Im‰-temKv 2011 tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv
apJ-hpc F√mhn[ km-aqly {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°pw Icp-Øp-]I - c - p-∂Xv Adn-hm-Wv. s]mXpkaq-ls - Øbpw hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-ds - bbpw Adnhns‚ Bbp-[a - W - n-bn-°p-Ib - mWv {]kn-≤o-Ic - W cwKsØ ]cn-jØv {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - psS apJy IS-a. cq]w sIm≠v H∂c ]Xn‰m≠p ]n∂n-Sp-tºm-gmWv tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv t\cn´v {]kn-≤o-Ic - WcwK-tØ°v IS∂v hcp-∂X - v. 1977 P\p-hcn H∂n\v 11 imkv{X-]p-kvXI - ß - f - psS kΩm-\s - ∏´n 8000 sk‰v {]o˛-]_ - vfn-t°-j\ - mbn {]kn-≤o-Ic - n®psIm≠mWv ]pkvXI {]kn-≤o-Ic - W cwKsØ Ac-tß-‰w. F∂m¬ 1966˛70 Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ Xs∂ imkv{X-KX - n, imkv{X-tI-cf - w, bpdo° amkn-II - ƒ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. imkv{X ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS {]Nm-cWØn¬ ]cn-jØv Hcp hnπhw Xs∂ krjvSn-®p. _p°vÃm-fp-Isf tI{μo-I-cn-®p≈ hn¬]-\°v ]Icw ]cn-jØv {]h¿Ø-I¿ hoSp-ho-Sm-¥cw Ib-dn-bp≈ ]pkvXI {]NmcWw Bcw-`n-®p. CXv Hcp ]cn-jØv ssienbpw X\n-a-bp-ambn amdn. Cßs\ sNøm≥ Imc-W-ap-≠v. imkv{X-]p-kvXI {]Nm-cWw ]cn-j-Øns\ kw_-‘n®v Bib-{]-N-mcW{]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. c≠m-a-Xmbn bqWn‰v apX¬ kwÿm\whsc-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kmº-ØnI kam-l-cWw ]pkvXI {]Nm-c-W-Øn-eqsS thWw Is≠-Øm≥. 1980 se BZysØ Iem-PmY apX¬ ]cn-j-Øns‚ _lp-P\ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn hºn® tXmXn¬ imkv{X-]p-kvXI {]Nm-cWw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p.
_me-im-kv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, t]m∏p-e¿ kb≥kv, Poh-N-cn-{Xw, ]T-\w, Kth-j-Ww, hn⁄m\ tImiw XpSßn sshhn[y-am¿∂ imJ-I-fnembn 762 ssS‰n-ep-I-fn¬ 1373 ]Xn∏v ]pkvX-I-߃ ]cn-jØv CXn-\Iw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. KW-Øn-t\msSm∏w KpW-ta∑ sa®-s∏-SpØn ]pkvX-I-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ ]cn-jØv Pm{KX ]pe¿Øm-dp-≠v. Htc ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Xs∂ ]e-]e ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ Cd-°m≥ R߃ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bXpw AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. "hmbn-®mepw hmbn-®mepw XocmØ ]pkvX-Iw', "F¥p-sIm-≠v, F¥p-sIm-≠v, F¥p-sIm-≠v', "imkv{X-Iu-Xp-Iw' XpSßn \nc-h[n ]pkvX-I-ßfpsS ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°W-°n\p tIm∏n-Iƒ CXn-\Iw {]N-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ ]pkvX-I-ßsf _me-im-kv{Xw, t]m∏p-e¿ kb≥kv, ]T-\-{K-Ÿ-߃, d^-d≥kv, CXcw F∂o -hn`m-Kß-fn-em°n Cu Im‰-tem-Kn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, A[ym-]-I¿, c£n-Xm-°ƒ, s]mXpP\-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS \n¿tem]-amb kl-I-c-W-amWv {]kn-≤o-IcW cwKsØ ]cn-jØv {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ hnP-b-Øn-\m-[m-cw. Cu kl-I-cWhpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw XpS¿∂pw R߃ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. I¨ho- \ ¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cW kanXn
]cn-jZv ]pkvX-I-߃ e`n°p∂ CS-߃
tImgn-t°mSv
Fd-Wm-Ipfw
CSp°n
tIm´bw
]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, F.sI.Pn. tdmUv, CS-∏≈n, sIm®n 682 024 ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, KSEB Izm¿´¿ \º¿ Un/ 24 hmgtØm∏v CSp°n tImf\n, ]n H CSp°n ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, sk≥{S¬ sSen-{Km^v Hm^o-kn\v kao]w, ]pfn-aqSv PwKvj≥, tIm´bw
.................
