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MODULE Mane’e tradition in Intacha Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia SYNOPSIS This module is about Manee - one of many traditions practices by islanders in Indonesia that supports preservation of marine resources. Manee has been traditionally practiced by Kakorotan Islanders in Talaud, North Sulawesi Province. Manee is a local knowledge on the preservation of marine resources based on temporal scale or variation. According to this local knowledge the islanders are prohibited to practice continuous fishing in Inthata Island, a nearby island. Fishing is only allowed during low tide every mid year. This tradition needs to be preserved and passed through generations as it represents the core value of modern conservation and sustanable fishery.

OBJECTIVES To document, preserve and disseminate local knowledge on fishing practiced Kakorotan Islanders in Talaud, North Sulawesi Province CONTENT What is all about?

Manee is a local knowledge on the preservation of marine resources based on temporal scale or variation. According to this local knowledge the islanders are prohibited to practice continuous fishing in Inthata Island, a nearby island. Fishing is only allowed during low tide every mid year.

Where is it collected from?

Kakorotan Islanders in Talaud, North Sulawesi Province. It takes about an hour by plane from the international airport of Manado to reach Melonguane Airport and continue with a ferry for 3 hours and an a couple of minute by a small boat from Inthata Island to reach Kakorotan Island.

Why is the knowledge important?

Marine resources are in decline worldwide, including in productivity, biodiversity and ecological relationships in oceans. The causes of declines are increasing human populations and their dependences on services generated from the ocean such as irresponsible fishing particularly in developing country like Indonesia. However there are severals traditions practices by islanders in Indonesia that support conservation or preservation of marine resources as they concern of their furture generation, one of them is Manee. Manee has been practiced by Kakorotan Islanders in Talaud, North Sulawesi Province for generations.

The essence of this local knowledge is preservation of marine resources based on temporal cycle for which fishing is only allowed during low tide every mid year. This traditional knowledge needs to be preserved and passed through generations as it represent the core value of modern conservation and sustanable fishery.

What is the available knowledge? • Fishing is done based on the temporal cycle which allow the natural recovery of fish population. • The islanders Kakorotan islanders are prohibited to continuously fish in Inthata Island, a nearby island, instead fishing is only allowed during low tide every mid year. • The essence of Manee is actually in line with the modern concept of marine resource preservation and sustainable fishing.

How does the knowledge work?

The practice of Maneeby by Kakorotan Islanders in Talaud Sub District in North Sulawesi Province for generations has proven to preserve the marine resource in Inthata Island. Manee is a local knowledge on the preservation of marine resources based on temporal scale or variation.

According to this local knowledge the islanders are prohibited to practice continuous fishing in Inthata Island, a nearby island. Fishing is only allowed during low tide every mid year.

POSTSCRIPT Manee needs to be preserved and passed through generations as it represents the core value of modern conservation and sustanable fishery.

The practice of Manee may support the implementation of marine resource conservation policy, particularly on the establishment of marine protected area. The Manee ceremony has been recorded visually and posted on youtube (http://youtu.be/K11dPu6xPmE).

Upon the dissemination of this traditional practice a positive impact has been identified among a community group of Kalinaung village, North Minahasa in terms of change of perception on the utilization of marine resource. They now understand the importance a Marine Protected Area that could support their economy and the needs of future generation. They agreed to establish a Marine Protected Area together with an international NGO. CONTENT MATERIAL Stephanus V. Mandagi, PhD, SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY, MANADO E-mail: stephanus.mandagi@gmail.com E-MODULE EDITOR Prof. Dr. Y. Budi Widianarko, University Network for Digital Knowledge (UNDK) Soegijapranata Catholic University (SCU), Jl. Pawiyatan Luhur IV/1, Semarang 50234 – INDONESIA, email: widianarko@unika.ac.id

1. Name of Institution: SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY, MANADO 2. Academic Year: 2013 -2014 3. Title: Mane’e: a fishing tradition Intacha Island, located in Talaud District of North Sulawesi Province 4. ABSTRACT Marine resources are in decline worldwide, including in productivity, biodiversity and ecological relationships in oceans. The causes of declines are increasing human populations and their dependences on services generated from the ocean such as irresponsible fishing particularly in developing country like Indonesia. However there are severals traditions practices by islanders in Indonesia that support conservation or preservation of marine resources as they concern of their furture generation, one of them is Manee.

