thWw as‰mcp tIcfw Imsºbv≥ ssI]p-kvXIw ˛ I
tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
-2-
thWw as‰mcp tIcfw Bap-Jw imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øns‚ BZysØ Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew hnIk-\-hp-ambn t\cn´v _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfm∂pw Gs‰-Sp-Øn´n-s√∂p ImWmw. imkv { X hn⁄m\ {]Nm- c - W - Ø n\pw imkv { X- t _m[w hf¿Øp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-ep-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v Du∂¬. imkv{X-Øns‚ hf¿® D¬]m-Z\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xpw imkv{X kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS {]tbmKw kaq-l-Ønse F√mh¿°pw Htc t]mse KpWw sNøp-∂n-√ F∂ Xncn®-dn-hpw DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ ]cn-j-Øns\ \n¿_-‘n-®p. imkv{X kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS {]tbmKw Gsdt∏sc tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°p-∂-Xn\v ImcWw \oXn-]q¿∆-a-√mØ kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv. imkv{X-tØbpw imkv{Xt_m-[-tØbpw kmam\y P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ahsc hna¿i\m-fl-I-X-bpsS Bbp-[-a-Wn-bn-°m\pw AXp-hgn \oXn-]q¿∆-a-√mØ kaqlsØ am‰n adn-°p-∂-Xn¬ icn-bmb Zni-bn¬ CS-s]Sm\pw Ign-bp-sa∂ [mc-W-bn-te°v ]cn-jØv hf-cp-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. imkv{X-Øns‚ kaql _‘-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu ho£Whpw AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmb imkv{Xw kmaqly hnπ-h-Øn\v F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iyhpw ka-{K-amb hnIk\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v ]cn-j-Øns\ XpS¿∂p \bn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. imkv{X kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS t\´-߃ B¿°mWv e`n-°p-∂Xv? hnI-k\w B¿°p th≠n? XpS-ßnb hna¿i-\m-flI At\z-j-W-ß-fptSbpw {Kma imkv{X kan-Xn-Iƒ XpSßn km£-c-X, hntI-{µo-Ir-Xmkq-{XWw hsc-bp≈ \n¿Ωm-Wm-fl-I-amb At\z-j-W-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcpa-bn-eq-sS-bmWv ]cn-j-Øns‚ hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv cq]-s∏´v hnI-kn-®Xv. hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bp≈ hf¿®-bpsS XpS¿®bmbmWv "thWw as‰mcp tIcfw' F∂ hn]peamb Iymsº-bv\n-te°v \mw FØnt®¿∂n-´p-≈-Xv. kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw CS-I-e¿∂ Cu hf¿®-bpsS ]S-hp-Isf H∂p Xncn™p t\m°p-∂Xv Znim-t_m[w h¿[n-∏n-°pw. -3-
kaq-l-Øn¬ imkv{X-t_m[w hf¿Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ P\-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ imkv{X-Øns‚ CS-s]-S¬ h¿[n∏nt® ]‰q F∂- X m- b n- c p∂p ]cn- j - Ø ns‚ BZy {]h¿ØI Iymºns‚ Hcp \nK-a\w (]o®n 1975). C°mcyw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ thZn-I-fm-bmWv {Kma-im-kv{X-k-anXn F∂ Bibw Db¿∂p -h-∂-Xv. 1975¬ Bcw-`n® kan-Xn-Iƒ 1979 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw 800 Hmf-am-bn. {Kma-im-kv{X-k-an-Xn-Iƒ {Kma-X-e- B-kq-{X-W-k-an-Xn-I-fmbn amd-Wsa∂pw {Kma-Xe DXv]m-Z-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Ahbv°v CS-s]-Sm-\m-hW-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. D¬]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂p \nc-h[n I¿j-I-scbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfbpw BI¿jn-°m≥ Ign-s™¶nepw kan-Xn-Iƒ ]n∂oSv ]cn-jØv bqWn-‰p-Iƒ Bbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p. {Kma-im-kv{X-k-an-Xn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-tØm-sS-bmWv hnI-k\w F¥v? F∂ N¿® Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ hnI-k-\-sa-∂m¬ kmº-ØnI hf¿® am{X-a-s√∂pw kº-Øns‚ icn-bmb hnX-c-Whpw hnI-kn-Xm-hÿ-bpsS XpS¿\n-e-\n¬]pw D¬]m-Z-\-Øn-se Bkq{Xn-X-kz-`m-hhpw P\]-¶m-fn-Ø-hp-sams° AXns‚ A\n-hmcy LS-I-ß-fp-am-sW∂ \nK-a-\Ønepw \mw FØn-t®¿∂p. CtXmsS AXp-hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]e hnI-k-\-k-¶¬]-ß-sfbpw hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw Ah XncpØp-∂-Xn-ep≈ t_m[-h¬°-c-W-Ønepw ]cn-jØv CS-s]-´p. CtXmsSm∏w Xs∂ ]pXn-sbmcp hnI-k\ ]mX Is≠-Øp∂Xn\p≈ At\zj-Whpw ]cn-jØv Bcw-`n-®p. 1976-˛¬ "tIc-f-Øns‚ kºØv' F∂ {KŸw Aß-s\-bmWv cq]s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu {KŸw aptºm-´p-sh® a\pjy tI{µnX kao-]-\hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb {]iv\-hn-i-I-e-\hpw hn`-h-hn-\n-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ bp‡-amb \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw B¿°pw Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ hsø-∂m-bn. ]cnjØv tIc-f-k-aq-l-Øn-\p-ap-ºn¬ ka¿∏n® BZy hnI-k\ ]cn-t{]£y-am-bn-cp∂p "tIc-f-Øns‚ kº-Øv.'' \ΩpsS hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ am‰p-c-bv°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ambn 1977-˛78 ImesØ "sske‚ v hmen hnhmZw' hf¿∂p. h\ kwc-£W {]iv\-am-bn-´mWv "sske‚ v hmen' Db¿∂p h∂-sX-¶nepw ]cn-ÿnXn kw_-‘n® Kuch-am¿∂ N¿®-I-fn-te°pw Du¿÷-cw-KsØ _Z-epIsf°pdn-®p≈ At\zjWØnte°pw am{X-a√ ka-{K-amb hnI-k\ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hym]-I-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-te°p hsc "sske‚ v hmen' ]cn-j-Øn-t\bpw tIc-f-tØbpw \bn-®p. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ka{K kao-]\w hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xnepw Cu -hn-hmZw \ap°v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°n. ]n∂oSv 1988˛¬ F´mw-]-≤Xn N¿®-s°m-cm-apJw F∂ {KŸw Cu ]cn-t{]-£ysØ H∂p IqSn aq¿Ø-am-°n. hnI-k\ cwKØv DNn-X-amb _Z-ep-Iƒ \n¿tZ-in-°pI F∂ IS-abmWv Kth-jW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]cn-j-Øns\ \n¿_-4-
‘n-®-Xv. 1983¬ sa®-s∏´ hnd-I-Sp-∏p-Iƒ cq]-I¬]\ sNbvX-Xp- apX¬ CXp-hsc ]cn-jØv sNbvXXpw IRTC hgn \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xpamb F√m ]≤-Xn-Ifpw CØ-c-Øn¬ Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw _Z¬ hnIk-\-am-Xr-I-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-am-Wv. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ap≥ D]m-[n-bmbn P\-]-¶m-fn-ØsØ \mw ImWp∂p. 82˛83 ¬ \S-Ønb {Kma-im-kv{X-Pm-Y-bn-eqsS Cu ImgvN-]mSv \mw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. hnI-k\w P\-Io-b-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ A[n-Im-chn-tI-{µo-I-cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂p IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ t_m[y-s∏-´ph-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1989se hnI-k\ PmYIƒ ]cn-jØv Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw hn]p-e-amb P\-k-º¿° ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {Kma-hn-I-k\ {]iv\-߃ apJy-hn-j-b-am-bp≈ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, {Kma-]m¿e-sa‚p-Iƒ F∂nh hnI-k\ PmY-bpsS kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv. 1989¬ Fd-Wm-Ipfw km£-cXm ]cn-]m-Sn-tbmsS {Kma-Xe {]h¿Ø\-߃ k¶p-Nn-Xa-amb I£ncmjv{So-b-Øn-\-Xo-X-ambn hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂Xnse ]pØ≥ km[y-X-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Cu km[yXIsf-°qSn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn {]mtZ-in-Im-kq-{X-W-Øn\v Hcp {]mtbm-KnI amXrI cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂ {]iv\hpw tN¿∂-t∏m-gmWv ]©m-bØv hn`h`q]S-]-≤-Xn°v XpS-°-am-Ip-∂-Xv. hnI-k\ PmY-bpsS A\p-_-‘-ambn ae∏pdw Pn√-bnse hmg-bq¿ ]©m-b-Øn¬ \S∂ Pe-t{km-X- p-I-fpsS `q]-S-Øn¬ \n∂mWp ]©m-bØv hn`h `q]Sw F∂ Bibw Dcp-Øncn-™-Xv. CESS, `qhn-\n-tbmK t_m¿Uv F∂n-h-bnse hnZ-Kv[-cp-ambn tN¿∂p cq]w sImSpØ ]©m-bØv hn`h `q]Sw C∂p AJn-te-¥ymXew hsc {]k-‡-amb Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn hnI-kn-®p-I-gn-™p. XpS¿∂p Ieym-t»cn hnI-k\ Bkq-{XW ]cn-]m-Sn, P\-Io-bm-kq{XWw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øns‚ {Inbm-fl-I-amb CS- s ]- S - e p- I fpw Bbn- c - ° - W - ° n\p {]h¿Ø- I - c psS Bflm¿Y- a mb {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. 2004 se "tIc-f-]-T\w', "tIc-f-hn-I-k\w B¿°p-th≠n' Imº-bn≥, Iøq-cn¬ h®p \S∂ ]cn-j-Øns‚ kwÿm\ hm¿jnIw AwKo-I-cn® DXv]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTnX hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv, tIc-fsØ Adn-bp-I, tIcfsØ am‰pI F∂ ]T\ ]cn-]mSn XpS¿∂v \S∂ Xriq¿ hm¿jn-IØns‚ "]pXn-sbmcp tIc-f-Øn-\mbn t]mcm-SpI' F∂ ktΩ-f\ {]Jym]\w ASpØ h¿jsØ `qan s]mXp kzØv Iymº-bn≥ XpS-ßn-bh hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ XpS¿®bpw ka-{K-hp-amb hf¿®bmbn-cp-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w Ign™ 3˛4 ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ]cn-ÿn-Xn, hnZym-`ymkw, BtcmKyw P‚¿, Du¿Pw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \nc-¥-c-ambn ]cn-jØv \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn\p aq¿®bpw Bghpw {]k‡nbpw h¿[n-∏n-°p∂h-bmWv. C{Xbpw kqNn-∏n-®Xv ]cn-jØv Ign™ \mep-]-Xn-‰m-≠mbn sNbvXp -5-
