Sastragathi 2012 March by Friends of KSSP UAE

2012 am¿®v

hmeyw 47

tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØv

e°w 9

Ih¿tÃmdn:

sXmgnepw hnZym`ymkhpw

kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ym-khpw sXmgnepw ]n.-]n. KtW-i≥

sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\hpw hnZym-`ym-khpw s{]m^. sI. {io[-c≥

_ncp-Z- hn-Zym-`ymkcwKw ]It]m°¬ BtcmSv? s{]m^. Sn.]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥

sXmgnepw hnZym-`ym-khpw 6

KWn-Xh - ¿jw F¥n\v?

kn.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥

tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

P\n-XIkºØv hnizss]-XrIw

tUm. sI.Un. {]Xm]≥

bqtdm∏nse a[yImeL´w B[m¿: hkvXp-X-Iƒ hna¿i-\-ßƒ kpIpam-c≥ C.sI.

Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥: a\p-jys‚ kz¥w bpKw

kn.-hn. N{μ≥

apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°mbn Hcp \nb-aw

imkv-{X-U-bdn F≥.-F-kv. Acp¨Ip-am¿

Im¿´q¨ ]w‡n: lc-W-^ew sI. kXojv

AUz. sI.-]n. chn-{]-Imiv

imkv{X-hm¿Ø tUm.- Fw.-B¿. kpZ¿i-\-Ip-am¿

FUn-‰¿ : B¿.-hn.Pn.- tat\m≥, amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ : sI. cm[≥ FIvkn-Iyp´ohv FUn-‰¿: B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW-≥, Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿: ]n. kptc-jv ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn: s{]m^. sI.-B¿ P\m¿Z\≥, s{]m^. Sn.-]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥, s{]m^. sI. ]m∏q´n Sn. cm[m-a-Wn, kn.-hn. N{μ≥, tUm. B¿.-_n. cmP-e£van, tUm. sI. cmPvtam-l≥, tUm. sI. hnP-b-Ip-am¿ tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬, B¿. KncojvvIp-am¿, AUz. Sn. Ko\m-Ip-amcn, hn.-ss_-Pp, ]n. {]Im-i≥ Nn{Xo-I-cWw: sI. kXojv Ih¿ & teHu´v: ]n. {]Zo]v ssS∏v sk‰nMv: hn[p. ]n.-Fkv hnemkw

FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KX - n, Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw ˛ 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 2475668. C sa-bn¬ sasthragathy@gmail.com amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KXn, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 673 002 t^m¨ : 2701919, C sa-bn¬ ksspmagazine@gmail.com H‰-{]Xn : 12 cq] ˛ hm¿jn-I-h-cn-kwJy : 125 cq] teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv; imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√. kμ¿in°pI: www.kssp.in

IØp-Iƒ

kz]v\-Po-hn-I-fpsS aqV-kz¿Kw P\p-hcn e°w imkv{X-KXn \∂m- amWv ]I¿®-hym-[n-Ifpw inip-ac- W - ß - fpw \n-ebw th≠ Fs∂-√mw ap{Zm-hmIyw bn-´p≠v. Pe-sØbpw cmk-hk - X v p-°sfbpw Du¿P-sØbpw hnth-N\ _p≤n-tbmsS kao-]n-°p-∂-X-c-Ønep≈ ]e teJ-\ß - fpw B e°Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv kt¥m-jI - c - a- mb A\p-`h - a- m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp teJ-\Ø - n¬ {]kvXm-hn-°p∂-Xp-t]mse ]Xn-\m-bncw h¿jßƒ°-∏pdw Irjn I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xn-\p-apºv temI-P\ - k - wJy Aº-Xpe£w am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-ßfpw aX- ß fpw tN¿∂v temIw `cn® Ccp≠ Ime-L-´-apƒs∏-sS-bp≈ H≥]Xp kl- { km- _ v Z - ß - f nse samØw IW-s°-Sp-Ømepw ssZhw A\p- { K- l n- ® p- ≠ mb P\- k wJym h¿[\ \qdp-tIm-Sn-bnepw Xmsg-bm-W.v BtcmKy imkv{X-cw-KsØ apt∂-‰-

{]k-h-ar-Xyphpw \nb-{¥n®v Ccp-∂qdp h¿j-ßƒsIm≠v P\-kw-Jysb \qdp-tImSn-bn¬ \n∂v Fgp-∂qdp tImSn-bn-se-Øn®-Xv. Cu P\-Xsb Xo‰n-t∏m-‰m≥ Ign™Xv h≥In-Sbpw sNdp-In-Sb - p-amb AWs°-´p-If - n-eqsS Pe-hn-`hw \nb-{¥n-®pw IoS-\m-in-\n-If - p-sSbpw cmk-hf - ß - f - p-sSbpw D]-tbm-KØ - n-eqsS hnf-Iƒ \nb-{¥n-®pw DXv]m-Z\ - t- i-jn-bp≈ hnØp-If - p-≠m-°nbpw, `t£ym-Xv]m-Z\w h¿[n-∏n-®X - n-eq-sSbm-W.v C∂v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Akzm-`m-hn-Ia-cW - ß - ƒ KXm-KX - c - w-KØ - m-W.v NX™pw Ac™pw InS-°p∂ A]-I-S-cw-K-ßƒ ]I¿Øn {]kn-≤o-Ic - n®v hml-\ß - fpw tdmUp-Ifpw \ntcm-[n-°W - s - a∂v Bcpw ]d-bm-Ø-sX-¥m-Wv. AW-s°-´p-Iƒ th≠, Xm]-\n-eb - ß - ƒ th≠, BW-h-

hnfn-°p-∂h - ¿ Ac-aW - n-°q¿ ]h¿°´p kln-°ptam? samss_¬ Sh-dn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿ "td©n- \ p- ] p- d ØmWv' F∂ Adn-bn∏v kk-t¥mjw {ihn-°ptam? GXn-s‚bpw hnth-N\ - c - ln-Xa - mb D]-tbm-Ka - mWv \nb-{¥n-t°≠-Xv. a\p-jys‚ kzm¿∞XIƒ°v DØ-ch - mZn imkv{X-a√ - . B[p-\n-IX-bpsS thj-`q-jm-Zn-Isf√mw Dcn-™p-If™v Aºpw hn√psa-SpØv h\m-¥c - ß - f - n-te°p IpSn-tbdpI F∂ kz]v\w ImWp-∂h - ¿ aqVkz¿K-Øn-em-Wv. AØcw kz]v\P - o-hnI-fpsS Xocp-am-\ß - ƒ°v kaq-lsØ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv imkv{X-Nn-¥bv°v A\p-tbm-Py-amtWm F∂-XmWv Ah-[m\-Xt- bmsS Btem-Nn-t°-≠X - .v kn. cma-N{- μ≥ IS-h{- ¥,- sIm-®n.

s]cn-bm¿ ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ s]cn-bmsd s]cn-bmsd ]¿h-X\ - n-c- k¶p-NnX XmXv]c- y-sa-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ch-cpsS bpsS ]\n-\o-tc... F∂ hb-em-dns‚ hcn-Iƒ ae-bm-fnsb B\-μØ - ns‚ \n¿hr-Xn-bn-se-Øn-°m-dp-≠v. C∂v s]cn-bm¿ F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ GsXmcmfp-sSbpw a\- n¬ òXn-bp-sSbpw, DtZz-KØ - n-s‚bpw Icn-\n-g¬ hogpI-bm-W.v \qdn-e[ - nIw ]g-°a - p≈ ap√s∏-cn-bm¿ Umw AXns‚ hm¿[-Iy-kl-Pa - mb e£-Wß - ƒ Hs∂m-∂mbn Imń-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wt- √m. 1979˛¬ KpP-dm-Ønse tam¿hn AW-s°´v XI¿∂v 2500-˛H - mfw Poh≥ A]-lc - n°-s∏´p F∂Xpw \ap°v hnkvac - n-°m\m-In-√. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ tIc-fØnse apgp-h≥ cmjv{Sob I£n-Ifpw Htc kzc-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p ap√-s∏-cnbm¿ Umw A]-IS- Ø - n-em-sW-∂.v adn®v Xangv\ - mńse cmjv{Sob ]m¿ń-Iƒ H‰s°-´mbn ]d-bp∂p ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿ Uman\v _e-£b - a - n-s√-∂v. Xan-gv\mSv `cn-°p-∂Xv {]mtZ-inI I£n-If - m-sW¶nepw C¥y-bnseØs∂ {]apJ cmjv{Sob I£n-If - psS Xan-g\ v mSv LSIhpw Hcp tZiob ImgvN∏ - m-Sn-√msX

cmjv{Sob ho£-Wa- mWv tNmZyw sNø-s∏Sp-∂s - X∂v Ch¿ Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂n√. c≠v kwÿm-\ß - ƒ XΩn¬ Ie-ln°p-Ibpw A{I-aØ - n-te°v \oßp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, A{Iaw \n¿Øn kam-[m\ A¥-co£w krjvSn-°pI F∂m¬ CS-s]Sm-sa∂ \ΩpsS {][m-\a- {- ¥n-bpsS {]kvXmh\ Hcp t\gvkdn \ne-hm-ca - p≈ Xam-ibmtb ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. C¥y Hcp s^U-d¬ kwhn-[m\w \ne-\n¬°p∂ cmPy-am-Wv. CXn¬ GsX-¶nepw kwÿm\-ßƒ XΩn¬ Ie-lß - tfm Iem-]ß - tfm D≠m- I p- t ºmƒ CS- s ]´v ]cn- l mcw ImtW≠ tI{μ k¿°m-cns‚ Xe-h\ - mb {][m-\a - {¥n XnI™ \n w-KX - t- bmsS tImS-Xn-bpsS Xocp-am-\Ø - n\v hn´n-cn-°b - mW-t√m?. Cu Xocp-am-\-tØmsS tI{μk¿°m-cns‚ {]k‡n Xs∂ \jvSs - ∏-SpI-bm-W.v {Ia-ka - m-[m-\hpw Ielßfpw \nb-{¥n-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\a - √ tImSXn. \ΩpsS Fgp-Xs - ∏´ \nb-aß - ƒ `c-WI - qShpw P\-ßfpw ]men-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw Dd-∏p-hc- p-Øp-Ib - p-amWv tImS-Xn-bpsS [¿aw.

ChnsS \Ωƒ°v ac-W`- b - hpw Xangv\m-Sn\v Poh-P-e-hp-amWv {]iv\w. c≠n\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb {]m[m-\y-ap-≠pXm-\pw. h¿j-Øn¬ 6 amk-tØmfw ag e`n-°p∂ ae-bm-fn°v sh≈-Øns‚ hneb-dn-bn-√. C∂v sNSn-®´- n-bn¬t∏mepw Aev]w ]®-°dn \´p-hf - ¿Øm≥ aebmfn Xbm-dn-√. F¶nepw \Ωƒ Xangv\m-Sn\v \¬Ip∂ sh≈-Øns‚ tIm¬ Afhv IW-°m°n XS- s - ∏-Sp-Øm\pw {ian-°p-∂p. Xangv P\-Xb - m-Is´ Aaqey-amb Pew D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-SpØn ]mSØv "kz¿Ww' hnf-bn-°p-∂p. CXv I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-°m≥ Hcp ae-bm-fn°pw ]‰p-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AhcpsS Bi-¶I - f - I - ‰- n-s°m-≠p≈ Hcp Peam-t\-Ps v a‚ v tI{μ-k¿°m¿ Xbm-dm°n {]iv \ w cay- a mbn ]cn- l - c n- ° m≥ XmXv]cyw ImWn-°W - w. ]\n-\o-cn-\pt]mepw F√m-Im-eØpw ]\n-\o-cmbn XpScm≥ H°n√ F∂ {]IrXn \n¿≤m-cW - \n-baw a\p-jy-\n¿an-Xa - mb AW-s°´n\pw _m[-Ia - m-W.v \n w-KX {]iv\w hj-fm-°p-Itb D≈q. F. lcn-Zm-k≥, ]pXp-∏-Ww. am¿®v 2012

