size: 13,000 m2 Original architect of the White building: Ants Raid Original architects of the Green building: Edda ja Jüri Soolep
RESORT HOTEL & SPA ESTONIA A modern hotel and spa with 106 rooms in the famous former Pärnu sanatorium The design of the spa hotel, which is located by Pärnu Beach Park, focuses on creating a modern Estonian leisure centre to highlight its excellent location, distinctive features and values. The two buildings – the Green building and the White building – are joined by a glass gallery that runs above the street. In future, all of the spa and conference services will be located in one building, and accommodation services in the other building. A conference area will be added to the ground floor and a pool complex on the second floor of the White building. The old U-shaped building will house saunas, changing rooms, a beauty centre and the necessary utility rooms. The new design solution for the Green building will include a restaurant and 106 rooms. The interior architectural solution conveys in a modern form the key ideas and symbols associated with Estonia, and especially with Pärnu. Print patterns, embossing, textured surfaces and so on are used to establish the atmosphere. The Estonian natural environment, folk traditions, handicrafts, music and poetry have all been sources of inspiration. Natural materials have mainly been used in the finishings.
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The interior of the conference hall is decorated with ceiling lamps in the shape of flocks of birds and the carpet print depicts spring and autumn migratory birds, which symbolically resemble ancient Estonian meetings called kärajad. The design of the spa area reveals references to the sea, summer beaches and related motifs – a shoal of fish, sun glistening on the water, seashells, the slightly faded colours of the beach sand and driftwood. The corridor leading to the spa reception is covered with a luminous ceiling inspired by a shoal of sprats and the carpet below
* It was in the same town where 30 years ago the play The Hour of Spirits on Jannsen
Street was performed an unbelievable 314 times – the heroine of which was Koidula, the mother of Estonian poetry.
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is printed with the shadows of the fish swimming above. The shape of the reception desk is inspired by a shell. The design of the sauna area has taken waving crop fields as a visual starting point, the second floor pool area takes its inspiration from the lakes covered in water-lilies, raindrops on the surface of a glassy lake and waving rushes. The concept of the lobby bar and restaurant area is based on a very important Estonian symbol – the song festival. The floor design of the room uses a belt pattern motif, where the pattern becomes more colourful and visible as you move from the lobby toward the restaurant bar, which is an indirect image of the folk heading to the festivities. Letters to Kreutzwald from Lydia Koidula have been printed on the curtains.
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Cross-section
Site plan
Ground floor plan of the Green building
Ground floor plan of the White building
Second floor plan of the Green building
Second floor plan of the White building
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Estonian Health Care Museum Open architecture competition: 2010, 1st prize Completed: 2014 Size: 2,000 m2
THE ESTONIAN HEALTH CARE MUSEUM Reconstruction of a medieval merchant home to house an interactive exhibition The idea of establishing an Estonian health museum already emerged in 1922 and the first exhibition was held in 1924. Having seen the health museums in Dresden, Berlin, Amsterdam, Helsinki and Paris, the secretary of the working group and subsequent director of the museum, Voldemar Sumberg, prepared a development concept for the museum: “Health museums are not just depositories for antiquities and historical artefacts. They are educational institutions for teaching people about health care issues through illustrative and captivating exhibits, while firmly grounded in the requirements of real life and scientific achievements.” At first the museum was active in various locations in Tartu. After World War II, the museum closed, but was reopened in 1968. The museum moved to its current premises at 28/30 Lai Street in Tallinn’s Old Town in 1989. Prior to that the Polish company PKZ had renovated the two medieval merchant houses. The complete reconstruction of the building and creation of a new permanent exhibition started in 2011. All technical systems were renewed in a manner that respects and cherishes the old building – hiding the necessary wiring and other systems in the walls, ceilings and floors. The wooden gates on the Lai Street side that had been kept closed were opened, and behind them doors made from only slightly reflective glass were installed so it is possible to see inside.
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“A Heart to Heart about Your Body” – the new permanent exhibition of the museum aims to give visitors a vivid and memorable experience of health, the history of health care and breakthrough discoveries in the field. Visitors have the chance to enter the human world at a microscopic level and to test their senses. The structure of the exhibition follows the cycle of life, covering all vital functions from birth to death, making detours at each stage of life to focus on those organs, senses and functions
What is a human being made of? Mostly water. This piece of information was not especially helpful to us and we had to find knowledge from old and wise sources – the history and the exhibits of the museum.
that play the greatest role at that point, or alternatively, that cause the most trouble. The interior design features are based on the body and the human anatomy, magnifying a cell or structure beyond actual size, thus supporting and explaining the idea of the exhibition. With a diversity of graphic solutions in the form of diagrams, wax and plastic anatomical models, a complete picture is given of the inside of the human body. Wonderful opportunities for interaction are provided by hands-on electronic and mechanical displays. Computer programs created especially for the museum help explain basic truths about the functioning of the body and provide educational entertainment.
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Site plan
A skeleton inspired reception counter in the foyer
Cross-section
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Ground floor plan
Room of optical illusions
First floor plan
Second floor plan
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Location: Laulasmaa, Estonia Client: Arvo Pärt Centre Pre-qualified architecture competition: 2014 Size: 2,000 m2
ARVO PÄRT CENTRE A triad formed by the music of a world-renowned composer, and the natural landscape and space of Laulasmaa The architectural design competition organised by the Arvo Pärt Centre and the Union of Estonian Architects aimed to find the best architectural solution for a building that would house Arvo Pärt’s archive at its core. The building should include among other things a concert hall, café and office space. The starting point for the architectural design of the building was the music of Arvo Pärt with its asceticism, clarity and concentration; the inspiration for the design was Arvo Pärt’s tintinnabuli composition technique. The most important aim was to minimise any interference with the surrounding environment and remain sensitive to the pine forest in the dunes near the seashore in order to maintain harmony between the activities within the building and the natural surroundings.
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The building consists of two intertwined forms whose meeting point creates the courtyard. Large undivided rectangular windows offer panoramic views of the surrounding forest landscape. The remaining walls have been created from transparent elements that at a smaller scale are reminiscent of the brick-shaped form of the building. The wall elements – wooden squares filled with blocks of glass – are placed at angles creating the image of a sound wave moving along the wall. The building opens up quietly for the viewer from the inside and outside, depending on his or her location and movement. The creative spaces that require most silence and privacy have been placed on the second floor, and accessed via the gallery stairs. The main concepts for the interior design are purity, simplicity and warmth. The interior design concept for the auditorium highlights the person and the sound. The structure of the building is made of local sustainable construction and interior design materials.
* The architectural design of the building was inspired by the
Cross-section
asceticism and clarity of Arvo Pärt’s works. The design also looked toward the tintinnabuli compositional technique – central to Pärt’s music.
Ground floor plan
Concert hall
First floor plan
Reception area (above) and a spacious courtyard (below)
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Location: Helsinki, Finland Client: Tekniikan Museo Commission: 2014 Size: 400 m2
HELSINKI MUSEUM OF TECHNOLOGY A forward looking exposition of telecommunication history
Site plan
Ground floor plan
Helsinki Museum of Technology is located in Vanhakaupunki, the part of town where king of Sweden Gustav Vasa founded Helsinki in 1550. The idea to convert a former waterworks building in the estuary of the Vanta River was proposed in 1966 and the first exhibition was opened in 1972. The collection of the museum presents the story of Finland’s path from an agrarian country to a technology hotspot. The slogan “Look into the past, see the future” is used to show historical inventions and achievements that explain contemporary technology and a glimpse into future. The roots of the new lay in the old.
Cinema
For business or pleasure?
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Tower of devices
Future tunnel Car devices
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Fronts and backs
KOKO architects will design a new exposition for a quarter of the permanent exhibition space. The history of telecommunication exhibition runs through two floors of the cylindrical building. The core idea of the exposition is to show how the past dreams of the future became reality and how inventions and innovation are connected to people’s daily lives. Interactive applications help to view and illustrate several visions of the future from past centuries: the world of networking, mobile lifestyles and the virtual life.
Electronic community
Everyday life
Workshop Technology of sound
Relay centres
Information transfer
Visitors future dreams
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Internet before Internet Technical hobbyists
Networks
Transistors History Tigerstedt
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Past dreams
Floor plan of the exhibition area
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1. Dreams 2. Innovators 3. Use of the innovation 4. What the future holds
Old inventions and technical achievements will be presented through high-tech and hands-on activities that are exciting for children as well as true technology fans. An “electrical mirror” will visualize the idea of video communication by Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt (1887–1925). The inventor, who was mainly interested in recording sound, also envisaged today’s video phones: “One day people will sit at home and follow events in the world with a device that I call an ‘electrical eye’.” The culmination of the exhibition is a vision of our future. Visitors can present their vision to be recorded in picture and sound. Moving forward through the tunnel of the future, they will reach screens that depict life in a futuristic world.
* Finnish TV helped Estonians remain European and to dismantle the Soviet Union. Already at the end of the 19th century, the Finnish inventor Tigerstedt tried to design a video telephone using electricity and a mirror.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Estonian History Museum Open architecture competition: 2014, 1st prize Size: 4,000 m2
MAARJAMÄE PALACE Reconstructing the premises of the Estonian History Museum at a historic summer manor by Tallinn Bay Maarjamäe Palace is the best-preserved intact summer manor complex in Tallinn. It was built in 1874 by order of count Anatoli Orlov-Davydov of St. Petersburg on the territory of a former factory. The stairs leading to the palace date back to the same year, and before Pirita Road was built, these led directly to the sea. The task of the architectural competition was to logistically plan the internal rooms and outdoor spaces of the Estonian History Museum located in the existing building while integrating the historic building with the function of the museum and the parks surrounding the building. The key idea for the design by KOKO architects is “layers” – marking the historic layers, the multilayered exhibitions and the visible geological strata at Maarjamäe. Lines that vaguely resemble the museum's logo divide the landscape around the palace into sections that mark the various stages of Estonian history including “the good old Swedish times”, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and so on. The relationship between the design and the historic building is environmentally sensitive. The goal is to maintain a homogeneous spatial impression by also making the visitors and employees feel as comfortable as possible while at the museum.
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Upon entering the building the visitors first find themselves in the foyer where a logical separation between the restaurant and the museum takes place. The new stairs and lift lead to the permanent exhibition on the first floor. The foyer, the new staircase leading up to the first floor and the summer hall form a prominent space like a kind of enfilade. The museum's ticket and souvenir counter is also situated in the foyer, which has been designed using coloured layers where every 10cm-segment marks 100 years in Estonian history dating back to the year 1000. The coloured segments mark various foreign powers in Estonia. Important dates can also be added there. The summer hall can be used as part of the restaurant as well as the museum, and the conference hall can be used for temporary exhibitions. Toilets and the cloakroom have been arranged in such a way that makes them comfortable to use for museum, restaurant and conference centre visitors. Food from the kitchen, which is located in the basement, is transported to the restaurant in a lift and the route between the lift and restaurant has been designed to be as inconspicuous as possible.
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Site plan
* “Layers� is the Cross-section
Longitudinal section
keyword and starting point for the design. Layers mark the historic formations, the multi-layered nature of the exhibitions and the outcrop of geological layers at Maarjamäe.
Ground floor plan
First floor plan
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COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE BUILDINGS
Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Koger ja Partnerid Commission: 2004 Completed: 2007 Size: 19,400 m2
FAHLE HOUSE An urban landmark at the gates of Tallinn Fahle house, which was designed by KOKO, is one of the characteristic examples of architecture during the recent economic boom in Estonia. It is a building that from an architectural point of view was ambitious, from a real estate development point of view risky, and from the heritage protection point of view controversial and received a lot of attention from the public. Situated at one of the main entrances to Tallinn, between the airport and city centre, Fahle house draws the attention of every passer-by. The building is part of the complex of a former cellulose and paper factory where the most outstanding building is the tall and voluminous boiler house (1926) built from limestone and designed by architect Erich Jacoby.
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1. A map of the Tallinn area from 1688. The paper mill by Lake Ăœlemiste was located just outside the city, behind a small patch of woods. Paper was manufactured there until 1993, when the factory went bankrupt. 2. View of the Tallinn Fibreboard and Cellulose Factory from Tartu Road, 1927. 3. A maquette of the Tallinn Cellulose and Paper Factory, 1970s. 4. At the time the Soviet Union was celebrating its 50th anniversary, the windows of the boiler building were broken because without them the boiler room could be nicely ventilated. 5. The factory operating during the 1950s. 6. The workers of the factory in a tanning booth, 1970s.
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* Life was not easy in the 1950s, there was a considerable deficit of textiles, so the operator of the boiler room Salme Pebre got married in a paper dress.
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1. View from inside the ruins of the boiler building. The boiling barrels have been stolen through holes in the walls of the building, 1995. 2. The ruins of the storage rooms – now a restaurant operates here, 1995. 3. The boiler building at the beginning of the renovation works, 2004. 4. The demolition of the interior of the factory, 1995. 5. The empty boiler rooms resembled the waiting rooms of purgatory, 1995.
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Hoppers for chopped wood, 1995.
The reconstructed Fahle house complex also carries several service and business functions, from beauty salons to a restaurant. Symbolically, the main function of the house is to provide residential spaces because based on KOKO’s designs a six-storey section with apartments was added on top of the old boiler house, on the limestone walls.
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Boiler, 1936.
Renovated hopper in office interior, 2008,
* In the spaces on the third floor there are the ferro-concrete hoppers through which the mass of timber was directed into the boiling kettles. Chopped wood funnels, 2004.
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Old factory staircase.
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Office of KOKO architects.
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The interior of the plant had been destroyed by the time reconstruction started and this made it possible to reorganize the internal layout and room division. Offices and service spaces are mainly located in the historical rooms of the plant. Different sized apartments are located inside the new section with a glass facade, on the roof of the former boiler house. The new section is supported by reinforced concrete beams, which have been hidden between the walls of the boiler house and reach down into the subsoil. The architects tried to preserve and display the historic interior details and the wall and floor surfaces where possible. For example, the hoppers, which were partially preserved, are part of the fourth floor offices and apartments. These hoppers were funnels made from reinforced concrete, which were used to direct wood mass into the gigantic boilers. The boilers were destroyed but their locations are marked using circles on the ceilings and floors. Located at the gates of Tallinn, Fahle house with its conceptually clear and self-aware yet playful architecture stimulates the desires of the passers-by, encourages them to imagine life in this large green aquarium with the best views in the capital. It is a modern, chic and stylish living environment, which is meant for a self-aware, wealthy, youthful customer, and an environment that supports and cultivates an urban elitist life-style.
