Balavedi kaipusthakam 2016

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 1

aebmfw _me-thZn ssI∏p-kvXIw H∂mw ]Xn∏v BKÃv 2016 {]km[\w, hnXcWw : tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv Xr»q¿ - 680004 C˛sabn¬ : publicationkssp@gmail.com A®Sn : sXtc Hm^vsk‰v {]nt‚-gvkv, A¶-amen KSSP

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Malayalam Balavedi Kaippusthakam First edition August 2016 Published and distributed by : Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishath Thrissur - 680004 e-mail : publicationkssp@gmail.com Printed at : Theressa Offset Printers, Angamaly

AUG 2016

D1/8

0.6K

LL 6/16

BapJw Ip´nIfpsS AhImißfpw hy‡nXzhpw ]cnKWn°p∂ k¿KmflI kwLS\mcq]amWv _methZn. hoSv, kaqlw, hnZymebw XpSßnb CSßfn¬ \n∂v e`n°p∂ A\p`hßsf IqSpX¬ Bghpw hym]vXnbpw D≈Xm°nam‰emWv _methZn {]h¿Ø\ßfneqsS e£yanSp∂Xv. Ip´nbpsS {]IrXw Xncn® dn™psIm≠p≈ CSs]SepIfmWv Bhiyw. At\zjW at\m`mhhpw {]]©{]Xn`mkßtfmSp≈ Xm¬]cyhpw Ip´nbn¬ kzm`mhnIambp≈XmWv. Ip´nbpsS {]IrXØns‚ `mKambp≈ Cu Xm¬]cysØ Adnhnt\mSp≈ Xm¬]cy am°n hf¿Øm\mWv _methZn {ian°p∂Xv. ""F¥Xßs\? F¥psIm≠nßs\?

F∂ tNmZyw sXmSp°pat\zjWw.'' Cu At\zjWw FgpØneqsSbpw hmb\bneqsSbpw am{X amWv \S°pIsb∂v _methZn IcpXp∂n√. Ip´nbpsS C{μn bm\p`hßsf√mw- ˛ _lphn[amb IgnhpIsf√mw ˛ ck Ichpw Iq´mbXpamb {]h¿Ø\ßfneqsS hf¿Ønsb Sp°m≥ {ian°p∂p. Ip´nbn¬ \n∂v FSp°ptºmƒ Xs∂ Ip´n bntebv°v sImSp°pIbpw sNøpI F∂ sshcp≤ymflI {]h¿Ø\coXnbmWv _methZn kzoIcn°p∂Xv. \nehnep≈ AdnhpIsf C{μnbm\p`hßfneqsS hnIkn∏n°ptºmƒ Xs∂ ]pXnb AdnhpIƒ kmaqlnIambn \n¿an°m\pw {ian °p∂p. A£bXrXobZnhkw kz¿Æw hmßWsa∂ Adnhv Bcp≠m°n? B¿°mWv KpWw? B¿°mWv \jvSw? IuapZn So®¿ sNbv X sX¥mbncp∂p? Ct∏mƒ \mw sNtø≠sX ¥mWv ? Itºmfw \¬Ip∂ AdnhpIsf hna¿i\mflI hnebncpØepIfpw Xncn®dnhpIfpam°n am‰pI F∂Xpw _methZnbpsS e£yamWv.

_methZn

4 ssI∏pkvXIw

AdnhpIƒ tImcn\ndbvt°≠ Hcp ]m{Xambn Ip´nsb _methZn ho£n°p∂n√. Iq´mbn t\Sp∂ A\p`hßfneqsS kzbw Is≠Øp∂ AdnhpIfpw Xncn®dnhpIfpw ]pXnb kμ¿`ßfn¬ {]tbmKn°pI IqSn sNøp∂ Ip´n _methZn bpsS D≈S°amWv. hmsamgnbpw hcsamgnbpw IqSmsX ssI samgn IqSn Ds≠∂pw _methZn Xncn®dnbp∂p. CXn\pth≠n Ignbp∂{X A[zm\thfIfpambn _methZn {]h¿Ø\ ßsf _‘n∏n°pw. Ip´nbpsS hmb\ PohnXhmb\bmbpw {]]©hmb\bmbpw hnIkn°Ww. km£cX Pekm£c Xbpw aÆpkm£cXbpamIWw. t_m[w imkv{Xt_m[hpw Ncn{Xt_m[hpamIWw. Nn¥ hna¿i\mflIamIWw. PmXnaXhn`mKobXIsf adnIS∂v atXXcP\m[n]Xy t_m[ap≈ hniz]uc\ntebv°p≈ hf¿®bmWv _methZn bpsS BXy¥nIe£yw. ]T\sØbpw {]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw Ignbp∂{X PohnXK‘nbm°ns°m≠v {]{InbIƒ°v D≈S °tØ°mƒ {]m[m\yw \¬Ins°m≠v _methZn{]h¿Ø \߃ apt∂m´pt]mIp∂p. tIm´bw kn.Fw.Fkv tImtfPn¬h®v 1978 s^{_phcn bn¬ \S∂ ]cnjØns‚ 15˛mw hm¿jnItØmsSbmWv _me thZn F∂ Bibw DSseSp°p∂Xv. bpdo° amknItbmS\p_ ‘n®v bpdo° _methZnIƒ cq]oIcn®v {]h¿Øn°m\mWv A∂v Xocpam\n®Xv. {]mtZinI Ip´n°q´ßƒ : {]k‡nbpw km[yXIfpw s]mXphnZym`ymkw km¿Δ{XnIam°p∂ ImcyØn¬ tIcfw C¥ybnse CXckwÿm\ßsf At]£n®v F{Xtbm ap∂n emWv. A©phb mb Hmtcm Ip™pw kvIqfnseØp∂p. _mehmSn apX¬ lb¿sk°≠dn hsc hym]n®pInS°p∂ hn]peamb ChnSpsØ s]mXphnZym`ymkkwhn[m\w kmº ØnIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb F√m X´nep≈h¿°pw {]m]yamb Xn\m¬ kuP\yhpw km¿h{XnIhpamb hnZym`ymkw F∂ e£yw GXm≠v ]q¿Æambn km£mXv°cn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. _rlØmb Cu kwhn[m\Øn\v kaqlØnep≈ kzm[o\w BgtadnbXmWv. AtXImcWØm¬ Cu cwKsØ Zu¿_ey ßfpw A\`nejWobamb {]hWXIfpw AXohKuch tØmsS ]cnKWn°pIbpw XncpØpIbpw thWw. hnZym`ymkØns‚ ]c∏nep≈ hnImkw BgØnep≈ hnIk\ambn C\nbpw amdnbn´n√. ]mTy]≤Xnbnepw

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 5

aqey\n¿Wbk{ºZmbØnepw Nne KpW]camb am‰ßƒ D≠mbn´ps≠¶nepw, Xs∂°pdn®pw X\n°pNp‰pap≈ {]]© sØ°pdn®pw Hcp ka{Kmht_m[w Ip´nbn¬ D≠m°m≥ Ah C\nbpw ]cym]v X a√. Adnhp]IcpI F∂Xn\∏pdw \√ a\pjycmbn Pohn°m≥ klmbn°pI F∂ e£yw Ip´nIƒ°v t\Sns°mSp°m≥ Hu]NmcnIhnZym`ymkw Ai‡amWv. \m\mam[ya߃, {]tXyIn®pw sslsSIv CeIvt{SmWnIv am[ya߃, Ip´nIsf ]e cq]Øn¬ kzm[o\n°p∂p≠v. hnthN\i‡n hnImkw{]m]n°mØ L´ambXn\m¬ Ah cpsS hy‡nXzsØ kzm[o\n°pIbpw cq]s∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂Xn¬ Ch henb ]¶phln°p∂p. Chbvs°ms° ]pd sabmWv ]ckyambmPmeßfneqsS Hcp D]t`mKkaqlsØ temIsØßpw hf¿ØnsbSp°m\p≈ BtKmf∑mcpsS IS ∂m{IaWw. am[yaßfn¬ ImWp∂Xn¬ Adp-]XpiXam\ Øne[nIw t\cn´v Ip´nIsf A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂hbmWv. HcphiØv, CXv kaqlsØ sshtZinINc°pIfpsS ASna bm°p∂p. adphiØv, CSØc°mcpw Zcn{Zcpamb Ip´nIƒ \ncmibpsS K¿ØØn¬ ]Xn°p∂p. Cu Ip´nIfpsS ASpØ Xeapd Cu ]mX ]n¥pScpIbmsW¶n¬ kaqlØns‚ `mhn AXy¥w `bm\Iambncn°pw. kvIqƒ, hoSv, kaqlw, Iq´pIm¿... F√mhcpw Ip´nsb HmSn°pIbmWv. thKw, thKw, thKw.. `qcn`mKw Ip´nIfpw XfcpIbmWv. Ah¿°v Bizmkw \¬Im≥, Ahsc kam[m\n ∏n°m≥, Ah¿°v Bhiyamb klmbw \¬Im≥ C∂v Hcp kwhn[m\hpan√. Hu]NmcnIhnZym`ymkØns‚ Zu¿_ey ßfpsSbpw am[ya߃ sNepØp∂ hnIekzm[o\ß fpsSbpw ]›mØeØn¬thWw {]mtZinI Ip´n°q´ßƒ F∂ A\u]NmcnI hnZym`ymkthZn (kam¥chnZym`ymk thZn)Isf°pdn®v Nn¥n°m≥.

Ip´nIfpsS cwKØv {]h¿Øn°p∂ At\Iw ÿm]\ ßfpw {]ÿm\ßfpw \ΩpsS \m´nep≠v. F∂m¬ Dt±iip≤n tbmsS, Ip´nIfpsS \∑bv°pth≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂h F{X sbÆw ImWpw? Ip´n°q´ßfn¬ Fgp]XpiXam\Øne [nIw PmXn˛aXkwLS\Iƒ°v hnt[bambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ hbmWv . CSXp]£˛atXXcXz˛P\m[n]Xy{]ÿm\߃ t\XrXzw sImSp°p∂ kwLßfpw D≠v. Ip´nIƒ°v A\u] NmcnI hnZym`ymkw \¬Ip∂Xn\pw, AhcpsS k¿KmflIX

_methZn

6 ssI∏pkvXIw

hf¿Øp∂Xn\pw Iptdsbms° sNøm≥ Chbv°v Ign™n ´p≠v . F¶nepw Cu cwKsØ Bhiyßfpambn Xpe\w sNøptºmƒ ChbpsS {]h¿Ø\w C\nbpw F{Xtbm Imcy £aamt°≠nbncn°p∂p. e£y߃ 1. Ip´nIsf am\knIambpw imcocIambpw kzX{¥cm°pI. _meyØns‚ ss\k¿KnIX Ahcn¬ DW¿ØpI. 2. Ip´nIfpsS k¿KmflIIgnhpIƒ hnIkn∏n°pI. 3. kwibn°pI, tNmZyw sNøpI, ]co£n°pI, \nco£n°pI, \nKa\ßfnseØpI, {]tbmKn°pI F∂nßs\bp≈ imkv{XØns‚ coXnbneqsS Adnhns\ hf¿Øm≥ Ip´n Isf klmbn°pI. 4. kzX{¥amb At\zjW_p≤nbpw, Nn¥mtijnbpw, icn˛ sX‰pIƒ Xncn®dnbm\p≈ Ignhpw hf¿ØpI. 5. Np‰p]mSns\ imkv { Xobambpw Ncn{X]cXtbmsSbpw ]Tn°m\pw AXneqsS ka{Kamb Hcp {]]©ho£Ww cq]s∏SpØm\pw Ip´nIsf klmbn°pI. 6. A[zm\tØmSpw A[zm\n°p∂htcmSpw BZchv hf¿ØpI. 7. kwLt_m[w hf¿ØpI ˛ Iq´mb {]h¿Ø\ssien kzmbØam°m≥ klmbn°pI. 8. am\hnIaqeyßfnep≈ hnizmkhpw, Db¿∂ kZmNmc t_m[hpw, sa®s∏´ s]cpam‰coXnIfpw Ip´nIfn¬ hf¿ ØnsbSp°pI. 9. hy‡nsb kaqltØmSv kacks∏SpØm\pw km¿h tZiobXbpw kam[m\hmRv O bpw hf¿Øm\pw Ip´n Isf klmbn°pI. 10. ]n¥ncn∏≥ kzm[o\ßtfmSp≈ {]Xntcm[tijn Ip´n Ifn¬ hf¿ØpI. 11. t\XrXztijn hf¿ØpI. 12. hy‡nXzhnImkØn\v Ahkcsamcp°pI. {]h¿Ø\coXn apIfn¬ sImSpØ e£y߃ t\Sm\pXIp∂ GXpcoXn bnep≈ {]h¿Ø\hpw kzoIcn°mw. F¶nepw Nne Imcy ߃ {]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠Xp≠v. Ip´nIƒ°v ckIchpw Xm]cyw DW¿Øp∂hbpamhWw ]T\coXnIƒ. kzbw sNøp∂

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 7

\nco£W]co£WßfneqsS, sIm®psIm®p Is≠ØepI fneqsS, ckIcamb IfnIfneqsS AhcpsS At\zjW XrjvW hf¿Øm≥ IgnbWw. IqSpX¬ ]Tn°m\p≈ B{Klw hf¿Øm≥ CXv klmbn°pw. Ip´n°q´ßƒ XpS¿®bmbn IqSWw. HcpXhWsØ HØptNcen\ptijw ho≠pw IqSp∂ Xn\papºv Fs¥¶nepw assignment sNbvXncn°Ww. {]h¿Ø\߃ i. ]T\]cw : ]pkvXIhmb\, Ipdns∏gpX¬, N¿®, _meamkn IIƒ, AXnYn ¢m pIƒ, ]cnkc]T\w, ]T\bm{XIƒ, k©cn°p∂ {KŸime.... ii. {]h¿Øn]cw : \mS≥]m´pIƒ, \mS≥IfnIƒ XpSßnbh tiJcn°¬, ]Tt\m]IcW \n¿amWw, IuXpIhkvXp \n¿amWw, HdnKman, _p°v ss_≥UnwKv... iii. Aht_m[]cw : ]pkvXIßsf B[mcam°nbp≈ efnX amb ¢m pIƒ, alXvhy‡nIsf°pdn®p≈ ¢m pIƒ, tZiobZn\mNcW߃, kvacWobZn\mNcW߃.. iv. `mjm]cw : IsøgpØpamknI, IhnXmcN\, IYmcN\, kwhmZw, At\ym\yw... v. Iem]cw : aplq¿Øw \mSIam°¬, Nn{Xßfm°¬, IhnXbv°v cwK]mTsamcp°¬... vi. kmaqlnI]cw : Krlkμ¿i\w, IsØgpX¬, Itcmfp Iƒ, t]mÿ cN\, PmYIƒ, Xs∂∏‰nbpw IpSpw_sØ ∏‰nbpw ]db¬, ]{Xhmb\, {][m\ kw`hßsf°pdn®v N¿® sNø¬, Ip´nIfpsS AhImi߃ c£nXm° fpsamØv N¿® sNø¬...

Ch GXm\pw kqN\Iƒ am{Xw. F¥n\v sNøp∂psh∂v t_m[ys∏´m¬ F¥v sNøWsa∂v hy‡amIpw ˛ Fßs\ sNøWsa∂pw. {]h¿ØIcpsS XpS¿®bmbp≈ ]T\w AXy¥mt]£nXamWv. kzbw]T\Øn\v hnt[bcmIm\pw A\p`h߃ ssIamdm\pw {]h¿ØI¿ XømdmIWw.

hna¿i\mflI Aht_m[w Xm≥ FhnsS \n¬°p∂p, Np‰p]mSpIƒ PohnXsØ Fßs\ kzm[o\n°p∂p, ssZ\wZn\ PohnXm\p`h߃°v ]nd Inse Bib]cnkcsa¥v XpSßnb Imcy߃ Xncn®dnbm≥

_methZn

8 ssI∏pkvXIw

Ip´nIsf klmbn°pIbmWv hna¿i\mflINn¥bneqsS e£yam°p∂Xv. ]Wm[n]Xyw PohnX]cnkcßfn¬ krjvSn °p∂ {]iv\ßsf ImgvN°mc\mbn am{Xw I≠m¬ aXn bmhn√. AXn\p ]ndInep≈ ]tcm£amb [\nIh¿K A\pIqe Bib]cnkcw Xncn®dntb≠Xp≠v . CXmWv hna¿i\mflINn¥.

kwL{]h¿Ø\w (Ip´nIƒ°p≈ {]h¿Ø\tcJ) {]h¿Ø\w 1 (5 an\n´v) "agbmbmepw shbnembmepw hnZym¿YnIƒ _ v ]pd s∏Sptºmƒ am{Xta Ibdmhq. Ibdnbm¬ Ccn°m≥ ]mSn√.'

F¥psIm≠nßs\? Nne Ip´nIƒ°v Ccn°m≥ Ahkcw In´p∂p≠v. F¥psIm≠v? N¿® sNøpI. {]h¿Ø\w 2 (5 an\n´v) CtXmsSm∏ap≈ t^mt´m t\m°q. ChcpsS t]cv Zbm_mbv. "tagv k n amXyp' F∂mbncp∂p A—\Ωam¿ C´ t]cv . ]mh s∏´h¿°pw BZnhmknIƒ°pw th≠n {]h¿Øn®Xn\v Ah¿°v e`n® t]cmWv "Zbm_mbv' F∂Xv. D∂XhnZym`ymkw t\Snb tagvkn amXyphn\v thWsa¶n¬ Db¿∂ iºfw In´p∂ tPmen e`n°pambncp∂p. F∂m¬ B ku`mKyßsf√mw ths≠∂ph®v Ah¿ ]mh߃°nSbn{]h¿Øn®p. Ahsc ip{iqjn®p. hnZym`ymkw \¬In. ]mhßfpsS thjw kzoIcn®p.