apJ-°p-dn∏v am¿®v 2012

]nt∂m-´Sn-°p∂ ]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒ tIcf hnZym-`ymk cwK-Øns‚ Zu¿`m-Ky-ß-fn¬ H∂v k¿°m-cp-Iƒ amdp-tºmƒ hnZym-`ymk cwKØv \S-°p∂ Agn-®p-]-Wn-Iƒ BWv. hyXykvX cmjv{Sob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ D≈-h¿°v hnZym-`ym-k-sØ-∏‰n hyXykvX \b-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc a\- n-em-°mw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw {]Xy-b-imkv{X {]iv\ßƒ am‰n-h®v XnI®pw A°m-Za - n-Ia - mb Imcy-ßf - n-se-¶nepw Hcp tbmPn-∏n-seØn XpS¿® Dd-∏m-°m≥ Igntb-≠-Xt√? ]t£, ]e-t∏mgpw \b-a√ {]iv\w BIp-∂Xv F∂v tXm∂p-∂p. Hcp \b-Øn-s‚bpw ASnÿm-\-Øn-e-√m-sX, shdpw \n£n]vX XmXv]-cy-°m-cpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv ]e {]iv\ß - ƒ°pw ]n∂n¬. ]mTy-]≤ - Xn ]cn-jvIc - W - I - m-eØv Hcp-Xh - W k¿°m¿ amdn-bt- ∏mƒ s]mSp-∂s\, A®-Sn®p h®n-cp∂ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ H´msI Nh-‰p-Ip-´-bn¬ Fdn-™Xv Hcp \b-Øn-s‚bpw `mKw Bbncp-∂n-√-t√m. Iptd Ign-™-t∏mƒ \√ _p≤n DZn-°p-Ibpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fpsS ]cn-jvImcw GXm≠v AtX-t∏mse Xs∂ XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]hr-Xyp-∑pJ t_m[-\s - Øbpw t{KUn-ßn-s\bpw ]co£m ]cnjvIc - W - s - Øbpw FXn¿Ø-h¿ ]n∂oSv CtX kwK-Xn-Iƒ Xs∂ kn.-_n.-Fk - .v C - . \S-∏m-°n-bt- ∏mƒ FXn¿∏n√msX A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xpw \mw I≠p. CsXms° ImWn-°p-∂Xv Cu FXn¿∏p-Iƒ GsX-¶nepw \b-Øns‚tbm A°m-Za - nI ImgvN∏ - m-Sn-s‚tbm ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-e√ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv F∂m-Wv. Ct∏mƒ tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-Ie - m-im-eb - n¬ _ncp-ZX - eØnse H∂mw ska-Ã¿ ]co£ h¿jm-hk - m\w \S-Øn-bm¬ aXn F∂ Xe-Xn-cn™ Xocp-am-\hpw Cubn-\-Øn¬ s]´-Xm-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Fs¥∂m¬, k¿°m-cns\ D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ D]-tZ-in-t°≠ lb¿ FUyq-t°-j≥ Iu¨kn¬ Cu hnjbw ]Tn-°m-\mbn Hcp IΩn-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn-®nt´ D≈q. Ah-cpsS ]T\ dnt∏m¿´v CXp-hsc h∂n-´p-an-√. AXn-\v apºpXs∂ ska-Ã¿ k{º-Zm-b-Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amb Cu Xocp-am\w Hcp k¿h-I-em-ime Fßs\ FSpØp? hf-sc-tbsd N¿®-Iƒ°pw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ°pw tij-amWv tNmbnkv t_kvUv s{IUn‰v B≥Uv ska-Ã¿ knÃw \S-∏m-°m≥ Ign™ k¿°m-cns‚ ImeØv Xocpam\w D≠m-b-Xv. hfsc hn]p-e-amb A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\hpw \S-∂p. CsXms° Xmc-X-tay\ `wKn-bmbn sNbvX Hcp k¿h-I-em-ime Bbn-cp∂p tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-im-e. ]t£ AXv \S-∏m-°n-b-t∏mƒ ]e {]iv\-ßfpw D≠mbn F∂Xv AwKo-I-cn-°mw. ska-Ã¿ k{º-Zmbw A°m-Z-an-I-ambn KpW-Icw BsW∂v t_m[yw Ds≠-¶n¬ B ]mfn-®-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®v Fßs\ AXv ê-{]Zw B°mw F∂t√ Btem-Nn-t°-≠Xv? ka-bØv ]co£ \S-Øp-∂Xv BWt{X Hcp henb Iodm-ap-ń. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ \ΩpsS k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-sf√mw Xs∂ ka-bØv ]co-£-Iƒ \SØn êw {]Jym-]n-°m≥ h√msX _p≤n-ap-´p-∂p≠v F∂Xv icn-bm-Wv. ]t£ AXn-\p≈ ]cn-lmcw A°m-Z-anI XmXv]-cy-Øn\v hncp-≤amb CØcw \o°-ßf - m-tWm, AtXm ]co£m k{º-Zmbw Ip‰-a‰ - X - m-°pI F∂-XmtWm? CXv Xe-th-Z\ t]m°m≥ Xe sh´p∂ coXn-bm-bn-t∏m-bn. ]co£m k{º-Zmbw ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ap≥ lb¿ FUyqt°-j≥ Iu¨kn¬ Hcp D∂X kan-Xnsb \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ]e \n¿t±-i-ßfpw apt∂m´p h®ncp-∂-Xm-Wv. F¥p-sIm≠v Ah ]cn-tim-[n®v \S-∏m-°p-∂n√? AXn-\-IØv k¶o¿W-amb {]Xy-b-imkv{X {]iv\-ß-sfm∂pw D≠m-Im≥ Xc-an-√-t√m. ImX-emb {]iv\w AsXm-∂p-a√; B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kv tImtf-Pp-Iƒ AS-ßp∂ \ΩpsS D∂X hnZym-`ymk taJ-ebv°p AXv A¿ln-°p∂ {]m[m\yw Bcpw sImSp-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv F∂v tXm∂p-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ tim`-\-amb `mhn-bn¬ D∂X hnZym-`ymkw \n¿h-ln-t°≠ ]¶n-s\-°p-dn®v t_m[yw C√m-Ø-XmWv ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\w. AXv Iptd `mKyPmX¿°v Db¿∂ iº-fhpw ]Z-hn-Ifpw \¬Im-\p≈ taJ-e-bmbn Npcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ samØw {i≤bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw s{]m^-j-W¬ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-te°v amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Ah-K-W\ Bfl-l-Xym-]cw BWv. \mfsØ \ΩpsS A[ym-]-Icpw imkv{X-⁄cpw ]WvUnXcpw krjvSn-°s - ∏-tS-≠Xv Cu Iem-eb - ß - f - n-em-Wv. GsXmcp kaq-lØ - n-s‚bpw tim`-\a - mb `mhn°v Ch¿ \¬tI≠ kw`m-h\ \mw Xncn-®d - n-bp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv Cu Ah-KW - \ - b - psS A¿∞w. \ap°v Ipsd F©n\o-b¿amcpw tUmIvS¿amcpw amt\-P¿amcpw I®-hS- ° - mcpw D∂X DtZym-Kÿ - cpw cmjv{So-b° - mcpw am{Xw aXn F∂v IcpXp∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ `mhn Ccp-f-S-™-Xm-bn-cn°pw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. thcp th≠, imJIfpw Ce-Ifpw am{Xw aXn F∂p Icp-Xp-∂Xv t]mse-bp≈ auVyw Bbn-cn°pw AXv. CXn\p \mw I\Ø hne \¬tI≠n hcpw; C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf.

imkv{X-KXn

KWn-X-imkv{Xw kn.-]n. \mcm-b-W≥

KWn-X-h¿jw F¥n\v? C∂v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ KWn-X-am-Wv. KWn-Xo-b-amb ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fmWv B[p-\nI Pohn-X-sØ-bmsI am‰n adn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂Xv. A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb C¥y-°m¿°p-t]mepw CXn-s\-°p-dn®v th≠{X Xncn-®-dn-hn-√. AXv am‰m-\mWv C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v KWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. C∂sØ hn⁄m\ temI-Øv, hn⁄m\ kvt^mS-\-Øn¬ KWnXw hln-°p∂ ]¶v hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-d-sbbpw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°-sfbpw ]d™p a\- n-em°n IqSp-X¬ t]sc KWn-X-]-T-\-Øn\p t{]cn-∏n-°-emWv KWn-X-h¿jm-tLm-j-Øns‚ {][m\ e£y-ß-fn¬ H∂v.

KWn-Xh- ¿j-ambn 2012 BtLm-jn-°p∂-Xn\p C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v t\csØ Xocp-am-\s - a-Sp-Øp. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ P\p-hcn BZy-hmcw {][m-\a{¥n tUm. a≥tam-l≥knMv sNss∂bn¬ h®v KWn-Xh - ¿jm-tLmjw DZvLmS\w sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. h¿jw apgph≥ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Khs◊‚pw hnhn[ ÿm]-\ß - fpw kwLS-\I - fpw {]ÿm-\ß - fpw Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂p-≠v. Nne ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bcw`n®p Ign-™p. sNss∂- b n¬h®v {][m- \ - a {¥n DZvLm-S\w \S-Øp-∂X - n\p t{]c-Ia - mbn `hn-®Xv AXv {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-Ps‚ \mSmWv F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu h¿j-Øn\p Hcp {]tXy-IX - b - p-≠v. cmam-\p-Ps‚ 125˛mw P∑-hm¿jnI thf-bm-Wn-Xv. C¥y temI- Ø n\p Imgv N - h ® A\p- ] a KWnX {]Xn-`b - mWv cmam-\p-P≥. At±l-Øns‚ 125-˛mw P∑-h¿j-Øn¬ C¥y KWn- X - h ¿jw sIm≠m- S p- ∂ - X n\p {]tXyI HuNn-Xy-ap-≠v.

am¿®v 2012

cmam-\p-Ps\ ho´p-Imtcm \m´pImtcm KWn-X-⁄-\mbn hf¿ØnbtXm AXn-\mbn {]tXyI ]cn-io-e\w \¬In-btXm A√. At±-l-Øns‚ Akm-[m-c-W-amb KWn-X-]m-S-hhpw AXn-ep≈ AXncp Ihn™ XmXv]cyhpw Ah-KW - n-°m≥ Ign-bmsX h∂t∏m-gm-bn-cp-∂p, At±-l-Øns‚ KWnX-kn-≤n-Isf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂X - n\p Nne¿ Nne \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ssIs°m-≠Xv. F∂m¬, Zcn-{Z-\mb cmam-\p-P\p A¿ln-°p∂ ]cn-K-W-\bpw ]cn-c£bpw \¬Im-Xn-cp-∂X - p-aqew tcmK-_m[n-X-\mbn At±lw AImeNc-a-w AS-™p. C¥ybv°pw temI-Øn\pw At±-lØ - n¬ \n∂p e`n-°p-am-bn-cp∂ {]Xn- ` m- h n- e m- k - ß ƒ e`n- ° msX t]mbn. ]n∂oSv CXp-hsc AXp-t]msemcp KWnX{]Xn` C¥y-bn¬\n∂v Db¿∂p-h∂ - n-´p-an-√. B \jvSsØ Hm¿Øv ZpxJn°m\√ C¥y KWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sp∂-Xv. a\p-jy≥ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ hn⁄m-\i - m-JI - f - n¬ G‰hpw {][m-\s∏-´-XmWv KWn-Xw. AXns\ hnhn[ imkv{X-im-J-I-fpsS cm⁄n F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. KWn-X-⁄sc kpJn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n ]d-bp-∂-X√ AXv. KWn-X-hp-ambn Hcp _‘hpw C√m- Ø Xv F∂p Icp- X - s ∏- ´ n- c p∂ hn⁄m-\i - m-Jb - ° v p-t]mepw C∂sØ ÿnXn-bn¬ hf-cm≥ KWn-X-Øns‚ ]n≥_-etam am¿K-Z¿i-\tam thWw F∂m-bn-´p≠v ÿnXn. cmPy-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v Ccpºv, I¬°cn F∂nh IqSntb Ignbq F∂mWv hyh-kmb hnπhw Bcw-`n®-tijw GXv cmPy-°mcpw ]d-bm-dp≈-X.v Ct∏mƒ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv FÆtbm {]IrXn hmX-Itam thW-sa-∂m-Wv. Ch-sbm-∂p-an-s√-¶n-epw, Akw-kvIrX km[- \ - ß sf kwkv I - c n- ° m- \ p≈ anI® ssh`hw kzmb-Ø-am-sW-¶n¬ B cmPy-Øn\p henb ]ptcm-KXn ssIh- c n- ° m≥ Ignbpw F∂- X n\p ZrjvSm-¥-amWv P∏m≥. P∏m-\n¬ Ccpº-bn-cn-√, I¬°-cn-bn-√, FÆ-bn-√. kar-≤a - m-bn-´p-≈Xv cmPysØ FSp-ØΩm\w BSp∂ `qI-º-ß-fm-Wv. F¶nepw, AXv henb hnImkw t\Sn-bXv imkv{X-˛-km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fn-ep≈ IÆ-©n-°p∂ ]ptcm-KXn kzmb-Øa - m°n-bm-W.v C¥y°pw AØcw ]ptcm- K Xn ssIh-cn-°Ww F∂v B{K-l-ap-≠v. temI-Ønse H∂mw \º¿ cmPy-amIWw F∂v tamln-°m\pw XpS-ßn-bn´p-≠v. hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-dbv°v s{]m^-jW¬ AYhm kmt¶-Xn-I- hn-Zym-`ymkw imkv{X-KXn

cmPy-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v Ccp-ºv, I¬°cn F∂nh IqSntb Ignbq F∂mWv hyh-kmb hnπhw Bcw-`n-®-tijw GXv cmPy-°mcpw ]d-bm-dp≈-Xv. Ct∏mƒ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv FÆtbm {]IrXn hmX-Itam thW-sa-∂m-Wv. Ch-sbm-∂p-an-s√-¶n-epw, Akw-kvIrX km[-\-ßsf kwkvI-cn-°m-\p≈ anI® ssh`hw kzmb-Ø-am-sW-¶n¬ B cmPyØn\p henb ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂-Xn\p ZrjvSm-¥-amWv P∏m≥. P∏m-\n¬ Ccp-ºbn-cn-√, I¬°-cn-bn-√, FÆ-bn-√. kar-≤-am-bn-´p-≈Xv cmPysØ FSp-Ø-Ωm\w BSp∂ `qI-º-ß-fm-Wv. F¶n-epw, AXv henb hnImkw t\Sn-bXv imkv{X-˛km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fn-ep≈ IÆ-©n-°p∂ ]ptcm-KXn kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bm-Wv. 7

e`n-®m¬ C¥y Xms\ B \ne-bnte°p Db¿∂p-sIm≈pw F∂ [mcW CS-Ø-c-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ hym]-I-ambn {]N-cn-®n-´p-≠.v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw Nne hnZym-`ymk hnZ-K[ v cpw Aßs\ Nn¥n°p-Ibpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXns‚ ê-ambn cmPy-Øns‚ \m\m`m-K-ß-fn¬ s{]m^-j-W¬ tImtf-PpIƒ IqWp-t]mse s]mń hf-cp-∂p. AXn¬ a°sf tN¿°p-∂-Xn\p apJyambn CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-ßƒ a’-cn°p-∂p. A{Xbpw kmº-Øn-It- i-jn-bn√mØ IpSpw-_-ßƒt]mepw Ahsc A\p-Ic - n-°m≥ h¿[-am-\a - mb tXmXn¬ {ian-®p-h-cp-∂p. Chsc BI¿jn-°m-\mbn IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ kzImcy kzm{ib hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\ß - ƒ Db¿∂p-hc - p-∂p. F≥Pn\n-b-dnw-Knepw saUn-kn-\nepw ]co-£bn¬ tXm¬°p∂ Ipń-I-fpsS FÆw Pbn-°p-∂-h-cp-tS-Xns‚ Cc-ń-bn-tesd Bbn Db-cp-∂p.

a\p-jy≥ hnI-kn-∏n-s®SpØ hn⁄m-\-im-J-Ifn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏-´XmWv KWn-Xw. AXns\ hnhn[ imkv{X-im-J-IfpsS cm⁄n F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. KWn-X-⁄sc kpJn-∏n°m≥ th≠n ]d-bp-∂X√ AXv. KWn-X-hp-ambn Hcp _‘hpw C√m-ØXv F∂p Icp-X-s∏-´n-cp∂ hn⁄m-\-im-J-bv°pt]mepw C∂sØ ÿnXnbn¬ hf-cm≥ KWn-XØns‚ ]n≥_-etam am¿K-Z¿i-\tam thWw F∂m-bn-´p≠v ÿnXn.

