70 – inout811 - Project Booklet by konkuristanbul

InOut811

Taksim Urban Design Competition

1 / 56

InOut811

Taksim Urban Design Competition

2 / 56

InOut811

PHASE DIAGRAMS — YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

1930-1950

1983-2010

1930 – 1950

GENESIS Origin of the square / Inauguration of the park — The first steps towards the modern Taksim were started when the Republic Monument was unveiled in 1928. Over the years, additional urban plans were made, the crucial one being that of Henri Prost, who devised the plan for Gezi Park in 1940 (built). Built within the compass of square and park to the west was a whole new zone of residential structures with a markedly perpendicular grid. Also started apart from the major planning solutions was the construction of the first hotels, of which over the course of time there were to be more in this zone.

1930-1950

1983-2010

1983 – 2010

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Expansion of the zone, pedestrianisation — Over the next 50 years, the development of the square was to be marked by emphatic construction along the edges (the Atatürk Cultural Centre, several big new hotels and so on). Also launched were the infrastructure projects of the building of Tarlabaşı Blv. and the pedestrianisation of the area. In 2013 there was a surge of protests because of the felling of trees and attempts to rebuild the barracks (which did not happen). The last building on the square was the great mosque, and a new AKM is now underway (with references to the historical structure).

2020+

PARQUARE 2020+ Coexistence of new and old — Respecting the development of the area in the 20th century, the new Parquare, an integrated space combining park and square, partially includes the strata of the former barracks (in terms of position but not of morphology, incorporated, however, into the nature), but it retains the grid of greenery and instead of imposing new barriers cleans up the square from all the existing inequalities and gives the space a new common language of paving, urban equipment and lighting.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

3 / 56

InOut811

PHASE DIAGRAMS — YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

PHASE 1 Square, park and paths — The area of the brief has large dimensions, and in order to make sure it can be built, it is proposed it be attempted in phases. In the first phase the emphasis would be on the preparation of the basic infrastructure (water, electricity, geothermal water), paving of the square, the main paths and strips for pedestrians, as well as landscaping all the main green islands in the square (except to the north west). Also, to be built are the pedestrian fingers towards surrounding streets and context.

PHASE 2 Gallery, bridge and attractions — The second phase begins with the execution of the most demanding layer of the project, which is particularly accentuated by the building of the large gallery space /lifelong learning hub to the west. The only large new architectural feature in the Parquare, the building is inserted unobtrusively into the park and is additionally lightened by the perforation of the atrium. Also to be built are the other attractions in the project area that will additionally enhance the quality.

PHASE 3 Bridge 2 and Botanical Park — In the last phase, when the consolidation of the fundamental area of Parquare has been carried out — peripheral finishing touches are planned. The biggest operation is the formation of a botanical garden in the north east, a zone programmed for relaxation in nature and for learning about the vegetation of Istanbul and Turkey as a whole. A new long bridge to the botanical garden is planned, and the renovation of the existing bridge to the north.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

4 / 56

InOut811

DIAGRAMS OF THE WIDER CONTEXT

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

EXISTING BRIDGES PROPOSED BRIDGES GREENERY

STUDENTS LOCALS TOURISTS

The system of green oases — A contemporary system of bridge constructions has been devised, acknowledging the existing bridges to the north of the project area (across Kadirgalar Cd.) and with reference to historical bridges like the Gezi Park Pedestrian Bridge (designed and built by Henri Prost in 1949 but demolished in 2013), forming an unbroken continuity of greenery and creating an Istanbul macro-landscape in the shape of green infrastructure. Existing bridges proposed bridges greenery

EXISTING BRIDGES

STUDENTS

PROPOSED BRIDGES

LOCALS

GREENERY

TOURISTS

USERS IMPACT

EDUCATION CULTURAL, ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATIONAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES

Distribution of the programme according to gravitation — analysis of the project area and the context shows the prevailing grouping of students as users of the structures to the east of the competition zone, the dominant inflow of local inhabitants (from the residential buildings) from the west, with tourists naturally present from all directions, but more distinctly via the strong pedestrian tracts from south and north. In consequence, the features are grouped for these three prominent groups. STUDENTS locals tourists

STUDENTS

EDUCATION

LOCALS

CULTURAL, ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATIONAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES

TOURISTS

EDUCATION AND CULTURE Purpose of structures of the surroundings — in view of the analysis of user impact, the new open air parts / features within Parquare are very well apportioned, with the emphasis on education and culture as the dominant focal points of the reprogramming of Taksim Square and Gezi Park. In view of the existence of the large number of necessary features already in the surroundings, the only major architectural intervention into the project area is the tract of public gallery / lifelong learning hub. education CULTURAL, ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATIONAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES

Taksim Urban Design Competition

5 / 56

InOut811

POINTS OF IDENTITY PARK + SQUARE PARQUARE — To date, the square and the park have been handled as two close but distinct areas (emphasised in the different height levels). They have been the subjects of separate competitions, layouts, phases and approaches to urban design. We are, then, designing a space that will have a single and united identity, beginning as coexistence of park and square. We have branded it as the first urban design typology that integrates the two, the park and the square — the parquare. Some of the great squares of the world have parks as adjuncts, as separate, isolated zones (Trafalgar Square and Hyde Park, Times Square and Central Park) but in this design we are providing integration and complementation.

PARK

SQUARE

21st CENTURY A contemporary place for the 21st century — For the new Parquare to be positioned in the city in relation to the other great square — Sultanahmet (with its two historical mosques)— the emphasis is placed here on its contemporaneity, in parallel with a respect for and retention of some modern spatial points (fountain and monument). It will become the focal point of the city of the 21st century — for both its contemporary manner of using the space and the introduction of genuinely new technologies/applications.

SULTANAHMET SQ.

PARQUARE

PLACE AS PLATFORM Physical and Digital Platform — We propose the newly devised space as platform liberated from its previous spatial barriers, now enabling large free gatherings. Parquare will become a physical platform for socialising and for the practice of public life. In parallel we propose the making of a digital application via which it will be possible to book parts of the park for socialising, organisation of events, open-air teaching, mini-theatrical events and concerts. Parquare will thus become a platform for inclusive, democratic and participatory public life. There are particularly many young people in Istanbul, the average age being below 25. They have grown up in the time of vigorous globalisation and the age of the internet and using the application will not present them with any problems. They will find it easy to look upon the square as a platform for the exercise of their civil rights and for interpersonal coordination through the virtual world.

2000 TREES Space of 2000 trees, 200 paths, 20 attractions — Parquare plans to retain the maximum of the existing natural part, introducing new paths and points of attraction to encourage users to use it intensively. In this way nature is not only preserved, but curated, an integral part of the planned improvements. At the same time, Parquare wants to create the feeling that the citizens are really participating in the growth and development of Taksim and Gezi Park, feeling it their own, making the decisions about it. We propose that zones or islands of the park be left, within which, in time, the inhabitants of Istanbul will be able to plant trees of their own (1300 > 2000). Total participation is enabled — the citizens will themselves make decisions about which trees to plant and when, and so not everything will be defined in advance by the decision of architects or city administrators. Istanbul is in permanent want of green oases, and this approach allows for the creation of the much-longed-for nature within the dense texture of the city.

MULTIDIMENSIONAL SPACE Parquare as multi-dimensional space — instead of in the way in which the theme of square has been traditionally been perceived, as a flat, level, plane, Parquare is imagined as a space through several layers or floors, which gives it additional complexity, greater use-density and fully equal linkage of the hitherto covert underground parts with the above-ground surfaces.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

6 / 56

InOut811

URBAN STRATEGIES UNIFICATION + BANDS Strategy of unification and bands — instead of the previous fragmentariness, the space begins to be handled integrally on the square and by being grouped into linear bands within the park. The great undefined space of the square (acquired after the historical banning of traffic) is now handled with a single formal language and freed of all vertical barriers, the sharp boundaries between Taksim and Gezi Park are done away with, the Park gradually coming down to the square level in great slopes and cascades, while grouped lines of programmes are implemented in the park.

TACTILE OCTOPUS Strategy of a tactile octopus — with its tentacles, that is, its passages of bridges and underpasses, Parquare reaches into the surrounding spaces that will now form a great integrated network of public spaces and create a continuity, and all the parts covered are activated so they should not be abandoned, remaining a part of the city that is neglected and run down.

ISLANDS OF REPROGRAMMING Strategy of islands and reprogramming — the existing high-quality points are preserved as green (square) and attracting (circular) islands. New islands of the archipelago with inserted contents are introduced as circular focal points that will become a part of the activation of the space. In this way the problem of the lack of contents is settled, for the newly injected programmes / circles are evenly distributed over the whole of the space, are designed in such a way as to involve all parts of society and for the activation of zones with no contents, often felt to be insecure if unprovided with programmes.

METROPOLITAN VERTICALITY Strategy of metropolitan verticality — on squares and parks, one-dimensional open spaces tend to be created, more appropriate to historical times. In order to achieve the dense and urban complexity of programmes, happenings and interactions that this square, one of the centres of a city of a population of 15 million, certainly merits, a complexity of vertical levels is introduced. There is indeed a multistorey complexity of buildings applied to Parquare, not, however, with development and privately owned structures but one that has a public-use character, a free-of-charge facility used by every citizen. Verticality is a social condenser that achieves density without architecture.

PRESERVING AND PRODUCING NATURE Strategy of preserving and producing nature — a greening in which all the inhabitants can take part is provided for, with the motto of preserve and produce nature. The dominant green parts of Istanbul currently to be seen from the air are the cemeteries, the city having a deficit of public greenery. For this reason zones with a potential for the planning of trees at some time in the future are foreseen, greenery also being inserted on the other vertical levels (−1 or +1). The inhabitants will thus learn how to share the space — not in just a small garden, but in one of the biggest public squares in Istanbul. This might seem to be but a small intervention, but instead of large new architectural undertakings into the square and park, we are planning the common growth of a common public space. Taksim Urban Design Competition

7 / 56

InOut811

SPATIAL LAYERS FOCAL POINTS Attractions — circles, the acknowledged dominant formal emblem of the current square, circles that are a fomal element of the memory of the space, will become by further multiplication the epicentres of events in the whole of Parquare. The new circles are spaces of vertical communications, key focal points for big events, new contents, attractions for tourists or else covered spaces for bicycle parking. The landmarks are distributed according to the number of paths, the volume of pedestrian traffic and the number of intersections, and are located in zones in which the most intensive use is predicted. Activation points are additionally illuminated and are pronouncedly material as compared with the rest of Parquare.

BUILT UP DISTRICT Permanent / temporary — along the western edge of Gezi Park, development is planned to be sunken so as not to dominate the park, but still enabling interaction of the zone of the park and of the street and additionally thereby eliding the current split into totally separated spaces. Now strung all along Cumhuriyet Street will be art galleries, spaces of lifelong learning hub and a whole run of ramps and steps that enable a direct access to the park. Thus the development will be not only a space for commerce but an activator of the street and a link between nature and the city urban tissue, and to an extent the memory of the space of the historical barracks whose facades were turned to this side of Gezi Park. All that is introduced into the park is the light structure of a multipurpose pavilion, to be occupied by such features as a café, an open mini-library or the necessary hygiene facilities.

LINES OF MOVEMENT Different types of paths — currently there are tracks within Gezi Park and the pedestrian zone on the square, but without any clear directions of movement and frustrated by a mass of barriers. Strong indications of direction that create a density of pedestrian and bicycle traffic are proposed, emphasising the importance of the movement of users of the square. New lines of bicycle lanes, pedestrian paths, and bridge links. The basic division of lines of movement is into flat, strong strips, diagonal flat accents in the area with bridges (as continuation of the thrust of Tarlabasi Blv.) and opens up spaces of the square that provide freedom of movement and gathering. Movement through the park is made more feasible and accessible now with emphasised ramps, facilitating the use of public spaces by persons with special needs.

GRID OF GREENERY Continuity of the Past — a new grid has been formed evincing a sensibility for the memory of the space and the original design of the park, with maximum preservation of the historical matrix of grassed islands. The Parquare motto is “grow, don’t build”, reflected in the vigorous planting of new trees. It is trees and not buildings that will become the city-building catalyst for urban atmospheres, and provide the key identity for the whole project area. Preservation of greenery and planting of new trees is also a cost-effective approach to urbanisation and in a big city like Istanbul, giving public space a high quality branding, enabling it to become a sustainable ecosystem that will have a direct impact on CO2 emissions.

BLURRED BOUNDARIES Ramps, cascades and steps — through the mix of trees from Gezi and the strip of greenery that widens out to the south to Taksim, the borders between park and square are elided. The space of the project is a united whole defined by the experience of greenery and wide open spaces. The borders no longer have a hard height differentiation, rather, the descent of the park’s cascading greenery and ramps towards the square creates an unbroken connection, a continuity. Transitions from one spatial unit to another are not handled only as technical routes; the cascades are imagined as programme zones that enable events to be watched, on either park or square — the units are now open zones of visual interrelationship.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

8 / 56

InOut811

Parquare as a new spatially uninterrupted whole

The historical setting with its emphatic islands of greenery is retained

Taksim Urban Design Competition

9â&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;56

InOut811

P 30

P 34

P 100 P 1056

P 17

P 137

P 160

B3 BP

bike stati on

P 400

P 350

n ree e n of g dg bri ensio cture t ex astru r inf

B2 M1

J6 L1

BP ge

d bri

foun ta

B3 D3 C2

D2 C1

B1 B5

bicyc park le ing

BP P 30

B2 E1

P 150

D1 A1

teatr

ino

pano ra view ma poin t

teatr

ino

G1 P 165

Taks im Repu Mon blic ume nt

P 20

BP curv ed str

uctu

P 25

T BP

P 25

P 885

TRAM

K2 P 20 P 100

P 62

P 35

P 50

buildings

P 15 100

green infrastructure

150 m

pigmented technoconcrete

Taksim Urban Design Competition

water feature

technoconcrete / waves

roads / paths

competition area

tram lane B1 bus terminals 1-5

P parking BP bike parking T taxi terminal A1 - M2 landscape zones

10â&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;56

InOut811

com mu

nity park

gree pock n ets

atriu ms

islan ds gree of nery

tree

bota n gard ical en

alley

urba n univ g them ardens pa ersity rk atic gard e gree ns n terra ces strip es of gree nery

bota nic arde al n

ity

G G

H C B D A

L K

LANDSCAPE ZONES

VEGETATION TAGS

Although Parquare is a distinct whole, in the sense of the landscape, theI HwithM matic green zones do appear in it, smaller sub-parks that have diL verse contents and programmes and J that are intended for different users. K H G E The big zone in the northCeast B Dwill be a botanical garden that has a role as G the greenery of the university, mainly A for students. Pockets and stretches of G trees are planned in Gezi at the edges, while in the interior there are sequences of more clearly thematised islands.

The introduction of the botanical garden into this competition project brings with it an additional layer of what is only representative greenery: the park will become an educational platform, telling of plant species and acquainting citizens, tourists, young and old with the green context surrounding them. In order to make it easier to be informed about the plant species, three types of vegetation plates are put in place, on which the information is given or can be accessed via the QR codes on them.

VEGETATION PLAN

DOG PARK

In order to define the plant species to be planted by members of the public, to set the ratios of the individual species within the total greenery and to determine the timetable for planting for the whole of the project area, a division into zones has been conducted. Each one of these zones is accompanied by detailed data about the recommended flora, all of which is clearly catalogued in the vegetation plan. It is assumed that not all specimens of trees will thrive, and it is recommended that 120% new trees be planted (20% going to plants that do not take).

In the present day there is an increasing awareness of the need for zones arranged for pets, and it is useful for citizens to have parts that are fenced off for playing and for dog walking (noise, danger of bites and so on). The isolation of this park from the remainder of Gezi has one more functional benefit. The presence of dogs, and their habits have a deleterious and destructive effect on the roots and trunks of trees, and so it is advisable to have a special part defined for them alone.

EXISTING / NEW VEGETATION

URBAN GARDEN

According to the plan, the landscape will eventually have 2000 trees, the objective being to elevate greenery density and to create a dense urban park to become the lungs of the neighbourhood and to reduce CO2. The shade area of Parquare will be increased, rows of trees along the edges of the project area will be introduced, and new trees will mainly be planted to the south of Gezi and in dotted fashion within the individual islands in the grid. There will also be inserts of new trees within the newly built structure to the west as well.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

It is positioned on the eastern side of Gezi Park and is defined by the educational beds with decorative effects (with lines of blooms and low shrubbery). Colourful decoration is reduced in the park as a whole, but this little zone in the vicinity of the children’s playgrounds is left, more as a venue at which children can learn the importance of planting and the possibilities of interacting with plants so that one day, when they too have the occasion to choose trees to plant in Parquare, they will have an understanding of how the whole process works.

11 / 56

InOut811

VEGETATION PLAN A 1–3

HYBRID PLANE Platanus acerifolia

H 1–2

NARROW-LEAFED ASH Fraxinus angustifolia

TREE OF HEAVEN Ailanthus altissima

DWARF MOCK ORANGE Pittosporum tobira ‘Nana’

GENERAL RATIO TREES (90%) — Platanus x acerifolia (50%), Fraxinus angustifolia (40%), Ailanthus altissima (10%) // GROUND LAYER (10%) — Pittosporum tobira ‘Nana’ (80%), Allium caeruleum (20%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a group of shrubs obstructing the view from the park. Finished layout consists of a uniform group of high trees across the section opening the view in and from the park. The trees are more pronounced in the northern part offering seating in the shade in contrast to the more open southern area. Conservation of a Ailanthus specimen tree with an addition of a few other ones in the eastern part for compositional play. Usage of low littering trees in terms of the seating programs underneath. A uniform bed of mock orange and alliums on the eastern part in a sloped bed separating the seating area from the traffic lanes. No shrubs present.