C°gn™ Znhkw tIcfØnse Hcp _kv I≠Iv S ¿ Zbm_mbnsb A]am\n®v _ n¬ \n∂v Cd°nhn´p. hm¿Ø \n߃ ]{XØn¬ hmbn®ncn°pw. F¥psIm≠nßs\?

N¿® sNøq. {]h¿Ø\w 3 (5 an\n´v) CXm Hcp IY ˛ hmbn°q. ap√ \kdp±o≥ Hcp Znhkw Hcp ho´n¬ IeymWØn\v t]mbn.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 9

Iodn∏dn™ hkv{X߃ [cn® ap√sb ho´pSaÿ≥ kzoIcn ®n√. ap√ Xncn®pt]m∂p. hneIqSnb tIm´n´v ho≠pw sN∂p. ho´pSaÿ≥ At±lsØ kzoIcn®v `£Wlmfntebv°v \bn®p. ap√ `£Ww hmcn tIm´n¬ \ndbv°m≥ XpSßn. ho´pSaÿ≥ tNmZn®p, ""\n߃ F¥mWo sNøp∂Xv?'' ap√ im¥\mbn adp]Sn ]d™p : ""hne Ipd™ hkv { Xan´p h∂t∏mƒ \n߃ Fs∂ kzoIcn®n√. hne IqSnb tIm´n´ t∏mƒ kzoIcn®p. \n߃ kzoIcn®Xv hneIqSnb Cu hkv{XsØbmWv AXpsIm≠v \n߃ Xcp∂Xv Cu hkv{X Øn\v \¬Ip∂p.'' Fßs\bp≠v IY? N¿® sNøq. {]h¿Ø\w 4 (10 an\n´v) C\n \ΩpsS Hcp A\nbØn°p´nbpsS Hc\p`hw. s]m≈p∂ Hm¿ΩIƒ Rm\nt∏mƒ \memwXcØnemWv ]Tn°p∂Xv. ]Tn°m≥ henb anSps°m∂pan√. Hcp sNdnb Hme∏pcbnemWv Rm\pw A—\pw AΩbpw Xmakn°p∂Xv . ags]bv X m¬ tNm¿ s∂men°pw. AΩbv°pw A—\pw Iqen∏WnbmWv. civanX Fs‚ ASpØ Iq´pImcnbmWv. Ahƒ ho´n¬\n∂v tNmdp sIm≠phcpw. Rm≥ kvIqfnse D®°™nbmWv IpSn°pI. kvIqfn\v ap≥hiØv Hcp ]oSnIbp≠v. AhnsS s\√n°bpw anTmbnbpw D≠mIpw. civanXbpw Iq´pImcnIfpw s\√n° hmßpw. Nnet∏msgms° AhfdnbmsX Rm≥ sImXntbmsS t\m°n\n¬°mdp≠v . Hcp Znhkw Fs‚ Iq´pImcn hen sbmcp s\√n° hmßn. AXns‚ Hcp hiw Xn∂v ap‰tØ°n´p. s\√n° Xn∂m\p≈ sImXntbmsS Rm\Xv t\m°n\n∂p.

Ip´nIsf√mw t]mbt\cw t\m°n Rm\sXSpØp. ]mhmS sIm≠v XpS®v at‰ `mKw Rm≥ ISn®p. Bcpw I≠n√s√m `mKyw. F\n°v kt¥mjambn. kv I qƒ hn´bpSs\ amjv Fs∂ hnfn®p. ]Xnhn√msX amjv F¥n\m hnfn°p∂Xv? F\n°v t]Snbmbn. ho´nse Imcyßsf√mw amjv tNmZn®p. t]mcptºmƒ F\n°v c≠v s\√n° hmßnØ∂p. Rm\dn bmsX Ic™pt]mbn. s\√n° In´nbXnep≈ kt¥mjtam?

AtXm, amjv Adn™pt]mbXnep≈ k¶Stam? Adnbn√.

A\p{io.sI.sI Pn.bp.]n.kvIqƒ, Xr°p‰t»cn Hm¿ΩIƒ s]m≈p∂sXßs\bmWv? \n߃°pw CØcw A\p`h߃ D≠mIpat√m. N¿® sNøq.

_methZn

10 ssI∏pkvXIw

{]h¿Ø\w 5 (60 an\n´v) \n߃ sNtø≠ apJy{]h¿Ø\w CXmWv . CXphsc \S∂ N¿®IfpsS shfn®Øn¬ Hcp ]Xn∏v / Npa¿]{Xw Xømdm°Ww. ]Xn∏n¬ {Kq∏nse F√mh¿°pw CSap≠mIWw. IY, IhnX, Nn{Xw, hnhcWw, hm¿Ø, Imcnt°®¿, ]gs©m√pIƒ, ]pXp sNm√pIƒ XpSßn GXpXcw cN\I fpamImw. ]{XØn\v `wKnbp≈ Hcp t]cpw Is≠Øns°m≈q.

N¿®bv°pw ]{X\n¿amWØn\pw kab\njvT ]men°m≥ {i≤n°pas√m.

Ip´nIfpsS AhImi߃ kzmX{¥yw (samUyqƒ) kzmX{¥yZn\hpambn _‘s∏´v am{Xw sNtø≠ Hcp {]h¿Ø\a√ CXv. Ip´nIfpsS kzmX{¥yw, AhImi߃, IpSpw_Ønse P\m[n]Xyw, enwK\oXn XpSßnb Bib ßfpambn _‘s∏´v _methZnIfn¬ Ft∏mƒ thWsa ¶nepw sNømw. {]h¿Ø\w 1 {]ikv X FgpØpImc\mb C.hn.Irjv W ]n≈bpsS "_meyImekv a cWIƒ' F∂ teJ\sØ ASnÿm\ am°nbp≈XmWv Cu {]h¿Ø\w. sIm®pIrjvWs‚ A—≥ Hcp ASn{]amW°mc\mbncp∂p.

Ip´nIsf \√hÆw ASn®phf¿ØWw. ASnIn´nb hnhcw a‰p≈hsc Adnbn°Wsa∂ ImcyØn¬ A—\v \n¿_‘ ap≠v. ho´n¬ Bsc¶nepw h∂m¬ A—≥ DSs\ hnfn°pw. ""sIm®pIrjvWm, C∂v \ns∂ Rm≥ F¥n\mWv ASn®Xv.'' ""I≈w ]d™Xn\v.'' ""F{X ASn In´n.'' ""Ccp]sØ´v.'' ""Ccp]sØt´m? AºØmdv.''

(I≈w ]dbp∂Xv ASnin£bv°v ImcWamIp∂psh¶nA—s‚ Cu ta\n]dn®nen\v ASn Int´≠XmWv . ]t£ B¿°mWv A[nImcw?) sIm®pIrjvWs‚ A\p`hsØ°pdn®v {Kq∏pIfn¬ N¿® \SØp∂p. ChnsS Ip´n t\cnSp∂ {]iv\߃ Fs¥√mw?

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 11

A—s‚ sX‰mb A®S°k¶ev]w IpSpw_Ønse A[nImcw Ip´nbpsS AhImisØ°pdn®v c£nXm°fpsS A⁄X .....................................................................................................................................

N¿®, t{ImUoIcWw, {Kq∏pIfpsS AhXcWw. {]h¿Ø\w 2 c≠p {]kvXmh\Iƒ \¬Ip∂p.

1. s]¨Ip´nIƒ acw IbdcpXv. 2. B¨Ip´nIƒ Nqev sXmScpXv. {Kq∏pIfn¬ N¿® \SØp∂p. enwKhnthN\w Xncn®dn bp∂p. Fßs\ {]Xntcm[n°mw? adnIS°mw? Fs¥√mw {]h¿Ø\߃ \SØmw? {]h¿Ø\w 3 Xmsg sImSpØ IhnX hmbn°q tImSXn ""AΩsbmcp h°oA—s\mcp PUvPn a°ƒ hmZn˛{]XnIƒ hosSmcp tImSXn.'' ˛ \njmZv.Fkv hoSns\°pdn®v Fs¥√mw Imcy߃ a\ nembn?

AΩsb h°ose∂v ]dbm≥ ImcWsa¥v? ho´n¬ B¿°mWv IqSpX¬ A[nImcw? {Kq∏n¬ N¿® \SØp∂p. IpSpw_Ønse A[nImc LS\sb°pdn®pw P\m[n]XymhImißsf°pdn®pw kqNn∏n°mw. {]h¿Ø\w 4 Xmsg sImSp°p∂ ]gs©m√pIƒ N¿® sNøq.

1. Ip´nItfmSpw \mbv°p´nItfmSpw Ifn°cpXv. 2. Ht∂ D≈psh¶n¬ De°sIm≠Sn°Ww. 3. ASn®phf¿Ønb Ip´nbpw AS®pthhn® Idnbpw \∂mIpw.

_methZn

12 ssI∏pkvXIw

]gs©m√n¬ ]dbp∂ ImcyßtfmSv \n߃ tbmPn °p∂pt≠m? tbmPn°p∂ns√¶n¬ F¥psIm≠v? ]gs©m√pIfn¬ ]Xncpt≠m? ]XncpIƒ Is≠Øp∂Xv Fßs\? Hgnhm°p∂sXßs\? (cq]s∏´ ImesØ kmaqlnIbmYm¿YyßfmWv ]g s©m√pIfn¬ {]Xn^en°p∂Xv. ]gbImesØ bmYm¿Yy ߃ ˛ P∑nXzImesØ bmYm¿Yy߃ ˛ P\m[n]Xy bmYm¿Yyßfpambn s]mcpØs∏SWsa∂n√. kaXzt_m[w F∂ P\m[n]Xy k¶¬]amWv Ip´nIfpsS AhImißsf AwKoIcn°p∂Xv. C°mcy߃ N¿®bneqsS ]pdØphcWw.)

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 13

]m´pIƒ, IhnXIƒ, IS¶Y]m´pIƒ _methZnKm\w CcpfpNo¥nsbdnbphm≥ Icfpd∏v t\Sphm≥ ]pXnbam\hobimkv{Xi‡nt\Snbpbcphm≥ Hcpabp≈ a\ pambv AcnbkwLi‡nbmbv hcnIbmWpRßfo _methZn Iq´pIm¿ inYnePmXnh¿Æt`ZNn¥bn√ Rßfncp[ncZmlap≈bp≤Nn¥bn√ Rßfnhnizam\hXzsa∂ e£yap≠pRßfnhniztamN\Øn\p≈ am¿Kap≠pap∂nembv hnhn[ imkv{XNn¥Iƒ hnf™ t_m[afiew hn]peam°phm≥ hcp∂p Rßfo Ipcp∂pIƒ Adnhv t\Snbpbcphm≥ A\oXnsb sNdp°phm≥ hcnIbmWpRßfo _methZn Iq´pIm¿

hn⁄mt\m’hKm\w Adnhn≥ tX≥I\n tXSntØSn ]ehgn h∂h¿ \Ωƒ aetaSpIfn¬ amacimJbn¬ \dpap°p‰n∏qhnAIeßfnse s]m≥Xmcßfn¬ ChnsS ]qgnØcnbnAdnhn≥ apØpIƒ Hcp]msSÆw Nncnbpw XqInbncn∏q AhbpsS IqsS IfnbmSoSm≥ ]pXnsbmcp a’csaØn Ifnbpw Nncnbpw Imcyhpambn Adnhn∂p’hsaØn hn⁄mt\m’hambn, Blm! hn⁄mt\m’hambn

_methZn

14 ssI∏pkvXIw

Aednhcns√mcp tNmZyhpanhnsS XSbm\pØcican√ IpXpInIƒ \Ωƒ hnX°pw tNmZyw hncnbp∂pØcaecmbn ]pXphn⁄m\°XncpIƒsImØm≥ ]dhIƒ \Ωƒ ]d°ptºmƒ Hcpabnsemcp \hKm\w ]mSn A`nhmZ\acpfoSpI \mw Adnhn∂p’hacntI hm Adnhn≥]qØncn Xcphm≥ hm Adnhn≥ ]q°Xn¿ Xcphm≥ hm Adnhn∂p’hacntI hm

_mtem’hKm\w sI.Sn.cm[mIrjvW≥ InepInep°pw InepInep°pw sN∏pIƒ R߃ IfIfmchw s]mgn°pw apØpIƒ R߃ hnizkuμcyta {]` sNmcn™nSq ]mcnSw apgps° R߃ I≠nSt´ ImWphm≥ tIƒ°phm≥ tNmZn°phm≥ DØc߃ tXSphm≥ [occmhm≥ hnizkuμcyta {]` sNmcn™nSq hnizamsI NndISn®p R߃ hcp∂q temIamsI im¥nKoXame]n°phm≥ bp≤tamlcm£ksc Nße°nSm≥ ]´nWn°pa⁄Xbv°padpXnhcpØm≥ hnizamsI kt¥mj∏¥epsI´m≥ H‰PmXnsbm‰h¿Ksam‰temIambv ]Tn®nSm≥ hf¿∂nSm≥ R߃ hcp∂q

t]cdnbmØ imkv{X⁄¿ ]n.a[pkqZ\≥ AhcpsS PohnXKmYIfmcpw ]mSn\S∂n√ AhcpsS t]cpIƒ I¬∏mfnIfn¬ ap{ZnXambn√ BZc]q¿hw sXcphpIfhsc sIm≠p\S∂n√ AhcpsS \maasXmcp{KŸØnepsagpXs∏´n√ \madnbp∂oehcpsS t]cpIƒ AhcpsS PohNcn{X߃ AhcoaÆn¬ Pohn®p A[zm\n®p, Nn¥n®p AXphscbmcpw Is≠ØmØh ]eXpw ]pXpXmbv Is≠Øn

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 15

AXphscbmcpw \n¿an°mØh ]eXpw ]pXpXmbp≠m°n Im´pacØn≥ tXmep NX®h¿ ISemkp≠m°n IfnaÆpcpf sa\™h¿ Iehpw Ieihpap≠m°n Debp≠m°n, DeIfneqXn Xobebp≠m°n Xobnepcp°nb temlßfn¬\n∂mbp[ap≠m°n FtßmZqctØtXm IpSnepIƒ s]‰phf¿Ønb ss]X߃ C√mbvaIsf tXm¬∏n°m\h¿ Is≠Øo ]e am¿K߃ imkv{Xah¿°p{]h¿Ø\ambn t]mcm´Øn\pXpWbmbn Pohn°ms\mcp sXmgnembn ˛ sXmgn\∂m°ms\mcp hgnbmbn \mSpIƒ hmW {]`p°∑mcpsS PmSIƒ hnkvarXamIptºmƒ t]cpIfdnbmØhcmanhsc Ncn{Xans∏mgptam¿°p∂p \Ωfh¿°mbv]mSp∂p AhcpsS hgntb t]mhp∂q \ΩpsS hgnIfnehcpsS Zo]w kz¿Æshfn®w hnXdp∂p.

\obmbncpt∂m? cmaIrjvW≥ Ipac\√q¿ D®°nhnsSØ\n®ncnt° hoinbpd°n, \obmbncpt∂m? tXm´ph°sØmcp ssIX]qt° ]qaWwX∂q, \obmbncpt∂m? ]m´p]mSps∂mcoNn√Iƒ°v XmfwsImSpØq, \obmbncpt∂m? tatebv°ptatebv°pb¿∂ptaL˛ amdmeXqØp, \obmbncpt∂m?

Im´pXobns‚ XpSpØ ssIIƒ˛ °q‰wsImSpØq, \obmbncpt∂m?

kzmX{¥yKoXw lcni¶¿ ap∂q¿t°mSv shdpsX Ncn{Xw a\x]mTam°p∂ achn®ImeØn\ncb√Ip´nIƒ Xncamet]mse \nebv°mØ tNmZy߃

_methZn

16 ssI∏pkvXIw

AeX√nsbØp∂ ISemWpIp´nIƒ ISeq‰n \mSns‚bp∏msI hn¬°phm≥ IS¬ISs∂Øntbm¿ \ne]mSpXo¿Ø\mƒ IcfptIm¿Ømbncw tZim`nam\nIƒ AXnse{X Ip´nIƒ, ]pXnb t]mcmfnIƒ Pmenb≥hmebn¬, shSntb‰p hoWh¿ tImcnØcn∏n® aÆn≥ XcnItf \odp∂tcm¿Ωbmbv ImØpkq£n®h¿ Xobp≠t]mse IW°p]d™h¿ kzmX{¥ysas∂s‚t]¿, F\n°mebw \o Xo¿Ø I¬Øpdps¶∂pK¿Pn®h≥ lnμphpw kn°pw apk¬am\pa√ Rm≥ dmw aplΩZv knwKv ˛ \maw [cn®h≥ aXsshcan√mØh¿ R߃ Ccpfns‚ aXnepIƒ s]mfn°p∂ \£{XcivanIƒ {]Wbw Nph°pw Ncn{X{Kojvaßfn]cnafw XqIp∂ ]pXnb Xosam´pIƒ

Nm{μineIƒ H.F≥.hn ""`qanX≥ a°tfm? t]mcphn≥'' Aºnfn˛ amas\Xntc¬°bmbn ""k¬°mctaIphms\¥p≠v?'' amas‚˛ Dƒ°mºv \odpIbmbn ""]mepw ]ghpw Cf\ocpan√t√m ]mhao amas‚ ho´n¬! an∂nØnfßpao I√pIƒ am{Xta DÆnIƒt°Iphm\p≈q.'' ho´n¬Xncns®ØnbpÆnIfΩsb Im´pIbmbhsb√mw B aWn°√pIƒ I≠t∏mfΩX≥ ]qangnsbt¥ \nd™p!