AtX-ka - bw D∂X hnZym-`ym-kc - wKØv IqSp-X¬ Ipń-Iƒ tNcp∂ am\hn- I - ˛ - k m- a qlyimkv { X˛imkv { X tImgvkp-Iƒ \√ coXn-bn¬ \S-Øp∂-Xn\p k¿°mtcm k¿h-I-em-im-eItfm Du∂tem th≠{X t{]m’m-l\tam \¬Ip- ∂ n- √ . XXv ^ - e - a mbn G‰hpw Ah-KW - n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ tImgvkpw hn⁄m-\-im-Jbpw C∂v KWn-X-ambn Xo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AtX kabw C∂v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ KWn-X-amWv. KWn-Xo-b-amb ]pXnb I≠p-]n-SnØ-ß-fmWv B[p-\nI Pohn-X-sØbmsI am‰n adn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. A`y- k v X - h n- Z y- c mb C¥y- ° m¿°pt]mepw CXn-s\-°p-dn®v th≠{X Xncn®-dn-hn-√. AXv am‰m-\mWv C¥ym-K-hs◊‚ v KWn-X-h¿jw sIm≠m-Sm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. C∂sØ hn⁄m\ temI-Øv, hn⁄m\ kvt^mS-\Ø - n¬ KWnXw hln-°p∂ ]¶v hf-cp∂ Xeap-ds - bbpw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-°s - fbpw ]d™p a\- n-em°n IqSp-X¬ t]sc KWn-X-]-T-\-Øn\p t{]cn-∏n-°-emWv KWn-X-h¿jm-tLm-j-Øns‚ {][m\ e£y-ß-fn¬ H∂v. sF.-Sn.-bmWv henb thX\w e`n°p∂ Hcp sXmgn¬ taJe C∂v. F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv _ncpZw thWw B taJ-eb - n¬ sXmgn¬ In´m≥ F∂mWv s]mXp-[m-cW - . F∂m¬ tkm^vSs v hb¿ cwKsØ ]pXnb I≠p- ] n- S n- Ø ßƒ°pw hnI-k-\-ßƒ°pw G‰hpw A\p-t]-£W - o-ba - m-bXv KWn-XØ - ns‚ {]tbm-Ka - m-Wv. C‚¿s\-‰v, samss_¬, Sn.-hn. F∂n-h-sbms° Iqń-tbm-Pn-∏n®p-sIm-≠p≈ sF.-kn.-Sn. hnI-k-\Ønepw hym]-\-Ønepw \n¿Wm-b-Iamb apt∂-‰-Øn\p as‰-¥n-t\-°mfpw {][m\w KWnX kt¶-X-ßƒ {]tbmKn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ CS-s]-Se - p-If - m-Wv. P\- P o- h n- X - s Øbpw Adn- h ns‚ temI-sØbpw A∏msS Iogvta¬ adn°p∂ I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-fmWv auenI IW-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \S-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp \q‰m- ≠ p- a pºv sF≥ssÃ\pw amIvkvπm¶pw ùXn-IØ - nepw ùXn-Iim- k v { X- ß - f n- e m- s Ibpw \S- Ø nb s]mfn-s®-gp-Øn-s\-bmsI s]mfn-s®-gptX≠n hcptam F∂ kwibw Ct∏mƒ Cu cwKØv \S-°p∂ Kth-jW - ß - ƒ Db¿Øp-∂p. AXnepw KWn-X-Øns‚ ]¶pw kw`m-h-\bpw A\ym-Zr-i-am-Wv. sF≥ssÃ\p X\n°p apt∂-t]mb Kth-j-I¿ Is≠-Ønb ]e Imcy-ßsfbpw Ah- c psS Nne \nK- a - \ - ß sfbpw bp‡n-k-l-a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v X≈n-°-f-bp-Itbm Xncp-Øp-Itbm am¿®v 2012

sNtø-≠n-h∂ - p. amIvkvπm¶pw kam-\amb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv \S-Øn-b-Xv. sF≥ssÃ\p AXv Ign-™Xv sS≥k¿ hnt«-jWw t]mep≈ Nne ]pXnb KWnX coXn-If - psS klm-bt- Øm-sS-bmbn-cp-∂p. {]Imi civan t\¿tc-J-bnemtWm XcwKambmtWm k©-cn-°p∂Xv F∂ {]tl-fn-Ibv°v DØcw ImWp- I - b m- b n- c p∂p sF≥ssÃ≥. {]Imiw IWw (Izm-≠w) BbmWv \oßp-∂Xv F∂v amIvkπ v m¶v shfn-hm°n. {]Imiw Du¿P-Øns‚ Hcp cq]am-Wv. Du¿P-am-Is´ {Zhy-ambpw {Zhyw Du¿P-ambpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Spw F∂v sF≥ssÃ≥ sXfn-bn-®p. AXns‚ tXmXv shfn-hm-°p-∂-XmWv E = mc2 F∂ kao-Ic - W - w. `qanbpw a‰v {Kl-ßfpw kqcy-\pNp‰pw Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°b - mWv F∂v sIπ¿, tIm∏¿\n-°-kv, Keo-entbm F∂o tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄∑ - m¿ sXfnbn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn-s‚-sb√mw ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ sFkIv \yq´¨ Hcp ]pXnb {]]© kn≤m¥Øn\pw AXnse Ne\ \nb-a-ßƒ°pw cq]w \¬In. AXv B Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ apt∂m-´p≈ henb Im¬sh- b v∏m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Ah¿°papºv {]Xy-£-Øn¬ ImWp∂-Xns\ AtX-]Sn AwKo-Ic - n-°p-Ib - mbn-cp∂p tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄-∑mcpw a‰pw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ F√m tPymXn¿tKm-f-ßfpw `qansb hew-hbv°p∂p F∂mWv AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´ncp- ∂ - X v . F∂m¬ _p[≥, ip{I≥ F∂o {Kl-ß-fpsS {]Xy-£-Øn¬ ImWp∂ Ne-\sØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ]gb coXn-h®v Ign-bmsX h∂p. AXS°w \ne-hn-ep≈ {]]© kn≤m¥sØbpw AXp-{]-Im-c-ap≈ [mc-WI-sfbpw Xncp-Øp-I-bmWv Keo-entbmbpw \yq´-\p-sams° sNbvX-Xv. Xßƒ ss__n-fn-s‚bpw a‰pw B[nIm-cn-I-X-tbmsS ]d-™p-h∂ Imcyßƒ icn-b√ F∂p imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, k` sNbvXXv Xß-fpsS [mc-Wbpw AXn\v B[m-camb Acn-tÃm-´n-en-s‚bpw a‰pw bp‡nsbbpw Xncp- Ø p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ n- √ . sIπ¿, tIm∏¿\n-°-kv, Keo-entbm {]`r-Xn-If - psS bp‡nsb k`-bpsS aX]-c-amb A[n-Imcw h®v X≈pI-bm-bncp-∂p. ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂Xv imkv{Xw \nc-¥-c-amb ]T\ a\-\-ß-fpsS ASnÿm- \ - Ø n¬ t\csØ AwKoIcn®ncp∂ bp‡nsb ]pXnb A\p-`h-Øns‚ kΩ¿±-Øm¬ Xncp-Øp-∂X - mWv. hmkvXh - Ø - n¬ sIπ¿, tIm∏¿\nimkv{X-KXn

sF.-Sn.-bmWv henb thX\w e`n-°p∂ Hcp sXmgn¬ taJe C∂v. F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv _ncpZw thWw B taJ-e-bn¬ sXmgn¬ In´m≥ F∂mWv s]mXp-[m-c-W. F∂m¬ tkm^vSvshb¿ cwKsØ ]pXnb I≠p]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒ°pw hnI-k\-ßƒ°pw G‰hpw A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-bXv KWn-X-Øns‚ {]tbm-Kam-Wv. C‚¿s\-‰v, samss_¬, Sn.-hn. F∂nh-sbms° Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n®p-sIm-≠p≈ sF.-kn.-Sn. hnI-k-\-Ønepw hym]-\Ønepw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb apt∂-‰-Øn\p as‰-¥n-t\°mfpw {][m\w KWnX kt¶-X-ßƒ {]tbm-Kn-®psIm-≠p≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Ifm-Wv.

°-kv, Keo-en-tbm, \yq´¨ bp‡nbmWv B[p- \ nI imkv { X- Ø ns‚ bp‡n. B bp‡n°v ASn-ÿm\w KWn-Xo-ba- mb IW-°p-Iq-é - p-Ifpw hniI-e-\hpw \nK-a-\-hp-am-Wv. \yq´¨ AXn- \ mbn Ie\w (Im¬Ip- e - k v ) {]tbm-Kn-®p. Aßs\ ]pXnb bp‡n-sIm≠v Xncp- Ø - s ∏´ {]]- © - k n- ≤ m- ¥ hpw ]pXnb A\p-`-h-ßƒ, Ahsb hniI-e\w sNøp-∂X - n\p {]tbm-Kn-°s - ∏´ ]pXnb KWn-Xob coXn apX-em-b-hbpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xncp-Ø-s∏Sp∂ A\p-`-h-amWv Hcp \q‰m-≠p-apºv sF≥ssÃ≥-˛-am-Ivk-πm¶v I≠p-]nSpØß-fpsS ê-ambn D≠m-bX - .v apºv Nq≠n-°m-ń-b-Xp-t]mse ]pXnb KWnX-im-Jbpw coXnbpw CXn-\mbn {]tbmKn-°-s∏-´p. tPymXn-»m-kv{X-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, Cßs\ KWnXw ]pXnb hn⁄m-t\mXv]m-Z-\-Øn-\mbn ]pXnb hni-I-e-\co-Xnbpw AXn-\mbn ]pXnb KWn-Xim-J-Ifpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ck-X{¥-Øn¬, Poh-im-kv{X-Øn¬, A¿Yim-kv{X-Øn¬, P\-kw-Jym-im-kv{XØn¬, ssk\n-I-im-v{X-Øn¬ F∂nßs\ \nc-h[n taJ-e-I-fn¬ CXv XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Chn-sS, C¥y-bn-em-bmepw tIc-fØn-em-bmepw s]mXp-hn¬ XmXv]cyw GsX-¶nepw sXmgn-ep-S-a-bpsS Iogn¬ tPmen sNøm-\m-Wv. AXp-Xs∂ apºv sNbvXph∂ tPmen-I-fpsS X\n-bmh¿Ø\w sNøm-\m-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-°v, Poh-\-°m-c-\v, Hmô-k¿°v thX\w e`n-°p-∂-Xn\p dnkvIn-√mØ CØcw tPmen sNbvXmepw aXn. ]t£ cmPyØns‚ As√-¶n¬ kaq-lØ - ns‚ ka{K-amb hf¿®bv°pw hnIm-k-Øn\pw CXp-t]m-c. ]pXnb hn⁄m-t\m-Xv]mZ\w thWw. ]gb tPmen-Iƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≠ncn-°m≥ ]gb Adn-hp-Iƒ aXn. ]s£, ]gb hn⁄m\w sh®v ]cn-l-cn-°m\m-hmØ {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥, ]pXnb hn⁄m-t\m-Xv]m-Z\w thWw, Kth-jWw thWw GXv imkv{X-ta-Je-bn-em-bmepw˛Po-hi - m-kv{X-am-bm-epw-˛A-Xn\v KWnXw C∂v Ah-tiym-]m-[nbm-W.v B[p-\nI KWnX ]pkvX-I-ßƒ, Kth-jW {]_-‘-ßƒ hmbn-®m¬ km[m-c-W-°m¿°v am{X-a-√, KWn-XØn¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c _ncp-Z-tam, Kthj-W-_n-cp-Ztam D≈-h¿°p-t]mepw ]eXpw a\- n-em-In-√. A{X-am{Xw hf¿® B hn⁄m-\-im-J-bn¬ D≠m-

