IV. AGING

The necessity of care facility. (介護施設の必要性)

Defining the aging and to determine the changing from adult to elderly. The border cut off 65 which is a chronological measurement that is related with ability is not practical to measure the capacity of human.11 Of course, when a human get more age, we will change as gray hair or wrinkles that it may show a appearance of age visually. According to the Encyclopedia Nipponica the aging phenomena of a human is a general term which is complexed observations 12 with several aspects observing to the human body.

According to Joseph K, the developing of aging is a slowly process which is difficult to realize consciously by ourself.

“ Physiological appearance is a deception.” “It will not act as am accurate predictor of capability” “ The problem is that heath is not a constant which suddenly evaporates at the onset of death. Everyone tends to change or develop both physiologically and in other ways throughout the life span and especially in advanced years”

Source: World Health Organization (2012), “Fact Sheet Number 362. Dementia”, www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs362/en/.

11 DESIGNING THE OPEN NURSING HOME : Joseph A. Koncelik : 1976 : Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross , Inc.

12 Encyclopedia Nipponica (日本大百科全書) ; Shogakukan, Inc. : 2001

Thus to get age is a dally process which is progress day by day and gradually. He describe a real aging is measurement by losing the reserves or declining the ability in the human body that to keep the function of homeostasis.

“Hemostats refers to the equilibrium of interaction among organs, glands, muscles, bone, and tissue in the human system.”

Source: World Health Organization (2012), “Fact Sheet Number 362. Dementia”, www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs362/en/.

When the body woks as young people, energy, muscle tissue, the lungs and other parts of the human body will require more oxygen and nutrients. The body try to supply those requirement to organize equilibrium. When the human is youth, it has strength, suppleness and expansive development that the reserve is high. And when it advanced the age, it has less strength , a lessening of supply of oxygen and nutrients through the respiration and circulation systems, therefor the body has either a harder job or in some cases, an impossible task in re-organization homeostasis . It is indeed an oversimplification which is describing about the concept of the aging. So that loss of the reorganization of homeostasis and decline of the biological function in human body , it occurs the declines effects to endocrine system, the nervous system related with the brain, Musculoskeletal system, The major organs of heart, lungs, kidneys and lungs, and the sensor organs.

When people get age, we will get several problems under effects of the declines of reorganization of homeostasis and biological functions. For example the hypertension of blood, rheumatism, cerebral infarction, diabetes or cataract etc… And very important disability is dementia. Dementia is a wards with has several symptoms regarding to decline brain function or damage of it that according to the WHO.

“Dementia is a syndrome – usually of a chronic or progressive nature – in which there is deterioration in cognitive function (i.e. the ability to process thought) beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement. Consciousness is not affected. The impairment in cognitive function is commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behaviors, or motivation. Dementia is caused by a variety of diseases and injuries that primarily or secondarily affect the brain, such as Alzheimer’s disease or stroke.”

Source: World Health Organization (2012), “Fact Sheet Number 362. Dementia”, www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs362/en/.

Dementia is the second largest cause of disability in those age over 70. 44 million people have dementia in the world. From the point of financial burden the global cost of dementia is like half trillion US dollars every year. This cost more less as well as the GDP of Switzerland. However still social service and health system are not enough and are in the progress with dementia. The cost of dementia with the growing of elderly people is continuing to escalate. In the 2030, it is expected the percentage of the dementia that in high-income countries will have 50% and in low -income countries will have 80%. Dementia affect to memory, thought, behavior, and daily capacity of performance. Dementia has big affection to patient but also to family and care giver that is the one of the most important cause of the elderly people who needs the primary nursing care and has a damage in all over the world. All most all countries has many obstacles to care and diagnose about the patient due to the prejudice and miss understanding. Because of that there are big affection to family, care giver and social physically, physiologically and economically.13

13 OECD (2015), Addressing Dementia: The OECD Response, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264231726-en

As has been noted, when we get age, the human body and ability will decline with declines of homeostasis and it will have another troubles and sicks with those changes. Depend on the people, aged human will need a existence of care giver, family or friends to care about them because of the difficulty of daily capacity of performance, activity of the normal life. Additionally depends on the levels of the symptoms or care levels, people are difficult to live alone or lives in them house. because some times they need call a doctor or help to special care giver, so that they need to live a place where the doctor stay or care specialists and the place or institution where there are well equipment for care.