\mWt°Sv cmaIrjvW≥ Ipac\√q¿ H∂pIpfn°m≥ IShnendßymHØncnIÆpIfmsWt∂

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 17

F∂psSta\nbn¬Np‰n∏‰n \mWt°SmbvØo¿∂ote ]md°√n≥ adhnsemXpßn IÆpXpdn°W t]m°m®n ]mb¬s°m´mcØn¬PmeI˛ hmXn¬Xpds∂mcp sNdpao\pw IÆpIfmte CctIm¿°ps∂mcp Nq≠°mc≥ s]m∑m\pw Aßs\bßs\b\h[nIÆpIƒ am\t°SmboØo¿∂ote

Aºnfnamat\mSv C¿^m\.]n.Sn Pn.hn.F®v.Fkv.Fkv, sN¿∏pft»cn ""Ip™pa\pjym \n∂psS ]mZw F∂psS ta\nbn¬ sXm´t∏mƒ Fs‚ a\ n¬ \osbmcp ]pØ≥ sh≈nØmgvhc Xo¿Øt√m C\nsbmcp Nm{μZn\Øn¬ R߃ \s√mcp t]SIap≠m°n iq\ymImikap{ZwXm≠n \n∂psSbcnIn¬ ht∂ms´?'' ""i¶nt°≠ i¶nt°≠ Fs‚bSp°¬ ht∂mfq \£{X∏qshmØncnsbmØncn ssIIfn¬ \¬Imw NßmXn''

AºnfnbΩma≥ kRvPb≥ AºnfnbºnfnbΩmam Iºnfn Iºnfn \n≥Imcyw! \ns‚ Ij≠nØebnenSm≥ \s√mcp sXm∏n \n\°n√m; \ns‚ apJsØ°cnt]m°m≥ \s√mcp tkm∏p\n\°n√m; cm∏IepeIw Np‰oSpw

_methZn

18 ssI∏pkvXIw

Im¬∏bnkbvs°mcp KXnbn√; ImXw \qdp\S∂mepw Im∏nIpSn°m≥ hIbn√; F∂mepw Rm≥ AΩmt\m˛ Sns∂mcpImcyapct®ms´; \qdmbncambv ImWp∂p ImdpIsfßpw am\Øn¬; BbXnsems∂∂Ωma˛ ∂mZmbØnseSpØqtS?; s]t{Smfns∂mcp sNehn√ sN‰pw \nIpXn sImSpt°≠; BfpIƒ hgnamdmØXn\mAXym]Øp `hn∏oem; \ºsdSpØY tIkm°m˛ \pº¿t∏meokßn√!

Aºnfnamat\mSv kpNnX, Zo]vXn, aRvPnØv am\sØbºnfnbΩmhm I≈®ncnbnXpaXnbm°q Bwkvt{Smsßs∂mcp NßmXn At∏mtfmhn¬t°do´v \ns∂°mWm≥ h∂t∏mƒ I≈®ncnbnXp I≠n√ am\n√ apben√ \n≥aSnbnIp≠pw Ipgnbpw Iqcncn´pw I√pw aÆpw \nd™ \n∂nsh≈nØmehpw I≠n√ NmahnXbv°m≥ ]‰n√ Idpºn°v tabm≥ ]p√n√ Bfn√hnsS hmbphn√ \o shdpw ]mgvaÆpw I√pat√m

aebmfw C.Pn\≥ apf¥≠n≥ a\ neqsS aqfnhcpw sX∂¬t]mse ]≠p\ΩfdnbmsX Np≠\ßnb aebmfw

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 19

\mhn¬ h∂v \\™en™v \mSdn™ aebmfw Cu aebmfw \ΩpsS PohebXmfw Cu aebmfw \ΩpsS kvt\l`q]mfw IrjvW∏qapSn NqSn \n¬°pw HmWaebmfw Im°∏qhnsemfn®ncn°pw Hm¿Ω aebmfw ]n®IØn≥ tNm´neqsS \o≠p\o¿∂t∏mƒ Im¿apSnbn¬ XmcI߃ s]bvX aebmfw t]m¿°fØn¬ s]mcpXn hmgvØnb B¿® aebmfw th¿∏p Xp≈nIƒ hben¬ hogvØnb th\¬ aebmfw FgpØ—≥ FgpØmWnap\IfmsegpXnb Fgps∂≈pw `mjbns∂hnsSt∏mbo CSt»cn°hnXbn¬ CSwsIm≠ ]qXs∏tÆ Cdßo hm, Xncn®p Xm aebmftØ ISΩ\n´°mhpXo≠n IS∂pt]mw IpdØo \o IhnX∏q°øpambn Xncn®phmtbm aecWn°mSpIfn¬ CSbs‚ apcfnX≥ a[pcwsIm≠phmtbm aebmfta BZysØ ]gw hotWmc¶WØn≥ AΩXs‚ Bfls\mºcßfpw Xncn®p Xmtbm

ssPhsshhn[yw _m_pcmPv ae∏´w C∂seI≠ sNSnbntemtcm∂v C∂pImWp∂n√ Fßpt]mbo C∂seI≠ aWwsIm≠ ]q°fn˛ set¥ NneXn∂p Im¨aXn√m C∂se∏mdnb ]£nIfntemtcm∂v C∂p]mdp∂n√ Fßpt]mbo Is√Sv Xpºnsb∂oWØn¬ sNm√ptºmƒ Is√Sp°pw Xpºnsbßpt]mbo tXm´n≥ Ifßfn¬ \o¥nØpSn°p∂ IÆn°pdnbXns∂ßpt]mbo ap‰ØcnIn¬ Ipgnbnsemfn°p∂ Ip™n°pgnbm\sbßpt]mbo tNm∏n¬ IdpØ hcbp≈ Ip∏mb˛ an´papdnbn¬ ]Xpßn\n¬°pw XmfØnsem®hs®s∂ t]Sn∏n°pw

_methZn

20 ssI∏pkvXIw

aWhm®nØhfbpsaßpt]mbo ]®ne°pºnfn¬ Xe\o´n t\m°p∂ ]®ne∏mºpIsfßpt]mbo ta¬aÆpgpXpadn°pw Ie∏bmw aÆnc°q´ßsfßpt]mbo apßmwIpgnbn´p ao\ns\ Xncbp∂ \mS≥ Ipft°mgnsbßpt]mbo PohPme߃X≥ sshhn[yam¿s∂mco temIw \ap°q \ne\n¿Øphm≥ ""Ht´sd PohPme߃ Hcp `qan Hcp `mhn'' F∂Xv s\©nte‰mw

HmWap≠v NnßamkØnsemtcmWap≠v tImSnbmbv In´ptamtcmWap≠v D®bv°v kZy \t√mWap≠v BSms\mcmi \t√mWap≠v

F¥psIm≠v?

F¥psIm≠v? F¥psIm≠v?

F¥psIms≠¥psIms≠¥psIm≠v? am\Øp amcnhns√¥psIm≠v?

Xmc߃ an∂p∂sX¥psIm≠v? an∂man\pßns‚ hmens‚ XpºØv Nq´pan∂oSp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

Xpº∏qsht¥ shfpØncn°m≥ sNºcØo∏q Nph∂ncn°m≥? (F¥psIm≠v) AÆmd°Æ\pw ]®°nfnIfpw s]m´n®ncn°p∂ tNense≥amºgw s]m´n®ncn°mØsX¥psIm≠v? {]mhpw ]cp¥pw ]d°p∂ t]mses‚ ]q® ]d°mØsX¥psIm≠v? (F¥psIm≠v) Atßaebnse amacsams°bpw I≈∑m¿ sh´p∂sX¥psIm≠v?

Imbepw tXmSpw ]pgbpw Ipfßfpw h‰n hcfp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

Ip´\pw Ip™n®ncpXbpaΩbpw

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 21

]n®sX≠oSp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

F∂pw Nncnt°≠ Ip™nfw ss]X߃ F∂pw Icbp∂sX¥psIm≠v? (F¥psIm≠v) PmXnaX߃X≥ thenIƒ°p≈n¬ \mw \odn∏nSbp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

Gdpw hni∏n\m¬ sImSnbtcmKØn\m]mh߃ \odn∏nS™nSptºmƒ A∏w acp∂pIƒ hmtß≠ Imin\mBbp[w hmßp∂sX¥psIm≠v? ]´nWnsb¥psIm≠v?

Zmcn{Zysa¥psIm≠v?

A⁄Xsb¥psIm≠v?

Fsßsß\oXn Xebpb¿ØoSp∂p Asßms°bsßms° \n¿`oXcmbv s\©pw Xebpapb¿ØnbXyp®ØnF¥psIm≠v?

F¥psIms≠¥psIms≠¥psIms≠∂p≈ tNmZyapb¿Øphn≥ Iq´pImtc!

imkv{Xsamt∂ kXyw hnizmk߃ XncnØpsbgpXnb imkv{XIYm\pKmbItc CXnte, CXnte, CXnte..... ]m™phct´......\nßsS kz¿ÆcYw \nßsS kz¿ÆcYw, \nßsS kz¿ÆcYw inembpKØnse Kplma\pjy¿ XoIØn®Xp imkv{Xw B[p\ntImØca\pjy\n∂v N{μ\nseØm≥ imkv{Xw imkv{Xsamt∂ kXyw imkv{Xsamt∂ kXyw A⁄m\m‘X XpS®pam‰nb imkv{XkXymt\zjnIsf bpKm¥c߃ \ap°v \¬Inb imizXamaokXyw imkv{Xsamt∂ kXyw imkv{Xsamt∂ kXyw kb≥kp \¬Inb NndIpIfn¬

_methZn

22 ssI∏pkvXIw

kwKoXØn≥ hoNnIfnhcp∂p R߃ IebpsS hoW˛ °ºnIƒ ao´n∏mSn

\mfsØtemIw Ggmt®cn cmaN{μ≥ ]pe¿Imea™pt]m¬ \∑bo`qansb ]pWcp∂XmIWw \mfsØtemIw Imh¬hnf°pambv {]XymiIƒ h∂p hmXnen¬ ap´p∂XmIWw temIw Ba´nemIWw \mfsØ temIw BtemIat√m \ap°p kz¥w C√m, hne°pw hneßpw aXwh∂p X√nØI¿°p∂ Xm]hr£ßfpw C√m, hni∏ns‚ tXßepw, s]Æns‚ IÆocphoWpIeßpw \ZnIfpw Ba´nemIWw \mfsØ temIw BtemIat√m \ap°pkz¥w AXncpIfn√msØmcenhns‚ XpºnIƒ AgIns‚ ]q°fn¬ apØp∂ temIw hdpXnbpw sISpXnbpw PohnX∏®bv°p hgnamdn\n¬°pw hk¥temIw Ba´nemIWw \mfsØ temIw BtemIat√m \ap°pkz¥w bp≤∏nimNp°fn√mØ temIw ip≤kwKoXw s]mgn°p∂ temIw kqcys‚ IÆnse NqSpw shfn®hpw t\cns‚ ]mX Xpd°p∂ temIw Ba´nemIWw \mfsØ temIw BtemIat√m \ap°pkz¥w

IS¶Y (]n.`mkv I cs‚ Nne Ne®n{XKm\iIe߃ t\m°pI. kqN\Iƒ a\ nem°pI) \mgnbpcn∏mepsIm≠v \mSmtI IeymWw \me©v XpºsIm≠v am\sØmcp s]mt∂mWw A¥n°p ]Sn™mtd sNs¥ßn≥ Ipesh´n

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 23

IeymW]¥enemtcm Xqap√∏¥epsI´n BtcmSpw sNm√msX BcpamcpadnbmsX ]mcns‚ amdsØmcp s]m≥saØ∏mb \nh¿Øn (cmcn®≥ F∂ ]uc≥) Nq´phoin∏mXncmhnev Km´pt]mIpw aq∏tc NqSpshbv°m≥ \Ωfvs°mcp Xos°m≈n X∂mt´ ]n∂nsemcp ]©mbØvshf°v h®XmcmWv? FÆbn´v IcnXpS®v XncnsImfpØnbXmcmWv? (cmcn®≥ F∂ ]uc≥) F∂mtW \n∂mtW Gaqtc tXhnbmtW s]mt∂mW \nemshmcp tImSn s\bvXp ]pØcn°psImbvØpXo¿∂ ]p©hbtem ]pØ\mb tNe tase Np‰nckn®p Im‰ph∂p]nSn®n´pw De™n√ tImSn Im´pap≈n¬ hen®n´pw Iodnbn√ tImSn ]mcn\msI hnes∏´ Ikhpap≠mtW ]´pt]mse \\p\\pØ ]mhpap≠mtW (tUmIvS¿) Ing°pZn°nse sNs¥ßnIcn°ps]m¥nb t\cØv apcn°n≥Xtø \n∂psS tNm´napdp°nØp∏nbXmcmWv (BZyIncW߃) am\Øpcm{Xnbn¬ ]p≈n∏pen°fn amb∂q¿ tImhnen¬ ]mh°qØv (sh¶ew)

H∂mbm¬ \∂mbn H∂p Ifn®nSmw Iq´pImtc \ap˛ s°m∂mbv Ifn®nSmw Iq´pImtc H∂p Nncn®nSmw Iq´pImtc \ap˛ s°m∂mbv Nncn®nSmw Iq´pImtc H∂p ]Tn®nSmw Ip´pImtc \ap˛ s°m∂mbv ]Tn®nSmw Iq´pImtc

_methZn

24 ssI∏pkvXIw

H∂p hf¿∂nSmw Iq´pImtc \ap˛ s°m∂mbv hf¿∂nSmw Iq´pImtc \∂mbv hf¿∂nSmw Iq´pImtc

HØp]nSn®mHØp]nSn®m¬ aebpw t]mcpw HØns√¶n¬ ae¿∂phogpw HØmeXv HØXpXs∂ H°msX¥p≠v?

H∂qey. H∂qeymt´m (HØp]nSn®m¬) sImØns°mØn \S°pw ]dhIƒ hebn¬ hoWt∏mƒ H∂ns®m∂mbv ]d∂pb¿∂h¿ hebmXmbnt√ F¥psIm≠v?

Ahsbm∂ns®m∂mbv ]d∂p (HØp]nSn®m¬) H‰bvs°mcp Iºp apdn°m≥ Fs¥fp∏w H∂ns®m∂mbv \n¬°pw IºpIƒ Ffp∏a√t√m F¥psIm≠v?

Ahsbm‰s°´v (HØp]nSn®m¬) H‰Øp≈nsh≈wsIms≠mcp agbp≠mhn√m ]pgbp≠mhn√m H∂ns®m∂mbv s]øpw Xp≈nIƒ agbmbv amdp∂p ]pgbmbv amdp∂p H∂n®p Ifn®p ckn°m≥ H∂n®p ckn®p ]Tn°m≥ H∂mbns´mØncnsbmØncn t\SoSm≥ H∂n°pI Iq´tc H∂mIpI Iq´tc HØp]nSnt®m......... HØp]nSnt®m HØp]nSnt®m HØp]nSnt®m HØp]nSnt®m

A£b]m{Xw (h©n∏m´v) sI.i¶c≥Ip´n\mb¿, ]´W°mSv lcnX]{Xta, kqcy{]`bnemdmSn\n¬s°, Adnbp∂p, \oXs∂bmW£b]m{Xw!

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 25

(AXnYnk¬°mcØn\p hgnImWmsX he™ aXnapJn]m©menbv°p ssIh∂`mKyw!) ]I¬apgph\pw {]`mIe\w\o\SØptºmƒ hens®Sp°mdp≠nw¶memæhmXIw ]Icambv {]mWhmbp XncnsI \¬IpI aqew kaXpenXamIp∂p `uam¥co£w Icnbpw sh≈hpw Iq´n cpNntbdpw •qt°mkm°n ]cnWan∏n°pw \osbmc¤pXsa∂pw!

CSXShn√msXßpsamgpIp∂ kutcm¿÷sØ CW°n \o cmtkm¿÷ambvØf®nSp∂p Dbn¿s°m≈pw •qt°mkns‚ cmkNßeIƒtXmdpw hcpsamcp \mfn¬ \n\°p]tbmKn°m≥ ]Sn]Snbmbns´{Xhn`hw \osbmcp°p∂p ]eXcw [m\yI߃ kkysbÆIƒ LSI߃ thsd tN¿∂m¬ KpWtadpw amwkyhpamw \f]mIat√m Xhhn`hPmew!