1–3

SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA Magnolia grandiflora

EVERGREEN OAK Quercus ilex

SILVER LIME Tilia tomentosa

JUDAS TREE Cercis siliquastrum

C 1–3

PRIVET Ligustrum ovalifolium

COMMON YEW Taxus baccata

OAKLEAF HYDRANGEA Hydrangea quercifolia

GENERAL RATIO TREES (85%) — Magnolia grandiflora (30%), Tilia tomentosa (20%), Acer negundo (20%), solitaire mix (Ligustrum ovalifolium, Fraxinus excelsior, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus orientalis, Picea glauca ‘Conica’, Quercus ilex) (30%) // SHRUBS (15%) — Taxus baccata (75%), Hydrangea quercifolia (25%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Conservation of the existing high tree mixture in terms of the picnic function. Small groups of shrubs in the western part of the plot creating a barrier to the wall and small spaces for reading with a backdrop.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

HAIR GRASS Deschampsia caespitosa

LADY’S MANTLE Alchemilla mollis

1–4

ITALIAN CYPRESS Cupressus sempervirens

ATLAS CEDAR Cedrus atlantica

BAY LAUREL Laurus nobilis

ENGLISH LAUREL Prunus laurocerasus

ROSEMARY HEDGE Rosmarinus officinalis

GENERAL RATIO TREES (90%) — Platanus orientalis (40%), Quercus ilex (20%), Tilia tomentosa (10%), Cupressus sempervirens (10%), solitaire mix (Laurus nobilis, Cedrus atlantica, Aesculus hippocastanum, Pittosporum tobira, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Morus alba, Cupressocyparis leylandii, Sophora japonica, Acer negundo, Prunus nigra ‘Pisardii’) (20%) // SHRUBS (10%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (80%), Prunus laurocerasus (20%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and the ones intersecting with fitness inventory. Space characterized by high trees only with no shrubs and ground layer due to the fitness and dog-walking functions. An exception to the rule are the strong line of rosemary hedge to the pedestrian walkway (enforced by a hidden fence) which strongly separates the park users with the pedestrians and smaller target groups of english laurel shrubs which hide certain points and programs. All plant material highly resistant to casual usage and dog urine components; easy maintenance.

ORIENTAL PLANE Platanus orientalis

DAYLILY Hemerocallis fulva

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Both spaces have functions to create barriers which separate the park program users (fitness and playgrounds) with the passers by and are also at a focal point from many point of the park and the nearby hotel. Conservation of existing high trees. Lower layers made from decorative daylily perennial mixes and enriched with shrubs to hide certain points and view openings. The hammock space has a rosemary hedge separating the users from the street to the north.

RED TIP PHOTINIA Photinia ‘Red Robin’

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Finished layout consists mainly of a group of high evergreen trees across the section opening the view in and from the park and enabling the usage of the space for picnic uses. Various tree specimens are conserved. Conservation of a few well developed Photinia shrubs. No ground layer plants present.

PURPLE SMOKE TREE Cotinus ‘Royal Purple’

GENERAL RATIO TREES (60%) — Platanus orientalis (30%), Tilia rubra (30%), Acer negundo (20%), solitaire mix (Acer pseudoplatanus, Pittosporum tobira, Platanus acerifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus ilex, Chamaerops excelsa- 20%) // SHRUBS (10%) — Taxus baccata (20%), Cotinus coggygria ‘Young Lady’ (40%), Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’ (40%) // GROUND LAYER (30%) — Hemerocallis mix (60%), Deschampsia caespitosa (20%), Alchemilla mollis (20%)

GENERAL RATIO TREES (95%) — Magnolia grandiflora (50%), Quercus ilex (20%), Tilia tomentosa (10%), solitaire mix (Ligustrum ovalifolium, Cupressus arizonica, Acer negundo, Taxus baccata, Platanus orientalis, Platanus x acerifolia, Cedrus deodara (20%) // SHRUBS (5%) — Photinia x fraserii ‘Red Robin’ (100%)

BOXELDER Acer negundo

CHUSAN PALM Chamaerops excelsa

ORNAMENTAL ONION Allium caeruleum

1–6

TURKISH PINE Pinus brutia

WHITE MULBERRY Morus alba

WEEPING MULBERRY Morus nigra ‘Pendula’

BLUE CYPRESS Cupressus arizonica

HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera nitida

GENERAL RATIO TREES (90%) — Pinus brutia (50%), Ailanthus altissima (10%), Fraxinus excelsior (10%), Acer negundo (10%), solitaire mix (Magnolia grandiflora, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Cupressus sempervirens, Morus alba, Morus nigra ‘Pendula’, Tilia tomentosa, Pittosporum tobira, Cupressus arizonica, Cercis siliquastrum, Acer campestre) (20%) // GROUND LAYER (10%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (80%), Lonicera nitida (20%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Function of the space (mainly for pedestrian walkthroughs) supported by openness of the space with no shrubs or ground layer for added visibility . Conservation of existing tree mixes with a rosemary hedge as a barrier to the road that doesn’t obstruct the view. Traffic green islands enhanced with Cercis and Acer campestre trees and with a uniform honeysuckle groundcover for easy maintenance.

12 / 56

InOut811

VEGETATION PLAN D 1–3

HORSE CHESTNUT Aesculus hippocastanum

K 1–2

PAGODA TREE Sophora jap. ‘Pendula’

BLACK PLUM Prunus nigra ‘Pisardii’

SMOKE TREE Cotinus coggygria ‘Grace’

ABELIA Abelia x grandiflora

GENERAL RATIO TREES (85%) — Platanus orientalis (50%), Tilia tomentosa (20%), Prunus nigra ‘Pisardii’ (10%), solitaire mix (Acer negundo, Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’, Sophora japonica, Aesculus hippocastanum, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Quercus robur) (20%) // SHRUBS (5%) — Abelia x grandiflora (40%), Cotinus coggygria ‘Grace’ (30%), Spiraea japonica (30%) // GROUND LAYER (10%) — Pittosporum tobira ‘Nana’ (80%), Allium caeruleum (20%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and shrubs intercepting with the playground equipment and making the space not safe for children due to visibility. Conservation of the mixed tree planting scheme. A uniform bed of mock orange and alliums on the eastern part in a sloped bed separating the users area from the traffic lanes with the addition of a rosemary hedge to the side of the park. Solitaire shrubs with different textures for play enhancement but away from the play area for enhanced visibility.

1–3

CRAPE MYRTLE Lagerstroemia indica

CREEPING ROSEMARY Rosmarinus ‘Prostratus’

FEATHER GRASS Stipa tenuissima

YARROW Achillea clypeolata

FLOWERING SAGE Salvia verticillata

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Relocation of crape myrtle trees from the park fountain section to the bed stripes. Gallery atriums are kept plain with existing high trees in three species being the only plant material so there is an empty open space for the art display. The bed stripes section is layered as an aromatic perennial section offering summer shade and pockets of natural planting for the users of the space to enjoy. The low growing myrtle trees are positioned here so they don’t overpower the scale of the space from the pedestrian view on the lower level. No shrubs present.

G 1–3

APRICOT TREE Prunus armeniaca

WHITE JASMINE Jasminum officinale

ROCKROSE Cistus x pulverulentus

ORIENTAL POPPY Papaver orientale

GENERAL RATIO TREES (60%) — Prunus serrulata (30%), Ficus carica (20%), Fraxinus excelsior (10%), Cupressus sempervirens (10%), solitaire mix (Acer negundo, Pinus brutia, Cercis siliquastrum, Morus alba, Tilia tomentosa, Prunus armeniaca, Cedrus deodara, Lagerstroemia indica, Prunus cerasifera, Sophora japonica, Catalpa bignonioides, Ligustrum japonicum) (30%) // SHRUBS (10%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (80%), Cistus x pulverulentus (10%), Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’ (10%) // GROUND LAYER (30%) — flowering prairie mix (Achillea spp., Stipa spp., Salvia nemorosa, Papaver spp., Centaurea spp., Phlomis spp., Carex spp., Festuca spp., Miscanthus spp., Pennisetum spp., Dianthus spp., Rudbeckia spp., Coreopsis spp., Anthemis spp. Digitalis spp.) (100%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a few specific pine trees to stop soil aciditation for ground planting. Conservation of most of the existing trees which feature a large variety of fruit and flowering trees. First out of the three botanical sections with beds themed to a flowering prairie which are positioned on parts with no shade. Beds contain perennial material that doesn’t reach a height of over 1m ensuring open views. Volumes that hug integrated user programs (like the pergola with the white jasmine vine around the teatrino).

RED OAK Quercus rubra

FIG TREE Ficus carica

1–3

SPRING TAMARICE Tamarix tetranda

COMMON SAGE Salvia officinalis

COMMON WORMWOOD Artemisia absintium

ENGLISH LAVENDER Lavandula officinalis

POT MARJORAM Origanum vulgare

GENERAL RATIO TREES (60%) — Pinus brutia (40%), Tamarix tetranda (10%), Tilia tomentosa (20%), solitaire mix (Ailanthus altissima, Prunus cerasifera, Cupressus sempervirens, Acer negundo, Eriobotrya japonica, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Thuja orientalis, Cupressus arizonica, Ficus carica) (30%) // SHRUBS (10%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (80%), Elaeagnus x ebbingei (10%), Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’ (10%) // GROUND LAYER (30%) — mediterranean aromatic mix (Lavandula spp., Salvia spp, Origanum spp., Mentha spp., Thymus spp., Artemisia spp., Foeniculum spp., Melissa spp., Helychrisum spp., Santolina spp., Geranium spp., Phlox spp., Perovskia spp., Myrthus spp., Allium spp., Rosmarinus spp.) (100%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a few specific pine trees to stop soil aciditation for ground planting. Conservation of most of the existing trees which feature a large variety of fruit and flowering trees. Second out of the three botanical sections with beds themed to a mediterranean aromatic garden which are positioned on parts with no shade. Beds contain perennial material that doesn’t reach a height of over 1m ensuring open views. Protective hedging greenery along the road to the east.

M 1–2

FIELD MAPLE Acer campestre

YEW TOPIARY GLOBES Taxus baccata

SACRED BAMBOO Nandina domestica

IRISH IVY Hedera hibernica

GENERAL RATIO TREES (80%) — Quercus rubra (70%), Acer campestre (30%) // SHRUBS (10%) — Taxus baccata (40%), Nandina domestica (60%) // GROUND LAYER (10%) — Hedera hibernica (100%) DESCRIPTION Rrelocation of existing shrubs from the Ataturk monument section. Conservation of existing linear planting of oak trees in the pedestrian section. The food cart section is enriched by evergreen beds consisting of yew, sacred bamboo and ivy creating separation of pedestrian lanes and pockets of outdoor restaurant space with decidious shade tree canopies. The main meeting point on the square, between the monument and the mosque, now offers shade for the seating program beneath with leaves going away in the colder months. All selected species selected for easy maintenance and city conditions.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

BUTCHER’S BROOM Ruscus hypoglossum

JAPAN. WINDFLOWER Anemone x hybrida

PLANTAIN LILY Hosta sp.

SOLOMON’S SEAL Polygonatum odoratum

SHIELD FERN Polystichum setiferum

GENERAL RATIO TREES (80%) — Pinus brutia (50%), Populus nigra (10%), Mors alba (10%), Platanus orientalis (10%), solitaire mix (Nerium oleander, Cedrus deodara, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Ficus carica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus dulcis, Prunus cerasifera, Acer negundo, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Juglans regia, Cercis siliquastrum, Tilia tomentosa) (20%) // SHRUBS (5%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (100%) // GROUND LAYER (15%) — semishade mix (Ruscus spp., Liriope muscari, Anemone spp., Hosta spp., Polygonatum spp., Polystichum spp., Dryopteris spp., Astrantia spp., Asarum spp., Acanthus spp., Epimedium spp., Azalea spp., Hellebrous spp., Paeonia spp.) (100%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a few specific pine trees to stop soil aciditation for ground planting. Conservation of most of the existing trees which feature a large variety of evergreen trees. Third out of the three botanical sections with beds themed to a semi-shaded garden which are positioned on parts along the paths and under the tree canopies. Beds contain perennial material that doesn’t reach a height of over 1 m ensuring open views. Protective hedging greenery along the road to the north.

13 / 56

InOut811

MOVEMENT HEATMAP

140% 130% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40%

NOW

30% 20% 10% 0%

6:00 PM

5:00 PM

live congestion

5:00 AM 8:00 AM

12:00 PM

previous week’s congestion

6:00 PM 9:00 PM

5:00 AM 8:00 AM

12:00 pM

average congestion in 2019

For the whole of the section of Siraselviler Street that runs from Taksim Square 800 m to the south it is proposed to introduce a zone of calmed traffic, with the emplacement of devices for traffic calming (speed bumps, narrowing the carriageway and so on) and the construction of cycling infrastructure. This presumes a two-way urban bicycle trail. The road should be one-way only, and our suggestion is that parking places be removed. The space acquired would be turned into pedestrian zones done at the level of the carriageway and yet separated from it by traffic separation devices (bollards, rubber separators and so on). It would be desirable in this section to introduce a ban on private vehicle traffic, i.e., enable traffic only for public transport and delivery vehicles.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

14 / 56

InOut811

TRAFFIC CONCEPT

C bus

bus

TAXI

bus/taxi terminal

bus bus

bus terminal

pedestrian area

bus

one way street

bicycle stands

shared space

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

reduced car lanes

BIKE

DT2

256, DT

3 Asker Ocağı

Recep Paşa

Taksim

D/E

4 T, 1 9 7 ,

2 Mete / Miralay Şeﬁkbey

M M

TRAM

METRO 1 İnönü

37T,

129 , T 9 4 48T, , T K 38

BUS TERMINAL

Traffic concept — A total prohibition of traffic across Taksim Square refers to taxis, buses and minibuses, with the exception of emergency vehicles. Because of the significant amount of traffic and the fact that this is a main square and in the centre of the city, it is proposed that there be a significant introduction of cycle infrastructure to enable the sustainable development of bicycle traffic and to encourage the local population and tourists to use this sustainable mode of transportation. The development of a bicycle trail the whole of the western side of Taksim Square is proposed. In the whole area of the city, the introduction of a system of public bicycles is suggested, the station for which could be on Taksim Square. These bicycles to use could be electric, to facilitate movement up steep streets (streets that go from the Bosporus to Taksim Square). Bicycle stations should be developed at sites shown

Taksim Urban Design Competition

6 3

BICYCLE STATION

on the map above. In the square area, racks for private bicycles should be added; they should be functional and enable bicycles to be securely locked. In the Inönü Street section that starts at Taksim Square, over a length of 280 m in the south-east direction, it is proposed that the thoroughfare be rebuilt by exactly determining the spaces for pedestrian, cycle and road traffic. In the existing situation, the road has sufficient width and the potential to become a green link between Square and Old City. Recommendation for work on the road is the use of the approach in which pedestrian and cycle traffic has the right of way over road traffic (located in the centre and at the side, as in the example of the Avinguda Diagonal of Barcelona).

15 / 56

InOut811

TRAFFIC SCENARIOS BUS/TAXI TERMINAL

SSHHAA RREDED SPSAPA CECE

In the project area there are important bus lines that are not well organised. The development of intermodal terminals is proposed; here passengers will alight and board, and buses should be banned from stopping at places outside the terminals. In conjunction with the reduction of private vehicle traffic, taxis can continue to ply routes along the remaining thoroughfares, with the stops that do not put at risk the safety of others participating in the traffic. A quite large taxi rank can be placed in the area of alongside the bus terminal.

BIKBEIKE

TAXTAXI I

BUBSUS

ROO MMEETTR

BUBSUS

BIKBEIKE

SHARED SPACE

BIKE BIKE TAX TAXI I BUS BUS BUS BUS

SHSAH RAERDED SPSAPA CECE

RETORO T E M M

Mete Street, in that part from the roundabout where it crosses with Siraselviler and Inönü streets for a length of about 275 m to the north could be completely closed for road traffic. The facilities that are located on the eastern side of this section could have a pedestrian access from the side of Tak-INITNETE RR sim Square, while vehicle connection would SESCETCI TI ONON be possible from Kütüphane Street. Access to the facilities of Atatürk Kültür Merkezi can be provided from Kültür Street and Miralay Sefikbey Street. The northern part of Mete Street has enough pedestrian surfaces that can be retained in their present form.

BBUUSS

BBIKIKEE

BBUUSS

NEW INTERSECTION

SHA SH RED ARED SPA SPA CE CE

ROMETRO T E M

BUSBU S BIKEBIKE

BUSBUS

INTINE TE RSRECSEC TIOTINON

The Asker Ocağı, Taşkışla and Mete Streets intersection needs to be totally reconstructed. In the current form there is not enough pedestrian surface at the crossing in the area of the pedestrian islands, which puts the safety of pedestrians at risk. Because the intersection has enough space for rerouting the carriageway and the creation of pedestrian islands, it is necessary to enlarge the pedestrian island of the eastern intersection approach so that a larger number of pedestrians can be there. In that case a pedestrian zone can be created and it would be connected with the facilities that lie to the north of Asker Ocağı Street.

Additional recommendations — Preparation of a micro-level multimodal transport model — which will enable a better understanding of traffic flows and create the possibility for the testing of measures in order to be able to assess their effects in the wider area. Draw up a study of the situation in the space — through field research which covers transit through the streets it is possible to detect all the details important for the traffic context of the project and that cannot be discerned in photographs. Conduct a simulation of the measures — making use of the micro-level multimodal traffic model the proposed measures need to be tested for their effect to be defined. Pursuant to the results, it is possible to fine-tune the measures to obtain the maximum effect from them. Make a detailed analysis of the trajectories of vehicles, taking into consideration buses, trucks and all similar large vehicles. This analysis will allow the testing of the possibility of the transit of vehicles through intersections and around bends, the traffic still unfolding safely and without hold-ups for all the participants.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

16 / 56

InOut811

Look-out point with water wall for gathering and views off to the whole of the square, mosque and monument

Accentuated approaches to the park with entry ramps and accompanying cascades of contents

Taksim Urban Design Competition

17â&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;56

InOut811

SITE PLAN bicycle solar power bridge metro schacht water elements / fountain

technoconcrete / pattern waves

pigmented technoconcrete green areas / grass buildings

technoconcrete / grid 3x3m

stabilizer patterns / waves bridge / technoconcrete

technoconcrete existing vegetation

stabilizer

new vegetation street / paths / grid traffic axis linear lighting in floor

pigmented technoconcrete

linear fountaine public lighting urban equipment / benches

green infrastructure

+72.

food truck exhibition panels

bus te rm

inal

playground elements

car / taxi bus

table tenn is

solar bicycl power e dock

entrances

+71.8

+65.

ham

moc ks

+70.