bn- s °m- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . F∂m¬ C¥ym-°mcpw tIcfo-b-cp-amb an° A`y-kvX-hn-Zycpw B[p-\nI KWnXw ]Tn-°p∂Xnt\m AXn¬ Kth-jWw sNøp-∂X - nt\m H´pw XmXv]cyw ImWn°p-∂n-√. "A∏w Xn∂m¬ t]msc, Ipgnsb-ÆW - tam' F∂ ]g-s©m-√p-t]m-se, tPmen sNbvXm¬ t]msc, AXv KWnX- Ø n¬Xs∂ BI- W - s a- ∂ pt≠m F∂mWv an°-hcpw tNmZn-°p-∂X - v. C¥y-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn°v Bh-iyamb Kth-j-W-hn-⁄m\w ssIam-dphm≥ Ata-cn° Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ cmPyßƒ Xøm-d√ - . C¥y kmº-Øn-Ia- mbpw hnI-k-\-]-c-ambpw apt∂-dp-t¥mdpw CØcw A\p-`hw h¿[n-°pw. KWn-XIm- c y- Ø n¬ a‰p ]e- X nepw F∂t]mse \mw kzbw-]-cym-]vXX t\SpItb ]cn-lm-c-ap-≈q. hntZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ ]e C¥y-°mcpw KWnX-tem-IØv AXn-Im-bc - m-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p≠v. Ah¿°v Bh-iy-amb t{]m’ml-\hpw t{]c-Wbpw kuI-cy-ßfpw AhnsS e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. Chn-sSbpw KWn-X-]-T\Øn\pw Kth-jW - Ø - n\pw IqSp-X¬ kuI-cyßƒ, D∂-X-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ ÿm]-\ßƒ, Ah-bn¬ {]K-¤c - a - mb KWn-X-

⁄¿ Hs°-bp-≠m-IW - w. H‰bv°v GsX¶nepw hnZym¿Yntbm A[ym-]-Itcm ÿm]-\tam CXn\pw ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-ØpsIm≠v \mw B{K-ln-°p∂ apt∂‰w KWn-Xt- em-IØ - p-≠m-hW - s - a-∂n-√.

KWn-X-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw hn⁄m-\-a-fi-e-Ønepw ùXn-I]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw KWn-XØns‚ BI¿j- W o- b - X , KWn- X Øns‚ {]tbm-K-£-a-X-˛-\m-\m-a-fi-eß-fn¬, am\-h-cm-in-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnbn¬ KWnXw hln-®Xpw hln®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂X - p-amb ]¶v, KWn-XØ - ns‚ kuμ-cyw, KWnXw D√m-k-Øn-\v˛C ßs\ \nc-h[n Imcy-ßƒ P\-ßƒ s]mXp- h n¬ KWn- X - h ¿jm- t Lm- j Øns‚ `mK-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-SpIbpw A\p-`-hn-®p-a-\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠X - p-≠v. G‰hpw {][m\w KWnXw bp‡nbpsS `mj-bmWv F∂-Xm-W.v AXp-sIm≠mWv AXn\v kao-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw {]kvXm-h\ - I - f - p-sSbpw a‰pw cq]-Øn¬ km[m-cW `mj-bn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvXambn X\-Xmb `mj-bp-≈-Xv. CXv Xßsf B{I-an-®p-sIm-√m≥ \n¬°p∂ òI-cP - ¥ - p-hmWv F∂ ań-emWv km[mc-W° - m¿ KWn-XsØ ImWp-∂X - .v a\p-

jy-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn, a\p-jy¿ G¿s∏Sp∂ taJ-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SmØ H∂pw KWn-XØ - n¬ C√. AXv G‰hpw kw-£n-]vXa - mbn ]d-bp-Ibpw {]tbm-Kn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - mWv KWn-XØ - ns‚ coXn. KWn- X - Ø n- s ‚- ˛ - ` m- c - X - Ø ns‚ F∂pw ]d-bmw-˛-kw-`m-h-\-Iq-Sn-bmWv ]qPyw AS-°-ap≈ kwJy-Iƒ. Ahbn-√m-sX \ap°v Hcp \nan-jw-t]mepw Nn¥n-°m-\m-hn-√. AtX-k-abw \mw Hm¿t°-≠Xv G‰hpw Aaq¿Ø-amWv Ah F∂m-Wv. KWnXw samØ-Øn¬ Aaq¿Ø-amWv. AXn-s\-bmWv km[mcW F√m-hcpw t]Sn-°p-∂-Xv. ]s£ Aaq¿ØX C√msX \ap°v \ne\n¬°m-\p-am-hn-√. AXns\ Fßs\ ssIImcyw sNø-Ww, Fßs\ IqsSs°m≠p \S-°-Ww, Fßs\ a\- nem-°Ww F∂-XmWv \sΩ aYn-°p∂ {]iv\w. \ne-\n-ev]n-\m-bp≈ Pohn-Xk-a-c-Øn¬ am\-h-cmin hnI-kn-∏n-s®SpØ Du∂p-hS- n-bmWv; klm-bn-bmWv KWnXw F∂pw Pohn-X-K-‘n-b-√mØ H∂pw AXn¬ C√ F∂pw a\- n-em°m\pw Hm¿°p-hm\pw Ign-™m¬ KWnXw \ΩpsS k¥-Xk - l - N - m-cnbpw DØ-a-kp-lr-Øp-ambn amdpw. am¿®v 2012

Ih¿tÃmdn

sXmgnepw hnZym`ymkhpw tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv "thWw as‰mcp tIcfw' Imws]-bns‚ `mK-ambn IÆq-cn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® "sXmgnepw hnZym-`ym-khpw' F∂ skan-\m-dn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]_‘w 1. hnZym`ymkØns‚ DZmØamb e£yßƒ apgph≥ AwKoIcn®psIm≠pXs∂, Hmtcm hy‡nsbbpw kaqlØns‚ DXv]mZ\ tkh\ cwKßfn¬ kz¥w ]¶v hln°m-\p≈ {]m]v X nbp≈h≥(ƒ) B°nØo- ¿ °pI F∂Xpw AXns‚ kp{][m\amb Hcp eIv-jyw BsW∂v kΩXnt® Xocq. B ]¶v F¥msW-∂p≈Xv B hy‡nbpsS P∑kn≤amb Ignhpw hmk\bpw ]cnioe\hpw A[zm\n°m\p≈ a\ pw B{ibn®ncn°pw. Hmtcm hy‡nbpsSbpw IgnhpIƒ hyXykvXw BsW∂v \ap°imkv{X-KXn

dnbmw. imkv{Xw, am\hnI hnjbßƒ XpSßnbh ]Tn®p ]co£Iƒ ]m mIm\pw ]Tn∏n°m\pw ⁄m\ \n¿anXnbn¬ G¿s∏Sm\pw D≈ A°mZanI Ignhv Ahbn¬ H∂v am{Xw BWv-. ]t£ \ΩpsS kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw AsXmgnsI a‰v Hcp Ignhns\bpw AwKo-Icn°p∂n√. {]kvXpX Ign-hn¬ ]nt∂m°w Bb Ip´nIsf `Not fit for higher studies` F∂ Ãmºv IpØn a≠≥ F∂pw a≠n F∂pw ap{ZbSn®v ]pdØm°pIbmWv \mw sNøp∂Xv. F∂m¬ ]ns∂ Chsc F¥n\v sIm≈mw F∂v- ]Øp sIm√w Chsc

]Tn∏n® \ap°v ]dbm≥ tXm∂p∂n√! kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØns‚ Dt±iyw Ip´nIsf D∂X hnZym`ymkØn\v Xbmdm°pI am{Xw BsW∂ sX‰mb Nn¥mKXn BWv- CXn\v ]n∂n¬. CXv amdWw. kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØn\v X\Xmb e£yßƒ D≠v, "AXns\ D∂X hnZym`ymkØns‚ ta¬s°mbvabn¬ \n∂v- tamNn∏n°Ww' F∂mWv 1945 -¬ XncphnXmwIqdn¬ \nban® hnZym`ymk ]p\: kwLS\m IΩn‰n \n¿tZin®Xv. kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØns‚ sshhn[yhXvIcWw BWv- Ah¿ Bhiys∏´Xv.

2. k¿h in£m A`nbm\ns‚ e£yw"Gh¿°pw hnZym`ymkw' F∂Xv BWt√m. AXmbXv, kaqlØnse F√m sXmgnepIƒ sNøp∂hcpw hnZym`ymkw kn≤n®h¿ Bbncn°pw. kaqlØnse "hndIp shńIfpw sh≈w tImcnIfpw' aÆv Npa°p∂hcpw ]dºnepw ]mSØpw ]WnsbSp°p∂hcpw ao≥ ]nSn°p∂hcpw Cd®n sh´p∂hcpw F√mw hnZym`ymkw kn≤n®h¿ Bbncn°pw F∂v]d™m¬ AXns‚ A¿Yw F¥mWv? Ahsc√mw ]TnØw CSbv°v h®p hn´htcm ]Øphsc ]Tn®n´v “Not fit for higher studies” F∂ k¿ń^n°‰v t\Snbhtcm Bbncn°pw F∂mtWm? AtXm, AhcpsS sXmgn¬, AXv F¥v Bbmepw, Iptd°qSn sa®ambn sNøm≥ th≠ hnZym`ymkw Inńbh¿ Bbncn°pw F∂mtWm? CsXms° sNøm≥ F¥n\mWv hnZym`ymkw F∂mbncn°mw Hcp {]XnIcWw. "]Øphsc ]Tn®n´pw CtX sNøm≥ Inńbpt≈m' F∂mbncn°pw a‰p NnecpsS Isa‚ v. hnZym`ymkw tae\ßn ]WnsbSp°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v - c£ t\Sm\p≈ D]m[n BsW∂ ]gb Nn¥mKXn BWv- AXnsems° {]Xnên°p∂Xv. t\sc adn®v,- hnZym`ymkw kn≤n®h¿ Cu ]WnIƒ sNøp- t ºmƒ Cu sXmgnepIfpsS kz`mhw amdpw. imkv{XØns‚bpw kmt¶XnI hnZybpsSbpw {]tbmKw sXmgnepIfpsS B[p\nIhXvIc-WØnse°pw DXv]mZ\ £aX Dbcp∂Xnse°pw sXmgnenSØns‚ am\yXbnse°pw sXmgnemfnbpsS hcpam\ hcv[\hnsebv°pw \bn°pw; \bn°Ww. F¶nte B hnZym`ymkw A¿∞-]q¿Ww BIq.

]Øp h¿jsØ hnZym`ymkw t]mcm. AXv ]{¥≠p h¿jw thWw. F¶n¬ am{X-ta kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-Iptºmƒ hnZym¿Yn°v ]Xns\´p hb v XnI™ncn°q; kz¥ambn ]Wn-sbSpØv Pohn°m\p≈ {]mbw BIq. kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkØns‚ Ahkm\ c≠v h¿jw Ah¿°v Xncs™SpØ sXmgn¬ taJebn¬ Adnhpw sshZKv[yhpw {]mtbmKnI ]cnNbhpw t\Sm≥ th≠n am‰nhbv°Ww. kaqlØnse _lp `qcn]£Øns‚bpw hgn CXmbncn°Ww. Dbcv∂ AdnhpIƒ t\Sm\pw AXn\p-th≠n C\nbpw Iptd h¿jßƒ sNehgn°m\pw am\knIambpw _p≤n]c-ambpw tijnbpw Xbmdpw D≈ Hcp hn`mKw t]¿ am{XamWv D∂X hnZym`ym-kØnte°v t]mtI≠Xv