IXn¿aWns®∏pIfn¬, ^eaqemZnIfn¬, \o IcpXnshbv°pamlmcw Ign∏q R߃ Ignhn√ sX√pw R߃°dnbn√ \ns‚ hnZy Icnbpw sh≈hpwIq´nb∂Pam°m≥ hn]peamw P¥pPmew Ignbp∂p \n≥Ir]bmAhbpsS i‡n \n∂mem¿÷nXat√m A\p]aw Xh I¿Ω]SpXzhpw ss\]pWyhpw efnXmamsW∂m¬ \ns‚ ]Wn∏pcbpw! lcnX]{Xta, kqcy{]`bnemdmSn\n¬s°, Adnbp∂p, \oXs∂bmW£b]m{Xw!

kam[m\w Cøt¶mSv {io[c≥ (am\hhnPbw B´°Y) hnScs´ hnScs´ kam[m\ ktμi߃ ]pecs´ ]pecs´ ]pXpbpK ]ndhnIƒ bp≤`oXn IecmØ ]pecnIƒ ]nd°s´ apKv≤amb kmtlmZcyw a∂nseßpw ]qhnSs´ am\hs‚ hnPbØn≥ KmY]mSn apt∂ds´ temIsa√mw H∂msW∂ ]XmIIƒ ]mdnSs´ hnScs´ hnScs´ kam[m\ ktμi߃ ]pecs´ ]pecs´ ]pXpbpK ]ndhnIƒ

_methZn

26 ssI∏pkvXIw

IfnIƒ Ip´nIfpsS am\knI˛imcocnIhf¿®bn¬ IfnIƒ°v Gsd {]m[m\yap≠v. IfnIƒ F∂ kt¶Xw shdpw kabw sIm√nIf√ F∂v Xncn®dntb≠Xp≠v. e£y߃ GItZiw C{]Imcw t{ImUoIcn°mw.

1. {i≤ h¿[n∏n°p∂p.

2. hnhn[ tijnIƒ hnIkn∏n°p∂p.

3. hna¿i\t_m[w Du´nbpd∏n°p∂p.

4. Xncn®dnhpIƒ D≠m°p∂p.

5. kwLt_m[w, t\XrXz]mShw, Bibhn\nbatijn F∂nh hf¿Øp∂p.

6. ]¶phbv°m\pw ]cnKWn°m\pw ]Tn°p∂p.

7. klnjvWpX hf¿Øp∂p.

8. kmaqlnI CSs]S¬tijn h¿[n∏n°p∂p.

9. ]cmPbtØmSv s]mcpØs∏Sm\p≈ Ignhp≠m°p∂p.

10. \nbaßsf°pdn®v t_m[yap≠m°p∂p.

AÆm\pw IqSpw c≠pt]¿ hoXap≈ {Kq∏pIfmbn h´Øn¬ ssI]nSn®v he°ÆnIfmbn IqSpt]mse apJmapJw \n¬°p∂p. h´Øn\v ]pdØv IqSpX¬ Iq´pIm¿ (AÆm∑m¿) D≠mIWw. "IqSn √mØÆmt\ hmtbm hmtbm' F∂ ]m´v F√mhcpw D®Øn]mSWw. hnkneSn°ptºmƒ AÆm∑m¿ IqSn\pNp‰pw HmSp∂p. ]m´n\nSbn¬ hnkneSn°ptºmƒ HmSns°m≠ncn°p∂ AÆm∑m¿ Iq´n¬ IbdWw. IqSn√mØ AÆm≥ ]pdØmhp∂p.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 27

IqSns‚ FÆw Ipd®v Ifn Bh¿Øn°mw. ]m´v

IpSn√mØÆmt\ hmtbm hmtbm IqSphm\ns∂mcp IqSpXmtbm BSnbpw ]mSnbpw Cuac®n√bnHmSn°fn°phm\nßphmtbm

amWnIysNºgp° Ip´nIsf h´Øn¬ tN¿Øp\n¿ØpI. Ah¿ Xmsg∏d bp∂ ]m´p]mSp∂p.

HmSp∂pt≠mSp∂pt≠ amWnIysNºgp°m B Iøneo°øntem amWnIysNºgp°m Fs‚ hewIøntem amWnIysNºgp°m Fs‚ CSwIøntem amWnIysNºgp°m H∂v CSØpht® amWnIysNºgp°m H∂v heØpht® amWnIysNºgp°m (HmSp∂pt≠mSp∂pt≠) Hcmƒ hrØØn\IØv \n¬°Ww. Cbmƒ ]m´p]mSp∂ hcpsS apJØpt\m°n BcpsS IønemWv ]gp° F∂v I≠p]nSn°Ww. Ifn XpSßp∂Xn\v apºv Hcmƒ hrØ Øn¬ \n¬°p∂hcpsS ]n∂neqsS ]gp° HmSn°Ww.

]cnNbs∏SIp´nIsf h´Øn¬ \n¿Øp∂p. BZyw F√mhcpw kz¥w t]cv ]d™v ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂p. ]n∂oSv \n¿tZin°p∂ Ip´n CSXphisØ Ip´nbpsS t]cv s]s´∂v ]dbp∂p. ]n∂oSv heXphisØ Ip´nbpsS t]cv ]dbp∂p. CXv ]e Iq´pImcnBh¿Øn°p∂p. ]n∂oSv \n¿tZin°p∂ Ip´n CSXv, kz¥w, heXv t]cpIƒ sX‰msX ]dbWw. sX‰p∂ Ip´nIƒ Ifn°v ]pdØv.

GIm{KX Ip´nIsf hrØØn¬ \n¿Øp∂p. one step front, one step back, one step left, one step right F∂nßs\ ]dbp∂p. Ip´nIƒ AX\pkcn®v action ImWn°p∂p. Ifn\bn°p∂ Ip´n Nne Ahkcßfn¬ ]dbp∂Xn\v hyXykvXamb action ImWn°pw.

_methZn

28 ssI∏pkvXIw

At∏mƒ icnbmb action ImWn°mØ Ip´nIƒ ]pdØmhp Ibpw Ahcnsemcmsf Ifn \bn°m≥ NpaXes∏SpØp Ibpw sNøp∂p.

KW]Xn°fn Ip´nIƒ hrØØn¬ HmSp∂p. hnkneSn°ptºmƒ {]Xna bmIWw. Nen®m¬ Ifn°p ]pdØv.

{KlWw Ip´nIƒ°v kqcy≥, N{μ≥, `qan F∂o t]cpIƒ sImSp°p∂p. kqcy≥ Hcp ÿeØp\n∂v kzbw Idßp∂p. `qan kzbw IdßpIbpw kqcys\ {]Z£nWwhbv°pIbpw sNøp∂p. N{μs‚ apJw Ft∏mgpw `qanbpsS t\scbmIWw. N{μ≥ `qansb {]Z£nWwhbv°p∂p. kqcy{KlWw F∂p ]dbptºmƒ AXn\\pkcn®v Ip´nIƒ ÿm\w kzoIcn °Ww. AXpt]mse N{μ{KlWw F∂p]dbptºmgpw.

hSwhen hSan√msX (km¶ev]nIhSw D]tbmKn®v) hSwhena’cw \SØp∂p.

IÆmSn°fn c≠phoXw Ip´nIsf apJtØmSv apJw \n¿Øn Hcmƒ sNøp∂Xns‚ {]Xn_nw_ambn as‰bmƒ sNøp∂p.

hkvXp°ƒ AS°nhbv°Sn∂pIƒ, ]m´Iƒ, Ip∏nIƒ, ]¥pIƒ XpSßn ]e BIrXn bnepw hen∏Ønepap≈ Ccp]Øt©mfw km[\߃ Hcp s]´n°p≈n¬ Zqtc\n∂pw ImWmØhn[Øn¬ tai∏pdØv hbv°p∂p. ASpØph∂v s]´n°p≈ntebv°v t\m°ptºmƒ Fs¥ms°bmWv D≈sX∂v ImWmw. Ip´nIsf 10 t]¿ hoXap≈ {Kq∏pIfm°p∂p. {Kq∏pIsf Zqsc taibv°pt\sc hcnbmbn \n¿Øp∂p. s]´n°p≈n¬ Iptd km[\߃ Ds≠∂pw Ah H∂n\papIfn¬ H∂mbn hbv ° Wsa∂pw Hcmƒ HscÆta FSpØphbv°mhq F∂pw ]dbp∂p. IqSpXkm[\߃ Ipd®p kabwsIm≠v hbv°p∂ {Kq∏v Pbn°pw.

CSbv°v Xmtg hoWm¬ ASpØbmƒ°v BZywapX¬ XpSßmw.

IrXykabw t\m°n hnkn¬ apg°p∂p. At∏mƒ BZysØ bmƒ HmSnh∂v Hcp km[\saSpØv tai∏pdØv hbv°p∂p.

Abmƒ hcnbpsS ]n∂n¬t]mbn\n∂m¬ c≠masØbmƒ

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 29

h∂v BZyw tai∏pdØph® km[\Øns‚ apIfn¬ as‰mcp km[\w Xmsg hogmsX hbv°p∂p. ]ØmasØ Bƒ hsc CXv XpScp∂p. BsI F{X kabsaSpØp F∂v t\m°p∂p.

G‰hpw IqSpX¬ km[\߃ Ipd™ kabwsIm≠v hogmsX hbv°p∂ Soanse F√mh¿°pw kΩm\w.

hfbaWnbn°\ofw IqSnb IgpØp≈ Hcp Ip∏nbpsS IgpØn¬ \ofw IqSnb NcSp]tbmKn®v Hcp hSnbn¬ sI´nØq°nb hfbw AWnbn°p∂p. \n›nXkabØn¬ CXv sNøp∂h¿°v kΩm\w.

kwJymt_m[w H∂mwL´w F√mIp´nIfpw 1 apX¬ 100 hscbp≈ kwJyIƒ {Iaambn FgpXp∂p. FgpXp∂Xv sX‰cpXv. sh´pItbm XncpØpItbm AcpXv. icn°v FgpXnbh¿s°√mw kΩm\w. c≠mwL´w F√m Ip´nIfpw 1 apX¬ 100 hscbp≈ kwJyIfnH‰kwJyIƒ am{Xw FgpXp∂p. FgpXp∂ kwJybnse A°ßfn¬ Cc´A°w ]mSn√. aq∂mwL´w F√m Ip´nIfpw 1 apX¬ 100 hscbp≈ kwJyIfn¬ Cc´ kwJyIƒ am{Xw FgpXp∂p. FgpXp∂ kwJybnse A° ßfn¬ H‰kwJytbm ]qPytam hcm≥ ]mSn√.

ASp°nhbv°mw Hcp s]´nbn¬ 10 km[\߃ C´ph®ncn°Ww. F{X Ip´nIƒ a’cØn\pt≠m A{Xbpw s]´nIƒ thWw. km[\ßfpsS enÃv hmbn°phm≥ sImSp°p∂p. Ip´nIƒ enÃv Hcp an\n‰v kabwsIm≠v hmbn®v enÃv XncnsI XcWw. kwKoXw Dbcptºmƒ Ip´nIƒ HmSns®∂v Ah¿°v \¬Inb enÃnep≈ {IaØn¬ km[\߃ H∂n\papIfnH∂mbn AS°nhbv°Ww.

•m n¬ \mWbanS\ndsb sh≈ap≈ _°‰n\IØv h®n´p≈ •m n\mWbanSpI. Hcmƒ°v aq∂v Ahkcw hsc \¬Imw.

_methZn

30 ssI∏pkvXIw

saΩdn {In°‰v H∂mwL´w Ip´nIƒ h´Øn¬ \n¬°p∂p. Ifn \nb{¥n°p∂ Bƒ ap≥Iqdmbn Np‰p]mSn¬ \n∂v tiJcn® hnhn[ hkvXp°ƒ (t]\, do^n¬, Xos∏´n°qSv, _m‰dn, Ãmºv, tNm°v, anTmbn ISemkv...) Hcp k©nbnen´v ssIhiw hbv°Ww. BZyw Hcp hkvXp BZysØ Ip´n°v sImSp°p∂p. B Ip´n ASpØ Ip´n°v ssIamdp∂p. Aßs\ apgph≥ Ip´nIfpsS ssI Ifnepw FØn°gn™m¬ thsdmcmƒ AXv XncnsI hmßp∂p. BZysØ Ip´n c≠masØ Ip´n°v sImSp°ptºmƒ c≠masØ hkvXp BZysØ Ip´n°v sImSp°p∂p. Aßs\ F√m hkvXp°fpw sImSpØpXo¿°p∂p. XpS¿∂v GXm\pw Ip´nItfmSv F{X km[\߃ \nßfneqsS IS∂pt]mbn, Ahbn¬ πmÃnIv F{X, FgpXphm\p]tbmKn°p∂Xv Fs¥ms° XpSßnb tNmZy߃ tNmZn°p∂p. DØcw icntbm sXt‰m F∂Xv {]iv\a√. icnbmb DØcw Ifn \nb{¥n°p∂ Ip´n ]dbp∂p. c≠mwL´w Ip´nIfpsS \Sp°v ta¬]d™ km[\߃ \ncØn hbv°p∂p. Hcp Ip´nsb (cmP≥) hrØØn¬ \n∂v Aev]w AIse am‰n \n¿Øp∂p. as‰mcp Ip´ntbmSv (eXnI) \nc Ønb km[\ßfn¬ \n∂v H∂v FSp°m≥ ]dbWw. cmPs\ hrØØn\ItØbv ° v hnfn®v eXnI FSpØ hkv X p F¥msW∂v ]dbm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂p. hnkneSn°ptºmƒ Abmƒ°v ]cntim[n®v XpSßmw. Cu kabw eXnI hrØ Øn\pNp‰pw HmSp∂p. cmP≥ hkvXp Xncn®dnbp∂ kabw sIm≠v F{X du≠v HmSntbm A{Xbpw d¨kv eXnIbv°v In´pw. XpS¿∂v cmP≥ hkvXp FSp°pIbpw eXnI Xncn®dn bpIbpw sNøp∂p.

tSmw & sPdn c≠pt]¿ hoXap≈ {Kq∏m°n Xncn°p∂p. ]ckv ] cw ssItIm¿Øv Ffnbn¬ ssI°pØn \n¬°p∂p. Iq´Ønc≠pt]cn¬ Hcmƒ tSmw Hcmƒ sPdn. tSmw ]q® sPdn Fen. Fensb ]q® HmSn°ptºmƒ Fen amfØn¬ tIdp∂p. ssI Ffnbn¬ IpØn \n¬°p∂Xn¬ GXv hiØpw FhnsSbpw IÆntNcmw. AXn\papºv sXmSpIbmsW¶n¬ sPdn tSmw Bhpw tSmw sPdn Bhpw. Xncn®pw sXmSmw. sPdn CSXp

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 31

hiØp≈ Bfpambn IÆntN¿∂m¬ heXphiØp≈ Bƒ sPdnbmhpw. heXphiØp≈ Bfpambn IÆntN¿∂mCSXphiØp≈ Bƒ sPdnbmhpw.

Rm≥ Bcv? Ip´nIƒ ]cnNbs∏´n´p≈ kkyßfpsSbpw arKß fpsSbpw t]cpIsfgpXnb ISemkv Ijv W w, ap´pkqNn F∂nh IcpXWw. Ip´nIƒ h´Øn¬ \n¬°p∂p. eoU¿ Iønep≈ ISemkpIfn¬ H∂v HcmfpsS ]ndIphiØv ]n≥ sNøp∂p. AXnsegpXnbncn°p∂ hkvXp Fs¥∂v B Ip´n ]dbWw. AXn\mbn Abmƒ°v tNmZy߃ tNmZn°mw.

Ccp]Xv tNmZyØn\p≈n¬ DØcw Is≠Ønbm¬ kΩm\w sImSp°mw.

F{X]qhn≥ t]cdnbmw A©pt]cpsS {Kq∏v. Ip´nIƒ H∂n\p ]ndIn¬ H∂mbn \n¬°Ww. ap≥]n¬ \n¬°p∂bmƒ Ip\n™v \n¬°Ww. ]n∂nse Bƒ Ip\n™p \n¬°p∂ BfpsS ]pdØph®v Adn bmhp∂{X ]q°fpsS t]cpIƒ Hcp an\n‰n\p≈n¬ Fgp XWw. Ip\n™p \n∂ Bƒ ]n∂n¬ t]mbn \n¬°Ww. BZyw FgpXnb Bƒ Ip\n™p\n∂v ASpØ Bƒ°v FgpXm≥ Ahkcw sImSp°Ww. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]q°fpsS t]cv FgpXnb {Kq∏v hnPbn°pw.

\qX\b{¥w A©pt]¿ hoXap≈ {Kq∏pIƒ. Hmtcm {Kq∏nse AwK ßfpw kzbw b{¥`mKßfmbn Hcp ]pXnb b{¥w Unssk≥ sNbvXv AhXcn∏n°Ww.

hrØ°ºw AhXmcI≥ IYbn¬ XpSßp∂p. Hcp cmPmhv Xs‚ cmPysØ hnZKv[sc £Wn®phcpØn C{]Imcw ]d™p. ""_lpam\ytc, apJhpc IqSmsX ]dbmw. \ΩpsS cmPyØv ISpØ Pe£maw A\p`hs∏Sm≥ km[yXbp≠v. AXn\v Hcp IcpX¬ \S]Sn \mw kzoIcnt°≠Xp≠v. IqSpX¬ Pew kw`cn°m≥ Ignbpwhn[w F√m IpfßfpsSbpw hnkvXrXn h¿[n∏n°Ww. AXn\p≈ km[yX BtemNn°m≥ th≠n bmWv \nßsf hcpØnbXv . Ipfßsf√mw kaNXpcØn ep≈XmWv. B ImWp∂ Ipfw t]mse.''