+67.5 0

pavilion exhi bitio gard n en

bus/ ta term xi inal

metro

MATERIALS

entran ce

dog pa +77.7 rk 0

+70.

bicycle solar power

bridge metro schacht water elements / fountain

technoconcrete / pattern waves

fitne ss/yog a

pigmented technoconcrete green areas / grass

bus termin al

+78. 80 spor pavilli ts on

technoconcrete / grid 3x3m

buildings stabilizer

+78. 50

+77.5

patterns / waves

bridge / technoconcrete

technoconcrete

Bosp ho view rus poin t

existing vegetation stabilizer

new vegetation

unde rgroun

d pa sage

street / paths / grid traffic axis

pigmented technoconcrete

linear lighting in floor

strip es of

linear fountaine

+78. 50

multif un

gree nery

ctiona l area +82. 80

urban equipment / benches

hote l

unde rgroun

d pa sage

public lighting green infrastructure

food truck

coffer ed ce iling

exhibition panels

playground elements

island

strip es of

expa

nsion

of tr ees

linea

r light

ing

perfor man

ce ar ea

gree nery

teatrin +77.5 o 0

bridge

+77.2

entrances atriu m of ar +78. 80 t

car / taxi bus

fair ar ea

ar t ex

foun tain

hibitio n

+82. 80 linea r light ing urba n ga rden

bridge

+80.

chill

pavilion

area strip es of

exhi bitio atriu n m LED

scre en

flow ers an d

shar ed spac e

bush es

5,5% +84.

food tr

ucks 5% coffer +82. ed ceiling 80

island

of gr eene ry

sitting

bus termin al area bridge

literat ur gard e en +80. 70

+82.

literat ure +78. atrium 80

relax gard en +81.3 0 coffee sh

exhi bitio pavilio n +80. n 70 ramp

with

linea

+82.

book pavilio n

stairs

play grou nd

r light

ing

kine tic surfac es

publ

ic lig

hting 5%

poss ible

picn ic ar ea +82. 30

info cent er +81.3 0 read ing ga rd

en shar ed spac +80. e 80

teatrin

gree n bi cove red pa ke rking

linea light r ing

2,2%

+82. 80 benc h with linea r lig

kine tic surfac es

gree n terr aces w

hting

+78. 70

casc ades pano rama

view

poin t

/ gree n terr aces

ith be nche s

2,2% teatrin

perfor man exhi ce st bitio ag pop- n/open-m e up fe stival ic/ s

water fall

o / op en-a +82. ir audito riu 00

3,1%

poss ib festiv le stage area als/co ncer ts...

linea light r ing

+80.

80 linea

r foun taine

popup

linea

r foun taine

popup spor ts co ur t

ar t ex

hibitio n area

sitting poss ible

strip es of winte r fair

area

gree nery

AKM

area

entran ce

+81.8

strip es trees of gree ne and benc ry hes

Taks im

Repu bl

ic Mon umen t

metro

poss ible

entran ce curv ed st

area for ex hi

bitio n (cul tural

ructur e+8

cent er) shar ed sp ace

4.80

curv ed st

ructur e

bike

metro lane

entran ce

AKM

hote l entr ance Mak sem

+80.

tram turnar ou last stop nd +78. 90

18â&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;56

Taksim Urban Design Competition

bus stop

InOut811

URBAN EQUIPMENT Education about the park and the plant species is planned to be implemented via the placing of vegetation tags, mostly in the botanical park, and depending on the species that they identify can be divided into tall, with general information, medium for trees, and the lowest for low shrubs and flowers. Planned as an addition to the landscaping of the park are modular waste flower identifiers flower identifiers bins that are dimensioned in terms of size and purpose with respect to how much the given part is frequented (a general info panelmaximum of five modules). general info panel

vegetation identifiers

Two kinds of bench and two kinds of lighting are applied, depending on their location in the park or square. Benches in the park are more solid, made of concrete with wooden strips for seating, while along the edges of the square there are lightly raised practically floating straight-line benches sometimes with solar panels as the seating surfaces. The lighting is upright and high “Peel -or up”gently angled, and “Peelboth - up” are of public bench public bench matte stainless steel, incorporating concrete hardwood LED lighting bodies with solar&panels on the upper surface. public bench

concrete & hardwood public bench

vegetation identifiers

flower identifiers

“Peel - up” public bench

flower identifiers

general info panel

“Peel - up” public bench concrete & hardwood public bench

general info panel

vegetation identifiers

The temporary construction of the pavilions is planned to be light, skeletal, deployed modularly, the dimensions being able to be enlarged or reduced according to need. In parallel the purpose can be changed according to need, depending on the position in the park. The pavilions can be used either as service areas — a space with public hygiene facilities, with a box of park maintenance tools, or for holding the server of the technological wi-fi system of the park. Also in them can be public pop-up programmes, like the public mini-library, zones for sitting and relaxation or a small-sized kiosk. Ultimately, small-scale exhibitions can be held in them, and a screen can be placed on the façade. They can be used as café or confectioner’s, which will activate the larger surrounding zone.

concrete & hardwood public bench

vegetation identifiers

Intelligent street lighting control system Intelligent street lighting control system

organic

plastic

OP E LIB N RA RY

organic

glass

plastic

LED lighting 135 lm / w

solar panel steel pole

RE A OP E LIB N RA RY

SIT

KIO SK TIN

RE A

steel pole

solar panel steel pole

metal LED lighting 135 lm / w

paper glass

KIO SK

plastic

paper

LED lighting 135 lm / w

Intelligent street lighting control system steel pole Intelligent street lighting control system

glass organic

metal

TIN

steel pole

metal

paper

organic

solar panel

steel pole

metal

paper

SIT

solar panel

plastic

steel pole glass

LED lighting 135 lm / w steel pole

OP E LIB N RA RY SIT

TIN

GE RA STO M O RO

TUV A TOIL LET ET

RE A

KIO SK

GE RA STO M O RO

R RVE SE M O RO

TUV A TOIL LET ET

R RVE SE M O RO

SER V ROO ER M STO R ROO AGE M GE RA STO M O RO

AIR

CIN

TUV A TOIL LET ET

R RVE SE M O RO

Taksim Urban Design Competition

19 / 56

InOut811

Activation of green islands of the park for walking / jogging and bridge as diagonal and new pedestrian attraction

Sitting and gathering place in the heart of Gezi Park

Taksim Urban Design Competition

20 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

pigmented technoconcrete

teatrino

performance area

green terraces

panorama viewpoint waterfall feature / fountain

A B

LOOKOUT / STANDS Attention is drawn to the southern part of the park by the floating lookout point with views over the surrounding space, the mosque and the Taksim Republic Monument. Going through the lookout point is an attractive rounded staircase with incorporated stands that serve as platform for lectures, orations or street performances, with a stage setting of cascades in the background. The zone beneath the lookout point is also treated as an extension of the building, with public and cultural contents.

A | B | C | D |

exhibition art display teatrino performance

Taksim Urban Design Competition

21 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

atriums

open platform with urban equipment

food trucks

educational center classrooms movable glass panels

LED screens

PUBLIC GALLERY / LIFELONG LEARNING HUB The only permanent built structure in Parquare rises to the west of the project area and is supposed to host an art gallery for globally important exhibitions, such as the Istanbul Biennial. LED displays for the digital presentation of art are provided for on the facade. In the interior, the space is variable, with moveable glass panels, capable of forming classrooms for the Lifelong Learning Hub (educational workshops, lectures, courses and days-long Science Festivals).

B A | B | C | D |

exhibition interactive panels classroom course

Taksim Urban Design Competition

22 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

greenery

play equipment playground structure coffee / pastry shop

parents’ waiting area

CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND / PICNIC ZONE Islands of greenery on the eastern side of the park are outside the central pedestrian axis and contain places for lingering. Since part of Mete Street has been turned into a pedestrian corridor, this zone of the park has become a safe site on which to place children’s playgrounds and zones for games (with fixed components as well as temporary elements like trampolines). The children’s park is also a high quality picnic zone for families with children. By the playground there is one more lightly-constructed pavilion, with toilets and a confectioner’s.

B A | B | C | D |

trampoline fun area (waves) toilets family area

Taksim Urban Design Competition

23 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

greenery

teatrino

open-air extension of LL hub

green relaxing terraces cascades fountaine / linear water feature

TEATRINO / CASCADES At the interface of square and park stretch highlighted cascades, large stands, as it were, suitable for rest, picnics, for just sitting down or watching events. Part of this tract is imagined as a space with various types of stands and with a water mirror that can unobtrusively isolate this zone, forming an inserted teatrino, the space for an outdoor lifelong learning hub, zones for performances by schools and university lectures (as extensions of nearby educational establishments).

B A | B | C | D |

zen area open auditorium stands performance

Taksim Urban Design Competition

24 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

bridge

mobile shelves path / lighting book pavilion

bench

BOOK PAVILION / POP-UP LIBRARY The park is conceived as not only a space for relaxation and walking but also as an educational zone. Variously purposed and lightly constructed pavilions are inserted from place to place. One of them is intended to be a pop-up library, with mobile shelves and books donated by members of the public. In and around the pavilion, parts of Bookfest and the Beyoğlu Literature Festival can be held, and right alongside it Book Garden Nights for children or poetry evenings can be organised.

A | B | C | D |

literature / relaxing area reading pavilion / library cyclists’ circulation Bookfest / summer fair

Taksim Urban Design Competition

25 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

community garden

educational plates

Atatürk Kitaplığı

urban greenhouse

learning pavilion

BOTANICAL GARDEN / STUDENT GREENERY The whole of the green area around Atatürk Kitaplığı will acquire a clear identity by the space being turned into a botanical garden with the introduction of new plants (suitable for the climate of Istanbul). In the immediate vicinity there are many tertiary education institutions, and it will become a green oasis of rest for the students during the school year, and with its newly introduced pavilions can be used for the various events and celebrations of the student societies. Also envisaged for the park are lectures about the vegetation of Istanbul and Turkey.

B A | B | C | D |

agronomic club urban greenhouse studenty party open-air debate club

Taksim Urban Design Competition

26 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

dog’s park

pigmented pavement

table tennis tables

open fitness / yoga class

polyvalent pavilion

RECREATION PAVILION / FAIR PLATEAU In the part of the park closest to the surrounding existing residential structures, a multipurpose pavilion is planned for local fairs, for the Antiques Festival and for Children’s Week (sales of schoolbooks, exhibition of children’s drawings and so on). In one of the sub-divisions a dog-park will be arranged, and not far off table-tennis tables will be provided for, a pop-up open-air gym, and inside the pavilion it will be possible to have recreational contents for the population, such as yoga and fitness.

B A | B | C | D |

Children’s Week Antiques Festival local Fair public art display

C D

Taksim Urban Design Competition

27 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

multifunctional pavilion urban equipment / flexible and movable arrangement

fountain bridge for pedestrians and cyclists

jogging path

INNER SQUARE / HEART OF THE PARK Although in the vicinity of spacious Taksim Square, Gezi has formed inside it a more intimate square with a temporary multifunctional pavilion with café, a surrounding space for sunbathing, relaxation and for the coffee-drinking ritual. Alongside this pavilion, on a small-sized square, smaller cultural events can be organised, such as a contemporary dance festival, open-air ballet performances, classical music concerts, a city jazz mini-festival or outdoor movie screenings / summer movie nights. The heart of Gezi is activated in this manner.

A | B | C | D |

dance mini stage local musicians scenography movie screening

Taksim Urban Design Competition

28 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

tchnoconcrete pavement in grid 3×3 m food trucks

outdoor tent structure

reflectors

fog and water feature pavement / wave pattern with public lighting

MAIN STAGE / HEART OF THE SQUARE There will be occasional mass events on Taksim: gatherings to celebrate sporting successes, demonstrations in the name of democratic freedom, entertainment events like music festivals, concerts by world musical stars, seeing in New Year and for the location of a winter village. The space is barrier-free, and the occasional pitching of a large tent theatre in which these events can be housed is planned. The whole square becomes the open-air ‘stand’ for the main stage (the surrounding streets can occasionally be the square’s extensions as well).

B A | B | C | D |

rostrum gathering area fair houses open-air ‘stand’

Taksim Urban Design Competition

29 / 56

InOut811

Built-up part of the project area with lifelong learning hub and public gallery

Interior with moveable glass walls, with flexible variations on the organisation of space and possible extensions out towards the atria

Taksim Urban Design Competition

30â&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;56

InOut811

LIFELONG LEARNING HUB / PUBLIC GALLERY

multifunctional area

skylight / coffered ceiling urban equipment, public lighting

sitting area / stripes of greenery

atriums / exhibition, art, literature pedestrian / cyclist bridge

urban garden

panorama viewpoint / long bench / linear lighting / fountain

lifelong learning hub area LED screen display movable panels stairs / storage room toilets atrium with urban equipment / chill area

serpentine / stairs with ramp street performance / area for dance, music, art, gallery, museum... museum exhibition area / art gallery / info panels teatrino

covered street performance area / stage expansion V columns / load bearing structure

metro entrance / escalators

The only fixed building in the project area is planned for the west of Gezi Park, alongside Cumhuriyet Street, sunk in green terrain. The concept stems from the line of features and shops alongside Aya Triada Church in Siraselviler Street, the extension of which goes on precisely across Taksim. However, instead of the chaotic distribution of premises, here there will be a uniformly designed aesthetic for the facade. The permanent indoor spaces contain art galleries and the lifelong learning hub that have inserted atrial gardens, for nature to be present even in the underground parts. The spatial organisation of the whole structure is founded on the numerous glass panels, that are flexible and the positions of which can be rotated, providing the possibility that within one and the same structure, depending on the events calendar, there can be big art events, smaller exhi-

Taksim Urban Design Competition

bitions, seminars for the local population, lectures for citizens of the third age, student presentations and exhibitions of students of art and architecture. The focus is on contents that are useful to the community and the public and that are of an exclusively social character. The glass areas onto the street and the atria already referred to have transparency control technology — at a press of a switch they will become either transparent or milky glass that is merely translucent. An extension of the interior programme is the positioning of LED displays on the western facade to enable presentation of and interaction with the art without necessarily entering the building (a technology in line with the 21st century). And a fifth facade too is activated — the whole of the roof is a platform for sitting and relaxing, movement, the enjoyment of nature and the attractive views.

31 / 56

InOut811

GALLERY / LIFELONG LEARNING HUB 1:500

Taksim Urban Design Competition

32 / 56

InOut811

PROGRAM DIAGRAM

STORAGE

EXHIBITION ART

ATRIUM WC

LIFELONG LEARNING

ATRIUM ATRIUM

HUB

STAGE

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE

Unity of space shift + openness

Merging exterior and interior spaces rotation + intrusion

Islands of content emphasis + connection

SCENARIOS

Taksim Urban Design Competition

33 / 56

InOut811

STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND LOAD ANALYSIS Lookout point / Belvedere slab — One of the attractions in the space, the lookout point, is planned as a practically floating surface of relatively long spans (plan dimensions are assumed to be 38.6 m x 56.8 m). In order to assure the feasibility of the structure, the spans have been bridged with the steel truss structure of a total height of 1 m, placed at the distance of 9 m in the direction parallel with a shorter side of the slab in the ground plan. Each main loadbearing truss is supported by the two pairs of V-shaped piers made of the concrete with a concrete compressive strength class of C40/50. The pier cross-section is chosen to be the same as the cross-section of the bridge piers, rectangular cross-section with dimensions of 40 cm x 100 cm. Compared to Stage 1 of the project, twice as many piers have been brought in, and their orientation has been changed in order to improve the structure’s lateral stability. The truss girders are assumed to be made of structural steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa (S355). The upper and lower belts of the truss have a hollow rectangular cross-section with the outer dimension of 180 mm x 180 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm. The secondary girders, which are placed perpendicular to the main girders, are assumed as a steel Isections (IPE500) with the maximum span length of 9 m. The steel quality of secondary girders is also S355. Structurally, the secondary beams are assumed as continuous girders with a cantilever of the span of 3.95 m at one end. This cantilever is predicted for the edges of the belvedere to remain sufficiently attractive and spatially free of barriers at the border.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

34 / 56

InOut811

STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND LOAD ANALYSIS The diagonal bridge — Planned as an eye-catching pedestrian and cyclist diagonal, the bridge, in its width of 10 m, stretches from opposite parts of Gezi Park over a length of 117 m. Now, as distinct from the Stage 1 version of the bridge, the loadings and deflections have been elaborated in detail. As a result, the final structure of the bridge consists of five spans. In the longitudinal direction the bridge is arched, with a total height of 4.5 m at its apex. The assumed material within the calculation was the structural steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa (S355). The four main girders along the whole length of the bridge (with two additional girders in the first and fifth span) are assumed as HEA800 cross-sections, with a total height of 800 mm. For the lateral loading, the structure acts as a steel truss, which is placed between two main girders. Secondary elements of the truss, which are placed between the main HEA800 girders, are assumed to have a cross-section of SHS 160/160/5 (inclined elements) and IPE300 (transversal elements). For the piers to have the designed V shape, lateral girders with a cross-section HEA600 (with the height of 600 mm) are placed as braces, making a triangle with the piers. The piers itself are assumed to be made of concrete with a concrete compressive strength class of C40/50. The cross-section of the piers is rectangular with the dimensions of 100 cm x 40 cm, and matte metallic cladding is predicted as a concrete cover. The piers are fixed into the ground and articulated with the bridge in the longitudinal direction. The main load-bearing structure of the bridge is immovably connected with the piers and supported with a sliding bearing onto the abutments (i.e., at the ends). Finally, a light wooden cladding for pedestrians to walk on is provided for as a final layer.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

35 / 56

InOut811

URBAN MANAGEMENT

branding & PR

human capital

URBAN REDESIGN

FORMING PARQUARE CORPORATION

STRATEGIC PLANNING

square

FINDING PARTNERSHIPS

REALIZATION AND MAINTENANCE

2 park

financial partners

art & culture partners

democratic forums

community participation

event management

Parquare app

volunteering opportunities Parquare app

PUBLIC - PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS STRATEGY

PARQUARE CORPORATION DEPARTMENTS CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE

PUBLIC - PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS Insuring a sustainable financing system by including the private sector in Taksim revitalization, without relying extensively on the local government's budget.