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Recognition: 2007 London Design Museum / Design of the Year / Category: achitecture / Shortlisted as finalist 2006 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize for Architecture
Site plan
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Ground floor plan
Cross-section
Third floor plan Eighth floor plan
Eleventh floor plan
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Location: Viljandi, Estonia Client: Kerri C&M, Sakala Kirjastus Commission: 2004 Completed: 2006 Size: 1,500 m2
SAKALA EDITORIAL BUILDING A transparent office building in the centre of Viljandi The Sakala editorial building is located in the centre of Viljandi on Tartu Street, next to a former doughnut cafe in a building of historical value. The old milieu was retained by making the new building taller on one side so as to create a uniform central square together with the Rubiin Cinema, Grand Hotel Viljandi, and other surrounding buildings of the same height. At the same time, the side facing Tartu Street is lower, and therefore, does not obstruct the view of pedestrians on the street. At first red brick and large windows were planned, but due to resistance from the National Heritage Board, the plan was dismissed and almost the entire building was constructed using glass. Despite some initial reservations, the people of Viljandi were ultimately pleased with the result, and the fact that the building is lit on dark evenings has attracted particular praise along with the role the new structure plays in helping invigorate the previously deserted city centre. The ground floor houses a bank and a shop and the Sakala Editorial offices are located on the upper levels. Letters and words form the design theme throughout, since the Sakala newspaper has been working with words for more than a century (Carl Robert Jakobson founded the newspaper in 1878). Letters, words and memorable quotations can be seen on glass partitions, tables and floors. The more clever Sakala headlines over the years are preserved in the polished concrete floor. The concrete has been aged, polished and metal letters glued into it and everything finished with an epoxy lacquer polished to a mirror-finish. The ceiling uses milky acrylic glass panels reminiscent of folded newspapers, which conceal the wiring and reduce noise.
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Second floor plan
Site plan
Third floor plan
* The house is named after the renowned newspaper Cross-section
founded during the national awakening by Carl Robert Jakobson. The newspaper has been published since 1878 and still represents the spirit of Viljandimaa. 163
Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Focus Kinnisvara Commission: 2006 Completed: 2009 Size: 12,000 m2
Metro Plaza A modern office building in the heart of Tallinn Viru roundabout is considered to be the central point in Tallinn. This is the point from which distances to other Estonian cities and locations abroad are measured. The roundabout is situated between Tallinn’s medieval Old Town, the historic Rotermann industrial quarter and the modern city centre, and thousands of cars and pedestrians move through it every day. Viru roundabout is the focal point in the centre of Tallinn and it is difficult to imagine a more intriguing location for an office building.
The Viru roundabout in the heart of Tallinn city centre – it is hard to imagine a better site for a modern office building. Every Friday the colourful light show of the facade signals to the yuppies of Tallinn that the working week is over, life is about to begin.
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Beside the roundabout, the office building called Metro Plaza, which was designed by KOKO and completed in 2009, replaced the historic Rotermann department store. The classicist facade, which dates
of Metro Plaza is surrounded by a glass facade featuring a unique technical solution, which, with its rounded corners, tinted glass and asymmetry, softens the impact of the facade in the surrounding
back to the mid-19 th century, was under heritage protection, and therefore, had to be preserved and integrated within the new construction as well as possible. After intense debates between various stakeholders, a decision was made to use a design where the historic facade and new office building are clearly separate.
city space. A colourful installation using modern lights has been integrated into the glass facade, and this enlivens the city during the night hours and makes it possible to organize light shows during the autumn and winter seasons.
Metro Plaza stands behind the two-storey classicist facade, and is a modern and rational office building where commercial and service spaces are located on the lower floors and office spaces with plenty of daylight on the upper floors. The entire new section
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The critics have accused Metro Plaza of facadism and feel that the historic facade of Rotermann’s department store and the new office building do not form an organic whole. In some sense, from an urban construction perspective, they might have a point; nevertheless, it is indisputable that Metro Plaza is a building with a strong unique character.
Recognition: 2009 Tallinn City Government / Prize for architectural and design lighting in the city
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* The centre of Tallinn: Viru roundabout is the place from which all distances are measured. The Neo-Classicist facade is like a reflection of the past, when the building housed a girls’ school. Now the yuppies of Tallinn keep up the spirit of meticulousness.
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Site plan
Ground floor plan
Cross-section
Standard floor plan
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Rotermann City Commission: 2006 Completed: 2009 Size: 2,700 m2
ROTERMANN CARPENTER’S WORKSHOP A captivating office building in a historic industrial quarter The Rotermann quarter is a significant site for new Estonian architecture and urban design. The treasured 19 th century industrial architecture is skilfully fused with new high quality architecture. Although many of the former industrial buildings are still waiting to be restored, one can already enjoy the splendid results of this process. The compact pedestrian quarter hosts shops, restaurants, offices, accommodation facilities and apartments. The reconstruction of the historic carpenter’s workshop, designed by KOKO, is one of the boldest architectural undertakings in the modernising Rotermann quarter. The building faces the central square of the quarter and is one of its most spectacular sights – the three techno-futurist towers make reference to 20 th century industrial architecture and are also visible from outside the quarter.
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The reconstruction and extension of the carpenter’s workshop was inspired by cooling towers that are characteristic of industrial landscapes. Pictured here the Nitrofert factory buildings in Kohtla-Järve.
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View of the construction of the carpenter’s workshop in March 2008.
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The offices located in the tower have views in each direction, in the middle there is a core with a lift, the doors of which open straight into the offices.
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The two lower floors of the old carpenter’s workshop, the limestone volume of the building, house commercial and service facilities. The three new vertical volumes placed on the central axis of the building accommodate compact office spaces. The ‘towers’ were designed in order to avoid harming the historic walls of the building. The reinforced concrete cores placed on localised piles ensure the autonomy of the three volumes. The console ceilings, angular facade elements and windows are all attached to the core and lit up during the night, conveying a sense of modern and self consciously vigorous architecture.
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* The three technofuturist towers refer to the industrial architecture of the beginning of the 20 th century; the towers are visible also from outside the quarter.
The form of the office towers is inspired by cooling towers common to industrial landscapes.
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The reconstruction of the Rotermann carpenter’s workshop – a limestone building under national heritage protection – is a great example of architecture during the economic boom, when private clients had the desire and courage to commission more extravagant architecture. On the other hand, the reconstructed carpenter’s workshop also reflects the desire of the heritage protection institutions to reconsider their approach to historic and modern architecture. The bold decisions made during the reconstruction process seem to have been justified as the project drew the attention of the international architecture scene – the reconstruction of the old Rotermann carpenter’s workshop, following KOKO’s designs, was shortlisted for the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture Mies van der Rohe Award in 2009.
RECOGNITION: 2009 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture / Mies van der Rohe Award / Shortlisted
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Site plan
Ground floor plan
Third floor plan
Cross-section
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Rotermann City Commission: 2007 To be completed: 2016 Size: 5,600 m2
ROTERMANN GRAIN ELEVATOR Office building in a grain elevator with landscapes from Tarkovsky’s “Stalker” The Rotermann quarter is in a historically important location in the heart of Tallinn – between the Old Town, the harbour and Viru Square. The roads to Tartu, Narva and Pärnu already intersected on Viru Square in the 19 th century, making it Tallinn’s official central point. The Rotermann quarter is packed with historical buildings almost as densely as the Old Town. Christian Abraham Rotermann, the owner of the enterprise Rotermann Factories, established in 1829, initiated the development of the compact industrial district. Industry and trade in the quarter has seen both good times and bad. The Soviet years wrecked the buildings and during the uncertain years that followed the buildings became dilapidated so that repairs seemed impossible. In 1979 the decaying district became the set for Andrei Tarkovsky’s world famous movie “Stalker”. The National Heritage Board designated the Rotermann quarter historically valuable in 2001, and so the old industrial buildings that have found a new function should coexist peacefully with high quality contemporary architecture. The historic supervisory building in front of the grain elevator (Rotermanni 2) will be a tourist information centre. The roof of the building will be raised by one metre, thus appearing to hover. The aim is to let natural light enter and make it possible to use the second floor.
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View from Hobujaama Street.
* During the Soviet era the building deteriorated to the point that the renovation was not thought possible. However, these were the ideal conditions for film director Andrey Tarkovsky – it was hard to find a place so thoroughly forsaken as this one. In 1979 Stalker, a masterpiece of world cinema was born here.
View from Ahtri Street
One of the most spectacular buildings in the Rotermann quarter, the grain elevator located on Hobujaama Street, was completed in 1904. The narrow building is over 100 metres long. The longer sides have no windows, but instead the limestone facade of the building is accentuated by metal straps that reinforce the wall. The wall is packed with metal details, like a useful old coat covered in buttons. The straps had the purpose of keeping the grain elevator walls intact even when the grain expanded.
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Site plan
Since the inner street side has openings that have been walled shut at various periods, the ground floor of the building is to house business premises. The interiors of these rooms will preserve the old grain hoppers hanging from the ceilings. An arcade that crosses the middle part of the building on the ground floor will divide the space and create an entrance to the inner street leading towards the centre of the district. Dance studios will be housed on the floor without windows and the attic will have offices with skylights that look out across the district and the Old Town.
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The windowless building is finished using sections of glass facade with views towards the interior of the quarter.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: R6 Arendus Commission: 2014 Size: 12,000 m2
ROTERMANN Bakery Gatehouse of the historic industrial quarter in the heart of Tallinn Rotermann 6 is located in the rapidly developing quarter of Tallinn city centre, the Rotermann quarter originally established in the 19 th century. The plot is surrounded by various old or reconstructed buildings: the Elevator and Control building in Hobujaama Street to the east, a multiplex cinema to the south, the Old and New Flour Storage to the west and the Wheat- and Rye-Mill to the north. The facades of the former office building and bakery are heritage protected and will be reconstructed. The new buildings at Rotermann 6 will be designed as the notional gateway to the Rotermann quarter – while visible along the street it will be one of the most noticeable entries into the quarter. The planned office building will have six floors above and two floors below ground. The architectural design was inspired by the random chaotic character of the industrial landscape. Different proportions, varied rooflines and intermittent materials help to fuse the building into the surrounding industrial environment. The glass facade and its geometric distribution refer to the steel structures that are widely used in the quarter. The dimensions of the building follow the characteristic scale of the quarter supporting the rhythm of the narrow streets. The building is divided into two parts functionally. Retail spaces fill the first two floors; the other four floors offer office space. The retail spaces are flexible in size and shape. Parking is located on the basement floors. The spaces on the perimeter of the building towards the Elevator building open towards an internal street.
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* The fallen industrial glory rises from the ashes like a phoenix. Disorder has a clear role here – industrial landscapes are characterised by coincidences and the chaotic development of the economy.
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Site plan
Cross-section
Ground floor plan
Second floor plan
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Logoner Invited architecture competition: 2009 Size: 42,000 m2
HIGHRISE AT 19/21 MAAKRI STREET An original high-rise in Tallinn City Tallinn city centre has seen rapid changes since the beginning of this century. As it is a heritage protected area the planners of new high-rises have to consider the architectural heritage of the quarter. The design presented by KOKO architects
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questions the somewhat out-dated general plan, values public space and offers new solutions for a smoother movement of people and cars. The design of the 30-storey high-rise takes into consideration the surrounding high-rise buildings. As the neighbouring high-rises are mostly dark discreet serious buildings with glass facades, the new building is designed using light concrete and whitened glass. In order to fit in with the surrounding high-rises, the shape of the new building is kept simple.
* The facade of white stone with round glass openings is a planned counterpoint to the black reflective and arrogant high-rises.
Site plan
View
Ground floor plan
Standard floor plan
The facade creates interaction between the interior of the building and the street space. Vertical ovals reaching through two floors create a rhythm of openings. The elevators and stairs are located in the centre of the building. To bring the courtyard and internal spaces of the quarter to life and extend the time people spend outdoors, the courtyard will be used as an atrium that creates a core for the surrounding buildings. All buildings will open up towards the atrium, which has greenery, a cafe and escalators. The floor of the atrium is covered with paving stones. In front of the building there will be a square covered with stone parquet and small sculptures, hedges and benches.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Solaris Keskus Commission: 2009 Completed: 2010 Surface: 1,000 m2
THE TERRACE OF CAFÉ KOMEET Outdoor lounge with stunning views of Tallinn Old Town from the roof of Solaris shopping centre and cinema/concert hall complex In the second half of the 2000s, the Soviet era building of political education just across from the Estonian National Opera House was demolished and replaced with the Solaris shopping centre and cinema/concert hall complex. Solaris attracts large numbers of visitors and helps to keep the heart of the city centre beating. The permanent exhibition of the Estonian History Museum features Solaris as an example of the changing nature of sacred places through time: a hundred years ago people usually met in church and after the Second World War, in a Communist Party congress building; nowadays it is the shopping centre that brings the people together. The roof of the centre is built into a terrace with stunning views of Tallinn’s city centre including the national opera house ‘Estonia’ just across the street, the rooftops of the Old Town and its many church towers. The terrace is divided into a green lounge area and a restaurant and bar area with sofas and tables. The terrace is surrounded by high glass panels, allowing guests to enjoy the view while protecting them from the wind. The central idea of the architectural design involved soft streamlined shapes. The design tries to avoid creating stern spaces, the transitions between the zones are smooth and a lot of greenery is included. The greenery breaks the space into smaller more secluded and intimate spaces.