_methZn

32 ssI∏pkvXIw

(kaNXpcmIrXnbn¬ \mept]¿ hSw]nSn®v \n¬°p∂p.) ""IpfØns‚ \meptImWnepw \n¬°p∂ \mev ac߃ ImWp∂nt√, B ac߃ apdn°msX thWw IpfØns‚ hnkvXrXn h¿[n∏n°m≥. \n߃ klmbn°Ww.'' HmtcmcpØscbpw sIm≠v A`n{]mb߃ ]dbn∏n°p∂p. km[yXIƒ sNøn°p∂p. GItZiw Xpeyi‡n tXm∂n°p∂ hsc t\sc FXn¿`mKØv hcp∂hn[w \n¿ØWw. kaNXpcw, ]©`pPw, jUv ` pPw, k]v X w, Ajv S w F∂o {IaØnhn]pes∏SpØns°m≠v hcWw. F√mhscbpw CXn¬ ]¶mfn Ifm°Ww. hrØmImcambm¬ F√mhtcmSpw H∂v Nen°p hm≥ ]dbmw. HmtcmcpØcptSbpw ]pdIn¬ Hcp kΩm\ s∏mXn h®ncn°Ww. kz¥w kΩm\saSp°m≥ HmtcmcpØcpw ]cmamh[n {ian°Ww.

h°oepw I£nbpw Ip´nIsf h´Øn¬ \n¿Øp∂p. HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw CSXphiØp≈ Ip´n AbmfpsS h°oemWv . Abmƒ I£nbpw. AXmbXv, HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw heXphiØp≈ Ip´n AbmfpsS I£nbmWv. Abmƒ h°oepw. At∏mƒ F√mhcpw I£nbpamWv h°oepamWv. Ifn \nb{¥n°p∂ Ip´n HmtcmcpØtcmSmbn tNmZy߃ tNmZn°p∂p. DØcw ]dtb≠Xv Ip´nbpsS h°oemWv. Ip´n DØcw ]d™m¬

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 33

]pdØmIpw. kabØn\v ]dbmXncp∂m¬ h°o¬ ]pdØmIpw. (DØcw icnbmIWsa∂n√ ]dbWsat∂bp≈q).

]√m¶pgn HmtcmcpØcmbn \SØp∂ Hcp a’c{]h¿Ø\amWnXv. Nn{XØn¬ ImWp∂ XcØn¬ {Ku≠n¬ sNdnb IpgnIƒ D≠m°pI. IpgnIƒ°v 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 F∂o kvtImdpIƒ \n›bn°pI. 100 90 70 40

80 60

30

50 20

10

Ip´nIƒ°v sImSp°p∂ 10 tKmenIƒ Hcp \n›nX AIeØn¬ \n∂v Cu IpgnIfn¬ hogv Ø Ww. IpgnbnhoW Hmtcm tKmen°pw B IpgnbpsS kvtIm¿ In´pw. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ kvtIm¿ In´p∂ Ip´n Pbn°pw.

Ip´nIƒ IqSpX¬ Ds≠¶n¬ {Kq∏pIfm°mw. Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw 10 tKmenIƒ hoXw \¬IpI. {Kq∏wK߃ amdn amdn {ian°s´.

_methZn

34 ssI∏pkvXIw

KWnXw ♦ t_m¿Un¬ 1 apX¬ 12 hsc-bp≈ kwJy-Iƒ {Ia-c-ln-Xambn Fgp-Xp-I. Ip´n-Iƒ F√m-hcpw Cu kwJy-I-fn¬ GsX¶nepw H∂v a\- n¬ hnNmcn-°-s´. Hcp hSn-sIm≠v \Ωƒ Cu kwJy-Isf Hmtcm-∂mbn ap´p-∂p. \ΩpsS Hmtcm ap´-en\pw A\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm Ip´nbpw Ah¿ hnNm-cn® kwJy-bpsS IqsS Hmtcm∂v Iq´p-∂p (a\- n¬ sNbvXm¬ aXn. Dds° ]db-cpXv).

8 F∂v hnNm-cn® Ip´n BZyap´n\v 9 F∂pw ASpØ ap´n\v 10 F∂pw a\- n-se-Æp-∂p. Cßs\ FÆn-sbÆn B Ip´n 20- F∂v FÆp-tºmƒ \Ωƒ 8 F∂v kwJy-bn¬ ap´n-bn-´p -≠m-Ipw. CXp-t]mse Hmtcm Ip´nbpw FÆn-sbÆn 20-se-Øptºmƒ \Ωƒ Ah¿ hnNm-cn® kwJy-bn¬ ap´n-bn-cn-°pw.

Cu {]h¿Ø\w F√m Ip´n- I fpw Hcp- a n- ® mWv sNtø -≠-Xv. icn-bm-hp∂ apdbv°v Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ssI s]m°-s´.

Fß-s\-bmWv CXv icn-bm-hp-∂-Xv. Hcp {]tXy-I- X-c-Ønap´n-bm¬ am{Xta CXv icn-bm-hp-I-bp≈q F∂v Adn-bm-a-s√m. \Ωƒ Fgp-Xnb kwJy-I-fn¬ G‰hpw hepXv 12 BW-s√m.

12 hnNm-cn® Hcp Ip´n BZy-ap-´n\v 13 F∂v FÆp-a-s√m. ASp-ØXn\v 14. Aßs\ F´m-asØ ap´n-\mWv Abmƒ 20 F∂v FÆp-I. AXm-bXv BZysØ 7 ap´-epI-fn¬ Bcpw 20 F∂v FÆp-I-bn-√. 11 hnNm-cn® Bƒ Hº-Xm-asØ ap´n-\mWv 20 F∂v FÆp-I. AXn-\m¬ BZysØ 7 ap´-ep-Iƒ GXp kwJybn-ep-am-Imw. F´m-asØ ap´v 12¬, Hº- X m- a sØ ap´v 11ASp-ØXv 10¬. Cßs\ {Ia-ambn Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-∂mF√m-hcpw 20 F∂v FÆp-tºmƒ \Ωƒ Ah¿ hnNm-cn® kwJy-I-fn¬ ap´n-bn-cn-°pw.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 35

♦ So®¿ ¢m n¬ Hcp {]iv\w D∂-bn-®p. ""Btcm-l-W -{Iaw, Ah-tcm-l-W-{Iaw F∂nh \n߃°v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠-s√m.

1 apX¬ 10 hsc- b p≈ kwJy- I ƒ Btcm- l - W - { I- a - Ø nFgp-Xn-bm¬ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 F∂pw Ah-tcm-l-W-{I-aØn¬ Fgp-Xn-bm¬ 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 F∂pw BIp-a-s√m.

Cß-s\-b-√msX Cu kwJy-Isf thsd GsX-¶nepw {Ia-ØnFgp-Xm≥ Ignbptam?'' c≠pIp´n-Iƒ apt∂m´ph∂p.

BZysØ Ip´n Fgp-Xnb {Iaw CXm-Wv : 5, 6, 8, 7, 1, 9, 4, 10, 3, 2. c≠m-asØ Ip´n Fgp-Xnb {Iaw CXmWv : 8, 5, 4, 9, 1, 7, 6, 10, 3, 2.

Ch¿ F¥v {Ia-Øn-emWv Cu kwJy-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. \ap°v t\m°mw.

1 apX¬ 10 hsc-bp≈ kwJy-Iƒ ae-bmfw A£-c-ØnFgp-Xp-I. H∂v, c≠v, aq∂v, \mev, A©v, Bdv, Ggv, F´v, Hº-Xv, ]Øv.

Ch ae-bmfw A£-c-ame {Ia-Øn¬ (A-Im-cm-Zn-{I-a-Øn¬) Fgp-Xn-bm¬, A©v, Bdv,- F-´v, Ggv, H∂v, Hº-Xv, \mev, ]Øv, aq∂v, c≠v 5, 6, 8, 7, 1, 9, 4, 10, 3, 2 H∂m-asØ Ip´n AIm-cmZn{I-aØ - n-emWv Fgp-Xn-bXv. C\n \ap°v Cu kwJy-Iƒ Cw•ojv A£-cØ - n¬ FgpXmw. One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten Ch Cw•ojv A£- c - a me{Ia- Ø n¬ (Alphabetic order)

Fgp-Xn-bm¬, Eight, Five, Four, Nine, One, Seven, Six, Ten, Three, Two

8, 5, 4, 9, 1, 7, 6, 10, 3, 2 c≠m- a sØ Ip´n Cw•ojv A£- c - a me {Ia- Ø n- e mWv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. ♦ Ip´n- I ƒ Hcp aq∂°kwJy Fgp- X - s ´. Ah Xs∂ Bh¿Øn®v Bd°kwJy-bm-°-s´. Cu kwJysb 7 sIm≠v lcn-°-s´. lc-W-^-esØ 11 sIm≠v lcn-°-s´. Ct∏mƒ In´p∂ lc- W - ^ - e sØ 13- s Im≠v lcn- ° - s ´. F¥pIn´n?

BZyw Fgp-Xnb kwJy Xs∂ In´pw.

_methZn

36 ssI∏pkvXIw

DZm-lc - Ww : BZy-sa-gp-Xnb aq∂° kwJy 342 Bh¿Øn®v Bd-°-kwJy B°n-b-t∏mƒ 342342 CXns\ 7-sIm≠v lcn-®-t∏mƒ 48906 CXns\ 11 sIm≠v lcn-®-t∏mƒ 4446 CXns\ 13 sIm≠v lcn-®-t∏mƒ 342 Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]n∂nse KWnXw CXm-Wv. Hcp aq∂-°-kw-Jysb 1001 sIm≠v KpWn-®m¬ A°-߃ Bh¿ Øn® Bd-°-kw-Jy-bmWv In´p-I. AXm-bXv aq∂-°-kw-Jy Bh¿Øn®v Bd-°-kw-Jy-bm-°n-b-t∏mƒ \Ωƒ 1001 sIm≠v KpWn- ° p- I - b mWv sNbv X - X v . 1001 = 7 x 11 x 13. bYm¿Y - Ø n¬ \Ωƒ sNbv X Xv BZyw Fgp- X nb kwJysb 7 sIm≠pw 11 sIm≠pw 13- sIm≠pw {Ia-ambn KpWn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. At∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Cu Bd-°-kw-Jysb 7 sIm≠pw 11- sIm≠pw 13 -sIm≠pw {Ia-ambn lcn-®m¬ BZy-sa-gp-Xnb kwJy Xs∂ In´p-as - √m. ♦ H∂mw-ÿm-\Øpw ]Ømw-ÿm-\Øpw Htc A°-amb c≠-°k - wJy Ip´n-Iƒ FgpX-s´ (11, 22, 33, .... 99). Cu kwJysb 100 sIm≠v KpWn-°-s´. KpW-\-^-e-Øn¬ \n∂v BZy-sa-gpXnb kwJy Ipd-bv°-s´. Ct∏mƒ Hcp \me°kwJy In´pw. Cu kwJy-bnse Hc-°hpw AXns‚ ÿm\hpw ]d-™m¬ kwJy apgp-h-\mbn \ap°v ]d-bmw. Ah¿ BZy-sa-gp-Xnb kwJybpw ]dbmw.

Iptd Ip´n-Iƒ Hc-°hpw AXns‚ ÿm\hpw ]d-b-s´. \Ωƒ kwJy ]q¿W-ambn ]d-bp-∂p. 11, 22, 33, .... 99 F∂o 9 kwJy-Ifpw Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-s≠∂v Dd-∏m-°p-I. BZysagp-Xnb kwJy DØcw 11 1089 22 2178 33 3267 44 4356 55 5445 66 6534 77 7623 88 8712 99 9801

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 37

DØ-c-ambn In´nb kwJy-I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ ]dbs´.

1. \mev A°-ß-fp-sSbpw XpI 18 BWv. 2. A‰ kwJy-I-fpsS XpI 10 BWv. 3. a[y-kw-Jy-I-fpsS XpI 8 BWv. 4. H∂n-S-hn´ kwJy-I-fpsS XpI 9 BWv. 5. Bbncmwÿm\sØ A°-tØ-°mƒ H∂v Ipd-hmWv \qdmw- ÿ m- \ - Ø v (\qdmw- ÿ m- \ sØ A°- t Ø- ° mƒ H∂v IqSp-X-emWv Bbn-cmw-ÿm-\-Øv).

6. ]Ømwÿm\sØ A°-tØ-°mƒ H∂v IqSp-X-emWv H∂mw- ÿ m- \ - Ø v (H- ∂ mw- ÿ m- \ sØ A°- t Ø- ° mƒ H∂v Ipd-hmWv ]Ømw-ÿm-\-Øv).

7. c≠°kwJy Fgp- X m≥ XpS- ° - Ø n¬ D]- t bm- K n® A°-am-bn-cn°pw Bbncmwÿm\-Øv.

Cu {]tXy-I-X-I-fn¬ 4, 5, 6, 7 F∂nh lrZn-ÿ-am-°nbm¬ \me-°-kwJy ]q¿W-ambn ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. ♦ kZ n¬ HcmfpsS {]mbw FgpXn Hcp Ihdnen´v hmßp∂p. Ih¿ Xpd°msX Ghscbpw Aºcn∏n®psIm≠v \ap°v {]mbw ]dbm≥ Ignbpw. sNtø≠Xv CXmWv. {]mbw FgpXnb hy‡ntbmSv Abmƒ°v CjvSap≈ GsX ¶nepw Hcp kwJybn¬ \n∂v {]mbw Ipdbv°m≥ ]dbpI (CjvS kwJy {]mbtØ°mƒ hepXmbncn°Ww). Abmƒ 20 F∂v ]dbp∂psh∂v IcpXpI (CXv F√mhcpw tIƒs°bmWv).

C\n CjvSkwJytbmSv AbmfpsS {]mbØns‚ aq∂papSßv Iq´m≥ ]dbpI. Abmƒ 60 F∂v ]dbp∂psh∂v IcpXpI. C\n \n߃ Ihdn¬ FgpXnbncn°p∂ kwJy ]dbm≥ t]mIp∂p. AXn\mbn Ihdn\paosX \nßfpsS ssI∏Øn aq∂ph´w Nen∏n°pI (CXv IW°pIq´m≥ kabw In´p∂ Xn\v th≠nbmWv). Abmƒ ]d™ kwJyIƒ 20, 60 F∂nh bmWt√m. 60¬ \n∂v 20 Ipdbv°pI. 40 In´pw. CXns\ 4 sIm≠v lcn°pI. At∏mƒ e`n°p∂ 10 Bbncn°pw {]mbw.

BcpsS {]mbw thWsa¶nepw Cßs\ ]dbmw. Iq´pIm¿ ]dbp∂ kwJyIfpsS hyXymksØ 4 sIm≠v lcn®maXn. CXnse KWnXw F¥msW∂v t\m°mw. CjvSkwJy x F∂pw {]mbw y F∂pw Ccn°s´.

_methZn

38 ssI∏pkvXIw x - y = 20 ................(1) x + 3y = 60 .................(2) (2)¬ \n∂v (1) Ipd®m¬, 4y = 40 y = 10 Ip´n ]d™ kwJyIƒ abpw bbpw BsW¶n¬, hb v (b-a)/4 Bbncn°pw.

At∏mƒ

♦ \nßfpsS Iøn¬ Iptd 50 cq] t\m´pw Iptd 20 cq] t\m´pw Iptd 5 cq] t\m´pw Ds≠∂ncn°s´. CXn¬ GsX ¶nepw 20 FÆw tN¿Øv 500 cq] B°m≥ ]‰ptam?' Ip´nItfmSv tNmZn°p∂p. Ah¿ {ian°s´. Iptdkabw Ign™n´pw B¿°pw ]‰nbns√¶n¬ 300 cq]bm°nbmepw aXnsb∂v ]dbpI. AXpw icnbmbns√¶n¬ 200 cq]bm°m≥ Bhiy s∏SpI. ho≠pw ]cmPbw. "\n߃ C{Xt\cw {ian®n´pw icnbmImØXn\m¬ CXv km[yas√∂v hcmw. ]t£ AXv \mw sXfnbn°Ww. Fßs\? \ap°v 500 cq]bpsS Imcyw Xs∂ FSp°mw. km[n°psa¶n¬, x 50 cq] t\m´pw y 20 cq] t\m´pw z 5 cq] t\m´pw FSpsØ∂v hnNmcn°pI. At∏mƒ, 50x + 20y + 5z = 500 x + y + z = 20 (1)s\ 5 sIm≠v lcn®m10x + 4y + z = 100 (3)¬ \n∂v (2) Ipd®m9x + 3y = 80 (4)s\ 3 sIm≠v lcn®m3x + y = 80/3

...........(1) ...........(2) ...........(3) ...........(4)

Cu hmIyØns‚ A¿Ysa¥mWv. 50 cq] t\m´pIfpsS FÆØns‚ aq∂paSßns‚ IqsS 20 cq] t\m´pIfpsS FÆw Iq´nbm¬ Hcp `n∂kwJybmWv In´pI. Aßs\ hcn√s√m.

AXpsIm≠v 20 t\m´pIƒ D]tbmKn®v 500 cq]bm°m≥ Ignbn√.