3. Aßs\ BIWsa¶n¬ ]Øp h¿jsØ hnZym`ymkw t]mcm. AXv ]{¥≠p h¿jw thWw. F¶n¬ am{Xta kvIqƒ hnZym`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bmIptºmƒ hnZym¿Yn°v ]Xns\´p hb v XnI™ncn°q; kz¥ambn ]Wn-sbSpØv Pohn°m\p≈ {]mbw BIq. kv I qƒ hnZym`ymkØns‚ Ahkm\ c≠v h¿jw Ah¿°v Xncs™SpØ sXmgn¬ taJebn¬ Adnhpw sshZKv[yhpw {]mtbmKnI ]cnNbhpw t\Sm≥ th≠n am‰nhbv°Ww. kaqlØnse _lp `qcn]£Øns‚bpw hgn CXmbncn°Ww. Dbcv∂ AdnhpIƒ t\Sm\pw AXn\pth≠n C\nbpw Iptd h¿jßƒ sNehgn°m\pw am\knIambpw _p≤n]cambpw tijnbpw Xbmdpw D≈ Hcp hn`mKw t]¿ am{XamWv D∂X hnZym`ym-kØnte°v t]mtI≠Xv. _m°nbp≈h¿ t\cn´p sXmgnente°pw PohnXØnte°pw {]thin°m≥ t]mIp-∂-hcmWv. Ahsc AXn\pth≠n Xbmdm°pI F∂XmWv hnZym`ymkØns‚ [¿aw. 4. GsX√mw XcØnep≈, GsX√mw Afhnep≈ sshZKv [ yßƒ BWv - Hcp kaqlØn\p th≠Xv F∂-Xv B kaqlØns‚ hnIk\ L´sØ B{ibn®ncn°pw. kmt¶XnIambn D∂Xn {]m]n® Hcp kaqlØn¬ IqSpX¬ tPmenIƒ°pw k¶o¿Wamb sshZKv≤yw Bhiyamtb°mw. Ahbv°v shdpw ]cnioe\w am{Xw aXnbmhpIbn√, B taJebn¬ D∂X hnZym`ymkw Xs∂ th≠nhcpw. At∏mgmWv- - IqSpX¬ Ip´nIsf D∂X hnZym`ymkØnte°v Abt°≠n hcp∂Xv. CXv Hcp kzm`mhnI {]{Inb Bbncn°Ww. Ir{Xnaw Bbn CXv \S∏m°m≥ ]‰n√. Aßs\ sNbvX - m¬, D∂X hnZym`ymkw t\SnbhcpsS sXmgnen√vembvatbm Ah¿°v tNcmØ sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏sS≠p∂ Ahÿtbm kwPmXw BImw. (tIcfØnse sXmgnen√mØhcn¬ \s√mcp ]¶v πkv Sq ]m mbh¿ BsW∂p≈Xv- CXn\v sXfnhmWv.) F√mh¿°pw D∂X hnZym`ymkw sImSp°p∂Xn\p≈ sNehv kaql- Ø n\p hln°m≥ Bhn√ F∂Xv sIm≠v, D∂X hnZym`ymkw AXn-\p≈ sNehv Xmßm≥ Ignbp-∂-h¿°mbn ]cnanXs∏SpØs∏Sp∂ Ahÿbpw D≠mImw. CXpw Btcm-Ky-Icw A√t√m. AXpsIm≠v , D∂X hnZym`ymkw GtXXp taJeIfn¬ thWw, GXp Afhn¬ thWw XpSßnb Xocpam\ßƒ kaql- Ø n- s ‚ DØchmZnam¿®v 2012

ØØn¬ Xs∂ D≠mIWw. CXv hn]Wn°v hnSp∂ {]hWX icnb√. 5. kaqlØn\v Bhiyap≈ \qdpIW°n\√ Bbnc°W°n\p tPmenIƒ \ap°v Np‰pap≠v. Chbn¬ hfsd Ipd®v tPmenIƒ°v am{Xta Ct∏mƒ Hu]NmcnIamb ]cnioe\w D≈q. _m°nsb√mw A\u]Nmcn-Iambn HmtcmcpØ¿ kzbw ]Tn°pIbmWv. h¿°v tjm∏v sa°m\nIv Bbn ]WnsbSp°p∂hcn¬ _lp`qcn]£w t]cpw sF ‰n sF k¿ń^n°‰v D≈hc√. h¿°v tjm∏pIfn¬ A\u]NmcnIambn \n∂vtakvXncnbpsS Ingp°pw kv]m\¿ sIm≠p≈ sIm´pw sIm≠v ]Wn ]Tn®h¿ BWv - . CXv kmt¶XnI taJebnse Ahÿ am{Xa√. an° ]WnIfpsSbpw Ahÿ CXv Xs∂bmWv. \√ KpakvX\mIm\pw, \√ dnk-]vj\nÃv BIm\pw, \√ hnev]\-°mc≥(Imcn) BIm\pw hnZKv[]cnioe\w thWw. _‘s∏´ taJebn¬ Adnhpw thWw. CXns\-sb√mw Hu]NmcnI hnZym`ymk-Øns‚ `mKw B°n am‰Ww. Bg-Ønep≈ AdnhpIƒ Bhiy-ap≈ sXmgnepIsf D∂X hnZym`ymk-Øn-s‚ `mKw B°Ww (DZmlcWw: A[ym]\w, F≥Pn\obdnwKv, sshZyw, \nbaw.) Hu]NmcnI ]cnioe\hpw k¿ń-^n°‰pw am{Xw t]mcm; ]Wnbpw AdnbWw. aebmfw Un.‰n.]n.°v k¿ń^n°‰v D≈h¿ F{Xtbm t]¿ D≠v; ]t£ ]Wn Adnbmhp∂htcm? CXpw F√m taJeIfnepw _m[Iw BWv.6. ]t£ C{X A[nIw t{SUpIƒ ]Tn∏n°m≥ kvIqfpIƒ°v Ignbptam F∂ tNmZyw hfsc {]k‡w BWv. C∂sØ coXnbn¬ BsW¶n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw ]‰n√. ]t£ Cu t{SUpIfpsS {]mŒn°¬ F√mw icnbmb sXmgnenSßfn¬ Xs∂ BIWw F∂v- h®mtem? Irjn ]Tn°p∂h¿ \mńse {][m\ I¿jIs‚ IqsS \n∂v - Irjn sNbv X p ]Tn°Ww. AXn\v AXymhiyw th≠ Xobdn am{Xw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn∏n®m¬ aXn. AXpt]mse kwKoXw ]Tns°≠h¿ \mńse kwKoX hnZpjnbpsStbm hnZzms‚tbm ASpØv \n∂v- kwKoXw ]Tn°s´. Ah¿ Xs∂ IpńIsf hnebncpØn t{KUpw \¬Is´. Cu coXnbn¬ Hmtcm {]tZiØpw Fs¥√mw t{SUpIƒ ]Tn∏n°Ww, Ahbv°v th≠ {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\w FhnsS sImSp°mw, Fs∂√mw Xt±i kzbw `cW ÿm]\ßfpambn imkv{X-KXn

\√ KpakvX\mIm\pw, \√ dnk-]vj\nÃv BIm\pw, \√ hnev]-\°mc≥(Imcn) BIm\pw hnZKv[-]cnioe\w thWw. _‘s∏´ taJebn¬ Adnhpw thWw. CXns\-sb-√mw Hu]NmcnI hnZym`ymkØns‚ `mKw B°n am‰Ww. Bg-Ønep≈ AdnhpIƒ Bhiy-ap≈ tXmgnep-Isf D∂X hnZym`ymk-Øn-s‚ `mKw B°Ww. Hu]NmcnI ]cnioe\hpw k¿´n-^n°‰pw am{Xw t]mcm; ]Wnbpw Adn-bWw. aebmfw Un.‰n.]n.°v k¿´n-^n°‰v D≈h¿ F{Xtbm t]¿ D≠v; ]t£ ]Wn Adnbmhp∂htcm? CXpw F√m taJeIfnepw _m[Iw BWv-.

tN¿∂p Xocpam\n°Ww. Chbpambn _‘n∏n°p∂ tPmenbpw Ah¿°v Xs∂ sNømw. Aßs\ Hmtcm kvIqfpw AXXp {]tZihpambn ssPh_‘ap≈ ÿm]\w Bbn amdWw. 7. sXmgn¬ hnZym`ymkØns‚ sNehv Bcp hln°Ww? D∂X hnZym`ymk-Øn\v kvtImf¿jn∏pIƒ (]cnanXam- s b¶nepw) e`yamWv . ]s£ ASn- ÿ m\ XeØnep≈ sXmgn¬ ]cnio- e \w an°hmdpw sk¬^v ^n\m≥- k nwKv coXnbn¬ BWv-. CXpw amdWw. hnZym`ymkw auenI AhImiw B°ptºmƒ, AXv A¿∞]q¿Wamb hnZym`ymkw BIWw. F¶n¬, AXn¬ sXmgn¬ hnZym`ymkw IqSn s]SWw. AXn-\p≈ sNehv kaqlw Xs∂ hlnt® aXnbmhq. 8. Cu ImgvN∏mSv A\pkcn®v C∂v \nehnep≈ Ahÿsb Fßs\ am‰mw F∂mWv t\mt°≠Xv. C∂v c≠v coXnbnemWv hnZym`ymk hyhÿbn¬ {]hrØn ]cnNbw DƒsIm≈n-®n-cn°p∂Xv. H∂v, s]mXp hnZym`ym- k Øns‚ `mKambn \¬Ip∂ {]hrØn ]cnNb ¢m pIƒ BWv-. F√m Ip´nIƒ°pw GsX¶nepw ssIsØmgnen¬ A\p`hw sImSp-°pIbpw AXv hgn ImbnI A[zm\tØmSv aXn∏v kr„n°pIbpw BWvCXns‚ {]Jym]nX eIv-jyw. AXv \√Xp Xs∂. Nne kvIqfpIfn¬ CXv Kuch _p≤ntbmsS \S∏m°p∂pap≠v . F¶nepw ]ebnSØpw CXv shdpw hgn]mSp am{Xw BWv F∂-

XmWv kXyw. Iºyq´dn\pw a‰pambn G‰hpw BZyw IpcpXn sImSp°p∂Xpw. Cu ]oscySv Bbncn°pw. Cu G¿∏mSv hnPbn°Ww F¶n¬ A[ym]I¿°pw kvIqƒ A[nIrX¿°pw CXns‚ {]m[m\ysØ ]‰n \√ t_m[yw D≠mbmte ]‰q. 9. c≠matØXv {]tXyI kvIqfpIfn¬ \¬Ip∂ hntijm¬ ]cnioe\w BWv-. shmt°j\¬ lb¿ sk°≠dn, sSIv\n°¬ ssl kvIqƒ, sF. ‰n.kn/sF.‰n.sF F∂nhsbms° CXn¬ s]Spw. Xncs™SpØ sXmgn¬ taJeIfn¬ hnZKv[ sXmgn¬ tk\sb kr„n°pI F∂ eIv-jyw BWv- Cu ]≤XnbpsS ]n∂n¬. sF. ‰n.sF./sF.‰n.kn.Iƒ Cu e£yØn¬ kmam\yw hnPbn°p∂pap≠v. ]t£ Ah hfsc Ipd®v taJeIfn¬, AXpw F\vPn\obdnßpambn _‘s]´ taJeIfn¬, am{Xta e`yamIp∂p≈q. hnimeamb sXmgn¬ taJeIsf e£yam°p∂Xv hn FNv Fkv C BWv-. Ahsb A{X Xs∂ ^e{]Zw F∂v- ]d™pIqSm. AXn\v ]e ImcWßƒ D≠v. H∂v, {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\Øn\v th≠{X {]m[m\yw sImSpØn´n√. sXmgn¬ CSßfpw Bbn _‘s∏SpØnb√

{]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\w \¬Ip∂Xv. H.sP.‰n. F∂ t]cn¬ \S°p∂Xv th≠{X ê{]Zw A√. c≠v, sXmgn¬ hnjbßtfmsSm∏w πkvSq °mcpsS kb≥kpw IqsS ]Tn∏n®p ]co£ \SØn Pbn∏n®p πkv S q hn\p Xpeyw BIm\p≈ \o°w thms°j\¬ ]T\Øns‚ {]m[m\yw Ipd®v If™p. C¥ybn¬ as‰mcnSØpw Cu coXnbn¬ hn.FN.v Fkv.C.tb Zp¿hymJym\w sNbvXnń√. CXv ASnb¥ncambn XncpØWw. {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\w, ta¬ kqNn∏n®Xpt]mse sXmgn¬ CSßfpambn _‘n∏n®p ]cnjvIcn°Ww. 10. sXmgn¬ A[n„nX ]T\hpambn _‘s∏´v Ft∏mgpw Dbcp∂ Hcp tNmZyw AXv Xncs™Sp°p∂ IpńIfpsS XpS¿ ]T\ km[yXIƒ BWv-. thms°j\¬ tImgvkpIƒ AhbpsS kz`mhw sIm≠v Xs∂ ‘terminal courses’ BWv.- AXv Ign™ B bphm°ƒ t\sc AXXp sXmgnep- I fn¬ {]thin°pw F∂mWv k¶¬]w. hn.FNv.Fkv.C.°m¿°v Untπmabvt°m Un{Knt°m kwh-cWw F∂Xv B kwhn[m\Øn¬ Dt±in®nń√. ]t£, hn.FNv . Fkv . C Ign™p sXmgnen¬ {]thin°p∂

Hcmƒ ]n∂oSv XpS¿∂v ]Tn°m≥ B{Kln®m¬ Xo¿®bmbpw AXn\v Ahkcw \¬Ipwhn[Ønep≈ hg°w (flexibiltiy) D∂X hnZym`ymk kwhn[m\Øn\v D≠mIWw. Aßs\ B{Kln°p∂h¿ Hcp ]t£ Ah¿ hn FNv Fkv C °v ]Tn®n´n√mØXpw lb¿ sk°≠dn°m¿ ]Tn®n´p≈Xpw Bb hnjbßƒ IqSpXembn ]Tn®p tbmKyX t\sS≠nhcpw. AXn\v Hm∏¨ kvIqfpIfpw Hm∏¨ bq\nthgvkn´nIfpw klmbn°Ww. 11. hn.FNv.Fkv.C.°v Ct∏mƒ sImSp-°p∂Xnt\°mƒ hfsc IqSpX¬ hnjbßƒ e`yamt°-≠-Xp≠v. kaql- Ø n\v Bhiyap≈ F√m taJ--e - I fnepw Hu]NmcnI hnZym`ymkhpw {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\hpw \¬Im\p≈ kwhn[m\w D≠mIWw. Ah ImenIambn ]pXp°pIbpw A{]k‡ambh Ahkm\n∏n°pIbpw sNøWw. Nne {lkzIme ]cnio-e\ßfpw ]ckv]c _‘ap≈ ]e tImgvkpIƒ tN¿∂ k¶c tImgvkpIfpw Bhmw. sXmgn¬ cwKØv D≈h¿°v th≠nbp≈ B[p\nIhXvIrX tImgvkpIfpw cq]I¬]\ sNøWw. AXns\ms° th≠ hg°w kwhn[m\Øn\v D≠mIWw. am¿®v 2012

Ih¿tÃmdn ]n.-]n. KtW-i≥

kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ym-khpw

sXmgnepw F√m-hcpw GsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬ Xs‚ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn A`y-kn-®n-cn-°Ww F∂ Km‘n-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv Hcn-°¬ Hcp A\p-bmbn tNmZn-®Xv _m¶-dpsS aI≥ F¥n-\mWv \q¬\q¬]v ]Tn-°p-∂Xv F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v Km‘nPn \¬Inb adp-]-Sn, sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Ah≥ ssIh-cn-°p∂ sshZ-Kv≤yw Ahs‚ `mhn-bpw _m¶nwKv {]hr-Ønbpw Imcy-£aam°m≥ klm-bn°pw F∂m-Wv.