IÆq¿
]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, ]pXnb tIm´, Im™-ßmSv, Imk¿tKmUv 671 315 ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIc-f-im-kv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, Nn∑b _me-`-h\p kao]w, IÆq¿˛670 002 ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, Nme-∏pdw, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 673 002
.................
.................
Imk¿tKmUv
]me-°mSv
Xr»q¿
]cn-k-c-tI{μw
Be-∏pg
]Ø-\w-Xn´
sIm√w Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, k\m-X\w hm¿Uv, Be-∏pg ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, IS-Ω-\n´ tdmUv, ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ]cn-jZv`h≥, 159, amSw-\-S, hS-t°-hnf, sIm√w -˛691 010 ]cn-jZv`h≥, Sn.kn. 28/2772, IpXn-c-h´w tdmUv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 001
]pkvX-I-߃ X]m-en¬ e`n-°m≥ Fw H/Un Un Ab-bv°p-I {Sj-d¿, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, ]-cn-k-c-tI{μw, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tdmUv, Xr»q¿ 680 004
....................
ae-∏pdw
]cn-jZv`h≥, ]n.-_n.-Fw. tlmkv]n-‰-en\v kao]w, ao\-ßmSn ˛ 673591 ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, ap\n-kn-∏¬ _kv Ãm‚n\p kao]w, ae-∏pdw 676 505 ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, Ubd kv{So‰v, ]me-°mSv 678 001 ]cn-jZv`h≥, tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, Fw.Pn. tdmUv, Xr»q¿ 680 001 tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tdmUv, Xr»q¿ 680 004
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hb-\mSv
CX-c-hn-`mKw
kn.-Pn: P\-Iob imkv{Xw, PohnXw FUn-‰¿: Imhp-ºmbn _me-Ir-jvW≥ A[ym-]-I≥, P\-Iob imkv{X {]Nm-c-I≥, Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, {]`m-j-I≥, cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø-I≥, kwLm-S-I≥, km£-cXm {]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂n-ßs\ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ taJ-e-I-fn¬ sh´n-Øn-f-ßnb hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p kn. Pn. im¥-Ip-am-dn-t‚-Xv. At±-lØ - ns‚ kvt\l-kv]¿i-sØ-°p-dn-®v, kwLm-S\ ssh`h-sØ-°p-dn-®v, t\Xr-ti-jn-sb-°p-dn-®v, {]`m-jW NmXp-cn-sb-°p-dn-®v, cN-\m-Nmcp-X-sb-°p-dn-®v, I¿Ωti-jn-sb-°p-dn-®v, ITn-\m-≤zm-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v, £oWn100 °mØ a\o-j-sb-°p-dn-®v, ajn-h-‰mØ t]\-sb-°p-dn-®v..... Cßs\ H∂mw ]Xn∏v: \qdm-bncw Imcy-߃ At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h¿°v ]d-bmsabv 2007 \p-≠v.
188
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Adnhns‚ s]mcpƒ tUm. Fw. -]n. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ssZ\wZn\ Pohn-X-Ønse A\p-`-h-ßfpw \nco-£-W-ßfpw "Adn-hmbn cq]s∏-Sp-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v efn-Xa - mb DZm-lc - W - ß - f - n-eqsS hni-Zo-Ic - n®p Xcp∂ ]pkvX-I-amWv CXv.
30
c≠mw ]Xn∏v: Pqsse 2008 189
CX-c-hn-`mKw
kvt\l-Øns‚ `mjkmP≥
66
Adn-™-Xnepw A∏p-d-tØ°v kz]v\w ImWp∂ Nne¿ F√m-Im-e-Øp-ap-≠mbn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Cu kz]v\-ßsf `mh\m ]q¿W-amb IY-I-fm-°n-am-‰n. Aßs\-bmWv imkv{X-I¬∏nX IY-Iƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xv. sFkIv Akn-tamhv apX¬ tPm¨ Ão≥_°v hsc-bp-≈-h¿ cNn® AXoh ck-I-c-amb H≥]Xv imkv{X-I-Y-I-fpsS kam-lm-c-am-Wn-Xv.