Manee has been done by Kakorotan Islanders in Talaud Sub District in North Sulawesi Province for years. It is a local knowledge about preserving marine resources based on temporal scale, meaning that the islanders are prohibited to fish in Inthata Island, a nearby island, for a year. Fishimg only allow during low tide every mid year. This tradition needs to be preserved and passed through generations as it represent the core value of modern conservation or sustanable fisheries.

Transfering this local knowlegde to other people in other areas and students would enhance their understanding on conservation, in other word, it could enrich their knowldge. That could support implementation of conservation policy, particulalry of establishing a

marine protected area, a modern conservation approach.

Considering the importance of Manee for preserving marine resources, a recording of Manee tradition has been done. It is followed by a socialitation of Manee to other coastal villagers in other coastal areas.

This project was led to an establishment of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in a target coastal village in North Minahasa District.

5. Contact Person: Stephanus V. Mandagi, PhD Perum Allendrew Permai Blok D1/2, Malalayang I, Manado Telp. 08121826653; email: stephanus.mandagi@gmail.com 6. Description of Project a. Recording of the mane’e ceremony.

Recording was done between the 28th and 29th May of 2013 on Intata Island on Talaud Disctrict. Two students were sent to Inthata to do this job. Prior to their departure which was on the 27th of May, they were coached about how to make the record including what questions, and most importantly is savety. As the location is on the northern part of North Sulawesi Disctrict, flying from Manado (the capital of the province) to Melonguane, the capital of Talaud District takes approximately one hour by plane. Then follow by ferry to Inthata Island takes another 4 hours. They had to stay overnight as they arrived a day prior to the event. They did interviewed the locals leaders about the process and the ceremony. b. Editing of the video.

This activity took place in October, after the first tranfer were made. The edition involves selection of scenes and photographs,

rendering, and converting into avi format. The selection of scene and photographs were carried out to shorten the vidio so that viewers can download easily and able to view it in the you tube.

The video was reduced from 40 minutes to just over 6 minutes.

Rendering the selected scenes and photographs to make them as a full video. Then, it was converted to avi format so that it fits to you tube.

Additional record and voice about explanation of video was done in Manado both in field and studio. Three students were also involved in recording process. c. Posting Manee video on you tube, the web address is:

http://youtu.be/K11dPu6xPmE

Please check it out and indicate if you like them. d. Outreah activity: socialisation of Manee.

This outreach activity was carried out in Kalinaun Village of North Minhasa District in North Sulawesi Province in 13 of November.

Kalinanun is a coastal village where most of its villagers is fishermen. Kalinaung village is about 2 hours from Sam Ratulangi Campus in Manado. It is selected as it is a potential place for the outreach activity, the head of Kalinaun was so responsive.

According to the head of village, the fishermen in this village need information and education about the importance of protecting their marine resources. Prior to selecting Kalinaung, I and team have done surveys in other coastal villages in the first week of November.

10 students of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science were involved in this outreach activity. Some of them was actively involved in discussion, they even answered some questions of the coastal villagers, as they already had the knowledge during the classroom.

e. Capacity Building to establishment a Marine Protected Area (MPA)

Following the socialisation of a video recording on Manee, the Kalinaung coastal community was encouraged to establish a MPA, I and my fellow my lecturer from Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science of Sam Ratulangi University carried out a capacity building activity in Kalinaung village in the 20th of November. Some village key people: representing government and religions, were involved on the preparation of the MPA in their village: selecting MPA sites and aggreement about no fishing or no take area. For this purpose, World Conservation Society, an international Non Government Organisation that is operating in Indonesia.

