Eureka‌‌ sookshma jeevi pathippu

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

2

2016 BKÃv 1 hmeyw:

38,

e°w:

5

kμ¿in-°pI : www.kssp.in, www.facebook.com/EurekaFortnightly

1970-˛¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic - Ww Bcw-`n-®Xv

kq£va-Po-hn-Isf BZyw I≠ a\p-jy≥

8

tUm. sI ]n Ac-hn-μ≥

ssat{Im_pw \Ωfpw XΩnFw KoXm-RvPen

36

15

slen-t°m-_m-IvS¿ ss]temdn F∂ _mIvSo-cnb ]d-bp∂p P\p

teJ-\ß - ƒ

Nn{X-IY

6 Ip™p-Iq-´m-fn-Iƒ kvt\-lm-Zmkv 12 kq£vat- em-Ihpw kq£vaZ- ¿in-\n-Ifpw sI ]m∏q´n 20 sXmen-∏p-dsØ DZym\w ]n sI kp[n 24 s\t∏m-fn-b\pw ssS^kv tcmKhpw A\nX kn sI 28 kq£vaP - o-hn-Ifpw kky-ßfpw C cmP≥ 48 ASp-°f- bpw kq£vaP - o-hn-Ifpw cam-tZhn 50 aÆpw kq£vaP - o-hn-Ifpw tUm. sI Intjm¿Ip-am¿ 54 IS¬ Hc-Xn-ibw; kq£va -Po-hn-Iƒ AXp°pw tase C lcn-Ir-jvW≥

32 AXn\v ]n∂n¬ Rß-fm.... hn N{μ-_m_p 64 ImWs´ F√m-hcpw sskP Fkv

IY 58 Ip™n-s®-°\v Hcp sXm∏o≠v C F≥ joP

IhnX 5 CØn-cn-°p-™∑ - m-cpsS s]cpw- kXyw sI sI IrjvWI - p-am¿ 57 ISkn‘p F≥ ]n

t^mt´m-^o-®¿ 42 tcmKw tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[w sI ]n F

\n¿amWw 60 πmÃnIv k©n tht≠... th≠. sI cm[≥

]w‡n-Iƒ 31.

31.

34.

53.

cN-\m-aqe s{]mPIvSv 62. πmÃn-°v amen-\yØn-s\-Xnsc Zqc-Z¿in\n Ip™p-߃ Ihn-Xm-]q-cWw 63. {]nb-s∏´ bpdot°

hnhn[ sh_vssk-‰nse Nn{X-߃ CXn-ep-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-bv°p≈ IS-∏mSv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn : kn Fw apc-fo-[-c≥ (F-Un-‰¿), jn-t\m-Pv cmPv

(FUn. A-kn-kv‰‚v), sI hnPb≥ (am-t\-Pn-Mv F-Un-‰¿), A\nX kn sI (Atkm. F-Un-‰¿), s{]m^.-sI.-]m-∏q´n, P\p, C.F≥.jo-P, ssa\ Dssa-_m≥, hn.N-{μ-_m_p, C.cm-P≥, tUm.-sI.-In-tjm¿ Ipam¿, C.Pn\≥, Fw.Ir-jv-W-Zmkv, ]n.sI.kp[n, {]kmZv ]n.ssIX-°¬, sI.-Sn.-cm-[m-Ir-jW v ≥, Fw.-Ko-Xm-RP v en, F.-sI.-tPmjn, ssje kn tPm¿Pv, Sn.-]n.-hn-iz-\m-Y≥ Ih¿ : sh¶n, te˛Hu´v: jnt\mPv cmPv, {Km^nIvkv : {iotejv Ipam¿.

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy : ` 250, H‰-{]Xn : ` 12 , Un.-Un/Fw.-H. Ab-bv°p-I. hcn-kw-Jybpw hcn-°m-cpsS ]cm-XnIfpw Ab-bv°m-\p≈ hnemkw: amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, bpdo°, Nme-∏pdw, tImgn-t°m-Sv˛673002. e-mail: ksspmagazine@gmail.com, Ph: 0495 2701919.

3

tIc-f im-kv-{X-km-ln-Xy- ]-cnj-Øv {]-kn-≤o-IcWw

IØpIfpw cN-\-Ifpw Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw: FUn-‰¿, bpdo-°, Nme-∏p-dw, tImgn-t°m-Sv- ˛ 673 002.

E-mail: eurekakssp@gmail.com

Np‰pw ImWp∂ ama-c-ßfn-te°pw AIse BIm-isØ Xpf-®p-Ib - d- p∂ Ip∂p-I-fn-te°pw \nß-fn¬ ]ecpw IÆn-abv°msX t\m°n \n∂n-cn-°pw. ]qºm- ‰ - I fpw h≠p- I fpw ]mdn- \ - S °p∂, a[pcw In\n- b p∂ ]q°- f nte°pw sNSn-I-fn-te°pw Np‰p-ap≈ sshhn- [ y- a m¿∂ Pohn- I - f n- t e°pw t\m°n Btem-N\ - b - n¬ apgp-In-bh - cpw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°n-√. Nne-cm-Is´ \oe-∏pX- ∏ n´ BIm- i - Ø n- e pw AhnsS ]p©ncn XqIp∂ Aºn-fn-°-e-bnepw I¨Nn-Ωn-°f - n-°p∂ \£-{X-°p-™pß-fn-ep-am-bn-cn°pw IpXpIw ]q≠-Xv. AsX, \ap°v Np‰p-ap≈ temIw \sΩ B\-μn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv, AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. e£°-W-°n\v kky-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw Pohn- I - f p- s a√mw AS- ß n- b XmWv \ΩpsS kpμ-c-amb Cu `qan. a\p-jy¿°p≈ Adn-hpsh®v, Poh≥ F∂ A¤pX {]Xn-`m-ka - p≈ Htc Hcp {Klw. A\-¥-amb {]]-©-Øn¬ as‰hn-sS-sb-¶nepw Pohs‚ XpSn-∏pI-fpt≠m F∂v \ap-°-dn-bn-√.

F∂m¬ C∏-d-™h am{Xa√ \ap°p Np‰p- a p- ≈ - X v. \ΩpsS shdpw IÆp-sIm≠v ImWm≥ Ign-bm-Ø, F∂mNp‰nepw \nd™v \n¬°p∂, tImSn-°W - ° - n\v hcp∂ NßmXn-am¿ thsd-bp-ap≠v ˛ Cu `qan-

bn¬. \ap-°h - sb kq£vaP - o-hn-Is - f∂v hnfn-°mw. kq£vaP - o-hn-Is - f-°p-dn-®p≈ HØncn Imcy-ß-fp-am-bmWv CØ-hW bpdo° \nßsf tXSn-sb-Øp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ Nne Imcy-߃ Nne-sc-¶nepw t\csØ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xm-hmw. NneXv A¬∏w IqSn hep-Xmb tijw hni-Zambn ]Tn-°m-\p-≈-Xm-hmw. H‰ hmb-\bn¬ a\- n-em-hm-Øh a\- n-cpØn H∂v c≠v h´w Bh¿Øn®p hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.

Cu temIw F{X hnkva-b-I-c-am-sW∂v \n߃ Xncn-®d- nbpw; F{X kpμ-ca - m-sW∂pw. bpdo-°m-am-a≥

4 4 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

sI sI IrjvW-Ip-am¿

kq£vaPo-hn-I-sf-°p-dn®p≈ Hcp ]mt´msS XpSßmw. Iq´p-Im¿°v th≠n at\m-l-c-ß-fmb \nc-h[n ]m´p-Ifpw ]pkvX-Ißfpw cNn® IrjvW-Ipam¿ ama-t‚-XmWv Cu ]m´v.

2016 Pqsse 16

CØn-cn-°p-™-∑m¿ hnssizI ]uc-∑m¿ Rß-sf-b-dn-bptam Iq´p-Imtc (CØncn) XqWnepw Xpcp-ºnepw Xobnepw XWp-∏nepw sImSp-ap-Sn-Øp-ºnepw IS-en-\m-gØ - nepw s]cp-In-∏-c-°pao Rß-sf-b-dn-bptam?

(C-Øn-cn) IÆmse ImWm-\m-hmtØm˛ scÆn-bm¬ Xocm-tØm¿ \nßsS apXp-apXp apØ-»n-am¿ R߃ \n߃°mbv hgn-sh´n hoSp-Xo¿tØm¿ (CØn-cn) aÆv, hnÆv, ]qhv, ]pgI˛ sfÆ-a‰ kky-Pm-e˛ sam∂p-an√o {]]-©-an-√, \nß-fn-√; Rß-fn-√˛ sb¶n-se∂ s]cn-b-k-Xy˛ sa∂p-sa∂ptam¿°p-I...

(C-Øn-cn) CØn-cn-°p-™-∑m¿ R߃ sNm∂o-Sp-s∂m˛ cns∏cpw kXyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°pI!

55

kvt\l Zmkv

I≠Xv at\m-lcw, ImWm-ØXv AXn-a-t\m-lcw F∂v ]d-bm-dn-t√. \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ°v ImWm-hp-∂X - ne- ∏ pdw hnim- e - a mb Hcp henb temIw Xs∂-bp≠v Cu `qan-bn¬.

B henb temI-Øns‚ Xe-h-∑mcmbn \Ωƒ ImWmsX Hfn- ® n- c n°p∂ Ip™p- I q- ´ p- I m- c pw. a\pjy¿°pw arK-߃°pw kky-߃°p-a-∏pdw \ap°v FÆm-hp-∂-Xn-e[nIw hn]p- e - a mb Hcp Poh-tem-Iw. _mŒo-cn-b, ^wK- k v, t{]m´nÃv, sshdkv XpS-ßn-bh - c - mWv Cu Ip™p-tem-IØ - ns‚ A[n-]∑ - m¿. ImWm≥ Ignbn- s √- ¶ nepw Ch¿ kq£va-Po-hn-Isf sNøp∂ {]hrØ n- I ƒ \ap-s°m∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-´mtem? Ahsc sNdn-b-sXm-∂p-a-√. Ch-cn]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv te-sdbpw \ΩpsS Iq´ptImgn-t°mSv Im-cm-Wv. Cu kq£va-Pok¿h-I-em-im-e-bnkq£va-Po-hn-I-sfhn- I sf ssat{Im_v k v °p-dn®v ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cnF∂mWv hnfn-®p-hc - p-∂X - v. °p∂ kvt\l-t®-®n-bm-Wv. Ch-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w ssat{Im-_t- bm-fPn F∂ t]cnepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ssat{Im_-tbm-fPn°v hnhn[ imJ-Ifpw D≠v. _mŒo-cn-bsb°pdn-®p≈ ]T\sØ _mŒo-cn-tbm-f-Pn, sshd-kns\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\sØ sshtdm-fPn, ^wKkns\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\sØ ssatIm-fPn F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.

BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ kq£va-Po-hnIƒ A\n-a¬Iyƒkv F∂ t]cnemWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. kq£vaPo-hn-Isf \·-t\-{X-߃ sIm≠v ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\mCh- b psS ]T- \ - t Øm- s Sm∏w ssat{Im- k v t Im∏v F∂ D]- I - c Whpw cq]m-¥cw sIm≠p. B‚Wn t^m≥ eosh≥lp°v ]pcm- X \ ssat{Im-_-tbm-f-Pn-bpsS ]nXmhv Bbn Adn- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ Xv t]mse B[p-\nI ssat{Im-_t- bm-fP - n-bpsS ]nXmhv eqbn ]mkv N ¿ BWv .

Ch¿°p ]pdsa tdm_¿´v tIm°v, hnt\m-{KmUvkvIn, tPmk^v enÿ, FUv-th¿Uv sP∂¿, sk¬am≥ F hmIvk-am≥ F∂n-h-cpƒs∏sS Hcp \o≠ \nc Xs∂-bp≠v ssat{Im-_tbm-fPn F∂ ]T-\-im-J-bpsS Xeh-∑m-cm-bn. ssat{Im-_t- bm-fP - n-bnXs∂ C\nbpw hI-t`-Z-ß-fp-≠v, saUn- ° ¬ ssat{Im- _ - t bm- f - P n, tkmbn¬ ssat{Im- _ - t bm- f - P n, Fbv t dm ssat{Im- _ - t bm- f - P n, C≥U-kv{Sn-b¬ ssat{Im-_-tbm-fPn, ^pUv ssat{Im-_t- bm-fPn F∂nßs\ Ah \o≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. \Ω-sf-√m-hcpw cpNn-tbmsS Ign°p∂ tamcv Cu hncp-X-∑m-cpsS {]hr- Ø n- b m- W v . ag- ° m- e Øpw sh≈w sI´n-\n¬°p∂ ÿe-ßfnepw I≠p-hc - p∂ ]q∏epw Ch-cpsS kw`m-h\ - b - m-Wv. tZmibv°pw sh≈-

6 6 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Pm-e-߃s°m∂pw Xs∂ hmktbm-Ky-a-√mØ A·n-]¿hX \ncI-fnepw a™p-d™ {]tZ-i-ßfnepw kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-≠v. a\p- j y- c n¬ tcmKw ]c- Ø p- ∂ - X pt]mse Ch arK-ß-fnepw kky-ß-fnepw tcmKw ]c-Øp-∂p-≠v. arK-ß-fn¬ I≠ph-cp∂ B{¥mIvkv (Anthrax), sXßnkm[m-c-W-bmbn ImWp∂ afi-cn, hmgI-fn¬ ImWp∂ Iqº-S∏v... Ch-sb√mw Xs∂ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS kr„n-bm-Wv. CsX√mw tI´v Cu Ip™p-Iq-´p-Im¿ Zp„∑m-cm-sW∂v Icp-X-t√. BsI ImWp∂ tImSm- \ p- t ImSn kq£v a - P o- h n- I - f nsNdnsbmcp iX- a m\w am{X- a mWv hn√≥thjw AWn- b p- ∂ - h ¿. _m°nsb√mw D]-Im-cn-Iƒ Xs∂. aÆns‚ ^e`q-bn-jvTX Iq´m\pw sNSn-I-fpsS hf¿® Iq´m-\pw \ΩpsS \nXy-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ Ch¿ Iq´p-Im¿ Xs∂.

∏-Øn-\p-sams° amhv Ac®p sh°ptºmƒ Ah ]nt‰-t∂°v s]m¥n-hc - p-∂Xv \Ωƒ Ghcpw IuXp-It- ØmsS t\m°mdp-≠v; kwi-bn-t°-≠, Cu IuXpIw kΩm-\n-°p-∂Xpw Cu Ip™p-Ip-´q-Im¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. \mhn\v cpNn-tb-dp∂ `£W- ] - Z m¿∞- ß ƒ D≠m- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mbn Ch¿ I„-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, Ch-cn¬ Nne hncpX-∑m¿ CsXms° \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ hnZybp-ambn cwKØp hcm-dp-≠v. {_ÕnI≠p-h-cp∂ ]q∏-epw A®m-dnse sh≈∏m-S-bp-sa√mw CXn-\p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ßfm-Wv. Ch-bp-≠m-°p∂ ]e tcmK-ßfpw amcI- ß ƒ Xs∂- b m- W v . `£- W - Ø n\n∂pw D≠m-Ip-∂, t_m´p-en-kw, km¬aW-tem-knkv F∂nh ac-WØn\p hsc ImcWw BIp∂p-≠v. sNdnb Pe-tZmjw sXm´v amcI tcmK- a mb FbvUvkv hsc-bp-≈h - b - psS ]pd- I nepw Ch- c n¬s∏´ Nne¿ Xs∂. a\p-jy-cnam{Xw HXpßn \n¬°p-∂X√ Ch- b psS CS- s ]- S - e pIƒ. arK-ß-fn-epw, ]£n-Ifnepw sNSn- I - f n- e p- s a√mw Htc-t]mse km∂n[yw Adnbn-°p-∂h - c - mWv Ch-sc-√mw.

AXp-sIm≠v Chsc k¿hhym- ] n- I ƒ F∂p Xs∂ hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv, aÆv, Pew, hmbp, `qan F∂nßs\ Fhn-sSbpw Ch-bp≠v. F¥n-\-[n-Iw, a‰p Poh2016 BKÃv 1

77 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

tUm. sI ]n Ac-hn-μ≥

Cu tem-I-Øv \-Ω-fpw a-‰p arK-ß-fpw sN-Sn-I-fpw H-s° A-√msX B¿°pw ImWm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø ]e-cpw D-s≠-∂v a-\pjy¿ ]-t≠ hn-iz-kn®p t]m-∂p. `q-Xß - ƒ, t{]-X-߃, ]n-im-NpIƒ, am-em-J-Iƒ F∂n-ß-s\ \-sΩ t{Zmln-°p-I-bpw k-lmkq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn®v bn- ° p- I - b pw H- s ° BZy-ambn ]Tn® teh≥ sN-øp-∂ ]-e-cpw. Flp-°ns\ ASp-Ø-Xmbn \ap°v ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Smw. ∂m¬, C-hs - cm-s° aAt±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v \p-jy-s‚ `m-h\ - b - n\tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂Xv C¥y≥ DS s eS pØ hcmsWIu¨kn¬ t^m¿ saUn∂v C-∂v \-ap-°v A-dn°¬ dnk¿®nse Fand‰nkv imkv{X-⁄\ - mb bmw. A-Xm-b-Xv \-ΩtUm.sI ]n Ac-hn-μ≥ sf t]-Sn-∏n-°m-\pw cama\m-W.v kn-∏n-°m-\pw H-s°bm-bn D-≠m-°n-sb-Sp-Ø Ip-td IY-Iƒ.

F-∂m¬ C-sXm-∂p-a-√m-sX, \Ωp-sS I-Æp-Iƒ°v Im-Wm≥ I-

k°-dnb Pm≥k≥

gn-bm-Ø H-t´-sd Po-hn-Iƒ D-s≠-∂-Xm-Wv k-Xyw. sh-dpw I-Y-I-f-√; i-cn-°p-ap-≈-h.

A-h `q-an-bn-se-√m-bn-S-Øpw D-≠v. I-c-bnepw I-S-en-epw hm-bp-hn-epw F-∂p th-≠ \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øn-\-I-Øp t]m-epw A-hcp-≠v. \-ap-°-h-sc Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xv A-h h-f-sc h-f-sc sN-dn-b-Xm-b-Xp sIm≠m-Wv. H-cp se≥kn-eq-sS ]-{X-Øn-se sN-dn-b

8 8

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

tdm_¿´v lp°pw kp£va Z¿in-\nbpw

kq£va Z¿in-\nbneqsS I≠ t]\pw tIm¿°pw

A-£-c-߃ t\m-°n-bn-´p-t≠m? A-h hep-Xm-bn Im-Wm-dn-t√? A-Xp-t]m-se sN-dnb h-kv-Xp-°-sf h-ep-Xm-°n Im-Wn-°p-∂ D-]I - c - W - ß - f - m-Wv ssa-t{Im-kvt- Im-∏p-Iƒ. h-f-sc h-f-sc sN-dp-Xm-b-Xp sIm-≠v km[m-c-W-bm-bn \-ap-°v Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø km-[\ - ß - f - pw ssa-t{Im-ktv- Im-∏n-eq-sS t\m°p-tºmƒ Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bp-∂p. H-∂n-e-[nIw se≥kp-Iƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v D-≠m-°p∂-h-bm-Wv- tIm-ºu-≠v ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-

I-Æ-S D-≠m-°p-∂ U-®p-Im-cm-b k-°dn-b Pm≥k-\pw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]n-Xmhpw B-Wv- B-Zy-sØ tIm-ºu-≠v ssat{Im-kv-tIm-∏v D-≠m-°n-b-Xv; 1590¬ B-bncp-∂p A-Xv. A-Xp sh-®v h-kv-Xp-°-sf HºXv C-c-´n h-ep-∏-Øn¬ Im-Wm-am-bn-cp∂p. H-cp hn-t\m-Z D-]-I-c-Ww F-∂ co-Xnbn¬ am-{X-ta A-Xv A-h¿ t]m-epw I-≠p≈q. tdm-_¿´v lq-°v h-f-sc A-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ H-cp Cw-Kv-fo-jv im-kv-{X⁄≥ B-bn-cp∂p. ]Xn-t\gmw \q-‰m-≠n¬ A-t±-lw D-]tbm-Kn-® ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏n-\v- 50 C-c-´n hsc h-ep-Xm-°n Im-Wn-°m\p-≈ I-gn-hv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-e X-cw sN-dn-b h-kv-Xp-°sf `w-Kn-bm-bn h-c-® H-cp ]p-kv-X-Iw A-t±lw ]p-d-Øn-d-°n; ssa-t{Im-{Km-^n-b F-∂ t]-cn¬. A-°m-e-sØ G-‰-hpw hn-‰-gn-°s∏-´ im-kv-{X]p-kv-X-Iw B-bn-cp-∂p AXv. X-e-bn-se t]-\pw t\¿a-bm-bn ap-dn-® tIm¿°pw B -]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ Im-Wn-®ncp-∂p. tIm¿°n¬ Im-Wp-∂ sN-dn-b Ad-Iƒ - °v A-t±-lw "sk¬' F-∂ t]-cv- \¬In. Po-h-\p-≈ F-√m h-kv-Xp-°-fpw sk-√pI-fm¬ \n¿an-X-am-sW-∂v C-∂v \-ap-°v Adn-bmw. lq-°n-s‚ ssa-t{Im-{Km-^n-b ]p-d-Øn-dßn-b-Xn-\p ti-j-am-Wv- 70 ap-X¬ 250 a-Sßp h-sc h-ep-Xm-°m≥ I-gn-hp-≈ ssat{Im-kvt- Im-∏p-If - p-am-bn H-cmƒ cw-KØ - p hcp-∂-Xv. A‚-Wn t^m¨ eo-sh≥lq-°v F-∂ H-cp km-[m-c-W U-®p-Im-c≥.

1632¬ C- ∂ - s Ø s\X¿em≥-Uvkn-se sU¬^v-

eoh≥lq-°v

∏p-Iƒ. \n-ßf - p-sS kvI - q-fn¬ Xo-¿®-bm-bpw Im-Wpw. So-®-tdm-Sp ]-d-bq A-h-bn-eq-sS \-ap-°p Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø A-¤p-X-ßsfm-s° Im-Wn-®p X-cm≥.

2016 BKÃv 1

99 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Bc-hnsS!!!

RßtfmSv tNmZn-°msX _mIvSo-cn-b-ß-sf-∏‰n I-Øv {]-kn-≤o-I-cn®Xmcm??

‰vk - n¬ P-\n-® eo-sh≥lq-°v I-ºn-fn Xp-Wn-bp-am-bn _-‘s∏-´ Hcp I-S \-S-Øp-I-bpw a-‰v Nn-e sN-dn-b hym-]m-c߃ \-S-Øp-I-bpw sN-øp∂ H-cp km-[m-cW - ° - m-c\ - m-bn-cp-∂p. At±l-Øn\v kv-Iqƒ hn-Zym-`ym-kw am-{X-ta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. eo-sh≥lq-°n-s‚ hnt\m-Zw ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏p-Iƒ D-≠m-°pI F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. H-‰ se≥kv D-≈ knºnƒ ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏p-Iƒ B-bn-cp-∂p Ah. Cu se≥kp-Iƒ h-f-sc sN-dn-b tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ D-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ImWm≥ D-t±-in-°p-∂ h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS h-fsc A-Sp-Øp ]n-Sn-®v hn-j-an-®v t\m-°-Ww. C-sXm-s°-bm-sW-¶n-epw A-∂p-≈-Xnsh-®v anI-®-h-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu sIm-®p ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏p-Iƒ. sNdnb hkvXp-°sf hep-Xm-bn-°mWm≥ am{X-a√ eoh≥lp°v Cu D]-IcWw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. {]tXy-In®v H∂pw ImWmØ CS-ß-fn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Hfn™n-cn-∏pt≠m F∂v At\z-jn-°m\pw At±lw Cu D]-I-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

CXmWv At±- l sØ temI- Ø nse F°m-e-tØbpw anI® imkv{X-Im-c∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fm-°n-b-Xv. ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS I≠ \n-c-h[n ]-Zm¿∞-ß-sf-bpw Po-hn-Isf-bpw hc-®v hn-h-c-W-ß-tfm-Sp Iq-Sn

eoh≥lp°v Cw-•-≠n-se tdm-b¬ skmssk-‰n-°v A-b-®psIm-Sp-Øp sIm-≠ncp-∂p. tdm-b¬ skm-ssk-‰n A-∂-sØ Im-e-Øv tem-I-Øn-ep-≈ G-‰-hpw _-lpam-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ im-kv-{X ÿm-]-\-am-bncp-∂p. B-Zyw A-km-[m-c-W-sa-∂v tXm∂n-sb-¶n-epw skm-ssk-‰n eo-sh≥lq-°ns‚ ]-e I-Øp-I-fpw {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.

1676¬ tdm-b¬ skm-ssk-‰n-°v eosh≥lq-°n-s‚ H-cp I-Øp e-`n-®p. AXp Xp- S - ß p- ∂ - X v C- ß - s \- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. "ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS Rm≥ ag-sh≈-Øn¬ Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Isf I≠p.'