BapJw kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ e£yw Ip´n-Isf k¿h-I-em-imem hnZym-`ymk-Øn\v Xbm-dm-°pI am{Xw BsW∂ sX‰mb Nn¥m-K-Xnsb am‰n, hnZym-`ymksØ sXmgn-ep-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn, _lp-`q-cn-]-£-Øn\pw t\cn´v sXmgnen-te-°pw, Pohn-X-Øn-te°pw {]th-

imkv{X-KXn

in-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv F√m-h¿°pw 12-˛mw ¢mkv ]T\w \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ coXnbn¬ s]mXp hnZym-`ymk coXn-bn¬ am‰w hcWw F∂m-Wt√m \mw B{Kln-°p-∂X - v. Cu Ah- k - c - Ø n¬ \ne- h n¬ kwÿm- \ Øv \S- ∏ n- e m°n hcp∂

kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk coXn-Isf Ipdn®pw AXn¬ th≠ am‰-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw ˛ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-kØn¬ kmt¶-XnI ]T\w Dƒs∏-SpØm≥ Fß-s\-sbms° km[n°pw F∂p {lkz-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-IbmWv Cu Ah-Xc - W - Ø - n-eqsS sNøp∂-X.v

kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk hIp∏v tIc-f-Ønse Hu]-Nm-cnI kmt¶XnI hnZym-`ym-kØ - ns‚ Np°m≥ ]nSn°p-∂X - ,v tIcf kmt¶-Xn-I hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏m-Wv. D∂X hnZym-`ymk hIp∏ns‚ Iogn-emWv CXv {]h¿Øn-°p∂-Xv. IqSmsX hyh-kmb hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ C‚-kv{Sn-b¬ s{Sbn-\nwKv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v (ITI), DVHSE bpsS Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ VHSE Ifpw Ah-c-hcp-tS-Xmb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p≠v. tIcf kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk hIp∏v 1957-˛e - mWv cq]w sIm≠-Xv. Cu hIp-∏n\v Iogn¬ 12 F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 49 t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 39 sSIv\n-°¬ ssl kvIqfp-Ifpw, 42 Sn.-Pn.-Fw.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw, 4 shmt°-jW - ¬ s{Sbn-\nwKv sk‚-dpIfpw, 3 ss^≥ B¿Svkv tImtf-PpIfpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. (17 sImtagvky¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq-´p-Ifpw D≠v) CXn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImtfPns\ am‰n-\n¿Øn a‰p taJ-e-I-fnse {]h¿Ø-\ß - fmWv ChnsS ]cn-tim-[n°-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. AXn¬ BZyw t]mfn-sSIv\nIv taJe ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-Iƒ cmPy- Ø ns‚ kpÿn- c - a mb kmaqly, kmº-ØnI hf¿®-bv°p-

th≠n hyh-kmb taJ-ebv°v Bhiy-amb "hnZKv≤ sXmgn¬ tk\' D≠m°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂X - n\pth≠n Imtem-Nn-Xambn ]cn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ BhnjvIc - n®v \S-∏n-em-°e - mWv t]mfn-sS-I\ v n°n-eqsS hIp∏v e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv. hyh-kmb kaq-lsØ klm-bn°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ kmt¶-XnI hnZ-K≤ v sc Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬ CXns‚ {]h¿Ø\-ßƒ F{X-tØmfw hnP-bn®p F∂pw, C\n GXv Zni-bn-ep≈ am‰-amWv Cu cwKØv hcp-tØ-≠-sX∂pw \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠X - p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse 49 t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°v tImtfPpIfn¬ {]Xn- h ¿jw 9520 t]¿°mWv {]th-i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. BsI 23 F©n-\o-b-dnwKv taJ-e-I-fnemWv ]cn-io-e-\w. 6 ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-embmWv ]cn-io-e\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv. ]c-ºcm- K - X - a mbn ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p∂ knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv, sa°m-\n-°¬, CeIv{Sn-°¬, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv, Iºyq-´¿ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv F∂o hnj-b-ß-fnemWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]¿°v {]thi\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Bt´m samss_¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv, C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚-j≥, sF.-Sn., t]mfn-a¿ sSIvt\m-fPn, B¿InsS-IvN¿, Sqƒ B≥Uv ssU sSIvt\mfPn, _tbm saUn-°¬ C≥kv{Sp-sat‚- j ≥ F∂o ]pØ≥ Xe- a pd

tIcf kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk hIp∏v 1957-˛-emWv cq]w sIm≠-Xv. Cu hIp-∏n\v Iogn¬ 12 F©n-\o-bdnwKv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw, 49 t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-PpIfpw, 39 sSIv\n-°¬ ssl kvIqfp-Ifpw, 42 Sn.-Pn.Fw.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw, 4 shmt°-j-W¬ s{Sbn-\nwKv sk‚dp-Ifpw, 3 ss^≥ B¿Svkv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw {]h¿Øn°p-∂p-≠v.

tImgvkp-Iƒ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ ÿeß-fn¬ am{X-amWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Icn-°pew Icn-°pew Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cnjvI-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXn-\-\p-krX-amb coXn-bn¬ t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-Ifnse em_v/h¿Ivtjm∏v kuIcyw h¿≤n-°p-∂n-√. ^m°ƒ´n-Iƒ°v IrXy-amb ]cn-ioe\w \¬Im≥ ]≤-Xn-bp-s≠-¶n-epw, F^v . - U n.- ] n. (Faculty Development Programme) \n¿_-‘-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ XmXv]c - y-ap-≈h - ¿°v am{X-ambn ]cn-ioe\w amdp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Z£ntW-¥y-bn¬ t]mfn A[ym-]I - ¿°v ]cnio-e\w \¬Im≥ NITTTR {]Xn-⁄m_-≤-am-Wv. kwÿm\ k¿°m-cn\pw IrXy-amb ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]mSn D≠v. F∂m¬ em_v/h¿Ivtjm∏v kuIcy-ßƒ sa®-s∏-tS-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iyIX ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠X - p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv/Bt´m samss_¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnjbw ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ssZ\w-Zn\w Ft∂mWw hnI-kn-°s∏-Sp∂ Cu taJ-e-bn¬ ˛ ]pXnb F©n-\p-Isf ]‰ntbm ˛ D]-I-c-Wßsf∏‰ntbm t\cn´v a\- n-em°n ]Tn°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw C∂v tImtf-Pp-Ifn¬ C√ F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. F©n\o- b - d nwKv tImtf- P p- I - f n¬t]mepw Ahÿ hyXy-kvXa-√. CXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv _tbm saUn-°¬ C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚-j≥, CeIvt{Sm-WnIvkv B‚ v C≥kv{Sp-sa-t‚j≥ F∂o hnj-b-ß-fnse Imcyhpw. B[p-\n-I-amb D]-I-c-W-ßƒ tPmen e`n-®-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-amWv Ip´n-Iƒ ImWp-∂X - .v hyh-kmb temI-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb Xc-Øn¬ hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]cn-io-en-∏ns®- S p- ° p- ∂ - X n\v CØcw sXmgn¬ kml-N-cy-ß-fp-ambn t\cn´v _‘-s∏Sp-∂X - n-\p≈ Ah-kcw Hcp-°p-Ib - mWv th≠- X v . (Hmtcm ÿm]- \ - Ø nepw B[p-\nI em_v kuIcyw Hcp-°¬ {]mtbm-Kn-Ia - m-hn-√).

Xan-gv\mSv kmt¶-XnI hnZym`ymk hIp∏pw tImgvkp-Ifpw Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xan-gv\m-´nse t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬ \SØp∂ tImgvkp-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v eLphmb Hcp ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øp-∂Xv DNnX-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Xan-gv\m-´nse t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-Ifn¬ Ct∏mƒ 69 Xcw tImgvkp-Iƒ ]Tn-

am¿®v 2012

∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ 23 BWv Ft∂m¿°p-I. ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Nne tImgvkpIsf kw_-‘n®v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. DZm: (1) sSIvssÃ¬ sSIvt\m-fP - n: Textile Marketing Management, Textile Processing, Textile Garment Technology, Textile Man made Fibre Technology, Textile Designing / Shuttle less weaving, Textile knitting and embroidary, Txtronics / Apparel Technology etc. (\-ap°v BsI

Hcp sSIvssÃ¬ sSIvt\m-fPn tImgvkv am{X-amWv D≈-Xv) DZm: (2) sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-bdnwKv: Mechanical Engineering Tool & Die making, Welding Technology, Mechanical Engineering M/C Tool maintenance, Piping ‘x’ ray welding, Mechanicla Engineering, Regrigerator & A/C, Mechanical Engineering Rounding & Casting, Mechanical Engineering Automobile, Mechanical Engineering Environmental & Pollution Control

(\-ap°v ]c-ºc - m-KX - a - mb sa°m\n-°¬ F©n-\o-bd- nwKv tImgvkv am{X-am-Wp-≈Xv) a‰p Nne \qX\ tImgv k p- I ƒ t\m°mw: Direction & Screen Play writing, TV Producing, Film Editing & T V Production, Film Technology & Film Processing, Applied Arts & Craf, Modern Office Processing XpSßn hyh-kmb taJ-e-

bn-te°v t\cn´v {]th-in-°m-\p-XI - p∂ tImgvkp-I-fmWv ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

{]th-i\w t\csØ tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ sS¿an-\¬ t]mbn‚ v 10-˛mw ¢mkv Bbn-cp∂ Ime-ØmWv t]mfn-sS-I\ v nIv {]th-i\ 10-˛mw ¢mkn¬ 1˛mw ¢mkv hnPbw (BsI IW-°v, kb≥kv hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 50% am¿°v) F∂ coXn ÿm]n-®-Xv. C∂v kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ sS¿an-\¬ tÃPv 12-˛mw ¢mkmbn amdnsb-¶nepw t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv {]th-i-\Øn¬ Cu am‰w h∂n-´n-√. F∂m¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ t]mfn AUvan-j≥ t\Sp-∂Xv Bcm-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. RWPC ]ø-∂q-cn¬ am{Xw \S-Ønb ]T-\w (SSLC am{Xw ]m m-b-h¿) {_m©v 2009 2010 2011 2 2 0 E1 /51 /55 /47 CT

CABM

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2009-˛2010 Ifn¬ 5% t]cmWv Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn. am{Xw tbmKy-X-bp-≈imkv{X-KXn

t\csØ tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ sS¿an-\¬ t]mbn‚ v 10-˛mw ¢mkv Bbn-cp∂ ImeØmWv t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv {]th-i\ 10-˛mw ¢mkn¬ 1˛mw ¢mkv hnPbw F∂ coXn ÿm]n-®-Xv. C∂v kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ sS¿an-\¬ tÃPv 12-˛mw ¢mkmbn amdn-sb-¶nepw t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv {]th-i-\-Øn¬ Cu am‰w h∂n-´n-√ h¿ Untπma {]th-i\w t\Sn-bs - X-¶n¬ 2011 BIp-tºm-tg°pw CXv 0% Bbn. AXm-bXv F√m-hcpw +2 or VHSE Ign™mWv t]mfn AUvan-j≥ t\Sp-∂X - v. 10-˛mw ¢mkv ASn-ÿm\ tbmKyX Bb-Xn-\m¬ Chsc πkvSp eh-ense IW-°v, kb≥kv, Cw•njv F∂nh ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ tImtf-Pn-tb‰v FPp-t°-j\n¬\n∂pw _‘-s∏´ hnj-bß - f - nse Akn- Ã ‚ v s{]m^- k ¿amsctbm, s{]m^-k¿amsctbm \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ChnsS t\csØ ]Tn® hnjbw Xs∂ ho≠pw ]Tn-°m-\m-bmWv Cu `mcn® sNe-hpw, ka-bhpw sNe-hg - n-°p-∂X - v.

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ Cu taJ-eb - n¬ \S-∏n-em-°m-hp∂ Nne \n¿t±-i-ßƒ N¿®-°mbn AhX-cn-∏n-°s - ´. 1. t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtfPv AUvan-j\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ tbmKyX +2 / VHSC B°-Ww. 2. Ct∏mƒ A[n-I-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂ kb≥kv hnj- b - ß ƒ (Physics, Chemistry) AtX coXn-bn¬ ]Tn-∏nt°-≠X - n-√. 3. F∂m¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv amØ-am‰n-Ivkv, IΩyq-Wn-t°-‰ohv Cw•ojv F∂nh 4 ska-Ã¿ hsc-sb-¶nepw ]Tn- ∏ n- ° - W w. AXn\v lb¿ sk°≥U-dnbn¬ D≈ A[ym-]I - ¿ aXn-bm-Ipw.