Keeping the area clean and secure with the help of local community volunteers, nearby schools and corporate groups, all managed with the Parquare app. +20 schools and universities within 2km +1.600 companies in Beyoğlu +12.000 residents around Taksim

Reference examples: Central Park, Bryant Park, Austin Parks, Chicago Park District

İKSV, Beyoğlu Belediyesi Gençlik Merkezi, Beyoğlu Halk Eğitimi Merkezi, Galeri Dirimart

STRATEGIC PARTNERS

Turkcell, Garanti BBVA, Koç Holding, Aygaz

PARK AMBASSADORS

Turkish Airlines, Nike, Adidas, Timaş Yayınları, Iletisim Yayinlari, STAGE performing arts

EVENT SPONSORS

Çaykur, Ahmad Tea, Coca Cola, Starbucks, Kurukahveci Mehmet Efendi

OTHER PARTNERSHIPS

corporation

LOCAL COOPERATION Working closely with the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, namely the Department of Parks, Gardens and Green areas, as well as Culture.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Upgrading the current event offer to achieve a multifunctional and diverse place that welcomes all ages, sexes and cultures throughout the seasons.

Partners which co-create Parquare’s activities and contents, and support its work through joint organization of events and promotion.

Long-term sponsors which contribute financially in exchange for year-round promotional activities, depending on their contract level.

One-time sponsors which finance specific events related to their area of business, to achieve higher brand awareness and sales.

Purely commercial temporary funds inflow unrelated to specific events, such as digital display ads and pop-up commercial activities.

Parquare Corporation — To accompany the urban revitalization process, an upgraded management model will be introduced. Through a newly established not-for-profit organization called PARQUARE corporation the main focus will be attracting long-term investments to achieve financial sustainability, upgrading the current event offer, engaging in community development activities, and creating local volunteering spots in the park’s organization pyramid. With several levels of public-private partnerships and numerous sources of funding, the management will be able to redesign the annual calendar of events, bringing educational, entertaining and commercial projects to life on a weekly basis. A special emphasis will be put on delivering contents for all social groups, as a part of being a multifunctional, diversified and welcoming place for its visitors. A powerful sense of community will be achieved through incorporating the local citizens, organizations and companies into the decision-making process, project implementation and maintenance. The ultimate goal is to overcome fiscal challenges of operating public spaces, while offering a variety of cultural and educational programs to the community.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

36 / 56

InOut811

URBAN MANAGEMENT

Restaraunts and bars rental comissions

Sponsored parts, e.g. outdoor gym

Digital display ads

Official event sponsorships

Underground Dedicated trees and branded wall art flowers planting

Events Education EDU month Botanical courses Art your way workshops Botanical nights Science festival Classes in LLL hubs

SOURCES OF FUNDING Partners will benefit from the increased brand awareness, exposure and familiarity to many local and foreign visitors who pass through the Taksim area on a daily basis.

Temporary brand activation points

Digital ads on escalators

Gift shop revenues

Dedicated pavestone tiles in the park

Children Youth Adults Elders

equal representa�on

F M A M

O N D

ANNUAL CALENDAR OF EVENTS To equalize the visit and usage intensity throughout the year, a variety of educational and entertaining events should be introduced, depending on the season, cultural specifics and on-going local offer.

Current intensity

Expected intensity

evening

D Winter village New Year’s Eve

International foodfest Botanical nights Summer movie nights

Antique festival Science festival

Beyoğlu literature festival Art performances Fireworks over Bosporus Istanbul celebration

Dance festival Biennial art exhibitions Art your way workshops

Bookfest Summer movie nights Jazz music concerts Sweet toothfest

Istanbul Gourmet Fest Summer movie nights Classical music concerts

Active youth week Botanical courses

EDU month

Children week Eco fair

Hello spring events

Winter village

MONTH

day

EVENTS

Park ambassadors annual advertising

Entertainment Winter village Hellospring events Children week Fairs and festivals Active youth week Summer movie nights Music concerts Art exhibitions Istanbul celebration New Year’s Eve ...

Commercial activities Pop-up branded activities Food and beverage offer Digital display advertisement

Year-round weekly classes in the Lifelong learning hubs, smaller art performances and monthly commercial activities at the square, all of which intensify in the winter period.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

37 / 56

InOut811

URBAN MANAGEMENT ParquART

ParquART strategy — PARQUARE will endorse a vision for Istanbul — the City of Art, gathering local and international artists, cultural organizations, educational institutions, private sector and the society, all through its second identity PARQUART. With the growth of Turkish public interest in art and private sector’s increasing contributions to the area, there is a big opportunity for partnering with a variety of art supporters to finance the yearround activities. To make the square a home of culture, parts of the current rich art offer in Istanbul, as well as new projects can be reallocated right to the heart of Beyoğlu district, with the support of many national and global cultural organizations. Besides being introduced through continuous educational workshops, lectures and exhibitions, art will be permanently present in the underground passages and LED screens making PARQUARE the enriching, creative and vibrant part of the city. A special focus will be put on creating a strong bond with the rising generation, particularly young artists who will underpin the future projects and events with the guiding thought: Possibilities for bringing art into the urban landscape are limitless!

Cultural & scientifical activities organization in Turkey

Cultural expenditures in Turkey central government local government private expenditure

*2018

1.5% of the GDP

Turkish and international patrons of the art

Media coverage: BirGün, Sponsors Cumhuriyet, Daily Sabah, Habertürk, NTV, Art Unlimited, The Guide Istanbul, Açık Radyo

Private sector: Vehbi KOC Foundation, Arcelik, Garanti BBVA, Turkcell, Aygay, QNB Finansbank, Turkish Airlines

Government funds

ART & SOCIETY

1,6% *2006

of respondents visited museums or art galleries in the reference month

cultural FINANCING & partners SUPPORT

~70%

visual arts architecture design performance arts

*2010

+25%

Istanbul’s museums 17

public

*2018

private

Visits to the Turkish museums ~40 m. Private museums +23 %

~20 m.

YoY

Public museums 2018

2005

all other 29% specialized design activities 15% *2010

Istanbul’s art organizations

strategy

International contributors 144

participation of Turkish young people (15-29) in total cultural employment higher than any EU country

+37 %

YoY

*2018

Enterprises in the cultural sector

Public supporters: Beyoglu Belediyesi, Istanbul architecture Buyuksehir Belediyesi, Ministry of Culture and 40% Tourism, Go Turkey creative arts, performing arts & entertainment 16%

institutions in Istanbul for art & creative industries

municipalities districts universities ministry private sector

*2009

Formal education

Programs offered by not-for-profit culture and art institutions: SALT, Istanbul Modern, Sakıp Sabancı Museum, Akbank Art Center

Non-formal education

Yeditepe University, KOC University, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul Faculty of Fine Arts Arel University, School of Fine Arts and Design Altinbas University, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University

Higher education

Becoming a meeting point for cultural, social and academic community

Taksim Urban Design Competition

CULTURAL PARTNERS

Contemporary Istanbul ~80.000

EDUCATIONAL PARTNERS

Supporting artistic freedom and expression within a culture society

Foundation for Arts Initiatives, UNESCO International Fund for Cultural Diversity, VIA Art Fund, Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, SPOT contemporary art projects, Summart,... Artcontact Istanbul ~50.000

Bringing art to Parquare

IKSV, Arter, Istanbul Modern, SALT, Pera Museum, Apel Gallery, Dirimart, Elipsis, Galerist, Pi-Artworks, X-ist, Yapi Kredi Cultural Activities, SAHA...

Istanbul Biennial ~440.000 Welcoming global art movers’ exhibitions

Establishing Istanbul, the city of art on the global scene

Istanbul Design Biennial Underground wall art to lighten up the space

LED screens featuring art in all its forms

Attracting national and global art events, partners and visitors

Becoming a pillar for young artists and a strong art scene

38 / 56

InOut811

URBAN SOCIOLOGY

POLITICS: INSTITUTIONALISED delibera�ve argument / nego�a�on

associa�ve debate

bargaining

PARTICIPATION

non-par�cipa�on antagonism

AGONISM

CONSENSUS lobbying

apathy

aliena�on

conﬂict

ignorance

inac�on

exit

direct ac�on revolu�on

INFORMAL

The Sociological aspect — There are two important reasons for the encouragement of a sociological interpretation of this concrete transformation of the city. The first is the idea that a city is a complex system, a social and spatial phenomenon that is shaped by numerous transformations, the interventions into the urban tissue inevitably concerning the community of its citizens. This emphasises the importance of the transformation of public space and its role in the city’s quotidian, as well as the contribution it makes to urban identity. Public space is developed as a space of sociability, which has important social, psychological, ecological, political, economic, symbolic and aesthetic role in the post-industrial city. In brief, openness and accessibility are the main characteristics of good public space. It is the role of public space to enable encounter and communication among diverse social groups, which have different outlooks, experiences and preferences. In the endeavour for an objective so framed to be achieved, contemporary urban practices include participatory processes through which the community is brought together, developed and becomes resistant to the various risks with which contemporary society is faced. The basic objective of the introduction of the participatory process is to democratise decision-making, and to avoid the social conflict that can arise because of the different and often opposing aspirations of the publics linked with urban space. A second reason refers to the specific role of the square, as multiple originating point of the city. The square is the traditional space of the city, in the fullest sense of the expression, looked at historically, it is one of the most resistant of urban institutions, the origin and driver of the development of the urbs. The city is a market place, it is built around the square, observes Max Weber in one of the most complex analyses of the city in classical sociological thinking. Occupying a central place in the structure of the city, it has been powerfully inscribed into its identity as the public space of everyday interaction, exchange and encounter, because of which in the new postmodern paradigm of sustainable city development, it has been endorsed as place of huge developmental potential. In a practical sense, this opens up the opportunity for a reinterpretation of traditional elements, through the affirmation of new values linked with the requirement for social and ecological sustainability, opens up the chance for new and innovative approaches that can upgrade the quality of life as a whole.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

39 / 56

InOut811

SMART APP

Devised so as to link the physical and virtual worlds together, the smart application Parquare App is a platform for participatory public life that enables people to develop the space of the park and the square in concert. Through its numerous options, citizens and tourists, young and old, students and business people can simply explore the history of the park (scanning the QR code or the parts of the Parquare, information being scrolled out at once), can organise their own event (choose a site, reserve it, or check on availability) or register for an existing event. There is also a possibility to volunteer in the maintenance of Parquare and volunteers can apply as individuals, or through schools or companies (team building). With volunteering, they collect points and can earn the opportunity of to organise an event in Parquare without incurring a charge. In addition, via scanning, the application can identify the works of art on temporary display in the park or in a gallery, and the actual users of the platform can on the digital LED screens (wall art) create content that is generated according to the popularity of the hashtags and likes on the Parquare generated from social media. The underlying premise is that the art of the 21st century is communal, that users are also artists. Via the application, citizens can participate in the growth of the park, making the decisions about which trees to plan and when. The app has a map on which it is possible to see where and when new trees have been planted. Also visible is the particular person to whom the tree is dedicated. Citizens can choose a tree species from a tree library. In this way citizens really do participate in the growth and development of Parquare and feel it their own. Currently there are 1,300 trees, and there is the capacity for citizens to plant another 700. In addition to taking part in spatial decision making, citizens can be app members and chat with other people in the community. They can discuss important topics respecting Parquare and register their votes. The app can also be used in the bike-sharing facility, with citizens scanning the QR code to rent a bike.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

40â&#x20AC;&#x2030;/â&#x20AC;&#x2030;56

InOut811

SMART APP

Parquare App — digital platform

Explore the history

Organise events together

Grow the park together — Choose and plant a tree

Art — scan and learn

Taksim Urban Design Competition

41 / 56

InOut811

VISUAL IDENTITY

Visual Identity of Parquare — Eschewing any historicization, any development of a false historical identity, this project proposes a contemporary identity, founded on the spatial characteristics of the new approach, the symbiosis of park and square. Parquare is not mere populist rhetoric, but a physically feasible and present platform of socialisation, gathering and for exercising the right to public life, and is supported by a digital application, as platform for socialisation and connectedness in the 21st century. The urban identity of Parquare has a distinctive logo, which in an abbreviated version is depicted simply as Q. In order to achieve a holistic approach to the presentation of the project, the visual identity is graphically worked out in detail, and used not only in depictions of the spatial concept and the Application but as a means of communication that will further promote the new image of Taksim and Gezi through various aspects of branding. The Parquare visual design will be appliqued to various gadgets, promotional materials and articles for sale — T shirts for volunteers, accreditations / name tags for employees and volunteers at events, roll-up banners, cups, caps, notebooks, cloth bags, ballpoints, water bottles, USB sticks and business cards as well as the distinctive layout for the free Parquare Magazine for tourists, local people and students.

Taksim Urban Design Competition

42 / 56

InOut811

VISUAL IDENTITY

Taksim Urban Design Competition

43 / 56

InOut811

PARQUARE MAGAZINE

A magazine for free distribution is envisaged as an extension of the presentation and promotion of the urban identity of Parquare. Its mission is not only to highlight the new visual and spatial concept of the combination of square and park but also to refer to ongoing and recent cultural events, lectures, concerts, guest appearances by artists or Parquare volunteer actions. This monthly magazine gives additional support to the existing digital application, being used as a platform by which the citizens can receive information in hard copy; this will ensure transparency in reporting about investments and changes to the square, and can be used for additional presentation of all planned programmes and the contents of events inside the square for those who are not digitally oriented — perhaps the older population or those who are transient (tourists).

Taksim Urban Design Competition

44 / 56

InOut811

ENERGY CONCEPT / SUSTAINABILITY

Energy section

NATURE

URBAN EQUIPMENT

TRANSPORTATION

ARCHI TECTURE

H2 urban equipment

pavegen surfaces

cooling system / FC system H2 tanks + battery

PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIA

site boundary

PV system configuration pipe

rain drainage

battery / generator / belt

recycling bins flywheel generator battery

rainwater tank

pay station system map

hot water Pv system: Medium size comercia recuperator compressor Azimut of PV panels: Default (180° evaporator Tilt of PV panels: 30°

waste water

Installed capacity: 380 kWp

Annual averages Total photovoltaic power output and Global tilted irradiation

15-0-20-0

ARCHI TECTURE

75% opacity

497.424

ENERGY

50% 25% opacity opacity

kWh/m2

273,46 t CO /god Monthly averages -119 2

45-3-60-0 inverter disribution board

Total photovoltaic power output 75

loads distribution net winter / summer system

heat exchanger

25.418

grid 70°C 40°C

25°C 18°C

[MWh]

75-5-100-0

MWH per year

heat exchanger CO2 heat pump water to air exchanger air flow 25

za neke manje stvari

0 Jan Fab Mar

Taksim Urban Design Competition

Apr May Jun

45 / 56

Jul Aug S

ATION

InOut811

cial

ENERGY CONCEPT / SUSTAINABILITY Average hourly profiles

0°)°

Total photovoltaic power output [kWh]

Average hourly profiles Total photovoltaic power output [kWh]

639

m2 per year

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

250

125

PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION May

Jun

PV system 250configuration250

Oct

250

Annual 125 averages

125

Nov

Dec

125

Total photovoltaic power output and Global tilted irradiation 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 24 12 24

1639

MWH per year

Average hourly profiles Total photovoltaic power output [kWh]

250

125

497.424

125

Installed capacity: 380 kWp 250 250

250

Oct Nov Dec

Aug

250

0 (180°)° Azimut0 of PV panels: Default 0 0 12 24 12

Tilt of PV panels: 30°

Sep

Jul

125 125 Pv system: Medium size comercial

125

kWh/m2 per year

Jan

Feb

250

125

Monthly averages Monthly averages Total photovoltaic power output 75

250

125

[MWh]

Another important piece of the sustainability puzzle is public transport. Currently a completely separate Mar Apr system, public transport uses diesel fuel as the energy source. Since this is one of the most polluting energy sources, and since almost all of the oil is 250 250 imported, it is obvious that the transition to renewable transport could have many benefits, both in climate change mitigation and in the increase of energy supply security. 125 125 Another benefit would not be visible immediately after the implementation, but could 0play a crucial role 0 in the future. Considering the expected increase in local energy con0 0 12 from 24 12 24renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar energy), sumption intermittent an oversupply of renewable energy could be a problem, as it is in areas with very high Julrenewable energy Aug shares in total energy production, such as California. Instead of cur250tailment of the250 renewable energy production in order to stabilize the grid, a hydrogen system would be able to take the excess electricity, use it to power an electrolyzer and 125 stored for future use in fuel cell electric buses. Not only does this 125produce hydrogen increase the stability of the electrical grid, but such system will offset the diesel fuel 0 emissions to the 0atmosphere, in the amount of 2.37 kg/CO2 per litre. 0

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

250

125

0 Jul Aug Sep

Jun

0 Apr May Jun

250

May

Jan Fab Mar

Considering the necessity to mitigate the climate change effects, as well as the right to energy access as one of the basic human needs and rights, it is obvious that a new and sustainable energy system of the city should be one of the key parts of Istanbul’s movement towards future. Considering Turkey’s natural resources, as well as its long tradition as one of the leaders in world geothermal energy utilization, it is recommended to thoroughly investigate the possibility of deploying a geothermal power plant capable of providing the energy supply system with a significant amount of electrical and heating energy. Heating energy could be utilized in form of district heating, lowering the consumption of energy intense fuels used for heating, such as natural gas or light distilled oil. Electrical energy could be used for various functions, the most significant being an energy source for a highly efficient cooling system that makes use of Istanbul’s geographical location (by utilizing sea or underground brackish water as a ground heat source/ sink for a heat pump system) or the industrial processes that take place in the city (by regenerating industrial waste heat and using it as a heat source for buildings that cannot be connected to the geothermal district heating system.) A medium-scale solar power plant built on the rooftops will reduce energy emissions in the amount of 239 tons of carbon dioxide. Some of this electricity should be used for the implementation of completely renewable energy use in the building, which would lead to an additional estimated 280 tons of CO2 emissions saved on a yearly basis. That is the amount that equals the removal of 60 average road vehicles from the road, or planting almost 13 thousand average trees used as carbon sinks.