H∂mw ]Xn∏v: HIvtSm-_¿ 2006
190
CX-c-hn-`mKw
tIcfw: cmjv{S-Øn-\p≈ Hcp dnt∏m¿´v F®v.- Un.- am-f-hob 1958 ¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ hntam-N\ ka-c-Øns‚ tIfn-sIm-´p-b¿∂ ka-bØv tIcf k¿°m-cn-s\-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw kq£va-ambn ]Tn-®v, A]-{K-Yn®v tIm¨{Kkv t\Xm-hmb F®v. Un. amf-hob Fgp-Xnb Hcp dnt∏m¿´mWv "tIcfw: cmjv{S-Øn-\p≈ Hcp dnt∏m¿´v.' ""]´n-Wn-°m-cmb P\100 tIm-Sn-I-fpsS D∂-a-\-tØmSv {]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cmb ]ptcm-K-a-\-i-‡n-I-fpsS sFIy-Øn-t‚-Xm-bn-cn°pw C¥y-bpsS ]mX. A¥n-a-hn-Pbw Ah-cpc≠mw ]Xn∏v: tS-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.'' Cßs\ AkμnKv[-ambn {]kvXm-hn-°p∂ Cu {KŸw C∂pw Gsd {]k-‡-am-Wv. Pqsse 2009
191
CX-c-hn-`mKw
am\h an{Xw kpt_m[v PmhtU°¿ hnh. s{]m^. Imfn-bØv Zmtam-Z-c≥ ""Pm-h-tU-°¿ km-ln-Xy''Øn-s‚ ap-J-ap-{Z-sb-∂v hn-ti-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ am-\-hnI-X-bn¬ hn-cn-™p \n¬-°p-∂ im-kv-{X-t_m-[-Øn-s‚ D-Ø-a \n-Z¿-i-I-am-Wv am\-h-an-{Xw. Pm-h-tU-°-dp-sS im-kv-{X-I-Y-I-fnep-S-\o-fw Xp-Sn-®p \n¬-°p-∂ k-tμiw am-\h - n-IX - b - n-e[ - n-jvTn-Xa - m-b im-kv{- X-km-t¶-Xn-I ]p-tcm-KX - n-bm-Wv \-ap-°m40 h-iyw F-∂-s{X. im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ ]p-tcm-K-Xn-s°m-∏w \-S-°p-∂ \m-\m hn-[-Øn-ep-≈ kw-lm-c-{]-{In-b-sb-bpw a-\p-jy-s‚ kzm¿-∞-X-sb-bpw H∂mw ]Xn∏v: Nq-jW - Xr-jvW - s - b-bpw h-fs - c I-em-flI - a - m-bn Cu IrXn A\mHIvtSm-_¿ 2006 h-cWw sNøp-∂p. 192
CX-c-hn-`mKw
A`n-\-b-Øns‚ lcn:{io tUm. ]n.- Fw. tPmk^v hfsc ]pcmX-\-Imew sXm´v Xs∂ `mc-X-Øn¬ X\-Xmb Hcp A`n-\-bssi-enbpw \mSIkt¶-Xhpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mSy-imkv{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv `mc-Xob \mSI k¶¬∏-߃ hnI-kn-®-Xv. `mc-Xob \mSy-kt- ¶-Xß - sf A[n-Ic - n®v cNn-°s - ∏-´n-´p≈ {KŸ-amWv A`n-\b - Ø - ns‚ lcn:{io. \mS-I-cw-KØv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°pw, {]tXy-In®v _me-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bpambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°pw CXv Hcp ssI]p-kvX-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. c≠mw
52
]Xn∏v: HIvtSm-_¿ 2006
193
CX-c-hn-`mKw
BtKm-f-hXv°-c-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb ta®n¬∏p-d-߃ -Sn.- ]n. Ip™n°Æ≥
45
BtKm-fh - X - v°c - W \b-߃ C∂v \S-∏m-°p∂ ]pXnb taJ-eI - s - fbpw {]iv\ß-sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Capital Convertability (aq-e-[\ kzX{¥ hn\nabw), FRBM \nb-aw, 12˛mw [\-Imcy IΩo-j≥, 11˛mw ]≤-Xn, IpSn-sh≈ hnev]-\, kzbwklmb kwLw F∂n-ß-s\....