hcp∂ hnI-k\ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fpsS XpS¿®bpw hnIm-khpw hy‡-am-°m\mWv. C∂p tIcfw t\cn-Sp∂ {]iv\-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw ]pXn-sbmcp tIcfw sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-hm\pw imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv Bflm¿Y-ambn B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb kmwKXyw hni-Z-am-°m-\m-Wv. Xncn™v t\m°p-∂Xv apt∂m´p t]m°n\v Du¿Phpw KXn-th-Khpw Iq´m-\m-Wv. ]n∂n-´-Xn-t\-°mƒ Zp¿LSw ]nSn® hgn-I-fmWv \S∂p I-bdm-\p-≈-Xv. \mfsØ tIc-f-sØ-°p-dn®v P\-Io-b-sa∂v ]d-bm-\m-ImØ Hcp A`n{]mb ka-hmbw cq]-s∏´p hcp-∂p-≠v. Cu kahmbw Db¿∂ hf¿®m\n-c-°nepw ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-ß-fpsS {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ hf¿®-bnepw a‰pw IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. sF Sn, _n Sn, F≥ Sn t]mep≈ AXym[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fnepw {]hmkn \nt£-]-ß-fnepw Cu kao]\w Aan-X-ambn Du∂p∂p. tIc-f-Øns‚ a\p-jy-ti-jnsb BtKmf sXmgn¬ hn]-Wn-bn-te°v XpS¿®-bmbn Ib‰nbb®v c£-s∏-Sm-sa∂v IcpXp-∂p. kwL-SnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v sa\-s°-SmsX hy‡n-]-c-ambn c£s∏-Sm-sa∂ taml-Nn¥ hf-cp-∂p. s]s´∂v em`w krjvSn-°m-\p≈ hgnIƒ tXSp-∂-h-cpsS FÆw s]cp-Ip-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS taep≈ IS-∂m{I-a-W-߃ s]cp-Ip-∂p. kmwkv°m-cn-I-amb thcp-Iƒ Zp¿_-e-am-Ip-∂p. ae-bmfw A]-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-s√∂v hcp-∂p. Ak-aXzw s]cpIp-tºmgpw AXn\v Imc-W-amb em`m-[n-jvTnX kaq-l-Øns‚ bp‡ntbm-Sp≈ BZ-chv IqSn hcp-∂p. Zqc-°mgvN Ipd-bp∂, taml-Nn¥ s]cp-Ip∂, kmaqlyamb ip`m]vXn hnizmkw Ipd-bp∂ imkv{X-t_m-[hpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw sh√p-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp∂ Hcp ImeØv "thWw as‰mcp tIcfw' "as‰mcp tIc-f-Øn-\mbn t]mcm-SpI' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Ffp-∏-a√ F∂-dn™p sIm≠p Xs∂ \ap°v ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. icn-bpsS i_vZ-߃ XpS-°-Øn¬ F{X t\¿Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂mepw Ah Cu´w IqSn I\-Ø-Xmbn XocpI Xs∂ sNøpw. a\pjy`mhn-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw ˛ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ip`m]vXn hnizmkw AXmWv \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. `qan s]mXpkzØv F∂ ap{Zmhm-Iy-Øn\v hgnsb e`n® Db¿∂ kzoIm-cyX {it≤-b-am-Wv. c≠p h¿jw \o≠p \n¬°p∂ sshhn-[y-]q¿Whpw hn]p-e-hp-amb Cu Iymº-bn≥ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v henb Af-hn-ep≈ P\-Iob Iq´mbva-Iƒ krjvSn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. kmaq-ly-˛-cm-jv{So-b-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI kwLS-\-I-fpsS ]n¥pW B¿Pn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w AºXmw hm¿jnI-Øn-te°v IS-°p∂ ]cn-jØv kwL-S-\sb KW-Ønepw KpW-Ønepw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hc-h-k-c-am-bn-°qSn Cu Iymsº-bns\ \mw ImtW≠-Xp-≠v. ************* -6-
H
cp cmPy-Øns‚ D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\-hn‚bpw hcp-am\ h¿≤-\hn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ BWv B cmPyw hnI-kn®v sIm≠n-cn-°pI-bmtWm, apc-Sn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bmtWm F∂v kmº-ØnI hnZKv[¿ s]mXpsh hne-bn-cp-Øp-I. B \ne°v t\m°p-tºmƒ tIcfw i‡ambn hnI-kn®v sIm≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv. 10.5% \nc-°n¬ tIcfw hnI-kn®v sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. samØw kºØv D¬]m-Z-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw hntZ-iØv \n∂v tIc-f-Øn-te°v hcp∂ ]W-Øns‚ Af-hns‚ ImcyØn-em-bmepw \Ωƒ hf-cp-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønepw [mcmfw iXtImSoiz-c-∑m¿ D≠v F∂mWv ]{X-ß-fneqsSbpw a‰pw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. ]s£ Cu kºØv D¬]m-Z-\-Øn¬ 12% am{X-amWv Irjn, h\w, a’yw, J\\w F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ]mY-anI taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h\. hyh-km-bw, Du¿Pw, sI´n-S-\n¿ΩmWw F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ZznXob taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h\ 21.71% amWv. _m°n-h-cp∂ 66.28% KXm-K-Xw, hym]m-cw, dnbse-tÃ-‰v, _m¶v, C≥jqd≥kv XpS-ßnb tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂v BWv. CXn¬ {]mY-anI taJ-e-bpsS hf¿®m \nc°v icm-icn 1% BWv. Cu Hcp iX-am-\-Øn¬ J\\ D¬]m-Z\w am{XamWv {][m-\-ambpw hf-cp-∂-Xv. Cu taJ-e-bpsS am{Xw h¿Zv[-\hv 15% hcpw. CtX-t]mse tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ hnI-k\ \nc°v G‰hpw Db¿∂v \n¬°p-∂-Xv KXm-K-Xw, IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥, dnb¬ Fkvt‰‰v, _m¶v F∂o taJ-eIfn¬ BWv. icm-icn 20% \nc-°n¬ CXv h¿≤n-°p-∂p-≠v. C∏-d-™sXms° HutZym- K nI IW- ° p- I fmWv . CtXm- s Sm∏w Hcp kam¥ckºZv hyh-ÿbpw i‡-ambn \ΩpsS \m´n¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≠v F∂v Gh¿°pw Adn-bmw. 50,000 tImSn cq]-tbmfw hntZ-iØv \n∂pw \ΩpsS \m´nte°v F√m-h¿jhpw FØn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßns\ BsI t\m°n-bm¬ Hcp kº-∂-X-bpsS sImgp∏v Fhn-sSbpw Zriy-amWv. Db¿∂v hcp∂ henb sI´n-S-߃, tjm∏nMv amfp-Iƒ, tdmUp-Iƒ \n›eam°p∂ coXn-bn¬ hnhn[ hen-∏-Øn-ep≈ Imdp-I-fpsS FÆs∏-cp-∏w, sIm´mc kam-\-amb hoSp-Iƒ, IpSn®v kpJn-°p-∂-Xn-\v {Kma˛ \Kc t`Z-at\y Ãm¿ tlm´-ep-Iƒ, kº-∂¿°v th≠n-bp≈ Ãm¿ kvIqfp-Iƒ, Ãm¿ tImtf-Pp-Iƒ, Ãm¿ tlmkv]n-‰-ep-Iƒ, I¨sh≥j≥ sk‚-dp-Iƒ, F¥pw hmßp∂ D]-t`mK{`m¥v ]nSn® Hcp Iq´w P\߃. ]s£ CXns‚ samØw Ah- I m- i n- I ƒ 50 iX- a m- \ ta hcq F∂mWv tIcf ]T-\-Øn-eqsS \Ωƒ Is≠-Øn-bXv. AXm-bXv Ct∏mƒ \ΩpsS \m´n¬ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn°p∂ hnI-k-\-Øn\v Nne ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Ds≠-∂¿∞w. -7-
1. hnI- k \w D¬]m- Z - \ m- [ n- j v T n- X - a - √ . I¿jnI taJ- e - b p- s Sbpw hymhkmbnI taJ-e-bp-sSbpw hf¿®m \nc°v \ma-am-{X-am-Wv. J\\w, dnb¬ FtÃ-‰v, KXm-K-Xw, hm¿Øm-hn-\n-abw F∂o cwK-ßfn¬ BWv IqSp-Xembn hf¿®m \nc°v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. CXv \ΩpsS kpÿnc hnI-k-\-Øn\v KpW-I-c-am-In-√. 2. i‡-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ kam-¥c kº-Zh v y-hÿ Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ am^nbm h¬°-cW - h - pw, {Inan-\e - n-khpw hf¿Øp-∂p. AXm-bXv kaq-lØn¬ D≠m-hp∂ an® ]Ww Nm\-ssekv sNbvXv t]mIp-∂Xv s]´∂v ]Ww D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ dnb-se-tÉv taJ-eb - n-te-°m-W.v 3. `cW IqS-Øn\v C∂ taJ-e-bn¬ D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv D≠m-IWw F∂ \btam, Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬ \nb-{¥W-߃ thWw F∂ \n_‘-\tbm \n¿_-‘tam C√m-ØXp aqew Xmc-X-tay\ em` kmlN-cy-ap-ff tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ \nt£]w h¿≤n-°p-∂p. 4. CXv aqew hnZym-`ym-kw, BtcmKyw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-Iƒ \nt£] kulrZ taJ-e-I-fmbn I®-h-S-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 5. tIc-f-Øn¬ C∂v ]m¿∏n-Shpw Hcp \nt£] taJ-e-bmbn sIm≠ncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. `qan hmßn ]n∂oSv hn‰v em`w D≠m°mw F∂ t]mse Xs∂. hoSpw hn¬°m≥ th≠n hmßn-Iq´p-∂p. 6. D¬]m-Z\ D]m-[n-Iƒ Hs∂m-∂mbn Dul I®-hS D]m-[n-Iƒ B°p∂p. CXp-aqew ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® 50% t]¿ Zmcn-{Z-Øn¬ \n∂v Zmcn-{ZyØn-te°v Iq∏v IpØp∂p. Ah¿°v hoSv, hnZym-`ym-kw, BtcmKyw F∂nh FØn-∏n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bmØXmbn amdp-∂p. tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Ct∏mƒ i‡n-s∏-´p-h-cp∂ Hcp [mc-W-bp≠v. k¿hokv hyh-km-b-߃, sFSn, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn, \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-fPn XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ Du∂p-Ibpw {]hmkn \nt£]-ß-sf ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ X{¥-amWv CXn\Snÿm\w. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-i‡n hnIm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-¬ A`n{]mb `n∂-X-bp≠v. BtKmf-sXm-gn¬ hn]-Wnsb e£y-am°n a\p-jyi‡n hnImkw \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw Ahsc km[y-amb CS-ß-fn-te°v F√m-h-scbpw Ib‰n Ab-bv°-W-sa∂pw Hcp Iq´¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. adp hn`mKw AXns\ FXn¿°p-∂n-√. tIc-f-Øn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°v sXmgn¬ `{Z-Xbpw t£ahpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-W-sa-∂mWv Ah-cpsS hmZw. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb t£a]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Ah¿ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂p. Cu hmZ-߃°v Xmsg ]dbp∂ ]cn-an-Xn-Ifp≠v.
]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ 1.
sXmgn¬ `{ZX C√m-Xm-Ipw. Imjy-sse-tk-j\pw hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-8-
2.
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5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
ep≈ tNhpIv (sIz-t´-j≥) ]Wn-Ifpw h¿[n-°pw. Z√mƒ tPmen-IfpsS am\yX h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw. Iqe-nthe hym]-I-am-Ipw. am\y-amb hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p∂ hn`m-Kßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Iqen-∏-Wn-°m-cm-Ipw. sXmgn¬ \nb-a߃ {ItaW A{]k‡-am-Ipw. Pohn-X-Øns‚ A\n-›n-Xm-hÿ h¿[n-°pw. AXv G‰hpw Ipd™ Ime-b-f-hn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈-{]-hWX i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øpw. {Inan-\¬ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v B°w Iq´pw. kwL- S nX {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ°p ]Icw hy‡n- K - X - { ]- h ¿Ø- \ ߃°p Xm¬]cyw h¿[n-°pw. hy‡n-KXamb InS-a-’-c-ßfpw ]It]m-°-ep-Ifpw hym]-I-am-Ipw. \K-c-h¬°-cWw i‡n-s∏-Spw. \K-c-ßfpw {Kma-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw h¿[n-°pw. Bt]-£nI Zcn-{Z-h¬°-cWw h¿[n-°pw. [\n-Icpw Zcn-{Zcpw XΩnep≈ A¥-chpw h¿[n-°pw. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI XI¿® h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw. ]mgv\n-e-ßfpw ]mgvhkvXp-°fpw Ipan-™p-Iq-Spw. kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ Bk‡n \nanØw ]mgvs®-e-hp-Ifpw h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw. ae-bmfn kwkvImcw XI-cpw. Hcn-SØpw thcp-I-fn-√mØ k¶c (ssl-{_nUv) kwkvImcw hf¿∂p-h-cpw. am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb tcmKm-Xp-cX h≥tXm-Xn¬ h¿[n-°pw.