Oct Nov Dec

Average hourly profiles

ATION

Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m2]

Oct

Nov

Dec

1000

[MWh/m2]

50 50ow / Loa d (L/(s ·kW)) Cool i ng Fl

Cool i ng Area / Loa d (m²/kW)

0 Hea � ng Loa d Dens i ty (W/m²)

Hea � ng Fl ow Dens i ty (L/(s ·m²)) 25 -50

128,86 6,65

51,6

1000

1000 -50

1000

-100

500

-150

May

Jun

1000

150 100

0 -50

Oct Nov Dec

Taksim Urban Design Competition

-150

500

Sep

1000

500 0

-100

6.46 W/m2

10.76 W/m2

13.99 W/m2

17.22 W/m2

BIM

21.53 w/m2

27.99 W/m2

50 0 -50 -100

-150

1000

500 100

500 0

Oct

Nov

Dec

1000

-50

500

-100 0

500

-150

46 / 56

BIM

21.53 w/m2

27.99 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

High Eff. VAV

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

High Eff. Heat Pump

High Eff. Package System

ASHRAE Package System

BIM

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

ASHRAE VAV

EUI + f (kWh) EUI + f (kWh)

High Eff. VAV

100

150

1000

150

Jul Aug Plug load efficiency

500

1000

500 0

24 -150

Apr

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

-50

1,59

Jul Aug Sep

100

Mar

-100

Apr May Jun

Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m2]

Feb

7,76

-100

150

Jan

17,42

Average hourly profiles

EUI + f (kWh)

Cool i ng Fl ow Dens i ty (L/(s ·m²))

11.84 W/m2

BIM

16.15 w/m2

Cool i ng 100 Loa d Dens i ty (W/m²)

-150

6,473.1

150 20.45 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

Pea k Hea � ngoutput Ai rﬂ ow (L/s ) Total photovoltaic power

Jan Fab Mar

70,903

Pea k Hea � ng Loa d (W)

Monthly averages

100

27,055.9

kWh/m2 per year

-150

6.46 W/m2

1364

Checksums

524,358

Pea k Cool i ng Ai rﬂ ow (L/s )

-150

10.76 W/m2

Direct normal Mairradiation xi mum Cool i ng Ca pa ci ty (W)

-150

High Eff. Package System

-100

HVAC 150

500 0

-100

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

-100

13.99 W/m2

124,307

-50

High Eff. Heat Pump

3.23 W/m2

Annual averages 0 12 24 0

-50

17.22 W/m2

Pea k Cool i ng La tent Loa d (W)

-50

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

500

ASHRAE Package System

500

7.53 W/m2

500

100

BIM

400,051

EUI + f (kWh)

Sep

PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION Oct Nov Dec

1000

Pea k Cool i ng Sens i bl e Loa d (W)

Sep

100

150

21.53 w/m2

150

BIM

100

ASHRAE VAV

EUI + f (kWh)

3.23 W/m2

500

High Eff. VAV

500

Augus t 0 15:00

7.53 W/m2

1000

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

11.84 W/m2

500

Aug

524,358 1000

Pea k Cool i ng Month a nd Hour 0

Jul

Pea k Cool i ng Tota l Loa d (W) 1000 1000 500

High Eff. Package System

Jun

BIM

High Eff. Heat Pump

ASHRAE Package System

May

16.15 w/m2

0 Results 12 24 Calculated

12,207.340

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

500

20.45 W/m2

Vol ume (m³)

500 4,069.114

27.99 W/m2

Reta i l

500

BIM

500 (m²) Area

ASHRAE VAV

Bui l di ng Type

150

7.53 W/m2

1000

11.84 W/m2

Apr

1000

BIM

Mar

1000

16.15 w/m2

Feb

1000

20.45 W/m2

Jan

Inputs

3.23 W/m2

Lighting efficiency

Building Summary

EUI + f (kWh)

Building summary

InOut811

DETAILED CROSS-SECTION OF PARQUARE

+7.00

+5.00 +5.00

+3.00

±0,00

— EXTERIOR TILING technoconcrete cement mortar lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

— SECTION 1: 100

26 cm 4.0 cm 4.0 cm 8.0 cm 10.0 cm

— ASPHALT exterior painted asphalt bituminous base course charged mixture of gravel and sand geotextile compacted soil

27 cm 4.0 cm 8.0 cm 15.0 cm

— ROOF / CURVED STRUCTURE technoconcrete with additives for waterproofing, anchored in concrete slab drainage tape polyester nonwoven felt XPS increased payload synthetic tape with backing felt AB ceiling panel smoothed ceiling underlay

47.2 cm 10.0 cm 1.0 cm 0.2 cm 15.0 cm 0.4 cm 20.0 cm 0.5 cm

— WALL / GROUND smoothed wall surface load bearing wall / concrete multilayer polymer bitumen strips hard boards xps drainage tape embankment of cabbage

28.3 cm 0.5 cm 16.0 cm 0.8 cm 10.0 cm 1.0 cm

— EXTERIOR TILING / PARK technoconcrete cement mortar lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

26 cm 4.0 cm 4.0 cm 8.0 cm 10.0 cm

— STABILIZER / PARK final layer stabilizer 5 cm leveling layer - crushed stone bearing layer - stone chips compacted soil

26 cm 5.0 cm 5.0 cm 30.0 cm

— PAVEGEN KINETIC SURFACE kinetic pavers lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

+5.00

+4.00

+3.00

+0.45 ±0,00

±0,00

ING / PARK

26 cm 4.0 cm 4.0 cm concrete base 8.0 cm ravel 10.0 cm

PARK zer 5 cm ushed stone one chips

+4.00

26 cm 5.0 cm 5.0 cm 30.0 cm

— PAVEGEN KINETIC SURFACE kinetic pavers lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

26 cm 8.0 cm 8.0 cm 10.0 cm

— EXTERIOR TILING / VIEWPOINT Technoconcrete seepage layer synthetic single layer foil smoothed cement screed in the slope reinforced concrete slab coupled in trapezoidal sheet metal C profiles substructure - box profiles in 2 directions concrete slab

Taksim Urban Design Competition

48.6-53.6 cm 8.0 cm 0.8 cm 0.4 cm 10-15.0 cm 10 cm 14 cm 2.4 + 2.4cm 3.0cm

— FLOOR / INTERIOR polyurethane self-leveling coating lightly reinforced cement coating PE foil hardboard MW bitumen strips in 2 layers lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel compacted soil

42.5 cm 0.5 cm 6.0 cm 0.5 cm 10.0 cm 1.0 cm 10.0 cm 15.0 cm

— ATRIUM humus geotextile crushed compacted soil

52 cm 24.0 cm 8.0 cm 20.0 cm

— ROOF / TECHNOCONCRETE technoconcrete layer of gravel drainage tape synthetic single layer tape claims XPS smoothed cement screed in the slope reinforced concrete ceiling slab smoothed ceiling underlay airspace / suspended ceiling plasterboard plates on metal substructure

99.7-104.7 cm 6.0 cm 8.0 cm 1.0 cm 0.4 cm 19.0 cm 15-20.0 cm 20.0 cm 0.5 cm 26.3 cm 2.5 cm

— GREEN ROOF vegetation substrate geotextile drainage-accumulation layer - PEHD tubs filled with expanded clay drainage tape xps synthetic single-layer tapes smoothed cement screed in the slope ab ceiling panel smoothed ceiling underlay airspace of the suspended ceiling plasterboard on a metal substructure

97.5-99.5 cm 18.0 cm 0.5 cm 5.0 cm 1.0 cm 16.0 cm 0.4 cm 4-6.0 cm 20 cm 26.3 cm 2.5 cm

47 / 56

InOut811

FIRE ESCAPE PLAN Fire protection / evacuation — The overall fire load of the building can be supposed to be up to 1000 MJ/m2, that is, within the boundaries of a low fire load. Access for fire fighting vehicles is provided from Cumhuriyet Cd. which passes by the north west of the plot in question. Intervention areas will be positioned alongside the north-west facade of the exhibition centre. The exhibition centre is a ground floor building and has an exit provided directly onto the ground via several double doors on the western, northern and southern facades. Since the building is expected to hold more than 50 people, the door(s) in the multifunctional hall have to be equipped with push bars in line with EN 179 and/or EN 1125 standards. The load bearing construction is of reinforced concrete that is fire resistant for 90 minutes. The usual means of protection are provided for in the building, that is, an internal hydrant network and devices for initial fire extinguishing with devices for initial extinguishing. As an additional measure, because there might possibly be a larger number of people inside (in excess of 1000), the installation of a sprinkler system and a fire alarm with a smoke extractor is provided for.

0 30 R1

550

R7 50

R7 550

0 30

LEGEND / FIRE PROTECTION

storage

Fire sector 1 | 1300 m2

Taksim Urban Design Competition

EN 179

35m

glass folding doors

40m

35m

EN 179 15m

toilets

EN 179

30m

EN 179

15m

Fire sector 2 | 1150 m2

S3 Fire sector 3 | 1000 m2

30m

EN 179 EN 179 glass facade

EN 179

30m

EN 179

S4 Fire sector 4 | 800 m2

15m

EN 179 EN 179

EN 179

area for operational work of firefighting vehicles / 100 kN, 5,5 x 11m fire truck access main evacuation exits panic lighting evacuation directions fire sectors internal hydrant network automatic fire detector sprinkler instalation fire extinguisher for initial fire S6, S9 fire extinguisher for initial fire CO25 exit door equipped with a system of locks and fittings accroding to EN 1125 or EN179 exit sliding door equipped with a system of locks for evacuation exits smoke and heat exhaust device

stage

S5 Fire sector 5 | 1000 m2

48 / 56

InOut811

DRAINAGE PLAN

existing sewage system

Qmax225

Qmax225 Qmax225 Qmax225

Qmax225

DN 400 mm

new sewage system

H H

DN 400 mm

LEGEND / DRAINAGE SYSTEM H Qmax225 DN 400 mm

external hydrant network linear drainage grid Qmax225 sewage system DN 400mm new shaft drain

DETAIL / Qmax 225 1%

EXTERIOR TILING technoconcrete cement mortar lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil Qmax polyethylene pipes 225 concrete lining of the drain C32 / 40 (MB40)

drenaža

Taksim Urban Design Competition

29 69

DRAIN 1 — located at an 8 cm lower elevation than the existing one — the elevation of the ground floor on that part so that they change directions of precipitation drainage falls — collects water from 1850 m2 of the area of the Square — the slit is of the Brickslot type with 1 cm wide zinc — an opening for collecting rainwater

49 / 56

InOut811

InOut811 1930-1950 1930-1950 1983-2010 1983-2010 PHASE DIAGRAMS — YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW 1930-1950 1930-1950 1930-1950 1983-2010 1983-2010 1983-2010 1930 – 1950

1983 – 2010

2020 +

GENESIS

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

Origin of the square / Inauguration of the park — The first steps towards the modern Taksim were started when the Republic Monument was unveiled in 1928. Over the years, additional urban plans were made, the crucial one being that of Henri Prost, who devised the plan for Gezi Park in 1940 (built). Built within the compass of square and park to the west was a whole new zone of residential structures with a markedly perpendicular grid. Also started apart from the major planning solutions was the construction of the first hotels, of which over the course of time there were to be more in this zone.

Expansion of the zone, pedestrianisation — Over the next 50 years, the development of the square was to be marked by emphatic construction along the edges (the Atatürk Cultural Centre, several big new hotels and so on). Also launched were the infrastructure projects of the building of Tarlabaşı Blv. and the pedestrianisation of the area. In 2013 there was a surge of protests because of the felling of trees and attempts to rebuild the barracks (which did not happen). The last building on the square was the great mosque, and a new AKM is now underway (with references to the historical structure).

Square, park and paths — The area of the brief has large dimensions, and in order to make sure it can be built, it is proposed it be attempted in phases. In the first phase the emphasis would be on the preparation of the basic infrastructure (water, electricity, geothermal water), paving of the square, the main paths and strips for pedestrians, as well as landscaping all the main green islands in the square (except to the north west). Also, to be built are the pedestrian fingers towards surrounding streets and context.

Gallery, bridge and attractions — The second phase begins with the execution of the most demanding layer of the project, which is particularly accentuated by the building of the large gallery space /lifelong learning hub to the west. The only large new architectural feature in the Parquare, the building is inserted unobtrusively into the park and is additionally lightened by the perforation of the atrium. Also to be built are the other attractions in the project area that will additionally enhance the quality.

Bridge 2 and Botanical Park — In the last phase, when the consolidation of the fundamental area of Parquare has been carried out — peripheral finishing touches are planned. The biggest operation is the formation of a botanical garden in the north east, a zone programmed for relaxation in nature and for learning about the vegetation of Istanbul and Turkey as a whole. A new long bridge to the botanical garden is planned, and the renovation of the existing bridge to the north.

DIAGRAMS OF THE WIDER CONTEXT

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

USERS IMPACT

EDUCATION AND CULTURE

The system of green oases — A contemporary system of bridge constructions has been devised, acknowledging the existing bridges to the north of the project area (across Kadirgalar Cd.) and with reference to historical bridges like the Gezi Park Pedestrian Bridge (designed and built by Henri BRIDGES BRIDGES EXISTING BRIDGES Prost in 1949 EXISTING butEXISTING demolished in 2013), forming an unbroken continuity of greenery and creating PROPOSED PROPOSED BRIDGES BRIDGES PROPOSED BRIDGES an Istanbul macro-landscape in the shape of green infrastructure. GREENERY GREENERY GREENERY

Distribution of the programme according to gravitation — analysis of the project area and the context shows the prevailing grouping of students as users of the structures to the east of the competition zone, the dominant inflow of local inhabitants (from the residential buildings) from the west, with tourists naturally present from all directions, but STUDENTS STUDENTS STUDENTS more distinctly via the strong pedestrian tracts from south and north. LOCALS In consequence, the features are grouped for LOCALS LOCALS these threeTOURISTS prominent groups. TOURISTS TOURISTS

Purpose of structures of the surroundings — in view of the analysis of user impact, the new open air parts / features within Parquare are very well apportioned, with the emphasis on education and culture as the dominant focal points of the reprogramming of Taksim Square and Gezi Park. In view of the existence of the large number EDUCATION features EDUCATIONalready in the surroundings, the only ofEDUCATION necessary major architectural intervention into the project area is the CULTURAL, CULTURAL, ARTS, ARTS, CULTURAL, ENTERTAINMENT, ENTERTAINMENT, ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATIONAL RECREATIONAL RECREATIONAL AND SPORTS SPORTS ACTIVITIES AND ACTIVITIES SPORTS ACTIVITIES tract of publicAND gallery / lifelong learning hub.

STUDENTS

EDUcaTioN

ProPoSED briDgES

localS

cUlTUral, arTS, ENTErTaiNMENT, rEcrEaTioNal aND SPorTS acTiViTiES

grEENEry

ToUriSTS

ExiSTiNg briDgES

POINTS OF IDENTITY

PARK

URBAN STRATEGIES

SULTANAHMED SQ.

PARK + SQUARE

UNIFICATION + BANDS

FOCAL POINTS

PARQUARE — To date, the square and the park have been handled as two close but distinct areas (emphasised in the different height levels). They have been the subjects of separate competitions, layouts, phases and approaches to urban design. We are, then, designing a space that will have a single and united identity, beginning as coexistence of park and square. We have branded it as the first urban design typology that integrates the two, the park and the square — the parquare. Some of the great squares of the world have parks as adjuncts, as separate, isolated zones (Trafalgar Square and Hyde Park, Times Square and Central Park) but in this design we are providing integration and complementation.

Strategy of unification and bands — instead of the previous fragmentariness, the space begins to be handled integrally on the square and by being grouped into linear bands within the park. The great undefined space of the square (acquired after the historical banning of traffic) is now handled with a single formal language and freed of all vertical barriers, the sharp boundaries between Taksim and Gezi Park are done away with, the Park gradually coming down to the square level in great slopes and cascades, while grouped lines of programmes are implemented in the park.

Attractions — circles, the acknowledged dominant formal emblem of the current square, circles that are a fomal element of the memory of the space, will become by further multiplication the epicentres of events in the whole of Parquare. The new circles are spaces of vertical communications, key focal points for big events, new contents, attractions for tourists or else covered spaces for bicycle parking. The landmarks are distributed according to the number of paths, the volume of pedestrian traffic and the number of intersections, and are located in zones in which the most intensive use is predicted. Activation points are additionally illuminated and are pronouncedly material as compared with the rest of Parquare.

SQUARE

21st CENTURY

TACTILE OCTOPUS

BUILT UP DISTRICT

A contemporary place for the 21st century — For the new Parquare to be positioned in the city in relation to the other great square — Sultanahmet (with its two historical mosques)— the emphasis is placed here on its contemporaneity, in parallel with a respect for and retention of some modern spatial points (fountain and monument). It will become the focal point of the city of the 21st century — for both its contemporary manner of using the space and the introduction of genuinely new technologies/applications.

Strategy of a tactile octopus — with its tentacles, that is, its passages of bridges and underpasses, Parquare reaches into the surrounding spaces that will now form a great integrated network of public spaces and create a continuity, and all the parts covered are activated so they should not be abandoned, remaining a part of the city that is neglected and run down.

Permanent / temporary — along the western edge of Gezi Park, development is planned to be sunken so as not to dominate the park, but still enabling interaction of the zone of the park and of the street and additionally thereby eliding the current split into totally separated spaces. Now strung all along Cumhuriyet Street will be art galleries, spaces of lifelong learning hub and a whole run of ramps and steps that enable a direct access to the park. Thus the development will be not only a space for commerce but an activator of the street and a link between nature and the city urban tissue, and to an extent the memory of the space of the historical barracks whose facades were turned to this side of Gezi Park. All that is introduced into the park is the light structure of a multipurpose pavilion, to be occupied by such features as a café, an open mini-library or the necessary hygiene facilities.

PLACE AS PLATFORM

ISLANDS OF REPROGRAMMING

LINES OF MOVEMENT

PARKQUARE

Physical and Digital Platform — We propose the newly devised space as platform liberated from its previous spatial barriers, now enabling large free gatherings. Parquare will become a physical platform for socialising and for the practice of public life. In parallel we propose the making of a digital application via which it will be possible to book parts of the park for socialising, organisation of events, open-air teaching, mini-theatrical events and concerts. Parquare will thus become a platform for inclusive, democratic and participatory public life. There are particularly many young people in Istanbul, the average age being below 25. They have grown up in the time of vigorous globalisation and the age of the internet and using the application will not present them with any problems. They will find it easy to look upon the square as a platform for the exercise of their civil rights and for interpersonal coordination through the virtual world.