A-¤p-Xw A-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. kzm-Ω¿Umw F-∂ U-®v im-kv-{X-⁄≥ \nco£n-® G-‰-hpw sN-dn-b PohnItf-°mƒ ]-Xn\m-bn-cw a-S-ßv sN-dp-Xm-Wv- eoh≥lp°v I-≠ Po-hn-Iƒ! kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw tdmb¬ skm-ssk-‰n-bn¬ D-≈-h¿°v C-Xv hn-iz-kn-°m≥ _p-≤n-ap-´m-bn-cp-∂p. {]tXy-In-®v F-gp-Xp-∂ B-fn-\v- A-{X hnZym-`ym-ksam-∂pw C-√ F-∂ A-h-ÿbn¬. {]-kn-≤ im-kv-{X-RvP-\m-b Ir-kv-Xnbm≥ lm-sK≥kn-s\ t]m-ep-≈-h¿, Ah¿°v eo-sh≥lq-°v I-≠ Po-hn-I-sf Im-Wm≥ I-gn-™n-s√-∂pw C-Xv A-t±-lØn-s‚ tXm-∂¬ am-{X-am-sW-∂pw Adn-bn-®p. ]-t£, C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- im-kv-{X-

10 10 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Øn-s‚ co-Xn-bp-sS {]-[m-\yw h-cp-∂-Xv. B-cp ]-d-bp-∂p F-∂-X-√ k-b≥kn{]-[m-\w. F-¥p ]-d-bp-∂p F-∂pw ]-dbp-∂-Xv i-cn-bm-tWm F-∂p-am-Wv-. h-fsc th-Kw X-s∂ a-‰p Nn-e¿ eo-sh≥lq°v I-≠ Po-hn-I-sf A-tX t]m-se ImWm≥ {i-an-°p-I-bpw A-Xn¬ hn-P-bn-°pI-bpw sN-bv-Xp. 1677¬ eo-h≥lq-°v _mŒo-cn-b-ß-sf ]-‰n F-gp-Xn-b I-Øv tdmb¬ skm-ssk-‰n {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. XpS¿∂v t{]m- t ´m- t km- h - I sf ]- ‰ n- b p- ≈ Xpw. ]p-cp-j-_o-P-߃ a-\p-jy-\n-epw ]e ar-K-ß-fn-epw B-Zy-am-bn I-≠-Xv eosh≥lq-°v B-bn-cp-∂p.

Ip-f-Øn¬ \n-∂v H-cp Xp-≈n sh-≈sa-Sp-Øv ssa-t{Im-kv-tIm-∏n-eq-sS ]-cntim-[n-®m¬, A-Xn¬ F-{Xam-{Xw A-¤pX- P o- h n- I - s f Im- W m- \ m- h p- s a- ∂ v \n-

2016 BKÃv 1

߃s°m-s° kv-Iq-fn-se ssa-t{Im-kvtIm-∏v D-]-tbm-Kn-®v ]-co-£n-®p t\m-°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv-. A-ao-_, bq•o-\, ]m-c-aokyw, tdm-´n-s^-d F-∂n-ß-s\ ]-e hn[w. C-h-sb-√mw ap-∂q-dn-te-sd h¿jw ap≥]v B-Zy-am-bn tem-I-Øn-\p Im-Wn®p tIm-Sp-Ø-Xv eo-sh≥lq-°v B-bncp-∂p. A-t±-lw B-Zy-am-bn I-≠ _mŒo-cn-b-ß-fn¬ Nn-e-Xv a-\p-jy-\n¬ tcmK-߃ D-≠m-°p-∂hbmsW-∂v ]n-∂oSm-Wv- \-ap-°v a-\ n-em-b-Xv. C-tX XpS¿∂v tcm-Kw am-‰m≥ ]-‰p-∂ B‚n-_tbm-´n-°v Hu-j-[-ß-fpw tcm-Kw h-cmXn-cn-°m≥ D-≈ hm-Iv-ko-\p-I-fp-sam-s° I-≠p]n-Sn-°-s∏-´p. C-Xn-s\m-s° \-ap°v eo-sh≥lq-°n-t\m-Sv \-μn ]-d-tbt≠? sIm-Sp-°mw \-ap-°v B U-®p-Imc-\v- H-cp h-en-b k-eyq-´v!

11 11

sI ]m∏q´n temIw c≠p≠v; kq£vat- emIhpw ÿqe-tem-I-hpw. ÿqetemIw \msa-t∏mgpw I≠p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. shdpw IÆpsIm≠v ImWm≥ Ign-bm-Ø{X sNdnb hkvXp-°fpw Pohn-Ifpw tN¿∂-XmWv kq£va-tem-Iw. kq£va-tem-I-sØ-∏‰n ]≠v a\p-jy\v H∂pw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp∂n- √ . hmbp Ds≠- ∂ - d nbmw; ]t£, AXn-se-s¥m-s°-bm-Wp≈Xv F∂-dn-bn-√. hkvXp-°sf apdn®v sNdp- X m°n, ]nt∂w ]nt∂w apdn®v sNdpXm°n Aßs\ t]mbm¬ F{X hsc t]mIm≥ ]‰pw?

B‰w BIpw hsc F∂v {]mNo\ {Ko°p- I m¿. IWw hsc F∂v {]mNo\ C¥y-°m¿. ]t£, ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏p-I-fpsS AsXms° shdpw Dulw Bbn-cp-∂p. klm-bt- Øm-sStb \ap°v kq£vaP - o-hn-Isf Bcpw AsXm∂pw ImWm≥ Ign-bq, At√?

At∏mƒ ssat{Im-kvtIm- I≠n-cp-∂n-√.

Bfp-Iƒ tcmKw ∏n-s\-°p-dn®pw Nne Imcy߃ a\- n-em-°mw. Nncp-X- h∂p acn- ° pI °p-´n-bpsS amjns\˛ A∂p k¿hkm-[m-c]m∏q-´n-am-jn-s\˛ ]cnN-bs∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bh-iy-an-√t- √m. W-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhtIm]w sImt≠m ]nim-Np-°-fpsSbpw Zp¿tZ-h-X-Ifp- s Sbpw D]- { Zhw sImt≠m BWv tcmKw hcp-∂Xv F∂m-Wh¿ hniz-kn-®-Xv. C∂n- t ∏mƒ \Ωƒ°- d nbmw

an° tcmK-߃°pw ImcWw tcmKm-Wp°- f m- W v (lr- t {Zm- K hpw {`m¥pw {]talhpw CXn¬ s]Sn√ tIt´m). Ah icoc-Øn¬ {]th-in®v s]cp-Ip-tºm-gmWv a\pjy¿ tcmKn-bm-hp-∂-Xv. tcmKm-Wp-°sf kq£vaZ- ¿in-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v t\cn-t´m, t^mt´m FSptØm ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. km[m-cW {]Im-inI kq£vaZ- ¿in-\n-Iƒ, Ce-Ivt{Sm¨ kq£vaZ- ¿in-\n-Iƒ, Bt‰manIv _ow kq£va-Z¿in-\n-Iƒ, kvIm\nwKv SW-enwKv kq£va-Z¿in-\n-Iƒ... Cßs\ F{Xtbm Xcw kq£va-Z¿in-\n-Iƒ C∂p≠v. tcmKm-Wp-°sf ImWp-Ibpw AhbpsS khn- t i- j - X - I ƒ ]Tn- ° p- I bpw sNbvX-tXm-sS-bmWv Ahsb ico-c-ØnNn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kNo{μ≥ Imd-Up°

12 12 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

F F

F

F

F

{]th-in-°msX XS-bm\pw {]th-in-®h - sc \in- ∏ n- ° m- \ p≈ Huj- [ - ß ƒ \n¿an°m\pw a\p-jy\p Ign-™-Xv. tIm¨shIvkv se≥kv F∂ A¤p-X-hkvXp C∂v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ D]-tbm-K-Ønep- f - f Xv km[m- c W {]Imiw sIm≠v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kq£va-Z¿in-\n-I-fmWv. hkvXp-°sf ]tØm \qtdm Bbnctam Cc´n hep-∏Ø - n¬ ImWn-°m≥ Chbv°v Ign-bpw. Ch-bnse {][m\ LSIw ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam tIm¨shIvkv se≥kpI-fm-Wv. tIm¨shIvkv se≥kv ImWm-Ø-hcp-≠m-In-√. F√m Iyma-dI - f - p-sSbpw ap≥hiØp Xs∂ AXp-≠v. ssIt\m-´° - m-cpsS Iønepw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ssItc-J-Isf hep-Xm°n°mWn-®v, hmbn-°p-∂-Xmbn \Sn-®v, `mhn {]h-Nn®v \Ωsf ]‰n-°m≥. hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn¬, a[y-`m-K-tØbv°p hcpw tXmdpw I\w IqSn-h-cp-∂, s\ø-∏Øns‚ cq]-ap≈ kv^SnIw (•m-kv) BWv se≥kv. sNdp-Xm-sW-¶n¬ apXn-c-bpsS cq]-am-sW∂p ]d-bmw. apXn-cbv°v em‰n≥ `mj-bn¬ "se‚n¬' F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. AXn¬ \n∂mWv se≥kv F∂ t]cp h∂-

Xv. \Spth apdn-®m¬ apdn-`mKw Nn{X-ØnImWpw-t]m-en-cn-°pw. se≥kn-eqsS Hcp {]Im-i_ow IS-Ønhn-´m¬ adp-h-iØv AXv Hcp _nμp-hnHØp-tN¿∂v ho≠pw AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xp ImWmw. Cßs\ HØp-tN-cp∂ (kw-{hPn- ° p- ∂ ) _nμp- h ns\ se≥kns‚ t^m°kv (F) F∂p ]d-bpw. saen™ se≥kns‚ t^m°kv Zqsc Bbn-cn-°pw.

IpS- h - b - d - ∑ m- c p- t SXv ASp- Ø pw. se≥kns‚ \Sp-°p-\n∂v t^m°- n-te°p≈ Zqc-amWv t^m°¬Zqcw (f). se≥kn- s ‚bpw t^m°- n- s ‚bpw CSbv°v Hcp hkvXp sh® tijw adp-hiØp \n∂v t\m°n-bm¬ hkvXp-hns‚ "hepXpw Xe- X n- c n- ™ - X p- a mb' {]Xn_nw_w \ap°v ImWm≥ ]‰pw. At∏mƒ B se≥kns\ Hcp "eLp kq£v a -

Z¿in\n' (simple microscope) F∂p hnfnbv°mw. XSn® se≥kv D]-tbm-Kn-®m\qtdm Ccp-\qtdm Cc´n hsc hep-∏Ø - n{]Xn-_nw_w ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

Bcm-WmZyw se≥kp-≠m-°n-bXv? B¿°pw Adn-bn-√. {]IrXn Xs∂ D≠m-°n-sb∂pw B´n-Sb - ∑ - m¿ Is≠-Ønsb-∂p-amWv Dulw. A·n]¿h-X-kvt^m-S\w \S-°ptºmƒ Nne-t∏mƒ knen° AS-ßnb ]mdbpw NpÆmºp-I√pw tN¿∂v Dcp-Im-\n-

2016 BKÃv 1

13 13

S-bm-Ipw. AXv emh-bmbn HgpIn Dd- b v°p- t ºmƒ kv^Sn- I - a mbn amdpw.

AXnNne- X n\v se≥kns‚ cq]-ap-≠m-Ipw. Ah ImWm\n-S-bmb B´n-S-b¿ AsXmcp IuXp-I-hkvXp-hmbn sNdnb hkvXp-°sf hepXm°n ImWn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p F∂mWv IY. t\tcm Ft¥m? C∂v \ap°v hy‡-am-b-dn-bm-hp∂ G‰hpw ]g°-ap≈ se≥kv Ako-dn-bb - n¬ (C-dm-°v) \n∂v Is≠-Ønb \nwdpZv se≥kv BWv. 308 sk‚o-ao‰¿ h-ep-∏-ap-ff AXv \n¿an®Xv 2750 Hmfw sIm√w apºm-Wv. CØcw henb se≥kp-Iƒ kqcy\p t\sc ]nSn®m¬, kqcys‚ NqSpw {]Im- i hpw t^m°- n¬ tI{μo- I - c n- ° p- s a∂pw hkvXp-°sf IØn-°m≥ AXn\p Ign-bpsa∂pw CuPn-]vXp-Im¿°pw Ako-dn-b°m¿°pw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ch- c n- e m- s c- ¶ nepw tIm¨shIv k v se≥kns\ Hcp eLp kq£va-Z¿in-\nbmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cpt∂m F∂-dn-bn-√.

F∂m¬ {Kokn¬ kz¿Ww sIm≠pw a‰pw Ae-¶m-ch - k - vXp-°ƒ D≠m-°p-∂h - ¿ Ahsb hep-Xmbn ImWm≥ se≥kv D]tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂p F∂v tcJ-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

A¬ l ≥ F∂v bqtdm-]y¿ hnfn-

°p∂ C_v≥ ˛ A¬ lbvXm-an-s\-°pdn®v \n߃ tI´n-´p-≠m-Ip-at- √m. 965˛1040 ImeØv Cdm°n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp henb imkv{X-⁄\ - m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.

At±-l-Øns‚ "InXm_v A¬ a\m-kn¿' ({]Im-i-Øns‚ ]pkvX-Iw) F∂ {KŸØn¬ c≠v tIm¨shIvkv se≥kp-Iƒ At\ym\yw Hcp {]tXyI AI-e-Ønsh®v t\m°n-bm¬ sNdnb hkvXp-°sf hep-Xmbn ImWm-sa∂pw as‰m-cI - e - Ø - nsh®p t\m°n-bm¬ Zqsc-bp≈ hkvXp°sf ASpØp hep-Xmbn ImWm-sa∂pw hnh- c n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . kq£v a - Z ¿in- \ n- b psSbpw Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bp-sSbpw XØz-amWv CsX-¶nepw At±lw Ah \n¿an-®n-cpt∂m F∂-dn-bn-√. aq∂p \q‰m≠v Ign™v InXm_v Aa\m-kndns‚ em‰n≥ ]cn-`mj bqtdm-∏nD≠m-bn. imkv{X-cw-KØv Hcp henb IpXn- ® p- N m- ´ - Ø n- t e°v AXp \bn- ® p. se∏¿sjbpw ]n∂oSv Keo-en-tbmbpw BZysØ sSen-kvtIm-∏p-Iƒ \n¿an-®p.

AXn\p apºv , 1575¬ s\X¿e- ≠ nlm≥kv Pm≥k\pw aI≥ k°-dn-bmkv Pm≥k\pw tN¿∂v BZysØ kwbp‡ kq£vaZ- ¿in\n (H-∂n-tesd se≥kp-Iƒ tN¿∂ kq£va-Z¿in-\n) D≠m-°n. Cw•≠n¬ tdm_¿´v lq°v (\yq-´s‚ ka-Imen-I≥) kq£vaZ- ¿in\n D≠m-°pI am{Xa-√, "ssat{Im-{Km-^nb' F∂ {KŸhpw cNn-®p. I\w Ipd®p sNØn-sb-SpØ tIm¿°v Ij-W-ßsf lq°v \nco-£n®v, I≠ ImgvN IS-em-kn¬ hc-®p-sh-®p. ]e ]e Ad-Iƒ t]mse ImW-s∏-´-XpsIm≠v Ahsb "sk¬' F∂p hnfn-®p.

A∂v samWm-Ãd- n-If - n¬ IrkvXy≥ ]mXncn-am¿ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ sIm®p apdn-I-sfbmWv sk√p-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AtX cq]w tXm∂n- b - X p- s Im- ≠ mWv lq°v tIm¿°n¬ I≠ cq]-ß-sfbpw sk¬ F∂p hnfn-®-Xv. Ct∏mƒ kkyß-fp-sSbpw Pohn-If - p-sSbpw tImi-ßsf sk¬ F∂p hnfn-°p-tºmƒ tdm_¿´v lq°n-t\m-SmWv \mw IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

14 14

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Fw KoXm-RvPen

a\p-jy¿°v D]-Im-cn-If - m-bh - b - mWv kq£vaP - o-hn-If - n-e[ - n-Ih - pw.

Fs¥ms° D]-Im-c-ß-fmWh \ap°v sNøp-∂-Xv ?

D]-{Z-h-ß-tfm? imkv{Xm[ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂ KoXmRvPent®®n ]d-bp-∂Xv tIƒ°q.

2016 BKÃv 1

ag-°mew XpS-ßn. C\n ]I¿®-∏\n-I-fpsS hc-hm-bn. Pe-tZm-jw, Npa, ^vfq, sshd¬ ^oh¿, sU¶n-∏-\n, Nn°p≥Kp-\nb Cßs\ t]mIp∂p \os≠mcp enÃv. IqsS-Øs∂ hb-dnf-°-ß-fpsS as‰mcp \nc ˛ tImf-d, Unk‚-dn, Utb-dn-b. Cu Akp-J߃s°√mw Imc-W-°m-cmb sshdkp- I - t fbpw _mŒo- c n- b ß- t fbpw Ah ]c-Øp∂ sImXp-Ip-I-tfbpw Cu®-I-tfbpw F√mw \Ωƒ i]n°m≥ XpS- ß pw. C{X I„- ∏ mSv Xcp∂ Pohn-Isf `qap-JØv F¥n\mWv {]IrXn kr„n-®p-hn-Sp-∂Xv F∂v A¤p-Xs - ∏-Spw. sshd-kv, _mŒocnb Fs∂√mw tIƒ°p-tºmtg Hcp]mSv ]I¿®-hym-[n-If - mWv \ΩpsS a\ n-te°v X≈n hcn-I.

15 15 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kXojv

Akp- J - ß - f p- ≠ m- h m≥ Imc-W-°m-cm-Ip∂p _mŒocnb t]mep≈ ssat{Im-_pIƒ F∂p Icp- X n, F√m kq£vaP - o-hn-Ifpw \ap°v D]-{Zhw am{Xta D≠m-°p-∂p≈q Fs∂m-cn-°epw Icp-Xcp-Xv. hmkvXh - Ø - n¬ C{Xbpw henb Afhn-ep≈ ssat{Im-_p-I-fn¬ A[n-Ihpw a\p-jy\v D]-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cn-√msX \ap°v `qan-bn¬ \ne-\n¬t∏ C√ F∂XmWv kXyw. GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ Ah¿ \sΩ klm-bn-°p∂p Fs∂m∂v ]cn-tim[n-°mw.

1) aÆn-ep≈ t]mj-I-L-S-I-ß-sfbpw [mXp-e-h-W-ß-sfbpw kky-ß-fn-te°v FØn- ° p- ∂ Xv aÆn- e p≈ hnhn[ ssat{Im-_p-I-fm-Wv. 2) `qan-bnse G‰hpw henb ipNo-I-

t{]mt´m-tkmh

3) Pe-Øn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂tXm A√msX sNdpIWn-II - f - mbn ]q¿W-ambn ebn-°m-sXtbm InS-°p∂ amen-\y-ßsf \o°w sNbvXv Pew ip≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n\v ]e ssat{Im-_p-I-sfbpw \mw D]-tbmKn-°p-∂p.

4) Du¿tPm¬∏m- Z \ {]{In- b - b mWv as‰m-∂v. _tbm-Kymkv dnbm-Œ-dp-I-fnaotXbv ≥ D¬∏m- Z - \ - Ø n\pw s^¿sat‚j≥ {]{In- b - b n- e qsS CssXB¬°-tlmƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ \mw ssat{Im-_p-Isf B{i-bn-°p-∂p.

5) hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ henb- t Xm- X n¬ ]e cmk- ] - Z m¿∞- ß fpw F≥ssk-ap-Ifpw _tbm BŒohv X∑m{X-Ifpw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂X - n\v _mŒo-cn-b, ^wK-kp-Iƒ F∂n-hsb D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Cu ssat{Im-_pIsf D]-tbm-Kn®v Ak-‰nIv Bkn-Uv, _yq´n-dnIv Bkn-Uv, emIv‰nIv Bkn-Uv, kn{SnIv BknUv F∂nh D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂p-≠v. c‡w I´-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\pw I´-]nSn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂X - n\pw thsd thsd cmk]-Zm¿∞-߃ B¬sK-I-fn¬ \n∂p-≠m°p-∂p. hb-dn-f-°-Øn-\p≈ acp-∂p-Ifpw hb-‰nse hnc If-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ acp-∂pIfpw ssat{Im-_p-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-®p-≠m°p-∂p.

6) _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn, _tbm-sI-ankv{Sn, P\-‰n-Ivkv, tamfn-°p-em¿ _tbm-

cW {]h¿Ø-Ic - mWv ssat{Im-_p-Iƒ. ]eXcw _mŒo-cn-b-ßfpw t{]mt´m-tkm-hIfpw ^wK- p-Ifpw B¬K-Ifpw arX-amb kky-˛-P-¥p-Pm-e-ßsf Po¿Wn-∏n-°p-∂Xn\v klm-bn-°p-∂p (decomposers). {]IrXn-bn¬ ssPh-am-en-\y-߃ Ip∂p-Iq-SmsX AgpIn Po¿Wn®v aÆn¬ Ie¿∂v t]mIp∂Xv Cu kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Ah Xn∂p t]mIp-∂-Xp-sIm≠p am{X-am-Wv.

16 16

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

fPn, ssat{Im- _ - t bm- f Pn XpS- ß nb imkv{X-im-J-I-fn-se√mw ]T\w \S-Øp∂-Xn\v G‰hpw ASn-ÿm-\] - c - a - mbn \mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv kq£vaP - o-hn-Is - f-bm-W.v 7) ^wKkv hn`m-KØ - n¬s∏´ boÃv D]tbm-Kn-®mWv ssh≥ t]mep≈ ]m\o-b߃ D≠m-°m≥ ]g-ßsf ]pfn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. t_°-dn-If - n¬ ]e-lm-cß - ƒ D≠m-°p∂-Xn-\v, A®m-dp-Iƒ \n¿an-°p-∂X - n-\v, ]e `£y-h-kvXp-°-sfbpw kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp°p- ∂ - X n\v F√mw boÃv t]mep≈ ssat{Im-_p-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

8) \ΩpsS Zl-t\-{μn-b-hyq-l-Øn-\p≈n¬ Pohn-°p∂ _mŒo-cnb Zl-\Ø - nhenb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p-≠v. t^mfnIv Bkn-Up-t]m-ep≈ hn‰m-an-\p-Iƒ \ΩpsS ico-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬Øs∂ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂- X n\pw Zln- ° m≥ _p≤n- a p- ´ p≈ k¶o¿W-amb A∂-P-ßsf (carbohydrates) s^¿sa‚ v sNbvXv thsd cmk kwbp- ‡ - ß - f m- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ p- s a√mw Cu _mŒo-cnb klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.

9) \ΩpsS Bhm- k - h y- h - ÿ - b nssat{Im-_p-Iƒ°v henb Hcp [¿aw Xs∂-bp-≠v. ssPh-h-kvXp-°sf Po¿Wn∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS _mŒo-cn-b, ^wK-kv, B¬sK XpS-ßnb ssat{Im-_p-Iƒ `qanbnse Im¿_¨ ˛ ss\{S-P≥ ˛ HmIvknP≥ N{I-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw kwXpe-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

10) sNdp Pe-Po-hn-If - n¬ an°-Xn-s‚bpw Blm- c - a mWv kq£va- P o- h n- I - f mb t{]mt´mtkmh-Iƒ. Ch {]Ir-Xn-bnse Blm-c-irw-J-e-bnse G‰hpw BZysØ IÆn- X - s ∂- s b∂p ]d- b mw. Aßs\ Blm-c-irw-Je \nb-{¥n-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mIp∂ tPmen t{]mt´m-tkmh-If - mWv sNøp∂Xv F∂p ]d-bmw.

11) ]e-Xcw ^wK-kp-Ifpw (DZm: IqWpIƒ) B¬K-Ifpw a\p-jy¿ `£-W-ambn D]- t bm- K n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . hf- s c- b - [ nIw t{]m´o\pw Im¿t_m- ssl- t{U- ‰p-Ifpw sImgp-∏p-Ifpw (fats), hn‰m-an≥ F, _n, kn, C XpS-ßn-b-hbpw AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ 2016 BKÃv 1

17 17

B¬K-Iƒ a\p-jy\v \√ Blm-ca - m-Wv. 12) I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ°pw ]∂n-Iƒ°pw tImgn t]mep≈ hf¿Øp-]£ - n-Iƒ°pw Xo‰-bmbn IS¬ B¬K D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p-≠v.

13) ]e [mXp-°-fp-tSbpw \s√mcp t{kmX- mWv B¬K- I ƒ. Nph∏v B¬K-If - n¬ \n∂v t{_man\pw {_u¨ IS¬∏m-b-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ab-Un\pw IqSmsX a‰p ]mb- e p- I - f n¬ \n∂v s]m´mjpw th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v.