Cu ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf√mw Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ {]I-S-am-Wv. AXns‚ ^eambn D≠m- I p∂ kwL¿j- ß ƒ hnI- k - \ sØ \ntj- [ m- fl - I - a mbn _m[n-°pw. CXp-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip∂ apc-Sn∏pw XI¿®bpw XS-bpI icn-bmb Znibn-ep≈ hnI-k-\-Øn\v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. icn-bmb Zni-bn-ep≈ hnI-k\w F∂m¬ F¥mWv? hf¿®m-\n-c-°p-I-fnepw ]›m-Ø-e-ku-I-cy-ß-fn-ep-w am{X-ap≈ hnIk\w bYm¿∞ hnI-k-\-a√. hf¿®m-\n-c-°p-Iƒ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-io¿j-h-cp-am-\sØ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bmWv IW-°p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv. ]›mØe kuI-cy-߃ {]Xn-io¿j-h-cp-am-\-Øns‚ hf¿® Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ Du¿Pw, KXm-K-Xw, hn`-h-k-am-l-cWw XpS-ßn-b cq]-ß-fpsS hnIm-kam-Wv. CXp c≠nepw kaq-l-`n-∂-X-Ifpw kaq-l-\oXn-bpsS {]iv\-ßfpw, hn`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw A[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw taep≈ kmaq-lym-h-Im-ißfpw IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂n-√. Ch IW-°n-se-SpØp sIm≠p≈ hnI-9-
k-\-Øn\p am{Xta ta¬ kqNn-∏n® ]cn-an-Xn-Isf adn-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bq. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hnI-k\w kmaq-ly-amWv: hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw tIm¿]-td‰v {Kq∏p-I-fp-sSbpw hf¿®sb-°mƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ ka-{K-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. D¬]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-X-amWv: em`m-[n-jvTn-X-amb hcp-am-\-sØ-°mƒ a\p-jy-cpsS A[zm\ i‡n-bpsS hnIm-k-Ønepw AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ hyXykvX D¬]m-Z\ taJ-e-I-fpsS hf¿®-bnepw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. \oXn- b n- e - [ n- j v T n- X - a mWv : [\n- I - c psS \°m- ∏ n® hgn- b m- b p≈ "t£a'tØ°mƒ, kmaq-ly-kw-L¿j-ß-fnepw AXp-h-gn-bp-≠m-Ip∂ Ah-Im-i-t_m-[-Ønepw \oXn k¶¬]-ß-fnepw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. k¥p-en-X-amWv: a\p-jycpw {]Ir-Xnbpw XΩnepw a\p-jycpw a\pjycpw XΩn-ep-ap≈ k¥p-en-X-amb _‘-ß-fn¬ Du∂p-Ibpw AXn\mbn D¬]m-Z-\-Ønepw D]-t`m-K-Ønepw Bh-iy-amb {Iao-I-c-W-߃ G¿s]-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu hnI-k-\-X-{¥hpw \ne-hn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnI-k-\-coXnbpw XΩn-ep≈ kmay-ßfpw `n∂-X-Ifpw Xmsg ]d-bp-∂p. $ ta¬ ]d™ kao-]\w \ne-hn-ep≈ hnI-k-\-X-{¥sØ ]msS A´na-dn-°p∂ Imev]-\n-I-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-b-√. \ne-hn-ep≈ kaq-l-Øn-\p≈n¬\n∂p Xs∂ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Znim-am‰w km[y-am-sW∂p IcpXp-∂p. $ em`m-[n-jvTn-X-amb kao-]\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew kmaqly-kw-L¿j-߃ A\n-hm-cy-amb H∂m-sW∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. [\n-Icpw Zcn- { Zcpw XΩn- e pw A[o- i ‡nIfpw ]pdw- ¥ - ≈ - s ∏- ´ - h cpw XΩnepap≈ kwL¿j-߃ \ne-\n¬°pw. Cu kwL¿j-ß-fpsS A¥co-£-amWv ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® kao-]\w km[y-am-°p-∂-Xv. $ \nt£-]-Øn-s‚bpw ]W-Øn-s‚bpw km[y-X-sb-°mƒ a\p-jy-i‡n- b psS hnIm- k - Ø ns‚ km[y- X - I ƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip- ∂ p. \nt£-]hpw ]Whpw a\p-jym-[zm-\-Øns‚ D¬]-∂-ß-fm-sW∂v hmZn-°p-∂p. $ hcp-am-\-Zm-b-I-amb sXmgn-en-ep≈ tIh-e-amb Du∂¬ em`m-[n-jvTnX-hy-h-ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ ASn-b-dhp]d-®n-em-sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. hcp-am\-tØm-sSm∏w Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kmaq-ly-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw \oXn-t_m-[hpw h¿[n-°p∂ sXmgn¬L-S-\-bmWv Bh-iyw. $ k¥p-en-Xamb hf¿® ka-{K-amb kmaq-lym-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ ^eam-sW∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. Bkq-{X-W-sa-∂m¬ em`m-[n-jvTnX hyh-ÿbpsS hnIm-k-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS krjvSn-bm-sW∂ C∂sØ k¶¬]w \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. - 10 -
$
tÉns‚ I¿Øhyw kwL¿j- ß sf ASn- ® - a ¿Øepw "t£a'Øns‚ hnX-c-W-hpa-√, \oXnbp‡hpw k¥p-en-X-hp-amb kaqlw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ coXn-bn¬ D¬]m-Z\ D]-t`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ CS-s]-S-em-sW∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. C∂sØ tI{µ˛kwÿm\ Kh-s◊-≠p-Iƒ°pw Xt±-iob `c-WIq-S-߃°pw \oXn-\ym-b-hy-h-ÿ°pw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ A[o-iXzw t\Snb em`m-[n-jvTnX hyh-ÿsb tNmZyw sNøm-\m-hn-√. ImX-emb Xe- ß - f n- s e√mw Ah- c psS hnt[- b Xzw hy‡am- W v . P\m- [ n- ] Xy k¶¬]-sa-∂Xv kz¥w Xm¬]-cy-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ambn am‰m\mWv [\n-I-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ \o°w. AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn P\m-[n-]-Xy-hyhÿsb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw AXns‚ kmaq-ly-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw Zcn-{Z-]-£Øp \n¬°p-∂-h¿ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-sa-∂m¬ as‰m-c¿Y-hp-a-≠v. hnt[-b-∑m-cp-sSbpw `‡cp-sSbpw A©p-sIm√w IqSp-tºmƒ cq]w sIm≈p∂ ""thm´v _ m¶v ''Ifp- s Sbpw kwL- a √ P\m- [ n- ] - X yw. C∂p- \ - S - ° p∂ k¶o¿W-amb kmaq-ly-cm-jv{Sob am‰-߃ ]q¿W-ambn Dƒs°m≠v, k¿Km-fl-I-ambpw {Inbm-fl-I-ambpw {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp P\-X-bpsS s]mXp afi-e-amWv P\m-[n-]-Xyw. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb hnh-c-ßfpw, ⁄m\-cq-]-ßfpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw Ah¿°v e`y-am-°-Ww. a\pjym-[zm\ i‡n-bpsS imkv{Xo-bhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hp-amb hf¿®bpw P\m- [ n- ] - X y- Ø ns‚ hnIm- k hpw XΩn¬ t\cn- ´ p- _ - ‘ - a p- ≠ v. imkv{Xhn-cp≤ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-w aX-Øn-s‚bpw PmXn-bp-sSbpw t]cn¬ P\-ßsf `n∂n-∏n-°p∂ i‡n-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ ka-chpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ hnIm-khpw XΩnepw _‘-ap-≠v. a\pjy-cpsS A[zm-\-i-‡n-tbm-sSm∏w tNmZyw sNøm\pw {]Xn-I-cn-°m\p- a p≈ Ignhpw hf¿ØpI F∂Xv ssPh- a mb P\m- [ n- ] - X y- { ]- { Inbsb hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-am-Wv. "knhn¬ kapl' {]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-b√ P\m-[n-]Xy {]{Inbbpw A[zm-\-i-‡n-bpsS hnIm-khpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. knhn¬ kaq-lØns‚ Acm-jv{So-b-h¬°-cWw C∂sØ {][m\ sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wv. knhn¬ kaqlw Acm-jv{So-b-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´p F∂m¬ AXns‚ A¿Yw P\-߃ [\n-I-h¿K-Øns‚ IpXn-c-I-b-d-ep-Iƒ°pw `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ \nb-a-]-c-amb a¿Z-\-cq-]-߃°pw ]q¿W-ambn hnt[-b-cm-IpI F∂mWv. hnI-k-\-Øn\v cmjv{Sobw Bh-iy-am-Wv. cmjv{Sobw kmaq-ly-]-cnh¿Ø\ {]{In-b-bpsS ImX-em-Wv. ta¬kq-N-\-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ D¬]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-Xhpw k¥pen-Xhpw \oXn-bp-‡hpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hp-amb kmaq-ly-]-cn-h¿Ø-\amWv hnI-k-\-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-I. AXv IW-°p- 11 -
I-fpsS Ifntbm hcp-am-\-Zm-b-I-amb sXmgn-ep-I-fp-sSbpw D]-t`m-K-kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw tIh-e-amb hf¿®tbm A√. Ch-sb√mw kmaq-ly]-cn-h¿Ø\ {]{In-b-bpsS ^e-ambn krjvSn-°-s∏-´m¬ B¿°pw ]cn-`hhpw D≠m-I-bn-√. Cu s]mXp Znim-\n¿Wbw Nne {]tXy-I- ta-J-e-Isf Fßs\ _m[n-°p-sa∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
I Im¿jnI D¬]m-Z-\hpw `q˛-hn-`hhn\ntbm-Khpw \ΩpsS `£yhnf-Iƒ ]msS XI¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. \mWy-hn-f-I-fmWv Im¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z-\sØ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Ah hntZ-i-am¿°-‰ns‚ KXnhn-K-Xn-I-f-\p-k-cn-®mWv ]nSn-®p-\n¬°pI F∂v Ipcp-ap-f-In-s‚bpw a‰pw A\p-`hw sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Cu am‰-߃ `qhn-`-h-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øns‚ kz`mh-sØbpw am‰n-Nn-¥n-°p-∂p. \K-c-h¬°-cWw hym]n-°p-Ibpw `qan {Ibhn-{I-b-h-kvXp-hmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ip∂p-Iƒ, Pem-i-b߃, hb-ep-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw `qam-^n-b-I-fpsS B{I-a-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂p. Xoc-{]-tZ-ihpw apX-em-fn-am-cp-sSbpw Icm-dp-Im-cp-sSbpw ]nSn-bn-e-a-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ]n¥p-W-bn-√msX a’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-IfpsS PohnXw ZpjvI-c-am-Ip-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Fs¥m-s°-bmImw _Z¬ \n¿t±i߃ 1. tIc-f-Øns‚ ]cn-ÿnXn XI¿®sb {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hn`h-ß-fp-sSbpw ]m¿]n-S-hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw k¥p-en-Xm-hÿ Dd-∏ph-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ka-{K-amb ÿe-Pe Bkq-{X-W-cq-]-߃ N¿®sNbvXv cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ `q˛-hn-`-h-hn-\n-tbmK-\n-baw sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-I. hy‡-amb \K-cm-kq-{XW \nba-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I. 2. `q˛-hn-`-h-L-S-\-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ imkv{Xo-b-amb hnh-c-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v \mWy-hn-f-I-fp-sSbpw `£y-hn-f-I-fp-sSbpw hyh-kmb tkh\ taJe-Iƒ°pw KXm-K-X-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb `qan-I-fp-sSbpw tXmXp \nPs∏-Sp-ØpI. AØcw `qan-I-fpsS ]cn-h¿Ø\w \ntcm-[n-°p-I. 3. imkv{Xo-b-amb hnh-c-߃°-\p-k-cn®v tIc-f-Øn¬ km[y-am-bXpw Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ hym]-I-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb \mWy-hn-fIƒ°pw `£y-hn-f-Iƒ°pw ap≥K-W\ \¬IpI; ]c-º-cm-KX Irjnco-Xn-Iƒ imkv{Xo-b-ambn sa®-s∏-SpØn D]-tbm-Kn-°pI; k¥p-enXm-h-ÿsb XIn-Sw-a-dn-°p-∂Xpw P\-Po-hn-XsØ A]m-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xp-amb cmk-h-f-߃, IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, If-˛-Ip-anƒ\m-in-\n-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh \ntcm-[n-°pI; ]pXnb hnØn-\-ß-sfbpw kky-P-\p p-I-sfbpw k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿsb XI¿°mØ hn[-Øn¬ hn\ykn-°p-I. - 12 -
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`q tI{µo-I-c-Ww, Icm¿Irjn apX-em-b-h-bvs°-Xn-cmbn i‡-amb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-Ibpw F√m ]m¿∏n-S-c-ln-X¿°pw ]m¿]n-Shpw IrjnsN-øm≥ Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ `qc-ln-X¿°v Bh-iy-amb `qanbpw e`n°p-sa∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I. `qan-bpsS A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb hne-°-b-‰hpw ]m¿∏n-S-hyq-l-ß-fp-sS Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb hf¿®bpw XS-bp-I. `£y-hn-f-I-fnse ]cm-[o-\X Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cnI. \mWy-hn-f-Ifn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am-\sØ `£y-hn-f-I-fpsS Bh-iy-hp-ambn s]mcpØ-s∏-SpØn Im¿jnI cwKØv kzbw]cym-]vXX ssIh-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-I. Im¿jnI kwkvI-c-W˛ `£y-kw-kvI-cW hyh-km-b-ßsf Im¿jnI-˛-`£y taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ sXmgn¬ tk\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI. Ah-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ hcp-am\w hgn {KmaoW hnIk-\-Øns‚ ]pXnb amXr-I-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-I. Xoc-{]-tZ-isØ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿˛ _m¶¿ tem_nbn¬ \n∂v tamNn-∏n-°p-I, Ah¿°m-h-iy-amb hn`-h-ß-fpsS ]p\¿P\-\hpw D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS hn]-W-\hpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ imkv{Xobhpw kzbw-˛-k-lm-b-]-c-hp-amb cq]-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I. h\-hn-`-h-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am-°nb sXmgn¬˛ D¬]m-Z\ cq]-߃ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. AX-n\m-h-iy-amb hn[-Øn¬ h\-ß-fpsS ]p\¿P\-\hpw amt\-Pvsa‚pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI. D¬]m-Z\ cq]-߃ hf¿Øns°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v BZn-hmknIfpsS {Inbm-ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ i‡ns∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Iq´mbva t_m[sØ k¿Km-fl-I-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w {]mtZ-inI Im¿jn-I-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS ]p\¿\n¿am-W-Øn\p klm-bn-°p∂ sXmgn¬ kwL-߃ cq]o-Icn-°p-I. Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ krjvSn-]-c-amb a’cw t{]m’m-ln-∏n°p-I. Ab¬°q-´-ßsf sXmgn¬ kwL-ß-fm-°p-I.