2000 TREES Space of 2000 trees, 200 paths, 20 attractions — Parquare plans to retain the maximum of the existing natural part, introducing new paths and points of attraction to encourage users to use it intensively. In this way nature is not only preserved, but curated, an integral part of the planned improvements. At the same time, Parquare wants to create the feeling that the citizens are really participating in the growth and development of Taksim and Gezi Park, feeling it their own, making the decisions about it. We propose that zones or islands of the park be left, within which, in time, the inhabitants of Istanbul will be able to plant trees of their own (1300 > 2000). Total participation is enabled — the citizens will themselves make decisions about which trees to plant and when, and so not everything will be defined in advance by the decision of architects or city administrators. Istanbul is in permanent want of green oases, and this approach allows for the creation of the muchlonged-for nature within the dense texture of the city.

Parquare as a new spatially uninterrupted whole k

Taksim Urban Design Competition

SPATIAL LAYERS

Strategy of islands and reprogramming — the existing high-quality points are preserved as green (square) and attracting (circular) islands. New islands of the archipelago with inserted contents are introduced as circular focal points that will become a part of the activation of the space. In this way the problem of the lack of contents is settled, for the newly injected programmes / circles are evenly distributed over the whole of the space, are designed in such a way as to involve all parts of society and for the activation of zones with no contents, often felt to be insecure if unprovided with programmes.

Different types of paths — currently there are tracks within Gezi Park and the pedestrian zone on the square, but without any clear directions of movement and frustrated by a mass of barriers. Strong indications of direction that create a density of pedestrian and bicycle traffic are proposed, emphasising the importance of the movement of users of the square. New lines of bicycle lanes, pedestrian paths, and bridge links. The basic division of lines of movement is into flat, strong strips, diagonal flat accents in the area with bridges (as continuation of the thrust of Tarlabasi Blv.) and opens up spaces of the square that provide freedom of movement and gathering. Movement through the park is made more feasible and accessible now with emphasised ramps, facilitating the use of public spaces by persons with special needs.

InOut811

InOut811 SITE PLAN 1:2000 P 30

VEGETATION PLAN P 34

P 100

1–3

1–2

LANDSCAPE ZONES

com mun

P 1056

ity park

P 17 HYBRID PLANE Platanus acerifolia

P 137

n ree e n of g dg bri nsio cture exte astru infr

d bri

J4 J4

P 20

tree alley

urba n unive gard rsity them ens pa rk at gard ic ens gree n terra ces strip es of gree nery

1–4

ITALIAN CYPRESS Cupressus sempervirens

VEGETATION PLAN

ATLAS CEDAR Cedrus atlantica

isla

gree pock n ets

BAY nds of gree LAUREL nery Laurus nobilis

bota ni gard cal en atriu

ENGLISH urba n ROSEMARY unive LAUREL gard HEDGE rsity them ens Rosmarinus park Prunus at gard ic laurocerasus officinalis en

ca, Acer negundo, Prunus nigra ‘Pisardii’) (20%) // SHRUBS (10%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (80%), Prunus laurocerasus (20%)

1–6

ity park

BOXELDER Acer negundo

BP ructur e

P 25

ORIENTAL PLANE Platanus orientalis

PRIVET Ligustrum ovalifolium

gree pock n ets

island COMMON YEW s Taxus gree of baccata nery

atriu

OAKLEAF HYDRANGEA urban gard Hydrangea them ens quercifolia atic

gard ens gree n GENERAL RATIO terrac es TREES (85%) — Magnolia grandiflora (30%), Tilia tomentosa (20%), Acer negundo (20%), solitaire mix (Ligustrum ovalifolium, Fraxinus excelsior, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Liquidambar styraciflua, strip Picea treePlatanus orientalis, es of alleyquercifolia glauca ‘Conica’, Quercus ilex) (30%) // SHRUBS (15%) — Taxus baccata (75%), Hydrangea gree (25%) nery

P tion. Small groups of shrubs in the western part of the plot creating a barrier to the wall and small spaces 25for reading with a backdrop.

P 885

TRAM

H C B D A

L K

EXISTING / NEW VEGETATION bota ni gard cal en

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Conservation of the existing high tree mixture in terms of the picnic func-

T BP

G G

M J

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and the ones intersecting with fitness inventory. Space characterized by high trees only with no shrubs and ground layer due to the fitness and dog-walking functions. An exception to the rule are the strong line of rosemary hedge to the pedestrian walkway (enforced by a hidden fence) which strongly separates the park users with the pedestrians and smaller target groups of english laurel shrubs which hide certain points and programs. All plant material highly resistant to casual usage and dog urine components; easy maintenance.

com mun

teatrin

curv ed st

s gree n terra ces GENERAL RATIO strip TREES (90%) — Platanus orientalis (40%), Quercus ilextre (20%), es of(10%), Cupressus sempere alleTilia tomentosa grhippocastanum, y virens (10%), solitaire mix (Laurus nobilis, Cedrus atlantica, Aesculus Pittosporum tobieene ry leylandii, Sophora japonira, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Morus alba, Cupressocyparis

1–3

G1 Taks im Repu Mon blic umen t

atriu

pano ra viewp ma oint

P 165

gree pock n ets island s gree of nery

P 150

D1 o

RED TIP PHOTINIA Photinia ‘Red Robin’

bicyc park le ing

JUDAS TREE Cercis siliquastrum

P 30

teatrin

SILVER LIME Tilia tomentosa

C2 G3

EVERGREEN OAK Quercus ilex

H1 B3

1–3

SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA Magnolia grandiflora

BP ge

LADY’S MANTLE Alchemilla mollis

ity park

foun tain

HAIR GRASS Deschampsia caespitosa

com mun

DAYLILY Hemerocallis fulva

PURPLE SMOKE TREE Cotinus ‘Royal Purple’

Although Parquare is a distinct whole, in the sense of the landscape, the-I H matic green zones do appear within it, smaller sub-parks that have diverse contents and programmes and that are intended for different G E users. H C be The big zone in the north east will B D a botanical garden that has a role as the greenery of theGuniversity, mainly A for students. Pockets and stretches of trees are planned in Gezi at the edges, G while in the interior there are sequences of more clearly thematised islands.

B4 T

CHUSAN PALM Chamaerops excelsa

ORNAMENTAL ONION Allium caeruleum

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a group of shrubs obstructing the view from the park. Finished layout consists of a uniform group of high trees across the section opening the view in and from the park. The trees are more pronounced in the northern part offering seating in the shade in contrast to the more open southern area. Conservation of a Ailanthus specimen tree with an addition of a few other ones in the eastern part for compositional play. Usage of low littering trees in terms of the seating programs underneath. A uniform P bed of mock orange and alliums on the eastern part in a sloped bed separating the seating area from the traffic350 lanes. No shrubs present.

bike station

DWARF MOCK ORANGE Pittosporum tobira ‘Nana’

GENERAL RATIO TREES (90%) — Platanus x acerifolia (50%), Fraxinus angustifolia (40%), Ailanthus altissima (10%) // GROUND LAYER (10%) — Pittosporum tobira ‘Nana’ (80%), Allium caeruleum (20%)

P 400

TREE OF HEAVEN Ailanthus altissima

P 160

NARROW-LEAFED ASH Fraxinus angustifolia

bota ni gard cal en

TURKISH univPINE ersity Pinus parkbrutia

WHITE MULBERRY Morus alba

WEEPING MULBERRY G Morus nigra ‘Pendula’

BLUE H CYPRESS Cupressus Barizonica D

M J

L HONEYSUCKLE KLonicera nitida

A GENERAL RATIO TREES (90%) — Pinus brutia (50%), Ailanthus altissima (10%), Fraxinus excelsior (10%), Acer negundo (10%), solitaire mix (Magnolia grandiflora, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Cupressus sempervirens, Morus alba, Morus niG gra ‘Pendula’, Tilia tomentosa, Pittosporum tobira, Cupressus arizonica, Cercis siliquastrum, Acer campestre) (20%) // GROUND LAYER (10%) — Rosmarinus officinalis (80%), Lonicera nitida (20%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Function of the space (mainly for pedestrian walkthroughs) supported by openness of the space with no shrubs or ground layer for added visibility . Conservation of existing tree mixes with a rosemary hedge as a barrier to the road that doesn’t obstruct the view. Traffic green islands enhanced with Cercis and Acer campestre trees and with a uniform honeysuckle groundcover for easy maintenance.

K2 D 1–3

P 20

K 1–2

VEGETATION TAGS

P 100

pigmented technoconcrete

green infrastructure

buildings

P 50

technoconcrete / waves

water feature

HORSE CHESTNUT Aesculus hippocastanum

P 62

P 35 roads / paths

competition area

tram lane B1 bus terminals 1-5

P parking BP bike parking T taxi terminal A1 - M2 landscape zones

100

BIKBEIKE TAXTAXI I B BUSUS

C bus

TAXI

bus/taxi terminal

bus bus

SSHHAA RREDED SPSAPA CECE

ROO MMEETTR

BUBSUS

BIKBEIKE

bus terminal

bus

shared space

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

BIKE BIKEreduced car lanes TAX TAXI I BUS BUS BUS BUS

SHARED SPACE

SHSAH RAERDED SPSAPA CECE

256, DT1

RORO MEMTET

5 M M

BBIKIKEE

METRO 1

TRAM

KT, T, 38

48T,

RO RO MET MET

BIKEBIKE 5

129 49T,

Square). Bicycle stations should be developed at sites shown on the map below. In the square area, racks for private bicycles should be added; they should be functional and enable bicycles to be securely locked. In the Inönü Street section that starts at Taksim Square, over a length of 280 m in the south-east direction, it is proposed that the thoroughfare be rebuilt by exactly determining the spaces for pedestrian, cycle and road traffic. In the existing situation, the road has sufficient width and the potential to become a green link between Square and Old City. Recommendation for work on the road is the use of the approach in which pedestrian and cycle traffic has the right of way over road traffic (located in the centre and at the side, as in the example of the Avinguda Diagonal of Barcelona).

MOVEMENT HEATMAP

140% 130% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40%

NOW

30% 20% 10%

6:00 PM

5:00 PM

live congestion

5:00 AM 8:00 AM

12:00 PM

previous week’s congestion

Taksim Urban Design Competition

BUSBU S

BUSBUS

INTINE TE RSRECSEC TIOTIO NN

BBUUSS

NEW INTERSECTION

SHA SH R AR 1 ED S ED S PAC PAC E E

3 Asker Ocağı

İnönü

Mete Street, in that part from the roundabout where it crosses with Siraselviler and Inönü streets for a length of about 275 m to the north could be completely closed for road traffic. The facilities that are locat- ININ TETRESRS ed on the eastern side of this secECETCIOTIO tion could have a pedestrian access NN from the side of Taksim Square, while vehicle connection would be possible from Kütüphane Street. Access to the facilities of Atatürk Kültür Merkezi can be provided from Kültür Street and Miralay Sefikbey Street. The northern part of Mete Street has enough pedestrian surfaces that can be retained in their present form.

BIKE

BIKE BIKE TAX TAXI I BUSŞeﬁkbey / 2 Mete BUS Miralay BUS BUS

76D

WHITE JASMINE Jasminum officinale

ROCKROSE Cistus x pulverulentus

ORIENTAL POPPY Papaver orientale

6:00 PM 9:00 PM

5:00 AM 8:00 AM

12:00 pM

average congestion in 2019

moved. The space acquired would be turned into pedestrian zones done at the level of the carriageway and yet separated from it by traffic separation devices (bollards, rubber separators and so on). It would be desirable in this section to introduce a ban on private vehicle traffic, i.e., enable traffic only for public transport and delivery vehicles.

1–3

DOG PARK

CREEPING ROSEMARY Rosmarinus ‘Prostratus’

BUS BUS

INTE INT YARROW Achillea RSEC ERSEclypeolata TION CTIO N

FEATHER GRASS Stipa tenuissima

FLOWERING SAGE Salvia verticillata

GENERAL RATIO TREES (60%) — Platanus orientalis (30%), Platanus x acerifolia (30%), Fraxinus excelsior (20%), Lagerstroemia indica (20%) // GROUND LAYER (40%) — Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Prostratus’ (30%), Stipa tenuissima (20%), Achillea clypeolata (20%), Salvia verticillata (20%), Verbena bonariensis (10%) DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens. Relocation of crape myrtle trees from the park fountain section to the bed stripes. Gallery atriums are kept plain with existing high trees in three species being the only plant material so there is an empty open space for the art display. The bed stripes section is layered as an aromatic perennial section offering summer shade and pockets of natural planting for the users of the space to enjoy. The low growing myrtle trees are positioned here so they don’t overpower the scale of the space from the pedestrian view on the lower level. No shrubs present.

G 1–3

SPRING TAMARICE Tamarix tetranda

COMMON SAGE Salvia officinalis

COMMON WORMWOOD Artemisia absintium

ENGLISH LAVENDER Lavandula officinalis

POT MARJORAM Origanum vulgare

M 1–2

RED OAK Quercus rubra

FIELD MAPLE Acer campestre

YEW TOPIARY GLOBES Taxus baccata

SACRED BAMBOO Nandina domestica

IRISH IVY Hedera hibernica

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a few specific pine trees to stop soil aciditation for ground planting. Conservation of most of the existing trees which feature a large variety of fruit and flowering trees. Second out of the three botanical sections with beds themed to a mediterranean aromatic garden which are positioned on parts with no shade. Beds contain perennial material that doesn’t reach a height of over 1m ensuring open views. Protective hedging greenery along the road to the east.

URBAN GARDEN

BBUUSS

DT2

CRAPE MYRTLE Lagerstroemia indica

one way street

bicycle stands

APRICOT TREE Prunus armeniaca

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and a few specific pine trees to stop soil aciditation for ground planting. Conservation of most of the existing trees which feature a large variety of fruit and flowering trees. First out of the three botanical sections with beds themed to a flowering prairie which are positioned on parts with no shade. Beds contain perennial material that doesn’t reach a height of over 1m ensuring open views. Volumes that hug integrated user programs (like the pergola with the white jasmine vine around the teatrino).

1–3

145

FIG TREE Ficus carica

BUS BUS

pedestrian area

Taksim

ABELIA Abelia x grandiflora

TRAFFIC SCENARIOS

bus

SMOKE TREE Cotinus coggygria ‘Grace’

150 m

BUS/TAXI TERMINAL

T, , 79

BLACK PLUM Prunus nigra ‘Pisardii’

DESCRIPTION Removal of diseased specimens and shrubs intercepting with the playground equipment and making the space not safe for children due to visibility. Conservation of the mixed tree planting scheme. A uniform bed of mock orange and alliums on the eastern part in a sloped bed separating the users area from the traffic lanes with the addition of a rosemary hedge to the side of the park. Solitaire shrubs with different textures for play enhancement but away from the play area for enhanced visibility.

P 15

TRAFFIC CONCEPT

Recep Paşa

PAGODA TREE Sophora jap. ‘Pendula’

BUTCHER’S BROOM Ruscus hypoglossum

JAPAN. WINDFLOWER Anemone x hybrida

PLANTAIN LILY Hosta sp.

SOLOMON’S SEAL Polygonatum odoratum

SHIELD FERN Polystichum setiferum

M J

L K

InOut811

InOut811 flower identifiers

flower identifiers

“Peel - up” public bench

URBAN EQUIPMENT general info panel

general info panel

vegetation identifiers

flower identifiers

concrete & hardwood public bench

“Peel - up” public bench

flower identifiers

general info panel

“Peel - up” public bench concrete & hardwood public bench

general info panel

vegetation identifiers

concrete & hardwood public bench

vegetation identifiers

Intelligent street lighting control system Intelligent street lighting control system

organic

plastic

solar panel

plastic

solar panel

steel pole

metal

steel pole

metal

paper

LED lighting 135 lm / w

paper glass

LED lighting 135 lm / w

Intelligent street lighting control system steel pole Intelligent street lighting control system

glass organic

organic

plastic

solar panel

plastic

steel pole

metal

Education about the park and the plant metal species is planned to be implementpaper ed via the placing of vegetation tags, paper mostly in the botanical park, and depending on the species that they idenglass glasswith genertify can be divided into tall, al information, medium for trees, and the lowest for low shrubs and flowers. Planned as an addition to the landscaping of the park are modular waste bins that are dimensioned in terms of size and purpose with respect to how much the given part is frequented (a maximum of five modules).

steel pole

solar panel steel pole

Two kinds of bench and two kinds of lighting are applied, depending on their LED lighting location in the park or square. Benches 135 lm / w in the park are more solid, made of consteel pole crete with wooden strips for seating, while along the edges of the square there are lightly raised practically floating straight-line benches sometimes with solar panels as the seating surfaces. The lighting is upright and high or gently angled, and both are of matte stainless steel, incorporating LED lighting bodies with solar panels on the upper surface.

+72.

LED lighting 135 lm / w

steel pole

bus ter mi

nal

+71.8

table tenn is

solar bicycl power e dock

+65.

SITT

ING

EA OPE LIBRN AR Y

KIO SK

SITT

ING

ham

OPE LIBRN AR Y

KIO SK

moc ks

+70.

+67.5 0

exhi bitio gard n en

bus/ ta term xi inal

metro

entra nce

dog pa +77.7 rk 0

SERV ROOMER

+70.