14) iq\ym-Im-i-bm-{X-I-fn¬ bm{Xmt]-S-I-ß-fnse bm{X-°m-cpsS D—zm-khm-bp-hnse Im¿_¨ Utbm-IvsskUv Hgn-hm-°p-∂X - n\pw HmIvknP≥ D¬∏m- Z n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xn\pw Nne {]tXy-I-Xcw B¬K-Iƒ (chlorella synococcus) D]- t bm- K n-

°p- ∂ p- ≠ v . `£- W - a mbpw Chsb iq\ym-Im-ib - m-{Xn-I¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

15) sImXpIv IqØm- S n- I - f psS hf¿®sb XS- b p- ∂ - X n\v Nne- X cw B¬K klm-bn-°p-∂p. Ah ]pd-s∏Sp-hn-°p∂ Nne tSmIvkn-\p-Iƒ IpfØnepw Agp- ° p- N m- e p- I - f n- e p- a p≈ IqØm-Sn-Isf hf-cm≥ A\p-hZ- n-°msX XS-bp-∂p. CXv \ap°v KpW-am-Wv. kq£vaP - o-hn-Is - f-s°m≠v \ap-°p≈ D]-tbm-K-߃ C\nbpw FÆn-sbÆn ]d-bm-\p-≠v. D]-Imcw sNøp-tºmƒ Xs∂ Nne ssat{Im-_p-I-sf-s°m≠v \ap°v henb D]-{Z-h-hp-ap-≠v. Nne-sX¶nepw \ap°v H∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

1) ]e _mŒo-cn-bßfpw ^wK- p-Ifpw t{]mt´m- t km- h - I fpw sshd- k p- I fpw \ap°v ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂p≠v. tcmK-Im-c-W-°m-cmb kq£v-a-Po-hnIsf ]mtØm- P - \ p- I ƒ (Pathogens) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. \ap°p ]cn-Nb - a - p≈ Nne t]cp-Iƒ ]d-bmw. tπKv, £bw (TB), sS‰-\-kv, Un^vXocn-b, tImf-d, B{¥m-Ivkv, `£y-hn-j_m-[, Zl-t\-{μn-b-hyq-l-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK- ß - f n- e p- ≠ m- h p∂ Aƒk- d p- I ƒ, sKmtWm- d n- b , sa\n-RvssP-‰n-kv, Utb-dn-b, \yqtam-Wn-b, Nne XzIvtcmK߃ XpS- ß nb Akp- J ߃°v Imc- W - ° m¿ hyXykvX kv]ojo-kp-

I-fn¬s∏´ _mŒo-cn-b-bm-Wv. ae-º\n (a-te-dn-b), a\p-jy-cnepw I∂pIm- e n- I - f nepw ImWp∂ …o∏nßv kn°v\ v (sleeping sickness), Aao-_nIv Unk‚- d n XpS- ß n- b h D≠m- ° p∂Xv . t{]mt´m-tkmh h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ kq£vaPo-hn-If - m-Wv. dnMvthw (h-´s - ®m-dn), lntÃm-πm-kvtamknkv F∂nh ^wK-kp-I-fmWv D≠m-°p∂-Xv. sshd-kp-Iƒ Imc-W-°m-cmb ]I¿®hym-[n-I-fmWv ^vfq, sbt√m ^oh¿, PetZm-jw, ]£n-∏\ - n, ]∂n-∏\ - n, sU¶n-∏\ - n, Nn°p≥Kp-\n-b, sl¿]n-kv˛1, sl¿]nkv ˛2, sl∏-ss‰-‰nkv F, sl∏-ss‰-‰nkv _n, t]mfntbm, F®v sF hn, F®v ]n hn, FbvUvkv, ap≠n-\ocv (mumps), dps_√, akq-cn, Nn°≥t]m-Ivkv, aok¬kv, dm_okv, Ft_mf XpS-ßn-b-h. ]I¿®- h ym- [ n- I ƒ°v Imc- W - ° m¿ sImXptIm Cu®tbm H∂p- a √ Ft∂m¿an-°-Ww. Imc-W-°m¿ ta¬∏d™ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Xs∂. Ahsb

S n-bps mbt√m XpW t] \Ω-sf w m sa√ n-º≥. ? ∏ w ¿ c Cu ÿ I t]mhp an S hns

18 18

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Hcm-fn¬ \n∂v as‰m-cm-fn-te°v ]c-Øp∂ ]Wn-bmWv Cu®, sImXp-Iv, t]≥, Fen XpS-ßnb ]e Pohn-Ifpw sNøp-∂-Xv. hmbp- h n- e qsSbpw sh≈- Ø neqsSbpw `£- W - Ø n- e q- s Sbpw kv ] ¿i- \ - Ø n- e qsSbpw ssewKn- I - _ - ‘ - Ø n- e q- s Sbpw Hs° tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ ]c-°p-∂p-≠v. tcmK-߃°v Imc-W-am-Ip∂p F∂-X√msX thsdbpw [mcmfw D]-{Z-h-߃ \ap°v D≠m-°p∂ kq£vaP - o-hn-If - p-≠v. ]g- ß ƒ, ]®- ° - d n- I ƒ, `£- W - ] Zm¿∞-߃ F∂nh tISp-h-cp-Øn-°-fbp∂ ]q∏¬, ^wK- p-I-fm-Wv. \ΩpsS ]e Irjn-Ifpw ^wK- p-Iƒ ImcWw tcmKw h∂v \in-°p-∂p-≠v. Ae¶m-cs - ®-Sn-It- fbpw ^wK- p-Iƒ B{I-an®v tcmK-߃ D≠m-°p-∂p-≠v. \ΩpsS XpWn-I-fnepw a‰pw ImWp∂ "Icn-º≥' F∂ IdpØ sNdp IpØp-Iƒ ^wK- p-I-fm-Wv. Cu¿∏-tØmsS XpWnIƒ Iq´n-sh-®n-cp-∂m¬ AXn¬ ^wKkv hf¿∂v s]cp-Ip-∂-XmWv Icn-º≥. AXv XpWn-Isf \in-∏n-°p-∂p, D]-tbm-Ki - q-\yam-°p-∂p.

Pem-i-b-ß-fnse sh≈-Øn\v ]® \ndtam Nph∏p \ndtam Hs° ImWp-∂ps≠-¶n¬ AXv B¬KIƒ \nd-™X - p-sIm-

≠m-Wv. ]e B¬K-Ifpw sh≈-Øna’y- ß - f psSbpw a‰p Pe- P o- h n- I - f psSbpw \mi-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. ]e kky-ßf - p-sSbpw ac-ßf - p-sSbpw apI-fn¬ hf-cp∂ B¬K-Iƒ Ah-bn\S-°p∂ {]Im-ik - w-t«-jW {]{In-bsb XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ahbv°v henb \miw D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Bkm-anepw a‰pw ImWp∂ Hcp-Xcw B¬K tXbn-e-s®-Sn-I-fn¬ "sdUv dÃv Hm^v So' F∂ Hcp Akp-J-Øn\v ImcW-am-hp-∂p-≠v. Ahn-SsØ Im∏n-s®-Sn-Ifnepw Cu tcmKw ImWp-∂p. tXbne ˛ Im∏n hyh-km-bsØ CXv h√msX _m[n°p-∂p.

Cßs\ ]d-™p-t]m-hp-Ib - m-sW-¶nssat{Im-_p-I-sf-s°m-≠p≈ D]-{Z-hßfpw Hcp-]mSv ]d-bm-\p-≠m-hpw. HcpImcyw Dd-∏m-Wv. Cu kq£vaP - o-hn-If - mWv `qan-bnse kIe Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-\n¬∏n-\v k-lm-bn-°p-∂h - ¿. Pohn-temIØv _p≤n- b p- ] - t bm- K n®v F¥pw sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ i‡-cmWv a\p-jy¿ F∂v \Ωƒ hnNm-cn-°p-tºmgpw hn\-b]q¿hw Ht∂m¿°p-∂Xv \∂v˛ Cu AXnkq-£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Cs√-¶n¬ \ap°v `qanbn¬ Pohn-°mt\ Bhn-√.

B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ AkpJw h∂-t∏mƒ tUmŒ¿ B‚n-_-tbm´nIv Ipdn®p X∂-Xmbn ]ecpw ]d-bp-∂Xv tI´n´p-≠m-hp-a-t√m. F¥mWv Cu B‚n-_-tbm-´n-Iv? Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ acp-∂pI-fmWv B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ F∂v ]d-bmw. _mŒo-cn-bß - ƒ, ^wK-kp-Iƒ F∂n-hb - n¬ \n∂pw B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂p. Ch D]-tbmKn-®mWv tcmK-Im-cn-I-fmb _mŒo-cn-b-I-tfbpw a‰pw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. s]\n-kn-enbw s\mt´‰w F∂ ]q∏n¬ \n∂pw \n¿an-°p∂ s]\nkn-en≥ F∂ Huj[w Gsd {]kn-≤-am-W-t√m.

2016 BKÃv 1

19 19

kvIqfp-hn-´p-h-∂m-ep-S≥ \Ω-sfms° sNøp∂ Hcp ]Wn-bp-≠-t√m. as‰m-∂p-a-√. \√ XWpØ sh≈-Ønse Ipfn-bm-WX - v. _ n¬ \n∂pw IqSn-bX - v˛ hnb¿∏v, IoSm-Wp-°ƒ F√msa√mw t]mbn. ico-c-Ønse Agp°pw sagp- ° p- s a√mw Hgp-In-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ Hcm-izmkw. Ipfn Ign- b p- t ºmƒ Ahm-Ny-amb kpJw sXmSp-∂-

]n sI kp[n

Xp- t ]mse tXm∂pw.

XWpØ kt¥mjw. Nnescms° IqSp- X hrØn°v th≠n AWp-\min-\n-Iƒ tN¿sØ∂v AhIm-i-s∏-Sp∂ tkm∏mhpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. hne-Iq-Sn-bXpw aW-ap≈-Xp-amb tkm∏p-]-tbmKn®p Ipfn-®n´pw Ipd®p Ign- b p- t ºmƒ H∂p hnb¿Øm¬ \ΩpsS kzm`mhnI K‘w sXmen°v XncnsI hcpw. i°v... i°v... kvt{] ASn®n´pw henb Imcy-an-√. aWw \ΩpsS ]g- b Xp Xs∂. F{X kq£n®mepw CsX- ß s\ XncnsI hcp∂p? AXns‚ Kp´≥kv F¥m-sW-∂-dnbt≠?

s»m! hnNm-cn-®-Xp-t]m-e-√ Cu kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ. \ΩpsS sXmen-∏p-dØv Xs∂ D≠s{X Ah. Ipds®m-∂p-a-√; tImSn-°-W°n-\v. IuXp-I-I-c-amb Cu Imcyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂Xv imkv{X-sagpØpImc-\mb ]n sI kp[nama\m-W.v

20 20 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Hcp {Sn√y¨ kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ GI-tZiw H∂c apX¬ c≠p NXp-c{i-ao-‰¿ hnkvXr-Xn-bp-≈-XmWv a\p-jycpsS sXmen. AXn¬ Hcp {Sn√y¨ kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ Xmh-f-a-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

AXm-bXv 1,000,000,000,000 (e£w tImSn) FÆw kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmWv \ΩpsS ]pdØp-≈X - v. _mŒo-cn-b, ^wK-kp-Iƒ, sshdkp-Iƒ F∂n-hc - mWv \ΩpsS ico-cØ - ns‚ AXn¿Øn-bmb Xz°n¬ Xº-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. sXmen AXn-i‡ - a - mb Ih-Na - m-Wv. Cu aXn¬s°-´p-≈X - n-\m¬ AWp-Po-hn-Iƒ°v D≈n-te°v \pg-™p-Ib - d- m≥ km[n-°p-∂n√. aXn¬∏p-dsØ ]mbepw ]∂epw amXncn Ah sXmen-bn¬ ]‰n-°q-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS sXmen-bpsS ]pdw-]m-fn-bmb

F∏n-tU¿an-knepw aqSn-bpsS t^mfn-°nfp-I-fn-ep-amWv Ch hkn-°p-∂-Xv. Bbn-ctØmfw PmXn-bn¬s∏-Sp∂ _mŒo-cn-bß - fm-W-Xn¬ apJyw. ^wK-kp-Ifpw sshdkp-Ifpw AXn\p ]pd-sa. F{X Xpc-Ønbmepw Ah¿ t]mIn-√. \√ hne-bp≈ tkm∏p-sIm≠v Ipfn-®m-sem∂pw Ahsc HmSn-°m≥ km[n-°n-√. \ΩpsS icocw \Ωp- t SXp am{X- a √ F∂m- i z- k n- ° pI am{Xta \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. kam-[m-\n-°m≥ th≠n-bn-ßs\ IcpXmw. \ΩpsS sXmen-∏p-dØv Hcp-Zym-\-ap≠v. GXm≠v Bbn-ct- Ømfw PmXn _mŒocn-b-߃, ]Xn-∂mep h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ ^wK-kp-Iƒ F∂nh Xnßn \nd™ ImSv. AXpw Npa-∂mWv \Ω-fn-ßs\ \S-°p-∂Xv. h√m-sØmcp ]Wn Xs∂. \ΩpsS ico-ca - W - Ø - n\p Imc-W°mcpw Cu AWp-Po-hn-If - m-W.v Nne _mŒo- c nb `mbn- I ƒ \ΩpsS hnb¿∏ns\ hnL- S n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p.

AXn¬ \n∂p- ≠ m- I p∂ cmk- h kvXp-°-fmWv ico-c-Øn\v K‘w sImSp-°p-∂-Xv. AΩ- b psS D≈n¬ H∂p- a - d nbmsX Npcp≠p InS∂ B sNdnb Ime-an-t√. At∏mƒ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p \ap°v \Ωp-tS-Xmb Xz°p-≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. AΩhbdn¬ \n∂pw NmSnt∏m-∂-tXmsS Ah¿ B{I-aWw XpS-ßn-bnt√! \ΩpsS sXmen-bn]‰n-°qSn Xma-kn-°m≥ Cu kq£vaPo-hn-Iƒ \Ωƒ hcp-∂Xpw ImØp-\n-∂p.

t]Sn-t°≠, kl-Po-h-\hpw ktlm-]-Im-cn-X-bp-amWv Cu iey-߃ Cßs\ taØp Ib-dnbn-cn-°p-tºm-sg-ßs - \-bm-W∏m kam-[m-\ambn Dd-ßp-∂Xv? Ah-sc-s¥-¶nepw kpJt°-Sp-I-fp-≠m-°n-bmtem?

Aß-s\-sbm∂pw IcpX-≠. Ch-cn¬ an°-t]cpw \Ω- f p- a mbn kl- h - k n°m≥ XpS-ßn-bXv C∂-

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kXojv

2016 BKÃv 1

21 21

setbm Ct∂m A√. a\p-jy-cp-ambn \q‰m≠pIfpsS _‘-am-Wh - b - v°p-≈X - v.

Ah-cn¬ an° PmXn kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw \ap-°v D]-Im-cn-If - m-Wv. \ΩpsS Np‰p-]mSp-If-- nse D]-Im-cn-I-fmb kq£va-Po-hnIsf°pdn®v \n߃ hmbn-®-Xm-W-t√m.

A-Xp-t]mse sXmen-bnse an{X-ß-fm-Wnh¿. \ΩpsS sXmen-hm-kn-I-fmb _mŒo-cnbßfn¬ Nne-scms° bmsXmcp tZmjhp-ap-≠m-°msX sXmen-∏p-dØv NpΩmsX Xma-kn-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q. Nne¿ Xßsf B{I-an-°m≥ hcp∂ a‰p _mŒo-cn-bßsf AI-‰m≥ Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°-fp≠m-°m-dp-≠v. AXv \ap°p IqSn KpWI-c-am-Wv. ImcWw A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fmb _mŒo-cn-bß - ƒ \ΩpsS sXmensb B{Ian-°m≥ hcn-√-t√m. h√-t∏mgpw am{Xw Ipfn-°p-∂-hsc kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv Cu _mŒo-cn-bß - f - m-Wv. \Ωfpw Cu kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-ambn Hcp _‘-ap-s≠∂p a\- n-em-bn-t√. Hcp Ipg- ∏ - h p- a p- ≠ m- ° msX Ah- c - ß s\ \ΩpsS ]pdØv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. ChnsS a\p-jy\pw _mŒo-cn-bbv°pw ]c-kv]cw KpW-hp-an-√ tZmj-hp-an-√. Nne _mŒo-cnb-߃ \ap°v KpWw Xcp-∂p-≠v. ]Icw \Ω-f-hsc Xma-kn-°m-\p≈ CSw-sImSpØv kwc-£n-°p-∂p. Cßs\ tZmjß-fp-≠m-°msX Hcp-an®v Xma-kn-°pIbpw As√-¶n¬ ]c-kv]cw Xmßmbn KpW-߃ ]¶n-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pohn_-‘ß - f - mWv ktlm-]I - m-cn-Xbpw klPo-h\ - h - pw.

{]ta-lt- cm-Kn-Iƒ, hr≤¿ F∂n-hc - psS A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb sXmen-bn-eqsS Chscms° Nne-t∏mƒ D≈n-te°v \pg™p Ib-dm-dp≠v. Nne-cpsS hnb¿∏n\v cq£K‘w hcm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw Cu A[n-\nth-i-°m-cpsS ]Wn Imc-W-am-Wv.

B Xºp-I-sf-hnsS? Cu _mŒo-cn-b-߃ Fhn-sS-sbm-s°bmWv Xº-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p t\m°mw. ico-c-Ønse DW-ßnb `mK-߃, \\-hp≈n-Sw, FÆ-a-b-ap≈ `mK-߃ F∂n-hn-Sß-fn-emWv Ah¿ Xmh-f-߃ tXSn-bn-cn°p-∂-Xv. ssIIm-ep-I-fmWv Ft∏mgpw DW-ßnbn- c n- ° p∂ `mKw. sXmen aS- ° p- I ƒ, k‘n-I-fpsS Dƒh-i-߃, amdn-Sw, hncep-Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse Cu¿∏-Øn¬

Xz°v \nhm-k n-I ]Xn-∂mep h -fmb n`mK ^wK- p-Ifpw w lmP-cpt≠..!

22 22

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Nne¿ Iq´w-tN-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS Xe, IgpØv, DS¬ F∂n-hn-Sß - f - n-emWv Ft∏mgpw FÆ-a-b-ap-≈v. AhnsS Ah-sc-°m-Wmw. Npcp-°n-∏-d-™m¬ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS km∂n- [ y- a n- √ mØ Hcn©p t]mepw \ΩpsS tZl-Øn-en-√. \\-hp≈ `mK-ßsfms° hrØn-bm°n Xs∂ kq£n-°Ww. Nne-PmXn Ipan-fp-Iƒ AhnsS Ibdn-∏‰- m-\p≈ km[y-Xb - p-ap-≠v. \mkm-c{- ‘߃, sNhn, s]m°nƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnCh¿ Hfn®p hkn-°p∂ Imcyhpw {i≤n°p-I. Xz°v \nhm- k n- I - f mbn ]Xn- ∂ mep hn`mKw ^wK- p-Iƒ AYhm Ipan-fp-Ifp- ≠ v . boÃv , sU¿at‰mss^‰p- I ƒ, t\m¨ sU¿a-t‰m-ss^-‰p-Iƒ F∂n-hb - mW-h. sNhn-bn-te-°p≈ Zzmcw, I¨]pcn-I-߃, Xe-bp-sSbpw sNhn-bp-sSbpw ]pd-Ip-h-i-߃, Im¬hn-c-ep-Iƒ F∂n-

hn-Sß - f - n¬ ASn-™p-Iq-Sm-\mWv Ipanƒhn`m-K-°m-cmb kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ C„-s∏Sp-∂-Xv. AWp-Po-hn-Isf h√msX `b-t°≠ Imcy-an-√. \ΩpsS sXmen-bn¬ cmPymXn¿Øn-bnse amXncn henb kwL¿jß-sfm-∂p-an-√. F¥m-bmepw c≠p-t\cw Ipfn-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. aq°n-\pƒ`mKw sNhn-bp-sSbpw ico-c-Øn-s‚bpw aS-°pIƒ, CSp-°p-Iƒ F∂n-hn-Sß - f - nepw IqSpX¬ {i≤ sImSp-°-Ww. tZlw hrØnbm-°m≥ ap¥nb tkm∏v thW-sa-s∂m∂p-an-√. A[nIw tkm∏v ]X-∏n-®n´pw Imcy-an-s√∂p a\- n-em-bn-t√. tkm∏n\pw kvt{]bv°pw ]Ww Ifbp-∂-Xn¬ Imcy-an√ F∂p Npcp-°w.

Xz°ns\ Btcm-Ky-I-c-ambn kq£n-°m\m-h-iy-amb t]mj-I-ß-fp≈ `£-WamWv Bh-iyw.

R߃ Hcp-]‰w kq£vaP - o-hn-If - m-Wv. shdpw kq£vaP - o-hn-If - √ - . \√ H∂m-¥cw Akp-J-߃ D≠m-°p∂ kq£va-Po-hnIƒ. km[m-c-W-bmbn I≠p-h-cp∂ PetZm-jhpw ]\nbpw sXm´v \nß-tf-hcpw `b-s∏-Sp∂ FbvUvkv, sl∏-ss‰-‰nkv XpS-ßn-b-hbpw R߃ D≠m-°p-∂Xp Xs∂. F∂m¬ \nß-fpsS sIm≈--cpXmbva sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv R߃ \nß-fn¬ tcm-KØns‚ hnØp-Iƒ hnXbv°p- ∂ - X v.

Hcp Xc-Øn-

¬ ]d-™m¬ \n߃ Rßsf £Wn®p-hc - p-Øp-∂p. \n߃°v Rßsf AI‰n-\n¿Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ ipNn-Xzw ]ment® aXn-bm-Iq. ipNnXzw C√mØ A¥-co-£Øn¬ R߃ Fen-I-tfbpw sImXp-IpI-tfbpw Iq´p-]n-Sn®v \nß-fn¬ {]th-in°pw. aen-\-amb Pew, aÆv XpS-ßn-b-hbn¬ \n∂pw R߃ \nß-fn¬ FØpw. Npcp-°n-∏d- ™ m¬ Rßsf t]mep≈ hn√≥ IYm-]m-{X-߃ \n߃°-cn-InFØm-Xn-cn-t°-≠Xv \n߃ Hmtcm-cpØ-cp-tSbpw IS-a-bm-Wv. CsX√mw tI´v Rßsf A∏msS shdp-°t√, Rß-fpsS `qcn-`mKw Iq´p-Imcpw \n߃°v D]Imcw sNøp-∂-h-cm-Wv. kvt\l

2016 BKÃv 1

23 23

A\nX kn sI

bp≤-Øn¬ ]cm-Pb - s - ∏-´p. ]mco-kn¬ Xncns®-Øp-tºmƒ tIhew 30,000 ssk\n-I¿ am{X- a mWv _m°n- b m- b - X v . Ah- c nBtcm-Ky-ap-≈-h¿ 1000¬ Xmsg am{Xw! Fß-s\-bmWv s\t∏m-fn-bs‚ tk\ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-Xv? Imc-W-ambn Ncn-{X-Im-c∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂Xv djy-bnse i‡-amb ssk\yhpw Ahn-SsØ AXni- ‡ - a mb XWp∏pw BWv . F∂ms\t∏m- f n- b s\ tXm¬∏n- ® - X m- s c∂ bmYm¿∞yw ASp-ØnsSbmWv temIw a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv. Fß-s\-sbt∂m? *** enXzm-\nb. bqtdm-∏nse Hcp sIm®p-

s\t∏m-fn-bs - \-°p-dn®v \n߃ tI´n- ´ pt≠m? ]sØm- º Xmw \q‰m-≠n¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ apgp-h≥ A[n-Imcw Dd-∏n® AXn-i-‡\mb Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bncp∂p s\t∏m- f n- b ≥ t_mW∏m¿´v. Akm-[y-ambn H∂p-an√ F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Imgv N - ∏ m- S v . 1812s\t∏m-fn-b≥ N{Ih¿Øn ssk\y-hpsamØv djy Iog-S°m≥ ]pd- s ∏- ´ p.

Bdv e£w ssk\nI-cmWv tk\-bnD≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv! ]StemIsØ Iog-S-°m≥ {ian® s\t∏m-fn-b≥ N{I- tbm´w ]ptcm- K - a nh¿Ønsb CØn-cn-t∏m∂ °sh Ah¿°n- S kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ ]cm-P-bbn¬ \n∂v Nne s∏-Sp-Ønb IY tI´n-´pssk\n-I¿ tdmU-cnt≠m? A[ym-]n-I-bmb A\n-Xt- ®®n \n߃°mbn In-te°v th®v th®v B IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I\S- ∂ p. ]ecpw bm-Wn-hn-sS. Xf¿∂v Ipg™v hoWv acn- ° p- ∂ p. ssk\yw FÆ-Øn¬ IqSp-XD≈-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw Bcpw AXv Ku\n-°msX apt∂m´p IpXn-®p. ]t£, HSp-hn¬ s\t∏m-fn-b≥

n...! ...! l p n ...! l m≠ ln Æp-sI ‰mØ I m≥ ] p - ° ƒ m-W c ImW £va -f-°ms ... q k ´m . ] -]-‰nt® Xd

24 24 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

cm-Py-am-W-Xv. 2001se Hcp {]`m-Xw. enXzm\n-bb - psS Xe-ÿm-\a - mb hn¬\n-bk - nsSen- t ^m¨ tI_n- f n- S p∂ tPmen- b nte¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bmWv sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ.