II hyh-km-b-ßfpw \K-c-h¬°-c-Whpw C∂sØ Ahÿ: \K-c-߃ s]cp-Ip-Ibpw \K-c-h¬°-cWw apdpIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \K-c-h¬°-c-W-Øn-\m-[m-c-amb hyh-km-b-h¬°cWw \S-°p-∂p. sI´n-S-\n¿am-W-hpw, dnb¬ FtÉpw D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp°fpw kmwkvIm-cnI hyh-km-bhpw tN¿∂mWv \K-c-ß-sfbpw tIc-fØnse hyh-km-b-h¬°-c-W-sØbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Sqdn-k-amWv as‰m-cp-hy-h-km-bw. CXns‚ ^e-ambn hyh-km-b-c-ln-Xhpw sXmgn¬ cln-X-hp-amb t]mÃv tamtU¨ \K-c-h¬°-cWw kw`-hn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv . ssk_¿ ]m¿°p- I ƒ, "sSIv t \m- f Pn']m¿°p- I ƒ XpS- ß n- b h - 13 -
hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂-tXmsS tIc-f-Ønse hyh-km-b-h¬°-c-W-Ønse am‰w ]q¿Øn- b m- I p- ∂ p. sNdp- I nb D¬]m- Z \ taJ- e - b n¬ Bt]- £ nI kzmX{¥yw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw as‰√m taJ-e-I-fnepw BtKm-f-h¬°-cW- Ø n\v hnt[- b - c m- I p- I bpw sNøp∂ hyh- k m- b - h ¬°- c - W - a mWv Ct∏mƒ \S- ° p- ∂ - X v . IqSmsX AXn- h n- ] p- e - a mb Z√mƒ˛ IΩo- j ≥ GP‚ v kwkvIm-chpw i‡-am-Wv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn\v Hcp hymh-km-bnI \bw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. AXv Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \n¿t±i-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-IWw. 1.
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\nt£-]m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√, tIc-f-Ønepw kao-]-{]-tZ-i-Øp-ap≈ hn`h-߃, ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-߃, sXmgn¬ i‡n F∂n-h-bpsS e`y-X-sbbpw hn]-W\ km[y-X-I-sfbpw B{i-bn-®p≈ D¬]m-Z\m-[n-jvTn-X-amb hyh-km-b-\n¿tZ-i-ß-fmWv Db¿∂p-h-tc-≠-Xv. Im¿jn-I˛ kwkvIcW `£y-kw-kvI-cW hyh-km-b-߃, kapt{Zm¬]-∂-߃, h\-hn-`-h-߃ XpS-ßn-bhsb tI{µo-I-cn-®p≈ hyh-km-b-߃, eLp-b-{¥-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv D]-I-c-W߃, lm¿Uvthdpw tkm^v‰vthdpw, hml-\-b-{¥-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ XpSßn-b-hbv°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v Xs∂-bp≈ hnZKv[ sXmgn¬ tk\-bpsS Iq´mbva kwcw-`-߃°v ap≥K-W-\-bpw Kh-s◊‚ v ]n¥p-Wbpw \¬I-Ww. Ah¿°v {]tXyI hyh-km-b-ta-J-e-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xpw ]cn-KWn-°mw. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw {]hm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kwcw-`-I-cn-√m-ØXpw tIc-f-Øn\p kth-ti-j-Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈-Xp-amb taJ-e-I-fn¬ am{Xambn hntZi kwcw-`-Isc ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. sFSn Iº-\n-I-fn¬ Hu´vtkm-gvknßv t{]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ°p ]Icw {]mtZ-inI hyh-kmb kmwkvIm-cnI kwcw-`-ßfpw s]mXp kzImcy-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. `qansb s]mXp-hn-`-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I. dnb¬ FtÉv GP≥knI-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w ]q¿W-ambn \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw hyh-km-b˛ D¬]m-Z-\-kw-cw-`-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.
III ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-߃ C∂sØ Ahÿ: G‰hpw hym]-I-amb tdmUv KXm-K-X-ku-I-cyß-fp≈ kwÿm-\-amWv tIc-fw. sdbn¬ KXmKXw C\nbpw sa®-s∏tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Km¿lnI D]-t`m-K-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb Du¿Pw tIcf-Øn-ep-s≠-¶nepw hyh-km-b-h¬°-cWw sa®-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. - 14 -
]pXnb hyh-km-b-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xn-sebpw Du¿P D]-t`mKw Ipd-hm-b-XpsIm≠v Du¿P cwKØv k¥p-en-Xm-hÿ ssIh-cn-°m≥ {]bm-k-an-√. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ 1. h≥ sslth-I-fpsS \n¿amWw \ne-hn-ep≈ tI{µ˛tÉv sslthIƒ°p-am-{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. Ah-bpsS `mhn-hn-I-k-\-πm≥ Ct∏mƒXs∂ Xøm-dm-°pI. Bh-iy-amb ÿew AIz-b¿ sNøpI. P\-km-{µ-amb {]tZ-i-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ tdmUv hnI-k\w {]mtbmKn-I-amb _p≤-ap-´p-I-fp-≠m-°p-∂XpsIm≠v Ah Hgn-hm-°-Ww. a‰p {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ A¿l-amb ÿehpw sXmgn¬ kuI-cy-ßfpw \¬In ÿew \jvS-s∏-´-hsc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-∏n-°-Ww. AXn\v ap≥Iq´n Xocpam-\n-°-s∏-´, kpXm-cy-amb am\-Z-fi-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww. 2. \ne-hn-ep≈ tdmUp-I-fpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb \ho-I-c-W-Øn\v ap≥KW\ \¬I- W w. Bh- i y- a mb ÿe- ß - f n¬ ta¬]m- X - I fpw k_vthIfpw \n¿an-°-Ww. tIc-f-Ønse F√m {Kma-ßfpw \K-cßfpw sNdp-tdmUv irwJ-e-I-fm¬ _‘n-∏n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Pe-K-XmKX kuI-cy-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww. 3. hyh-kmb irwJ-e-I-fpsS ÿm]-\-Øn\pw \ne-hn-ep≈ tdmUp-IfpsS \ho-I-c-W-amWv th≠-Xv. vGsXmcp hyh-kmb ]m¿°n\pw Hcp {]tXyI tdmUv F∂ \ne-]mSv Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-Wv. 4. \ne-hn-ep≈ Pe-t{km-X- p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v an\n ssat{Im-P-e-sshZyp- X - ] - ≤ - X n- I ƒ°v ap≥K- W \ \¬I- W w. tkmfm¿]m- \ - e p- I ƒ, Im‰m-Sn-b-{¥-߃, _tbm-Kym-kn¬ \n∂p sshZypXn apX-emb am¿Kßfpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Km¿lnI D]-t`mKw _Z¬ sshZypXn cq]- ß - f n- e qsS {Iao- I - c n- ° p- I bpw hyh- k m- b - ß ƒ°m- h - i y- a mb sshZypXn h≥\n-e-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂p \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn hf¿∂p-h-c-Ww. 5. sshZypXn D]-t`mKw Bkq-{Xn-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]mgvs®-e-hp-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambn \nb-{¥n-°-Ww. Ieym-W-߃, ]m¿´n-Iƒ, BtLm-j߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-b°v s]mXp sshZyp-Xn- D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv I¿i\-ambn \nb-{¥n-°-Ww. 6. sdbn¬th kuI-cy-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ kΩ¿Zw sNep-Ø-Ww. Pn√m-Xeÿm\-ßsf XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p∂ ]mk-©¿ s{Sbn-\pIƒ hym]-I-am-°-Ww. 7. IÆq-c-S-°-ap≈ \nc-h-[n-bn-S-ß-fn¬ hnam-\-Øm-h-f-߃ h∂p-I-gn™p. C\n ]›n- L - ´ - { ]- t Z- i - ß - f nepw hnam- \ - Ø m- h - f - Ø n- \ p≈ kΩ¿Zw Db¿∂p- h - c mw. C\n tIc- f - Ø n\v hnam- \ - Ø m- h - f - ß ƒ thWtam F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. - 15 -
IV tkh\ taJe C∂sØ Ahÿ: tkh-\-ta-Je GXm≠v ]q¿W-ambpw hmWn-Pyh¬°-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse sXmgn¬i-‡n-bpsS G‰hpw henb `mKw tkh\ taJ-e-bn-emWv. AXp-sIm≠v hmWn-Py-h¬°-cWhpw em`m- [ n- j v T n- X - h y- h - ÿ - t bm- S p≈ hnt[- b - X zhpw as‰- h nsSsØ°mfpw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xpw tkh-\-ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv. hcp-am-\-Zm-bI-amb sXmgn-ep-Iƒ, D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-cw, em`m-[n-jvTn-X-hy-h-ÿ-tbmSp≈ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Zmkyw XpS-ßn-b-hbpw tkh-\-ta-J-e-bn¬ kv]jvS-am-Wv.
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\n¿t±-i-߃ Zcn-{Z-]-£-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Ønepw Ah-Im-i-ß-fnepw ASnbpd®p \n∂v {]{In-bm-[n-jvTn-Xhpw km¿h-P\o-\hpw (Holistic) kmaq-ly\o-Xn-bn-e-Sn-bp-d-®-Xp-amb kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-khpw kmaq-ly-ssh-ZKv[y-Ønt‚bpw ssh⁄m-\nI \ne-hm-c-Øn-s‚bpw D¬]m-Z-\-Øneq-∂p∂ D∂X hnZym-`ym-khpw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-I. AXn-\-\p-cq-]-amb k¿Km-fl-Ihpw hna¿i-\m-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb t_m[\-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-cq-]-߃ \S-∏n-em-°p-I. ka-{K-amb P\-Io-bm-tcm-Ky-\bw Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-Ibpw P\-X-bpsS apgp-h\pw Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ hn[-Øn¬ BtcmKy-tk-h-\-Øn¬ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn am‰-߃ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI. hnZym-`ym-k-cw-K-sØbpw Btcm-Ky-cw-K-sØbpw hmWn-Py-h¬°cWw XS-bp-I. kzIm-cy-tk-h-\-cq-]-ß-fpsS kmaqly DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ \b-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-I. kmaq-ly-t£-]-≤-Xn-Isf DXv]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTnX hnI-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-ØpI. sXmgn¬ tk\-bv°p≈ t£a-]-≤-Xn-Isf D¬]mZ\ {]h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw tcmKm-Xp-c¿, sshIey-ap-≈-h¿, sXmgn¬ tk\-bn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an-®-h¿ F∂n-h¿°v ]q¿W kwc-£Ww \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-I. kzbw-k-lm-b-kw-L-ßsf D¬]m-Z-\-hn-X-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂ sXmgn¬ kwL-ß-fm°n am‰p-I. BZn- h m- k n- I ƒ, Xoc- t Z- i - h m- k n- I ƒ XpS- ß n- b - h ¿°v Ah¿ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ hn`-h-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-Ibpw ]pXnb A[zm\ i‡n-bpsS hnIm-k-Øn-\m-kv]-Z-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I. πkv Sp Ign™ F√m hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw hnZ-Kv[-sXm-gn¬ ]cn-io- 16 -
9.
e-\-Øn-\p≈ ka-{K-]≤n Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-I. tkh-\-Xp-d-I-fnse F√m-hn[ Z√mƒ-˛-I-Ωo-j≥ GP‚ v ˛ tªUv˛ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \n¿Øm-\p≈ \nb-a-\n¿amWw \S-Øp-I. F√mhn[ {]th-i-\-ßfpw CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw ]q¿W-ambn At\z-j-I\pw tkh-\-Øp-d-bpsS DS-abpw XΩn¬ t\cn-´p≈ CS-]m-Sp-I-fm°n am‰pIbpw sNøp-I.
s]mXp-kz-Imcy ]¶m-fnØw s]mXp-ta-Je CXp-hsc tIc-f-Øn¬ kzIm-cy-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√. F¶nepw s]mXp kzImcy ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ]≤Xn- I ƒ Ct∏mƒ \S- ∏ n- e m- I p- ∂ p- ≠ v . s]mXp kzImcy ]¶m- f nØw C∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ \ne-]m-Sns‚ km¶Xyw ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. ]pXnb cq]-ß-sf√mw ]¶m-fnØ cq]-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ {ItaW s]mXp taJ-ebv°v ]nSn®p \n¬°m≥ km[y-a-√msX hcpw. ]¶m-fn-ØsØ `c-W-Iq-Shpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]¶m-fn-Ø-ambn ]p\¿\n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw \nc-h[n hnZ-Kv[-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS Iq´m-bvasb Xmßn-\n¿Øm-\mbn Kh-s◊‚ v ]Ww-ap-S°pIbpw sNømw. C∂sØ s]mXptaJ-esb Xmßn-\n¿Øp∂ k_vkn-Un-I-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvXam-WX - v. ChnsS \S-°p-∂Xv s]mXp˛ s]mXp˛ ]¶m-fn-Øa- m-Wv. BZysØ s]mXp Kh-s◊≠pw c≠m-asØ s]mXp kwcw-`-I-cmb P\-ß-fp-am-Wv. sXmgn¬kw-L-߃, kwcw-`-kw-L-߃ XpS-ßn-bh hf¿Øn-sIm-≠p-hcn-Ibpw sXmgn¬ Icm¿ kwL-ßsf t{]mP-Iv‰p-It- f¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNømw. tIc-f-Øns‚ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ]co-£n-°m-hp∂ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.