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The terrace and the furniture are made of bare Siberian larch and with a few years it has acquired a pleasant grey tone. Here contemporary form meets natural materials, charmingly ageing over time to complement the concept of CafĂŠ Komeet where natural ingredients and pure flavours are preferred. Amongst the greenery one can find herbs that the owner of the cafĂŠ Anni Arro has planted for the kitchen to use. Finding the right plants for roof terraces is a complicated process in Estonia: the winter is long, the soil will freeze through and the wind and rain will create erosion, which reduces the choice of plants that would survive the years considerably. Before the slopes of greenery were installed on the terrace, the architects created an experimental slope on the roof the Fahle building to try out the positioning of the layers of soil, the weight and endurance of the slopes.
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Site plan
Terrace plan
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Rävala Kaheksa Commission: 2012 Size: 70,000 m2 Collaboration: Benoy (London) and Rstudio for architecture (Sweden)
RĂ„VALA GALLERY Light-filled gallery style shopping and business centre in the heart of Tallinn In the heart of Tallinn, in the centre of its business and commercial life, between the historic Old Town, the high rise buildings of the CBD and large shopping centres, stands a rather unattractive city block, a clutter of commercial spaces, houses and offices. The Second World War devastated the block and most of the current buildings are from the 1960s and 1980s. One of the buildings from the Stalinist period has been stripped of its original decoration and the office spaces are no longer compatible with contemporary regulations governing the efficient use of energy and space. The new architectural design covers an area of 1.5 ha and many of the buildings will be restored. In addition to that the design envisions a gallery type shopping centre with an underground parking lot, making the traffic in the area more people friendly. On one side, the roof covered internal street opens to a park not far from the Old Town, and on the other side, to the contemporary city; also, both directions provide great views to the inside of the gallery as well. Visitor traffic is directed to the first floor, while the second and third floors are designated as commercial spaces. In Estonia this design is exceptional as so far there are not many shopping centres higher than two storeys. In addition to shops, the upper floors of the shopping centre accommodate restaurants and cafĂŠs with terraces that look onto the park and the Old Town. The gallery street with its light filled atrium creates new trajectories and destinations both for locals and tourists.
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Cross-section
* On the Old Town side the roofed passageway opens to the park and on the other it opens onto the modern city, offering magnificent views of the interiors of galleries on each side.
Site plan
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Underground floor plan
Ground floor plan
Second floor plan
Third floor plan
Floor plan of the first floor
Floor plan of the fourth floor
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: EBS Campus Commission: 2014 Siize: 39,000 m2
HIGHRISE AT 3 A. LAUTERI STREET 30-storey business and residential building in the heart of Tallinn At 3 A. Lauteri Street stands a building that was completed in 1956. It is part of a Stalinist ensemble of buildings and now houses the oldest business school in the Baltic States – the Estonian Business School. Towards the south-west of this building is a noteworthy example of Stalinist town planning, which extends from the Estonian National Opera Theatre to the Olümpia Hotel and comprises an urban ensemble of well ordered buildings laid out on a grid. Towards the east is Tallinn’s central business district – a developing area of existing high-rise buildings with others under construction. The new building currently being designed will become a striking and attractive landmark that can be seen from all directions. The design was inspired by the lines that emphasise verticality, that are typical of high-rise buildings. The volumes of the buildings, with their differing facades, are positioned off-centre in relation to one another to create a distinctive appearance and a unified whole. The materials used on the facades are as transparent as possible and add a lightness to the building, as well as providing fantastic views from all the windows.
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* The current building is part of a Stalinist urban ensemble that stands out with its grand neo-classicism, the views from the high-rise will have the opposite effect – an apotheosis of a free spirit. Each apartment owner receives a spyglass, as an essential tool for life observations.
The building both physically and functionally is divided into two. The first is a lower five-storey section with a two-storey underground parking area. The ground floor has areas designated for commercial use, the EBS auditorium, and main entranceway to the high-rise section. The roof of the lower section will have a sunny roof garden with a children’s playground. The high-rise part of the building will have apartments on the 6th to 29 th floors. Because this building will be on the edge of the high-rise district of Tallinn, from one side of the building there will be views of Tallinn’s UNESCO protected Old Town, as well as Tallinn Bay. From the other side, the building looks onto the existing and planned high-rise buildings of the Maakri quarter.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Astri Kinnisvara Commission: 2014 Size: 25,000 m2
BALTI STATION MARKET Reconstruction of the characterful historic market between Tallinn’s main station and Kalamaja The Balti Station market is located in north Tallinn between the city’s main railway station and the popular residential district of Kalamaja. The nostalgic market, offering exotic post-soviet experiences especially for tourists, is inviting with its colourful selection of merchandise. In addition to reasonably priced groceries, visitors can find anything from Soviet era vintage clothing, everyday items and toys to used sanitary fittings, tools and plumbing equipment. The second-hand stalls are a goldmine for vintage clothing and music fans. The aim of the design is to create a contemporary and diverse retail and service centre with the market at its core. It is important to save the character of the current market place and complement it in a way that will attract many target groups: train passengers, local residents and tourists.
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The existing limestone facades of the storage buildings from the 1870s will be saved. The planned extensions will support the architecture of the existing buildings by amplifying and expanding it with new roof rhythms. The new buildings will simplify the flow of pedestrians through the market and increase the safety of the whole area. The interior market will be located on two floors within the reconstructed existing buildings. The open market on the northern and eastern part will be partly covered and can be closed for the night. In the evening and night, people can walk along the illuminated terrace on the south and west side with its outdoor restaurants, cafes and children’s playground.
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The whole area should be used by pedestrians and cyclists mainly, so the parking will be located underground. During the daytime there are parking lots for the customers, during the evening and night local residents can use the garage. A rental and charging station for electric cars will be located in the parking area.
* Here the hobo and the banker shake hands... The nostalgic post Ground floor plan
socialist market with its colourful selection of goods draws interested tourists. Can the new appearance maintain the spirit of
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extremes?
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Zelluloosi Kinnisvara Commission: 2014 Size: 20,000 m²
Office building AT 80M Tartu Road A black beehive in the historic quarter of Tallinn’s paper industry The Tselluloos quarter is located between Tallinn city centre and Ülemiste City on the area of the former cellulose and paper factory. Some of the buildings dating from the early twentieth century are valued as characteristic industrial buildings. The general planning of the city designates this area as a mixed business area with high-rises. The long-term aim is to shape the Tselluloos quarter into a multifunctional centre. The building located on the plot of the former wood storage of the paper factory has been designed within the dimensions of the general plan: a narrow 15-storey tower and a wider 4-storey lower section. The architectural sketch presents a solution for an office building as well as a 150-room hotel. The facades have been designed with a characteristic experimental approach typical of such a quarter by combining contemporary architecture with historical factory buildings. Diamond-shaped windows are the main motif. The elements are positioned partly at the height of several floors, but also partly follow the height of typical floors. The sunshades for the windows create a system of protruding spearheads on the facade. The mute section of the facade is planned in two dark shades supporting its volume and the shape of the sunscreens visually.
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The building is divided into three functional sections. The ground floor includes the lobby and retail spaces for cafes, shops and services. With this retail function the quarter will become a more active urban space. The 4-storey lower section of the building will have office spaces, and the 5th to 15th floors in the vertical narrow section have been planned as offices or alternatively as a hotel.
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* The facades of the building display an experimental and characteristic approach that unites the contemporary Ground floor plan
architectural Standard floor plan
language and the historic factory.
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RESIDENTIAL
Kalamaja was first mentioned in 1374 as a suburb of Tallinn. From that time until the late 20 th century, fishermen and workers lived here, and these are in the process of being replaced by hipsters and lawyers in the 21 st century. The apartment building at 33 Vabriku Street is on a street of wooden houses characteristic of Kalamaja, and was built on existing foundations.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Asunik Commission: 2003 Completed: 2005 Size: 800 m2
vabriku street 33 Wooden house in Kalamaja, in keeping with an area of cultural and environmental value Experts consider this wooden house built on an old limestone foundation, located in the popular Kalamaja district to be a great example of adding new architecture to a historic working class area in a delicate, yet fresh way. The dimensions of the building, located on the outer perimeter of Vabriku Street, in a long line of century-old workers’ housing, are modelled according to those of the neighbouring buildings and the historic architecture of the area. The facade is moderately strict and uniform, not trying to stand out. At the same time the design is fresh and simple, presenting itself as an example of contemporary architecture in the surrounding urban environment. There are ten apartments in the house, located around a central hallway both on the first two floors as well as on the highest floor with lofts. The spacious French balconies, which on the top floor are transformed into dormers, provide great lighting. The historic limestone foundation surrounds the basement of the building, which has storage spaces for all the flats. It was a conscious decision by KOKO architects to design a house that would blend seamlessly into its environment. In hindsight, it seems that applying a conservative approach has proved successful – even the most traditionalist heritage protection experts have not made any serious objections. The house was highly praised in the media and was one of the first exciting new development projects in Kalamaja, thus contributing to the increased popularity of the area. Even a decade later, KOKO’s design is still relevant.
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* There are ten apartments in the building around one central staircase on the two main floors and the attic. The music of Led Zeppelin is playing in quite a few of them.
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Recognition: Best new building in an area of cultural and environmental value 2004 (The Cultural Heritage Department of Tallinn)
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Location: Pärnu, Estonia Client: Metsapiiri Maja Commission: 2002 Completed: 2005 Size: 9,900 m2 Sketch design: Lembit Tork
apartments in Pärnu Functionalist apartment building with 162 apartments in Pärnu Pärnu is one of Estonia’s most renowned summer resorts with beautiful sandy beaches and rich entertainment programmes in the summer time. The real estate boom that reached Pärnu at the beginning of the 00s rapidly increased demand for summer apartments. The new apartment buildings on Mai Street added a freshness and elegance to the district of pre-fab concrete buildings built in the Soviet era. The apartment buildings are divided into three similar sections. Each building has two compact main sections: a five-storey section and an eight-storey section with a stairway and a lift in the middle. The apartments on the upper floors overlook the Beach Park and the sea; the lower section of the building is located within an area with private houses that has a special high-value milieu. The buildings predominantly use a white tone, which is a reference to the functionalist building traditions in Pärnu. In addition to the varied window placement, the facade also features balconies and French balconies with brightly coloured glass.
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* The apartments on the upper floors overlook the Beach Park and the sea; the lower section of the building is within an area of private houses that contributes particular value to the local milieu.
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Standard floor plan of the lower section
Standard floor plan of the upper section
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Koger & Partnerid Invited competition: 2004, 1st prize Built: 2007–2011 Size: 35,000 m2
KULDALA RESIDENTIAL AREA 350 apartments in a comprehensively designed green residential area near Tallinn The Kuldala Quarter is located in Tallinn in the vicinity of the airport. The idea behind the design competition held for the quarter was to maintain the birch forest located on the site as much as possible, and therefore, the 27 apartment buildings have been placed around the forest, on the periphery of the plot. There are seven different building types and these are placed in a row randomly forming a U-shaped row of buildings, which is 1,600 metres in length. The section of the building that faces the street is taller, up to four stories high and partitioned using large terraces, and the section of the plot that faces the park resembles terraced houses and is up to two stories high. The spacious inner courtyards formed between the buildings include plants, playgrounds, benches and gallery staircases, which lead to the apartment buildings facing the street. Pathways that run between the buildings lead away into the birch forest and along sidewalks and light traffic roads in the middle of the quarter. The compact buildings create a diverse living environment with city-like density, but also provide private courtyards and terraces around the central park. The flexible open-plan apartments allow families to arrange their rooms according to their preference for a particular aspect or view. Parking is partly organized under the buildings, close to the storage rooms. The buildings are built from reinforced concrete elements and range between various tones of red.
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* The compact buildings create a diverse living environment with city-like density, but also provide private courtyards and terraces around the central park.
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Location: Kuressaare, Estonia Client: Hea 5 Commission: 2005 Completed: 2008 Size: 3200 m2
GOSPA RESIDENcies Holiday apartments connected to the spa hotel in Kuressaare Between the sea and the Georg Ots Spa Hotel in Kuressaare there are five two-storey apartment buildings, each building with six spacious holiday apartments. The styling and form of the houses are compatible with the spa hotel, creating a cohesive ensemble. The residences that can all be rented through the spa hotel offer vacationers a chance to have a private holiday inside the city, using the comforts of the spa hotel. Tennis courts and the Kuressaare yacht harbour are located directly adjacent to the residences. All apartments have strategic views and sun terraces. Floor to ceiling windows open towards the sea, the Kuressaare Episcopal castle and the harbour. The exterior uses pigmented concrete and natural larch siding. The first floor apartments are accessible from the terraces. On completion, the spacious apartments with their minimalist interiors were perceived as new and luxurious in the context of the previous rental spaces available in Kuressaare.
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* Band members: the finishing and form of the buildings harmonize with the spa hotel to form an ensemble. It is impossible to tell where the drummer is.
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Location: Tallinn Client: NCC Ehitus Invited competition: 2005, 1st prize Completion: 2008 (Phase I) Size: planned 190,000 m2/ completed 17.500 m2
RABAKÜLA RESIDENTIAL AREA 1,500 apartments in the popular Tallinn residential area of Mustamäe Mustamäe is a popular residential area not far from central Tallinn. The first apartment buildings were built in the pine forests of Mustamäe at the beginning of the 1960s. A lot of natural greenery and parks have been preserved between the buildings; new parks have also been established. More than 66,000 people were living in Mustamäe in December 2014. Rabaküla residential area is located on a 20-hectare area that was used as a state market garden during the soviet era adjacent to the apartment buildings of Mustamäe. Primarily cucumbers, tomatoes, spring onions and flowers were grown in the large greenhouses. At the beginning of the 1990s, the infamous Kadaka market functioned here. The north-south rhythmic grid of the former greenhouses is still visible, even though most of the greenhouses have been demolished. This strict structure has inspired the identity of the new residential area. The new buildings will rewrite the existing network without erasing it.
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There are eight different apartment building designs. By combining the designs and settings, a varied and diverse space is created between the buildings. The distance between the buildings varies from 8 to 40 metres, and the height of the buildings from 3 to 8 floors. The placement of the buildings tries to minimize cross-views into the other apartments: the apartments in the higher buildings look over the lower ones and buildings with close proximity have been designed as gallery houses, where the windows open in opposite directions. Concrete, timber, plaster, brick or tin have been used on the exteriors.