STOR ROOMAGE OPE LIBRN AR Y SITT

ING

AG STOR OM RO

OPE

N AI

SERV ROOMER

INEM

TUVA TOILELET T

KIO SK

AG STOR OM RO

RVER SE OM RO

STOR ROOMAGE

fitne ss/yog a

OPE

N AI

INEM

bus termi nal

+78. 80 spor pavil ts lion

TUVA TOILELET T

RVER

SE OM RO

+78. 50

+77.5

Bosp ho viewp rus oint SERV ROOMER STOR ROOMAGE E

AG STOR OM RO

OPE

N AI

unde rgroun

R CI

NEM

d pa sage

TUVA TOILELET T

strip es of

RVER SE OM RO

+78. 50

multif un

gree nery

ctiona l area +82. 80

hote l

unde rgroun

d pa sage

coffe red ce ili

linea

r light

strip es of

expa

islan

d of

nsion

ing

perfo rman

ce ar ea

gree nery

teatrin +77.5 o 0

trees

bridge

+77.2 atriu m of ar +78. 80 t

fair ar ea

ar t ex

foun tain

hibitio n

+82. 80 linea r light ing urba n ga rden

bridge

+80.

chill

area strip es of

shar ed spac e

flowe rs an

d bu shes

exhi bitio atriu n m LED

scre en

5,5% +84.

food tru

cks 5% coffe +82. red ceiling 80

islan

d of

gree nery

bus termi nal

sittin g area bridge

literat ur gard e en +80.7 0

+82.

literat ure +78. atrium 80

relax gard en +81.3 0 coffe e shop exhi bitio n pavil io +80.7 n 0

ramp

with

linea

+82.

book pavil ion

stair s

play grou nd

r light

ing

kine tic surfa ces

publ

ic lig

hting 5%

poss ible

picn ic ar ea +82. 30

info cent er +81.3 0 read ing ga rd

en shar ed spac +80. e 80

teatrin

gree n bi cove red pa ke rking

linea light r ing

2,2%

kine tic surfa ces

benc h

+82. 80 with linea r lig

gree n terra

ces wi th

hting

+78. 70

casc ades pano rama

/ gree n terra

bicycle solar power bridge metro schacht

ces

viewp oint

benc hes

2,2%

wate rfall

water elements / fountain

teatrin

perfo exhi rmance bitio stag pop- n/open-m e up fe stiva ic/ ls

o / op en-a +82. ir audito riu 00

technoconcrete / pattern waves

pigmented technoconcrete

green areas / grass

3,1%

buildings

technoconcrete / grid 3x3m

stabilizer

poss ib festiva le stage area ls/co ncer ts...

patterns / waves technoconcrete

bridge / technoconcrete

existing vegetation

linea light r ing

new vegetation

+80.

stabilizer

street / paths / grid traffic axis

linea

linear lighting in floor

r foun taine

pigmented technoconcrete

linear fountaine public lighting urban equipment / benches

popup

linea

r foun taine

popup spor ts co ur t

ar t ex

hibitio n area

food truck exhibition panels

sittin g area

poss ible

strip es of wint er fa

playground elements

gree nery

AKM

ir area

entrances

entra nce

car / taxi bus

+81.8

strip es trees of gree ne and benc ry hes

Taks im

Repu bl

ic Mon umen t

metro

poss ible

entra nce curv ed st

area for ex hi

bitio n (cul tural

ructur e+8

pavilion

cent er) shar ed sp ace

4.80

curv ed st

ructur e

bike

MATERIALS metro

lane

entra nce bicycle solar power bridge

AKM

metro schacht water elements / fountain

technoconcrete / pattern waves

pigmented technoconcrete green areas / grass

hote l entra

buildings

nce

technoconcrete / grid 3x3m

stabilizer patterns / waves

Mak sem

+80.

technoconcrete

bridge / technoconcrete

existing vegetation

tram

turnar ou last stop nd

new vegetation

+78. 90

stabilizer

street / paths / grid traffic axis linear lighting in floor

pigmented technoconcrete

linear fountaine public lighting urban equipment / benches

bus stop

green infrastructure

food truck exhibition panels

SITE PLAN 1:500 S

Taksim Urban Design Competition

playground elements entrances car25 / taxi bus

pavilion

50 m

green infrastructure

InOut811

InOut811 v Activation of green islands of the park for walking / jogging and bridge as diagonal and new pedestrian attraction

PARQUARE SCENARIOS

greenery pigmented technoconcrete dog’s park teatrino

performance area

pigmented pavement

teatrino

A green terraces

table tennis tables

open-air extension of LL hub

open fitness / yoga class

green relaxing terraces cascades

panorama viewpoint

polyvalent pavilion

fountaine / linear water feature

waterfall feature / fountain

TEATRINO / CASCADES

RECREATION PAVILION / FAIR PLATEAU

At the interface of square and park stretch highlighted cascades, large stands, as it were, suitable for rest, picnics, for just sitting down or watching events. Part of this tract is imagined as a space with various types of stands and with a water mirror that can unobtrusively isolate this zone, forming an inserted teatrino, the space for an outdoor lifelong learning hub, zones for performances by schools and university lectures (as extensions of nearby educational establishments).

A — exhibition B — art display C — teatrino D — performance

A — zen area B — open auditorium C — stands D — performance

In the part of the park closest to the surrounding existing residential structures, a multipurpose pavilion is planned for local fairs, for the Antiques Festival and for Children’s Week (sales of schoolbooks, exhibition of children’s drawings and so on). In one of the sub-divisions a dog-park will be arranged, and not far off table-tennis tables will be provided for, a pop-up open-air gym, and inside the pavilion it will be possible to have recreational contents for the population, such as yoga and fitness.

C D

A — Children’s Week B — Antiques Festival C — local Fair D — public art display

D D

atriums

multifunctional pavilion

bridge

open platform with urban equipment

urban equipment / flexible and movable arrangement

food trucks

mobile shelves

educational center classrooms

bridge for pedestrians and cyclists

path / lighting

book pavilion

movable glass panels

fountain

jogging path

LED screens bench

PUBLIC GALLERY / LIFELONG LEARNING HUB

The only permanent built structure in Parquare rises to the west of the project area and is supposed to host an art gallery for globally important exhibitions, such as the Istanbul Biennial. LED displays for the digital presentation of art are provided for on the facade. In the interior, the space is variable, with moveable glass panels, capable of forming classrooms for the Lifelong Learning Hub (educational workshops, lectures, courses and days-long Science Festivals).

A — exhibition B — interactive panels C — classroom D — course

BOOK PAVILION / POP-UP LIBRARY

INNER SQUARE / HEART OF THE PARK

The park is conceived as not only a space for relaxation and walking but also as an educational zone. Variously purposed and lightly constructed pavilions are inserted from place to place. One of them is intended to be a pop-up library, with mobile shelves and books donated by members of the public. In and around the pavilion, parts of Bookfest and the Beyoğlu Literature Festival can be held, and right alongside it Book Garden Nights for children or poetry evenings can be organised.

Although in the vicinity of spacious Taksim Square, Gezi has formed inside it a more intimate square with a temporary multifunctional pavilion with café, a surrounding space for sunbathing, relaxation and for the coffee-drinking ritual. Alongside this pavilion, on a small-sized square, smaller cultural events can be organised, such as a contemporary dance festival, open-air ballet performances, classical music concerts, a city jazz mini-festival or outdoor movie screenings / summer movie nights. The heart of Gezi is activated in this manner.

A — literature / relaxing area B — reading pavilion / library C — cyclists’ circulation D — Bookfest / summer fair

greenery

technoconcrete pavement in grid 3×3 m

play equipment

coffee / pastry shop

B learning pavilion

CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND / PICNIC ZONE

A — trampoline B — fun area (waves) C — toilets D — family area

reflectors

parents’ waiting area

Islands of greenery on the eastern side of the park are outside the central pedestrian axis and contain places for lingering. Since part of Mete Street has been turned into a pedestrian corridor, this zone of the park has become a safe site on which to place children’s playgrounds and zones for games (with fixed components as well as temporary elements like trampolines). The children’s park is also a high quality picnic zone for families with children. By the playground there is one more lightly-constructed pavilion, with toilets and a confectioner’s.

outdoor tent structure

Atatürk Kitaplığı urban greenhouse

fog and water feature pavement / wave pattern with public lighting

BOTANICAL GARDEN / STUDENT GREENERY

MAIN STAGE / HEART OF THE SQUARE

The whole of the green area around Atatürk Kitaplığı will acquire a clear identity by the space being turned into a botanical garden with the introduction of new plants (suitable for the climate of Istanbul). In the immediate vicinity there are many tertiary education institutions, and it will become a green oasis of rest for the students during the school year, and with its newly introduced pavilions can be used for the various events and celebrations of the student societies. Also envisaged for the park are lectures about the vegetation of Istanbul and Turkey.

There will be occasional mass events on Taksim: gatherings to celebrate sporting successes, demonstrations in the name of democratic freedom, entertainment events like music festivals, concerts by world musical stars, seeing in New Year and for the location of a winter village. The space is barrier-free, and the occasional pitching of a large tent theatre in which these events can be housed is planned. The whole square becomes the open-air ‘stand’ for the main stage (the surrounding streets can occasionally be the square’s extensions as well).

A — agronomic club B — urban greenhouse C — studenty party D — open-air debate club

food trucks

educational plates

playground structure

A — dance mini stage B — local musicians C — scenography D — movie screening

community garden

A — rostrum B — gathering area C — fair houses D — open-air ‘stand’

D D

Sitting and gathering place in the heart of Gezi Park k

Taksim Urban Design Competition

InOut811 Built-up part of the project area with lifelong learning hub and public gallery k

DETAILED CROSS-SECTION OF PARQUARE

+7.00

+5.00

+4.00

+3.00 +3.00

+0.45 ±0,00

±0,00

— EXTERIOR TILING technoconcrete cement mortar lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

— SECTION 1: 100

— ASPHALT exterior painted asphalt bituminous base course charged mixture of gravel and sand geotextile compacted soil

26 cm 4.0 cm 4.0 cm 8.0 cm 10.0 cm

27 cm 4.0 cm 8.0 cm 15.0 cm

47.2 cm

— WALL / GROUND smoothed wall surface load bearing wall / concrete multilayer polymer bitumen strips hard boards xps drainage tape embankment of cabbage

10.0 cm 1.0 cm 0.2 cm 15.0 cm 0.4 cm 20.0 cm 0.5 cm

28.3 cm 0.5 cm 16.0 cm 0.8 cm 10.0 cm 1.0 cm

— EXTERIOR TILING / PARK technoconcrete cement mortar lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

26 cm 4.0 cm 4.0 cm 8.0 cm 10.0 cm

— STABILIZER / PARK final layer stabilizer 5 cm leveling layer - crushed stone bearing layer - stone chips compacted soil

26 cm 5.0 cm 5.0 cm 30.0 cm

— PAVEGEN KINETIC SURFACE kinetic pavers lightly reinforced concrete base charged coarse gravel geotextile compacted soil

315

BIM

225

180

135

270

ENERGY CONCEPT / SUSTAINABILITY

Average hourly profiles

Tilt of PV panels: 30°

[MWh]

site boundary

[MWh]

150

Jan Fab Mar

Average hourly profiles Total photovoltaic power output [kWh]

Dec

Apr May Jun

Jul Aug Sep

Mar

250

125

Feb

Mar

250

125

250 125

125250

Jun

Jul

250

125

125 250

Sep

Nov 0

24Aug 250

Dec

125

250

125

Oct Nov Dec

0 125 0

125

Building summary

250 125

Jul

Aug

250

Nov

Dec

250

125

Oct

250

125 250

0 1250

Oct

Oct Nov 250 Dec

0125 0

Sep

24 Apr

Jun

0 125 0

May

Jul 250Aug Sep

May

Apr

125

Pea k Cool i ng Ai rﬂ ow (L/s )

1364 0

Dec

kWh/m2 per year Pea k Hea � ng Loa d (W)

27,055.9

1000

6,473.1

500

Total photovoltaic power output Checksums

Cool i ng Loa d Dens i ty (W/m²)

Cool i ng Fl ow Dens i ty (L/(s ·m²)) Cool i ng Fl ow / Loa d (L/(s ·kW)) Cool i ng Area / Loa d (m²/kW)

Hea � ng Loa d Dens i ty (W/m²)

Average hourly profiles

51,6 7,76

Mar

Apr

1000

500

Mar

1000 500

500 Jul 1000

500

500Aug Sep Jul 0

Jan Fab Mar

Apr May Jun

Jul Aug Sep

Oct Nov Dec

Oct

Nov 500 1000 500

1000

500

0 0 1000

Jul

Aug

1000

500

Oct

0 10000

0 1000 0

Sep

1000

Dec500

500

Nov

Dec

1000

500

1000

0 Apr May Jun

Aug500

500 Dec Oct Nov

1000

Jan Fab Mar

Jun

0 10000

1000

The diagonal bridge — Planned as an eye-catching pedestrian and cyclist diagonal, the bridge, in its width of 10 m, stretches from opposite parts of Gezi Park over a length of 117 m. Now, as distinct from the Stage 1 version of the bridge, the loadings and deflections have been elaborated in detail. As a result, the final structure of the bridge consists of five spans. In the longitudinal direction the bridge is arched, with a total height of 4.5 m at its apex. The assumed material within the calculation was the structural steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa (S355). The four main girders along the whole length of the bridge (with two additional girders in the first and fifth span) are assumed as HEA800 cross-sections, with a total height of 800 mm. For the lateral loading, the structure acts as a steel truss, which is placed between two main girders. Secondary elements of the truss, which are placed between the main HEA800 girders, are assumed to have a cross-section of SHS 160/160/5 (inclined elements) and IPE300 (transversal elements). For the piers to have the designed V shape, lateral girders with a cross-section HEA600 (with the height of 600 mm) are placed as braces, making a triangle with the piers. The piers itself are assumed to be made of concrete with a concrete compressive strength class of C40/50. The cross-section of the piers is rectangular with the dimensions of 100 cm x 40 cm, and matte metallic cladding is predicted as a concrete cover. The piers are fixed into the ground and articulated with the bridge in the longitudinal direction. The main load-bearing structure of the bridge is immovably connected with the piers and supported with a sliding bearing onto the abutments (i.e., at the ends). Finally, a light wooden cladding for pedestrians to walk on is provided for as a final layer.

500

1000

500

Apr

May

Jun

Sep

Feb

1000

500

1,59

Jan

1000

17,42

500

Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m2]

Feb

128,86 6,65

May 1000

Hea � ng Fl ow Dens i ty (L/(s ·m²))

70,903

Jan

Pea k Hea � ng Ai rﬂ ow (L/s ) Monthly averages

0 500

0 0

-50 -50

-100

-100 -100

-150

-150 -150

Surface Coverage

-150

Payback Limit

Surface Coverage

Payback Limit

14-inch ICF

R13+R10 Metal

14-inch ICF 12.25 - inch SIP

BIM

R13+R10 Metal R38 Wood

12.25 - inch SIP

R38 Wood R23 Wood

100

BIM R2 CMU

R23 R13 WoodMetal

R2 CMU Uninsulated

R13 Metal

EUI + f (kWh) Uninsulated

150

Wall Construction

-100

-150

Window Shades - East Window Shades - East -50

15%

30%

40%

50%

65%

15%

30%

40%

50%

65% 15%

BIM (51%) 0%

80% 30%

95% 40%

50%

BIM (51%)

65% EUI + f (kWh)

80%

95%

EUI + f (kWh)

15%

30%

0% 40%

BIM (38%)

15% 50%

50%

40% 95%

30% 65%

15%

30%

40%

BIM (57%)

65%

80%

95%

EUI + f (kWh)

BIM (27%)

30%

40%

65%

80%

50%

-150 WWR - Eastern Walls

WWR - Eastern Walls

WWR - Eastern Walls -50

WWR - Eastern Walls

15%

30%

40%

50%

65% 15%

80% 30%

IM (57%)

100

95% 40%

150

50%

BIM (57%)

WWR 100 - Eastern Walls

65% UI + f (kWh)

WWR - Eastern Walls

150 80%

EUI + f (kWh)

-150

30%

BIM (27%) 65%

80%30%

50%

100

95%40%

80%

WWR 100 - Eastern Walls

150

95%

-100

WWR - Eastern Walls

150 95%

EUI + f (kWh)

-150

2/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

1/3 Win Height

2/3 Win Height

1/4 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

BIM

1/6 Win Height

100

WWR - Eastern Walls

-100

IM (27%)

150

1/3 Win Height

Window Shades - West 100

1/4 Win Height

EUI + f (kWh)

Window Shades - West 1/6 Win Height

150

BIM

EUI + f (kWh)

2/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

2/3 Win Height 1/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height 1/4 Win Height

1/3 Win Height 1/6 Win Height

-150

-100

-150

-150 WWR - Eastern Walls

v Interior with moveable glass walls, with flexible variations on the organisation of space and possible extensions out towards the atria

-50

-100

EUI + f (kWh) 65%

100

1/4 WinBIM Height

150

Window Shades - South 100

-50

Window Shades - West

-100

Window Shades - South 1/6 Win Height

150

EUI + f (kWh) BIM

-150

Window Shades - South EUI + f (kWh)

Trp LoE

BIM

Trp LoE

BIM

Dbl LoE

Dbl Clr

Dbl LoE

Dbl Clr

Sgl Clr

EUI + f (kWh)

100

-100

100

-50

Window Glass South

100

-100

-150

Window Shades - North

150

-50

-100

Window Glass South

Window 100 Glass Types - South

-50

Window Shades - North

150

100 - Eastern Walls WWR

40%

-150

-50

150

100

-150

WWR - Eastern Walls

150

50%15%

Taksim Urban Design Competition 0 Window Glass Types - North Window Glass Types - North

-150

WWR - Eastern Walls

150 95%

EUI + f (kWh)

-50

2/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

-50

1/3 Win Height

100

1/4 Win Height

BIM

EUI + f (kWh)

50 WWR - Eastern Walls

15%

-100

-150

150 1/6 Win Height

-50

2/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

1/3 Win Height

-50

1/4 Win Height

-100

-150

100

1/6 Win Height

-50

50 Window Shades - West

100

-100

BIM (38%) 80%

100 - Eastern Walls WWR

EUI + f (kWh) 65%

150

80%

WWR - Eastern Walls

150 95%

WWR - Eastern Walls EUI + f (kWh)

-150

2/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

1/3 Win Height

2/3 Win Height

1/4 Win Height

BIM

1/2 Win Height

100

-100

1/6 Win Height

100 Window Shades - North

150 1/3 Win Height

150

1/4 Win Height

2/3 Win Height

-150

150 BIM

EUI + f (kWh)

Trp LoE

BIM

Dbl LoE

Dbl Clr

-50

-100

EUI + f (kWh)

-50

50%

150

-50

50 Window Shades - South

1/2 Win Height

100 100 Window Shades - East

Window Shades - North Window Shades - North

-100

150 2/3 Win Height 1/3 Win Height

150

1/2 Win Win Height 1/4 Height

-150

1/3 Win Height 1/6 Height

EUI + f (kWh)

Trp LoE

Dbl LoE

Trp LoE

BIM

Dbl LoE

Dbl Clr

BIM

Sgl Clr

Dbl Clr

100 - North 100 Window Glass Types

Window Shades - East Window Shades - East

-100

BIM 1/4 Win Height

150 Sgl Clr

EUI + f (kWh)