`c-W-\n¿h-l-Whpw amt\-Pvsa‚pw C∂sØ Ahÿ: s]mXp `c- W - I ¿Øm- ° - f psS Imcy- £ - a X G‰hpw ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-amb \ne-bn-em-Wv. Kh-s◊≠v {]Jym-]n-°p∂ t£a]-≤-Xn-Ifpw hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fn¬ hcp-Øp∂ ]cn-jv°m-c-ßfpw \n¿hln-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw CXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. kzImcy ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ em`m-[n-jvTn-X-\oXn amt\-Pvsa‚ns‚ Imcy-£-a-X-sbbpw tkh-\-Xz-cX-sbbpw Kuc-h-Øn¬ _m[n-°p-∂p. 1. `c-W-cw-KsØ A\m-h-iy-amb tI{µo-I-c-Whpw Nph-∏p-\m-S-bn-e-[njvTn-X-hpw P\-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb DtZym-K-ÿ-ta-[m-hnXzw Hgn-hm-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ s]mXp `cW \nb-a-ßfpw amt\-Pvsa‚ v k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw ]pcm-hn-jvI-cn-°p-I. 2. hntI-{µo-Ir-X-amb `c-W-\n¿h-l-W-co-Xnbpw {]iv\-]-cn-lmc am¿Kßfpw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-I. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb A[n-Im-c-hn- 17 -
3.
4.
5.
tI-{µo-I-cWw `c-W-X-e-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-I. `c-W-\n¿h-l-W-Ønse kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Dd-∏m-°p-I. _P-‰n-wßv apX¬ \n¿h-l-Whpw HmUn-‰nwKpw hscbp≈ F√m X´p-Ifpw kpXm-cyhpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hp-am-°p-I. \n¿h-lWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ {IaoI-cn-°p-I. s]mXp-\n-b-a-ßfpw \n¿h-l-W-cq-]hpw Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ ]q¿W DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿h-l-tWm-tZym-Kÿ-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. h≥ ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw hIp-∏p-I-fnepw DØ-chm-ZnXzw ]q¿W-ambn hntI-{µo-I-cn-°p-I. Imcy-£-a-amb \S-Øn-∏n\m-h-iy-amb tamWn-´-dnwKv kwhn-[m-\-߃ krjvSn-°p-I. \n¿h-lWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]q¿W-amb kmt¶XnI ]cn-io-e\w C≥k¿ho-kmbn F√m Poh-\° - m¿°pw \¬Ip-I.
k¿°mdpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Kh¨sa‚n\v 2 Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. (1.) \nb{¥Wm-[n-Imc Npa-X-e-Iƒ(2.) hnI-k-\m-[n-Imc Npa-X-e-Iƒ. c≠n\pw ]Ww Bh-iy-am-Wv. k¿°m-dns‚ {][m\ hcp-am\w \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂mWv. 2009-˛10 se IW°p {]Imcw \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\w 17,625 tImSn-bm-Wv, \ΩpsS GSDP 1,81,289 tImSn cq]bpw. AXm-bXv GSDP bpsS 10% XpI-bmWv kwÿm-\-Øn\v \nIpXn C\-Øn¬ e`n-°p-∂-Xv. tI{µhpw Xt±i kzbw `cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]ncn-s®-Sp°p-∂-Xn\v ]pdta bmWnX.v F¥m-bmepw F√mw IqSn Hcp 16% Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ hcn-√. GSDPbpsS F{X iX-am\w \nIp-Xn-bmbn k¿°m-dn-te°v hcWw? ]e hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fnepw CXv 30 % apI-fnemWv. C∂v tIc-fØn¬ \S-°p∂ 50% kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-I-sf-¶nepw kpXm-cy-a-√. AXm-bXv Kh¨sa‚ v IW-°p-I-fn¬ H∂pw s]SmsX \s√mcp iXam\w kmº- Ø nI CS- ] m- S p- I ƒ \S- Ø m≥ ChnsS kml- N - c y- a p- ≠ v . kwÿm-\Øv icn-bmb kmº-ØnI Xocp-am-\-߃ ssIs°m-f-fp∂Xn\v henb hnLm-X-am-WnXv krjvTn-°p-∂-Xv. \nIpXn sh´n-°p-∂-Xn\v henb XpI ssI°q-en-bmbnt∏mepw \¬Ip∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ 1. \nIpXn \¬Ip- ∂ Xv Hcp kmaqly DØ- c - h m- X nXzw BI- W w. kmaqly hnI-k-\-Øn\v \nIpXn \¬tI-≠-XmWv F∂ ]uct_m[w D≠m-I-Ww. 2. \nIp-Xn°v A\p-kr-X-amb tkh-\w, k¿°m¿ \¬Ip-∂p≠v F∂v Dd-∏m-°-Ww. 3. ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS sk¬^v AkkvUv \nIpXn A∏-t∏mƒ AS-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w D≠m-I-Ww. - 18 -
4.
\nIpXn AS-°p-∂-hcpw \nIpXn ]ncn®v AS-bv°p∂hcpw kmaqly hnI-k\ cwKsØ {][m\ IÆn-I-fmWv F∂ AwKo-Imcw Ah¿°v \¬IWw.
kl-I-c-W-ta-Je tIc-f-Ønse {]mtZ-inI hnI-k\ kºZv hyh-ÿ-bn¬ i‡-amb kzm[o- \ - a p- ≈ - h - b mWv {]mtZ- i nI kl- I - c W kwL- ß ƒ. tkmƒ s{]mss∏-‰dn jn∏v, ]m¿´vW¿jn-∏v, enan-‰Uv Iº-\n-Iƒ F∂o `c-W-cq]-߃°v ]I-c-am-Im≥ kl-I-cW taJ-e°v Ignbpw F∂-Xn\v Ht´sd DZm-l-c-W-߃ D≠v. kl-I-cW taJ-e-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w kpXm-cy-am°n- s °m- ≠ v F√m taJ- e - I - f n- t e°pw hym]n- ∏ n- ° m≥ Ign- ™ m¬ kzmImcy Xmev]-cy-Øn\v ]Icw kmaqly Xmev]-cy-߃ ap≥\n¿Ønbp≈ hnI-k\ apt∂-‰-߃°v km£n-bm-Im≥ tIc-f-Øn\v Ign-bpw. D¬]mZ\ cwK-Øpw, tkh\ cwKØpw i‡-amb km∂n-≤y-am-Im≥ Ignbpw F∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ an® ]WsØ icn-bmb hn[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-am°n am‰m\pw Ign-bpw. Hcp sNdnb DZm-l-cWw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. tZio-b-]mX-I-fpsS hnI-k\w kzImcy Iº-\n-Isf Gev]n®v tSmƒ ]ncn®v \S-∏m°m-\m-Wt√m Xocp-am-\w. CXv h≥ Agn-a-Xn-°v Ah-kcw Hcp-°p∂ Hcp ]≤-Xn-bmWv F∂v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bmw. henb XpI-bmWv tSmƒ ]ncn-hn-eqsS Iº\n ASn®v FSp-°p-I. CXv Hcp kl-I-cW kwLamWv Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂Xv F∂v Icp-XpI F¥mIpw Ah-ÿ. CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ Hs° kpXm-cy-am-°m≥ Ignbpw. D≠m-°p∂ em`w IqSp-X¬ BWv F¶n¬ P\-߃°v tNmZyw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw. kmaqly kΩ¿±-ØneqsS am\y-amb tSmƒ \nc-°n-te°v kwhn-[m-\sØ sIm≠p-h-cm\pw Ign-bpw. AXXv taJ-e-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-hsc GtIm-]n-∏n®v klI-cW taJ-e-hn-]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™m¬ AXv Hcp henb t\´w Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°pw.
Kƒ^v ]Whpw tIcf hnI-k-\hpw C¥ym-cm-PyØv Kƒ^v ]W-Øns‚ G‰hpw i‡-amb km∂n-≤yap≈ kwÿm-\-amWv tIc-fw. Hmtcm h¿jhpw 30,000 tImSn-cq] tIc-fØn-te°v FØp-∂p≠v F∂mWv HutZym-KnI IW-°v. A\u-tZym-KnI IW-°p-{]-Imcw CXv Aº-Xn-\mbncw tImSn hcpw F¥m-bmepw Cu XpI F¥v sNøWw F∂-dn-bm-Ø-h-cmWv _lp-`q-cn-]-£-hpw. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ CXn¬ \s√mcp XpI hoSp \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\pw, hml\w hmßp-∂-Xn\pw, D]-t`mK hkvXp-°ƒ hmßp-∂-Xn-\pw, `qan hmßn-Iq-´p∂-Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXv tIc-fsØ henb Hcp ]cn-ÿnXn Zpc- 19 -
¥-Øn-te-°mWv \bn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu an®-]-WsØ icn-bmb hn[w D]- t bm- K - s ∏- S p- Ø m≥ Ign- ™ m¬ henb am‰- ß ƒ \ΩpsS kwÿm-\Øv D≠m-Ipw.
enwK-]-Z-hnbpw hnI-k-\hpw C∂sØ Ahÿ: kv{Xo{]-ÿm\ßfpsS i‡-amb CS-s]-S¬ aqew enwK-]-Zhn Ct∏mƒ ]≤-Xn-]cnt{]-£y-Øn¬ ÿm\w]nSn-®n-cn-°p∂p. h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-≤Xn kmaq-ly-t£-a-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ, kv{Xo]o-U-\hpw Km¿lnI]oU-\hpw XS-bm-\p≈ \nb-a-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂v Cu taJe Gsd-sbm∂pw apt∂m-´p-t]m-bn-´n-√. IpSpw-_-{io-t]m-ep≈ ]≤Xn-I-fmWv KpW-]-c-amb am‰-߃ krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. \n¿t±-i-߃ 1. Km¿ln-I-kzm-X-{¥y-Øns‚ BZy-]Sn C∂p-\n-e-hn-ep≈ ^yqU¬hnt[-b-Xz-߃ Hgn-hm-°p-I-bm-Wv. Krl-ß-fn¬ H∂n®p Pohn-°p-∂h¿°v Krl-ß-fpsS BkvXn-bpsS ta¬ Xpeym-h-Im-i-ap-≠m-I-Ww. hnhm-ln-X-cm-sW-¶n¬ "Krl-\m-Y≥' "t\man\n' apX-emb {]tbm-K߃°p ]Icw s]mXp-kzØv F∂ k¶¬]-Øn-te°p \oß-Ww. s]mXp kzØp-S-a-Iƒ°v kz¥-ambn BkvXn-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v CXp XS- -a-√. Ahbpw Ah-cpsS CjvS-{]-Imcw s]mXp-kz-Øm°n am‰mw. hnhmlw d±m-bm¬ BkvXn-Iƒ Xpey-ambn `mKn-°p-Ibpw sNømw. 2. kv{Xo[\w apX-emb hnhm-l-Øns‚ ka-b-Øp≈ BkvXn ssIam‰-߃ ]q¿W-ambn \ntcm-[n-°p-I. kz¥w BkvXn-Iƒ Ah-c-hcpsS kz¥w CjvS-{]-Imcw am{X-amWv s]mXp-kz-Øn-te°p ebn∏n- ° p- I . AXn- \ p- ] - I cw \n¿_- ‘ n®p ebn- ∏ n- ° m- \ p≈ F√m {iahpw in£m¿l-am-I-Ww. kv{XoIƒ°v kzX-{¥-ambn BkvXnIƒ \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw hnhm-l-ti-jhpw D≠m-IWw. 3. Km¿ln-Im-[zm-\-Øn\v aqeyw I¬]n-°Ww. AXn-\p≈ thX\w sXmgn-ep-Sa t\cnt´m ""IpSpw-_-th-X\w'' F∂ \ne-bn¬ sXmgn-seSp-°p∂ BfpsS thX-\-Øns‚ `mK-amtbm \¬IWw. ({]-k-hmh[n F∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ Cu k¶¬]w Dƒs°m-≠n-´p≠v). KrlsØm-gn¬ thsdm-cmƒ sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿°v Cu thX\w e`n-°pw. 4. sXmgn¬ i‡n F∂ kv{Xo k-¶¬]-Øn\v s]mXp {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-I. F√m-sXm-gn-ep-I-fnepw kv{XoIƒ°v Xpeym-h-Im-ihpw Xpey-th-X-\hpw D≠m-I-Ww. kv{XoIƒ°v F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw ]q¿W-amb hnZKv[ sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬I-Ww. - 20 -
5.