H∂mw ]Xn∏v: HIvtSm-_¿ 2006
194
CX-c-hn-`mKw
{]Xn_≤XbpsS KmYIƒ Fkv. {]`mIc≥ \mb¿ k-aq-lØ - n-s‚ ]n-∂m-ºp-dt- Ø-bv° - v X-≈n-am-‰s - ∏-Sp-∂ P-\h - n-`m-Kß - t- fm-Sv sFIy-s∏-Sm-\pw A-h¿-°v th-≠n i-_v-Zn-°m-\pw F-kv.]n.F≥ F-∂pw {i-≤n-®p-t]m∂p. km-aq-ln-I-am-b A-k-a-Xz-߃-°pw, A-\o-Xn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-sc A-t±-l-Øns‚ lr-Z-b-Øn¬\n-∂pw ]-X-™p-b-cp-∂ A-kw-Xr-]v-Xn-bpw tcm-j-hpw Cu c-N-\-I-fp-sS Xn-f-°-hpw I-cp-Øpw h¿-≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. H∂mw
75
]Xn∏v: BKÃv 2004
195
CX-c-hn-`mKw
BtcmKytaJebpsS hmWnPyh¬°cWw ]cn`mj: ]n. ca
35
P\kzmkvXyk`bv°v th≠n \mjW¬ tImUnt\j≥ IΩn‰n Xømdm°nb ]pkvXIØns‚ ]cn`mj. BtcmKy kwc£W taJebpsS kzImcyh¬°cWw Db¿Øp∂ ss\XnI {]iv\߃ N¿® sNøp∂p.
H∂mw ]Xn∏v: HIvtSm-_¿ 2001
196
CXc hn`mKw
]ptcm-K-a\ hnZym-`ymk Nn¥-I¿ -]n. h - n. ]pcp-tjm-Øa - ≥ AXXp ImesØ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ inip-hncp-≤hpw kmaqly hncp-≤-hp-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf FXn¿Øv tXm¬∏n-°m≥ {ian® 12 hnZym-`ymk Nn¥-I-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hyXy-kvX-amb IrXn. sImta-\n-bkv apX¬ Km¿Un-\¿ hsc-bp≈ Ch-cpsS Bi-b-߃ tIc-f-Ønse ]ptcm-K-a\ hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-I¿°v IcpØpw shfn-®-hp-am-Ipw. c≠mw
65
]Xn∏v: Pq¨ 2008
197
CX-c-hn-`mKw
BZnhmkn kacØns‚ A¿∞m¥c߃: apØßm kacØns‚ ]›mØeØn¬ Hc]{KY\w. tUm. sI.- F≥. KtW-iv, tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬, s{]m^. Fw.- sI. {]kmZv ImSns‚ a°fpsS {]iv\ßfpw Ah¿ \SØnb InS∏mSØn\p th≠nbp≈ kacßfpw ]et∏mgmbn tIcf k¿°m¿ \SØnb ]cnlmc {iaßfpw, BZnhmknIsf ]p\c[nhkn∏n°p∂Xn\mbn imkv { XkmlnXy 65 ]cnjØns‚ \n¿t±ißfpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ teJ\ßfpsS H∂mw ]Xn∏v: kamlmcamWv Cu ]pkvXIw.
G{]n¬ 2003
198
CX-c-hn-`mKw
hntKm-SvkvInbpw hnZym-`ym-khpw ]n hn ]pcp-tjm-Øa - ≥ temI-amsI hnZym-`ymk a\x-im-kv{XsØ Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-fpsS DS-a-bmWv djy≥ a\x-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb sehv hntKmSvkvIn. hnZym-`ymkw kmaq-lyhpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ih - p-amb Hcp {]{In-bb - mbn I≠p F∂-XmWv At±-l-Øns‚ apJy khn-ti-j-X. ZPD kmwkvIm-cnI D]-I-c-W80 ߃, \n¿Wm-bI hf¿®m L´-߃, a[y-h¿Ø-\w, imkv{Xob [mc-W-IfpsS hnIm-kw, Db¿∂ am\-knI {]{In-b-Iƒ, kl-h¿ØnX]T\w XpS-ßnb hntKm-SvkvIn-b≥ Bi-b-߃ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ XmXznc≠mw ]Xn∏v: Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb hi-ß-fn¬ C∂v sNep-Øn-s°mUnkw-_¿ 2010 199 ≠n-cn-°p∂ kzm[o\w \n¿Wm-b-I-am-Wv.