AXpt]mse 300 Dw 200 Dw B°m\pw Ignbn√. sNbvXpt\m°q. ♦ Ip´nIƒs°√mw Hmtcm ]pkvXIw sImSp°p∂p. F√mhcpw GsX¶nepw Hcp t]Pnse BZysØ HºXv hcnIfnsem∂n\n∂v BZysØ HºXv hm°pIfnsem∂v sXcs™Sp°s´. t]Pv \ºdns\ 10 sIm≠v KpWn°pI. KpW\^eØns‚

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 39

IqsS 25 Iq´pI. hcn\ºdpw Iq´pI. Cu XpIsb 10 sIm≠v KpWn°pI. hm°v \º¿ Iq´pI. Ct∏mƒ XpI F{Xsb∂v ]d™m¬ hm°v \ap°v Is≠Ømw (XpIbn¬ \n∂v 250 Ipd®v In´p∂ kwJybpsS 1˛mw ÿm\sØ A°w hm°v\ºdpw 10˛mw ÿm\sØ A°w hcn\ºdpw tijn°p∂ kwJy t]Pv \ºdpw Bbncn°pw). t]Pv \º¿ 18 F∂pw hcn\º¿ 4 F∂pw hm°v\º¿ 6 F∂pw IcpXpI. 18 x 10 = 180. 25 Iq´ptºmƒ 180 + 25 = 205. hcn\º¿ Iq´ptºmƒ 205 + 4 = 209.

CXns\ 10 sIm≠v KpWn°ptºmƒ 2090. hm°v \ º¿ Iq´ptºmƒ 2090 + 6 = 2096.

CXn¬\n∂v 250 Ipd®m¬ 1846. 18˛masØ t]Pn4˛masØ hcnbnse 6˛masØ hm°v. ♦ I√pIƒ D]tbmKn®v c≠pt]¿ Ifnt°≠ Hcp IfnbmWv ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv . Iptd I√pIƒ \ncØnhbv ° p∂p.

BZysØ Ip´n Ahbn¬ \n∂v Ipd®pI√pIƒ FS°p∂p. ]ns∂ c≠masØ Ip´n Ipds®Sp°p∂p. ho≠pw BZysØ Ip´n. Cßs\ FSpsØSpØv Ahkm\ I√pIƒ FSp°p∂ Ip´n Pbn°p∂p. Hcp \n_‘\bp≠v . Hmtcm XhWbpw FSp°p∂ I√pIfpsS FÆw aq∂n¬ IqSm≥ ]mSn√. Ht∂m ct≠m aqt∂m I√pIƒ Hcp {]mhiyw FSp°mw. Cu Ifn ]cnNbs∏SpØptºmƒ \ap°v Pbn°m≥ Hcp kq{Xap≠v.

I√pIfpsS FÆw \mens‚ KpWnXamb kwJybm°pI. (CXv kplrØv AdnbcpXv). kplØnt\mSv Ifn XpSßm≥ ]dbpI. Abmƒ HscÆsaSpØm¬ \Ωƒ aqs∂ÆsaSp°pw.

Abmƒ cs≠ÆsaSpØm¬ \Ωfpw cs≠ÆsaSp°pw. Abmƒ aqs∂ÆsaSpØm¬ \Ωƒ HscÆsaSp°pw. Aßs\bmhp tºmƒ c≠pt]cpw FSpØpIgn™m¬ \mepI√pIƒ t]mbn °mWpat√m. _m°nbp≈ I√pIfpsS FÆhpw \mens‚ KpWnXambncn°pas√m. ho≠pw kplrØv FSp°p∂p.

Abmƒ FSp°p∂ I√pIfpsS FÆØn\\pkcn®v BZyw kqNn∏n® t]mse \Ωfpw FSp°pw. Cßs\ F{X {]mhiyw Bh¿Øn®mepw _m°nhcp∂Xv \mens‚ KpWnXamb FÆ ambncn°pw. DZmlcWØn\v 40 I√pIƒsIm≠v XpSßn F∂v hnNmcn°pI. H∂mw L´w Ignbptºmƒ _m°n hcp∂Xv 36. ]ns∂ 32. XpS¿∂v 28, 24, 20, 16, 12, 8, 4 Ahkm\sØ

_methZn

40 ssI∏pkvXIw

\mseÆØn¬ \n∂v aq∂n¬ IqSpX¬ FSp°m≥ kplrØn\v Ignbn√s√m. \ΩpsS hnPbw Dd∏v. \ncmi\mb kplrØns\ Bizkn∏n®psIm≠v \ap°v ]dbmw. "Ign™ {]mhiyw Xm\t√ XpSßnbXv CØhW Rm≥ XpSßmw.' XpS¿∂v I√pIƒ \ncØp∂p. Ct∏mƒ \mens‚ KpWnXtØ°mƒ Ht∂m ct≠m aqt∂m FÆw IqSpX¬ hbv ° Ww. \Ωƒ Ifn XpSßp∂p. F{XsbÆ amtWm IqSpX¬ h®Xv A{Xbpw \ΩsfSp°p∂p. At∏mƒ kplrØn\v In´p∂Xv \mens‚ KpWnXamb FÆamhpas√m.

CØhWbpw hnPbw \ap°pXs∂. ¢m vapdnbn¬ CXv F√mh¿°pw th≠n AhXcn∏n°p tºmƒ Is√Sp°¬ {]mtbmKnIa√. F√mh¿°pw ImWm≥ Ignbn√. t_m¿Un¬ sNdnb hrØ߃ hc®m¬ aXn. Is√Sp °p∂Xn\v ]Icw hrØßfn¬ x Nn”w CSpI. aqs∂ÆØnIqSpX¬ hrØßfn¬ Nn”anScpXv . kplrØmWv Ifn XpSßp∂sX¶n¬ \mens‚ KpWnXamb FÆw hrØ߃ hcbv°pI. \ΩfmWv XpSßp∂sX¶n¬ \mens‚ KpWnX tØ°mƒ IqSnb FÆw hcbv°pI. ♦ Hcp Ip´n Hcp s]´nbn¬ c≠p Nph∂ s]≥knepIfpw as‰mcp s]´nbn¬ c≠v IdpØ s]≥knepIfpw aq∂masXmcp s]´nbn¬ Hcp Nph∂ s]≥knepw Hcp IdpØ s]≥knepw C´p. Ch Xncn®dnbØ°hÆw A£c߃ FgpXnh®p.

H∂matØXn¬ "Np, Np' F∂pw c≠matØXn¬ "I, I' F∂pw aq∂matØXn¬ "Np, I' F∂pw.

Np, Np I, I Np, I Ipd®pIgn™t∏mƒ Ahs‚ Hcp Iq´pImc≥ h∂v Cu s]´nbnse km[\߃ am‰nh®p. Ct∏mƒ Hcp s]´nbnsebpw s]≥knepIfpsS \ndw ]pdØv FgpXnbncn°p∂ A£c ßfpambn tbmPn°p∂n√. Hcp s]´nbn¬ \n∂v HscÆw am{XsaSpØv Ct∏mƒ s]´nIfnep≈ s]≥knepIfpsS \ndw ]dbm≥ Ignbptam? Ip´nIƒ BtemNn°s´. B¿°pw Ign ™ns√¶n¬ am{Xw kq{Xw ]d™psImSp°pI. aq∂masØ s]´nbn¬\n∂v Hcp s]≥knseSpØv AXns‚ \ndw t\m°pI. AXv Nph∏msW¶n¬ B s]´nbnse c≠masØ s]≥knepw Nph∏mbncn°pw. ("Np, I' ]‰n√t√m).

BZysØ s]´nbn¬ "Np, Np' Bhn√. AhnsS "I, I' hcpw.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 41

c≠masØ s]´nbn¬ "Np, Np'.

I, I Np, I

Np, Np

aq∂masØ s]´nbn¬ \ns∂SpØ s]≥kn¬ Idp ∏msW¶n¬ c≠masØ s]≥knepw IdpØXmbncn°pw.

At∏mƒ BZysØ s]´nbn¬ "Np, I' bpw c≠matØXn"Np, Np'hpw aq∂matØXn¬ "I, I' bpw Np, I Np, Np I, I ♦ Ip´n-I-tfmSv 1 apX¬ 30 hsc-bp≈ kwJy-Iƒ Xmsg ImWp∂ Xc-Øn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

I 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28

II 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29

III 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

Hmtcm tImf-Ønepw 10 kwJy-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ 3 tImf߃ In´n-b-t√m. C\n Cu 30 kwJy-I-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw cs≠Æ-sa-SpØv XpI ImWs´. Htc tImf-Øn¬\n∂v c≠v kwJyIƒ FSp-°-cp-Xv. XpI Adn-™m¬ GXv tImf-Øn¬ \n∂mWv FSp-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv F∂v \ap°v ]d-bm≥ Ignbpw (Xp-Isb 3 sIm≠v lcn-°p-I. injvSw ]qPy-am-sW-¶n¬ aq∂mw-tImfw FSp- Ø n- ´ p- ≠ m- h n- √ . injv S w 1 BsW- ¶ n¬ c≠mw- t Imfw FSp-Øn-´p-≠m-hn-√. injvSw 2 BsW-¶n¬ H∂mwtImfw FSpØn-cn°n√). C°mcyw bm{¥n-I-ambn Ip´n-I-tfmSv ]d-b-cp-Xv. F√m-hcpw XpI I≠p-I-gn-™m¬ GXm\pw t]tcmSv XpI tNmZn-°p-Ibpw FSp-°mØ tImfw GsX∂v \Ωƒ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp- I . kq{Xw ]d™p sImSp- ° p- ∂ - X n\v ap≥]v Hmtcm hn`m-K-Ønepw 5 DZm-l-c-W-߃ FSp-°p-I. a---- q∂mw-tImfw FSp-°m-Ø-h-cpsS XpI : 9, 27, 57, 45, 18 c≠mw-tImfw FSp-°m-Ø-h-cpsS XpI : 58, 10, 31, 7, 37 H---- ∂mw-tImfw FSp-°m-Ø-h-cpsS XpI : 11, 38, 29, 23, 32

_methZn

42 ssI∏pkvXIw

Hmtcm sk‰n-s‚bpw {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s´. BZy sk‰nse kwJy- I ƒ 3s‚ KpWn- X - ß - f m- s W∂v ImWmw. Ahsb 3 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ injvSw ]qPy-am-W-t√m. AXpt]mse c≠m-asØ sk‰nse kwJy-Isf 3 sIm≠v lcn®m¬ injvSw 1Dw aq∂m-asØ sk‰v kwJy-Isf 3 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ injvSw 2Dw Bhp-a-s√m.

Chn-sS Hmtcm tImfhpw 3 s]mXp-hy-Xym-k-amb kam-¥-ct{]m-{K-j-\m-sW∂v ImWmw. ]Ømw-¢m- n\v ap≥]p≈ Ip´nIƒ°v kq{Xw am{Xw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ aXn. kam-¥-c -t{]m-{K-js‚ n˛mw ]Zw ImWm≥ Adn-bp-∂-h¿°v kq{X-Øn\v ]pdsa imkv{Xob hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw sImSp-°mw. ♦ 1 apX¬ 10 hsc-bp≈ kwJy-Iƒ kocn-b¬ \º-dmbn Xmtgm´v Fgp-Xp-I. 1, 2 \º-dp-Iƒ°v t\sc Hmtcm Hc° kwJy-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I. H∂m-a-sØbpw c≠m-a-sØbpw kwJyIƒ Iq´n 3\v t\sc Fgp-XpI. c≠m-a-sØbpw aq∂m-a-sØbpw Iq´n 4\v t\sc Fgp-Xp-I. CXp-t]mse 10 \º-dp-Iƒ°pw sNøp-I. Cßs\ In´nb 10 kwJy-I-fp-sSbpw XpI Ah¿ I≠v \Ωƒ ImWmsX Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw Ipdn®phbv°-s´.

Hmtcm- c p- Ø - c p- s Sbpw IS- e m- k p- I ƒ hmßn H‰- t \m- ´ - Ø n\ap°v XpI ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. (7˛mw \º-dn\p t\sc-bp-≈ kwJysb 11 sIm≠v KpWn-®m¬ aXn).

DZm-l-cWw : 1

4

1

x

2

6

2

y

3

10 (4 + 6)

3

x+y

4

16 (6 + 10)

4

x + 2y

5

26 (10 + 16)

5

2x + 3y

6

42 (16 + 26)

6

3x + 5y

7

68 (26 + 42)

7

5x + 8y

8

110 (42 + 68)

8

8x + 13y

9

178 (68 + 110)

9

13x + 21y

10

288 (110 + 178)

10

21x + 34y

XpI 748 7˛masØ kwJy X 11= 68 X 11 = 748

XpI 55x+88y = 11 (5x+8y) 7˛masØ kwJy X 11

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 43

♦ NXp-cwK∏-e-I-bn¬ F{X ka-N-Xp-c-߃?

Idp∏pw shfp-∏p-ambn 64 I≈n-I-fmWv NXp-cw-K-∏-e-I-bn(sNkvt_m¿Uv) D≈-sX∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw. AXn-\m¬ 64 kaNXpc-ß-fmWv AXn-ep-≈-sX∂v ]d-bmtam? C√. ImcWw 4 I≈n- I ƒ hoX- a p≈ Iptd ka- N - X p- c - ß ƒ D≠v . 9 I≈nI-fp-≈-hbpw D≠v. Cßs\ t\m°n t\m°n 64 I≈n-I-fp≈ Hcp henb ka-NX - p-chpw In´pw. Ch Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw FÆw Is≠-Øm≥ {]bm-k-am-Wv (]‰n√ F∂-√. {ia-I-c-am-Wv).

BsI FÆw ImWm≥ Hcp am¿K-ap-≠v. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn°p∂ Nn{X-߃ t\m°q.

1

4

2

3

5

_methZn

44 ssI∏pkvXIw

Nn{Xw 1¬ Hcp ka-NX - pcw am{Xw. Nn{Xw 2¬ Hcp henb ka-N-Xp-chpw 4 sNdnb ka-N-Xp-cßfpw.

BsI ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ 1 + 4.

Nn{Xw 3¬ Hcp henb ka-N-Xpcw. 4 I≈n-Iƒ tN¿∂ 4 ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ, 9 sNdnb ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ.

BsI ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ 1 + 4 + 9.

Nn{Xw 4¬ 16 I≈n-If - p≈ Hcp henb ka-NX - pcw. 9 I≈n-Iƒ hoX- a p≈ 4 ka- N - X p- c ߃. 4 I≈n- I ƒ hoX- a p≈ 9 kaN-Xp-c߃. 16 sNdnb ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ.

BsI ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 Cu {Ia-Øn¬ Nn{Xw 5¬ F{X ka-N-Xp-c-߃ Ds≠∂v ImWmtam?

Nn{Xw Hcp-hc - n-bn-ep≈ BsI ka-NX - p-cß - ƒ I≈nIƒ 1 1 1 2 2---1 + 4 =-- 12 + 22 3 3---1-- + 4 + 9 =-- 12 + 22 + 32 4 4---1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 Cßs\ t\m°n- b m¬ Nn{Xw 5se ka- N - X p- c - ß - f psS FÆw 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 BIp-a-s√m. NXpcw-K-∏-e-I-bnHcp hcn-bn¬ 8 I≈n-I-fm-W-s√m. AXn-\m¬ BsI ka-N-Xp-cß-fpsS FÆw 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + 62 + 72 + 82 = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 = 2-04.

Ipdn∏v : 12 + 22 + 32 + .............................. + n2 = [n(n+1)(2n+1)]/6

F∂ kq{XhmIyw D]tbmKn®m¬, 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + 62 + 72 + 82

= [8(8+1)(2 X 8+1)]/6 = [8 X 9 X 17)]/6 = [72 X 17)]/6 = 12 X 17 = 204

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 45

♦

Cu kq{XhmIyw t_m¿Un¬ FgpXpI. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 am k ß fn¬ ta Sw kp {] [m \w ({]h¿Ø\w XpSßp∂Xn\v apºv Ip´nItfmSv Hcp Imcyw ]dbWw. Cu {]h¿Ø\w \S°ptºmƒ kz¥w ISemknam{Xta Ip´nIƒ t\m°phm≥ ]mSp≈q. a‰p≈h¿ FgpXp∂Xv t\m°nbm¬ "ck®cSv' CSbv°ph®v s]m´nt∏mIpw. {i≤n °pI). Ip´nIƒ F√mhcpw 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 F∂o A° ßfn¬ \n∂v 4 A°ßƒ FSpØv Hcp \me°kwJy FgpXs´.

FgpXnb kwJybnse BZysØ c≠v A°ßfn¬ \n∂pw (1000, 100 ÿm\߃) 1 Ipd®psIm≠v AhbpsS Xmsg FgpXs´. Ahkm\sØ c≠v A°ßtfmSv (10, 1 ÿm\ ߃) 1 Iq´nbpw AhbpsS Xmsg FgpXs´. BZysØ \me° kwJybn¬ \n∂v c≠maXv FgpXnb \me°kwJy Ipdbv°s´.

Ipd®pIn´nb DØcØnse A°ßƒ°v ]Icw kq{XhmIyw t\m°n A£c߃ FgpXs´. In´nb hm°v F√mhcpw Hcpan®v ]dbs´.

BZyw FgpXnb \me°kwJy 3842 F∂v IcpXpI. 3, 8 F∂nhbn¬ \n∂v 1 Ipd®m¬ 2, 7 In´pw.

4, 2 F∂nhtbmSv 1 Iq´nbm¬ 5, 3 In´pw.