tIc-f-Øn¬ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h-cnepw hnZ-Kv[hn-Zym-`ymkw t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cnepw Gdnb ]¶pw kv{XoI-fm-Wv. \ne-hnep≈ sXmgn¬ Xpd-I-fnepw AtX-i-X-am\w kv{XoI-fp-≠m-I-Ww. 6. kv{XoI-fpsS hnhm-lw, Km¿lnI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw XpS-ßn-bh AhcpsS Ne-\m-fl-I-X-bn¬ XS w krjvSn-°-cp-Xv. Ah¿°m-h-iy-amb tlmÃ-ep-Ifpw a‰v Bhm-k-tI-{µ-ßfpw krjvSn-°-Ww. iuNm-eb-ß-f-S-°-ap≈ F√m-hn[ kuI-cy-ßfpw s]mXp CS-ßn-enepw ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw krjvSn-°Ww. 7. s]mXp sXmgn¬ime- I - f nepw dkn- U ≥jy¬ tImf- \ n- I - f nepw s]mXp ASp-°-f-Ifpw s]mXp Ae°v kwhn-[m-\hpw (laundry) \ne-hn¬ hc-Ww. Km¿ln-I-sØm-gn-en¬ \n∂v kv{XoIƒ kzX-{¥cm-Ip-∂-Xn\v s]mXp ASp-°-f-Iƒ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. 8. {]k-hØ - n\pw XpS¿∂p≈ c≠p-aq∂p amk-߃ Hgn-®m¬ inip-]c- n]m-e\ - Ø - n-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\ß - ƒ F√m- sXm-gn¬ imeI-fnepw tImf\n-If - nepw D≠m-IW - w. AXn-\m-hi - y-amb ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®h - ¿ \ntbmKn-°s- ∏-SW - w. BZysØ aq∂p-amkw s]mXp ]cn-]m-e\ - Ø - ns‚ kab-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v kv{Xo°pw ]pcp-j\pw Ah[n \¬I-Ww. 9. s]mXp-cw-K-ß-fn-ep≈ kv{XoI-fpsS hnth-N-\-cq-]-߃ ]q¿W-ambn \ntcm- [ n- ° - s ∏- S - W w. kv { XoIƒ°p- a m- { X- a p≈ kv I qfpIƒ, sdbn¬th-tIm-®p-Iƒ, XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. F√m s]mXpÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw kmt¶-XnI cq]-ß-fnepw kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°v Xpey kwh-cWw \¬I-Ww. 10. kv{Xo]o-U-\-cq-]-߃ I¿i-\-ambn in£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. C∂sØ A¿[-a-\-t m-sS-bp-≈Xpw ]pcp-jm-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hp-amb \oXn-\ym-b-apd-Iƒ am‰n kv{XoIƒ°v Xpey ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap≈ \oXn \ymb-cq-]-ßfp-≠m-I-Ww. IpSpw_ tImS-Xn¬ am{X-a√ km[m-cW tImS-Xn-Ifnepw kv{XoIƒ°v Xpey-]-¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≠m-I-Ww. 11. `qhn-\n-tbm-K-Ønepw Im¿jn-I-˛-Im¿jn-Im-\p-_-‘-sØm-gn-ep-I-fnepw kv { XoIƒ°v ]q¿W Ah- I m- i - ß - f p- ≠ m- I - W w. kv { XoI- f psS sXmgn¬ kwL-߃ Cu taJ-e-I-fn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-S-Ww. 12. Btcm-Ky-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ \ne-hn¬ h∂n-´pw, 99% {]k-h-߃ tIcf-Øn¬ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn¬ \S-∂n´pw F¥p-sIm≠v amXr-a-cW \nc°v h¿[n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°Ww. (tI-c-f-Ønse kv{XoIƒ°v (K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°v) A\o-anb C√ F∂Xpw ]T-\-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v). B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ F¥vsIm≠v amXr-a-cW-\n-c°v Ipd-bp-∂n√? Btcm-Ky-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ka-{K-]-T-\hpw \ne-]mSpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. - 21 -
kmwkvIm-cnI cwKhpw am[y-a-ßfpw C∂sØ Ahÿ: kmwkvIm-cn-I-cwKw C∂p Po¿Wm-h-ÿ-bn-emWv. am[y-a-߃ ]q¿W-ambpw ap≥[m-c-W-I-fpsSbpw tIh-e-amb {]IS-\m-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw sk≥tk-j-W-en-k-Øn-s‚bpw ]nSn-bn-ep-am-Wv. hnIk-\-sØ-°p-dn®p am{X-a-√, Hcp hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®pw Xm¬°m-en-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ am{X-amWv Ct∏mƒ t{]m’m-ln∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Kuc-h-ta-dnb N¿®-Ifpw kwhm-Z-ßfpw \S°p-∂n-√. P\m-[n-]-Xy-h¬°-cWw ]q¿W-amb tXmXn¬ \S-°p-∂n-√. `mKn-Ihpw a-X-PmXn kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰p ÿm]n-X-Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsSbpw \ne- ] m- S - \ p- k - c n- ® p- ≈ - X p- a mb A`n- { ]mb {]I- S - \ - ß ƒ°mWv {]mapJyw e`n-°p-∂-Xv. \n¿tZ-i-߃ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn°pw th≠n hmZn-°p∂ i‡n-Iƒ Ah-cp-sS-Xmb Bi-b-{]-N-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw kwhm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw cq]-߃ krjvSn-t°-≠Xv C∂sØ Bh-iy-am-Wv. CØcw Bib cq]o-I-c-WØn-\m-h-iy-amb X{¥-ßfpw sa\-tb-≠n-h-cpw. AXn-\mbn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1. Hcp P\-X-bpsS kzm`n-am-\hpw kzmh-t_m-[hpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb hnI-k\ X{¥-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-Wv. kz¥w A[zm-\-i-‡n-bpsS kmaq-ly-aqey-sØ-∏‰n t_m[-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v kz¥w \m´n¬ A¿]-W-t_m-[tØm-sSbpw kXy-k-‘-ambpw tPmen-sN-øm\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-In√. ae-bm-fn-bpsS `mj, kwkvIm-cw, Pohn-X-co-Xn, Ncn{Xw XpS-ßnb-h-sb-∏‰n t_m[hpw A`n-am-\hpw D≠m-tI-≠Xv kmwkvIm-cn-Iamb BZysØ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn `mjm-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]T-\-sØbpw {]tbm-K-sØbpw ]c-am-h[n t{]m’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. 2. P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb s]mXp-a-fiew F√m-hn-`m-K-߃°pw Xpeyamb Ah-k-c-ßfpw ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ H∂m-Wv. AXv `mKn-Ihpw kzXz-cm-jv{So-b-]-c-hp-am-I-cp-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v aX-PmXn hn`m-Kob i‡n-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb k‘n-bn-√mØ t]mcm´w P\m-[n]-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-dbpw hnI-k\ cmjv{So-b-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cyL-S-I-hp-am-Wv. 3. \Ωp-sSXv Hcp Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kaq-l-am-Wv. ]{X-am-kn-I-Ifpw ]pkvX-I-ßfpw Iem-cq-]-ß-fp-an-√msX \ap°v Pohn-°m≥ km[n°p-I-bn-√. ]s£, C∂v Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-Øn-\-∏pdw Xmcm-cm-[-\bpw - 22 -
4.
hy‡n-I-fpsS al-Xz¬°-c-Whpw \oN-h¬°-c-Whpw XakvIc-Whp-sam-°-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. Bi-b-{]-N-c-W-Øn\p ]Icw Bi-b\n-µbpw Ah-tl-f-\hpw hym]-I-am-Wv. I®-h-S-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ £p{Z-aq-ey-t_m[w Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ G‰hpw {][m\ LS-Iambn amdp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v C∂sØ am[y-a-cq-]-߃s°-Xn-cmb i‡-amb hna¿i\w _Z¬ Bi-b-{]-N-cW cq]-߃°p th≠nbp≈ At\z-j-Whpw {]k-‡-am-Wv. Iem-Pm-Y-I-fpsS BZy-Ime aqey-t_m[w hos≠-Sp-°¬ CXns‚ {][m\ LS-I-hpw. Bi-b-kw-hmZw \S-t°-≠Xv GXm\pw _p≤-Po-hn-I-fn-e√, km[mcW P\-ß-fn-em-Wv. AXn-\mbn P\-Io-b-hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS A¥- Ø hos≠- S p- t °- ≠ Xv Bh- i y- a m- W v . s\Sp- ¶ ≥ Ihe {]kw-K-ß-fn¬ P\-߃°p Xm¬]-cy-an√. kwhm-Z-m[n-jvTn-X-amb `mj-W-߃ tIƒ°m\pw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im\pw Ah¿ Xøm-dm-Ipw. {]`m- j - I - s \- ° m- f - [ nIw {]mtbm- K n- I hpw ssk≤m- ¥ n- I - h p- a mb hnhcw ]e-t∏mgpw tI´n-cn-°p∂ Bƒ°p-ap-≠m-Im-sa-∂Xv Hcn-°epw ad-∂p-Iq-S. P\-Iob hnZym-`ymkw kwhm-Zm-fl-I-amb A¥-co-£Øns‚ krjvSn-bn-te°p \bn-°-Ww. kmaq-ly-kw-L¿j-߃°pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb ]pXnb hnI-k-\-cm-jv{So-b-Øn-\p-ap≈ Nhn-´p]-Sn-bm-Ip-a-Xv.
k¥p-en-X-hn-I-k\w a\p-jy\pw {]Ir-Xnbpw XΩnepw, a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-epap≈ _‘-ß-fpsS k¥p-en-X-amb hnI-k\w em`m-[n-jvTnX kaq-lØn¬ Akm-[y-am-Wv. a\p-jy-cpsS AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\pw k¿Km-flI {]tbm-K-Øn\pw CXv ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-hp-am-Wv. I®-h-S-kw-kvImcw tIcf-Øns‚ ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb XI¿°p-∂p, kmaq-ln-I-_-‘-ßsf \in-∏n°p-∂p, kwkvIm-csØ Po¿Wn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ P\m[n-]-Xy-hn-I-k\ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ B[m-c-L-S-I-amWv k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ. k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿbv°v Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ LS-I-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. 1. ]cn-ÿnXn k¥p-e\w: tIc-fo-b-cpsS `mhn-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°v ÿnc-hmkhpw sXmgnepw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bpI ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-sSbpw hn`h-ß-fp-sSbpw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. (C-s√-¶n¬, tIcfw Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ hr≤-k-Z-\-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv, {ItaW AXpw C√m-XmIpw.) 2. aX-Pm-Xn-t`-Z-an-√msX F√m-h¿°pw Xpeym-h-k-c-ßfpw Xpey-amb Pohn-Xm-¥-co-£hpw kzX-{¥-amb kaq-l-_-‘-ßfpw km-[y-amb A¥-co£w AXn-\m-h-iy-amWv (C-s√-¶n¬, kzXz-cm-jv{So-b-Øn-\Sn-a-s∏´v tIcfw samØ-Øn¬ XI-cpw.) - 23 -
3.
enwK-]-c-amb Xpey-Xbpw enwK-]-Z-hn-tbm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\hpw kv{Xo]pcp-j-t`-Z-an-√mØ kmaqly Ah-k-c-ßfpw hy‡nXzkm£m¬°mchpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Ign-b-Ww. (C-s√-¶n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]pcp-jm[n-]Xy Ima-sh-dn-b≥ kwkvImcw kv{XoXz-sØbpw tIcf kaql-sØbpw \in-∏n-°pw) 4. \ΩpsS `mj-tbmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØmSpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-I-tfmSpw _lp-am-\hpw kzm`n-am-\-hp-ap≈ Db¿∂ kmwkvIm-cnI aqey-ßfpw P\m-[n-]Xy Ah-t_m-[hpw hf¿∂p-h-cWw (A-s√-¶n¬ tIc-fw k¶-c-kz-`m-h-ap≈ Hcp sskt°m-]m-XnIv kaq-l-am-bn-Xo-cpw.) 5. kz¥-amb sXmgn¬ kwkvIm-chpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw A¿∏-W-t_m[hpw kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw GsXmcp ae-bm-fn-bp-sSbpw PohnX-cq-]-am-I-Ww (A-s√-¶n¬ tIm¿]-td‰v Kp≠-I-fp-sSbpw Z√m-fp-Ifp-sSbpw a‰p {Inan-\-ep-I-fp-sSbpw \mSmIpw tIc-fw) tIc-fsØ ImØn-cn-°p∂Xv c≠v kmwkvIm-cnI hgn-Øm-c-I-fm-Wv. ChXΩn¬ ka-\zbw km[y-a-√. AXp-sIm≠v P\m-[n-]-Xy-Ønepw kmaqly-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb hnI-k-\-cm-jv{Sobw sXc-s™Sp-°m≥ kzmh-t_m-[-ap≈ F√m ae-bm-fnbpw Xøm-dm-I-Ww. CØ-c-Øn¬ Df-f N¿®-Ifpw s]mXp ka-hm-b-ßfpw D≠m-°n-sbSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-Ncyhpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw D≠m°pI F∂XmWv ""thWw as‰mcp tIcfw'' F∂ Imº-bn-\n-eqsS ]cn-jØv e£y-anSp-∂Xv.