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* Mustam채e used to be the epitome of socialist housing in the 1970s. It took more than 30 years to make it into a desirable living environment.
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Car parks are located on the ground floor and below the buildings so that the space between remains car free even at the ground floor parking level. The parking between the buildings is below ground, with wooden patios and benches for adults and playgrounds with sandpits for the children on top. One playground has been planned for each building.
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Location: Dale, Sandnes, Norway Client: Dale Eiendomsutvikling Commission: 2011 Size: 31,000 m2 Original architect of the main building: Sigurd Lunde
DALE 66+159 apartments for the face-lifted Dale main building and surroundings Stavanger and Sandnes in Western Norway are growing together as twin cities, boosted by the fast growing oil industry in the area. Dale valley is located between the two cities on the other side of Grandsfjord. The settlement of the valley dates back to the Viking era. In 1912, a closed hospital complex was built in the Dale valley, which operated until 1980. Recently, the building has been used as a centre for asylum seekers and war refugees. Now the Rogaland general plan proposes a district of 2,000 dwellings for 7,000 people in the Dale valley. In addition to apartment buildings, also a school, kindergartens, service facilities and retail spaces are planned. The time frame for the completion of the development is estimated at 30 years. The main building of Dale hospital was built in 1911–1913 according to plans by Norwegian architect Sigur Lunde. The imposing building, reminiscent of Alpine hotels, overlooks the sea; in front of the main facade is a pretty park with an old orchard. The building with its symmetrical layout was decorated with corner towers and overhangs, and characterized by windows that follow a classical rhythm. In the 1960s, the hospital went through a major conversion, and the original art deco elements were removed from the facade. The building became more functional but from today’s perspective sadly also a rather characterless colossus. The first phase of the reconstruction project for Dale consists of two stages: the reconstruction of the former hospital’s main building and its conversion into an apartment building and the construction of new apartment buildings and terrace houses within the same ensemble.
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View of Dale Valley and the main building across Gandsfjord; Dalsnuten Mountain on the right.
Photograph and plan of the main building in the early 20 th century with art nouveau embellishments (above), and after the 1960 reconstruction with the functionally simplified facade (below).
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The eastern side of the main building with balconies overlooking the Dale Valley and Dalsnuten Mountain.
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View of the main building with night facade lighting.
The focus of the project is the renovation of the main building to create a symbiosis of historical and contemporary architecture. The towers on the seafront facade of the building, the art deco elements and windowpanes will be restored according to old drawings and photographs. Because it was built as a hospital, the internal structure of the building opens as a system of wards from the central hallway. This is not suitable for an apartment building, and therefore, it is planned to save only the main facade and the walls of the corner towers and build a new bearing construction that almost doubles the depth of the building. A restaurant, gallery and hiking equipment shop will be opened on the ground floor. Sixty-six new apartments will be planned so that both morning and afternoon light reaches all apartments. All living rooms overlook the park and the fjord; the bedrooms face the mountains. Starting from the third floor, the apartments will have roof terraces: the floors behind the roof recede stepwise creating balconies. The shape of the roof will be maintained as an imaginary notation in the form of a geometric metal lattice.
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Site plan
An aerial view of the plan of the main Dale building and the new buildings.
The facade of the building will have a comprehensive lighting design that floods the building in the evening to make it visible even for passers-by on the other side of the fjord. The design of the reconstruction is rather unusual in the Stavanger region but has been approved by the heritage authorities. New buildings with 159 apartments will surround the main building. These will include apartment buildings, terrace houses and detached houses, all built using prefabricated modules. The dwellings with large windows and panoramic views will be located away from the main building offering sea views even for those on the furthest hill-side.
The planned foyer and staircase in the main building.
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View of the main building
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Third floor plan
* The reconstruction reinstates the art deco aesthetics of the facade and creates a harmonious coexistence with the Cross-section
A bedroom in a standard apartment in the main building.
modern extension.
An open-plan kitchen and living room in a standard apartment in the main building.
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Ground floor plan – apartment building
First floor plan – apartment building
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First floor plan – private house
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First floor plan – terraced house
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PRIVATE RESIDENCES
Location: Lohusalu, Estonia Client: private Commission: 2002 Completed: 2003 Size: 200 m2
SUMMER HOUSE IN LOHUSALU Summer house for a young family in the middle of a pine forest The summer house designed for a young family is located on the Lohusalu peninsula, in the middle of a pine forest on the shore of the Baltic Sea, and is surrounded by dispersed summer houses from the Soviet era. The old summer houses are notably smaller, as the size of the lots designated for summer houses was strictly regulated during the Soviet period. This two-storey house is made up of two blocks, connected by a glass-covered gallery. One side of the house was designed to be the living quarters for the family and the other for guests and the sauna. This division made it possible to create a less imposing structure in the middle of the forest. The building rests on a wooden structure and the finishing of the exterior features waterproof plywood on the facade. On completion, the plywood was bright orange, however, over time the colour has changed and at the moment it almost matches the greyish tone of the pine bark. The entrance to the house leads through the glass gallery, into a light filled living room and open kitchen. There is also a sauna on the same floor and an office space on the first floor.
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The two bedrooms and the bathroom are in the other more private section of the house. There is a terrace on the roof of the ground floor that connects the rooms on the first floor. The design also takes the rhythm of summer living and the closeness of the forest into account, so all of the rooms of the house have their own exit. The windows of the house almost reach from floor to ceiling and the views of the pine forest seem like elements of interior design, like large paintings. The initial design also attempted to conceptualise the landscape of the forest as an extension of the building.
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* Getting rid of small cages: while size limits were set on summer cottages during the Soviet era and violators were threatened with punishment, then the spirit of the era of freedom can fly in a more limitless space.
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Recognition: Architecture competition Best wooden building in Estonia 1998-2003, Plywood Prize (the Estonian Forest and Wood Industries Association & the Union of Estonian Architects) Estonian exposition at the 12 th Architecture Biennale Venice 2011 100 houses
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The facade of the building is covered with water-resistant plywood the tone of which has changed over time and blended in with the forest. The aging of the material looks good and keeps getting better.
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The bare facade from Siberian larch changes little by little as if settling, becoming more picturesque, taking on the coloratura of a bees nest. Only the wood under the eaves maintains its original reddish tone.
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Location: Kuressaare, Estonia Client: Private Commission: 2004 Completed: 2006 Size: 250 m2
VILLA IN KURESSAARE I A private suburban house with sea views The property is located in a residential area in a Kuressaare suburb and lies adjacent to a seaside green area. The architectural design for the house was driven by the desire to make the most of the seaside view. The relevant rooms in the house, which is divided into three sections, and also the terraces on both floors, are directed towards the sea in the southwest. The windows that run from floor to ceiling catch the afternoon and evening sun and the small garden by the front entrance catches the morning sun. A sauna and fitness room are located in one of the wings, an office and a garage in the other. A kitchen, spacious living room and a bedroom are located in the middle section of the house. The living room and sauna sitting room have exits that lead to the wooden terrace located on the south side, where an outside staircase leads to the roof terrace with an entrance to the first floor bedroom. The small first floor has two bedrooms with a small bathroom. The house is a stone house with a timber infill. The inserted ceiling and the roof have been built from concrete. Narrow horizontal planking from stained larch is mainly used to clad the exterior.
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The parents’ house and the son’s house have been built on neighbouring properties expressing the values of both generations.
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* House open to the sun. The solar cycle is about 11 years long. It has been found that during this time the solar irradiance from solar maximum to solar minimum varies about 0.1%.
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Location: Kuressaare, Estonia Client: Private Commission: 2004 Completed: 2006 Size: 250 m2
VILLA IN KURESSAARE II A private house inspired by the Mobius strip The architectural form of the house, which is located in a suburb in Kuressaare just a few hundred metres from the sea, is inspired by ribbon folding – a simple technique, which creates opportunities for manipulating the space. By adding the spatial programme received from the client, the folding is transformed from playing with form into a coherent technique. The interior of the house with its angular surfaces is open and fluid.
A Mobius strip is a surface that only has one side and one edge. August Ferdinand Mobius and Johann Benedict Listing discovered it independently of each other in 1858. It is easy to create with a strip of paper by turning one end by 180° and sticking the ends together.
The house has two storeys. The open living spaces – living room, kitchen and staircase hall – are located on the ground floor. Necessary auxiliary rooms surround the living spaces. A sauna, which is connected to the living room, forms a separate area. By opening the sliding doors, the sauna, living room, joint terrace and garden create a great space for leisure time. A calm and quiet bedroom area is located on the first floor. The house has rooftop terraces and part of the roof is covered with greenery offering spectacular views of the sea and the beach area with its junipers. The house has been built from monolithic concrete. The concrete strip, which has been folded in a zigzag, forms a shape that was inspired by the Mobius strip; glass and wood fill the empty spaces between the strip.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Koger & Partnerid Commissioned: 2006 Completed: 2008 Size: 250 m2
LOFT 44 IN THE FAHLE HOUSE Lower floor plan
Upper floor plan
A luxurious loft in a renovated paper factory One of the largest apartments in the Fahle house is located in the former paper drying plant of the paper factory. The original space, which is higher than seven metres, has been divided into two floors. The windows on the end wall of the building deliver light through the entire apartment and the bathroom has a panoramic view of Tallinn’s Old Town. Part of the spacious living room runs through two floors emphasizing the scale of the windows in this historic factory, which tower from floor to ceiling and create the feeling of a Manhattan loft. Loose plaster has been forcefully yet sensitively removed from the walls displaying massive limestone blocks. The interior of the apartment combines the robust factory with its characteristic powerful bolted iron beams and modern minimalist design with clinical stainless steel kitchen surfaces and bright-coloured soft furnishings. There are two bedrooms with a separate bathroom and library corner on the upper floor of the apartment.
* A luxurious hide-away in the drying workshop of the paper factory. How would a former worker feel about this?
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Location: Rohuneeme, Estonia Client: Private Commission: 2004 Completed: 2008 Size: 300 m2
VILLA IN ROHUNEEME II Seaside private house near Tallinn that blends with its natural surroundings Rohuneeme village is located on the northern coast of Estonia about 15 km from Tallinn city centre. The village, which is named after the green cape (neem) that juts out into the sea, was first mentioned in 1375. The two-storey timber frame house with flat roof has been placed in the natural surroundings in order to preserve the existing landscape as much
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as possible. The goal of the architectural solution was to open the building up to the sunlight and seaside views as much as possible. Large windows and a smaller first floor with spacious roof terraces help achieve that goal. The house is characterised by a functionally clear and logical floor plan and simple form. The kitchen, living room, sitting room with fireplace, sauna complex and pool, garage and other auxiliary rooms are situated on the ground floor, and the library and bedrooms with bathrooms are situated on the first floor. The exterior finish uses bright white glass and wood panelling that has been painted black.
Rohuneeme village, which has been named after the green cape (neem) that juts out into the sea, was first mentioned in 1375. It is no coincidence that the legendary Estonian president Lennart Meri chose to live in this geographical point with its symbolic value.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Private Commission: 2006 Completed: 2009 Size: 600 m2
VILLA IN MERIRAHU Private house in the forest by the sea at Rocca al Mare Merirahu residential area is located 8 km from Tallinn city centre in the open forest at Rocca al Mare. The area is walking distance from the open-air museum, Tallinn zoo, Rocca al Mare school, Saku Suurhall concert hall and sports venue and Tallinn’s largest shopping centre. The clean right-angled house has been divided into three blocks. The horizontal volumes are divided into smaller sections with the help of a succession of walls that in turn have been divided vertically by intervening windows and walls. The verticality of the building has been inspired by the surrounding open forest. The house becomes an integral part of the landscape and to emphasize this the ground level between each section has been raised with the help of cascading flower beds that reach up to the level of the first floor. This also adds the dimension of time – thanks to the plants the appearance of the house changes with the passing years and the changing seasons.
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* The house becomes an integral part of the landscape. To emphasize this, the ground level between the sections of the house has been raised with the help of cascading flower beds that reach up to the level of the first floor.
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The house is functionally divided into three sections that are connected by a long staircase corridor. The utility section of the house is on the ground floor where the garage, utility room, storage room and wardrobe are located. This is followed by the living room and kitchen separated by a corridor. The living room runs partly through two floors. The sauna is located in the third section of the house. There is a library and a roof terrace on the first floor directly above the utility section of the house. There are two bedrooms with bathrooms and a wardrobe above the middle section, and two bedrooms and a bathroom above the sauna section. The support structure for the house is monolithic reinforced concrete. Three types of material have been used for the facade: monolithic concrete, which imitates wooden panels, glass and darktoned roof shingles. The windows run from floor to ceiling where part of the ceiling is also glass to increase the amount of daylight that can reach inside. The texture of the roof shingle harmonizes with the surrounding trees.
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MASTER PLANS
Location: Tartu, Estonia Client: Tartu City Government Open architecture competition: 2004, honourable mention Size: 70,000 m2
MÕISAVAHE QUARTER Competition entry for a building plan for the Mõisavahe Quarter in Tartu Mõisavahe is a natural green zone next to the Annelinn residential area in Tartu. Annelinn is located a bit further away from the city centre, on the left side of the Emajõgi River, and the apartment buildings in the area were mainly built in the 1970s. In 2004, Tartu organized a competition for the Mõisavahe Quarter building plan with the goal of turning the empty quarter into a residential area. The main development principals for the buildings, landscaping, parking and utility networks had to be described. In the design for the competition, the buildings were located together forming small islands so the natural environment would be preserved between and around the buildings as much as possible. It stands in contrast to the layout of the neighbouring Soviet pre-fab buildings, which are centred around internal courtyards.
Site plan. In our vision, the buildings are located as small islands surrounded by nature. This structure opposes the traditional soviet building style where the apartment blocks were concentrated around a courtyard.
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General plans for grouping the buildings
* An area of Soviet apartment blocks: Annelinn is made up of residential blocks of 5-storeys and higher built since 1970. Charles Édouard Jeanneret alias Le Corbusier would probably turn in his grave if he could see this metamorphosis of his idea of “industrial building”. Anne residential district in the 1970s, Tartu.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Koger & Partnerid Design: 2006 Size: 125,000 m2
HIPPODROME QUARTER Housing plan for the Tallinn hippodrome quarter The Tallinn hippodrome was established in north Tallinn in 1923 at a distance of 1,400 m from the seashore as the bird flies and a few kilometres from the city centre. The racetrack is the regular 1,000 m. Every weekend races are held at the track and a betting shop is also open.