At∏mƒ c≠masØ kwJy 2753 BIpw. kwJyIƒ XΩnep≈ hyXymkw 3842 ˛ 2753 = 1089. kq{XhmIyw A\pkcn®v 1 = k, 0 = am, 8 = [m, 9 = \w 1089 = kam[m\w hniZoIcWw BZyw FgpXnb kwJy = x y z t [x BbncØn y \q‰n z ]Øn t] c≠masØ kwJy = x-1 y--1 z+1 t+1 [(x-1) BbncØn (y-1) \q‰n (z+1) ]Øn (t+1)] BZysØ kwJybn¬ \n∂v c≠masØ kwJy Ipd®m¬, 1000 [x - (x-1)] + 100 [y - (y-1)] + 10 [z - (z+1)] + 1 [t - (t+1)] = 1000 + 100 - 10 - 1 = 1100 - 11 = 1089 -= kam[m\w. "hnScs´ hnScs´ kam[m\ ktμi߃' F∂ ]m´p]mSn {]h¿Ø\w Ahkm\n∏n°mw.

_methZn

46 ssI∏pkvXIw

\n¿ΩmWw D]IcW߃ sXcs™Sp°m\pw {]tbmKn°m\pap≈ tijn h¿[n∏n°p∂XmWv \n¿amW{]{Inb. Xmsg ]dbp∂ tijnIƒ IqSn B¿÷n°m\mIpw. 1. {i≤n°m\p≈ Ignhv h¿[n∏n°p∂p.

2. £amioew D≠mIm≥ DXIp∂XmWv. 3. kq£v a {]h¿Ø\߃ \SØm≥]‰p∂ hn[ØnssIIsf ]cphs∏SpØm≥ Ignbp∂p.

4. a\ ns\ GIm{Kam°m≥ km[n°p∂p.

5. GsXmcp {]h¿Ø\Øn\pw e£yw BhiyamsW∂ Adnhv e`n°p∂p.

sNSnIƒ \Smw Bhiyap≈ hkvXp°ƒ : πmÃn°v Ip∏nIƒ, NcSv, I´¿, aÆv, NIncnt®m¿, NmW Is∏mSn, BWn, Pew, sNdnb C\w sNSnIƒ (tS_nƒ tdmkv, apfIvsNSn). {]h¿Ø\w 1 BWn D]tbmKn®v Ip∏n bpsS Nph´n¬ ZzmcßfnSpI. Ip∏nbpsS IgpØn\p Nph´n embn ct≠m aqt∂m hmXmb \߃ I´¿ D]tbmKn®v D≠m°pI.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 47

{]h¿Ø\w 2 πmÃn°v Ip∏nbpsS hiØp \n∂pw `mKw \ofØn¬ apdn®v am‰p∂p. Nph´n¬ BWnbp]tbmKn®v aqt∂m \mtem XpfIƒ CSp∂p. c≠v Ip∏nIfnepw aÆpw NIncnt®mdpw hfhpw \nt£ ]n®v sNSnIƒ \Smw. BZytØXv NcSn¬ sI´nØq°nbnSmw.

Ip∏nh≠n Bhiyap≈ hkv X p°ƒ : πmÃn°v Ip∏n, Ip∏nbpsS AS∏pIƒ, _eap≈ Cu¿°n¬, apf¶ºv NoInsbSpØXv IpS°ºn ˛ 5 FÆw, d∫¿ _m‚ v, BWn. {]h¿Ø\w πmÃnIv Ip∏nsbSpØv Hcp hiØv FØØ° hn[w aq∂v IºpIƒ IS ∂pt]mIphm≥ X° Xpf IfnSpI. \Sphnep≈ XpfIsfbpw GsX¶nepw A‰Øp≈ c≠pXpfI sfbpw _‘n∏n°p∂ hn[w apIfn¬ (Ip∏nbpsS hiØv) Xpd°Ø°hn[w Hcp hmXn¬ D≠m°pI. c≠‰Øpap≈ XpfIfneqsS IºpISØn Ip∏nbpsS AS∏pIƒ sIm≠p≈ N{Iw Dd∏n°pI. GsX ¶nepw A‰Øp≈ N{Iw ]nSn∏n® Iºpw \Sp°p≈ Iºpw XΩn¬ d∫¿_m‚ v apdn®v _‘n∏n°pI. h≠n N{Iw \ne Øq∂n Nen∏n®tijw ssIhn´m¬ h≠n ]pdIntebv ° v HmSp∂XpImWmw.

]∂KNe\w Bhiyap≈ hkv X p°ƒ : 3- ˛ 4 C©v {Sm≥kv ] mc‚ v tlmkv ˛ 60 sk.ao., hfbv°mhp∂ Iºn ˛ 70 sk.ao, NcSv, Ip∏nbpsS AS∏v, do^n√¿, Pew {]h¿Ø\w IºnsbSpØv Hc‰Øv sNdnsbmcp lp°v D≠m°pI, XpS¿∂v kvss]d¬ BIrXn bn¬ Iºn hfbv°pI. tlmkv Iºnbpambn tN¿∂ncn°Ø° hn[w NcSp]tbmKn®v sI´pI. lp°n¬ NcSv sI´nØq°nbnSpI.

_methZn

48 ssI∏pkvXIw

ASn`mKØv tlmkns‚ A‰w Ip∏n bpsS AS∏p]tbmKn®v apdp°n AS bv°pI. AS∏n\papIfn¬ Xpfbn´v t]\bpsS do^n√dns‚ Hcp`mKw ]nSn∏n°pI. tlmkn¬ sh≈w \nd®v kzX{¥ambn hnSpI.

a¿±am]n\n Bhiyap≈ hkvXp°ƒ : C©v seh¬ tlmkv ˛ ao‰¿, ^W¬, _eq¨ ˛1, NcSv, Dbcap≈ ]m{Xw, Pew, ]eI, ¢n∏v {]h¿Ø\w seh¬tlmkv BIrXnbn¬ Hc‰w hcØ°hn[w ]eIbn¢n∏v sNøpI. at‰ A‰Øv Hcp ^W¬ Dd∏n®v Ipd®v sh≈w BIrXnbp≈ `mKØv \ndbv°pI. ^Wens‚ Xpd∂`mKØv _eq¨ Dd∏n®v Dbcap≈ ]m{XØnse PeØntebv ° v XmgvØpI. PeØns‚ ASnbnte°v XmgvØptºmƒ `mKsØ Pe\nc∏n¬ am‰w hcp∂pt≠m ImcWsa¥v?

cq]am‰w Bhiyap≈ hkvXp°ƒ Htc Afhnep≈ Cu¿°nepIƒ 5 FÆw, ssk°nƒ hm¬hv Syq_v C©v \ofw ˛ 5 FÆw {]h¿Ø\w Cu¿°nens‚ A‰Øv hm¬hv Syq_v IjWw ]nSn∏n°pI. F√m Cu¿°n epIfpw ]ckv]cw CXpt]mse _‘n∏n °pI. ]©`pPw e`yamIpw. CXp]tbmKn®v a‰pXcØnF{X cq]߃ D≠m°mw. ]ckv]c_‘w hnSphn°cpXv. {ian®v t\m°pI. Cu¿°n¬ Xos∏´nt°m¬, hm¬hv Syq_v F∂nh D]tbmKn®v t£{XKWnXcq]߃, Iyq_pIƒ F∂nh D≠m°msa∂v {ian®v t\m°pI.

sÃXkvt°m∏v Bhiyap≈ hkvXp°ƒ : C©v seh¬tlmkv 1 ao‰¿,

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 49

πmÃnIv t]\bpsS 1 C©v \ofap≈ IjW ߃ ˛ 6, πmÃnIv Ip∏nbpsS AS∏pIƒ ˛ 3, _eq¨ d∫¿jo‰v {]h¿Ø\w seh¬ tlmkv 35 sk.ao. hoXap≈ c≠pw 30 sk.ao. D≈ H∂pw IjWßfmbn apdn°pI. Htc hep∏ap≈ c≠v πmÃnIv AS∏pIƒ ]c kv]cw A`napJambn hcØ°hn[w ]itX®v H´n°pI. tlmkv IjWßfpsS c≠v A‰ßfn epambn t]\bpsS IjW߃ Ib‰n _eambn Dd∏n®p hbv°pI. ]ckv]cw H´n® πmÃnIv AS∏ns‚ hißfn¬ aq∂nS Ømbn Xpfbn´v aq∂v Syq_pIfpsSbpw Hmtcm A‰w ISØn ]i tX®v Dd∏n°pI. 30 sk.ao. Syq_ns‚ tijn® A‰w aq∂masØ πmÃnIv AS∏ns‚ Hcp hiØv Xpfbn´v Dd∏n °pI. AS∏ns‚ Xpd∂v InS°p∂ `mKØv d∫¿ jo‰v _eq¨ s]mXn™v sI´pI. sÃXkv t °m∏v sdUn. lrZbanSn∏v ]cntim[n°mw.

Dcp≠pw Fgpt∂‰pw Bhiyap≈ hkv X p°ƒ : \ofap≈ SqØv t]Ãns‚ Ih¿, I´¿, Ihdn¬ kzX{¥ambn Nen°p∂ Hcp tKmen, ]i, \ofap≈ ]eI/Ncn™ {]Xew.

{]h¿Ø\w SqØv t]Ãv Ihdn\IØv tKmen \nt£]n® tijw Ih dns‚ c≠‰hpw A¿≤ hrØmIrXnbn¬ sh´n I´nbp≈ t]∏¿ D]tbmKn®v H´n°pI. Hcp sNcn™ {]XeØn]eIbn¬ h®v Ne\w \nco£n°pI.

sehnt‰j≥ Bhiyap≈ hkv X p°ƒ : _m‰dnbp]tbmKn®v i_v Z ap≠m°p∂ Ifn∏m´ßfn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂ du≠v am·‰p Iƒ ˛ 6 FÆw, s]≥kn¬˛1, πmÃnIv kv s Ibnens‚

_methZn

50 ssI∏pkvXIw

IjWw, πmÃnIv IjWw, kv t ]m©v sNcn∏n\p]tbmKn °p∂ jo‰v.

{]h¿Ø\w kvt]m©v jo‰n¬ Nn{XØnteXpt]mse \mev am·‰pIƒ Dd∏n°pI. AtX Afhn¬ Xs∂ _m°nbp≈ c≠v am·‰p Iƒ s]≥knenepw Dd∏n°pI. s]≥knense am·‰pIfpw kv t ]m©nse am·‰pIfpw Htc s]mknj\n¬ hcØ° hn[w h®v s]≥knens‚ ap\ hcp∂ ÿeØv πmÃnIv IjWw Dd∏n°pI. am·‰ns‚ hnI¿jWw F∂ XXzw D]tbmKn®mWv sehnt‰j≥ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv F∂v a\ n em°nthWw {]h¿Ø\w sk‰v sNtø≠Xv. F¥pkw`hn °psa∂v Xncn®dnbpI.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 51

imkv{X{]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ ]co-£W - ß - ƒ imkv{Xw {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS A\n-hmcy LS-I-ß-fmWv, ]co-£-W-ßfpw t{]mP-IvSp-I-fpw. Ip´n-Iƒ°v hy‡n-]-c-amtbm, {Kq∏m-tbm, sNøm-hp∂ coXn-bn-emWv {]h¿ Ø-\-ßfpw ]co-£-W-ßfpw {Iao-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv. ]co-£W-߃°v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ e£y-am-°mhp∂-Xm-Wv. i.

Adnhv \n¿am-W-Øn\v klm-bn°p∂Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ii.

At\zjW_p≤n-tbmsS Hmtcm L´hpw IS∂pt]mIphm≥ Ignb-Ww. iii. {Iam- \ p- K - X - a mbn bp‡n- ` - { Z- X - t bmsS Nn¥n- ° p- h m≥ t{]cn-∏n°Ww. iv. \nco-£-W-߃ Af∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ km[yX-bp≠mI-Ww. v. hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb A]-{K-Y-\-tØmsS \nK-a-\-Øn-seØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-b-Ww. vi. _lp-apJ _p≤n-LS- I - ß - sf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂X - m-IW - w. vii. imkv { X- Ø ns‚ coXn t_m[y- s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X m- I - W w.

AXm-bXv ]co-£Ww ˛ \nco-£Ww ˛ A]-{K-Y\w ˛ \nKa\w F∂o L´-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im≥ km[n-°Ww. viii. Ip´n-Isf {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. PohnX]cnk-cØv \n∂p≈Xmbm¬ \√-Xv. 1. sX‰mb {Xmkv D]-tbm-Kn®v icn-bmb Xq°w ImWmtam?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : c≠v X´p≈ {Xmkv, Xq°w ImtW≠ hkvXp, aW¬, Xq°pI´Iƒ. {]h¿Ø\w hkvXphpw aWepw c≠v X´n¬ Xpe\w sNøp-I. hkvXp-hn\v ]Icw Xq°p-I´- I - ƒ h®v ho≠pw Xpe\w sNøpI.

_methZn

52 ssI∏pkvXIw

{]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ Xpe\w sNbvXv In´nb Xq°p-I-´-I-fpsS `mcambn-cn°pw hkvXp-hnt‚-Xv. bXv\w x bXv\` - pPw = tcm[w x tcm[-`pPw c≠p{]mh- i y- s Øbpw bXv \ - ` p- P - ß ƒ Xpey- a m- W v . tcm[-`p-Pß - fpw Xpey-am-Wv. 2. `qanbnse Hcp _nμp thK-Øn¬ Xncn-bp-∂Xv cm{Xn-bntem ] -- Item? Is≠Ømtam?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ :- ssk°nƒ N{Iw, \ofw IqSnb ]nhnkn ss]∏v/hSn, Nc-Sv, kvsIbn¬. {]h¿Ø\w ssk°nƒ N{I-Øns‚ Hcp hymk-Øn¬ A, B F∂o ASbm-f-ß-fn-Sp-I. hSn ]nd-In¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v A{]-Zn-£nW Zni-bn¬ N{Iw Aev]w Id-°p-I. Hcp \n›nX ka-bw sIm≠v Abpw Bbpw hSn-bn¬ \n∂v F{X Zqcw k©-cn®psh∂v Nc-Sp -]-tbm-Kn®v kvsIbn-en¬ Af-s∂-Sp-°p-I. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. kabw am‰n ]co-£Ww Bh¿Øn-°mw. \nco-£-W-߃ tcJs∏-Sp-Ømw. \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØn-t®-c-s´. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ N{Iw Aev]k - a - bw A{]-Z£ - nW Zni-bn¬ Id-°p-I. (1 sk°‚ v) 1 sk°‚ v sIm≠v B, B1¬ FØp-∂p. A, A¬ FØp-∂p.

BbpsS thK-X-bpsS IqsS ]cn-{I-aW thKX IqSn tNcp-∂p.

AbpsS thKX ]cn- { IaW thK- X - b n¬ \n∂v Ipd- b p- ∂ p.

At∏mƒ 1 sk°‚n¬ B IqSp-X¬ Zqchpw A Ipd™ Zqchpw k©-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv AbpsS thKX Ipdhpw BbpsS thKX IqSp-X-ep-am-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv cm{Xn-bn¬ `qan-bnse Hcp ÿew IqSnb thK- X - b nepw ]I¬ Ipd™ thKX -bnepw Xncn-bp-∂p. kqcy\v Np‰pw `qan-bpsS ]cn-{I-aWthKX 107000 km/h (30 km/s) Dw {`aW thKX 1670 km/h (0.46kms) Dw BWv. \Ωƒ aq∂p hmIy-߃ hmbn®pXocp∂ kabw sIm≠v (15 sk°‚ v) sIm≠v `qan kqcy\v Np‰pw 450 In.ao k©-cn-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. AA1 < BB1 BWv.

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 53

A sun

A

]I¬

cm{Xn B B

3. Hcp sSÃv Syq_v X∂m¬ ]men¬ sh≈w tN¿Øn-´pt≠m F∂v Is≠-Ømtam ?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : _o°¿, hÆw Ipd™ sSÃv Syq_v, aW¬, {Km^v t]∏¿ Ij-Ww, ip≤-amb ]m¬, Pew, ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ ]m¬. {]h¿Ø\w sSÃvSyq_ns‚ hiØv {Km^vt]∏¿ \mS t]mse Iodn H´n°p-I. ip≤-amb ]m¬ _o°-dn¬ FSpØv sSÃv Syq_n-\IØv Aev]w aW-en´v IpØs\ \n¬°-Ø° - h - Æw ^vtfm´v sNøn°pI. ]m¬\nc∏v sSÃv Syq_n¬ ap´nb ÿm\Øv {Km^v t]∏-dn¬ hcbv°p-I. ]n∂oSv _o°-dn¬ sh≈-sa-SpØv sSÃv Syq_n¬ ^vtfm´v sNøn-°p-I. Pe-\n-c-∏ns‚ `mKØv AS-bm-fs∏-Sp-ØpI. C\n ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ ]men¬ ^vtfm´v sNøn°p-I. \nco£n°pI. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ sslt{Um-ao-‰¿ F∂ D]-I-c-W-Øns‚ eLp-cq-]-am-WnXv. {Zmh-I-ß-fpsS Bt]£nIkm{μX (Relative density) Is≠ - Ø m- \ p- ] - t bm- K n- ° p- ∂ p. ]Zm¿Y- Ø ns‚ km{μ- X bpw sh≈- Ø ns‚ km{μ- X bpw XΩn-ep≈ A\p-]m-X-am-Wv Bt]-£nI km{μ-X. sSÃvSyq_v ^vtfm´v km{μX Ipd™ {Zmh-I-Øn¬ IqSp-Xepw km{μX IqSnb {Zmh- I - Ø n¬ Ipdhpw Xmgp- ∂ p.