FkvIt- h-‰¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v aÆv tImcn-sbSp-°p-I-bm-Wv. CSbv°v aÆn¬ shfpØ \nd-Øn¬ Ft¥m H∂v. AsXmcp Xetbm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Wn XpS¿∂p. H∂v... c≠v... ]ns∂ FÆ-a‰ Aÿn-Iq-S-߃ FkvI-th-‰¿ ssII-fn¬ Ipcpßn!

Ncn-{X-Øns‚ sX‰mb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øep-Isf Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ff sXfn-hp-IfmWv A∂v FkvIt- h-‰¿ ssIIƒ aÆn\Sn-bn¬ \n∂pw hen®p ]pd-Øn-´-Xv. Cu kXyw a\- n-em-°n-bn-´s - √-¶nepw kw`hw P\-{i-≤b - m-I¿jn-®p. hn¬\n-bk - n¬ ]cyth-£-W-߃ \S-∂p. AhnsS V BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ {S©pIƒ Is≠- Ø n. c≠mbnctØmfw ih-i-co-c߃ H∂n®v AS°w sNbvXn-cp∂p Ahbn¬. ihico- c ߃s°m∏w D≠m-bn-cp∂ hkv{Xm-hi - n-„ß - f n \n∂pw Ah¿ s\t∏m-fnbs‚ ssk\n-I¿ Bbn- c p∂p F∂Xn\v sXfn- h p- I fpw Kth-j-I¿ Is≠-Øn.

AtXm- s Sm∏w sR´n°p∂ Nne kXy-ßfpw ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. s\t∏m-fn-bs‚ ssk\ysØ ]cm-P-bs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv djy≥ ssk\n- I - c √; djybnse ssiXy-hp-a√.

AXn\p Imc-W-ambXv ssS^kv F∂ tcmK-am-bn-cp∂p!!

2016 BKÃv 1

25 25

CXn\p Imc-W-°m-ct\m? Hcp kq£vaPo-hn-bpw. kq£va-Po-hn-bm-sW-¶nepw I£n-bpsS t]cp-Xs∂ CØncn ISp-∏amWv tIt´m. dns°-‰-knb s{]mhm-km°n (Rickettsia Prowazekii).

IÆp-sIm≠p ImWm≥ ]‰mØ Chs\- ß s\ ]´m- f - ° msc Xd- ] - ‰ n®p F∂t√? t]\p- I ƒ hgn- b mWv Cu kq£vaP - ohn ]´m-f° - m-cpsS ico-cØ - nIb-dn-∏‰- n-bX - v. s]mXpsh hrØn Ipd-™h-cm-bn-cp∂p {^©v `S-∑m¿. Ah¿ Ipfn°p-∂Xv h√-t∏mgpw. s]mSnbpw hnb¿∏pw ]‰nb bq\nt^mw am‰p-∂Xv A]q¿hw. t]msc-¶n¬ th\¬°m-e-hpw. t]\p-Iƒ s]cp-Im≥ thsd¥p thWw? IqSmsX Iq´-am-bp≈ Xma-k-hpw. t]≥ ssk\n-

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kXojv

I¿°n-S-bn¬ s]cp-In, ]c-∂p. sXmenbntem hkv{X-ßf - ntem hogp∂ Cu sNdpPo- h n- b psS Imjv T - Ø n¬ \n∂pw Hcp sNdnb t]md-en-eqsS t]mepw ssS^kv AWp-hn\v ico-cØ - n-\I - t- Ø°v IS-°m≥ {]bm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ssk\n-I-cn¬ ]e¿°pw AXn-I-Tn-\amb ]\n _m[n-®p. ico-c-Øn¬ Nph∂ XnW¿∏p-Iƒ {]Xy-£s - ∏-´p. Nne¿ \oen® apJ-tØmsS s]s´∂v acn-®p-ho-Wp. tcmKw hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ hym]n-®tXmsS s\t∏m- f n- b \v ssk\y-hp-ambn aS-tß≠n- h - ∂ p. tamkvtIm apX¬ ]mcokv hsc "ihß-fpsS ]mX' Ah-ti-

jn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Hcp aS-°-bm{X! dn-°-‰-knb s{]mhm-km°n ˛ i‡\mb s\t∏m-fn-bs‚ AXn-i-‡-\mb FXn-cm-fn. AtX, Ncn-{XsØ am‰n-a-dn® Hcp kq£va-Pohn!! *** \ΩpsS \m´nepw Hcp ]S-tbm-´sØ kq£vaP - o-hn-Iƒ ]cm-Pb - s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v tIt´m. ]gb IY-bm-Wv. A°Y Npcp-°n-∏-d-bmw... sIm®n-cm-Pmhpw t]m¿´p-Ko-kpImcpw Nßm-ØØ - n-em-bXv kmaqXncn cmPm- h ns\ sNmSn- ∏ n- ® p. kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS B{I-a-W-ØnsIm®n-cm-Pm-hn\v Hfn-t®m-tS≠n h∂p. F∂m¬ Xma- k nbmsX t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ sIm®n-cm-Pmhns\ knwlm-k\ - Ø - n¬ ho≠pw Ah-tcm-[n-®p.

Ip]n-X-\mb kmaq-Xncn 1504h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ ]S-\o-°-amWv sIm®n-bn-te°v \S-Øn-b-Xv. 250 I∏-epIfpw \mhn-Icpw ]ns∂ 60000 t]c-Sßp∂ Imemƒ∏S-bp-sa√mw kmaq-Xn-cnbpsS ]£-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. t]m¿´pKokp- I m- c psS bp≤X{¥Øn\p ap∂n¬ ]t£, kmaq-Xn-cn°v ]nSn®p- \ n¬°m≥ Ign- ™ n- √ . A©p- a mksØ t]mcm-´-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ kmaqXncn ]n≥hm-ßn. bp≤-Øn¬ kmaq-Xn-cnbpsS 19000 `S-∑m¿ acn-®p. Xo¿∂n-√. as‰mcp 13000 t]¿ A∂v hnjq-NnI (tImf-d)_m[-aqew acn-®-Xm-bmWv Ncn{X ]pkvX-I-ßfn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

26 26 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: cmPohv F≥ Sn

2016 BKÃv 1

27 27 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

C cmP≥

kq£va- P o- h nIsf°p-dn®v CXn\Iw a\- n-em-°nbt√m At√. H∂nt\bpw t\cn´v ImWm≥ In´n- √ .

F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS { ] h ¿ Ø \ w \ap°v Adn-bm-\mhpw. ]mev ssXcma\p-jysc am{X-a√ hp-∂Xv Xs∂ Hcpkq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ klmZm-l-c-Ww. a\p-jybn-°p-∂Xv; D]-{Z-hn-°p∂-Xpw. kky-ßsf \- S - ° - a p≈ P¥pkq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ °-fp-ambn kq£vaFßs\ _m[n-°p∂p Po- h n- I ƒ ]e- X - c F∂v hy‡-am-°p-IbmWv kky-im-kv{XØn¬ _‘-s∏-´n-cnhn-ZKv[\ - mb cmP≥am-a≥. °p- ∂ p.

P¥p°ƒ°v hcp∂ ]e tcmK-߃°pw kq£va-Pohn-I-fmWv Imc-Ww. kky-ßfpsS Imcy- Ø nepw Cßs\ Xs∂.

sNdp-\m-c-ß-bpsS apI-fn¬ Xhn-´p-\nd- Ø n- ¬ Hcp AS- b mfw ImWm- d n- t √.

CsXmcp tcmK-am-Wv. Hcn\w _mŒo-cn-bbm-Wv CXn\v ImcWw. ]®-°-dn-Iƒ No™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv, Ipcp-ap-fIv h≈n DW-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xv, XpSßn H´-\-h[n kky-tcm-Kß - ƒ°v ImcWw _mŒo-cn-b, ^wKkv t]mep≈ kq£vaP - o-hn-If - m-Wv. kky-ß-fpw kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-ambn tcmKw A√mØ IuXp-I-I-c-amb Nne _‘-ß-fp-≠v. ]c-kv]-cm-{in-X-Xz-amWv AXv. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v hmbn-°q.

A\m-_o\bpw Atkmfbpw \ΩpsS s\¬h-b-ep-I-fn¬ [mcm-fambn I≠p-h-cp∂ kky-amWv Atkmf. CXv Hcp ]∂¬ hn`mKw kky-am-Wv. ]q°-fn√. Imb-Ifpw C√. Pe-Øns]m¥n-°n-S-°p-∂ kky-amWv. CXns‚ \of≥ thcp-Iƒ Xmtgm´v Xqßn-°n-S°pw. Cu thcp- I fmWv Pe- Ø ns]m¥n- ° n- S - ° m≥ klm- b n- ° p- ∂ Xv .

28 28

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

sNdn- b Xpw ]c- ∂ - X p- a mWv Ce- I ƒ.

CXns\ "hm´¿ sh¬sh‰v' (water velvet) F∂p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Cu Ce-I-fnNne-bn\w kbt\m _mŒo-cn-bIƒ Xmak-am-°pw. Ah ss\{S-Ps\ kzoI-cn®v Atkm-fbv°v \¬Ipw. ss\{S-P≥ kkyh-f¿®bv°v Bh-iy-amb t]mj-Ia - m-Wv. Atkmf kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-bbv°v Xmakn-°m≥ ÿew \¬Ip∂Xns‚ {]Xn-

2016 BKÃv 1

29 29

^-es - a∂v Iq´n-t°mfq. Ch-cpsS ]c-kv]cm-{in-XX - zw Fßs\? "A\m-_o\' (Anabaena) F∂ kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-b-bmWv Atkm-f-s®-Sn-bn¬ I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

Cu¥pw kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cn-bbpw Cu¥v F∂v ]d-™m¬ Adn-bmtam? \ΩpsS \m´n¬ [mcm- f - a p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ kkyamWv . Ct∏mƒ hf- s c- ° p- d t® ImWm-\p-≈q. Cu¥ns‚ Imb apf®mWv ]pXp- k - k y- a p- ≠ m- I p∂Xv. Ip´n kkyw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒØs∂ km[m- c W thcpIƒ°v ]pdsa tImdt√mbv U v thcp- I ƒ (coralloid roots) F∂ {]tXy- I - X cw thcpIƒ IqSn D≠mIp-∂p.

Cu thcp-Iƒ°v ]hng- ∏ p- ‰ ns‚ BIr- X nbmWv. aÆns‚ apI-fnte- ° mWv tImdtembvUv thcp-I-fpsS hf¿®. CXn¬ Nne kb- t \m- _ m- Œ o- c n- b Iƒ Xma-kn®v ss\{SPs\ kq£n-°p-∂p. ss\{S-Ps\ Cu¥n\v \¬Ipw. Cu¥m-sW¶n-tem, Xs‚ {]tXyI thcp-I-fn¬ NßmXn Xma-kn-t®ms´ F∂v IcpXn H∂pw sNøn-√. t\mtÃm°v (Nostoc) F∂ kb-t\m-_m-Œo-cnb- b mWv Cu¥v (cycas) ac- Ø ns‚ thcnkm[m-cW-bmbn ImWp-∂Xv.

sImSp- ° p- ∂ p. Chn- s Sbpw kq£va-Po-hnbpw kkyhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c - m-{in-XXzw ImWmw. ssdtkm- _ nbw hn`m- K - Ø n- e p≈ _mŒo- c nbß- f mWv sXm´m¬hm- S nbnse At¥-hm-kn-Iƒ.

CXp- t ]m- s e- X - s ∂- b p≈ kl-Po-h-\-amWv ss]≥a-cØns‚ thcn¬ ImWp∂ Nne- b n- \ w ^w- K - k p- I ƒ. "ssat°m-ssdk' F∂-dn-bs∏-Sp∂ Cu _‘w as‰mcp ]c-kv]-cm-{i-b-Øn\v DZm-l-cWam-Wv. Hcm-fn-√msX as‰bmƒ°v Pohn- ° m≥ hø F∂ Ah-ÿ.

]bdpw _mŒo-cn-bbpw

, ]b- d p- h ¿K- Ø n¬s∏´ \nc- h [n -fn√ n° q kky-ßsf \ap-°d- n-bmw. ]b¿, a[p] Ipf-Ø w. , - p ? ° c-∏-b¿, _o≥kv, ]´m-Wn XpSßn S fn√ ° n I sXm´m¬hmSn hsc \mw I≠n-´p-≠v. Imb mßn o ]∂ ] s mW Hcp sXm´m¬hmSn ]dn®v GX t\m°mtam? AXns‚ thcp-I-fnsIm®p sIm®p apg- I ƒ t]mse ImWmw. Cu apg-Isf aqem¿_p-Z߃ (Root nodules) F∂p ]d-bpw. Hcn\w _mŒo-cn-bß - f - mWv CXn¬ Xma-kw. Ch¿ ss\{S-Ps\ kzoI-cn®v sNSn°v \¬Ipw. ]I-c-ambn sXm´m¬hmSn Xs‚ thcp-Ifn¬ Xma-kn-°m≥ kuIcyw sNbvXp

Adn-bn∏v Cu e°w kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ {]tXyI ]Xn-∏m-b-Xn-\m¬ "tUmŒ¿ Upen-‰nepw Nßm-Xn-amcpw' t\mhepw "Hcp an≠m-{]m-Wn-bpsS \o≠-bm{X' Nn{XI-Ybpw Nne ]w‡n-Ifpw tN¿°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. Ah ASpØ e°-ØnXpS-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-°n-´nb F√m cN-\-Ifpw Cu e°-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. Ahbpw XpS¿e-°-ß-fn¬ {]Xo-£n°mw.

FUn-‰¿

30 30

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

kq£vaP - o-hn-Is - f-°p-dn®v Ipd®v Imcy߃ hmbn-®-dn-™-t√m. C\n \ap°v sNdnb Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-am-bm-tem?

Hcp IjWw {_Uv FSp-°p-I. AXv ho´n-\-IØv kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb Hcn-SØv hbv°W - w. Ddp-ºv, ]m‰, XpS-ßn-bh - b - psS D]-{Z-h-sam∂pw D≠m-ImØ hn[w Hcp ]m{Xw sIm≠v AS®v sh°-Ww. {_Uv I≠m¬ DS≥ AI-Øm-°p∂ sImXn-b∑mtcm sImXn-®n-amtcm ho´n¬ Bsc-¶nep-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSv \ΩpsS s{]mPŒn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bm\pw aSn-°-≠.

C\n \ap°v th≠Xv \√ Hcp se≥kmWv. BZy Znhkw Xs∂ se≥kp-sIm≠v sdm´nsb hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t®m-fq. c≠mw Znhkhpw aq∂mw Znh-khpw \nco£Ww XpS¿t∂m-fq. Ggp-Zn-hkw hsc. {_Õn¬ Hmtcm Znh-khpw Fs¥-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ am‰-߃ ImWp-∂p-s≠-¶nAXv Hcp t\m´p-_p-°n¬ FgpXn hbv°Ww. Iymad kqw sNbvXv t^mt´m FSp°p-I-bp-am-hmw. \nß-fpsS \nco-£-W߃ Hcp dnt∏m¿´m°n FgpXn Xøm-dm°n bpdo-°bv°v Ab-t®m-fq.

]{X-ap≠m-°q...

Hcp ¢mkv apdn.

Xnßn-\n-d™v Ccn- ° p- I - b mWv Ip´n-Iƒ. a\p-jy-°p-´n-If√; kq£va-Po-hn°p-´n-Iƒ. Ah¿ ]Tn-°p∂ ¢m mW-Xv. F¥m, Aßs\ k¶¬∏n-®p-Iq-tS? Cu ¢m n¬ \S- ° p∂ kw`- h - ß ƒ Fs¥-√m-am-bn-cn-°pw? Ah Dƒs∏-SpØn Hcp ¢mkv ]{Xw Xøm-dm-°n-bmtem? ck2016 BKÃv 1

31 31

am-bn-cn-°nt√. ]{X-Øn\v Hcp t]cn-Sm≥ ad-°-t√.

A[nIw hen-∏-sam∂pw th≠. Hcp F 4 t]∏-dns‚ c≠v ]pdw am{Xw. \n߃ Xøm- d m- ° nb ]{Xw BKÃv 30\v apºmbn bpdo-°bv°v Ab-®p-X-cq. anI® ]{X-Øn\v kΩm-\w.

hn N{μ-_m_p {_U p-≠m-° ] m e shÆ n¬ \ p - ∂ - X n \ -bp-ap n∂ pw Rß ≠ m - ° p v ssXcpw -∂-Xn ƒk -\p-sa l m b cpNn-® m n ° p -∂p-≠ s ° n-d-°n -t°m v. ...

\ap°-dn-bmØ ]e {]h¿Øn-I-fpsS ]n∂nepw kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ D≠v.

GsX-√m-am-WXv ? CXn-s\°p-dn®v \nß-tfmSv ]d-bp∂Xv BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn{]h¿Øn-°p∂ N{μ-_m_p ama-\m-Wv.

CÕe Xnt∂m nam Xn Rß hv ]pfn-∏n t∂m...

-° -sfm-s °-bm p-∂Xv Wv

hbdp \ndsb X´n-bn-´p-≠-t√m.

Cu Ign-®-sXms° Zln-∏n-°p-∂Xv Rßfpw IqSn-bm-sW∂v h√ Hm¿abp-apt≠m?

Nn{Xo-I-cWw: cmPohv F≥ Sn

32 32 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Rß-fn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nCu `qan-sbm-´msI Ft∂ Hcp Nh-dp-Iq\ BIp-am-bn-cp-s∂t∂m?

C\n s]mØnt°m aq°v!

sh≈-sam-gn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv ]d-b-s´. sh≈hpw hf-hp-sams° sNSn-Iƒ°v hen-s®-Sp-°m≥ ]mI-Øn-em-°p-∂Xv Rß-fm-Wv.

amen-\y-߃ s]cp-Ip-tºmƒ Rß-fn¬ Nne-cpsS FÆhpw s]cpIpw. AXmWv ]e tcmK-߃°pw Imc-Ww. AXv s]cp-ImsX t\m°-t≠...

Atøm... ico-c-Øn¬ apdnhv ]‰msX t\m°-t≠. apdnhv I≠m¬ AhnsS Ib-dn-°qSn ]gp∏v hcp-Øm≥ R߃ {ian-s®∂v hcpw.

! m‚ v v ° π v ymk ¬ kwk yK m -i n b _t Ø-c-Ø ∂v Bh v b lm ƒ C n¬ \n -ap-≠m pw.

-I n-\y-ß Ah-b -I-hm-X v Ign-b e m a -®m¬ ]mN ° cn ߃ \v n R Ø m≥ c °nØ

2016 BKÃv 1

33 33

34

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

a\p- j y≥ AS- ° - a p≈ Pohnh¿K-Øn\v A]-ISw hcp-Øm≥ Ign- h p≈ kq£v a m- W p- h mb _mŒo-cn-bbv°v A]-ISw hcpØm≥ as‰mcp kq£v a m- W phmb sshd-kn\v km[n-°pw.

ISp-hsb ]nSn® InSph

Hcm- f psS ssIsh- ≈ bn¬ am{Xw D≈ kq£va- P o- h n- I - f psS FÆw Abm-fpsS icoc-Ønse BsI tImiß-fpsS 500 Cc´n hsc BWv.

"ssI'Imcyw

\hmkv hS-°ß - c

s- f I n h vaP- o p≈ £ d- n®p∂ kq ° p ° n n∏ b X{ v i n k AX ne im ƒ.

N X yß k-

CXv ]e¿°pw Adn-bn√

sh≈w Xnf-bv°m≥ th≠ 100 Un{Kn NqSn-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂ Xm]- \ n- e - b n¬ t]mepw Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ Pohn-°p∂p.

NqtSmsS

CØ-hW Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bnkq£va-Po-hn-tem-IsØ Nne hnti-j-ß-fm-Wv. tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-emim-e-bn¬ kq£vaPo-hn-Isf-°p-dn®v ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ \hmkv ama≥ Fgp-Xn-bXv {i≤n-°q...

35 \nß- f psS tXm´- Ø nse Hcp kv]q¨ aÆn¬ Bscms° hkn- ° p∂p F∂mWv \n߃ hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv? 100 tImSn _mŒo-cn-b, Hcp e£Øn-e-[nIw ^wK-kv, 25000 FÆw B¬K h¿K߃!

Aºtºm! kΩ-Xn-°Ww!

`qan-bn¬ a\p-jycpw a‰p P¥pPm- e - ß fpw izkn- ° p∂ HmIv k n- P s‚ ]Ip- X n- b n- e - [ nIhpw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ISenepw Ic-bn-ep-ap≈ kq£vaPo-hn-If - m-Wv.

henb Imcyw

Bg-°-S-ense Db¿∂ NqSnepw a¿Z-Ønepw A·n-]¿h-X-Øns‚ ]pI- b nepw Xm]- Ø nepw hmbpthm shfn-®tam C√mØ ]cn-Xÿ - n-Xn-bnepw F√mw kq£vaPo-hn-I-fpsS km∂n-[y-ap-≠v.

XqWnepw Xpcp-ºnepw hsc

kq£vam-Wp-hmb sshd-kn\v Pohn°m\pw s]cp-In-bp-≠m-Im\pw Poh\p≈ a‰p tImi-߃ \n¿_-‘am-Wv. AXv _mŒo-cn-b, a‰p PohtIm- i - ß ƒ, kky- t Im- i - ß ƒ F∂n-h-bn-se√mw km[y-am-Wv.

]mh-Øn\v thsd hgn-bn√

CXp-hsc Is≠-Øn-b-Xn¬ A©v iXam-\Ø - n¬ Xmsg kq£vaP - o-hn-Itf A]I-SIm-cn-If - m-bn-´p-≈q. _m°n-bp-≈X - nNne- s X√mw D]- I m- c n- I fpw a‰p- ≈ - h sb√mw \ncp-]-{Z-h-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Wv.

P\p slen-t°m-_m-Œ¿ ss]-tem-dn ˛ AXm-sWs‚ t]cv. kuI-cyØn\v Npcp-°-t∏cp hnfn-t®mfq: F®v. ss]tem-dn. s\Sp-s\-Sp-¶≥ t]cv Xs∂. ]t£, Rms\mcp kq£va-Po-hn. kq£va-Z¿in-\n-bn-eqsS am{Xw ImWm-hp∂ _mŒocn-b. _mŒo- c nb C\߃ Hcp- ] m- S p- ≠ v .

AXn- s emcp C\w am{X-amWv F®v.-ss]temdn ˛ Cu "Rm≥'. \nß-fn-t∏mƒ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS imkv{X-Øn-\p-th≠n temI- Ø m- W - t √m. kzbw ka¿∏n® tdm_n≥ Iq´- Ø n¬ Ft∂w hmd≥. ]co-£W ^eIq´n-t°m-fq. Iq´-W߃ Dd-∏n-°m≥ th≠n kzbw Kn\n-∏∂ - n-bmb sa-∂n-√. Rm≥ IqsS_mcn am¿j¬. c≠v imkv{X-⁄-cpsS Bth-i- bp-≠v. a\p-jy-i-co-c-

Øn¬...

F∂m¬ Hcp kXyw ]d- b - s ´...

Rms\mcp tcmKmWp-hm-Wv... t]Sn-t®m. t]Sn am‰m≥ Ipd®p Ncn{X IYbmhmw.

Ncn{Xw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw {]tNm-Z-\-hpam-Wv. CXm Hcp Ip´n. C°m-esØ Ip´n-b√. 1937¬ P\n® Ip´n-bm-W.v t]cv tdm_n≥ hmd≥. Bkvt{X-en-bnse AsU-se-bvUnemWv Cu Ip´n. \nß-sf-t∏m-se-X-s∂. \∂mbn hmbn- ° pw. IY- I - f m- W n- „ w. kml-kn-I-I-Y-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ ]d-bm-\p-an√. Imc-Ww, tdm_n≥ Hcp sIm®p kmlkn- I - \ m- W v . ssk°n- f n¬ AsU- s ebv U ns‚ kao] Ip∂p- º p- d - ß - f nH‰bv°v Np‰n-°-d-ßm≥ henb C„w. {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-߃ I≠v aXn-ad- ∂ - n-cn-°pw.

Ipd®p apXn¿∂- t ∏mƒ A—≥ Ahs\mcp Iymad hmßn- s °m- S p- Ø p. t^mt´m-{Km-^n, {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-t^m-t´m{Km^n tdm_ns‚ hnt\m-Z-am-bXv Aßs\-bm-Wv. tdm_n≥ anSp- ° ≥ hnZym¿∞n Bbn-cp-∂p. imkv{Xhpw imkv{X ]pkv X - I ßfpw Ah\v \√ C„-am-bn-cp-∂p. sa{Sn°p-te-j\v ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ IW-°m-bn-cp∂p Ahs‚ {]nb-s∏´ hnj-bw. IqsS

I-c-amb IY-bn-Xm.. \nß-fpsS P\p-am-a≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

36

36

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Du¿P-X-{¥hpw ck-X-{¥hpw kmln-Xyhp-sams° ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. kvIqƒ ImesØ Hcp ckw tIƒ°tWm? AhnsS ]T\w {_n´ojv ^pSvt_mƒ eoKv t]mse a’-cm-[n-jvTnX-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mep Xe-Øn-emWv Ip´nIƒ. G‰hpw apI-fn¬ anSp-°-∑m¿...