Horse race at Tallinn hippodrome, 1926.
The owner of the hippodrome has expressed interest in moving the enterprise out of Tallinn and using the area as a versatile living and business area. Many competitions have been held in recent years to find a planning solution for the area, but the final choice is still open.
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The plan proposed to the owner by the area developers in 2006 retains the characteristic geometry of the hippodrome: the buildings converge inside and around the racetrack. The multifunctional living and business district has terraced houses and town houses in various spatial solutions.
* Farewell horses! The owner of the Hippodrome, built in north Tallinn in 1923 wants to relocate the horse racing. Site plan
A varied residential and business district will take the place of the hippodrome. 279
Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: State Real Estate Ltd Open architecture competition: 2007, honourable mention Size: 70,000 m2
PATAREI QUARTER Competition plan for the area around the Patarei prison and Seaplane Harbour Riigi Kinnisvara AS held a competition for the spatial planning of the area of the former Patarei prison and seaplane harbour in Tallinn in 2007. The area in question lies right next to Tallinn city centre and is one of the most important junctions in the city layout. The area is dominated by many spectacular buildings – the seaplane hangars that form part of the Maritime Museum and the Patarei defence barracks.
Site plan
The building of the Patarei coastal fortress on a territory of 4 ha was commenced by order of the Russian Tsar Nikolai I in 1828. After completion in 1840, it functioned as an artillery battery. The Crimean War, which started in Europe and Asia in 1853, also reached the Baltic Sea and made it clear that all of the Russian coastal forts on the Finnish Gulf were hopelessly out-dated: the large barracks were easily overrun by landing operations. The defence barracks were made into regular barracks and the embrasures built into windows in 1862. World War I left the barracks fairly untouched without any noticeable traces, but in the meantime a great deficiency in prisons had arisen in Tallinn, and so a detention institution was established there in 1920, and by the end of the year the buildings had been converted into the central prison. The central prison continued to operate there until 2002. Since 2007, a culture park has been open there and guided tours offered. The quest to enliven the historical Patarei buildings continues.
Perspective views
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Existing and new buildings OLEMASOLEV JA UUS HOONESTUS
Parking PARKIMINE
Pedestrians JALAKĂ„IJAD
Greenery HALJASTUS
Views VAATESUUNAD
Sections
The aim of the competition entry was to create an attractive urban space and tie it logistically with the present city structure, to preserve the important views of architectural monuments and the sea, to create a new housing plan that suits the urban space and connects with existing dominant buildings. The recurring idea was to make the seaside area a contemporary environment that is welcoming and multifunctional with a seaside promenade, town squares, museums, cafes, office premises and apartment buildings.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Phoenix Land AS Commission: 2006 Size: 100,000 m2
NORTH-TALLINN CENTRAL AREA Reviving a cotton factory in north Tallinn The textiles industry was the most important industry in Estonia up until the First World War. In the second half of the 19th century, the Kreenholm Factory in Narva was the leading cotton manufacturer. Before the turn of the century, the cotton industry was doing so well that a large modern cotton spinning and weaving factory was built in Tallinn on the road to the Kopli peninsula in 1898. The buildings were erected on an empty area of forest and wetlands.
Site plan
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In addition to the gigantic main building, a number of wooden living quarters were built on Sitsi Street in the first years of the 20th century. In 1913, an Art Nouveau style schoolhouse was added to the ensemble. A small Orthodox Church that is operating to this day was also built in 1915. All this together forms the historically valuable Sitsi urban settlement. The 250-metre long main building of the factory was built using red brick and presumably all the larger
The main building after the bombing of Tallinn by the Soviet Air Force in 1943.
The main building after production had ceased in 2006.
brick factories around Tallinn were producing bricks just for this project. Almost 2,000 people worked at the factory before the First World War producing 20 million metres of cotton fabric annually. The factory was destroyed in the Second World War only to be rebuilt afterwards. In 1965, more than 3,000 workers produced more than 50 million metres of cotton fabric and 45.5 million spools of cotton thread. The successor of the historic factory, Baltex 2000 ceased production in 2006 when price-sensitive textile production moved to Asia.
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View of the main building
First floor plan of the main building
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Cross-section 1 of the main building
Cross-section 2 of the main building
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View of the boiler house
Fourth floor plan of the boiler house
The abandoned old factory building is an industrial heritage site destined to be reconstructed as an apartment building with service and retail spaces on the ground floor and spacious loft-style apartments with high ceilings on the upper floors. The extensions from the Soviet era will be demolished to place the stately and powerful form of the old building in focus. The old boiler house at the side of the main square belongs to the same ensemble, so this will be reconstructed with a striking roof extension. To create a new ensemble, a 210-metre residential high-rise will be built next to the long low factory building according to the thematic planning of Tallinn’s high-rises. This will become one of Tallinn’s landmarks when approaching the city from Helsinki across the Gulf of Finland without interfering with the trademark skyline of the Old Town. In addition to the reconstruction of the factory buildings, apartment houses have also been planned on the old factory area. A green area along the former railway track will connect the whole quarter to the city centre.
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Standard apartment plan
* Apartments with 5 metre high ceilings are planned for this former industrial building dating from 1898. They embody the style of the era; the views in combination with good wine inspire professionals from all walks of life.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: State Real Estate Ltd Invited architecture competition: 2008, 1st prize Size: 70,000 m2
MAGASINI QUARTER
ATA '98
Section
Plans for designing an open urban space on the territory of Tallinn Prison The planned area is located near Tallinn city centre, on the current territory of Tallinn Prison. The prison will be relocated outside the city and a residential area is planned to replace it. A quality residential quarter with a special milieu is situated on the northern border of the quarter, an arterial road (Lõunaväil) on the southern border, a cemetery on the eastern and private houses on the western border.
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The plan for the area values the connection between new buildings and the surrounding city, and the space between the buildings is emphasized. Trees, easily accessible recreation areas, good connections with the city centre, quietness and privacy all ensure a high quality living environment.
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The apartment buildings in the design mainly have three floors with an added lower ground floor. The area below each apartment building is between 300–400 m2. The buildings are articulated so that a sufficient number of terraces and balconies could be created each of a decent size. The commercial and office buildings along Lõunaväil road have been heavily articulated to create enough rooms with daylight. The commercial buildings have been placed quite tightly together to create an additional noise barrier for the apartment buildings. The commercial and residential buildings are connected by parking, which partly runs below ground and the roofs of which are covered with plants. In addition to the open green areas – the central promenade and raised ground along Lõunaväil road – semi-private gardens have been created between the apartment buildings and the street as well as private courtyards between the apartment buildings.
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A green residential area will be planned in the part closest to the heritage-protected quarter. A structured complex of office buildings will be erected next to the South Passage (L천unav채il).
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Location: Reivheim, Stavanger, Norway Client: Boreal Transport Norge Commission: 2012 Size: 90,000 m2
REVHEIM BUS DEPOT A plan for an underground bus depot in Stavanger Madla-Revheim on the outskirts of Stavanger is to be made into a futuristic city district. The land that had been mostly used for farming covers 76 ha. Stavanger Kommune conducted a high level architectural competition in 2013 to obtain the best planning ideas for building a future proof and energy efficient city, where all services can be accessed within a 10 minute walk. The plan is to build 200,000m2 of office space and 4,000 homes in the entire city over the next 20 years.
Site plan
Boreal provides bus transport services in the Stavanger region with more than 200 buses. Considering the value of the land, soon it will be impossible to have an above ground depot in Revheim. The task for KOKO architects is to provide solutions for building a bus depot below street level, so that both office buildings and homes can be located above the depot. In addition to parking space for the buses, the depot will also include a repair workshop, washing facility, warehouse for dangerous substances, gas station and the like. The collaboration between the architects, the bus company and the city has been considering the three largest solutions and the variations on them. One option is to build the bus depot under the lot owned by Boreal, another sees it under a neighbouring school stadium, and the third to build it altogether beside a major road that crosses the area. Each solution has its advantages and limitations. For example, a depot built under the stadium would produce surplus energy that could provide year-round heating and green grass for the stadium. Building the depot away from the stadium will pose construction limitations on the living or business quarters built over the bus depot. Testing each version, and the resulting analysis and considerations are on-going and developing.
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One impression of the planned transportation building
Three plans for the location of the bus depot at the Revheim site and the logistical solutions
Going underground. KOKO architects were asked for solutions for the bus depot below street level so that office and residential buildings could be located above.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Port of Tallinn Invited architecture competition: 2013 Size: 65,000 m2
THE NEW HARBOUR QUARTER Competition entry for the urban planning of Tallinn’s new harbour quarter Situation plan
The little used area between the passenger terminal of the harbour and the city centre is to be made into an active zone that cherishes the location – an area with shops, hotels, offices and living spaces. From an urban planning point of view, the area is located at the intersection of many spatially influential areas. The historic Lootsi quarter is located to the west, the harbour to the north and a residential area to the east. A promenade that connects the Pirita and Kalamaja districts crosses the quarter.
Did the Danish warriors land in this quarter during the Middle Ages? Is this where the Danish flag fell from the sky? Possibly. Tallinn as a good harbour was already known in the 10th century. The first accounts of seafarers date from the 7th century BC.
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Site plan
The historic buildings that are to be partially preserved, or more specifically – their old limestone facades and the “footprints” of the former warehouses – will shape the structure of the area. A hotel is planned for the harbour side and a ground level department store and parking area to the south. New residential buildings are planned in the east corner that will house businesses and offices on their ground floors. A promenade designed in scale for the pedestrians will cross the residential area and lead to the square between the Lootsi quarter and the harbour building. The north corner of the area is to house a parking lot together with an office building.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Zelluloosi Kinnisvara Commission: 2014 Size: 70,000 m²
CONCEPT FOR THE TSELLULOOS QUARTER
Situation plan
New life in a former industrial quarter The first paper mill, which was established near Tallinn in 1662 on the Härjapea River as it flowed out of Lake Ülemiste, operated until 1710. In the 18th century, the paper mill was not in continuous use. W.Fr. v. Wistinghausen purchased the old building, which had been used as a milling workshop, in 1824, and started to rebuild it as a factory. This process stalled, however, and the owners changed and the buildings fell into decay.
Historical view
The current buildings date from the beginning of the 20th century. The first paper factory was built 1908–1910 according to plans by Otto Schott – a long two-storey building with limestone walls supported on steel pillars, a concrete ceiling and an Art Deco facade. Originally the building had an interior street. In 1911–1913, an Art Deco fire station, a carpentry workshop, gatehouse, wall and another paper factory were added to the ensemble. In 1914–15, a presentable main office building was erected with the end facade facing Tartu Road. In 1926, the new cellulose factory (current Fahle House) with six boilers was built according to plans by Erich Jacoby. Together with the Waldhof subsidiary in Pärnu, the Tallinn paper factory provided more than 70% of Russia’s cellulose production prior to the First World War.
Aerial photo of current situation
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The buildings of the cellulose and paper factory were damaged during the Second World War. The reconstructions, extensions and additions have changed the original ensemble. The Tallinn Cellulose and Paper factory operated until it went bankrupt in 1992. Today, only a small part of the quarter has been reconstructed according to contemporary needs. Some of the less valuable buildings have been dismantled, but many are still waiting to be restored. A lot of the old industrial equipment has been scrapped. The unattended parts of buildings continue to decay. Some deep and high rooms in the former industrial buildings are used as entertainment facilities. The factories that were once built on the outskirts of Tallinn are now located in the town just a few kilometres from the heart of the city. The client wishes to design the Tselluloos quarter as a multifunctional centre between Ülemiste City and Tallinn’s town centre. The concept offers an architectural expression to satisfy this aim. The solution considers the necessary functions of the entire environment. The concept anticipates the opening of historic facades, the restoration of their original form and the demolition of the less valuable parts of buildings. The historic street from Tartu Road to the boiler house will be opened to structure the volumes of building complexes and to provide natural light for the interiors. The preserved buildings will be used as service and retail spaces. The businesses on the ground and first floors adjacent to street level will create an active street front. Four plans for different extensions
* The buildings of the Tselluloos quarter dating from the Tsarist era highlight examples of early industrial architecture; the soviet era added random slum-like
The concept offers six possible large solutions. The resulting urban space is dense as is characteristic of such a centre. Guiding vehicular traffic to the perimeter of the quarter promotes a green solution and people-friendly access. There will be apartments, offices and a hotel in the new buildings. Due to the natural slope, the higher floors offer views of the harbour, city and Lake Ülemiste. The model for reviving the quarter is similar to that of Fahle House – effective new extensions should create revenue to cover the cost of the restoration of the old buildings.
extensions. The aim is to recover the valuable buildings and amplify them using new architecture.
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Location: Tallinn, Estonia Client: Harju Tervis Commission: 2014 Size: 260,000 m2
CONCEPT FOR THE KRULL MACHINE FACTORY A coherent urban environment between the Kalamaja and Pelgulinn districts of Tallinn The planned area is walking distance away from the city centre running along the western border of the popular Kalamaja district with its valuable milieu and along Kopli Street, which is one of the busiest roads on the Kopli peninsula. The urban landscape surrounding the former Franz Krull machine factory is diverse. The Volta Street side, which lies towards the city, is lined with two and three storey apartment buildings built in the late-19th and early-20th century. The other side of Volta Street, which lies towards the planned area, is bordered by various industrial buildings as far as Tööstuse Street. Kopli freight station is situated southeast of the planned area. The general design provides a light traffic road above the territory of the freight station, which creates a connection between Kalamaja and Pelgulinn. An area with mixed-use examples of industrial architecture built from silicate blocks and metal, residential houses under heritage protection that were built for the re-enlisted conscripts who were part of Peter the Great’s naval fortress garrison, and the Arsenal factory building lay northeast and north of the planned area. The historic inner street of the machine factory has been converted into Krull’s linear park with only pedestrian access. Vehicular traffic has been moved to the periphery of the quarter on existing and proposed streets. The new buildings follow the historic street front and the historic facades with their timeless nature, which are to be preserved to create the identity of the new quarter.