CX-c-hn-`mKw
thZ-ß-fpsS \mSv C.- Fw.- Fkv
30
]p-cm-X-\ `m-c-Xo-b kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ Zo-]v-X-hpw C-cp-f-S-™-Xp-am-b h-i-ßsf hn-a¿-i-\m-fl-I-am-bn t\m-°n-°m-Wm-\p-≈ H-cp {i-a-am-Wv th-Z-ß-fp-sS \m-Sv. h¿-Æ-hy-h-ÿ C-¥y≥ k-aq-l-sØ kzm-[o-\n-®-sX-ß-s\ F-∂v hn-e-bn-cpØm-\pw C.- Fw. F-kv Cu ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ {i-an-°p-∂p-≠v.
]Xn-\mdmw ]Xn∏v: am¿®v 2010
200
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Bkn-bm≥ Icmdpw kzX{¥ hym]m-chpw Sn ]n Ip™n-°-Æ≥ Bkn-bm≥ Icm-dns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ temI-hym-]mc Ncn-{X-tØbpw AhbpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-sfbpw AXn-e-S-ßnb cmjv{Sob AP-≠-I-sfbpw hni-Ie\w sNøp-I-bmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬. Bkn-bm≥ Icm-dns‚ KpW-tZm-j-ßsf-°p-dn®v N¿®-Iƒ Gsd \S∂ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ P\-]£ cmjv{Sobw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h¿°pw kmº-ØnIimkv{X hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°pw H∂mw Cu ]pkvXIw Gsd {]tbm-P-\-s∏Spw F∂v R߃ Icp-Xp-∂p.
28
]Xn∏v: HIvtSm-_¿ 2009
201
CX-c-hn-`mKw
P\-Iob ka-c-ß-fn¬ ae-_m-dns‚ s]¨]mX-Iƒ-tUm. Sn. -sI. B-\μn
60
kzmX¥y ka-c-Ønepw ae-_m-dnse kmaqly \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ß-fnepw ]pcp-j-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w ap∂n-´n-d-ßnb \nc-h[n kv{XoI-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-Ømfp-I-fn¬ th≠{X CSw In´msX t]mb B aln-f-I-sf-°p-dn-®v...
H∂mw ]Xn∏v: HIvtSm-_¿ 2006
202
CX-c-hn-`mKw
`mc-Xob Z¿i-\-Øns‚ Adn-b-s∏-SmØ apJw tUm. F≥ hn ]n DWn-Øncn `mc- X ob Z¿i- \ - Ø n- s ‚ hnhn[ [mc- I sf ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p- Ø n- s °m≠pw AXnse apJy hmZ-K-Xn-Isf hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠pw Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X45 amb Z¿-i\w Hcp \yq\-]£w Zm¿i-\n-I¿ am{Xw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®-h-bm-bncp∂p F∂v ka¿∞n-°-bmWv kwkvIr-X-]-fin-X≥ IqSn-bmb {KŸI¿Øm-hv Cu ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ sNøp-∂X - v. `mc-Xob aX]mc-ºc - y-Øn¬ \memw ]Xn∏v: {]_-e-am-bn-cp∂ _p≤ ssP\ Z¿i-\-߃ `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øn¬ sk]v‰w-_¿ 2010 203 ASn-bp-d-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw ÿm]n-°p-∂p.
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Hcp [oc-kz]v\w Icn-sh-≈q¿ apcfn
32
FÆ-a‰ {Kma-ßf - nepw sXcp-hp-If - nepw P\-e£ - ß - f - n-tebv°v Xo°m-‰p-t]mse ]S¿∂p-I-b-dnb DPze Ihn-X-Ifpw KoX-ß-fpw. {]Ir-Xn, kv{XoXzw, kzmX-{¥yw, am\-hn-I-X, hntam-N\w XpS-ßn-b al-Ømb Bi-b-߃°p-th≠n \ne-hn-fn-Ifmbn Dcp-In-bp-d® A£-c-ß-fpsS Aæ-a-g. Hcp Ime-L-´sØ ]nSn-®p-e® Zriy-cq-]-߃°m-[m-c-amb {]kn≤ KoX-ß-fpsS kam-lm-cw.