Xmgp∂ Af- h ns\ kv s Ibn- e m- ° n- b m{Zmh-I-ß-fpsS Bt]-£nIkm{μX ImWmw. ChnsS ip≤ ]mens‚ AS-bm-fhpw ]cn-tim-[n® ]mens‚ ASbm-fhpw

_methZn

54 ssI∏pkvXIw

Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv sh≈w tN¿tØm F∂-dn-bm-hp-∂-XmWv. ip≤-amb]men¬ CSp-tºmgpw sh≈Øn¬ CSp-tºm-gp-ap≈ AS-bm-f-߃ {Km^v t]∏-dn¬ C´n-cn-°-W-sa∂p am{Xw. 4. Xobn¬ IØmØ \qev ˛ imkv{XXXzw Is≠-Ømtam ?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ :- \mW-bØ - p-´v, Nc-Sv, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn, Xos∏-´n. {]h¿Ø\w \mW-b-Øn¬ NcSpsI´p-I. sagp-Ip-Xncn\mf-Øn¬ \qsI´v ImWn®pNqSm-°p-I. \q¬ IØp-∂n-√. F¥psIm≠v? N¿® sNøs´? as‰mcp ]co- £ Ww IqSn CXns‚ IqsS sNømw. Hcp lmIvtkmtªUn¬ sagp-Ip-]-tbm-Kn®v ]e AI-e-Øn¬ sam´p kqNn-Iƒ ]nSn-∏n-°p-I. lmIvtkm_vtfUns‚ Hc‰w sagp-IpXncn \mf-Øn¬ NqSm-°p-I. \nco-£n-°p-I. F¥v kw`-hn-°p∂p F∂p N¿® sNøs´. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥

sagp-Ip-Xncn \mfw sImSp-°p∂ NqSv \mWbw Nme\w hgn IS-Øn-hn-Sp-∂XpsIm≠v \q¬ IØp∂ Dujvam-hn-se Ø - p-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v IØp-∂n-√. lmIvtkm_vtfUns‚ A‰Øv In´p∂ NqSv Nme\w hgn at‰ A‰-sØ-Øp-∂p.

NqSpIn´p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v sagp-Ip-cp-IpIbpw sam´pkqNn Xmsg hogp-Ibpw sNøp∂p 5. H‰ t^mt´m- b n¬ Hcm- f psS hyXykvX cq]- ß ƒ e`n-°-Ø-° -hn[w t^mt´m FSp-°mtam?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ :- kmam\yw hen-∏-ap≈ c≠v IÆm-Sn-Iƒ, ]mh, Iyma-d-bp≈ samss_¬ t^m¨. {]h¿Ø\w IÆm-Sn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw 720bn¬ Ncn®v tai-∏p-dØv Dd-∏n

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 55

-°pI. IÆm-Sn-Iƒ°v apºn¬ Hcp ]mhsb hbv°p-I. ]mh b - psS ]n≥`m-Khpw {]Xn-_nw-_ß - fpw ImW-Ø° - h - n[w samss _¬t^m¨ Iymad D]-tbm-Kn®v t^mt´m FSp-°p-I. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥

IÆm- S n- I ƒ 72 0 Ncn- h n¬ hbv ° p- t ºmƒ Bh¿ØnX {]Xn- ] - X \w aqew hkv X p- h ns‚ 4 {]Xn- _ nw- _ - ß ƒ D≠m-Ip∂p. (360/72 ˛ 1 = 4) hkvXp-hns‚ ]nd-Ip-hiw Dƒs∏sS 5 cq]-ß-ƒ Iyma-d-bn¬ In´p∂p.

6. {]Im-i-Øns‚ A]-h¿Ø\w a\- n-em-°mw Bh-iy-ap≈ hkvXp-°ƒ : Ipgn-bp≈ AXm-cy-amb Ip∏nØ-fn-I, \mW-bw, sh≈w, hep-∏-ap≈ kpXm-cy-amb πmÃnIv U∏n, sUt‰mƒ, Nμ- \ - Ø ncn, Xos∏- ´ n, tek¿tSm¿®v , s{]m{Sm-IvS¿ t^mt´mtIm∏n. {]h¿Ø\w 1.Ip∏n-Øf - n-Ib - psS \Sp°v Hcp \mWbw hbv°p-I. \mW-bsØ I≠p-sIm≠v ]nd-In-te°v \oßp-I. \mW-bsØ ImWmsXbncn°p∂ ÿeØv \n¬°p-I. thsdm-cmƒ kmh-[m\w Xfn-I-bnte°v sh≈-sam-gn-°p-I. F¥v \nco-£n-°p∂p? ImcWw N¿® sNøpI. 2. πmÃnIv U∏n-bn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ sh≈-sam-gn-°pI. sh≈-Øn-te°v c≠v Xp≈n sUt‰mƒ Hgn-°p-I. Ipep-°p-I. U∏n-bn¬ c≠v Nμ-\-Øncn IØn®v ]pI AIØv \n¿Øp-I. s{]m{Sm-IvS¿ t^mt´m-tIm∏n U∏n-bpsS hiØv apI-fn¬ H´n°p- I . tek¿ tSm¿®v sIm≠v {]Imiw U∏n- ° - I - t Ø°v hogvØpI. {]Imiw hyXykvX tImWp-I-fn¬ sh≈-Øn-te°v ASn-°p-I. \nco-£n-°p-I. \nco-£-W-^-e-߃ N¿® sNø-s´. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ \mW-b-Øn¬ \n∂v hcp∂ {]Im-i-c-ivan-Iƒ Pe-\n-c∏n¬ h®v hf-bp-∂p. Hcp am[y-a-Øn¬ \n∂v as‰mcp am[y-a-Øn-te°v {]Im-i-civan IS-°p-tºmƒ AhnsS h®v {]Im-i-civan hf-bp∂ {]Xn-`m-k-amWv A]-h¿Ø-\w.

_methZn

56 ssI∏pkvXIw

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{]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ A]-h¿Ø\w aqew tek¿ {]Imiw Pe-\n-c-∏n¬ h®v hf-bp-∂p. ]X-\-tImWpw A]-h¿Ø\ tImWpw Af°p-Ibpw sNømw. hmbp-hn¬ \n∂v {]Imiw hcp-tºmƒ A]- h ¿Ø- \ - t Im¨ ]X- \ - t Im- W n- t \- ° mƒ Ipdhm-sW∂pw ImWmw. 7. \nco-£n°mw ˛ tNmZy-߃ tNmZn°mw ˛ DØ-cß - ƒ tXSmw Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : sagp-Ip-Xn-cn, Xos∏-´n. {]h¿Ø\w Xos∏-´n-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp sIm≈n FSpØv Dckn Xobp-≠m°n sagp-Ip-Xncn IØn®v tai-∏p-dØv hbv°p-I. Cu {]h¿Øn -tbmSv Fs¥ms° tNmZn°mw ? Ip´n-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n tNmZy߃ D≠m-°-s´. Ah-bpsS DØ-c-ßfpw N¿® sNø-s´.

DZm : (i) Fs¥ms° cmkhkvXp-°-fmWv sIm≈n-bnepw Xos∏-´n-bnepw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv? (ii) F¥n\mWv Dc-kn-bXv? (iii) Fßs\-bmWv Xobp-≠m-b-Xv? (iv) sagp-Ip-Xncn IØp-tºmƒ Fs¥ms° \nco-£n-°m≥ ]‰p-∂p-≠v? (v) IØpI F∂m-se-¥mWv? (vi) sagp-Ins‚ GX-h-ÿ-bmWv IØp-∂Xv ? (vii) sagp-Ip-Xncn IØp-tºmƒ Fs¥ms° ]Zm¿Y-߃

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 57

D≠m-Ip-∂p? (viii) GsXms° cq]-Øn¬ Du¿P-am-‰-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p? (ix) ssI hoip-tºmƒ Xo\mfw AW-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? (x) sh≈-sam-gn-®m¬ sISp-∂-sX-ßs\?

{]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ Xos∏´n Iºn¬ B‚n-aWn kƒss^Upw s]m´mkyw t¢mtd‰pw ]ibpw tN¿Øv A‰Øv ]nSn-∏n-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. Xos∏-´n-bn¬ sdUv t^mkv^d - kpw aW¬s∏m-Sntbm •mkv s]mSntbm DW°n ]nSn-∏n-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. Dc-kp-tºmƒ L¿jWw aqe-ap≈ NqSp sIm≠v t^mkv^d - kv IØp-∂p. s]m´mkyw t¢mtd-‰ns\ hnL-Sn-∏n®v HmIvkn-P≥ hn´p Xcp∂p. IØp ]nSn-°p-∂p. B‚n-aWn kƒss^Uv cmk-Xz-cI-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. t^mkv-^-dkv IØp-tºmƒ t^mkv^-dkv {Stbm-IvsskUpw t^mkv^-dkv s]t‚mIvssk-Up-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. cq£-K-‘-ap-≠m-°p-∂p. sagp-Ip-Xncn sslt{UmIm¿_¨ BWv. A\p-tbm-Pyamb Dujvam-hn¬ Hcp ]Zm¿Yw HmIvkn-P-\p-ambn IqSn tNcp-∂-XmWv Iج F∂ {]{In-b. sagpIv DcpIn Xncnbn- e qsS Ibdn _mjv ] - a m- I p- ∂ p. B _mjv ] - a mWv IØp-∂-Xv. IØp-tºmƒ Im¿_¨U-tbm-IvsskUpw \ocm-hnbpw D≠m-Ipw. ssIho-ip-tºmƒ IØn-s°m-≠ncn°p∂ sagp-Ip-_mjv]w s]´∂v X≈n-am-‰-s∏-Sp-∂p. Im‰p sIm≠v Dujvamhv Aev]w Xmgp-∂XpsIm≠v IØm-\m-hiy-amb _mjv]w In´p-∂n-√. Xo \mfw AW-bp-∂p.

8. \n›nX BIr-Xn-bn-√mØ hkvXp-°-fpsS hym]vX-߃ Xmc-Xayw sNømtam?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : ]c∂ ]m{Xw, •mkv, Af-hpPm¿ / 10 ml kndn©v {]h¿Ø\w {Ku≠n¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX BIr-Xnbpw hen-∏hp-ap≈ I√pItfm `mc-ap≈ a‰p hkvXp-°tfm tiJ-cn-°p-I. ]c∂ ]m{XØn¬ •mkv/I∏v h®v \ndsb sh≈-sam-gn-°p-I. tiJ-cn® hkvXphns\ •m nse sh≈-Øn-en-Sp-I. Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ sh≈w tiJ-cn®v Af-hp-Pm¿/kndn-©p-]-tbm-Kn®v hym]vXw ImWp-I. ho≠pw •m v \ndsb sh≈-sa-SpØv hkvXp-°-ƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn sh≈-Øn-en´v hym]vXw Is≠-Øp-I. ]´nI-s∏-SpØn hym]vX߃ Xmc-Xayw sNømw.

_methZn

58 ssI∏pkvXIw

{]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ sh≈-Øns‚ hym]vXw hkvXphns‚ hym]vX-Øn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn-°pw.

9. ASp-°-f-bnse {Zmh-I-ßsf Bkn-Up-Iƒ, B¬°-enIƒ, \yq{S-ep-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ h¿§o-I-cn-°mtam?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : pH t]∏¿, ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v th≠ emb-\n-Iƒ {]h¿Ø\w Ip´n-Iƒ kao-]-Øp≈ hoSp-I-fn¬ \n∂v In´m-hp∂ {Zmh-I߃ tiJ-cn-°s´. DZm : I™n-sh-≈w, NpÆmºv sh≈w, ]n≠n\ocv, ]m¬, hn\m-Kn-cn, tamcv XpS-ßnb emb-\n-Iƒ. pH t]∏¿ ap°n Hmtcm {Zmh-Ihpw ]cn-tim-[n-°s - ´. ]´n-Is - ∏SpØs´. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ pH aqeyw 7 : \yq{S¬, 7¬ Xmsg : BknUv, 7¬ IqSp-X¬ : B¬°en 10. sshZypX k¿Iyq- ´ ns\ ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S mw. Fßs\ LSn-∏n-®m¬ LED IqSp-X¬ shfn®w Xcpw ?

Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : LED - 2, tSm¿®v sk¬ ˛ 2, hb¿ Ij-W-߃. {]h¿Ø\w LEDbpw _m‰-dnbpw icn-bmw-hÆw k¿Iyq-´n¬ LSn-∏n-®mLED {]Im- i n- ° pw. c≠v coXn- b n¬ LEDIsf k¿Iyq- ´ n{Iao-I-cn-°mw. (i) t{iWn-bn¬ (ii) kam-¥-c-ambn. c≠v coXnbnepw LEDIƒ k¿Iyq-´n¬ LSn-∏n®v GXv {Iao-I-c-W-Øn -emWv shfn®w IqSp-X¬ In´pI F∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.

() t{iWn-bn-ep≈ {Iao-Ic - Ww

tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnjØv 59

() kam-¥c - a - mb {Iao-Ic - Ww {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ kam-¥-c-amb {Iao-I-c-W-ØnemWv IqSp-X¬ shfn®w In´pI. k¿Iyq-´nse {]Xn-tcm[w Ipdhpw Id‚ v IqSp-Xepw At∏m-gm-bn-cn-°pw. shfn®hyXymkw I≠p a\- n-em°mw.

11. ssl{U- P ≥, HmIv k n- P ≥, Im¿_¨U- t bm- I v s skkv Ch-bpsS \n¿Ωm-Whpw ]cntim[-\b - pw Bh- i y- a mb hkv X p- ° ƒ :- s]m´mkyw s]¿amw- K - t \- ‰ v , A∏-°m-cw (tkm-Unbw ss_Im¿_-tW-‰v), hn\m-Kn-cn, Aeq - a n- \ nbw/kn¶v IjW߃, t\¿∏n® sslt{UmIv t fmdn°m-kn-Uv, _eq¨, Xos∏-´n. {]h¿Ø\w 1. sSÃv Syq_n-\-IØv Aev]w s]m´mkyw s]¿amw-K-t\‰v FSpØv NqSm-°p-I. ssI s]m≈msX tlmƒU¿ D]-tbm-Kn°Ww. sSÃv Syq_n-\-I-tØ°v IØn® Cu¿°n¬ I\IS-Øp-I. \nco-£n°pI. 2. sSÃv Syq_n-\-IØv GXm\pw Aeq-an-\nbw Ij-W-߃ FSpØv ssUeyq´v sslt{UmIvtfmdn-°m-knUv Hgn-°p-I. Hcp hmXIw D≠mIp-∂Xv ImWmw. sSÃv Syq_v Ncn®v ]nSn®v hmbv `mKØv Xos∏´n Dc®pImWn-°p-I. \nco-£n-°p-I. Hcp Nn√v `c-Wn-bn¬/Ip∏n-bn¬ ]co-£Ww Bh¿Øn®v _eq-WnhmXIw tiJ-cn-°pI. sI´n-bXn\v tijw _eq¨ kzX-{¥am°pI. \nco-£n-°p-I.

_methZn

60 ssI∏pkvXIw

3.sSÃv Syq_n¬ Aev]w A∏-°mcw FSp-°p-I. sSÃv Syq_ns\ H‰-Zzm-c-ap≈ tIm¿°v sIm≠-S-bv°p-I. d_¿ Syq_v IS-Øp-I. AS∏v Xpd∂v hn\m-Kncn Hgn-°p-I. AS-bv°p-I. Hcp hmXIw D≠m-Ip-∂p. d_¿ Syq_ns‚ A{Kw sXfn™ NpÆmºpsh≈Øn-te°v IS-Øn-h-bv°p-I. \nco-£n-°p-I. {]h¿ØI¿ Adn-bm≥ 1. s]m´mkyw s]¿amw-K-t\‰v NqSm-°p-tºmƒ HmIvknP-\p≠mIp-∂p. Xos°m≈n Bfn IØp-∂p.

2. Aeq-an-\n-bhpw sslt{Um-Ivtfm-dn-°m-knUpw {]Xn{]- h ¿Øn®v ssl{U- P - \ p- ≠ m- I p- ∂ p. IØn- ° p- t ºmƒ i_vZ-tØmsS IØp-∂p. _eq¨ Db¿∂p s]mßp-∂p.

3.A∏-°m-chpw hn\m-Kn-cnbpw (A-k-‰n-°m-kn-Uv) {]Xn {]h¿Øn®v Im¿_¨U- t bm- I v s sk- U p- ≠ m- I p- ∂ p. sXfn-™ NpÆmºpsh≈sØ ]m¬ \nd-am-°p∂p.

12. et_m-d-´-dn-bnse km[m-cW ]co-£W D]-I-c-W-ß-sf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw Bh-iy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ : ]n∏-‰v, _yqd-‰v, Af-hp-Pm¿, tIma¨ _me≥kv, kv{]nwKv _me≥kv, kv]ncn‰v emw]v, tIm¨tIhv and¿, tIm¨shIvkv and¿, se≥kp-Iƒ, ssat{ImkvtIm-]v, sSe-kvtIm-]v, sÃX-kvtIm]v etc. {]h¿Ø\w ]co-£W D]-I-c-W-ßsf Hmtcm-∂mbn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I. Fßs\ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm-∂n-t‚bpw D]-tbm-K-sa¥v F∂p]d-bp-I. Ip´n-Isf ssIImcyw sNøm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I. {]h¿Ø-I¿ Adn-bm≥ D]-IcW߃ kzbw ssIImcyw sNøptºmƒ imkv{X {]h¿Ø-\-ß-tfmSv B`n-apJyw D≠m-Ip-∂p. t]Sn amdp-∂p.