7. Project outcome in relation to goals and objectives: A video on Manee in English version has been produced. Some students of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science of Sam Ratulangi University were involved in the whole process including recording up to its socialisation. Beside, the Manee has been included in The video has been shown to coastal community of Kalianung village in North Minahasa district in North Sulawesi Province where most members of this community are fishermen who rely on marine resources for their ivelihood. In addition, the recorded video has been posted on YouTube. Many people all over the world who are interested in conservation of marine recources may have already viewed the video.

This means that there have been a transfer of local knowledge to students, people coastal in a small village in Indonesia to other countries in the world.

8. Overall impact of the project and future implications: 8.1. Manee as local knowledge has enrich the knowledge about conservation of marine resources and sustainable fishing of students. Their involvement in the whole project from recording up to socialisation have supported learning process. This could have enhanced the students’s understanding about conservation of marine resources and sustainable fishing strategy. In the future, they could consider local knowledge in their workplace, particularly involved in policy processes- hopefully, they will still remember about the local knowledge they learned at school.

The out reach activity or socialisation of Manee to mainland villagers have shown a positive impacts. A community group of Kalinaung village in mainland of North Minahasa were impresed with the video of Manee. There have been a change in their perception about utilising marine resources – not only exploitation, instead they need to also conserve and preserve marine resources. They now understand the importance a Marine Protected Area that could support their economy and their future generation needs. Additionally, the Kalinaung community agreed to establish a Marine Protected Area their own, hopefully, they would able to develope an institution that could last so that they goals will be met. Furthermore, its is expected that this project could reach more coastal community in North Sulawesi and other places so that more areas of conservation will be created and more impacts will be resulted.

8.2. Partnerships/networks established

A network with an international NGO and a coastal community group of Kalinaung Village has been created. This would support other program in the future particulalry when a there will be a MPA network program in North Sulawesi or similar project in other places either it will be sponsored by government or non government organisation.

9. A financial report attached in other file.

Attached photoes of activities and descriptions: 1. Recording of Mane’e.

The beautiful white sandy beach of Kokorotan Island in Talaud District of North Sulawesi Province. It takes about an hour by plane from the international airport of Manado to reach Melonguane Airport and continue with a ferry for 3 hours and an a couple of minute by a small boat from Inthata Island.

These following picture show about the preparation of fishing gear to be used in Manee ceremony. The fishing gear is made of ropes of particular trees that are available on Kokorotan island and also young coconut leaves.

The coconut leaves are tigthen in the ropes which were then conected one another. The length of the ropes is about 3 thousand meters, long enough to circle the protected fishing area.

The students were asking about the proccess of mane’e

Following pictures show the the begining of Manee ceremony. The leader of communit, Inungbanua, gave a by short speech to indicate the beginig of the ceremony.

After the speech by the community leader, the fishing gear loaded to boats and off to the sea.

For about three hours later when the water was low enough, the member of the community to pull the ropes back in to the beach, as can be seen from the following pictures, the community working together to pull the ropes.

Catching fish together. Once the fishing gear is in the position, in the so called ‘kolam’ or ponds and the water is at the lowest level, the community were asked to circled the pond. The community leader then started the fishing fiest by throwing a spear. Then followed by all the community and the outsiders invited in the ceremony.

Then they show off their catches

Barberqueing after the ceremony, community roast their catch and eat together.

2. Outreach in Kalinaun Village Kalinaung community were listening

Head of the village warm welcome and introduction about his village. He encouraged villagers to take part in conservation effort.

My explanation about Manee, why it is important in conserving marine resources and how it could by implemented in Kalinaung or other places.

Sharing story about manee process

Watching manee video

Q and A: community asked, I and students answered

Lunch together with community

Photo session with a background of Manee beach

Etsblishing MPA

Explanation about how to establish a Marine Protected Area

Community work hand in hand to set out the MPA and place in the demarcation marks such as buoys in the pre selected MPA site. Materials are supported by an NGO.