c≠mw ]Xn∏v: sk]v‰w-_¿ 2010
204
CX-c-hn-`mKw
temIw I≠-h¿ them-bp-[≥ ]¥o-cm-¶mhv \thm-∞m-\m-\-¥c bqtdm-∏n¬ hym-h-km-bn-I-hn-π-hhpw Nc-°p-Xv]m-Z-\ hy-hÿ - bpw bmYm¿Yy-am-bt- XmsS ]pXn-b \mSp-Iƒ tXSn-bp≈ bm{XIƒ A\nhmcyambn-Øo¿∂p. Nc-°p-Iƒ hn-‰g- n-°W - w. Nc-°p-Xv]m-Z\ - Ø - n\v Akw-kvIrX hkvXp-°ƒ thWw. CXmWv \mhnI ]cy-th£-W-߃-°p≈ {]tNm-Z-\-am-bnØo¿∂-Xv. CXv km{am-PyXz bpK-Øn\v hgn-Xp-d-∂p. AtX kabw a\p-jys‚ Adn-hns‚ taJe hn]p-e-am-bn. B \mhn-I-bm-{X-I-fpsS kml-kn-Ihpw DtZz-K-`-cn-X-hp-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv Cu IrXn ]¶phbv°p-∂-Xv. c≠mw
60
]Xn∏v: Pqsse 2010
205
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Ifnbpw Imcyhpw Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿
110
Cu ]pkvXI - Ø - n-eqsS {]h¿Øn®v apt∂-dp-tºmƒ \mw I≠n-´n-√mØ sIm®pc-l-ky-ß-fn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ ]Xn-bpw. CXn¬ \n¿am-W-ap≠v; sIm®p ]co-£-W-ß-fp≠v; k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpsS _lp-hn[ km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. Cu A\p-`h-߃ Nn¥bv°v hgn-sh-°pw. AX-h¿°v ]pXnb At\z-j-W-߃°v t{]cI-am-hpw.
Bdmw ]Xn∏v: P\phcn 2010
206
CX-c-hn-`mKw
]pXnb hnZym-`ymk \b-k-ao-]-\-ßfpw tIc-fhpw tI{μ˛kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ kao-]-Im-eØv kzoI-cn-®p-h-cp∂ \bkao]-\-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn hnZym-`ymk cwKØv ]e-hn[ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-߃ h∂psIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv. Chsb KpW-tZmj hnNn-¥\w sNøp-I-bmWv Cu eLp {KŸ-Øn-eqsS.
35
H∂mw ]Xn∏v: s^{_p-hcn 2010 207
CX-c-hn-`mKw
tIymt´m apX¬ tIm∏≥tl-K≥ hsc s{]m^. sI B¿ P\m¿Z-\≥ tIm∏≥tl-K-\n¬ \S∂ Imem-hÿm D®-tImSn Imcy-amb Xocp-am-\-sam∂p-ap-≠m-ImsX ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ BtKm-f-Xm-]\w kw_‘n®v \S∂ A¥m-cmjv{S N¿®-I-fpsS kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb A¥¿[m-c-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpIbmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬. AtXm-sSm∏w \oXn-]q¿h-I-amb Hcp hnI-k\ coXn hf¿∂p-h-tc-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂p. BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-Øns‚ imkv{Xo-b-Xew IqSn hni60 Z-am-°p∂ Cu ]pkvXIw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS cmjv{Sobw a\- n-em-°m≥ H∂mw ]Xn∏v: {ian-°p∂ cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø-I¿°pw ]cn-ÿnXn {]h¿Øsk]v‰w-_¿ 2010 I¿°pw Gsd {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-w.