G‰hpw Xmsg ]d-bm-\p-t≠m. am¿°p Ipd- ™ - h ¿. hm¿jnI ]co£ Ign™m¬, G‰hpw Xmsg- b p- f - f - h - c psS ÿm\w sXm´p XmgsØ ¢m n-em-Wv. Hcn-°¬ tdm_n\pw s]´p. tdm_n≥ \ncmi-\m-bn-√. an\-s°´p ]Tn-®p. G‰hpw apIfn-se-Øn. Ahn-sS-bßv Dd-®p. Ip´n-I-fmbm¬ Aßs\ thWw, At√? sa{Sn°p-te-j≥ ImesØ Hcp Zpc¥w IqSn ]d-bm-\p≠v. tdm_n\v A]-kvamcw _m[n®p. _‘p-°ƒ ]d-™p. C\n-b-hs\ kv I qfn¬ hnS- c p- X v . hgn- b n- s e- ß m≥ t_m[-a‰p hoWmtem? ]t£, tdm_n≥ ]T\w XpS¿∂p. tdm_ns‚ AΩ tdm_ns\ Ah- \ n- „ - a p- ≈ - s Xms° sNøm≥ A\p-hZ- n-®p. ae-ap-If - n-te-°p≈ ssk°nƒbm-{X-sbm∂pw apS-°n-bn-√. t]Sn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬°qSn Ah¿ tdm_n-t\mSv H∂pw ]d-™n-√. aIs‚ kzmX{¥yw, hy‡n-Xz-hn-Imkw F∂nh hep-Xm-sW∂v B AΩ-bv°-dn-bm-am-bncp-∂p.

CXp-hsc Ip´n tdm_n-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bncp-∂p \Ωƒ. Ct∏mƒ tdm_n≥ hf¿∂p.

Imew 1949. \Ω-fn-t∏mƒ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Hm^v shtè Bkv t {X- e nbbnse tdmb¬ s]¿Øv tlmkv]n-‰-en-em-Wv. AhnsS ]mtØm-fPn hn`m-K-Øn¬... B C-cn°p-∂-XmWv ]mtØm-fPn hn`mKw s{]m^-k¿. tUmŒ¿ tdm_n≥ hmd≥. \ΩpsS sIm®p tdm_n≥ Xs∂.

1979 Pq¨ 11. tUm.-tdm-_ns‚ 42˛mw P∑-Zn-\w.

Ign™ HºXp h¿j- ß - f mbn tdm_n≥ DZ-c-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS _tbm]vkn tIkp-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂p. DZ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v 2016 BKÃv 1

37 37

Nne amXr- I - I ƒ FSp- Ø p≈ ]T- \ w. s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿ _m[n® tcmKn-I-fpsS tIkp- I - f mWv At±lw ]Tn- ° p- ∂ - X v .

F¥mWv s]]v ‰ n°v Aƒk¿ F∂- d nbmtam? a\p-jys‚ Bam-ib `n-Øn-If - n¬ XpfhoWv {hW- a m- I p∂ tcmK- a m- W - X v.

IpSense Bkn-Up-I-fmWv Ign-°p∂ `£Ww Zln-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv. ]®-°d- nbpw ao\pw Cd-®n-bp-sams° Zln∏n-°p∂ Bkn-Un\v IpS-en-s\bpw Zln∏n-®p-IqsS? Zln-∏n-°mw. Aßs\ kw`hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ IpS¬`n-Øn-bn¬ hgp-hgp-∏p≈ Hcp Bh-c-W-ap-≠v. Cu hgp-h-gp∏p≈ Bh-cWw t\¿Øp-t]m-bmepw IpSense Bkn-Uns‚ Afhp Iq´n-bmepw BknUv IpS¬`n-Ønsb Zln-∏n-°pw.

AhnsS Xpf-hogpw. {hW-am-hpw. tNmc In\nbpw. CXmWv s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿.

Fß- s \- b mWv s]]v ‰ nIv Aƒk¿ D≠m-hp-∂Xv? \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn sshZy- i mkv { Xw AXns\mcp DØcw ]d-bp-∂p≠v; ]ncn-ap-dp-°w. hnhn[

Imc-W-ß-fm¬ a\p-jy≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ am\-kn-Iamb hnj- a - ß ƒ D≠m°p∂ kΩ¿Zw. akm- e Ifpw Fcnhpw a‰pw A[nI-ap≈ `£Ww [mcmfw Ign-°p-∂Xpw Aƒk-dn\v Imc-W-am-Wv. ]ncn-ap-dp°w Ipd-bv°m-\p≈ acp∂v \¬I-emWv NnIn’. F∂m¬, Cu P∑-Zn-\Ø - n¬ tdm_n≥ Hcp ImgvN-I-≠p. Hcp s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿ tcmKn-bn¬ \ns∂-SpØ _tbm-]vkn-bpsS aosX Hcp Xcw _mŒo-cnb hf-cp∂p! Hcp ]ncnb≥ _mŒo-cn-b. A∂p-hsc sshZyimkv{Xw H∂-S¶w hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv IpSen¬ \ndsb Bkn-Up-I-fm-bXn-\mAhnsS kq£va-Po-hn-I-sfm∂pw \ne\n¬°n√ F∂m-Wv. tdm_ns‚ ]n∂oSp≈ Zn\-߃ Cu _mŒo-cn-b-sb-°p-dn®p≈ ]T-\-Øn-em-bn. c≠v h¿j-°mew \nc-¥c ]co-£-W-߃. At±-l-Øn-\p-d-

∏m-bn s]]v‰nIv Aƒk¿ tcmKn-I-fpsS _tbm-]vkn-tbm-sSm∏w Hcp _mŒo-cnb D≠v. ]t£, sshZy-im-kv{X-temIw AXv AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. hb-dn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂v ]pdØp-h-cp∂ _tbm]vkn amXr-I-Iƒ arXam-bn-cn-°pw. AXn¬ _mŒo-cn-b-bpsS km∂n[yw ÿm]n-°pI {ia-I-c-am-bn-cp∂p. tdm_n- s \m∏w \n∂Xv `mcy hn\ns{^Uv am{Xw. Ah¿ tUmŒ-dm-W-t√m. am{X-a-√, ho´n-en-cp-∂mWv tdm_ns‚ ]co£-W-߃. AXn\v hn\n-bpsS klm-bhp-ap-≠v.

1981¬ as‰mcp Kth-j-I≥ tdm_ns\ tXSn-h∂ - p. tUm.-_m-cn-am¿j¬. tdm_n≥ hmds‚ AXp-h-sc-bp≈ Is≠-Ø-epIƒ tUm.-_m-cn-bn¬ IuXp-Ihpw Bthi-hp-ap-W¿Øn. tdm_ns‚ Is≠-Ø-epIƒ AwKo-I-cn®v tUm.-_mcn B ]co-£W-߃°v H∏w IqSn... a\p-jys‚ IpS-en¬ _mŒo-cn-bbv°v hf-cm-\mhpw F∂p-d-∏p≈ as‰mcp Pohn Rm\m- b n- c p- ∂ p˛ slen- t °m- _ m- Œ ¿ ss]tem-dn... Rm\m-bn-cp∂p B hn√≥... tUm.-tdm-_n≥ Is≠-Ønb _mŒo-cnb X√m≥ hc-s´... _mcn am¿j-ens\ Ipdn-®p-IqSn Adnbt≠? tdm_n\pw _mcnbpw XpS¿∂ Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ^ew F¥m-bncp∂p F∂-dn-bt≠? _mcn am¿j¬. sshZy-im-kv{XK-th-jW cwKsØ A¤p-X-a-\pjy≥. 1951¬ ]›na Bkvt{X-en-bbnse I¬iq¿en-bn¬ P\n-®p. AΩ \gv k m- b n- c p- ∂ p. A—- s \mcp ^n‰- d pw.

AXym-hiyw Pohn-°m≥ hI-bp≈ IpSpw_w. 1958¬ B IpSpw_w s]¿ØnFØn. Ip´n-Iƒ°v anI® hnZym-`ymkw \¬Im-\m-bn-cp∂p B ]dn-®p-\-S¬. hmbn- ® p- h - f - c m- \ p≈ Pn⁄m- k - b pambn P\n® Ip´n- b m- b n- c p∂p _mcn.

F¥pw hmbn-°pw. A—s‚ tamt´m¿ sa°m-\nIv kt¶Xw hnh-cn-°p∂ ]pkvXI-ßfpw AΩ-bpsS \gvknßv sshZy-

38

38

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

lpw!! y-imam¿j¬ sshZ w pZ kv{X-Øn¬ _nc s° t\Sn-bt- XmsS H p.

XInSw adn™

imkv{X {KŸ-ß-fpw. Xo¿∂n√ Ip´n-IfpsS "F≥ssk- t ¢m- ] o- U n- b - b nse B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p sNøm-hp∂ Imcy߃' hfsc C„-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. _mcnbpw ktlm-Z-c-ßfpw tN¿∂v AXn¬ ]dbp∂ \nc-h[n hkvXp-°ƒ D≠m-°pIbpw sNbvXp. A—\pw AΩbpw tPmen-°p-t]m-hptºmƒ sIm®p-_mcn c≠v A\n-b-∑m-cpsSbpw A\n-b-Øn-am-cp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-eI- \ m- I pw. Ahsc hc® hc- b n\n¿Øpw. F∂n´pw Hcn-°¬ Cfb A\nb≥ ac-Øn¬ Ibdn Xmsg hoWv IsømSn™p. henb hnj-a-ambn _mcn-°v. _mcn°v 12 hb- m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Znhkw _mcn-s°m∏w a°sf hn´v AΩ IS-bn¬ t]mbn. Ipd®p Ign-™-t∏mƒ 18 amkw {]mb-ap≈ A\n-b-Øn-bp-≠v, izmkw ap´n Npa-bv°p-∂p. F¥p-]‰n? _mcn°pw ktlm-Z-c-߃°pw a\- nem-bn-√. F¶nepw _mcn AXymlnX tkh\ hn`m- K - Ø n- t e°v s]s´∂v t^m¨ sNbvXp. 15 an\n-‰n-\Iw Bw_p-e≥kv FØn.

ImØn-cn-∏ns‚ 15 an\n-‰n¬ _mcn Ip™-\n-b-Øn-bpsS hmbnkz¥w hmb tN¿Øv Ahƒ°v Ir{Xn-ai - zmkw \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. \o¥¬ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\p t]mb-t∏mƒ ]Tn-®X - m-W,v izmkw \ne- ® - h ¿°v Ir{Xn- a - i zm- t km—zmkw \¬Ip∂ hn[w. ChnsS A\n- b Øn izkn- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v , AXm- h - i y- a n√ F∂v _mcn Hm¿Øn-√. ]t£, A\n-b-ØnbpsS hmb-tbmSv hmb tN¿Ø2016 BKÃv 1

39 39

t∏mƒ Ah\v asÆ-Æ-bpsS aWw In´n.

Ah-fpsS AIØp sN∂Xv asÆ-Æ-bmWv. Hcp ]m¬°p-∏n-bn¬ ]mXn \nd-®ph-®n-cp∂ asÆ-Æ-bmWv B H∂c hb p-Imcn IpSn-®p-t]m-bXv! A\n-bØn c£-s∏-´p. Ipd®p Znhk-߃ Ign-™-t∏mƒ Hcp ]{Xw Cu kw`hw hm¿Øm-te-J-\-am-°n. AXymlnX tkh\ hn`m-KØ - n-te°v Fßs\ hnfn- ° - W w, ]m¬°p- ∏ n- b n¬ hnjw \nd®p Ip´n-Iƒ FØp-∂n-SØv hbv°cp-Xv XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ AXn-ep-≠mbn-cp-∂p. ]t£, AXn¬ H∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂n-√, _mcn Xs∂-bmWv A{i-≤-ambn B ]m¬°p∏n AhnsS C´Xv F∂v.

Ahs‚ AΩ ]{X- ° m- c n¬ \n∂v A°mcyw ad-®p-h® - p. sIm®p_mcn {]ikvX-\m-bn. h¿j-߃°p-ti-jw, 1984¬ Ata-cn°-bnse Hcp Smtªm-bnUv ]{X-amb Ãmdn¬ Hcp IY h∂p. Xe- s °´v Cßs\: ""Kn\n∏∂n tUmŒ¿ Aƒk-dn\p≈ NnIn’ I≠p-]n-Sn-®p... AXns‚

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kXojv

I-fp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw tdm_ns‚ Is≠-Ø-ens\ hniz-kn-®p. Hcp KthjW Iq´m-bva-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. \nc-h[n tcmKn-I-fn¬ \ns∂-SpØ _tbm]vkn amXr-I-Iƒ h®v, Aƒk¿ tcmKn-If - n¬ F®v. ss]temdn F∂ Fs‚ km∂n[yw Cu tUmŒ¿am¿ Dd-∏n-®p. ]t£, Ah-cpsS \nK-a-\-߃ Bcpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂n-√. Bkn-Un¬ _mŒo-cnbbv°v Pohn-°m-\m-hn√ F∂-Xn¬ sshZyim-kv{X-cwKw Dd-®p-\n-∂p. Nne Iq´-cn-t√, ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ D≠m-bmepw ]gbXn¬ apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂h - ¿. AXp-t]mse.

F∂m¬ imkv{X-Øn\v \nK-a\w am{Xw t]mc; sXfn-hp-Iƒ thWw. _mcn-am¿jsXfn-hp- \¬I-Ww. ]co-£-W-Øn-eqsS a‰p-≈-h¿ AXv icn-h-bv°-Ww. F¥m sXfnbnbv°m-\m-hm-ØXv? tcmKn-I-fpsS _tbm-]vkn-bn¬ F®v.ss]-temdn F∂ Rm\p-≠v. ]t£, Hcp em_nepw Fs∂ hf¿Øm-\m-hp-∂n-√. tcmKn-I-fn¬ \ns∂-SpØ amXr-I-Iƒ hf¿Øm≥ h®v ]nt‰∂v t\m°n-bmss]temdn Fßp-an-√... Cu ka-bØv tUm.-_mcn B‚n-_t- bm-´n-°p-Iƒ \¬In tcmKn-I-fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v Fs∂ XpcØn tcmKw t`Z-am-°n-Øp-S-ßn. F®.ss]- t em- d n- b mWv Aƒk- d n\v Imc- W sa∂pw Npcp-ßnb sNe-hn¬ B‚n-_tbm-´n°v \¬In kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa-∂pw D≈ \nK-a-\-amWv _mcn apt∂m´p h®Xv. AXv sXfn-bn-°m≥ NnIn-’n®v tcmKw amdn-b-h-cpsS A\p-`-h-km£yw t]mc.

AXv \ΩpsS \m´nse {]IrXn NnIn-’I¿°pw H‰-aq-en-°m¿°pw aXn-bm-hpw. hnh-c-an-√mØ ]mhw a\p-jysc ]‰nbv°m≥ AXp-a-Xn. \ne-hn¬ tcmK-an-√mØ Hcp P¥p-hn]co-£n-®mse \nK-a\w icn F∂p sXfnbn-°m-\m-hq. Kn\n-∏-∂n-Ifpw Fen-Ifpw t]mc. Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ thWw. _mcnam¿j¬ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AXv a‰m-cp-a-√, At±lw Xs∂. Hcp tcmKn-bn¬ \ns∂SpØv _o°-dn¬ kq£n® F®v.-ss]-

Imc- W - h pw...''

B Kn\n∏∂n tUmŒ¿ BcmsWt∂m? 12˛mw hb- nA\n- b - Ø nsb ac- W Øn¬ \n∂v c£n®v hm¿Ø- b mbn amdnb sIm®p-_m-cn. _mcn am¿j¬. \ap°v tUm.- _ mcn am¿j- e n- s \m∏w t]mImw. 1975emWv _mcn am¿j¬ sshZy-imkv{X-Øn¬ _ncpZw t\Sn-b-Xv. 1979At±lw tdmb¬ s]¿Øv tlmkv]n-‰en¬ hnhn[ sshZy-im-kv{X-im-J-bnep≈ ]cn- i o- e - \ - Ø ns‚ `mK- a m- b n´v FØn. 1981 ]Ip-Xn-tbmsS At±lw DZc-tcmK kw_-‘-amb NnIn-’m-hn-`m-KØn-em-bn. AhnsS sh®mWv At±lw tUm.-tdm-_n≥ hmds\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv . BZy IqSn- ° m- g v N - b n¬ Xs∂ tdm_n≥ At±lw Is≠-Ønb ]ncn-b≥ _mŒo-cn-b-bpsS ss…Up-Iƒ _mcnsb ImWn-®p. BknUp \nd™ hb-dnPohn- ° p∂ _mŒo- c nb ck- I - c - a mb hnjbw Xs∂. tUm. _mcn°v DZ-ct- cmK imkv{X-Øn¬ henb ]cn-N-b-an-√m-ØXp-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-sc-t]mse ap≥hn-[n-

40

40

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

temdn _mŒo- c nb \nd™ embn\n At±lw H‰-he - n°v IpSn-®p. hnhcw kz¥w `mcy-tbm-Sp-t]mepw ]d-™n-√. 1981emWv kw`- h w. Ipd®p Znhkw Ign- b p- t ºmtg°pw At±lw tcmK-_m-[n-X\ - m-bn. a\w]n-c-´¬, O¿±n... hb-sd-cn-®n¬, thZ-\...

F≥tUm- k vtIm- ∏ n- b n¬ At±lw Aƒk¿ _m[n-X-s\∂v sXfn-™p. am{Xa√, At±-l-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ Rm\p-≠v, F®v . ss]tem- d n. DZ- c - Ø n¬ Ccp∂v Aƒk-dp-h-cp-∂Xv I≠v \n¬°p∂ Hcp Iq´n-cn-∏p-Im-c\ - √, AXns‚ ImcWw Xs∂bmWv Rms\∂v AtXmsS sXfn-™p.

B‚n-_-tbm-´n°v Ign-®m¬ tcmKw t`Z-

2016 BKÃv 1

41 41

_mcn am¿j¬

am-Ip-sa∂pw kzbw ]co-£n® tcmKw _mcn kzbw NnIn- ’ n®p am‰p- I bpw sNbvXp. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, ]ncn-ap-dp-°hpw am\knI kΩ¿±-hp-a-√, F®v. ss]temdn F∂ _mŒo-cnbbmb Rm≥ IpS¬`n-Ønbnse hgp-h-gp-∏p≈ Bh-cWw Xn∂p \in-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv Aƒk-dn\p ImcWw. Bh- c Ww \„- s ∏´ `mKØv BknUv IS∂v {hW-am-hp-∂p. em_nse _tbm]vkn sSÃn¬ F®v. ss]tem- d nsb 1982¬ am¿jepw tdm_n\pw Is≠- Ø n. B h¿jw, Cuÿ Ah-[n°v ]q´nb em_v A©v Znhkw Ign-™mWv Xpd-∂X - v. At∏mƒ hf-cm≥ h® amXr-I-I-fn¬ F®v.-ss]tem-dn-bpsS tImf-\n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p∂p. AtX-bv, F\n°v 24 aWn-°q¿ t]mc, Ipd-®-[nIw Znh-k-߃ thWw hf-cm≥!

CsX√mw Ign-™v 1984emWv "Ãm¿' ]{Xw hm¿Ø ]pd-Øp-hn-´X - v. AtXmsS temIw am¿j-en-t\bpw hmd-t\bpw AwKo-Ic - n-®p. _mcn am¿j¬ Kn\n-∏∂n tUmŒ¿ Bb IY tI´nt√? AXmWv imkv{X- I m- c - s ‚, tUmIvSdpsS, A¿∏Ww F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. shdp-sXb-√, 2005¬ tUm.-tdm-_n≥ hmd-t\bpw _mcn-am¿j-en-t\bpw s\mt_¬ ]pckv I mcw tXSnh∂Xv !

At∏m- t gbv ° pw AhcpsS I≠p- ] n- S pØw Aƒk¿ NnIn- ’ sb am‰n-ad- n-®n-cp-∂p.

42

sI ]n F

tcmKw tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[w

a\p-jy¿ ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ ]nSn-s]´v Iq´-tØmsS NsØmSp-ßnb Hcp Ime-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 14˛mw \q‰m-≠nse (650 h¿jw ap≥]v) tπKv alm-am-cn-bn¬ bqtdm-∏nse ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw t]¿ acn-®p-t]m-bn. a\p-jy¿°v tcmKsØ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ am¿Kw H∂p-In¬ HmSn-t∏m-hpI, As√-¶n¬ tcmKn-Isf am‰n-∏m¿∏n°pI, AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ ho´n-\-IØv AS-®p-]q-´n-bn-cp∂p {]m¿∞n-°pI F∂Xp am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, B™-Sn® alm-am-cn-I-fn¬ \n∂v CXp sIms≠m∂pw c£-t\-Sm-\m-bn-√. tcmKw hcp-∂Xv tamiw hmbp sIm≠m-sW∂v hniz-kn® A∂sØ tUmŒ¿am¿ hnNn-{X-amb apJw-aq-Sn-I-fp-ambn Ae™p-\-S-∂p. hkq-cnbpw tImf-d-bp-sams° e£-ßsf sIms∂m-Sp-°n.

Cu temIØv C{Xb[nIw a\p- j y¿ F√m°meØpw D≠m- b n- c pt∂m? Cs√∂mWv DØ-cw. C°gn™ Bbncw h¿jØn¬ 900 h¿j-tØmfw P\-kwJy henb am‰-sam-∂p-an-√msXbmWv XpS¿∂Xv. A∂pw Hcp-]mSp Ip´n-Iƒ P\n-®n-cp-∂p. ]t£, A{X Xs∂ Bfp-Iƒ Hmtcm h¿jhpw

42

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

acn-®n-cp-∂p. Ign™ \qdp h¿j- Ø n¬, {]tXy- I n®pw 50 h¿j- Ø n¬ temI P\- k wJy IpXn- ® pb¿∂p. CXns‚ {][m\ ImcWw ]I¿®- h ym- [ n- I fpw AXp-sIm-≠p≈ acWßfpw hf- s c- b [nIw Ipd™p F∂XmWv.

2016 BKÃv 1

]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥yØnCw•o- j p- I m- c - \ mb FtUz¿Uv sP∂¿ A∂v temI-saºmSpw Ht´sd t]sc sIms∂mSp-°nb hkq-cn°v ^e-{]-Z-amb {]Xn-tcm[ NnIn’ I≠p-]n-Sn®p. ]ip- h ns‚ AIn- S n¬ \n∂v ]I¿∂p-In-´p∂ tKmh-kqcn ]nSns]´ ]m¬°m- c nIƒ°v hkqcn hcp-∂n-s√∂ \nco-£-W-am-bn-cp∂p

43 43

Cu I≠p-]n-Sp-ØØ - n-\m-[m-cw. tPwkv ^n∏v k v F∂ _me-\n¬, tKmh-kq-cn-bn\ns∂-SpØ {Zhw IpØn-sh®v GXm\pw Znh-kØ - n-\Iw a\pjy-h-kqcn IpØn-sh-®-t∏mƒ tcmKw hcp-∂n-s√∂p I≠p.

CXm- b n- c p∂p BZysØ imkv { Xo- b - a mb {]Xn- t cm[ IpØn-sh-∏v.

_mŒo-cn-b-Iƒ t]mep≈ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ BWv ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂s- X∂v Gsd-°mew Bcpw Nn¥n-®n-√. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬, lwK-dn-bnse Hcp tUmŒ¿ Bb C·mkv knΩ¬hokv, {]k-hm-\-¥cw AΩ-am¿ ]\n h∂p acn-°p-∂Xv C√m-Xm-°m≥, {]k-hs- a-Sp-°p∂ tUmŒ¿ AXn\p ap≥]v ssI hrØn-bmbn Igp-In-bm¬ aXn F∂p hmZn-®p. At±lw kz¥w hm¿Un¬ AXp ImWn®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂mA∂sØ tUmŒ¿am¿ AXp tIƒ°m≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√.

tUmŒ¿am¿ ssI Igp-IpI!!!

]Xn-t\gmw \q‰m-≠n¬ B‚Wn eosh≥lq°v F∂ U®pIm-c≥ •m v Dc-®p-c®v Dcp≠ se≥kp-I-fp-≠m-°n. Chsb D]tbm-Kn®v sIm®p ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏p-Iƒ D≠m-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p At±-l-Øns‚ hnt\m-Zw. 1674¬ Hcp XSm-I-Ønse sh≈w ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ shdpw IÆp-sIm≠p ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ sIm®p-Po-hn-Isf At±lw I≠p. C∂p \mw _mŒo-cn-b-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Chsb BZy-ambn Hcp a\pjy≥ ImWp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. ]eXcw _mŒo-cn-bI - sf At±lw tcJs∏-Sp-Øn.