Imº-bn≥ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ 2011 \hw-_¿ 1 \v Bcw-`n®v 2013 ¬ ]cn-j-Øns‚ 50-˛mw hm¿jnI ktΩ-f\w hsc \o≠p \n¬°p∂ Imsºbv≥ BWv Ct∏mƒ hn`mh\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. Iym-º-bn-\ns‚ H∂mw -L-´-Øn¬ \mev- Im-cy-ßfn¬ Du∂n-s°m-≠p≈ _lp-P-\-hn-Zym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv e£y-anSp-∂-Xv. H∂v, C∂sØ BtKmf˛ tZiob kml-N-cy-߃ IW-°n-se-SpØv tIc-f-Øns‚ `mhn apt∂-‰-Øn\v klm-b-I-amb imkv{Xo-bhpw ka{K-hp-amb Hcp hnI-k\\bw cq]-s∏-SpØp-I. c≠v, CØcw Hcp \bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n P\-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[-cw-K-ß-fn¬ \S∏m-t°≠ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°v cq]w-\¬Ip-I. aq∂v, P\-Po-hn-XsØ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂ Imcy-ßsf {]mtZin-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Is≠-Øm\pw CS-s]-Sm\pw ]cn-l-cn-°m\pw klmb-I-am-Ipw-hn[w imkv{X-Øns‚ {]tbm-KsØ P\-ß-fn¬ FØn-°p- 24 -
I; Adn-hns\ IqSp-X¬ P\-Io-b-h¬°-cn-°p-I. \mev, Chsb ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-SpØn tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXp t_m[a-fi-e-Øns‚ `mK-am-°p-Ibpw {]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ P\ßfpsS -]-¶mfnØw Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.
aps∂m-cp-°-߃ tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k-\sØ Ipdn-®p≈ ]cn-jØv \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw Imsºbvs‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw apgp-h≥ {]h¿Ø-I¿°pw t_m[y-s∏-SpI F∂-XmWv BZy-ambn th≠-Xv. CXn\v hnhn[ Xe-Øn-ep≈ IqSn-t®-cep-Iƒ \S-°-Ww.
taJem inev]-im-e-Iƒ taJem {]h¿Ø-I-tbm-K-߃ inev]-im-e-I-fm-bmWv \S-tØ≠Xv. Imsºbv≥ hni-Zmw-i-߃ N¿® sNbvXv kzmwio-I-cn-°epw taJem {]h¿Ø-\-߃ cp]-s∏-Sp-ØepamWv Cu inev]-im-e-I-fn¬ \S-t°-≠-Xv. taJ-e-bnse kPo-h-amb apgp-h≥ {]h¿Ø-I-tcbpw ]s¶Sp-∏n-°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-°-Ww. Imsº-bv\n¬ _‘n-∏n-°m≥ Ignbp∂ ap≥Ime {]h¿Ø-tcbpw tbmK-Øn-tebv°v £Wn-°-Ww. Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw Pn√m-Np-a-X-e-°-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IqSn-bn-cp∂v inev]im-e-Iƒ ap≥Iq´n IrXy-amb Bkq-{XWw sNø-Ww.
dntkmgvkv {Kq∏v ]cn-io-e\w Imsºbv≥ kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-߃ taJ-em-X-e-Øn¬ N¿® sNøp∂-Xn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-h¿°p≈ Hcp Znh-ksØ kwÿm\ Xe ]cn-io-e\w HIvtSm-_¿ 2 \v \mev ¢Ã-dp-I-fnembn \S-°pw.
Pn√m kwLm-SI kanXn Imsºbv≥ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp kwLm-SI kanXn F√m Pn√m-I-fnepw cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. kwL-S-\bv°v ]pd-Øp-≈-h-sc-°pSn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v IqSp∂ kwL-S-I-kanXn cq]oI-cW tbmK-Øn¬ Imsºbvs‚ Bi-b-X-ehpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hniZ-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. kwLm-SI kan-Xn°v Hcp sNb¿t]-gvk¨, sshkv sNb¿t]-gvk¨, P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿, Npcp-ßn-bXv 8 I¨ho\¿am¿ F∂o- `m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ D≠m-I-Ww. I¨ho-\¿am¿°v Xmsg-∏-dbp∂ {]tXyI Npa-Xe \¬I-Ww. 1. skan-\m¿, 2. taJem Xe-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ {]tXyI {]h¿Ø-\-߃, 3. Iem-Pm-Y, 4. ]pkvX-I-˛-e-Lp- 25 -
teJm {]Nm-c-Ww., 5. Krl-k-µ¿i\w ˛ P\-k-`, N¿®m-¢m- p-Iƒ, 6. ]Z-bm{X, taJ-e-˛-Pn√m A\p-_‘ PmY-Iƒ 8. {]Nm-c-Ww. I¨ho-\¿am¿ P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ F∂n-h¿ Dƒs∏-sS 10 AwK߃ D≈ Imsºbv≥ sk¬ F√m Pn√-I-fnepw cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. ssZ\wZn\ {]h¿Ø-߃ tamWn-´¿ sNbvXv apt∂m-´p -sIm-≠pt]mtI≠-Xv Cu sk¬ BWv.
taJem kzmK-X-kwLw Isºbvs‚ taJ-em-Xe DZvLm-S\w \hw:1\mWv \S-t°-≠-Xv. CXn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn F√m-ta-J-e-I-fnepw kzmK-X-kwLw cq]o-I-cn°-Ww. DZvLm-S-\hpw XpS¿∂v ]Z-bm{X Ignbpw hsc-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\ßfpw Cu kzmKX kwL-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv \S-t°-≠-Xv. kzmKX-kwL cq]o-I-cW tbmK-Øn-tebv°v cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nIƒ, bph-P\ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, t{SUv bqWn-b-\p-Iƒ, k¿∆okv kwL-S-\-Iƒ, ]uc-{]ap-J¿, P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, IpSpw-_-{io-{]-h¿Ø-I¿, kv°qƒ ]n. -Sn. F {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ XpSßn F√m-hn-`mKw P\-ß-tfbpw £Wn-°-Ww. kv{Xo]¶m-fnØw D≠m-Im≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-bvI-Ww. kv{XoIƒ°pIpSn ]s¶Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ hn[w tbmK-k-abw {Iao-I-cn-°-Ww. tbmK-Øn¬ Imsºbv≥ kw_-‘n®pw taJe Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]mtZ-inI hnIk\ {]iv\sØ kw_-‘n®pw Ah-X-cWw \S-Ø-Ww.
kwÿm\ DZvLm-S\w Imº-bns‚ Hu]-Nm-cnI DZvLm-S\w HIvtSm-_¿ 31 \v sshIo´v 3 \v Xr»q¿ kmlnXy A°m-Zan lmfn¬ \S-°pw. kaq-l-Ønse hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fnse {]ap-Jsc ]s¶-Sp-∏n®v \S-Øp∂ DZvLm-S\ tbmK-Øn¬ Xr»q¿ Pn√-bn¬ \n∂pw kao] Pn√-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]c-am-h[n ]¶mfnØw Dd-∏m-°-Ww. a‰p Pn√-I-fn¬ \n∂v Ipd-™Xv 10 t]¿ hoXw ]s¶-Sp-°-Ww.
taJem DZvLm-S\w \hw-_¿ 1\v F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw taJem DZvLm-S\w \S-°Ww. DZvLm-S\ tbmK-Øn¬ c≠v A-h-X-c-W-߃ \S-°-Ww. Imsºbv≥ kw_- ‘ n® s]mXp Ah- X - c - W - h pw, taJe Gs‰- S p- Ø n- c n- b v ° p∂ {]tXyI hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ah-X-c-Whpw. tbmK-Øn¬ ]c-amh[n P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°-Ww. kmaq-ly, kmwkv°m-cn-I, kmlnXy cwKsØ {]ap-J¿, imkv{X-⁄¿ F∂n-h-cn-em-sc-sb-¶nepw DZvLm-S-\Øn-\mbn Is≠-Ø-Ww. Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kmwkv°m-cnI kwK-aw, - 26 -
{]Z¿i-\w, XpSßn km[y-X-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn DZvLmS\ ktΩ-f\w {]uV-Kw-`o-c-am-°m≥ {ian-°-Ww. hn]p-e-amb {]N-mcWw \S-°-Ww. tIc-f-∏n-dhn Zn\-Øn¬ as‰m-cp -tI-c-f-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX hym]-I-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-S-Ø-°-hn[w taJ-e-bnse G‰hpw {it≤b ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-°n-am-‰m≥ IgnbWw.
{]mtZ-inI ]-T\ {]h¿Ø\w Hmtcm taJ- e bpw AXmXp {]tZ- i Øv {]k- ‡ - s a∂p tXm∂p∂ Hcp hnj-bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn Imsºbv≥ kwLSn-∏n-°-Ww. hnj-b-Øns‚ kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn®v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw, ]T\w F∂nh Imsºbvs‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbn \S-tØ≠n ht∂-°mw. ]cn-ÿnXn, BtcmKyw, hnZym-`ymkw, kwkvImcw XpSßnb taJ-e-I-fnse {]iv\-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Imsº-bv≥ Xocpam\n-t°-≠Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Nq≠n°m- W n- b v ° m\pw _Z¬ \n¿t±- i - ß ƒ cq]- s ∏- S p- t Ø- ≠ - X ns‚ {]m[m\yw P\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw Cu Imsº-bn-\n-eqsS Ign- b - W w. Imsºbv ≥ \S- ° p∂ taJ- e - b nse Nne Ah- ÿ - I ƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p -sIm-≠mbn-cn-°-Ww P\-ß-fp-ambn kwh-Zn-t°-≠Xv. CXn\p ]e- L-S-I-߃ D≠v. skan-\m¿, N¿®m-¢m- p-Iƒ, {]Nm-cW-Pm-Y, Krl-k-µ¿i-\w, kwhm-Zw, ho´p-ap-‰-¢m- p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh. CXn¬ Krl-µ¿i-\w, kwhm-Zw, ho´p-ap-‰-¢m-kp-Iƒ F∂nh \n¿_‘-ambpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. CtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]pkvXI {]Nm-c-Ww, taJ- e m- X e Iem- P mY XpS- ß nb ]cn- ] m- S n- I fpw kwL- S n- ∏ n- ° - m w. Imsº-bn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse Bh-iyamb ]T- \ hpw hnh- c - t i- J - c - W hpw \S- Ø - W w. Imsº- b n≥ GsX¶nepw Ipd-®p- bq-Wn-‰p-Iƒ tI{µo-I-cn-®p≈ {]iv\-ßsf ap≥\n¿Ønbm- s W- ¶ nepw apgp- h ≥ bqWn- ‰ p- I - f nepw AXns‚ s]mXp- h m- b p≈ {]iv\-߃ N¿® sNø-Ww. sXcs™-Sp-°p∂ taJ-e-I-fn¬ H∂v-˛H-∂c h¿jw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Bg-Øn-ep≈ CS-s]-S¬ BWv \StØ- ≠ - X v . CXn- \ p≈ aps∂m- c p- ° hpw XpS°{]h¿Ø- \ - ß - f p- a mWv Imsºbv s ‚ BZy- L ´Øn¬ \St°≠Xv . hnjb kan- X n- I - f mWv C°m- c y- Ø n¬ taJ- e - I sf klm- b n- t °- ≠ - X v .