208
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Keo-entbm Hcp Pohn-X-IY s_¿tØmƒUv s{_lv‰v hnh¿Ø\w: sI sI IrjvWI - p-am¿ hniz-{]-kn≤ \mS-I-Ir-Ømb s_¿tØmƒUv s{_lv‰v cNn® Life of Galelio 100 F∂ \mS-I-Øns‚ ]q¿W-cq]w BZy-ambn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ""imkv{X-⁄s‚ kmaq-tlym-Øc - h - m-Zn-Xzhpw imkv{X-Øns‚ ss\Xnaq∂mw ]Xn∏v: I-Xbpw {]iv\-ß-fmbn XpS-cp-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew ""Keo-entbm''hnse ka-ky-Ifpw kao-]-\-ßfpw {]k-‡-ambn XpS-cpw. Pqsse 2010
209
CX-c-hn-`mKw
]mXn-bm-Im-i-Øn-∂p-S-a-Iƒ FUn-‰¿: sI sI IrjvW-Ip-am¿
22
am\-hc - m-in-bpsS ]mXn-tbmfw hcp∂ kv{XoIƒ°v t\cn-tS-≠n-hc - p∂ ISpØ Nqj-Whpw bmX-\bpw I≠n-s√∂p \Sn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp kaq-l-Øn\pw apt∂dpI km[y-a-√. kmaq-ly-hn-π-h-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ GsXmcp ]cn-{i-a-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-iy-L-S-I-am-hWw kv{XobpsS kzmX-{¥y-Øn\pw ka-Xz-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-´w. Cu {]iv\w tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn\p ap∂n¬ Kuc-h-]q¿hw AhX-cn-∏n-°pI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS ]cn-jØv {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°p∂ ]pkvXI ]c-º-c-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-XmWv Cu IhnXm kam-lm-cw.
c≠mw ]Xn∏v: sk]v‰w-_¿ 2010
210
CX-c-hn-`mKw
]pXnb hmb\ efnXm se\n≥ hmb\ F¥n-\p-th-≠n-bm-sW-∂pw, hcn-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS Fßs\ hmbn°m-sa∂pw AXoh efn-X-ambn {ioaXn efnXm se\n≥ Cu sNdp]pkvX-I-ØneqsS \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]pXnb A¿∞-X-e-߃ tXSn-bp≈ hmb-\, hmMvab Nn{X-߃ a\- n¬ tImdn-bn´psIm≠v ]ptcm-Ka - n-°p∂ hmb-\, kv{Xo]£Øp\n∂p≈ hmb-\ Cßs\ FÆ-a‰ cq]-ß-fn¬ hmb-\sb ASp-Ødn-bm≥ "]pXnb hmb\' \ap°v hgn ImWn-°p-∂p.
30
aq∂mw ]Xn∏v: Pqsse 2010 211
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Xpd∂ ¢mkvapdn sI Sn am¿K-c‰v ]cn-`mj: F sI sambvXo≥ ap∏Xv h¿j-Øn-e[ - nIw A[ym-]n-Ib - mbn {]h¿Øn® sI Sn am¿K-c‰v Pohn-XwHcp Xpd∂ ¢mkvap-dn-bm-sW∂pw hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb Hmtcm-cp-Øc - p-tSbpw PohnX-Ønse \nc-¥c {]{In-b-bm-sW∂pw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. _mw•q¿ \K-c-Øn¬ Xangv IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cmb sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS a°ƒ°n-Sbnse Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø\w hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ti-jn-°p≈ Bth-i-I-c-amb A\p-`-h-km-£y-amWv. hnZym-`ymk Xev]-c-cmb GsXm120 cmfpw Ahiyw hmbn-®n-cn-t°≠XmWo ]pkvX-Iw. AXv A[ym-]-\H∂mw ]Xn∏v: Øn¬ ]pXnb Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ \¬Ipw. Xo¿®.
BKÃv 2009
212
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Ifn-bq-™m¬ {]o kvIqfp-I-fn¬ Hcp-t°≠ A\p-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v imkv{Xob [mc-WIƒ \¬Ip∂ D]m-[n-Iƒ C∂v hnc-f-am-Wv. {]o kvIqƒ A[ym-]nI t\cn-Sp∂ _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw CXp-X-s∂. Cu cwK-Øv t\cn-´n-S-]-g-In-b-t∏mƒ kn≤n® A\p-`h-⁄m-\hpw D≠m-bn-h∂ A\n-hm-cy-X-I-fp-amWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ cq]oI-c-W-Øn-te°v \bn-®-Xv.