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Existing and new buildings
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* The Franz Krull factory rolled out steel foundry products, steam boilers, and equipment for electricity plants, agricultural machinery and locomotives. The new plan is just as varied.
A business centre with stores and recreational space has been designed on the corner of Kopli Street and the Kilometre of Culture. The motif of the proposed linear park connects the green areas of the new smaller quarters into one straight green line. The assembly plant at the Franz Krull machine factory, which has been most authentically preserved, is situated in a prominent location beside the linear park and a central club building has also been designed there. Commercial and service companies on the ground floors by the central main street form an active street front.
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Recognition 2014 International real estate competition MIPIM Awards / Best refurbished development / shortlisted as finalist / Seaplane Harbour 2014 European Museum Forum / European Museum of the Year Award / Special Commendation / Seaplane Harbour 2013 EU Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Awards 2013 / Conservation / Grand Prix / Seaplane Harbour 2013 DOMUS International award for restoration and preservation / Ex Aequo Silver Medal / Seaplane Harbour 2013 Interior Design Association (IIDA) Global Excellence Awards / Category: cultural, institutional, educational / Best of Category winner / Interior Architecture of the Seaplane Harbour 2013 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture / Mies van der Rohe Award / Nominee / Seaplane Harbour 2012 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize / Reconstruction of Seaplane Harbour hangars and Tallinn TV Tower 2012 Swedish Business Awards / Estonia / Environmental Award / Seawater heating system for Seaplane Harbour 2012 Tallinn Culture and Heritage Department / Honourable mention / Seaplane Harbour
2012 Association of Real Estate Companies of Estonia / Real Estate Guru 2012 2012 Estonian Design Awards / Product Design Award BRUNO / Best Design Project / Seaplane Harbour 2012 Estonian Design Awards / Best Design Team / Seaplane Harbour / KOKO architects & Produktsioonigrupp 2012 Estonian Design Awards / Graphic Design / Environmental Design / bronze / Seaplane hangar floor / KOKO architects & Produktsioonigrupp 2012 World Architecture Festival / Old and new & Display / Shortlisted / Seaplane Harbour 2012 Estonian Association of Architectural and Consulting Engineering Companies / Construction Project of the Year / Seaplane Harbour 2012 Estonian Concrete Association / Concrete Building of the Year / Seaplane Harbour 2009 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture / Mies van der Rohe Award / Shortlisted / Rotermann carpenter’s workshop 2009 EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture / Mies van der Rohe Award / Nominee / Tallinn Synagogue 2009 Tallinn City Government / Prize for architectural and design lighting in the city / Metro Plaza
2008 Wienerberger Brick Award / Nomination for best international brick building / Tallinn Synagogue 2007 London Design Museum / Design of the Year / Category: architecture / Shortlisted as finalist / Fahle House 2007 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize for Architecture / Architecture and Interior Architecture / Tallinn Synagogue 2006 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize for Architecture / Fahle House 2004 Estonian Society of Interior Architects / Annual Prize / Public Interior of the Year / Georg Ots Spa Hotel 2004 City Government of Kuressaare / Best new building / Georg Ots Spa Hotel 2003 Estonian Forest and Wood Industries Association and Union of Estonian Architects / Best Wooden Building 1997-2003 / Special prize for the use of plywood / summer house in Lohusalu 2000 Government of Estonia / Cultural Prize of the Republic of Estonia / Estonian pavilion at the Hanover World Exposition EXPO 2000 2000 Cultural Endowment of Estonia / Annual Prize for Architecture / Estonian pavilion at the Hanover World Exposition EXPO 2000
Presenting the European Union and Europa Nostra cultural heritage Grand Prix at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus (opened AD 161) in the Akropolis, Athens, Greece, 2013.
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KOKO architects team 2014
Liis Lindvere
Olga Batuhtina
Interior Architect
Jaanus Männik
Project Manager
Kadri Kaldam
Interior Architect
Maigi Koplimets
Head of Office
Liis Uustal
Technical Assistant
Sten-Mark Mändmaa
Project Manager / Architect
Tatiana Päss
Illustrator
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helen küppas
Architect / Yoga Teacher
Office Assistant
Kristo Rämson
BIM modeller
raivo kotov
Partner
Üla Koppel
Landscape Architect
Raili Paling
Interior Architect
indrek mikk
Architect
Jelena Altmäe
Technical Assistant
Andrus Kõresaar
Partner
lea laidra
Technical Assistant
Elo Aun
International Relations
Martin Tago
Architect
Katrin Musta
Accounting
Kärt Loopalu
Interior Architect
martin lazarev
Graphic Designer / Illustrator
Former employees Hannes Praks Kätlin Ölluk Lembit-Kaur Stöör Liisi Murula Tõnis Kimmel Toomas Tammerik Margus Maiste Tõnis Savi Margit Aule Margit Argus Ülo-Tarmo Stöör Karis Kahr Liina Rohtlaan Marita Mätas Triin Kivi Kristi Kroon Kristiina Viires Krista Teinveld Eve Ott Tiina Kiilaspea Sander Künnapas Viido Naruskberg Avo Kuldkepp
PROJECT CREDITS
PUBLIC BUILDINGS EXPO 2000 Client: Enterprise Estonia: Arvi Karotam Architecture: Andrus Kõresaar, Raivo Kotov Local architect: KSP Engel und Zmmermann Engineering project management: Innomore Eesti: Ahti Väin, Aleksandr Stogov-Suvorov Interior Architecture: Andrus Kõresaar, Raivo Kotov, Hannes Praks, Tiit Tael Structural engineering: Neoprojekt: Kalju Loorits, Marti Sein, Andres Kindel Mechanics: Eli: Tõnu Vaher, Toomas Haggi Civil engineering: ESP: Albert Rodin; Hiieko: Jaak Levertand; Contactus: Margus Leoste, Tanel Kübarsepp Construction contractor: Skanska Ehitus: Margus Põim; Koger & Partnerid: Andres Koger, Kaupo Kaljuvee, Dzintar Klavan; Viljandi Metall: Jaak Sulg
CITY HOTEL BRUN inIEKS ´ Client: Bruninieks MS: Märt Moosar Architecture: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar, Raivo Kotov Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Kätlin Ölluk Structural engineering: Peipman Inseneribüroo: Tõnu Peipman
GEORG OTS SPA HOTEL Client: Norbert: Tarmo Sumberg Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Üla Koppel Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liisi Murula, Raili Paling Structural engineering: KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik Civil engineering: VIP Projekt: Toomas Koov, Peeter Kink, Toomas Viiand Landscape Architecture: Tiina Tuulik, Lea Järve Graphic design: Martin Lazarev; Produktsioonigrupp: Indrek Koduvere, Alar Koot, Allan Pops Construction contractor: Hea 5
E-PARLIAMENT HALL Client: Chancellery of the Riigikogu: Illi-Malle Ong Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Lembit-Kaur Stöör, Andrus Kõresaar, Martin Pärn Graphics and multimedia design: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar; Visual identity: Martin Lazarev
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MERCHANT’S HOUSE HOTEL Client: Hansafond Grupp: Jonathan Poole Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Raili Paling, Liisi Murula
HOTEL JURMALA SPA Client: Ärimaja: Olav Miil, Andres Tiik Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Kätlin Ölluk Visual identity: Ionel Lehari Construction contractor: FKSM
ARENSBURG BOUTIQUE HOTEL & SPA Client: Arens Vara: Aarne Mustis Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Margit Aule, Lea Laidra, Tõnis Savi Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liisi Murula, Raili Paling, Margit Argus Structural engineering: Kuressaare Kommunaalprojekt: Toomas Reinmets Graphic design: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev; Produktsioonigrupp: Indrek Koduvere, Terje Tunis Civil engineering: Kuressaare Kommunaalprojekt; Inseneribüroo Teknoplan Construction contractor: EBC Ehitus
TALLINN SYNAGOGUE Client: Eesti Juudiusu Kogudus: Boris Oks, Shmuel Kot Creative director: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar Architecture: KOKO architects: Lembit-Kaur Stöör, Tõnis Kimmel Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Raili Paling, Liis Lindvere Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Graphic design: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev Structural engineering: KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik Acoustics: Linda Madalik Civil engineering: Hevac: Albert Rodin, Kaia Hannus; Contactus: Jaan Puss; Basseinitehnika: Priit Nõmmeots Construction contractor: Kolle: Igor Geller, Grigori Roiz
TALLINN ENGLISH COLLEGE SPORTS COMPLEX Client: Inglise Kolledži Sihtasutus: Toomas Kruusimägi, Hillar-Peeter Luitsalu Creative director: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar Architecture: KOKO architects: LembitKaur Stöör, Margus Maiste, Ülo-Tarmo Stöör, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects : Raili Paling, Liis Lindvere, Liisi Murula Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Graphic design: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev; Produktsioonigrupp: Indrek Koduvere Structural engineering: KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik Acoustics: Linda Madalik Civil engineering: Hevac: Teet Tark, Albert Rodin, Kaia Hannus; Contactus: Jaan Puss; Basseinitehnika: Priit Nõmmeots Construction contractor: Skanska Ehitus: Tiit Kõnd
MUSEUM FOR PUPPET ARTS Client: KESSEUM: Toomas Johanson, Meelis Pai Creative director: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar Architecture: KOKO architects: Indrek Mikk, Lea Laidra; Vana Tallinn: Mari Haamer Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Margit Argus, Raili Paling Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Structural engineering: KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik Multimedia: Madis Raidaru Graphic design: Produktsioonigrupp: Indrek Koduvere Interactive ‘Wall of Stars’: Interakt: Toomas Vinter, Kalle Tiisma Civil engineering: Hevac: Teet Tark, Albert Rodin; Habelsberg: Tarmo Põderson; Henert Grupp: Mart Mae Construction contractor: Tarrest Ehitus: Mart Tarum, Kaarel Kõuts
ARTIS CINEMA Client: Tallinnfilm: Margit Vremmert, Katrin Rajasaare Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling Acoustics: Linda Madalik Visual identity: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev Construction contractor: Merko Ehitus: Indrek Tarto
GREAT GUILD HALL IN TALLINN Client: Estonian History Museum: Sirje Karis Concept of the exhibition: Estonian History Museum: Mariann Raisma, Inge Laurik-Teder, Tõnis Liibek Creative director: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar Architecture: Restor: Mart Keskküla Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Margit Argus, Margit Aule Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Visual identity: Jan Tomson, Indrek Sirkel Graphic design, exhibition design, multimedia, interactive exhibits: Produktsioonigrupp: Teele Laats, Rait Siska, Risto Tali, Kertu Tuberg, Jaanika Pajuste, Annely Põldsaar, Sander Põldsaar, Katrin Sipelgas, Kaarel Nõmmik, Mikk Heinsoo, Siim Vinter, Toomas Vinter, Kalle Tiisma, Indrek Hirvlaan, Tõnu Jaansoo, Lauri Laasik, Liina Rohtlaan, Mark Baranin, Hannes Mäehans Installation of the exhibits: Villu Plink, Kristiina Laurits Structural engineering: Ehitusekspertiisibüroo: Maari Idnurm Civil engineering: Kordamed; Vaimar; Energiakonsult; Energia ja Loodus Construction contractor: Tarrest Ehitus: Jannes Põder
TARTU MAARJA CHURCH Client: Tartu Maarja Kiriku SA: Heikki Valk Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Tatiana Päss Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik
Structural engineering: EEB Projekt, Maari Idnurm Civil engineering: Kordamed: Jakob Jasman; Raksit: Aivar Rant; ITK Inseneribüroo: Taisto Tammearu
TALLINN TV TOWER Client: Levira AS: Aare Siimon, Urmas Ojamaa Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Margit Aule, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling, Margit Argus Visual identity: Velvet: Janno Siimar Graphic design: Creatum: Igor Baturin, Moonika Kiop, Peeter Heinat Exhibition design and production: Produktsioonigrupp: Andrus Kõresaar, Teele Laats, Madis Tüür, Lauri Laasik, Mark Baranin, Hannes Mäehans, Siim Vinter, Ragnar Kullamäe, Toomas Vinter, Kalle Tiisma, Indrek Hirvlaan, Bruno Lillemets, Kaiko Kivi, Kalle-Priit Pruuden, Karmo Kiivit, Tanel Toom, Liina Rohtlaan Engineering project management: Projektipea: Riho Joala Structural engineering: Neoprojekt: Marti Sein, Piret Voore Civil engineering: Hevac: Teet Tark, Albert Rodin, Kaia Hannus; Contactus: Margus Leoste, Sergei Zajarin; Pilvi Pärnamägi; Telealarm: Aivar Pahkpuu Construction contractor: YIT Ehitus: Margus Põim, Tiit Jors