4. aq∂p-h¿jsØ ]T\ Ime-bf - h - n-\p≈n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 3 amkw hyhkm-bi - m-eI - f - n¬ sN∂v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm≥ Ah-kcw D≠m-I-Ww. (Institute Industrial Interaction) CXv XpS¿®-bmb 3 amk-Øn-\p-]-I-cw; 1-˛mw h¿jw ASn-ÿm\ hnh-cß - ƒ ]Tn-°m≥ kao] hyh-km-b-im-eI-fn¬/h¿Ivtjm∏pI-fn¬ 2 BgvN°m-esØ ]cn-io-e-\w. 2˛mw h¿jw Xm≥ ]Tn-°p∂ _‘s∏´ hnj-bß - f - psS kml-Nc - y-ap≈ hyh-km-b-im-e-bn¬ 2 BgvNsØ ]cn-io-e\w 3˛mw h¿jw H.-sP.-Sn. (On the Job Training) e`n- ° - Ø - ° - h n- [ - Ø n¬ hyh-km-b-Øn¬ tPmen ]cn-Nbw/ ]cn-io-e\w ˛ CXv Ct∏m-gsØ t{]mPIvSv h¿°v {]h¿Ø-\h - p-ambn tbmPn-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

tImgvkp-I-fnse kvs]jy-ssetk-j≥ Xan-gv\mSv t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬ \¬Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ hnj-b-ß-fnse kvs]jy-sse-tk-j≥ hnZym¿∞n-Isf t\cn´v hyh-kmbime-If - n-te°v {]thin-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw. DZm: sSIvssÃ¬ sSIvt\m-fPn/ sa°m-\n-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Institute Industry Interaction Hcp IÆq¿ Pn√m ]co-£Ww:˛)

IÆq¿ Pn√-bnse t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv tImtf-Pp-Ifpw Chn-SsØ {][m\ hyh-km-bi - m-eI - f - mb Uªn-bp.-sF.-]n., sI¬t{Sm¨, _n.-Sn.-Uª - nbpXpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®v, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im≥ Hcp samUyqƒ D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-Ib - pw, Ah-cpsS Nne s{]mU-£-\p-Iƒ ]co£-Wm¿∞w t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬ h®v \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.) NTTF-se Inplant training as‰mcp DZml-cW - a - m-Wv.

kvs]jy-sse-tk-j≥ Fß-s\bmImw DZm:˛ sSIvssÃ-bn¬ sSIvt\m-fP - nbn¬ {]th-i\w t\Sp∂ hnZym¿∞n BZy c≠p-h¿jw hnj-bØ - nse ASnÿm\ hnh-c-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-I-bpw, 3˛mw h¿jw t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse GsX-¶nepw hn`m-K-Øn¬ kvs]jyssekv sNøpIbpw BImw. Textile Technology - Marketing, Apparal design, Garment technology etc., etc. CØcw kvs]jy-sse-tk-j-\n¬ Esternal factory (Elective Options coXn)

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw km[n-°-Ww; sXmgn¬ ]T-\Ø - nse sshhn-[y-hX - vIcWw hgn. CXv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS sXmgn-e-hkcw Gsd h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° m≥ klmbn°pw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

Scheme ˛ Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-bp-ambn _‘tImgvkp-I-fpsS sshhn-[y-hXvI-cWw \S-°p∂ IΩyq-Wn‰n s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°pw. MED hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂Xv ITI, ITC t]mfn-sS-Iv\nIv kvIow

tIc-fØ - nse t]mfn-sS-I\ v n-°n-eqsS {]Xn-h¿jw 9520 Untπma tlmƒU¿amscbmWv ]cn-io-en-∏n®v hnSp-∂-sX¶n¬ ˛ CDTP kvIow hgn 18,000 t]¿°v GsX-¶nepw sXmgn-en¬ {lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. 3 amkw apX¬ 6 amkw hsc ssZ¿Ly- a p- ≈ Xv bYm¿∞- a mbn sXmgn¬ sNøm≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-IbmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXym-h-iy-amb Xnbdn am{X-amWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip∂ Cu ]cnio-e\w sXmgn¬ cwKØv IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Isf e`y-am-°m\pw sXmgn¬ FSp°p-∂-h¿°v am\y-amb thX\w e`n°p-∂X - n\pw CS-bm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. sXmgn¬ hnj- b - ß ƒ Hmtcmh¿jhpw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw sXcs™-Sp°mw F∂Xv Cu kvIoans‚ {]tXy-I-X-bmWv ˛ GXm≠v 200-˛-Hmfw sXmgn¬ taJ-eI - ƒ CXn-\mbn Is≠Øn-bn-´p-≠v. sXmgn¬ ÿm]-\ß - f - n¬ tImgvkv \¬I¬ : Eg. Welding, Spray painting, Aluminium Fabricaiton. [t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°n¬ {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ XpS¿hnZym`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw sXmgn¬ ]cn-ioe\w kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v] sF.-Sn.sF Iƒ aptJ\/Un.-Pn.-Sn. hn`m-h\w sNbvX Modular Employment

XpSßn Hu]-Nm-cnI ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ H∂pw ]Tn-°msX ]mc-º-cy-am-tbm, h¿°v t jm- ∏ p- I - f n¬\n∂pw a‰ptam GsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬ ]Tn®v B taJe-bn¬ Xs∂ tPmen sNøp-∂-h¿°v _‘-s∏´ taJ-e-bn¬ Bh-iy-amb Xnb-dn-bpw, B[p-\nI b{¥-ß-fnse a‰p-]-I-c-W-ß-fntem {lkz-amb ]cnio-e\w \¬In (2 BgvN apX¬ 3 amkw hsc) Ahsc Hcp eLp-]-co£bv°v hnt[-ba - m°n ˛ sF.-Sn.-sF.°v Xpey-amb k¿´n-^n-°‰v \¬Ip-IbmWv. AXp-hgn hyh-kmb taJ-e-bnepw hntZ-iØpw \√ thX-\-ap≈ tPmen e`y-am-°p-I-bp-amWv CXns‚ e£yw. tIc-fØ - n¬ CXpw as‰mcp I®-hS- am-°m-\mWv ]e sF.-Sn.-kn.-Ifpw a‰p ÿm]-\-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv. Fkv.F-kv.-F¬.-kn. Ign-™-h¿°v 3 amkw sIm≠v sF.-Sn.-sF. F∂ ]ckyw \¬In. t\csØ sXmgn¬ ]cn-N-b-an√m-Ø-h¿°v Ipdp-°p-h-gn-bn¬ k¿´n^n-°‰v \¬Im-\m-bn-cp∂p {iaw. Cu c≠v kvIoap-Isf°pdn®pw ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®Xv ˛ CXv kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-kØ - n¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°m-\mIptam F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°s - ∏-Sm-\m-Wv.

sSIv\n-°¬ sslkvIq-fp-Iƒ s]mXpsh sP.-Sn.-F-kv. F∂-dn-bs∏-Sp∂ sSIv\n-°¬ sslkvIq-fp-Ifpw ˛ kwÿm\ kmt¶-XnI hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-hbm-Wv. kwÿm-\Øv BsI 39 T.H.S. IfmWv D≈- X v . {]Xn- h ¿jw 2255 t]¿°mWv {]th-i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. 8˛mw ¢mkn-te-°mWv {]th-i\ - w. 8, 9, 10 ¢mkp-I-fn¬ km[m-cW hnZym-eb-ß-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ hnj-b-ßƒ Xs∂-bmWv T.H.S. Ifnepw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂-Xv. F∂m¬ lnμn, _tbm-fPn hnjb-ßƒ ChnsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. aebmfw `mKn-I-ambn am{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p≠v. 8˛mw ¢mkn¬ h®p-Xs∂ GsX¶nepw \mev sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn¬ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ - hpw _‘-s∏´ Xnb-dnbpw ]Tn-∏n-°pw. c≠mw- h¿jam-hp-tºmƒ t\csØ ]Tn® sXmgnen¬ Ah¿ ImWn® {]mhoWyw IW°n-se-SpØv GsX-¶nepw Hcp sXmgnen¬ hnZKv[ ]cn-io-e\ - Ø - n-\mbn sXcs™-Sp-°p-I-bpw, 10-˛mw ¢mkv Ign-bptºm-tg°v hnZym¿∞n°v _‘-s∏´ sXmgn-en-te°v t\cn´v {]th-in-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv hnZKv[ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. am¿®v 2012

10 hyXykv X sXmgn- e p- I - f mWv kwÿm-\-Øp-S-\ofw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. sh¬Unw-Kv, tamt´m¿ sa°m-\n-°v, ^n‰¿, S¿W¿, B¿ B‚ v F.-kn. sa°m-\n-Iv, Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivkv, dn∏-bdnwKv B‚ v sabn‚-\≥kv Hm^v tlmw Aπ-b≥k-kv, A{Kn-°ƒ®¿ F∂n-ßs\-bmWv hnj-bß - ƒ. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ 2255 t]¿ ]cn-ioe\w ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xmbn ]pd-Øp-h∂v Hcp sXmgn-enepw {]th-in-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv kXyw. F√m-hcpw t]mfnsS-Iv\n-°n-te°v {]th-i\w e`n-°m\p≈ Ipdp-°p-hg - n-bm-bmWv T.H.S. ]T\sØ ImWp-∂-Xv. Npcp°w Nne¿ VHSE / +2 \v t]mIp-∂p-≠v. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Terminal Stage 12-˛mw ¢mkv Bb kml-N-cyØnepw, Hcmƒ°v t\cn´v hyh-km-bim-e-bn¬ {]th-in-°m≥ 18 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠X - p≠v F∂-Xn-\mepw T.H.S. kwhn-[m\w ]q¿W-ambpw am‰Øn\v hnt[-b-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. T.H.S. F∂Xv (T.H.S.S) Technical Higher Secondary kvIqƒ Bbn amdp-I-bpw, 10˛mw ¢mkn-\p-tijw am{Xw sXmgn¬ ]cnio-e\w \¬Ip∂ coXn \S-∏m-t°-≠Xp-ap≠v. \ne-hn-ep≈ `uXnI kml-N-cyßƒ D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ CXv \S-∏n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw. am{X-a√, t\csØ Hgn-hm-°s - ∏´ hnj-bß - ƒ (ln-μn, _tbm-f-Pn, ae-bmfw F∂nh) Dƒs∏sS F√m ASn-ÿm\ hnj-bßfpw F√m-hcpw ]Tn°pw F∂p-d-∏ph-cp-Øm\pw km[n-°pw. imkv{X-KXn

T.H.S.S.¬ anI® hnPbw ssIh-cn°p-∂h - ¿°v Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ t]mfn-sSIv \ n°v {]th- i \w \¬Ip- I bpw Bhmw. T.H.S.S. ]Tn-®-h¿°v a‰v am\-hnI hnj-b-ß-fn-te°v amdm≥ B{K-l-aps≠- ¶ n¬, GsX- ¶ nepw {_nUv P v tImgvkv ]mkm-IWw F∂ \n_-‘\bpw D≠m-°m≥ km[n-°pw. as‰mcp \n¿t±iw D≈Xv ˛ ]q¿Wambpw t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°v tImtf-Pp-Iƒ B°n am‰pI F∂-Xm-Wv. ImcWw t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-I-fn¬ D≈ AtX em_v / h¿°v t jm∏v kuI- c y- ß ƒ Xs∂-bmWv T.H.S.Ifnepw D≈Xv F∂Xm-Wv. CXv hn-iZ- a - mbn N¿® sNø-s∏tS-≠X - m-W.v

MED hn`m-h\w sNøp∂Xv ITI, ITC XpSßn Hu]-Nm-cnI ÿm]-\-ßfn¬ H∂pw ]Tn-°msX ]mc-º-cy-am-tbm, h¿°vtjm-∏p-Ifn¬\n∂pw a‰ptam GsX¶nepw sXmgn¬ ]Tn®v B taJ-e-bn¬ Xs∂ tPmen sNøp-∂-h¿°v _‘-s∏´ taJ-e-bn¬ Bh-iy-amb Xnb-dn-bpw, B[p-\nI b{¥-ß-fnse a‰p-]-I-c-W-ß-fntem Sn.-Pn.-Fw.-Sn.-kn. {lkz-amb ]cn-io-e\w kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-∏n\v \¬In Ahsc Hcp eLpIogn¬ 42 TGMTC {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]-co-£bv°v hnt[-bCXp-hgn {]Xn-h¿jw 840 hnZym¿∞nam°n ˛ sF.-Sn.-sF.°v Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂p. Fkv.Xpey-amb k¿´n-^n-°‰v F-kv.-F¬.-kn. hnP-b-amWv {]th-i\ \¬Ip-IbmWv. AXp-hgn tbmKy-X. ap≥h¿jw tImgvkns‚ t]cphyh-kmb taJ-e-bnepw am‰n Tailoring and Fashion Designe hntZ-iØpw \√ thX-\- Course F∂m°n am‰n-bn-´p-≠v. ap≈ tPmen e`y-am-°p-I- sImta-gvky¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Diploma in Commercial Practices F∂ bp-amWv CXns‚ e£yw. tImgvkmWv Cu ÿm]\w hgn \StIc-f-Øn¬ CXpw Øp-∂-Xv. Typewriting, ShortHand Enas‰mcp I®-h-S-am-°mglish, Malayalam, Computer ]cn⁄m\w, \mWv ]e sF.-Sn.-kn.Accountancy, Book Keeping F∂o hnjIfpw a‰p ÿm]-\-ßfpw b-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. 17 Commercial Institute IfmWv tIcD]-tbm-Kn-®Xv. f-Øn¬ D≈-Xv. Ch 1020 hnZym¿∞n-I-

