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Dear Galyna, I am writing from Edinburgh. The weather is nice and we are going sightseeing. The city is marvelous. We have walked along the Royal Mile and visited Edinburgh castle, the Scotland’s most visited attraction of the eleventh century, Scottish Parliament Building and National Museum of Scotland. We enjoyed Royal Botanic Garden with great pleasure. We are going to visit Greyfriar’s Bobby Statue tomorrow. I send you some photos I hope you like them. See you next week!

Best wishes, Oles.

Lessons 3–4. Old and New Towns of Edinburgh

3. Read the text about Edinburgh. Put the headings (A–E) into the correct spaces (1–5). 1d, 2e, 3c, 4b, 5a.

4. Read and complete the sentences.

1. Kyiv;

2. modern and medieval, the traditional and the new.

3. a World Heritage Site;

4. hundreds of ghosts;

5. Its international and unusual local cultures;

6. Arts, sports and attractions and is famous for playing host to the world’s largest art festival.

5. Write five questions to the text of Ex. 3, p. 126 and ask your classmates to answer them.

1. What is a number of population in Edinburgh?

2. What is the weather like in Edinburgh?

3. Who was Mackenzie?

4. When does Edinburgh have Hogmanay?

5. What can the visitors see at Edinburgh festivals?

7. Read the sentences. Complete the sentences with the gerunds.

1) travelling; 2) visiting; 3) reading; 4) hearing; 5) smiling; 6) buying; 7) joining; 8) going;

9) bulling; 10) working; entering.

8. Read the following facts about Edinburgh. Then write the sentences into your exercise book and underline the gerunds in them.

1) running; 2) sightseeing; 3) bookselling; 4) making.

Lessons 5–6. The Giant’s Causeway

1. Look at the photos of the Giant’s Causeway. What do you think: is it created by people or nature? Exchange your opinions.

I believe the Giant’s Causeway is created by nature. It is a result of an ancient volcanic eruption and it is a prominent well-known landmark of Northern Ireland.

2. You are going to read the text about a famous landmark of Northern Ireland. Say what makes it such a special place.

The Giant’s Causeway is a beautiful remarkable landmark of Northern Ireland for many centuries. Usual columns in the form of steppingstones make it such a special place and attract thousands of tourists every year.

4. Read the definitions and match them to the words and phrases from the Vocabulary File.

1) a cliff foot to battle; 2) to flow back; 3) a causeway; 4) to stick out of; 5) from far and wide; 6) to ballot; 7) hexagonal; 8) to rip up; 9) to be recognized for; 10) to fly; 11) to reach; 12) to announce.

5. Choose the correct item to complete the sentences. 1b; 2c; 3a; 4c; 5a; 6b.

7. Write the following sentences using the gerund.

1) going; 2) seeing; 3) going; 4) waiting; 5) beginning; 6) admiring.

8. Write the correct form of the verb.

1) seeing; 2) walking; 3) to take; 4) sending; 5) to visit; 6) to show.

9. Read and act out the situation.

The pupils of your partner school in Great Britain have just come to visit Ukraine. Ask them about the most famous landmarks of their country. Be ready to answer their questions about the sites of Ukraine. Make short dialogues and present them in class.

1) What are the most famous landmarks of Ukraine? 2) Where are they situated? 3) What are they famous for? 4) How can we get there? 5) How long does it take to get there?

Lesson 7. Stonehenge – Forever a Mystery

2. You are going to read an article about one of the most famous landmarks of Great Britain. Some sentences or phrases have been removed from it. First read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps. Explain the main idea of it. Then fill in the gaps (1–6) with the sentences or phrases (A–F) to complete the text.

Stonehenge – Forever a Mystery General Overview

The great and ancient stone circle of Stonehenge is one of the wonders of the world. It’s thought that (1) D that the mystical stone circle was built by the Druids to mark her tomb –the old English word ‘henge’ meaning ‘the hanging stones’. There is nothing quite like Stonehenge anywhere in the world and for 5,000 years it has drawn visitors to it. We shall never know (2) C what drew people here over the centuries or why hundreds of people struggled over thousands of years to build this monument (the heaviest of the stones weighs probably about 45 tons), but visitors from all over the world (over 850,000 people a year) come to marvel at this amazing feat of engineering.

Myths and Legends

Although great strides have been made in our understanding of the original purpose of Stonehenge (3), E we will probably never know its full significance. The aura of mystery has helped to generate many myths and legends about the monument. As a speculation has gone on over the centuries, a whole host of colourful stories has arisen – and the search for explanations is still going strong today.

In the Roman period, it was believed that the British rebel Queen Boudicca had been buried at Stonehenge, and (4) A the name Stonehenge originates from the Anglo-Saxon period. Geoffrey of Monmouth, writing in the 12th century A.D., retells the story that the legendary wizard Merlin commanded an Irish monument called the Giant’s Dance to be transported all the way to Salisbury Plain.

(5) B in 1986 for their outstanding prehistoric monuments is that it was built by extraterrestrial visitors in ancient times.

Why Stonehenge is a World Heritage Site

Stonehenge and Avebury were inscribed on the World Heritage List (6) F One of the most popular modern alternative explanations for Stonehenge. At Stonehenge, the unparalleled stone circle (3000 B.C.–1600 B.C.) is surrounded by a ceremonial landscape comprising more than 300 burial mounds and major prehistoric monuments such as the Stonehenge Avenue, the Cursus, Woodhenge and Durrington Walls.

4. Match the words (1–9) with their definitions (a–i).

1. To marvel — h) used to emphasize that something is bigger, better or worse than anything else like it;

2. A stride — g) one long step;