SEAPLANE HARBOUR Client: Estonian Maritime Museum: Urmas Dresen (director), Heinu Klaas (Seaplane harbour project general manager), Ott Sarapuu (Exhibition manager) Exhibition design and production: Continuum: Kristel Oitmaa Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Margit Aule, Indrek Mikk, Tõnis Savi, Lea Laidra, Jelena Altmäe Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Margit Argus, Andrus Kõresaar, Olga Batuhtina, Liina Rohtlaan 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr; A3 Interactive: Agor Eiskop, Mikk Punning
Engineering project management: KOKO architects : Jaanus Männik, Andrus Kõresaar Visual identity: Jan Tomson Exhibition design and production: Produktsioonigrupp: Andrus Kõresaar, Teele Laats, Madis Tüür, Lauri Laasik, Mart Saar, Kiur Aarma, Jaak Kilmi, Toomas Vinter, Kalle Tiisma, Indrek Hirvlaan, Tõnis Oppe, Olavi Opper, Erik Paakspuu, Tõnu Jaansoo, Tauno Tali, Anton Vill, Liina Rohtlaan, Annely Põldsaar, Sander Põldsaar, Rait Siska, Kertu Tuberg, Taavi Varm, Jaanika Pajuste, Siim Vinter, Kairo Koik, Madis Peep, Krister Viirsaar, Veiko Anvelt, Mark Baranin, Hannes Mäehans, Katrin Sipelgas, Asso Altmäe, Tõnu Narro, Moonika Siimets, Elo Soode, Toomas Valdmann, Sven-Erik Valdmann, Glen Pilvre, Tiit Lepp, Ahti Vuks, Kätly Kaibald, Pavel Vedehhin Structural renovation engineering: prof Karl Õiger, Heiki Onton New structures engineering: Neoprojekt: Marti Sein, Priit Luure, Andres Kindel; Viljandi Metall: Jaak Sulg, Indrek Tirmaste; MEC Insenerlahendused: Meelis Mäesalu Civil engineering: Hevac: Teet Tark, Albert Rodin, Kaia Hannus; Henert Grupp: Mart Mae; Hanken: Indrek Siigur; Nivoo Projekt: Anne Altpere; Pilvi Pärnamägi Consulting on lighting: Urmas Pastarus, Ahto Kallas Consulting on folding doors: ELI: Tõnu Vaher, Toomas Haggi; Electromix: Toomas Valdmann Acoustics: Linda Madalik Construction manager: Estonian Maritime Museum: Urmas Toomet Construction contractor: Nordecon: Toomas Luman, Jaano Vink; Martin Viilep, Veiko Krautman, Alari Kompus, Kaupo Kaupmees, Tanel Kuusmaa, Viljo Niit, Harto Vallimägi, Sulev Alliksaar Construction of the bridge: Ilmarine: Kaido Aettik, Marko Kikkas
UNIVERSITY OF TARTU NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Client: University of Tartu: Urmas Kõljalg, Reet Mägi Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling
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Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Visual identity: Produktsioonigrupp: Marko Ausma Exhibition design: Produktsioonigrupp: Teele Laats, Andrus Kõresaar, Liina Rohtlaan, Marko Ausma, Jaanika Pajuste, Kertu Tuberg, Sander Põldsaar, Lauri Laasik, Maris Kaskmann, Liisa Kivimäe, Tatiana Päss Taxidermy, reproductions, dioramas: Stuudio Viridis Structural engineering: Ehitusekspertiisibüroo: Siim Randmäe Civil engineering: Kordamed: Jakob Jasman; Raksit: Aivar Rant; ITK Inseneribüroo: Taisto Tammearu Construction contractor: Tartu Ehitus: Üllar Juhanson
3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik, Andrus Kõresaar Structural engineering: EEB Projekt: Maari Idnurm Acoustics: Akukon: Marko Ründva Civil engineering: Teinos: Peeter Luurmees, Igor Britikovski; ITK Inseneri büroo: Argo Stallmeister, Taisto Tammearu Construction contractor: Nordecon: Jaano Vink, Ain Rebane
THE ESTONIAN HEALTH CARE MUSEUM Client: Estonian Health Care Museum: Margus Jurkatam Architecture: KOKO architects: Indrek Mikk, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Exhibition design: Produktsioonigrupp: Teele Laats, Andrus Kõresaar, Marko Ausma, Joosep Maripuu, Maris Kaskmann, Liina Rohtlaan, Sander Põldsaar, Jaanika Pajuste, Siim Vinter, Ragnar Kullamäe, Mark Baranin, Hannes Mäehans, Toomas Kants Installation of the exhibits: Villu Plink, Kristiina Laurits Structural engineering: Ehitusekspertiisibüroo: Maari Idnurm Civil engineering: Kordamed: Jakob Jasman; Raksit: Aivar Rant; ITK Inseneri büroo: Riho Kirss Construction contractor: Tarrest LT OÜ: Jannes Põder
AQVA SPA HOTEL Client: Aqva Hotels: Roman Kusma Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Olga Batuhtina Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Structural engineering: KTR Projekt: Kristjan Kaares, Risto Kann Civil engineering: VIP Projekt: Toomas Koov, Peeter Kink; Henert Grupp: Mart Mae; Pilvi Pärnamägi Construction contractor: Mudel Ehitus: Jaanus Koval
MOUNTAIN LODGES IN SODDATJØRN Client: Stavanger Turistforening: Preben Falck Architecture: KOKO architects: Martin Tago, Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Liis Uustal Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Raili Paling, Kadri Kaldam, Kärt Loopalu 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
RESORT HOTEL & SPA ESTONIA Client: Nordecon: Jaano Vink, Avo Ambur; Estonia Medical SPA Hotel: Andrus Aljas Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Olga Batuhtina, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling, Kadri Kaldam, Kärt Loopalu
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ARVO PÄRT CENTRE Client: SA Arvo Pärdi Keskus Competition team: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Üla Koppel, Indrek Mikk, Martin Tago, Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Tatiana Päss
Cinema Electronic community
Everyday life
For business or pleasure?
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Tower of devices
Future tunnel Car devices
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Portable radios
Fronts and backs
Workshop Technology of sound
Relay centres
Information transfer
Visitors future dreams
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From points of light to pixels
Internet before Internet Technical hobbyists
Networks
Transistors History Tigerstedt
1 Past dreams
ESKO
HELSINKI MUSEUM OF TECHNOLOGY Client: Tekniikan Museo: Marjo Mikkola Exhibition design: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Liis Uustal, Kadri Kaldam Engineering project management: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar, Sten-Mark Mändmaa Civil engineering: KNX Stuudio: Mart Mae
MAARJAMÄE PALACE Client: Estonian History Museum: Sirje Karis Architecture: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar, Raivo Kotov Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Raili Paling, Kärt Loopalu, Kadri Kaldam 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE BUILDINGS FAHLE HOUSE Client: Koger & Partnerid: Andres Koger, Margus Põim Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Olga Batuhtina, Lea Laidra, Jelena Altmäe Restoration of the facades: Helve Ilves Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling, Kätlin Ölluk, Liisi Murula, Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar Graphic design: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev Structural engineering: Ago-Allan Kuddu Civil engineering: Hiieko: Aleksei Ivanov, Svetlana Moltsar; Connect: Mart Mae; Henert Grupp: Marina Koit; Pilvi Pärnamägi Construction contractor: Koger & Partnerid: Toomas Kaares SAKALA EDITORIAL BUILDING Client: Kerri C&M, Sakala Kirjastus: Taavi Kerner, Peep Kala Architecture: KOKO architects: Margus Maiste Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling Structural engineering: RV Projekt: Väino Taidur Civil engineering: Inseneribüroo Muru: Jaak Muru; Vennev: Tõnu Ennemuist; PB-Projekt: Bruno Bogdanovics Construction contractor: Leviehitus: Indrek Saar, Kuldar Ilus METRO PLAZA Client: Focus Kinnisvara: Sulo Nigul, Mart Habakuk, Arle Mölder Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Lembit-Kaur Stöör, Andrus Kõresaar, Lea Laidra Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling, Liina Rohtlaan Engineering project management: Oma Ehitaja: Kaspar Ots Graphic design: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev Structural engineering: Neoprojekt: Marti Sein, Jaanus Viljamaa Civil engineering: Hiieko: Aleksei Ivanov; Contactus: Jaan Puss; Vaimar; K-Projekt Consulting on the lighting facade: Valgusmaania: Eva Tallo, Priit Aulik Construction contractor: Facio Ehitus
ROTERMANN CARPENTER’S WORKSHOP Client: Rotermann City: Heiki Kivimaa Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Jelena Altmäe Engineering project management: Projektipea: Riho Joala Structural engineering: Neoprojekt: Marti Sein, Matis Teeäär Civil engineering: Hevac: Albert Rodin; VIP Projekt: Toomas Viiand; Pilvi Pärnamägi Construction contractor: KMG Ehitus: Tiit Nurklik, Deivy Paavo ROTERMANN GRAIN ELEVATOR Client: Rotermann City: Heiki Kivimaa, Tõnis Sõõrumaa, Martin Ühtegi Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Olga Batuhtina 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss Engineering project management: Projektipea: Riho Joala Structural engineering: Inseneribüroo Pike: Ivar Muuk Civil engineering: VIP Projekt: Toomas Koov, Peeter Kink, Toomas Viiand; K-Projekt Acoustics: Akukon: Marko Ründva
ROTERMANN BAKERY Client: R6 Arendus: Tõnis Sõõrumaa, Martin Ühtegi Competition team: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk, Martin Tago 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
RÄVALA GALLERY Client: Rävala Kaheksa: Jaanus Paas, Veljo Kuusk, Tauno Muide Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Martin Tago, Indrek Mikk; Benoy, London: Robert Bishop, Scott Pryde, Pete Challoner; Rstudio for architecture, Sweden: John R Johanson, Carl Johansson-Ahlberg 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
HIGHRISE AT 3 A. LAUTERI STREET Client: EBS Campus: Madis Habakuk Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Andrus Kõresaar, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Martin Tago 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
BALTI STATION MARKET Client: Astri Kinnisvara: Tarmo Kleimann Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Martin Tago, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
OFFICE BUILDING AT 80M TARTU ROAD Client: Zelluloosi Kinnisvara: Rein Kilk, Kaspar Kokk, Eero Lukkanen Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Martin Tago 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
HIGHRISE AT 19/21 MAAKRI STREET Client: Logoner Competition team: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk, Margit Aule 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr
THE TERRACE OF CAFÉ KOMEET Client: Solaris Keskus: Priit Rebane Architecture: KOKO architects: Andrus Kõresaar, Olga Batuhtina Construction contractor: Merko Ehitus: Indrek Tarto
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RESIDENTIAL 33 VABRIKU STREET Client: Asunik: Märten Kross, Jaanus Hallik Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Tõnis Kimmel Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling Structural engineering: KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik Civil engineering: Märt Falk; Eldeco: Jaan Torm Construction contractor: Celander Ehitus
RABAKÜLA RESIDENTIAL AREA Client: NCC Ehitus: Priit Aer, Andres Mikker Architecture: KOKO architects: LembitKaur Stöör, Raivo Kotov, Ülo-Tarmo Stöör, Indrek Mikk, Margit Aule, Lea Laidra, Jelena Altmäe Structural engineering: CES; Estkonsult Civil engineering: Teinos; Stik-Elekter Construction contractor: NCC Ehitus: Priit Aer
APARTMENTS IN PÄRNU Client: Metsapiiri Maja: Margus Põim, Harri Karula Architecture: Lembit Tork; KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov Structural engineering: Tari Projektbüroo Civil engineering: Tari Projektbüroo Construction contractor: Koger & Partnerid: Martin Riidamets
DALE Client: Dale Eiendomsutvikling: Svend Erik Haavik, Lars Stangeland Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk, Margus Maiste, Üla Koppel, Martin Tago Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling, Kadri Kaldam 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss Engineering project manager: KOKO architects: Jaanus Männik Structural engineering: Novarc: Jüri Rass, Aleksandr Sepp, Jaanus Natka, Oliver Lätti Civil engineering: Novarc: Jüri Rass, Aleksandr Sepp, Peter Haab, Toomas Kõll, Maarika Koor, Urve Rehepapp, Martin Mäsak
KULDALA RESIDENTIAL AREA Client: Koger Kinnisvara: Andres Koger, Margus Põim Architecture: KOKO architects: LembitKaur Stöör, Margus Maiste, Raivo Kotov, Tõnis Kimmel, Tõnis Savi, Olga Batuhtina, Indrek Mikk, Margit Aule Visual identity: KOKO architects: Martin Lazarev Structural engineering: Piko Projekt Civil engineering: Piko Projekt: Pilvi Pärnamägi Construction contractor: Koger & Partnerid: Margus Põim, Kaido Põld
GOSPA RESIDENCES Client: Hea 5: Andres Rätsepp, Tarmo Sumberg Architecture: KOKO architects: Indrek Mikk, Raivo Kotov Interior Architecture: Kätlin Ölluk Structural engineering: Kuressaare Kommunaalprojekt Civil engineering: Kuressaare Kommunaalprojekt Construction contractor: Hea 5: Indrek Kalk