44

{^©v ck-X{¥ imkv{X-⁄-\mb eqbo]m-kvN¿ kq£vaP - o-hn-If- mWv ssh\pw _nbdpw t]mep≈ B¬s°mtlmƒ D≠m-°p∂Xv F∂p Is≠-Øn. ap≥]v ]cs° hnizkn-®Xp t]mse `£y-]-Zm¿∞-ßfpw a‰pw tISm-hp-∂Xv tamiw hmbp aqe-a√ F∂pw hmbp-hnse kq£vaPo-hn-Iƒ Imc-W-amsW∂pw At±lw Xs‚ {]kn-≤-amb ^vfmkvIv ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eqsS sXfn-bn®p. CXp-t]m-ep≈ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmWv ]e tcmK-߃°pw ImcWw F∂v tcmKm-Wp-kn-≤m¥w apt∂m´v sh®Xpw ]mkvN¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. {^m≥knse ]´p hyh-km-bsØ \in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

IpjvTt- cmKw AXn-]p-cm-X\ - a- m-W.v temIw apgph≥ At\-Im-bn-cß - ƒ CXns‚ sISp-Xn-bp-ambn Pohn-®p. tcmKn-Isf kaqlw _ln-jv°c- n-°pIbpw am‰n Xma-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ssZh-tZmjw sIm≠m-sW∂pw ]mc-ºc- y-tcm-Ka- msW-∂p-ap≈ hnizm-kß - f- mWv \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂X - v. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ t\m¿th-bn¬ tcmKw hym]-Ia- m-bn-cp-∂p. tcmKw G‰hpw A[nIw D≠m-

ip≤-amb cq]-Øn¬ hf¿Øm≥ Ign-bW - w. 3.

Cßs\ hf¿Ønb tcmKm-Wp-hns\ tcmK-an-√mØ hy‡n-bn¬ IpØn-sh®m¬ B hy‡n-bn¬ AXv tcmK-ap-≠m°-Ww. 4. Aßns\ tcmK-ap-≠m-°nb hy‡n-bn¬ \n∂v AtX tcmKm-Wphns\ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bW - w. ta¬∏-d™ - h C∂v tIm°ns‚ XØz߃ F∂v Adn-bs- ∏-Sp-∂p.

AS∏v am‰n _mŒo-cnb kq£n-°p∂p {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp∂p

AtX-]Sn _mŒo-cn-bb - psS kq£n-°p∂p km∂n-[y-an√

bn-cp-∂ s_¿K≥ \K-cØ - nse Hcp tUmŒ¿ ˛ sK¿lm¿Uv lm≥k≥ BWv IpjvTw _m[n® tcmKn-bpsS ico-cØ - n¬ ssat{Im-kvt°m-∏n-eqsS \of-ap≈ hSn-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ hkvXp°sf I≠-Xv. AXv _mŒo-cn-bI - ƒ Bbn-cn-°msa∂pw Ah-bmWv tcmK-Øn\p Imc-Ws- a∂pw IpjvTw Hcp ]I¿®-hym[n BsW∂pw At±lw hmZn-®p. ]´p-\q¬ ]pgp-°-fpsS tcmKw Hcp _mŒo-cnb aqe- a m- s W∂pw tcmKw _m[n® ]pgp- ° sf am‰nbm¬ AXns‚ hym]\w XS-bm-sa∂pw NqSm-°p∂p ]mkv ® ¿ Is≠- Ø n.

B{¥mIvkv, t]∏-´n-hn-j_m[ F∂n-hbv°v hocyw \„-s∏-Sp-Ønb AWp°ƒ sIm≠p≈ {]Xn-tcm[ IpØnsh∏v ^e- { ]- Z - a m- s W∂pw At±lw NqSm-°p∂p sXfn-bn-®p.

P¿a≥Im-c\ - mb tdm_¿´v tIm°v BWv tcmKmWp-kn-≤m¥w kwi-b-Øn\v CS-\¬Im-Ø-hn[w sXfn-bn-®X - v. £bw, tImf-d, B{¥mIvkv F∂o tcmKßsfms° _mŒo-cn-b-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw sXfn-bn-®p. Hcp tcmKw C∂ AWp-hn\n∂mWv D≠m-Ip-∂Xv F∂p sXfn-bn-°m≥ Nne \n¿tZi-ßfpw At±lw apt∂m´v sh®p.

1. tcmK-ap≈ F√m-hc- nepw tcmKmWp D≠m-bn-cn-°W - w. 2. tcmKn-bpsS icoc-Øn¬ \ns∂-Sp-°p∂ AWp-hns\ et_m-d´- d- n-bn¬ {]tXyI ]m{X-ßf- n¬

44

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

2016 BKÃv 1

sNdnb apdn-hp-Iƒ ]gp-Øm¬t]mepw AXv ac- W - Ø n- t e°v \bn°p∂ Hcp Ime-ap-≠mbn- c p- ∂ p. tcmKm- W p°sf sIm√p∂ B‚n_-tbm-´n°v Huj-[-ßfmWv CXn\v AdpXn hcp-Øn-b-Xv. BZysØ B‚ n-_-tbm-´n°v Bbn- c p∂p s]\n- k n- e n≥. Ae- I v k m≥U¿ ^vsfan-ßv F∂ Cw•ojv kq£va-Pohn imkv{X⁄≥ apdn-hp-Iƒ ]gp-°p-∂-Xn-s\ms° {][m\ Imc-W-amb Ãss^-tem-tIm-°kv F∂ _mŒo-cnbsb s]{Sn ]m{X-ßf- n¬ hf¿Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p.

^vtfmdnbpw GWÃv sNbn\pw BWv AXv km[n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. H∂mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-ØnIqSp-X¬ ssk\n-Icpw acn-®Xv AWp-_m-[-aqe-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ s]\n-kn-en\ns‚ D]-tbmKw aqew c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp≤amb-t∏m-tg°pw CXv hfsc Ipd®p am{X-am-bn.

Nne Nmb-߃ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xv t]mse Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ°v Cu AWp°sf \in- ∏ n- ° m\pw Ignbpw F∂ Bibw F¿en°v apt∂m- ´ p- s h- ® p. kn^n-enkv tcmKw D≠m-°p∂ _mŒo-cnb- s °- X nsc B¿kv s ^- \ - a o≥ F∂ ]Zm¿∞w ^e-{]-Z-am-sW∂v At±lw Is≠- Ø n. CXns‚ ^e- a mbn k¬h¿km≥ F∂pw ]n∂oSv \ntbm ˛ k¬h¿km≥ F∂pw t]cn¬ CXv hn]Wn-bn-en-d-ßn. Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠v temIsØ G‰hpw hn‰-gn-°p∂ acp∂mbn CXv. tcmKm-Wp-hns\ \in-∏n-°m-\mbn cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX temIØnse BZysØ acp-∂v.

P\¬ Xpd∂p InS-∂Xp sIm≠v Hcp Znhkw Cu ]m{X-ß-fnHcp-Xcw ]q∏¬ _m[n-®p. Cu ]q∏en\p Np‰pw _mŒo- c n- b ߃ \in- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X mbn ^vsfanßv I≠p. s]\n-kn-enbw F∂ t]cp≈ Cu ]q∏¬ _mŒo- c n- b ßsf \in- ∏ n- ° p∂ Hcp ]Zm¿∞w D¬∏mZn-∏n-°p∂p F∂v ^vsfanßv a\- n-em°n. s]\n-ko-en-b-Øn¬ \n∂v a\p-jy\n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp acp∂v D≠m°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ ]ns∂bpw ]Øv h¿jØn¬ A[nIw FSp-Øp. slmhm¿Uv

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n-te°p IS-°p-tºm-tg°pw ]I¿®hym-[n-Iƒ tcmKm-Wp-°-fmWv D≠m-°p-∂-sX∂ Imcy-Ønkwi-ba- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. t]mƒ F¿en°v Hcp _lp-ap-J{- ]-Xn`- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. tcmKm- W p°ƒs°-Xnsc icocw {]Xn-hkvXp-°ƒ (B‚n-t_m-Un-Iƒ) \n¿an-°p∂p F∂v BZy-ambn ]d-™Xv F¿en°v Bbn-cp∂p. tImi- ß sf ]e- X cw Nmbw ]nSn- ∏ n®v \√- X mbn ImWm\pw a\- n-em-°m\pw Ign-bp-sa∂v At±lw ImWn-®p. tcmKm-Wp-hn¬

45 45

46

∏n-®m¬ \ofm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWmw. tcmKw kvs{S]vt‰m-ssa-kn≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. A≥]-XpI≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ct∏mgpw Cu sSÃv D]- Iƒ°p tijw a‰p acp-∂p-Ifpw h∂p. £bw NnIntbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy ’n®p t`Z-am-°m-hp∂ tcmK-ßf- n-sem-∂mbn amdn. ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ t]mepw Hcmƒ°v tcmK-aps≠∂v Is≠-Øn-bm¬ acWw GXm-≠p-d∏m- b n- c p- ∂ p. CØ- c - ° msc {]tXyIw ÿm]n® km\-t‰m-dn-bß - f- n¬ {]th-in-∏n°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ am{X-amWv c£-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. 1943¬ B¬_¿´v jm‰vkv £b-tcm-Km-Wp-hn-s\-Xnsc ^e-{]-Z-amb Imc-Ww. \K-cß - ƒ°v IpSn-sh≈w FØn-®n-cp∂ \Zn-If- n¬ ae-hn-k¿Py-߃ - FØn-t®-cp-∂X - m-bncp∂p {]iv\w. C°mcyw a\- n-em-°n-bt- Xm-sS-bm-W,v aew kwkv°c- n-°m-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw ip≤o-Ic- n® s]mXp-Pe hnX-c-W-hp-sams° h≥ sNe-hnk¿°m-cp-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bX - .v CtXmsS tImfdbpsS tXmXv KWy-ambn Ipd-™p. \n¿P-eo-Ic- W - Ø - n\v emb-\n-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw Xv. tcmKn-bpsS ae-Øn-eqsS ]pdØp IS-°p∂ AWp-hns\ sIm√m≥ B‚n-_t- bm-´n-°p-Iƒ D]AWp Pem-ib - ß - sf aen-\s- ∏SpØpI hgn Bbn- tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ XpS-ßn-bt- XmsS tImfd c-߃°v tcmK-ap-≠m-°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p alm-am-cn°v ac-Wß - ƒ C√m-Xm-bn. c‡m-Wp-°-fn¬ Ahsb ImWmw. {^©p-Im-c- Isf \in-∏n-°p-I-bmWv tcmKw \nb-{¥n-°m-\p≈ \mb Nmƒkv emsh-dm-\mWv CXv am¿Kw. tcmKw h∂-hsc NnIn-’n-°m≥ I≠p- ] n- S n- ® - X v . Chsb c‡tcmKm-Wp-hns\ sIm√p∂ ]e acp-∂pØn¬ FØn-°p-∂Xv At\m-^nIfpw C∂v e`y-am-Wv. ]≠sØ At]eokv C\-Øn¬s∏´ sImXp-Ip£n®v tcmKn-If- psS FÆhpw tcmKw I-fm-Wv. C°mcyw I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv h∂-h-cpsS ac-Whpw hf-sc-b-[nIw {_n´o- j p- I m- c - \ mb sdmWmIpd- s ™- ¶ nepw C∂pw Hmtcm Uvtdm v BWv. h¿jhpw Bdv e£w t]¿ ate-dnb aqew At\m- ^ n- e okv sImXp- I pacn-°p-∂p; {]tXy-In®v B{^n-°b - n¬.

Ign™ c≠p \q‰m-≠n¬ 100 tImSn P\-ßsf (G-Xm≠v C¥ybpsS P\- k w- J y- b psS A{X) sIms∂m-Sp-°nb alm-hn-]-Øm-bncp∂p £b-tcm-Kw. {][m-\-ambpw izmk-tIm-i-ßsf _m[n-®n-cp∂ Cu tcmK-Øns‚ apJy e£Ww icocw saen-b¬, ]\n, Npa, tNmc-Xp-∏F∂n-h-bm-Wv. Cu tcmKw D≠m-°p∂ AWphns\ I^-Øn¬ {]tXy-I-co-Xn-bn¬ Nmbw ]nSn-

Ign™ 200 h¿j- Ø n- \ p- ≈ ntemI-sa-ºmSpw e£ßsf sIms∂m- S p°nb tcmK-amWv tImf-d. ITn-\a- mb hb-dn-f-°hpw ico-c-Ønse Pemwiw Ipd-™n-√m-Xm-hp-∂X - p-amWv e£-Wß - ƒ. tcmK-ap-≠m-°p∂ hn{_ntbm tImfd F∂ _mŒocn-bØ - ns\ tdm_¿´v tIm°v BWv I≠p-]n-Sn-®-

temI-Øn¬ Ct∂-hsc Pohn® a\p-jy-cn]Ip-Xn-tbmfw t]¿ acn-®Xv ate-dnb aqe-am-sWs∂mcp IW-°p-≠v. icn-bmtWm F∂-dn-bn-√. ]t£, at‰Xp ac-W-Im-c-W-tØ-°mfpw F{Xtbm ap∂n-emWv ate-dn-b. a\p-jy≥ D≠mb Imew apX¬ AXp \ap-s°m-∏-ap-≠v. tcmK-ap-≠m-°p∂Xv t{]mt´m-tkmh C\-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp GI-tImi-Po-hn-bm-Wv. ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS t\m°nbm¬ tcmKw _m[n-®-h-cpsS c‡-Øn¬ Nph∂

46

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

2016 BKÃv 1

CXn- s \ms° am‰w hcp-Øn-bXv {]Xn-tcm[ hmIvkn-\p-I-fpsS I≠p-]n-Sp-Øhpw hym]\-hp-am-Wv. C∂v Ip´nIƒ°v hcp∂ ]I¿®hym[n- I - f n¬ an°Xn\pw {]Xn- t cm[acp∂p-Iƒ D≠v. apsº∂-tØ-°mfpw C∂sØ Ip´n-Iƒ°v kwL-S-\-bpsS hen-sbmcp {iaw th≠n-h-∂p.

1977¬ hkqcn temIØp \n∂pw XpS-®p-\o-°- Btcm-Ky-Ic- a- mb PohnXw Dd-∏m-°n-bXv tcmKm-Wps∏-´p. °-tfmSv bp≤w sNbvX B[p-\nI imkv{X-am-Wv. AXn\v cq]w \¬Inb Nn¥m-co-Xn-bm-Wv. ]gb B Zpcn-X-Im-e-Øns‚ A\p-`-h-߃ C√m-Ø-h-tcmSv hmIvkn-\p-Ifpw B‚n-_-tbm-´n°p-Ifpw Hs° tami-am-sW∂pw ]g-b-Im-etØ°p Xncn-®p-t]m-I-W-sa-∂p-sams° ]d™v Nne¿ Ah-cpsS D¬∏-∂-߃ hn¬°m≥ Cd-ßnbn-´p-≠v. Cu X´n-∏p-Imsc Xncn-®-dn-b-W-sa-¶n\mw kb≥kns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw kb≥kns‚ coXnI-fp-sams° ]Tnt® aXn-bm-hq.

At\-Im-bncw Ip´n-Iƒ°v AwK-ssh-Ieyw D≠m-°nb as‰mcp sshdkv tcmK-amb t]mfntbm Ct∏mƒ ]q¿W-ambpw C√m-Xm-°m≥ hen-sbmcp {iaw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. t]mfntbm C√m-sØmcp temIw F∂ kz]v\w ASpØp Xs∂ t\Sm\mhpw F∂v \ap°v {]Xo-£n-°mw.

Ip´n-I-fpsS ac-W-Øns‚ {][m\ Imc-W-ßfm-bn-cp∂p Un^vØo-cn-b, hn√≥Np-a, sS‰-\kv XpS-ßnb tcmK-߃. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n\p ap≥]v, F√m cmPy-ß-fnepw P\n® Ip´n-I-fnA©n-sem∂p apX¬ ]IpXn hsc sNdp-∏Ø - nte acn-®n-cp-∂p. ]e kaq-l-ßfpw Hcp hb p Ign™p am{Xta Ip´n-Iƒ°p t]cn-Sm-dp-≠m-bncp-∂p-≈q. Un^vØo-cn-bbpw a‰pw h∂v F√m Ip´nIfpw acn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw A]q¿h-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

hkqcn F∂ sshdkv t cmKw e£- ß sf sIm∂n-cp∂ ImeØv ioXf amXm-hn-t\mSpw amcnb- Ω - t \mSpw ]cnip≤ \nt°- j ykv ]pWym-f-t\m-Spsams° {]m¿∞n°¬ am{X- a m- b ncp∂p am¿Kw. F∂m¬ hkq- c ns ° - X n s c hmIv k n≥ h∂t∏mƒ ÿnXn amdn.

tcmKw hcm- X n- c n- ° m≥ IpØn-sh∏v FSp-ØmaXn F∂m-bn. F¶nepw temIw apgp-h≥ CXp \S∏m- ° m≥ temIm- t cmKy

47 47

cam-tZhn

an∂p ASp-°f apgp-h≥ \S∂v Ft¥m Xnc-bp-I-bm-Wv. ""F¥m tamtf...'' AΩ tNmZn®p.

Ah-sfm∂pw an≠n-bn-√. ]ns∂ AΩsb hnfn®v ASp°-f-bn¬ Ccp-Øn. ""t\m°-tΩ... ASp°-f-bnse ]m{X-߃ apgp- h ≥ Igp- I n, Cu¿∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ h®n-cn-°p-∂p.'' "" A X n - s \ ¥ m . . . an∂q.'' ""F¥m-sWt∂m?

ASp°f-bn¬ F√m-hcpw Ib-d-Ww. AhnsS \S-°p- Cßs\ Cu¿∏-ap≈ ]m{X- ß - f n- t e- ° t√ ∂Xv Fs¥∂v a\- n-em°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w kq£vam- AΩ C\n `£Ww Wp-°-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w hnf-ºp-I.'' IqSn Adn-bq. _tbm-sI""AsX.'' an-kv{Sn-bn¬ D]-cn-]T - \w \SØnb ca-t®®n ]d-bp-∂Xv ""F∂m tIt´m-fq... tIƒ°q... `£- W - ß ƒ ]mIw sNbvXv ]I¿∂v hbv°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]m{X߃ Cu¿∏-ap-≈X - m-bm¬ CXnkq£v a m- W p- ° ƒ s]cp- I pw.

AXp- s Im≠v `£Ww ]I¿∂- t ijw ]m{X-߃ \∂mbn AS-®p-hb - v°W - w. D]tbm-K-tijw _m°n hcp∂ `£Ww DS≥ Xs∂ {^nUvPn¬ hbv°-Ww. ""Cu¿∏w If-bm≥ XpS-®m¬ t]mtc, tamtf.'' ""XpS-bv°mw. AXv ag-°m-eØ - v Xobn¬, sNdp-Xo-bn¬ s]s´∂v NqSm-°n-sb-Sp-°Ww. ]ns∂ th\- e n¬ F¥p sNømsat∂m? kqcy-s\-t∏mse sNe-hp-Ip-d™Xpw Bbm-k-c-ln-X-hp-amb as‰mcp t]mwhgnbn√-t√m. AXm-b-Xv, ]m{X-߃ \√ shbn-eØv h®v DW-°n-sb-Sp-°W - w. ]nt∂, ASp-°-f-bnse Ãuhv, …m_v,

ASp°-f-bnse Cu¿∏w \ne-\n¿Øq...!

Rßsf kwc-£n-°q..

48

48

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Nncn- ° - ≠ . {^nUvPn- \ - I Øv, \ΩpsS d{^n-Pt- d-‰d- n-\I - Øv Hcp bp≤w Xs∂- b mWv \S- ° p- ∂ - X v . Bcp- t SsXt∂m? kq£v a m- W p- ° - f p- t S- X v . {^nUvPv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ kq£nt°≠ {][m\ Imcyw, `£Ww FSpØv ]pdØv h®v A¥- c o£ Dujvam-hn¬ h∂-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xw Ign-°p-I. cmhnse Xøm- d m°nb `£Ww At∏mgpw Ignbv ° pw D®bv ° pw Ignbv°pw. ]ns∂ cm{Xnbpw Ign-®tijw _m°n h∂Xv {^nUvPn¬ Ib-‰pw. ]mSn√. F¥m-sWt∂m? apdnbpsS Xm]-\n-e-bn¬ Ignbp∂ kq£vam-Wp-°ƒ F√mw {^nUv P n- \ - I Øv Aßs\ FØp-I-bm-bn. {^nUvPn¬ hbv°p∂ `£-W] - Z- m¿Yw \n¿_-‘ambpw AS-®p-h-bv°-Ww. IS-bn¬ \n∂pw sIm≠p-

h-cp∂ ]®-°d- n-Iƒ IgpIn \∂mbn XpS®-tijw {^nUvPn¬ kq£n-°p-I. IgpIp-tºmgpw XpS-bv°p-tºmgpw IoS-\m-in\n-Ifpw kq£vam-Wp-°fpw C√m-sX-bmhp-∂p. ]m{X-߃ XpS®v DW-°n-b-tijw Xs∂ `£-W-ß-ƒ \nd®v {^nUvPnhbv°q. DW-ßnb Ah-ÿb - n¬ _mŒocn-b߃°v hf-cm-\m-hn-√. {^nUvPn-\IØpw _mŒo- c n- b ߃ D≠v . Ch `£W ]Zm¿∞-ß-fn-te°v IS-°m-Xncn- ° m≥ `£- W - ß ƒ AS-®p-Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn°p-I. Id‚p-t]m-bm(Zo¿L-t\-cw) {^nUvPnhbv°p∂ `£-WØ - nkq£vam-Wp-°ƒ hcpw, Dd- ∏ m- W v. Blm- c - ] Zm¿∞- ß ƒ tISm- h p∂Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv.

sj¬^p-Iƒ Ch hrØn-bmbn kq£n°- W w.'' ]ns∂ an∂p ASp- ° - f - b nkq£n-°p∂ `£-W-]-Zm¿∞-ß-fp-sS-bSp-sØ-Øn. ""AtΩ... [m\y-ßfpw [m\y-s∏m-SnIfpw ]b-dp-h¿K-ß-fp-sams° kq£n°p∂ ]m{X- ß ƒ hmbp IS- ° msX AS®p kq£n-°-Ww. A[n-I-\mƒ tISpIq-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ch-sb√mw CS-bv°nsS

shbn-eØv h®v DW-°p-Ibpw thWw.'' AΩ an∂p-hns\ sI´n-∏n-Sn®v HcpΩ sImSp-Øp. At∏mƒ Ahƒ ]d™p: ""Xo¿∂n√. {^nUvPp≈ F√m ho´p-Imcpw Adnbm≥, AXm... B {^nUvPn-s\-°p-dn®p≈ Ipdn-∏p-IqSn hmbn-°W - w.''

AΩ ]d-™p. ""hmbn-°mtem...'' hcq. \ap°pw hmbn-°mw.

2016 BKÃv 1

49 49

tUm.-In-tjm¿Ip-am¿ sI

aÆv F∂Xv I√pw s]mSnbpw am{Xw tN¿∂ Poh-\n-√mØ Hcp hkvXp-h-√. adn®v [mcmfw [mXp°fpw ssPh- h - k vXp- ° fpw hmbphpw sh≈hpw tN¿∂-XmW- X v . Ch- b v ° p- ] pdsa `qan-bnse Pohs\bpw `£y-irw-Je - sbbpw \ne\n¿Øp∂ tImSm-\ptImSn kq£va-Po-hnIfpw IqSn tN¿∂-XmWv aÆv. aÆnse kq£vaPoh n-Isf _mŒo-cn-b, aÆn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ I¿j-Is\ Adn-bmw.

BIv‰nt\mssak-‰kv Iqen-bn-√msX tPmen (Actinomycetes) ]q∏sNøp∂ aÆn-c-sb-°p-dn®v ep-Iƒ, ]mb-ep-Iƒ, tI´n-´p-≠v. F∂n-s´t¥ aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-Isf t{]mt´m- t km- h - I ƒ am{Xw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-√.

(Protozoans), sshd^mdqJv tImtf-Pnse kkykp-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ imkv{X A[ym-]I - \ - mb tUm.- In-tjm¿Ip-am¿ ]d- Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. Hmtcm bp-∂Xv {i≤n-°q. hn`m-K-Øn\pw Ahbp-tS-Xmb {]tXy-IX - Ifpw [¿a-ßfpw D≠v. Hcp{Kmw

aÆn¬ GI-tZiw 10 e£w sXm´v 100 tImSn kq£vaP - o-hn-Isf ImWmw F∂mWv IW°m-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Imem-h-ÿ-bv°-\p-kcn®pw aÆns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ°-\p-kcn®pw Ch-bpsS FÆ-Øn¬ hyXymkw hcmw. aÆns‚ Hcp iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmsg am{Xw `mcw hcp∂ Ch-bpsS tkh-\ß - ƒ ]t£ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.

aÆn¬ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xv

$ aÆnse ssPh-L-S-I-ß-fpw kky-˛P¥p Ah-in-„ß - fpw arX-ic - o-cß - fpw hnL-Sn-∏n®v kky-߃°v e`y-amb aqe-I-ß-fm°n am‰p-∂p.