110
c≠mw ]Xn∏v: sk]v‰w-_¿ 2009 213
CX-c-hn-`mKw
\bo-Xm-eo-ans‚ IY tkhm{Kmw hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ AºXv h¿jw 1937-˛1987 am¿Pdo sskIvkv, ]cn-`mj: Fw ]n ]c-ta-iz-c≥ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS hnZym-`ymk Z¿i-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]‰nb \s√mcp ]T\ kma-{Kn-bmWv tkhm-{Km-an¬ A[ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂ am¿Pdo sskIvkns‚ Cu ]pkvX-Iw. tkhm-{Km-an¬ \S∂ hnZym-`ymk ]co-£-Wß-fpsS Ncn{X hnh-cWw am{X-a√ Cu ]pkvX-Iw. Ah-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ 75 {KŸ-I¿{Xn-bpsS hnNn-¥-\-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw IqSn CXn¬ H∂mw ]Xn∏v: ImWmw. hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-I¿ Ahiyw hmbn-®n-cn-t°≠ Hcp ]pkvX-Iw. P\p-hcn 2011
214
CX-c-hn-`mKw
I¬∏-\-bpsS ams‰men kv{Xo]p-cp-j-t`-Zhpw BZy-Ime ae-bmfn kv{Xoc-N-\-Ifpw 1898˛1938 FUn-‰¿: sP tZhnI Her-Self: Early Writings of Malayalee Women on Gender 1898-1938 F∂ t]cn¬ Cw-•o--jn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ ]pkvX-I-Ønse aqe teJ-\-ß-fmWv 120 Cu kam-lm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n-°p-apºv tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXp CSß-fn¬ enwK-t`-Zm-Z¿i-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v H´-\-h[n kv{XoIƒ C{Xbpw i‡-amb kwhm-Zß - f - p-b¿Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv \Ωn¬ ]e¿°pw ]pXnH∂mw ]Xn∏v: sbm-cd- n-hm-bn-cn-°pw. tIc-f- Ncn-{X-Øn¬ A¿l-amb CSw e`nP\p-hcn 2011 °msX t]mb Cu cN- \ - I ƒ F√m ae- b mfn hmb- \ 215 °m¿°pw D]-Im-c{- ]-Za - m-hp-sa∂v ]cn-jØv Icp-Xp-∂p.
CX-c-hn-`mKw
kv{XoIfpw \nb-ahpw B¿ cm[m-Ir-jW v ≥
75
hy‡n-\n-b-a-߃, ]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Imi \nb-a-߃, hnhm-l-˛-hn-hm-l-tam-N\ \nb-a-߃ XpS-ßn-b-hsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah-bnse kv{Xohncp≤ hi-ßsf Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m\pw Cu ]pkvXIw {ian-°p∂p. H∏w Km¿lnI ]oU-\Ø - n¬ \n∂pw kv{XoIsf kwc-£n-°p∂ \nbaw, kv{XoIsf tami-am-bn Nn{Xo-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ \nbaw XpS-ßn-bh - bpw N¿®m- hn-jb - a - m-°p-∂p. \nb-a-Øns‚ k¶o¿W-X-I-fn-√msX efn-X-amb `mj-bn¬ kwh-Zn°p∂ {]Xn-]m-Z-\-coXn F√m hmb-\-°m-tcbpw BI¿jn-°p-∂]Xn∏v: Xm-Wv.
H∂mw P\phcn 2011
216
CX-c-hn-`mKw
Ata-cn-≥ sFIy\mSp-I-fpsS P\-Iob Ncn{Xw slmhm¿Uv kn≥ Ata-cn-°≥ Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw anI® cm{„-ao-amw-k-I-\p-amb tUm. slmhm¿Uv kn≥ cNn® A People's History of United States F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`m650 j. Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ km[m-cW Ncn-{X-c-N-\sb kao-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-amb ho£-W-tØmsS Ata-cn-°≥ Ncn-{XsØ slmhm¿Uv kn≥ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂p. km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ hn´p-I-f-bp-Itbm Xa-kvI-cnH∂mw ]Xn∏v: °-s∏-Sp-∂tXm Bb Ata-cn-°≥ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ D≈-dI - f - n-te°v HIv tSm-_¿ 2010 kn≥ shfn®w hoip-∂p-≠v.
217
CX-c-hn-`mKw
tIcfw: hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ ]S-hp-Iƒ
125
AJn-te¥ym P\-Iob imkv{X irwJe-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ tImgn-t°mSv kwL-Sn-∏n® tZiob hnZym-`ymk Akw-ªn-tbm-S\ - p-_‘ - n®v Xøm-dm-°nb hnZym`ymk {]Z¿i-\-Øns‚ ]pkvX-I-cq-]-am-Wn-Xv. P\-Iob hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\m-bp≈ tIc-f-Øns‚ t]mcm´ Ncn{Xw 80 ]m\-epI-fn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
H∂mw ]Xn∏v: s^{_phcn 2009
218
219