skan-\m-dp-Iƒ Imsº-bv\n¬ D∂-bnbv-°p∂ hnhn[ hnj-b-߃ kw_-‘n®v skan-\m-dp-Iƒ \S-Ø-Ww. 14 Pn√-I-fn-embn 16 skan-\m-dp-I-fmWv Xocpam-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. skan-\m-dp-Iƒ°p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn B hn-j-b-Øn¬ hnZvKv[-cmbhsc ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ h¿°vtjm∏p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n- 27 -
bv°-Ww. Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw \S-t°-≠ -sk-an-\m-dp-Iƒ kw_-‘n® hnhc-߃ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sIm√w ]Ø-\w-Xn´ Be-∏pg tIm´bw CSp°n Fd-Wm-Ipfw Xriq¿ ]me-°mSv ae-∏pdw tImgn-t°mSv hb-\mSv IÆq¿ Imk¿tImUv
`qhn-\n-tbmKw, imkv{X-]-T-\hpw Kth-j-Whpw ]m¿∏nSw aZy D]-t`mKw BtcmKyw `mjm kwkvImcw h\-B-hmk hyhÿ \K-c-h¬°-cWw, tIc-f-Ønse kq£va ]cn-ÿnXn KXm-KXw lcnX kmt¶-XnI hnZy hntI-{µo-I-cWw P‚¿ BZn-hmkn kaql {]iv\-߃ hnZym-`ym-khpw sXmgnepw Irjn
ho´p-ap‰ ¢m p-Iƒ ho´p-ap‰ ¢m p-Iƒ ^e-{]-Z-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-co-Xn-bm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw ho´p-ap-‰Øv \S-°p∂ ¢m n-tebv°v Np‰p-ap≈ hoSp-I-fnse AwK-ßsf £Wn-bv°p-∂p. taJ-em-XeØn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-´p≈ hnj-bsØ A[n-I-cn®v As√-¶n¬ \m´n¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hnjbsØ tI{µo-I-cn®v ¢m v XpS-ßmw. AXn-eqsS tIcf hnI-k\hpambn _‘-s∏´v \ΩpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn-tebv°v FØ-Ww. ¢m p-Iƒ GI]- £ o- b - a mbnt∏mIm- X n- c n- ° m≥ {i≤n- b v ° - W w. {]iv \ - ß sf Db¿Øn°mWn- ° ¬ am{X- a - √ , as‰mcp tIcfw km[y- a m- s W- ∂ p≈ ip`m]vXn hnizmkw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°epw {][m-\-am-Wv.
Krl-k-µ¿i-\w Krl-k-µ¿i\w \s√mcp Bib {]NmcW D]m-[n-bm-Wv. AXpam-{X-a√ AXns‚ t\´w. hoSv Ib-d-W-sa-¶n¬ ]Tn-°-Ww. Imcy-߃ ho´p-Im-cp-ambn N¿® sNbvXv ]c-kv]cw a\- n-em-°-Ww, kzbw Dƒs°m≈-Ww. AsXmcp kzbw hnZym-`ym-k-hpw IqSn-bmWv. CXv \S-t°-≠Xv bq\n-‰v-X-e-Øn¬, {]mtZ-inIambn-´m-bn-cn-°-Ww F∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m. CXv ]W-s®-e-hp≈ Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-a-√. F∂m¬ Bi-b-]-c-ambn - 28 -
Ht´sd t\´-ß-fp≈Xm-Wv. ]pkvXI/ eLp-teJ {]N-cWw hgn kmºØnIw Is≠-Øp-I-bp-am-hmw. eLp-te-J-Iƒ hmbn®v N¿®-sNbvX c≠vaq∂v t]cmWv hoSp-Iƒ Ib-td-≠-Xv. bph-P-\-߃, hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°-Ww. kv{XoIƒ°v h¿≤n® ]cn-K-W\ \¬I-Ww. Hcp bqWn-‰n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 100 hoSp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°-Ww.
P\-kw-hm-Zw ˛ P\-k` hnI-k\ Imsº-bv\n-eqsS \mw D∂-bnbv°p∂ Bi-b-߃ F√m ]©m-bØv/ap≥kn-∏¬ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-tebpw {][m\ hy‡nIfpambn \n¿_-‘-ambpw N¿® sNø-Ww. CXn-\mbn ]©m-b-Ønse Bib-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ s]mXp {]h¿Ø-I¿, _p≤nPo-hn-Iƒ F∂nhcpsS tbmK-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿®bv°p hnt[-b-am°- W w. CXn- \ mbn F√m ]©m- b - Ø p- I - f nepw ta¬∏- d ™ hn`m- K Øn¬s∏´ Npcp-ßn-bXv 30 ˛ 40 t]cpsS P\-k` hnfn®p tN¿°-Ww.
N¿®m-¢m- p-Iƒ Imsºbv≥ hnj-b-߃ hmb-\m-im-e-Iƒ, ¢∫p-Iƒ, IpSpw_{io, Ab¬°q-´-߃, tImtf-Pp-Iƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-se-√mw- N¿®bv°p hnt[-b-am-°-Ww. N¿®-Iƒ°p t\XrXzw sImSp-t°-≠-hsc ap≥Iq´n Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww.
P\-Iob Ne-®n-t{Xm-’-h-߃ Imsº-bv\n¬ \mw D∂-bn-bv°p∂ hnj-b-߃ {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv°p∂ ^o®¿ ^nen-ap-Iƒ, tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ F∂nh e`y-am-Wv. AXp-]-tbmKn®v taJem ^nenw ¢∫p-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂{X ÿe-ßfn¬ Ne-®n-t{Xm-’-h-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww.
]pkvXI ˛ eLp-teJm {]Nm-c-Ww ]cn-j-Øns‚ F√m Imsº-bv\p-I-fp-tSbpw {][m\ LS-I-amWv ]pkvXI {]Nm-c-Ww. Cu h¿jw sk]vXw-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm_¿ amk-ßfn¬ \S-°p∂ ck-X{¥h≠n apX¬ ]Z-bm{X Ah-km-\n-bv°p∂ P\phcn 30 hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-fn-hn¬ Hmtcm taJ-ebpw Hcp e£w cq]bpsS ]pkvXI {]Nm-cWw \S-Ø-W-sa-∂mWv Xocp-am-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ckX-{¥-h-≠n, Krl-k-µ¿i-\w, Iem-Pm-Y, ]Z-bm{Xm kzoI-cWw XpSßn F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpambn _‘-s∏´pw ]pkvXI {]Nm-cW km[yX {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. - 29 -
Iem-PmY Imsº-bv\p-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S-°p∂ ]Z-bm{Xbv°p apt∂m-Snbmbn ]Z-bm{X IS∂p t]mImØ taJ-e-Isf _‘-s∏-SpØn IemPmY kwL-Sn-∏n-°-W-sa∂p Xocp-am-\n-®p. Ign-bp-∂Xpw sNe-hp-Ip-d™ sXcphp \mSI coXn-bn-ep≈ Iem-PmYbmWv kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. ct≠m ˛ aqt∂m Pn√-I-sf, _‘n-∏n®psIm≠v kwÿm-\Øv 4 ˛ 5 PmY-Iƒ \hw-_¿ ˛ Unkw-_¿ amk-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø-Ww. CXns‚ aps∂m-cp° {]h¿Ø-\-߃˛ kv{In]v‰v Iymºv, ]cn-io-e\w F∂nh HIvtSm-_¿˛ \hw-_¿ BZyw ]q¿Øn-bm-I-Ww. ]Z-bm-{X-tbm-sSm-∏hpw Hcp Iemkw- L w k©- c n- ° pw. PmY- s b- Ø p- ∂ - X n\p apºmbn Iem- k w- L w, kwKoX inev]w, sNdp kvIn‰p-Iƒ F∂nh Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pw.
{]Nm-cWw Imsºbv\v hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ {]Nm-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Nphsc-gp-Øv, t]mÿ, _m\¿, t\m´o-kv, {Kma-]{Xw XpS-ßn-b-hbv°p ]pdsa taJem PmY-Iƒ, ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ tI{µo-I-cn®v hnfw-_c PmY-Iƒ, C‚¿s\‰v hgn-bp≈ {]Nm-c-W-߃, Sn. hn., a‰p ]{Xam[y-a-߃ hgnbp≈ {]Nm-c-W-߃ XpS-ßn-bh {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.
]Z-bm{X Imsºbvs‚ H∂mw-L´w kwÿm\ Xe-Øn-ep≈ c≠p ]Z-bm{X-I-tfm-sS-bmWv kam-]n-bv°p-∂-Xv. sX°v Xncp-h-\¥]pc-Øp- \n∂pw hS°v Im™-ßm´p \n∂pw Bcw-`n-bv°p∂ ]Zbm{X Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√bnse Bep-hm-bn¬ kam-]n-bv°pw. ]Z-bm{X h≥hn-P-b-am°n Xo¿°m≥ apgp-h≥ ]cnjXv {]h¿Ø-Icpw cwK-Øn-d-ß-Ww. 15 Znhkw \S-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-hsc t\csØ Xs∂ Is≠Øn Dd-∏m-°-Ww. Hmtcm Pn√bn¬ \n∂pw Ipd-™Xv 10 t]¿ hoXw. Ipd®p Znhkw am{Xw \S-°m≥ Ign-bp∂h¿, Hcp Znhkw am{Xw \S-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-hsc enÃv sNbvXv Znhkw Xocp-am-\n®p \¬IWw ˛ F√m Znh-khpw ]Z-bm-{X-bn¬ 300 \pw 500 \pw at[y AwK-߃ D≠m-hp-sa∂v Dd∏p hcp-Ø-Ww. CXn¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 50 t]sc-¶nepw kv{XoI-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww.PmYmwKß-fpsS cPnkvt{S-j≥ \hw-_¿ 30 \v apºv ]q¿Øn-bm-°-Ww. Hcp Znhkw ]Z-bm{Xbv°v Npcp-ßn-bXv 4 kzoI-cW tI{µ-ß-fmWv D≠m-hp-I. Znhkw icm-icn 20 Intem-ao-‰¿ \S-°pw. ]Z-bm{X BI¿j-Wo-b-am-°m\pw s]men-∏n-°m-\p-ap≈ am¿§-߃ Is≠-Ø-Ww. t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xpt]mse ]Z-bm-{X-tbm-sSm-∏w Hcp sNdp Iem Sow D≠m-Ipw. Znhk kam-]\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ ]Z-bm{X FØp-∂-Xn\p aptº - 30 -
]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-bv°mw. ]Z-bm-{X-bn¬ DS-\ofw {]I-S-am-tI≠ aqUv (`mhw) ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-t‚Xpw I¿tΩm-’p-I-X-bp-tS-Xp-am-I-Ww. as‰mcp tIcfw sI´n-∏-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpsa∂ Bfl-hn-izmkw {]Zm\w sNøm≥ Ign-b-Ww. ]Z-bm{X kzoI-cW tI{µ-ß-fn¬ {]tXyI kzmKX kwLw {]h¿Øn-°W - w. A\p-_‘ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, ]pkvXI {]Nm-cWw F∂nh \S-°-Ww. kzoI-cW tI{µ-߃°p kao-]-ap≈ apgp-h≥ hoSp-Ifpw kµ¿in-°-Ww. D® tI{µ-Øn¬ D®-`-£Ww, Znhk kam-]\ tI{µØn¬ AØmgw, Xmak kuIcyw, ]nt‰∂v cmhn-esØ `£Ww F∂nh Dd-∏m-°W - w. a‰p tI{µ-ßf - n¬ Nmbbpw eLp `£-Whpw \¬I-Ww. s{]m^. Sn. ]n. Ip™n-°Æ≥, Sn. KwKm-[-c≥ F∂n-h¿ PmYm Iym]v‰≥am-cmbn {]h¿Ønbv°pw. ]Z-bm{X Cu Imº-bn-\nse {][m\ {]Nm-cW {]h¿Ø-\-amWv. AXv h≥hn-P-b-am°n Xo¿°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ IrXy-amb aps∂m-cp-°ßƒ \S-Ø-Ww. Pn√-bnse kzoI-cW tI{µ-ßsf samØ-ambn I≠v {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww . ]Z-bm{X kzoI-cWw AXv IS∂p t]mIp∂ taJ-e-I-fpsS am{Xw ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn amd-cp-Xv.
]Z-bm{Xm DZvLm-S-\hpw ˛ kam-]-\hpw ]Z-bm-{X-I-fpsS DZvLm-S\w Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØpw Im™-ßm´pw \S-°pw. Ccp ]Z-bm-{X-Ifpw P\p-hcn 30\v Bep-hm-bn¬ kam-]n-bv°pw. DZvLm-S\ ˛ kam-]\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ ]c-am-h[n {]h¿Ø-Isc ]s¶-Sp-∏n°-Ww. {]apJ hy‡n-Isf tbmK-ß-fn¬ _‘n-∏n-°-Ww. CXn-\mbn {]tXyI kzmKX kwL-߃ AXXp tI{µ-ß-fn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww.
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tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
thWw as‰mcp tIcfw Imsºbv≥ ssI]p-kvXIw ˛ I