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PRIVATE RESIDENCES SUMMER HOUSE IN LOHUSALU Client: private Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Hannes Praks Structural engineering: Peipman Inseneribüroo: Tõnu Peipman Construction contractor: Lahever Ehitus
VILLA IN KURESSAARE I Client: private Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Raili Paling Structural engineering: KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik
VILLA IN KURESSAARE II Client: private Architecture: KOKO architects: LembitKaur Stöör; Ülo-Tarmo Stöör Interior Architecture: Vaikla Disain: Argo Vaikla, Katrin Vaikla, Mari-Liis Süld Structural engineering: Printsiip Inseneribüroo: Tõnu Peipman; KOKO architects: Toomas Tammerik
LOFT 44 IN THE FAHLE HOUSE Client: Koger & Partnerid: Andres Koger Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere Kamina disain: Risto Tali, Rait Siska Construction contractor: Koger & Partnerid: Toomas Kaares
VILLA IN ROHUNEEME II Client: private Architecture: KOKO architects: Margus Maiste Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere Structural engineering: Ago-Allan Kuddu
MASTER PLANS MÕISAVAHE QUARTER Client: Tartu City Government Competition team: KOKO architects: Margus Maiste, Lembit-Kaur Stöör, Raivo Kotov, Üla Koppel, Tõnis Savi
HIPPODROME QUARTER Client: Koger & Partnerid: Andres Koger Competition team: KOKO architects: Indrek Mikk, Margit Aule, LembitKaur Stöör, Ülo-Tarmo Stöör, Andrus Kõresaar
PATAREI QUARTER Client: State Real Estate Ltd Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Margit Aule, Indrek Mikk, Tõnis Savi, Ülo-Tarmo Stöör
NORTH-TALLINN CENTRAL AREA Client: Phoenix Land: Sonny Aswani, Swee Siong, Tarvo Teder Design concept: KOKO architects, New Space Architects (Singapur), KPME Inseneribüroo, Ars Projekt Master planning: K-Projekt: Rein Annusver, Ülle Kadak, Tarmo Siimsaare Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Indrek Mikk, Andrus Kõresaar, Tõnis Savi, Viido Naruskberg, Lembit-Kaur Stöör, Ülo-Tarmo Stöör Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere; Lasse Ira
MAGASINI QUARTER Client: State Real Estate Ltd: Marko Sula Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Margit Aule, Lea Laidra, Indrek Mikk Master planning: K-Projekt: Rein Annusver, Ülle Kadak, Aive Hirtentreu
REVHEIM BUS DEPOT Client: Boreal Transport Norge: Kjetil Førsvoll, Bjørg Wigestrand Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Martin Tago, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Liis Uustal 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
THE NEW HARBOUR QUARTER Client: Port of Tallinn: Ahto Ader Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Martin Tago, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Liis Uustal 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
CONCEPT FOR THE TSELLULOOS QUARTER Client: Zelluloosi Kinnisvara: Rein Kilk, Kaspar Kokk, Eero Lukkanen Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Martin Tago, Andrus Kõresaar, Indrek Mikk, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Liis Uustal 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
CONCEPT FOR THE KRULL MACHINE FACTORY Client: Harju Tervis: Kaido Saveljev, Mehis Rump, Veljo Kuusk, Nikolai Pitšugov Architecture: KOKO architects: Raivo Kotov, Martin Tago, Indrek Mikk, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Liis Uustal 3D illustrations: KOKO architects: Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson, Tatiana Päss
VILLA IN MERIRAHU Client: private Architecture: KOKO architects: LembitKaur Stöör, Ülo-Tarmo Stöör Interior Architecture: KOKO architects: Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling Structural engineering: KTR Projekt: Kristjan Kaares
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Special thanks Rein Grünbach, Hjalmar Styve, Svend Erik Haavik Thanks Martin Aadamsoo, Toomas Aak, Ilmar Aamisepp, Raimu Aardam, Kiur Aarma, Marko Aasa, Peep Aaviksoo, Ahto Ader, Arvo Aedla, Priit Aer, Avo Ambur, Yoko Alender, Andrus Aljas, Toomas Alle, Asso Altmäe, Priit Annusver, Rein Annusver, Ando Aron, Kalev Arusoo, Sonny Aswani, Marko Ausma, Sergei Averjanov, Mark Baranin, Igor Bernovski, Robert Bishop, Madis Brjantsev, Urmas Dresen, Boris Dubovik, Monika Eensalu-Pihel, Reimo Ehrstein, Tiit Einberg, Mart Einpalu, Erki Esna, Jüri Etverk, Sven Fahle, Preben Falck, Aleksander Fjodorov, Kjetil Førsvoll, Vladimir Frolov, Margus Gatski, Kuldar Gil, Madis Habakuk, Mart Habakuk, Toomas Haggi, Karin Hallas-Murula, Jaanus Hallik, Liisi Hallikmaa, Kaia Hannus, Lilian Hansar, Vassil Hartšuk, Kevin Havill, Alo Heinsalu, Andi Hektor, Steve Heinlo, Joakim Helenius, Lauri Henno, Indrek Himmist, Aive Hirtentreu, Piret Hirv, Indrek Hirvlaan, Ida Dybdal Holthe, Maari Idnurm, Helve Ilves, Anna Iso-Ahola, Edwin Jakobson, Atko Januson, Mark Jasman, Riho Joala, John R Johanson, Toomas Johanson, Siri Lindhagen Joli, Tiit Jors, Margus Jurkatam, Janek Jõesaar, Raul Järg, Tiina Jürgens, Kristjan Kaares, Martin Kaares, Toomas Kaares, Urmas Kaasik, Veljo Kaasik, Ülle Kadak, Kätly Kaibald, Peep Kala, Anne Kaldam, Ahto Kallas, Mart Kalm, Tiina Kalme, Tarmo Kalviste, Risto Kann, Jako Kapp, Sirje Karis, Tarmo Karma, Arvi Karotam, Mihkel Karu, Harri Karula, Angela Kase, Ülle Kask, Argo Kass, Jarmo Kauge, Taavi Kerner, Riste Keskpaik, Jari Kettunen, Parul Khandelwal, Peep Kildjer, Kaja Kilk, Rein Kilk, Jaak Kilmi, Andres Kindel, Moonika Kiop, Kadriann Kibus, Peeter Kink, Anne Kivi, Kaiko Kivi, Mae Kivilo, Heiki Kivimaa, Ain Kivisaar, Loit Kivistik, Kaido Kivitoa, Heinu Klaas, Tarmo Kleimann, Krista Kodres, Indrek Koduvere, Andres Koger, Marina Koit, Kaspar Kokk, Toomas Koov, Shmuel Kot, Kaie Kotov, Ekaterina Kotova, Jaanus Koval, Märten Kross, Toomas Kruusimägi, Ago Kuddu, Hannes Kuhlbach, Kärt Kukke, Märt Kukke, Guido Kundla, Henry Kuningas, Mari Kurismaa, Jaan Kurm, Roman Kusma, Mare Kuusik, Ketlin Kuusing, Veljo Kuusk, Tanel Kuusmaa, Urmas Kõljalg, August Kõresaar, Urve Kõresaar, Ivo Kõvamees, Aare Käära, Tõnu Küttmaa, Gunnar Laak, Tõnu Laak, Toomas Laanpere, Lauri Laasik, Lauri Laasik (EETU), Teele Laats, Leonhard Lapin, Fred Laur, Inge Laurik-Teder, Kristiina Laurits, Margus Leoste, Mauno Leppik, Jaak Levertand, Tõnis Liibek, Andres Liinsoo, Olev Liivik, Arvo Lill, Erkki Lill, Bruno Lillemets, Hanno Lindpere, Peeter Linnap, Vello Lokk, Kalju Loorits, Avo-Himm Looveer, Age Luha, Hillar-Peeter Luitsalu, Eero Lukkanen, Toomas Luman, Priit Luure, Peeter Luurmees, Ragner Lõbu, Marika Lõoke, Alexandr Lyubimov, Natalia Lyubimova-Kunikova, Linda Madalik, Mart Mae, Ervin Makko, Eve Margus, Joosep Maripuu, Tiit Masso, Peeter Mauer, Margus Merilo, Vello Merilo, Peeter Metsar, Eve Mihkle, Valdur Mikita, Olav Miil, Andres Mikker, Marjo Mikkola, Jüri Mirme, Akshay Mody, Valentin Moldovanov, Maris Moorus, Märt Moosar, Tauno Muide, Janek Murd, Aarne Mustis, Margit Mutso, Ivar Muuk, Gunnar Mäemets, Hannes Mäeots, Reet Mägi, Endrik Mänd, Kristjan Mändmaa, Argo Männik, Arle Mölder, Andrus Möllits, Valter Napits, Alo Neerot, Katrin Neider, Sulo Nigul, Mari Nittim, Madis Noor, Tiit Nurklik, Merlis Nõgene, Priit Nõmmeots, Kristel Oitmaa, Urmas Ojamaa, Triin Ojari, Liisa Ojaveer, Boris Oks, Illi-Malle Ong, Heiki Onton, Tõnis Oppe, Oliver Orro, Harry Ots, Kaspar Ots, Evely Paalman, Jaanus Paas, Deivy Paavo, Peeter Paenurm, Meelis Pai, Jaanika Pajuste, Aleksandr Pantelejev, Enn Parel, Olavi Parmas,
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Urmas Pastarus, Karin Paulus, Martin Pedanik, Tiina-Piret Peegel, Tõnu Peiman, Johan Pender, Kristjan Penu, Laur Pihel, Paavo Pilv, Nikolai Pitšugov, Villu Plink, Jonathan Poole, Ingrid Poska, Martti Preem, Voldemar Promet, Kalle Pruuden, Scott Pryde, Margus Põim, Kaido Põld, Ahti Põlder, Raivo Põldmaa, Annely Põldsaar, Sander Põldsaar, Väino Põllumäe, Angeelika Pärna, Pilvi Pärnamägi, Rain Raabel, Mariann Raisma, Katrin Rajasaare, Siim Randmäe, Merike Rannu, Aivar Rant, Jüri Rass, Ain Rebane, Peeter Rebane, Priit Rebane, Raul Reemet, Aivar Reidla, Triin Reilson, Albert Rodin, Jaanus Rohtla, Aivar Roosaar, Riina Roosipuu, Aare Roosiväli, Helena Roschier, Hilla Rudanko, Mehis Rump, Jaana Rätsep, Andres Rätsepp, Marko Ründva, Eva Saar, Leelo Saar, Mart Saar, Tanel Saar, Teet Saarepera, Rune Sagland, Andre Saiko, Rene Salumäe, Ain Sammal, Marek Sarapuu, Ott Sarapuu, Priit Sauk, Kaido Saveljev, Marti Sein, Urmas Sepp, Harry Shein, Andres Siim, Aare Siimon, Tarmo Siimsaare, Tarmo Sikk, Märt Sildvee, Swee Siong, Katrin Sipelgas, Indrek Sirkel, Rait Siska, Helle Solnask, Espen Solum, Elo Soode, Peep Soopere, Tiit Soorm, Lars Stangeland, Marko Sula, Jaak Sulg, Tarmo Sumberg, Tauri Sumberg, Tõnis Sõõrumaa, Urmas Sõõrumaa, Siiri Sänn, Tiio Sütt, Artis Zvirgzdins, Risto Tali, Tauno Tali, Raiko Talvoja, Asko Tamme, Britta Tamverk, Teet Tark, Mart Tarum, Merike Teder, Tarvo Teder, Matis Teeäär, Jaanus Tehver, Nils-Harald Tesdal, Urve Tiidus, Andres Tiik, Kalle Tiisma, Tarvo Tiivits, Harry Tint, Indrek Tirmaste, Jan Tomson, Andres Toome, Uku Toomet, Urmas Toomet, Viktoria Toompere, Veiko Treumann, Rein Triisa, Kertu Tuberg, Janno Tuisk, Taavi Tulev, Terje Tunis, Madis Tüür, Erika Uffer, Leza Uffer, Aare Udras, Martti Uhtjärv, Kärt Ulman, Indrek Unt, Tõnu Vaher, Sven-Erik Valdmann, Toomas Valdmann, Heikki Valk, Aivo Vaske, Tanel Veenre, Hannes Veikesaar, Peet Veimer, Krister Viirsaar, Tanel Viksi, Anton Vill, Jaano Vink, Siim Vinter, Toomas Vinter, Igor Volkov, Piret Voore, Margit Vremmert, Ahti Vuks, Virko Vähi, Ahti Väin, Johanna Vähäpesola, Leele Välja, Andrus Väärtnõu, Bjørg Wigestrand, prof Karl Õiger, Martin Ühtegi, Artur Ümar, Karina York Many thanks to the residents, visitors and users of our projects. Without you this book would never have been born.
Chief Editor Andrus Kõresaar Editors Hille Saluäär (language) , Raivo Kotov (content) Texts Hille Saluäär, Maris Hellrand, Carl-Dag Lige (Arensburg Boutique Hotel & Spa, Tallinn Synagogue, Tallinn English College sports complex, Great Guild Hall in Tallinn, Tallinn TV tower, Seaplane Harbour, Fahle house, Metro Plaza, Rotermann carpenter’s workshop, 33 Vabriku street) Creative writer Igor Baturin Translation Refiner Translations (Editor: Michael Haagensen); Maris Hellrand
Martin Lazarev (302) Urmas Oja (42) Tatiana Päss (289 bottom) Elmo Riig (162) Kaido Peremees (98 top) Jelena Rudi (102 bottom) Sven Soome (22 bottom left) Gen Vagula (166) Vickers-Armstrong archive (108 bottom) Aivar Villemson (294 bottom) Toomas Volkmann (151, art director: Katrin Sipelgas) Print Tallinn Book Printers Paper: Gallerie Art Volume 150 g; Colorit 52 160 g Published with financial support from the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund
Coordinators Helen Küppas (general) , Elo Aun (photographs) Design and layout Layout, graphic design and illustrations: Martin Lazarev; 3D illustrations: Tatiana Päss, Karis Kahr, Kristo Rämson; layout: Taivo Org, Maris Kaskmann; digital photograph processing: Tiit Lepp, Jaanika Pajuste; plan processing: Liis Uustal, Riho Vinglas Photo credits Kaido Haagen (14, 16 bottom, 17, 18, 19 bottom, 21 bottom, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29 right, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 44 top, 45, 48, 51, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 bottom, 82, 83, 84 top, 84 bottom right, 85 top left, 86 bottom, 87, 93, 102 top, 103, 110 right, 111, 112, 115 right, 121, 122, 123, 124, 146, 147, 153 left, 155 bottom, 156, 158, 160, 165, 169 top, 171, 174, 175, 176, 178 right, 179, 190, 191, 192 bottom, 212, 214, 221, 222 bottom, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228 bottom, 229, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262 right, 266, 267, 270, 273) Andrus Kõresaar (19 top, 22 top, 22 bottom right, 49, 50, 52, 100 bottom, 101, 104, 105 bottom, 106, 107, 113 top, 116, 148 bottom, 152, 153 right, 154 top, 155 top, 157, 159, 168 top, 172, 173, 178 left, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222 top, 240, 253 lower centre, 259, 283 bottom right, 289 top) Estonian Film Archives (85 bottom, 86 top, 89 right, 90, 94 top, 94 bottom left, 108 top, 148 top, 149, 154 bottom, 247, 248, 253 left, 264 top, 277, 278, 283 bottom left, 294 top) Kalle Veesaar (35 right, 36, 37, 38, 68, 69, 84 bottom right, 85 top right, 88 bottom, 167, 168 bottom) Vahur Lõhmus, Estonian History Museum (70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77) Arne Maasik (88 top, 91, 98 bottom, 99, 100 top, 114) Martin Siplane (262 left, 263, 268, 271, 272) Andres Teiss (105 top, 109, 110 left, 113 bottom, 134, 135, 136) Private collections (22, 28, 29 left, 40, 43, 193, 296 bottom) Margus Johanson (192 top, 264, 265) Andres Rätsepp, private collection (228 top, 230, 231) Johannes Tilk, private collection (95, 96, 97) Raul Mee (16 top, 21 top) Liquid Frame: Liina Guiter, Paul Aguraiuja (44 bottom, 46) Ken Juks (89 left) Jaana Juur (66 top) Meeli Küttim (137)
Publisher KOKO architects www.koko.ee ISBN 978-9949-38-111-1