150

BIM

-50

EUI + f (kWh)

-50

Window Glass North Window Glass North

1/6 Win Height

EUI + f (kWh)

1/6 Win Height

Wall Construction Wall Construction

EUI + BIM f (kWh)

-150

BIM (51%)

100

50 50

-150

80%

95%

EUI + f (kWh)

15%

30%

40%

50%

65%

80%

95%

150

100

15%

WWR - Eastern Walls

150 BIM (38%)

-100

WWR - Eastern Walls EUI + f (kWh)

2/3 Win Height

1/2 Win Height

1/3 Win Height

100

1/4 Win Height

BIM

EUI + f (kWh)

2/3 Win Height

1/4 Win Height

100

1/2 Win Height

150

EUI + f (kWh)

Trp LoE

Dbl LoE

BIM

Dbl Clr

-50

1/3 Win Height

Window Shades - North

150 1/6 Win Height

Window Shades - East

BIM

1/6 Win Height

26.3 cm 2.5 cm

Building Summary

Wall Construction

100

5.0 cm 1.0 cm 16.0 cm 0.4 cm 4-6.0 cm 20 cm

6.46 W/m2

10.76 W/m2

BIM

17.22 W/m2

13.99 W/m2

21.53 w/m2

27.99 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

High Eff. VAV

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

High Eff. Package System

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

Feb

250

Jan

6.46 W/m2

13.99 W/m2

10.76 W/m2

BIM

High Eff. Heat Pump

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

ASHRAE Package System

BIM

17.22 W/m2

21.53 w/m2

Jan

[MWh/m2]

6.46 W/m2

90%

75% 90%

-150

ASHRAE VAV

EUI + f (kWh) EUI + f (kWh)

High Eff. VAV

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

High Eff. Heat Pump

High Eff. Package System

ASHRAE Package System

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

BIM

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

BIM

17.22 W/m2

13.99 W/m2

10.76 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

21.53 w/m2

60%

100 Surface Coverage

75%

-100

100

60%

-100 -150

Apr May Jun

1364

0 -50

Panel Efficiency

150

97.5-99.5 cm 18.0 cm 0.5 cm

1364

Annual averages -100 Another important piece of the sustainability puzzle is public trans0 port. Currently a completely separate system, public transport uses dieJan Fab Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Direct normal irradiation -150 fuel as the energy source. Since this is one of the most polluting sel energy sources, and since almost all of the oil is imported, it is obvious that the transition to renewable transport could have many benefits, both in climate change mitigation and in the increase of energy supply security. Another benefit would not be visible immediately after the implementa- kWh/m2 per year tion, but could play a crucial role in the future. Considering the expected increase in local energy consumption from intermittent renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar energy), an oversupply of renewable Monthly averages energy could be a problem, as it is in areas with very high renewable energy shares in total energy production, such as California. InsteadTotal of photovoltaic curpower output tailment of the renewable energy production in order to stabilize the grid, a hydrogen system would be able to take the excess electricity, use it to 75 power an electrolyzer and produce hydrogen stored for future use in fuel cell electric buses. Not only does this increase the stability of the electrical grid, but such system will offset the diesel fuel emissions to the at- 50 mosphere, in the amount of 2.37 kg/CO2 per litre.

PV - Surface Coverage 150

27.99 W/m2

High Eff. VAV

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

High Eff. Heat Pump

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

High Eff. Package System

100

[MWh/m2]

-150

150

ASHRAE Package System

BIM

3.23 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

100

[MWh/m2]

-150

150

27.99 W/m2

3.23 W/m2

BIM

7.53 W/m2

11.84 W/m2

16.15 w/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

20.45 W/m2 ASHRAE VAV

3.23 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

BIM

90%

-150

EUI + f (kWh) 0%

30yr

-150

-100

Panel Efficiency

7.53 W/m2

16.15 w/m2

75%

-100

150 Considering the necessity to mitigate the climate 150 change effects, as well Inputs Average hourly profiles PVofELECTRICITY as the right to energy access as one the basic human AND needs SOLAR and rights,RADIATION l di ngirradiation Type Reta i l DirectBui normal [Wh/m2] it100is obvious that a new and sustainable energy 100 system of the city should be one of the key parts of Istanbul’s movement towards future. ConsiderArea (m²) 4,069.114 Annual averages 50 Turkey’s natural resources, as well as its long ing Vol ume (m³) 12,207.340 50 tradition as one of the leaders in world geothermal energy utilization, it is recommended to thorDirect normal irradiation Calculated Results oughly investigate the possibility of deploying a 0geothermal power plant 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr capable of providing the energy supply system with a significant amount 1000 1000 1000 1000 of could be utilized in form -50electrical and heating energy. Heating energy Pea k Cool i ng Tota l Loa d (W) 524,358 -50 of district heating, lowering the consumption of energy intense fuels kWh/m2 per year 500 500 500 500 used for heating, such as natural gas or light distilled oil. Electrical ener-100 -100 gy could be used for various functions, the most significant being an enAugus t 0 a nd Hour 0 0 0 Pea k Cool i ng Month 15:0012 24 ergy source for a highly efficient cooling system that makes use of Is0 0 0 0 12 24 12 24 12 24 -150 -150 averages tanbul’s geographical location (byMonthly utilizing sea or underground brackish May Jun Jul Aug water as a ground heat source/ sink for a heat pump system) or the inTotal photovoltaic power output i bl e Loa d (W) dustrial processes that take place in the city (by regenerating industrial 1000 Pea k Cool i ng Sens 1000 1000 400,051 1000 150 waste heat and using it as a heat source for 75 buildings that cannot be con500 500 500 500 nected to the geothermal district heating system.) A medium-scale so100 lar power plant built on the rooftops will reduce energy emissions in the Pea k Cool i ng La tent Loa d (W) 124,307 0 0 0 0 PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION amount of 239 tons of carbon dioxide. Some of this electricity should be 0 0 0 0 12 24 12 24 12 24 12 24 50 50 used for the implementation of completely renewable energy use in the building, which would lead to an additional estimated 280 tons of CO2 Sep Oct Nov Dec 0 Annual averages Ma xi mum Cool i ng Ca pa ci ty (W) 524,358 emissions saved on a yearly basis. That is the amount that equals the reAverage hourly 1000 1000 1000 1000 profiles PV13 ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION 25 road, or planting almost moval of 60 average road vehicles from the -50 Direct normal irradiation Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m2] thousand average trees used as carbon sinks. 500 500 500 500

-100

-150

11.84 W/m2

20.45 W/m2

EUI + f (kWh)

60%

0% 7.53 W/m2

11.84 W/m2

BIM

16.15 w/m2

20.45 W/m2

-100

-50

-150

0 -50

-50

-100

[MWh]

270 High Eff. VAV

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

High Eff. Eff. VAV Package System High

HighAC Eff. Heat Pump High Eff. Package Terminal EUI + f (kWh)

20 yr

-100

100

-50

-50 PV - Surface Coverage

-100

14-inch ICF

R13+R10 Metal

BIM

12.25 - inch SIP

-50

25°C 18°C

Jan Fab Mar

150

0 R38 Wood

R2 CMU

100

-50

heat exchanger CO2 heat pump water to air exchanger air flow

Plug load efficiency

R23 Wood

150

100

125

70°C 40°C

1639

grid

-50

150

EUI + f (kWh)

30yr

20 yr Payback Limit

150

250

Lighting efficiency

EUI + f (kWh)

100

Panel Efficiency

Monthly averages

25.418

1639

Total photovoltaic power output kWh/m2 per year

273,46 t CO /god -119

Aug

kWh/m2 per year

Monthly averages

497.424

-50

30yr

EUI + f (kWh)

20.4%

-150

150

the enjoyment of nature and the attractive views. 150

10 yr

-100

18.6%

100

16%

EUI + f (kWh)

100

16%

PV - Panel Efficiency

Total photovoltaic power output [kWh] 125 125

125

MWH per year

Total photovoltaic power output

-150

HVAC Types bitions, seminars for the local population, lectures for citizens of the third age, student presentations and exhibitions of students of art and architecture. The focus is on contents that are useful to the com- 50 munity and the public andHVAC that are of an exclusively social character. Types The glass areas onto the street and the atria already referred to have transparency control technology — at a press of a switch they will be150 come either transparent or milky glass that is merely translucent. An 0 extension of the interior programme is the positioning of LED dis100 plays on the western facade to enable presentation of and interaction with the art without necessarily entering the building (a technology 50 in line with the 21st century). And a fifth facade too is activated — -50 the PV whole of the roof - Payback Limitis a platform for sitting and relaxing, movement,

PV - Payback Limit

20.4%

EUI + f (kWh)

150

250

125

MWH per year

distribution net 65-30-72-11 winter / summer

250

Monthly averages

-100

-150

20 yr

Schedule The onlyOperating fixed building in the project area is planned for the west of Gezi Park, alongside Cumhuriyet Street, sunk in green terrain. The -150 concept stems from the line of features and shops alongside Aya Tri50 ada Church in Siraselviler Street, the extension of which goes on preOperating Schedule cisely across Taksim. However, instead of the chaotic distribution of premises, here there will be a uniformly designed aesthetic for the facade. The permanent indoor spaces contain art galleries and the 0 lifelong learning hub that have inserted atrial gardens, for nature to be present even in the underground parts. The spatial organisation of the whole structure is founded on the numerous glass panels, that are flexible and the positions of which can be rotated, providing the possibility that within one and the -50same structure, depending on the events calendar, there can be big art events, smaller exhi-

250

497.424

Installed capacity: 380 kWp

Annual averages Jan Fab Mar

75-5-100-0

125

Average hourly profiles 250 250

45-3-60-0

HVAC

10 yr

PV - Panel Efficiency

100

125 capacity: 380 kWp 125 Installed

ENERGY

250

Jul

250 Tilt of PV panels: 30°

-100

EUI + f (kWh)

-150

10 yr

20.4%

-150

150

270

315

BIM

0 High Eff. VAV

BIM

-50

-100

Tilt of PV panels: 30°

loads

PV - Surface Coverage

150

EUI + f (kWh)

-100

18.6%

16%

-50

Jun

250

125

0 0 and Global Apr MayTotal Junphotovoltaic Jul Augpower Sep output Oct Nov Dec tilted irradiation

ENERGY

50% 25% opacity opacity

125

0 0 0 0 12 24 12 Pv system: Medium size comercial

hot water 0 0 0 Pv system: Medium size comercial Annual averages 0 0 0 12 24 12 24 recuperator compressor Azimut of PV panels: Default (180°)° Total photovoltaic Global tilted irradiation evaporator Sep power output and Oct Nov

waste water

50% 25% opacity opacity

heat exchanger

metro entrance / escalators

PV - Payback Limit

75% opacity

panorama viewpoint / long bench / linear lighting / fountain

ASHRAE VAV

-50

-100

315

BIM

225

180

135 225

pay station system map

za neke manje stvari

covered street performance area / stage expansion V columns / load bearing structure

High Eff. Package Terminal AC

ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

site boundary

HVAC Types

15-0-20-0

za neke manje stvari system

ASHRAE Heat Pumo High Eff. Package System

100

teatrino

flywheel generator battery

May

PV system configuration

recycling bins

45-3-60-0

ARCHI TECTURE

125

100

Lookout point / Belvedere slab — One of the attractions in the space, the lookout point, is planned as a practically floating surface of relatively long spans (plan dimensions are assumed to be 38.6 m x 56.8 m). In order to assure the feasibility of the structure, the spans have been bridged with the steel truss structure of a total height of 1 m, placed at the distance of 9 m in the direction parallel with a shorter side of the slab in the ground plan. Each main loadbearing truss is supported by the two pairs of V-shaped piers made of the concrete with a concrete compressive strength class of C40/50. The pier cross-section is chosen to be the same as the cross-section of the bridge piers, rectangular cross-section with dimensions of 40 cm x 100 cm. Compared to Stage 1 of the project, twice as many piers have been brought in, and their orientation has been changed in order to improve the structure’s lateral stability. The truss girders are assumed to be made of structural steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa (S355). The upper and lower belts of the truss have a hollow rectangular cross-section with the outer dimension of 180 mm x 180 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm. The secondary girders, which are placed perpendicular to the main girders, are assumed as a steel Isections (IPE500) with the maximum span length of 9 m. The steel quality of secondary girders is also S355. Structurally, the secondary beams are assumed as continuous girders with a cantilever of the span of 3.95 m at one end. This cantilever is predicted for the edges of the belvedere to remain sufficiently attractive and spatially free of barriers at the border.

Apr

PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION Azimut of PV panels: Default (180°)°

inverter disribution board

ASHRAE Package System ASHRAE Package Terminal Heat Pump

-150 museum exhibition area / art gallery / info panels

TRANSPORTATION

Building Orientation (Degrees)

High Eff. Heat Pump

street performance / area for dance, music, art, gallery, museum...

Operating Schedule

150

BIM

EUI + f (kWh)

12/5

BIM

12/6

12/7

24/7

HVAC

-100

serpentine / stairs with ramp

100

ASHRAE VAV

BIM

12/5

12/6

12/7

24/7

EUI + f (kWh)

atrium with urban equipment / chill area

15-0-20-0

urban garden

battery / generator / belt

75% opacity

150

EUI + f (kWh)

-50

150

URBAN EQUIPMENT

rain drainage

125

PV system configuration 0

cooling system / FC system H2 tanks Total + battery photovoltaic power output

Mar

TECTURE

kWh/m2 per year

Building Orientation (Degrees)

HVAC

toilets

Operating Schedule

-150

stairs / storage room

Infiltration (ACH)

Operating Schedule

EUI + f (kWh)

-100

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

LED screen display movable panels

-150

65-30-72-11

ASHRAE VAV ASHRAE Package System

-100

High Eff. Heat Pump

-50

High Eff. Package System

ASHRAE Package System

ASHRAE Heat Pumo

BIM

ASHRAE VAV

BIM

12/5

12/6

12/7

EUI + f (kWh)

100

pipe

rainwater tank

pedestrian / cyclist bridge za neke manje stvari

NATURE

150

Infiltration (ACH)

100

75-5-100-0

atriums / exhibition, art, literature

-50

lifelong learning hub area

-150

150

EUI + f (kWh)

HVAC

-100

pavegen surfaces

Feb

250 250 250 PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION

Monthly averages

-50

urban equipment

sitting area / stripes of greenery

Jan

1639 ARCHI

MWH per year

urban equipment, public lighting

100

-50

45-3-60-0

Building Orientation (Degrees)

Infiltration (ACH)

497.424 TRANSPORTATION

URBAN EQUIPMENT

skylight / coffered ceiling

100

180

EUI + f (kWh)

0.17 ACH

BIM

0.4 ACH

0.8 ACH

1.2 ACH

1.6 ACH

100

-150

NATURE 50% 25% opacity opacity

75% opacity

multifunctional area

150

150 135

BIM

0.17 ACH

0.8 ACH

0.4 ACH

1.2 ACH

1.6 ACH

2.0 ACH

EUI + f (kWh)

Building Orientation

-100

2.0 ACH

EUI + f (kWh)

Building Orientation

150

2.5 cm

Average hourly profiles Total photovoltaic power output [kWh]

Total photovoltaic power output and Global tilted irradiation

15-0-20-0

100

99.7-104.7 cm 6.0 cm 8.0 cm 1.0 cm 0.4 cm 19.0 cm 15-20.0 cm 20.0 cm 0.5 cm 26.3 cm

Total photovoltaic power output [kWh]

Annual averages

Energy section

150

STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND LOAD ANALYSIS

Azimut of PV panels: Default (180°)°

Installed capacity: 380 kWp

Infiltration

— ATRIUM 52 cm humus 24.0 cm geotextile 8.0 cm crushed 20.0 cm compacted soil

42.5 cm 0.5 cm 6.0 cm 0.5 cm 10.0 cm 1.0 cm 10.0 cm 15.0 cm

Pv system: Medium size comercial

100

-50

48.6-53.6 cm 8.0 cm 0.8 cm 0.4 cm 10-15.0 cm 10 cm 14 cm 2.4 + 2.4cm 3.0cm

PV system configuration

LIFELONG LEARNING HUB / PUBLIC GALLERY

Infiltration

26 cm 8.0 cm 8.0 cm 10.0 cm

PV ELECTRICITY AND SOLAR RADIATION

150

EUI + f (kWh)

BIM

0.17 ACH

0.8 ACH

0.4 ACH

1.2 ACH

1.6 ACH

Building Orientation

l Construction

EUI + f (kWh)

InOut811

InOut811 v Look-out point with water wall for gathering and views off to the whole of the square, mosque and monument

URBAN MANAGEMENT

URBAN SOCIOLOGY

SMART APP POLITICS: INSTITUTIONALISED

branding & PR

human capital

financial partners

art & culture partners

1 URBAN REDESIGN

FORMING PARQUARE CORPORATION

delibera�ve argument / nego�a�on

3 STRATEGIC PLANNING

FINDING PARTNERSHIPS

associa�ve debate

bargaining

PARTICIPATION

REALIZATION AND MAINTENANCE

non-par�cipa�on

AGONISM

CONSENSUS

2 square

park

democratic forums

lobbying event management

community participation Parquare app

apathy

antagonism

ignorance

aliena�on

conﬂict

inac�on

exit

volunteering opportunities

direct ac�on

Parquare app

revolu�on

Parquare App — digital platform

INFORMAL

Explore the history

Organise events together

Via the application, citizens can participate in the growth of the park, making the decisions about which trees to plan and when. The app has a map on which it is possible to see where and when new trees have been planted. Also visible is the particular person to whom the tree is dedicated. Citizens can choose a tree species from a tree library. In this way citizens really do participate in the growth and development of Parquare and feel it their own. Currently there are 1,300 trees, and there is the capacity for citizens to plant another 700. In addition to taking part in spatial decision making, citizens can be app members and chat with other people in the community. They can discuss important topics respecting Parquare and register their votes. The app can also be used in the bike-sharing facility, with citizens scanning the QR code to rent a bike.

EVENT CALENDAR / ART PUBLIC - PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS STRATEGY

ANNUAL CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Expected intensity evening

Art — scan and learn

Year-round weekly classes in the Lifelong learning hubs, smaller art performances and monthly commercial activities at the square, all of which intensify in the winter period.

central government local government private expenditure

*2018

Digital display ads