- - ß aÆnse aqeI nI {I fpsS Nm - ns\ k©m-cØ Xzcn-Xs- ∏SpØm\pt≠m?

50

50

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

$ ssPh-aÆv (humus) cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-\m¬ aÆns‚ ^e`qbn-„X h¿≤n∏n-°p-∂p. $ aÆnse aqe-Iß - f - psS Nm{InI k©mc-Øns\ (Nutrient Cycle) Xzcn-X-s∏-SpØp-∂p. $ A¥-co-£-Ønse ss\{S-P≥ hmXIsØ ÿnXo-I-cn®v kky-߃°p hen-s®-Sp-°m≥ ]‰p∂ cq]-Øn-em-°p∂p.

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kXojv

$ arX- i - c o- c - ß fpw ss\{S- P - \ - S - ß nb ssPh- h - k v X p- ° fpw hnL- S n- ∏ n®v ss\{S-P≥ hmX-IsØ Xncn®v A¥co-£-Øn¬ FØn-°p-∂p. $ tlm¿tam-Wp-Ifpw B‚n-_t- bm-´n-°pI-fp-sams° \n¿an®v kky-h-f¿® Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. $ aÆns‚ cq]-L-S-\, {]tXy-In®v ]ina cq]-s∏-SpØn AXns‚ Pe-kw-`-c-Wtijn Iq´p-∂p. $ aÆnse hnj-h-kvXp-°fpw IoS ˛ If 2016 BKÃv 1

51 51

\min-\n-Ifpw a‰p cmk-h-kvXp-°fpw hnL-Sn-∏n®v hnj-c-ln-X-am-°p-∂p. $ aÆnse lm\n-Ic - ß - f - m-bXpw tcmK-Imcn-I-fp-amb Nne kq£va-Po-hn-Isf ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂p.

aÆnse {][m-\-s∏´ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ 1. _mŒo-cnb (Bacteria) : Ch ]e cq]Øn¬ D≠v . Zfiv , tKmfw, tIma, kv{]nwKv XpS-ßnb BIr-Xn-If - mWv IqSpX- e pw. CXn- \ - \ p- k - c n- ® mWv Ch- b psS t]cpw. Nneh tcmK-Im-cn-I-fm-sW-¶na‰p-≈h D]-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv. \Ω-fp-sSbpw arK-ßf - p-sSbpw A∂-\m-fØ - nepw D]-Imcn-I-fmb Nne C\-߃ Pohn-°p-∂p≠t√m!

2. ]q∏-ep-Iƒ AYhm Ipan-fp-Iƒ (Fungus) : {]Im-i-kw-t«-jW kwhn-[m\-an-√mØ hn`m-K-am-Wn-h. AXn-\mXs∂ ssPh-hk - vXp-°f - psS hnL-S\ - Ø - neq-sS-bmWv Du¿Pw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ch-bpsS CS-bn¬ D]-Im-c-Im-cn-Ifpw tcmK-Im-cn-I-fp-ap-≠v.

3. BIv ‰ n- t \m- s sa- k - ‰ kv (Actinomycetes) : ico-c-L-S\ Dƒs∏sS ]q∏ens‚ Nne kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≈ Hcn\w _mŒo-cn-b-ß-fm-Wn-h. kky-i-coc-Ønse hnL-Sn-°m≥ hfsc {]bm-kap≈ k¶o¿W-LS- \ - b - p≈ enKv\n≥ (Lignin) X∑m-{X-Isf sNdnb LS-I-ß-fmbn hnL- S n- ∏ n- ° m- \ p≈ Ch- b psS Ignhv FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. am{X-a√ C∂v {]Nm-cØ - n-ep≈ B‚n-_t- bm-´nIv acp-∂pI-fmb kvs{S]vt‰m-ssa-kn≥, \ntbm-ssakn≥, Fdn-t{Xm-ssa-kn≥, sS{Sm-ssk-¢n≥ XpS-ßn-bh th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°p-∂Xv Chbn¬ \n∂m-Wv. 4. ]mb-ep-Iƒ (Algae) : ªq˛{Ko≥ C\ßfpw sbt√m˛{Ko≥ C\- ß fpw, tKmƒU≥-˛-{_u¨ C\-ßfp-amWv (blue-green, yellowgreen, golden-green) Ch-

bn¬ {][m-\n-Iƒ. GItIm-iß - f - pw, _lp-tIm-iß-fp-amb ]mb-ep-If - p-≠v.

Chbv ° v F√m- Ø n\pw {]Im-i-kw-t«jW tijn-bp-≠v. Nne-hbv°v (ªq˛{Ko≥ C\w) ss\{S-P≥ ÿnXo-I-cW tijn-bp-ap-≠v. kutcm¿PsØ a‰p kky˛-P-¥p-Pm-e-߃°p≈ `£W-ambn am‰n `£yirwJ-emPm-e-Øn\v XpS-°-an-Sm≥ Chbv°m-hp-∂p. IqSmsX ss\{SPs‚ {Ib-hn-{I-b-Øn-epw.

5. t{]mt´m-tkmh (Protozoa) : ]e _mŒo-cn-b-I-sfbpw Bl- c n- ° m≥ tijn- b p≈ GI- t Im- i - P o- h n- I - f m- W - h .

AXn- \ m¬ Xs∂ Ah aÆnse _mŒo- c n- b - ß - f psS FÆsØ \nb- { ¥n- ° p- ∂ p.

Ch-bn¬ Nen-°m≥ klm-bn°p∂ \of-ta-dnb hmep-If - p-ff

bp•o\ (euglena) t]mep- ≈ - h bpw icocw apgp-h≥ tcmam-hr-X-amb ]mc-aoknbw (paramecium) t]mep≈hbpw ico-c-Øn\v {]tXy-In®v cq]-sam-∂p-an-

Ime≥ am{Xw t]mc kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw thWw ""]Øp-tImSn P\-ap-≠v ]√p t]mbn-s´mcp ho´nsImØn-h® ]mh-t]mse Xnßn-hn-ßn-°n-S-°p∂p''

Ime-an-√. Poh-\p-≈h F√mw acn-°pw. acn®v aÆn¬ ebn-°pw. ih-ic - o-cß - fpw kky- ß - f p- s ams° Po¿Wn- ® mWv aÆn¬ tNcp-∂-Xv. Po¿Wn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kq£vaP - o-hn-If - pw!

C\n, arX-ic - o-cß - ƒ Po¿Wn-°mØ Ime-sØ-°p-dn®v H∂p k¶¬∏n-®p-t\m°q... F‚tΩ! Ime-\n-√mØ ImetØ°mƒ `oI-cw, At√? At∏mƒ {]IrXnsb Cu ImWpw-hn[w \ne-\n¿Øp∂Xv kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw IqSn-bm-Wv. ad∂p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.

alm- I hn Ip©≥ \ºym- c psS "Ime\n√mØ Imew' Xp≈- e n\n∂mWv hcn-Iƒ. ac-W-an-√mØ Imew h∂m¬ Fß-s\-bn-cn°pw F∂v ck-Ic-ambn Ihn k¶¬∏n-°p-∂p. apØ-—s‚ apXp-ap-Øp-—-∑mcpw Ah-cpsS apØ-—∑mcpw Hs° Pohn- ° p∂ Imcyw Ht∂m¿Øp-t\m-°q.

Ihn k¶¬∏n-®-XmWv. ac-W-an-√mØ

52

52

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

Ihn-Xm-]q-cWw _mŒo-cn-b-bpsS temI-ØnDdpºp ssUt\m-k¿! {]ikvX Ihn ]n a[p-kq-Z-\s‚ hcn-Ifm-Wnh. CXn-t\mSv tNcp∂ hcn-Iƒ XpS-°Ø - ntem HSp-°Ø - ntem \nß-fpsS bp‡w-t]mse tN¿Øv ]q¿Øn-bm°n t\m°q.

Ihn Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw cN-\-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I. anI® cN\ {]kn-≤oI-cn-°pw.

Ab-bvt°≠ hnemkw : IhnXm ]qcWw BKÃv 2016, bpdo-°, Nme-∏p-dw, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 673002.

Ah-km\ XobXn BKÃv 30

√mØ Hgp-In-sbm-gpIn \S-°p∂ Ahÿ- b n- e p≈ Aao- _ (amoeba) t]mep≈hbpw D≠v. Ch- b psS hnk¿Py-ß-fn-eqsS aÆnse ss\{S-P≥ h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.

6. sshd-kp-Iƒ (virus) : aÆnse ]e sshdkpw tcmK-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv. Nneh _mŒo-cnb t`mPn-I-fm-Wv. kky ˛ P¥p sshd-kp-Iƒ aÆn-seØp-∂Xv Ah-bpsS Po¿Wn-°p∂ icoc-ßf - n¬ \n∂pw hnk¿Py-ßf - n¬ \n∂pw a‰p amen-\y-ßf - n¬ \n∂p-am-Wv. _mŒo-cnb-ßfpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]e kq£vaP - o-hn2016 BKÃv 1

53 53

I-fp-sSbpw a¿a-Ønse t{Imatkmw (chromosome) LS\ am‰m-\p≈ tijnbpw Chbv°p ]e-Xn-\p-ap-≠v. ta¬ hnh- c n® kq£v a - P o- h n- I ƒ Hmtcm∂pw ]c-kv]c _‘-an-√m-sX-b√ aÆn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. ]c-kv]cw kulm¿Z-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂h D≠v; ]ckv]cw Bl-cn-°mt\m \in-∏n-°mt\m {ian-°p-∂h D≠v; a‰p-≈hsc Xosc Ku\n-°msX kz¥w Imcyw am{Xw t\m°n- t ∏m- I p- ∂ - h - c p- a ps≠∂pw Hm¿°p-I.

C lcn-Ir-jvW≥

""CsX¥m C{X t\m°m≥, Cu sh≈-Øn¬?'' IS¬°-c-bnse- Ø nbt∏mƒ apXssI°pºnfn¬ sh≈-sa-SpØv AXn- t e°v Xs∂ t\m°n\n¬°p- I - b mWv G´≥. sslkv I q- f n- s e- Ø n- b - t ∏mƒ apX¬ G´-\n-Øncn kocn-bk - mWv F∂v tXm∂n-bn-´p≠v DÆn-°p-´\ - v. "" A X n - s e ¥ m G´m?'' ""CXn-tem... CXnHØncn Pohn-I-fp≠v DÆn-°p-´m. kq...-£vaPo-hn-Iƒ!' ""t\m°- s ´... Zm, Rm≥ I≠q'' DÆnCu IS-se-¶nepw kq£va°p-´≥ Xp≈n-®m-Sn. Po-hn-Iƒ hn´p-X-cp-sa∂v "a≠m, kq£va-Po{]Xo-£n-t®m? C√, AhnsS-bp-ap≠v Ah¿. ]e hn-Isf IÆp-sIm≠v `mh-Øn¬. IS-en-se kq£va ]mb-ep-Isf-°p- ImWm≥ ]‰n-√. AXnt\, ssat{Imdn®v Kth-jWw sNbvX lcn-am-a≥ CXm Nne kvtIm∏v thWw. hnti-j-ß-fp-ambn AXn- e qsS t\m°\nß-tfm-sSm∏w Ww. A∏tg ImWq.'' a≠s\∂v hnfn®Xv DÆn-°p-´\v A{X ]nSn-®n-√.

G´\v \s√mcp ]n®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥

ssI \o´n-b-Xm-Wv. At∏m-gmWv ]cn-N-ban-√mØ Hcmƒ ASp-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv I≠-Xv. ""Akv e w km¿...!'' G´s‚ apJw kt¥m-jw-sIm≠p hnS¿∂p.

Hm, At∏mƒ CXmWv I£n. G´s‚ kb≥kv km¿. F∂pw kvIqƒ hn´p h∂m¬ G´≥ hmtXm-cmsX ]d-bm-dp≠v Ct±-l-sØ-∏‰n! ""F¥m Aa¬.. CXv Aa-ens‚ A\nb-\mtWm?'' km¿ DÆn-°p-´s\ tN¿Øp \n¿Øn.

`qan-bn¬ C∂p≈ ssPh-ssh-hn-[yØns‚ samØw t]‰‚pw R߃°m..!

54

54

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

""G´≥ ]d- b zm, Cu IS¬sh- ≈ - Ø n¬ IÆpsIm≠v ImWm≥ ]‰mØ Pohn-If - p-s≠∂v!'' DÆn-°p´≥ kmdns\ t\m°n. ""icn-bm-Wt- √m. Hcp an√oen-‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ Hcp Zie£w hsc kq£va-Po-hnIƒ D≠v. _mŒo-cn-b, ^wKkv, B¬K, t{]mt´m-tkmh, sshdkv XpSßn F√m C\w kq£vaP - o-hn-Ifpw ISen-ep-≠v. ]e-\n-dØ - n¬, ]e hen-∏Ø - n¬.''

G´≥ {i≤n-®n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. DÆn-°p-´\v apgp-hs\m∂pw a\- n-em-bn-√. `qap-JØv Poh≥ D≠m-bn´v GI-tZiw 300 tImSn h¿j-am-bn. AXn-\p-tijw GXm≠v aq∂v tImSn h¿j- t Ømfw ChnsS Cu `qan-bn¬ IS-enepw Ic-bn-epsams° Cu kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ am{Xta D≠m-bn-´p-≈q. Ch-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\a - mWv C∂sØ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw D≠m-hm≥ Imc-Ww.'' ""Ah- c psS GXv {]h¿Ø\w?

Fßs\?'' G´s‚ i–-Øn¬ \nd™ AXn-i-bw. G´\pw A\n-b\pw h∂m-s´. \ap°v ChnsS Ccp∂v kwkm-cn-°mw.

Akvew k¿ aW-en¬ Imep-\o´n Ccp∂p. F∂n´v XpS¿∂p. ""A¥-co-£Ø - nse hmX-IL - S- \ am‰nb-Xn¬ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS ]¶v hfsc hep-Xm-W.v HmIvkn-P≥ F∂ {]mW-hmbp C∂sØ coXn- b n¬ h¿≤n- ® Xpw Hmtkm¨IpS t]mse- b p≈ IhNw krjvSn-°p-∂X - n\pw hnhn[ Pohn-Iƒ DSse-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ch henb kw`m-h-\Iƒ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.''

DÆn-°p-´\v A`n-am\w tXm∂n ""CØncn-°p-™-\m-sW-¶nepw tIa-\m-Wt√m'' F∂v AΩ Xs∂-∏‰n CSbv°v ]d-bm-dp≈Xv Ah-t\m¿Øp. ""k¿, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ Ch-bpsS [¿aw 2016 BKÃv 1

55 55

B¬K-Iƒ

F¥mWv?'' G´≥ hnSp∂ a´n-√. ""_mŒo- c n- b ߃, ^wK- k p- I ƒ F∂nh F√m Bhmk hyh- ÿ - b nsebpw t]mse hnLm-S-It-- Pmen sNøp∂p. k¶o¿W-amb Im¿_-WnI kwbp‡-ßsf hnL-S\w \S-Øn. ]p\-cm-KncWw km[y-am-°p-∂Xv IS¬P-eØ - nepw ASn-Ø-´nepw ImWp∂ Cu kq£vaPohnIƒ BWv. `qcn-`mKw _mŒo-cn-bß-fp-sSbpw Du¿P t{kmX v cmk-kwt«-jW - a - m-Wv. IS-ense t]mj-Iß - f - psS ssPh-`u-a-Nm-{InI hn\n-abw \S-Øp∂Xv Ch-cpsS [¿a-amWv. IS¬Ø-´nse Bg-ta-dnb adn-bm-\m-{S©nepw A‚m¿´n°-bnse AXn-ssiXy sFkvI-´-Iƒ°v ASn-bnepwhsc Pohn-°p∂ Ch-bnNneXv a‰v Pohn-If - psS ico-cØ - n-\I - Øpw a‰p NneXv ]pdØpw Pohn-°m-dp-≠v. ""kq£va B¬K-Iƒ F¥mWv sNøp∂Xv?'' G´\v C\n-bp-sa-s¥m-s°tbm Adn-bm-\p-≠v. ""kq£va B¬K-I-fpsS ssPh-sshhn[yhpw {]h¿Ø\ sshhn-[yhpw hfsc-b-[nIw {]m[m-\y-ap-≈Xm- W v . {]Imi kwt«jWw \S-Øp∂ Chbpw _mŒo-cn-b-ßfpw tN¿∂XmWv `£y-irw-J-e-bnse

BZy-]S- n. `qcn-`mKw B¬KIfpw bqIm-tcym´v BsW¶nepw IS¬P- e - Ø nse kq£va B¬K-If - n¬ hfsc- b - [ nIw t]cpw t{]mImcntbm´v BWv. B¬K-If - n¬ `qcn`m-Khpw {]Imiw FØn-t®cp∂ 200 ao‰¿ XmgvNh - s - c-bmWv km[m-cW - b - mbn ImWpI. Nne B¬K-Iƒ°v P¥p-tIm-iß - f - ptS-Xn\v kam-\a - mb Nne kz`mh hnti-jßfpw ImWpw. DZm-lc - W - Ø - n\v B¬KIƒ km[m-cW - b - mbn kzt]m-jn-Iƒ Bbncn-°Wa-t√m. F∂m¬ Nne B¬K-Iƒ kml-Nc - y-Øn-\\p-kc - n®v ]c-t]m-jn-Itfm D`-bt- ]m-jn-Itfm Bhpw. Np‰p-ap≈ PeØn¬ ssPhnI ]Zm¿∞-߃ IqSptºmƒ Ch ]c-t]m-jn-If - m-hpw. A√mØ

Ønse Ubm‰w FÆsØ Ipd-bv°p-∂Xmbn imkv { Xob ]T- \ - ß ƒ D≠v .

Ubm‰w Ipd-™m¬ aØn Ipd-bpw. am{Xa√ BtKm-f-Xm-]-\hpw aen-\o-I-c-Whpw IS-en¬ hnj-]-Zm¿Y-߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn°m≥ Ign-hp≈ hnhn[ B¬K-I-fpsS hwi- h ¿[- \ - h n\v Imc- W - a m- I pw. Ch a’ykº-Øns\ h√msX _m[n-°pw. `£y-irw-Je - b - n-eqsS ssPh Bh¿≤\w hgn Ch a\p-jy-sc-b-S°w F√m Pohnh¿K-ß-sfbpw _m[n-°pw.'' ""Cu kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ thsd GsX¶nepw Xc-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿°v t\cn´v D]Imcw sNøp-∂pt≠m?'' ""D≠v, Hcp-]mSv D]-Im-c-߃ sNøp∂p-≠v. `£y-]-Zm¿Y-ßfmbpw B‚n-_tbm-´n-°p-Ifmbpw t{]m _tbm-´n-°p-I-

ka-bØv {]Im-ik - w-t«-jWw \S-Øp∂ kzt]mjn-Ifpw IS¬P-eØ - nse ss\{SP≥ aqe-IØ - ns‚ Afhv \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xpw Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øp-∂Xpw ÿnco-Ic - W - t- ijn-bp≈ B¬K-Iƒ BWv. DZm-lc - W - Øn\v ss{St°m-sU-kvanbw. Btcm-Kyap≈ Hcp kaql Bhm-kh - y-hÿ - b - mWv Cu `qanbpsS samØw Btcm-Ky-tØbpw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂X - .v ""AXv Fß-s\-bmWv F∂v hni-Zo-Icn®p Xcmtam Akvew km¿.'' ""Aa-en\v aØnbpw Ab-ebpw Hs° C„-am-W-t√m At√. Ch-bpsS {][m\ `£Ww IS¬ Pe-Ønse kky-π-h-Iß- f mb Ubm‰w hn`m- K - Ø n¬s∏´ kq£va B¬K-Iƒ BWv. BtKm-f-Xm]-\hpw aen-\o-I-c-Wsam∂pw IS¬P-e-

bmbpw ^pUv kπn-sa‚mbpw D]-tbmKn-°m-hp∂ Hcp-]mSv kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw Ah-bpsS D¬∏-∂-ßfpw C∂v hn]-Wnbn-ep-≠v. Hcp-]mSp imkv{X Kth-j-W߃ Cu kq£va-Po-hn-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂p-≠v. Im≥k-dn\pw a‰p amcI tcmK߃s°-Xn-scbpw ^e-{]-Za - mb Huj[w D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v. kq£va-Po-hnI-sf-∏‰n ]d-™m¬ Xocn-√. \√ ag hcp∂p-≠v. _m°n \ap°v ]ns∂ ]d-bmw.'' ""DÆn-°p-´m, \n\-s°-s¥-¶nepw a\ n-emtbm?'' km¿ Ahs\ t\m°n. DÆn°p-´≥ H∂p Nncn®p Xe-bm-´pI am{Xw sNbv X p. F∂n´p a\- n¬ Cßs\ ]d™p: IS¬ Hcp AXn-ibw Xs∂. kq£v a - P o- h n- I ƒ AXp°pw tase... thsd seh-em...''

56

56

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

""c≠p apfw ]q˛ tN®n-s°,''∂m˛ s∏sÆ-t∂m-Smbv ]d-bp-s∂-¶n¬

kn‘p F≥ ]n GIm-¥-X-sbmcp IS-em-sW-¶n¬˛ IS-en¬ \ndsb Ønc-bp-s≠-¶n¬, Rm\m-°-S-en˛ t∂mc-Ømbv Xnc˛ ame-Iƒ t\m°n˛ bncn-∏m-sW-¶n¬, sN∏n¬ \n∂p ]pI-®p-cp-fm-sbmcp `qX-a-gn™p hcp-∂-Xp-t]mse \oe-°-S-en˛ ∂p≈n¬ \ns∂mcp am{¥n-I\ - ß - s\ hc-hm-sb-¶n¬,

B™p-Ip-Xn®p hcp-s∂mcp Xnc-am˛ eI-sf-∏q-hmbv Øo¿°p-s∂-¶n¬, B sh¨]q-hp-I˛ sf√mw I\-hn≥˛ \qen¬t°m¿°m≥ Ign-bp-s∂-¶nB∏q-am-eI - ƒ sIm´-bn-em-°o˛ s´mcp-s]-Æ-Xn-te˛ hchm-sW-¶n¬,

""F¥p kpK‘w ]q°ƒs°''∂p ]d-s™mcp Im‰v ]d-°p-s∂-¶n¬˛ GIm-¥-X-bpsS IS-tem-c-sØmcp shÆ-°-√n≥ sIm´mcw ]Wn˛ Xms°m-´mc s°´n≥ a´p˛ ∏mhn-en-cp∂o-˛ °S-ens\ t\m°n˛ °hn-X-I-fn-ßs\ sbgpXpw Rm≥.

Rm\m aW-tem˛ cØmbv IÆpw X≈n-bn-cn-°q˛ ancn-∏m-sW-¶n¬,

Nn{Xo-Ic - Ww: kNo-{μ≥ Imd-Up° bpdo-°-bn¬ ck-I-c-ambn [mcmfw Ihn-X-Iƒ FgpXn-bn-´p≠v kn‘p-t®-®n.

CØ-hW IS-en-s\-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bXv hmbn-°q.

2016 BKÃv 1

57 57 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

C F≥ joP °p∂ AÆm≥ tNmZn-®p. ""Aø-tøm... At{Xw Db-c-Ønev tIdt≠... Fs‚ sXm∏n t]Sn-°pw...''

Ip™n-s®-°≥ Htcm´w h®p-sIm-SpØp. \oe-sØm∏ow Xteev sh®v Ip™ns®-°s‚ Hcp \S-Øw-≠v. Ipf-°-c-bn-eqsS... sRfn-™-ß-s\.

"Zm, Fs‚ sXm∏n It≠m' F∂ `mhØn¬. ""tlbv... B sXm∏n-sbm∂v Xtczm? h√mØ shbn-ev... Xe thZ-\n-°vWp.'' Ipf- Ø n- t e°v t\m°n- b n- c n- ° p∂ ao≥sImØn s]m∑ tNmZn-®p. ""Aøtø... Fs‚ sXm∏n°v ao≥aWw C„w-√y.'' Ip™n-s®-°≥ Htcm´w h®psIm-Sp-Øp. \oe-sØm∏ow Xteev sh®v Ip™ns®-°\v Hcp \S-Øw-≠v... hoSns‚ ap‰Øq-sS... sRfn-™-ß-s\... "Zm, Fs‚ sXm∏n It≠m' F∂ `mh-Øn¬.

Hcp Im‰v HmSn-h∂ - p. "B sXm∏n-sbm∂v Xtczm'∂v tNmZnt°w IqSn sNøm-sX, Im‰v Ip™n-s®-°s‚ sXm∏ow FSpØv H‰ Hm´w... ]ns∂, H‰-∏-d-°¬...

Ip™n-s®-°≥ Ic-®n-temSv Ic-®n¬...

Ic-®n-en-\n-Sb - nepw Ah≥ Dds° hnfn®p ]d-™p. ""Imt‰... s‚ sXm∏n Xmtbm... s‚ sXm∏n Xmtbm...' ∂v. ]d-°-en-\n-S-bnepw Im‰v hnfn®p ]d™p,

Ip™n- s ®- ° \v AΩ Hcp sXm∏n hmßn-s°m-Sp-Øp. Hcp \oe-sØm-∏n. Ip™n-s®-°-\msW-¶n-tem, B sXm∏n Xe-bn\n∂p am‰n-√. \oe-sØm∏ow Xteev sh®v Ip™n-s®-°s‚ Hcp \S-Øw-≠v. ]mS-hc - º - Ø - q-sS... sRfn-™ß- s \... Zm, Fs‚ sXm∏n It≠m F∂ `mh-Øn¬.. ""t{Imw t{Imw B sXm∏nsbm∂v Xtczm?'' hc-ºns‚ tamfn-encp∂v Xhf tNmZn-®p. "" A ø - t ø m . . . sh≈w \\- ™ mFs‚ sXm∏n°v XWp-°pw.'' Ip™ns®-°≥ Htcm´w h®psIm-Sp-Øp. \oe-sØm∏ow imkv{Xhpw IY-Ifpw Xteev sh®v Ip™nIhn-X-I-fp-ambn joP-t®®n s®- ° s‚ Hcp \Sbpdo-°-bn¬ Fgp-Xp∂ - n-bn-eqcN-\-Isf \n߃°-dn-bm- Øw-≠v... CS-hg a-t√m. CXm... Hcp IY. sS... sRfn- ™ - ß hmbn-°q. s\... "Zm Fs‚ sXm∏n It≠m' F∂ `mhØn¬... ""Nn¬ Nn¬... B sXm∏nsbm∂v Xtczm? sXm∏n-h®v Hcp sk¬^n-sb-Sp-°m-\m...'' Hme-Øe-∏Øv samss_epw ]nSn-®n-cn-

58

58

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

"Zv F\n-°-√m... Zv F\n-°-√m...' ∂v Ip™n-s®-°≥ ]nt∂w Ic-®n-temSv Ic-®n-ev... Ic-™p-I-c™v Ip™n-s®°s‚ hmbnse shs≈ms° h‰n...

AΩ Ip™n-s®-°\v sImtd sh≈w sImSp-Øp. Ip™n-s®-°≥ IpSn-®n-√.

AΩ Ip™n-s®-°\v tNmdp hnf-ºns°m-Sp-Øp.

Ip™n-s®-°≥ D≠n-√.

"Dd-ßnt°m Ip™n-s®°m'∂v AΩ ]d-™n´pw Ip™n-s®-°≥ Dd-ßo-√.

Ah≥ P\- e n¬°qSn tate°pw t\m°n-bn-cp-∂p. Im‰v t]mb hgn-bn-te°v... ""∂mepw s‚ Imt‰...'' Ip™n-s®°≥ ]nt∂w tate°v t\m°n... ]nt∂w ]nt∂w t\m°n... Zm Ahs‚ ]p∂m-c2016 BKÃv 1

59 59

sØm∏n Xteepw sh®v Hcmƒ tamfn-encp∂v Nncn-°p-∂p. ""∂mepw s‚ Aºn- f n- a m- a m... s‚ sXm∏n...''

Ip™n-s®-°≥ ]nt∂w Ic-bm≥ XpSßn. ]nt‰∂v AΩ Ip™n-s®-°\v Hcp sXm∏n sImSp-Øp... Hcp Nph∂ sXm∏n...

Ip™n-s®-°≥ B sXm∏n Xte¬∂v am‰n-√. GXp ka-bhpw AXpw h®-ßs\ \S-°pw... Nph∂ sXm∏ow Xte¬ h®v Ah-s‚-sbmcp \S-Øw-≠v... sRfn-™ß-s\... "s‚ sXm∏n It≠m F∂ `mhØn¬.' F√mcpw Ahs‚ sXm∏nsb t\m°pw. Im‰pw... sImXn-tbm-sS... B¿°mhpw Im‰v C\n Cu sXm∏n sIm≠p-s°m-Sp-°p-I...

sI cm[≥ DΩp-°p-¬kp-hns‚ IønHcp-{K≥ k©n-bp-≠v. Ahƒ ISbn-te°v km[-\-߃ hmßm≥ t]mhp- t ºmƒ sIm≠p- t ]m- h p∂Xv. I≠m¬ Hcp ASn-s]mfn t]gvkm-W-Xv. AXv I≠-t∏mƒ ^mØna ^nZbv°pw Aa¬PnØv F n\pw a‰p Iq´p- I m¿°psa√mw AXp- t ]m- s em- s cÆw thW-sa-∂m-bn. Aßs\- b mWv DΩp°p¬kp- h ns‚ DΩ kvIqfn-seØn AØcw k©n- b p≠m- ° pI Fß- s \sb∂v F√m-h¿°pw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. DΩp- ° p¬kp- h ns‚ ]p∂mc DΩ F¥mWv F¥n-\mWv πmÃnIv Ihdp-Iƒ Xs∂ thW-sa∂v ]d- ™ - s X∂v hmbn°q. ]n Sn F, amXr\n¿_‘w ]nSn-°p-∂Xv. ]Icw CXv t]mtc? XpWn k-anXn F∂n-h-bnk©n. XpWn-k-©n-bpsS Xø¬ Adn- b p- ∂ - h \n¿amWw hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv cpsS klm-b-ØmA[ym-]-I-\mb cm[≥ ama-\m-Wv. \nß-fpsS kvIqfnepw CØcw k©n- I ƒ D≠m-°m≥ {ian°q. ho´n-se-Øp∂ πmÃnIvamen-\yß-fpsS Afhp Ipd-bv°p-∂X - n\v πmÃnIv Ih- d p- I ƒ°p ]Icw

\ap°v XpWn-k©n Hcp ioe-am-°mw. aS°n-bm¬ t]gvkvt]mse D]-tbm-Kn-°mhp∂ k©n- b m- s W- ¶ n¬ ]Whpw samss_¬t^mWpw klnXw sIm≠p-\S-°m\pw kuI-cy-am-Wv. CØcw XpWnk©n \n¿an-°p-∂Xv hfsc Ffp-∏-am-Wv. k©n-bp-≠m-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠Xv Chbm-Wv: 90 x 50 sk.-ao-‰¿ (36 x 20 C©v) Af-hn¬ k©n-bv°p≈ XpWn, 25 x 22 ½ sk.-ao-‰¿ (10 x 9 C©v) Af-hn¬ I´n-bp≈ ]pdw-Xp-Wn, 35 x 7 ½ sk.-ao-‰¿ (14 x 3 C©v) Af-hn¬ k©n-bpsS ssI Xbv°p∂-Xn-\p-≈X - p-Wn, 15 sk‚o-ao-‰¿ \of-Ønkn∫v, 1 ao‰¿ \of-Øn¬ kn∫ns‚ Hcp ]mfn, c≠p dÆ¿.

BZyw Ih¿ XpWn Nn{X-ßf - n¬ ImWn®-Xp-t]mse \mem°n aS°n aqe apdn®p 9" 10" 10"

Nn{Xw 2

Nn{Xw 1

60 60 &-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Nn{Xw 3 Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

aS°n AB bpsS aS-°n\p apI-fn-eqsS Xbv°p-I.-Xp-S¿∂v AB bn¬ \n∂pw 10 sk.ao-‰¿ (4 C©v) AI-e-Øn¬ CD bneqsS aS°n apI-fn-eqsS Xbv°p-I. C\n kn∫p ]nSn-∏n® ]pdw-XpWn Nn{Xw 8¬ ImWn-®pXp-t]mse apIƒ`m-KØp \n∂v GI-tZiw 3 ˛ 3 ½ C©v XmgvØn Ncn-™p-t]m-ImsX Xbv ® p- t N¿°- W w. XpS¿∂v c≠- ‰ hpw BZyw Dƒ`m-Kt- Ø°v aS-°nbpw XpS¿∂v ]pd- t Ø°p aS- ° nbpw EF eqsS Xbv®vtN¿°-Ww (Nn{Xw 9). C\n CD F∂ `mKw A‰-ambn hcp∂ hn[-Øn¬ (Nn{Xw 10) k©n aS°n FXn¿`m-KØv (GH) apIfn-eqsS Xbv°p-I. C\n k©n ]pdw-Xn-cn®n´v ASn-`mKw Xbv®p tN¿°-Ww. BD F∂ `mKØpw EH F∂ `mKØpw

A

Nn{Xw 4

Nn{Xw 5

If-bp-I. XpS¿∂v Nn{Xw 3¬ ImWn-®-Xpt]mse XpWn c≠mbn aS°n AS-bm-fs∏-Sp-Ønb coXn-bn¬ GI-tZiw 6 sk.-aod-d¿ \of-Øn¬ I{Xn-I-sIm≠p sh´p-I. A‰w < amXrIbnepw sh´-Ww. XpWn \nh¿Øn-bm¬ Nn{Xw 4¬ ImWp-∂-Xpt]mse In´pw. apdn-®`- m-KsØ ^vfm∏v c≠p `mK-tØbv°pw D≈n-te°v aS°n AhnsS A

A

C

A

C

D

B

D

4"

B

B

Nn{Xw 6

Nn{Xw 7

kn∫v Xbv®p-tN¿°-Ww. dÆ¿ LSn-∏n®v k∫ns‚ \mep- ` m- K hpw ]pd- Ø p- I qsS Xbv®p-tN¿°mw. Nn{Xw 5¬ ImWn-®-Xpt]mse kn∫ns‚ H‰- ∏ mfn A F∂ ÿeØp \n∂pw XpSßn XpWn- b psS \mep `mK- Ø p- a mbn Xbv ® p- t N¿°p- I .

XpS¿∂v dÆ¿ LSn-∏n®v Ducn-t∏m-hm-Xn-cn°m≥ kn∫ns‚ A‰w Xbv®p-tN¿°-Ww. C\n k©n-bv°p≈ XpWn Nn{X-ØnImWp∂-Xp-t]mse apI-f‰w 1 C©v hoXnbn¬ aS°n Xbv°p-I. XpWn c≠mbn A

C

E

B

D

F

Nn{Xw 9

2016 BKÃv 1

C

E

G

F

H

Nn{Xw 10

61 61

Nn{Xw 8

{XntImW cq]- a p- ≠ m- I p∂ hn[- Ø nXbv°p-I. XpWn-bpsS ]pdw-`mKw t\scbm-°n-bt- ijw DF F∂ `mKØpw BH F∂ `mKØpw apI-fn-eqsS Xbv°p-I. k©nbpsS D≈n¬ {XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ D≈ `mKw ASn-`m-K-tØ°v Xbv®v tN¿°-Ww. C\n ssI ]nSn-∏n-°p-Itb th≠q. H∂v Ht∂-Im¬ C©v hoXn-bp-≠m-Ip∂ hn[Øn¬ ssIbv ° p- ≈ - X pWn A‰w D≈ntem´p aS°n ssI Xbv®v FSp-°p-I. apIfn¬ B\p-]m-Xn-I-amb AI-e-Øn¬ c≠p`m-K-Øp-ambn ssI Xbv®v ]nSn-∏n-°p-∂tXm-Sp-IqSn k©n sdUn. C\n aS°n kn∫v tN¿Øp t\m°q. Hcp t]gvkv t]mse-- X-s∂-bn-t√. ]pdw-Xp-Wn-bpsS ]pdØpw k©n-bpsS FXn¿`m- K Øpw kvIqfn-s‚tbm bpdo° ¢∫n-s‚tbm t]cv kv{Io≥ {]n‚p sNbv X m¬ _lp- t Ia-am-bn.

bpdo° ¢∫p-Iƒ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n®p πmÃn-°v amen-\yØn\vFXnsc Ip™p-߃

"πmÃnIv amen-\y-Øn-s\-Xnsc Ip™p-߃' F∂ ]cn]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-ambn \nc-h[n kvIqfp-I-fn¬ bpdo°m ¢∫p-Iƒ cq]o-Ic - n-®v {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n®n´p≠v. bpdo° ¢∫p-I-fpsS I¨ho-\¿am-cp-sSbpw apJy Npa-X-e-bp≈ A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw t^mt´mbpw hnem-khpw Ipdn∏pw Ab-®p-X-cq.

{]tXyI Ip´Iƒ ÿm]n°pw. πmÃn°v D]-tbmKw Ipdbv°m-\mbn t_m_n c£n-Xm-°tPmk^v ƒ°v t_m[h¬°-cWw \S-Øpw.

Kh.bp ]n kvIqƒ HmS-°-bw, Aco-t°m-Sv, ae-∏pdw πmÃnIv amen-\y-hn-ap‡ HmS-°bw F∂-XmWv apJy-e£ - yw. CXn-\mbn £W°Øv Xøm-dm°n {]tZ-isØ hoSp-If - nFØn-°pw. hn]p-e-amb Imº-bn-\n-\mbn P\-Iob kanXn D≠m-°pw. t_m[- h ¬°cW ¢m pw Ab¬k-`m-X-eØn¬ πmÃnIv kvt\l __nX -tk-hy¿ {^o IΩn-‰nbpw cq]o- I - c n- ° pw.

XpWn-k©n hnX-cWw sNøp-Ibpw hoSpI-fn-ep≈ πmÃnIv Imcn-_m-Kp-Iƒ tiJcn- ° p- I bpw sNøpw. anI® Ab¬k`°pw hoSn\pw Ahm¿Uv \¬Ipw.

apl-ΩZv kn\m≥

Kh. F¬ ]n kvIqƒ thtßm-Sn, ]me-°mSv "_n kvam¿´v bpdo°m ¢∫v' F∂mWv t]cv. ¢m v apdn-bnse πmÃnIv km[-\ß - ƒ, kvIqfnse samØ-Ønep≈ πmÃnIv km[\-߃, Hmtcm Znh-khpw A[n-Ia - mbn ]pdØp-\n∂pw hcp-∂h XpS-ßn-bh - sb-°pdn®v enÃv Xøm-dm°n ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-ambn Gs‰- S p- ° pw. πmÃnIv km[- \ - ß ƒ°v _Z¬ Fs¥-√m-sa∂v Is≠-Øp-Ibpw N¿®-sN-øpIbpw sNøpw. c £ n - X m °ƒ°v t_m[h¬°-c-Whpw πmÃnIv amen-\yFw.sI. aplΩZv {ioteJ jm^n ß-fn-√mØ kvIqƒ F∂ e£yhpw \S-∏m-°pw.

Kh. F¬ ]n kvIqƒ Ipam-c\ - √- q¿, ap°w, tImgn-t°mSv πmÃnIv Ih-dp-Iƒ kvIq-fn¬ FØn°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {ian-°pw. sIm-≠p-h-∂h aS-°n-s°m-≠p-t]m-hpw. kvIq-ƒ Bh-iyØn- t e°v πmÃnIv D]- t bm- K n- ° n- √ . t_mƒs]≥ shbv à v tiJ- c n- ° m≥

bpdo° ¢∫n-s\-°p-dn®pw πmÃn°v amen-\y-Øn-s\-Xnsc-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw IqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ _‘-s∏-Sp-I. tIm Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿, bpdo° ¢∫v, ]cn-jØv `h≥, Nme-∏p-dw, tImgn-t°mSv 673002.

62

62

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

IØp-Iƒ Ab-btv °≠ hnemkw: {]nb-s∏´ bpdot°, bpdo-°, Nme-∏p-dw-, tImgn-t°mSv˛673002.

BcmWv Ah-Imin?

Pqsse 1 e°-Ønse bpdo° F\n°v Hcp-]mSv ]pØ≥ Adn-hp-Iƒ \¬In. AXnsskP Fkv Fgp-Xnb ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿ kmdns‚ `qan- b psS Ah- I m- i nIsf∏‰n- b p≈ ]w‡n Ip´n- I - f p- t Sbpw apXn¿∂- h - c p- t Sbpw a\- n¬ ]cnÿnXnt_m[-Øns‚ Hcp-]nSn hnØp ]mIpI-bm-Wv. a\p-jys‚ sX‰n-≤m-cW `qan-bpsS Ah-Imin Ah-\m-sW-∂m-Wv. Hcn-°-ep-a-√. {]IrXnbn¬ ImWp∂ Ddp- º p- a p- X ¬ B\ hsc- b p≈ F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw `qanbpsS Ah-Im-inI-fm-Wv. a\p-jys‚ {Iqc-X-bm¬ C√m-XmIp-∂Xv `qan-bpsS AhIm-in-If - m-Wv. C\nbpw ]pØ-\d- n-hp-If - p-ambv bpdo° ho≠psaØp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. \Zn Fkv, 6 kn, F Fw bp ]n Fkv Ipam-c-s\-√q¿, ap°w, tImgn-t°m-Sv˛673602

Bh¿Øn-°-cptX Nph-Sp-I-fn¬ CubnsS h∂ Hcp IhnX {ioaXn sI B¿ aoc-bpsS {]ikvX t\mhemb Bcm-®m-cnse Hcp `mKw ]I¿Øn-bXm-sW∂v CS-∏m-eØp \n∂pw A\p{io F∂ Iq´p-Imcn Adn-bn-®n-´p-≠v (I-hn-Xb - psS t]cpw Fgp-Xnb Bfns‚ t]cpw ChnsS tN¿°p-∂n-√).

CØcw Imcy-߃ Hcn-°epw sNøm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v ama≥ F√m Iq´p-Imtcm-Sp-ambn ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. as‰m-cm-fpsS cN\ \ΩpsS t]cn¬ A®-Sn-®p-h-∂-XpsIm≠v F¥v {]tbm-P\w. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-cpsS kz¥-amb cN\-I-fmWv Abbvt°- ≠ - X v. A√msX sNøp- ∂ - X n\v tamjWw F∂t√ ]d-bp-I. Iq´p-Im¿ {i≤n°-tW. C°mcyw Nq≠n-°m-Wn® A\p{io°v amas‚ A`n-\-μ-\-߃.

ag Rm‰p-th-e-s®m-√p-Iƒ

Hcp At]£ F\n°v Gsd C„-s∏´ t\mh-ep-I-fmWv "amf-hn-Ib - psS abn¬∏o-en-Iƒ', "A]p Bdv _n' F∂n-h. AXv Ah-km-\n-®-Xn¬ k¶-Sap-≠v. AXn\n XpS¿∂p-h-cm≥ ama-t\mSv At]-£n-°p-∂p.

Bbnj Ppw\ kn, 6 F, sk‚ v tkhntbgvkv bp ]n kvIqƒ

Aßns\ sNøptam? s]cp-ºm-ºp-I-fpsS ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw s\øv D≠m-°p-∂p-s≠∂v tI´p. AXv icnbmtWm bpdo-t°. hn[p \ºym¿, 3˛mw Xcw, Im™n-c-ßmSv F¬ ]n kvIqƒ˛670142 2016 BKÃv 1

(s]cp- º m- º p- I - f psS ico- c - Ø n\ns∂Sp-°p∂ s\øv Huj-[-Kp-W-ap-≈-XmsW∂v ]≠p-≈-h¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. GXmbmepw Ct∏mƒ Bcpw Aßns\ sNøm-dn√. AXv \nb-a-]-c-ambn Ip‰-I-c-am-Wv).

63 63

Hcp ag-°mew IqSn hs∂-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hc-Zm-\hpw Aar-X{- ]-hm-lh - pamb ag-sbbpw Rm‰p-th-eI - s- fbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v Ab-b° v p-∂p. inJ {]kmZv , 5 F, Xd- ° ¬ hoSv , sNtßm-´q¿ ]n.-H ˛ 676503 (inJ tiJ-cn®v Ab-®p-X-∂Xv 150 ]gs©m-√p-I-fmWv tIt´m. ÿe-]-cn-anXn aqe-amWv AXv bpdo- ° - b n{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-Ø-Xv. F√m Iq´p- I mcpw inJbv ° v Hcp IøSn \¬Ip-at- √m)

ImWs´ ImWs´

Adnbs´ Adnbs´

sskP Fkv Atøm... kmtd...

AsXm∂p ]pd-sØ-Sp-°q-t∂...

ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n-s\-°pdn®v GXm-s≠ms° a\- nem-bn-°m-Wp-a-t√m. CXp IqSn hmbn-®m¬ AXv ImWm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-am-hn-√.

A[ym-]n-Ib - mb sskP-t®®n CØ-hW AXmWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

v q... ∂ H ∂v v° d o b ®t ¬^ p h o S sj -SpØ Ø d . . . ´n t d-s p o ® n-X ] . . S s]mS q . . . . d t k m m∂p - b v ° sX p - h A XpS-®

64

64

&-3 :-7-32 :-()3 &03+

Ip´n-I-fpsS imkv{X ssZzhm-cnI

kmtd... So®-td... Rßfpw B A¤p-XtemIw AXneqsSsbm∂v Adn-b-s´...

Zm RßsS A—-\p-atΩw Hs° h∂n-´p-≠v. CXp-hsc Ah-scm∂pw CXn-\p-≈n-eqsS H∂pw t\m°n-°-≠n-´n-√-t{X...

lmmmbv kt¥mjw hncp-∂p-ht- ∂...

Rß-fpsS kvIqfnse ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏n\v kzmX{¥yw e`n-t®...

Cu `mKØv Fgp-Xn-t\m-°q...

\nßfpw ssat{Im-kvtIm-∏neqsS kq£vaP - o-hn-If- psS A¤p-Xt- emIw ASp-Ød- n-bq. ssat{Im-kvtIm∏v ImWm≥ c£n-Xm-°sf kvIqfn-te°v £Wn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp IØv Fgp-Xq.

2016 BKÃv 1

65 65

kq£va-Po-hn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ {]tXyI ]Xn∏v Iq´p-Im¿°v C„-amtbm? A`n-{]mb-ßfpw \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Ab-bv°m≥ ad°-cp-Xv... Ign™ h¿jw {]Im-i-∏-Xn-∏neqsS \nc-h[n t]¿ bpdo-°-bpsS ÿncw hcn-°m-cmbn h∂n-´p-≠v. CØhWbpw [mcmfw Iq´p-Imsc {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. Cu h¿jsØ hn⁄m-t\m-’-h-߃ bpdo°sb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bm-Wv. bpdo-°-bpsS Hcp tIm∏n°v 12 cq]bmWv hne. amk-Øn¬ 2 tIm∏n-Iƒ. Hcp

h¿j-tØbv°v bpdo° \nß-fpsS ho´n-seØm≥ 250 cq] aXn. hcn-kw-Jybpw hnemkhpw imkv{X-km-ln-Xy- ]-cn-j-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø- I sc G¬∏n- ° mw. As√- ¶ namt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, bpdo-°, tImgn-t°m-Sv, 673002 F∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ aWn Hm¿U¿/ Un Un FSpØv Ab-b° v p-I. s\‰v _m¶nßv aptJ-\b - m-sW-¶n¬ I\-dm-_m¶v (Nm-e∏ - pdw imJ) SB A/c No.1144101026964 te°v ]Ww AS-bv°-Ww. IFSC No. CNRB0001144. bpdo° Ab®p Int´≠ hnemkw ksspmagazine@gmail.com F∂ hnem- k Øn¬ C˛sa-bn¬ sNøp-I. c£n-Xm-hns‚ t]cpƒs∏sS ]q¿W X]m¬ hnemkw thWw. t^m¨ \º-dpw \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃°v CtXm-sSm-∏-ap≈ t^m¨ \º-dp-I-fn¬ hnfn-°q... kvt\l-tØmsS, sI hnP-b≥ amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿,

_‘-s∏-tS≠ t^m¨ \º-dp-Iƒ $ Imk¿tImSv:sI.sI.cmL-h≥ ........ 9447472929 $ IÆq¿: sI _me-Ir-jvW≥....... 9496168346 $ hb-\mSv: tZhky Fw Un ........... 9400877126 $ tImgn-t°mSv: ]n iin-[-c≥ ....... 9744210992 $ ae-∏pdw: thWp ]meq¿ ............ 9447108099 $ ]me-°mSv: ANyp-X≥Ip´n .......... 9745513272 $ Xr»q¿: hnizw-`-c≥ .................... 9447615330 $ Fd-Wm-Ipfw: am¿´n≥ Fw.B¿ ........ 9446339747 $ CSp°n: tkma-Zmkv F F≥ ...... 9961741354 $ tIm´bw: hn F≥ aWn-b∏≥ ..... 9496349931 $ Be-∏pg: ]n hn tPmk^v .......... 9495543157 $ ]Ø-\w-Xn´: hn.F≥.A\n¬ .... 9447388984 $ sIm√w: kp\n¬Ip-am¿ ............ 8547365974 $ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw: cmPnXv ........... 9809999033

t^m¨ : 9400 583 200

kq£vaP - o-hn-∏X - n-∏ns‚ Nn{XoI-cWw \-Ønb Nn{X-Im-c∑ - m¿ Bscm-s°-sbt∂m?

CXm B ama-∑m¿ sh¶n

sI kXojv

66

cmPohv F≥ Sn kNo-{μ≥ Imd-Up°

Volume 38 No. 5 Eureka 2016 August 1, 68 Pages Printed and Published by. P Muraleedharan, Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 2. on behalf of Kerala Sastra Sahithya Parishad Printed at: Geethanjali Web Offset, Kundayithode, Kolathara P.O, Calicut. and Published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Phone : 0495-2701919. Editor: C M Muraleedharan. Approved by CSIR for Financial Support.

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