Kh- s ◊‚ v \ntbm- K n® IΩn‰n CubnsS-bmWv dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-®-Xv.

sF.-Sn.-sF.-˛-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-C-˛sI.-Pn.-kn.-C. Xmc-Xayw ta¬hnj-bØ - n¬ Hmtcm taJ-eb - nsebpw s]mXp-hmb tImgvkv skeIvSv sNbvXv hni-Za - mbn Xmc-Xa - y-]T - \w \SØp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. 13 hn`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn®mWv XmcXayw sNbvX-Xv. Subject, duration of courses, Expected working days as per academic Calender, total hour’s alloted for teaching, conduct of exam and issue of certificate, Basic qualification of trainees for admission, qualifications of Instructors/workshop assistants, allied trades to be studied along with main subject, classroom size prescribed, Practical space, student intake, strength and weakness of each...

sf-bmWv {]Xn-h¿jw {]th-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

shmt°-j-W¬ s{Sbn-\nMv sk‚¿ 4 V.T.C Ifp-s≠-¶nepw 4 epw IrXyamb ]T\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-Ip∂n-√. 4 ÿm]-\hpw Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Pn√-bn-emWv ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv.

sF.-Sn.-sF. tIc-fØ - n¬ ˛ G‰hpw hy‡-ambn DX-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ {Im^v‰vam≥amsc hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-amWv I.T.I Iƒ. DGT BWv tImgv k pw kne_ pw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

sI.-Pn.-kn.-C. tIc-fØ - n¬ 7 t{SUp-If - n-embn \nch[n ss{]h‰v ÿm]-\-ßƒ KGCE tImgvkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p-≠.v c≠p-h¿j°mew ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ tImgvkp-If - m-Wv Ch. 1. Automobile Engineering, 2. Civil, 3. Mechanical, 4. Electronics & Telecommunication, 5. Electrical, 6. AC / Refrigeration, 7. Radio & TV Mechanism F∂o

t{SUp- I - f n¬ Bh- i y- a mb Xnbdn ]T\w \S-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw icn-bmb {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w th≠{X e`n°p-∂n-√.

hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-C+2 {]th-i\w e`n-°m-Ø-h¿°v ]n≥hm-Xn-en-eqsS lb¿ sk-°≥Udn°v Xpey-amb ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ahkcw am{X-ambn amdnbncn-°p∂p. VHSE ]q¿W-ambpw sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Øn\p am{X-ap-≈X - mbn amt‰-≠X - p-≠v. ITI/VHSE/KGCE Isf hnhn[ sXmgnep- I ƒ°p kam- \ - a mbn AwKo- I - c n°Ww F∂ Bhiyw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v

kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-kØns‚ Terminal Stage 12˛mw ¢mkv Bb kml-Ncy-Ønepw, Hcmƒ°v t\cn´v hyh-km-b-im-ebn¬ {]th-in-°m≥ 18 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠Xp≠v F∂-Xn-\mepw T.H.S. kwhn-[m\w ]q¿W-ambpw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. T.H.S. F∂Xv (T.H.S.S)

CXn¬\n∂pw Zznh-’c sF.-Sn.sF. tImgvkv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂Xv 4800 aWn-°q¿ ]T-\Ø - n-\p-ti-ja - m-W.v KGCE 1920 Hrs.Dw, VHSE 1360 Hrs.Dw am{Xam-W.v as‰√m Imcy-ßf - nepw Cu A¥cw hy‡-am-W.v Bb-Xn-\m¬ ˛ Ch-sb√mw Xpey- a m- s W∂v Xocp- a m- \ n- ° m≥ bmsXmcp Imc- W hpw ImWp- ∂ n√ F∂mWv Cu dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-™n-cn°p-∂-Xv. KGCE tImgvkns\ sF.-Sn.sF. tImgvkn\p kam-\a - m-°m≥ F¥pam-‰-amWv hcp-tØ-≠Xv F∂p IqSn \n¿t±-in°m≥ Kh-s◊‚ v IΩn-‰n-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

Technical Higher Secondary

lb¿ sk°≥Udn Xe-Ønse

sshhn-[y-h-XvI-cWw kvIqƒ Bbn amdp-Ilb¿ sk°≥Udn Xe-Ønepw bpw, 10-˛mw ¢mkn-\psXmgn¬ hnj-bß - ƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw tijw am{Xw sXmgn¬ F∂pw AXv sXmgn¬ hnZ- K v ≤ sc ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip∂ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\√ ]Icw sXmgn¬ coXn \S-∏m-t°-≠-XpAh-t_m[w krjvSn-°m-\mWv F∂ ap≠v. A`n-{]m-bt- ØmSv ]q¿W-ambpw tbmPn\ne-hn-ep≈ `uXnI °p- ∂ p, "F' seh¬ "H' seh¬ kml-N-cy-ßƒ D]-tbm-K- tImgvkpIƒ D≠m-IpI Xs∂-bmWv A`n-Imayw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ F√m-hcpw GsX-¶nepw sXmgn¬ CXv \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Xs‚ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn km[n-°pw. am{X-a-√, A`y-kn-®n-cn-°Ww F∂ Km‘n-bpsS t\csØ Hgn-hm-°-s∏´ A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv Hcn-°¬ Hcp A\phnj-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏sS bmbn tNmZn-®Xv _m¶-dpsS aI≥ F√m ASn-ÿm\ hnj-b- F¥n-\mWv \q¬\q¬]v ]Tn-°p-∂Xv F∂m- b n- c p- ∂ p. AXn\v Km‘nPn ßfpw F√m-hcpw \¬Inb adp-]-Sn, sXmgn¬ ]T-\-Øn]Tn°pw F∂p-d-∏p-h-cpeqsS Ah≥ ssIh-cn-°p∂ sshZØm\pw km[n-°pw. Kv≤yw Ahs‚ `mhn-bnse _m¶nwKv {]hr-Øn Imcy-£aam°m≥ klmbn°pw F∂m-Wv. am¿®v 2012

Ih¿tÃmdn s{]m^. sI. {io[-c≥

sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\hpw

hnZym-`ym-khpw Adn-hns\ Adn-hp-ev]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bm°n am‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ D∂-X-hn-Zym-]o-T-ßfpw Adn-hns\ a\p-jy-ti-jn-bm-°n-am-‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ Iayq-Wn-‰n-tIm-tf-Pp-Ifpw F∂o \ne-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn\v c≠v t{iWn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. B coXn-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-ksØ ]p\:{Iao-I-cn-°Ww. GsXm-cmƒ°pw Pohn-°m≥ Hcp sXmgn¬ thWw. Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw t]mse Xs∂ auen-Iam-Wv sXmgn-se-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imihpw AXn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\p≈ Ah-c-k-hpw. apgp-h≥ t]¿°pw tPmen \¬Im≥ k¿°m- c n\v Ign- b p- I - b n- √ . k¿°m¿ tPmen ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øn-t‚-Xmb Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ F√m kwLSnX taJ-e-bnepw sXmgn-ep-Iƒ Ipd-™p-hc - n-Ib - m-Wv. h≥In-SI - º - \n-Is - f√mw sXmgn-se-Sp-°p-∂h - c - psS FÆw Ipd®p sIm≠p-hc - n-Ib - m-W.v sdbn¬sh, P & T, _m¶n-wKv,... XpSßnb F√m s]mXpta-J-e-I-fnepw sXmgn¬ Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂p. imkv{X-KXn

tPm_vekv t{KmØv F∂ ]pXnb {]Xn-`mkw hym]n-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. CXv a\p-jys‚ sXmgn-se-Sp-°m\p≈ Ah- I m- i sØ l\n- ° pIbpw hf¿®-bpsS t\´sØ kaql-Øn¬ {]k-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnLmX-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ kaql-Øn¬ {]kcn°p-∂Xv {]mtZinI DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-I-fn-eq-sSbmWv; P\-km-am\yw AØcw taJe-I-fn¬ I¿tam-∑p-J-cmbn CS-s]Sp-tºm-gm-Wv. Cu CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ A¿∞-h-ØmIp-∂Xv AXn-\p≈ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ krjv S n- ° - s ∏- S p- t ºm- g mWv Cu ss\]p-Wn-If - m-Is´ A\-h[n A\h-[n-bmWv. kl-{k-am\w?

Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-eqsS kl-{k- am-\-amb CØcw ss\]pWn-Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøpI km[y-a√. Hu]- N m- c nI hnZym- ` ymkw sXmgn-e[ - n-jT v nXam°nbXpsIm≠v AXv \S-°n-√. Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønse sk°‚dn L´-Øn¬ sXmgn¬ hnZym-`ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-W.v AXv sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-a-√. sXmgnens‚ al-Xzhpw A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw sXmgn¬kw-kvIm-chpw a\- n-em°m-\p≈ Hcp aqeym-[n-jT v nX hnZym`ym-k-am-bn-cn-°-Ww AXv. kvIqfpI-fn¬ Irjn-bn-Sß - fpw h¿°vtjm∏p-Ifpw a‰v ]Wn-bn-S-ßfpw D≠mhp-Ibpw Ahn-sS- \n∂v sXmgn¬ sNøp-Ibpw thWw. ]t£ CXv

sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈ s{Sbn-\nßv A√. ImcWw Cu L´-Øn¬ sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-te°v Xncn®p hn´v ssIsØm-gn-en-te°p≈ th¿Xncnhv \S-Øm≥ am{Xw A`n-cp-Nnbpw Xm¬]-cyhpw IrXy-ambn cq]-s∏-SpItbm AYhm cq]-s∏´m¬Xs∂ AXv {]I-Sa - m-hp-Ip-Itbm C√. (Cu L´-Øn¬ th¿Xn-cnhv \S-Ønbm¬ kmam-\y-amb \n¿[-\¿ ]T\tijn Ds≠-¶n¬t]mepw sXmgn¬ taJe-bn-te°pw kº-∂¿ th≠{X ]T\-tijn Cs√-¶nepw XpS¿]-T\ - Ø - nte°pw sXc-s™-Sp-°s - ∏-Spw) am{X-hp-a√ sk°‚dn L´w (15,16 hb- v ) Ign™v hcp∂ Hcp Ipńsb sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn-te°v Xncn®p hnSp-∂X - v kmaq-ly-im-kv{X]-c-ambn DNn-X-hp-a-√. sk°‚dn hnZym-`ym-khpw Hcp thf lb¿sk-°‚-dnbpw ]q¿Ønbm-°p-Ibpw XpS¿]-T\w Imw£n°m-Ø-hcpw sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bnte°v IS∂psN√m≥ Xm¬]-cy-s∏´p-ap≈ 1½˛2 e£tØmfw t]¿ C∂v h¿jw- { ]Xn tIc- f - Ø n¬ D≠m-°p-∂p≠v (Hcp ]©m-bØ - n¬ 100-˛150 t]¿). Ch¿ hnZym-`ymk Bkq- { X- W - Ø n¬ Fhn- s Sbpw th≠ coXn-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-ńń-√. Ch¿ Imbn-Im-[zm\ {][m-\-a-√mØXpw ss\]p-Wn-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xpamb sXmgn-emWv B{K-ln-°p-∂X - .v Ah-cpsS A`n-cp-Nnbpw tijnbpw AØcw sXmgn-ep-If - n-em-Wv. AØcw sXmgn-ep-Iƒ {]tZ-in-Iambn \nc-h[n C∂v tIc-f-k-aq-lØn¬ D≠v.

AXn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Im\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-\hpw Chn-sSbn-√. t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°p-Ifpw ITI Ifp-amWv D≈-Xv. t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-°pI-fm-Is´ hnZKv[ sXmgn-em-fn-I-sfb√ krjvSn-°p-∂X - v. ITI Iƒ \maam-{X-am-Wv, Ah hyh-kmb sXmgnem-fn-Isf krjvSn-°p-∂X - n\v hn`mh\w sNbvXh - b - m-W.v AXn-\\ - p-krX-am-bp≈ GXm\pw ]c-º-cm-KX taJ-e-I-fn-emWv Ah ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂X - v. {]mtZ-in-I-am-bXpw ]pXnb kmaqly-B-h-iy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imen-Ia - mb \nc-h[n Dev]m-Z\ - ˛- t- kh\ taJ- e - I - f nse ss\]pWn {][m-\a - mb \nc-h[n sXmgn-ep-Iƒ D≠v . ]cn- i o- e \w e`n®hcpsS A`m-h-am-Wv Cu cwKw t\cn-Sp-∂apJy-{]-iv\w. CXp- X - s ∂- b mWv tIc- f - Ø ns‚ c≠mw -X-e-apd hnI-k\ {]iv\-ßfn¬ {][m-\s - ∏´ H∂v˛ hyZym-`ymk cwKw hnIkn®-t∏mƒ AXn-\\ - p-krX-ambn ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS hnImkhpw sXmgn¬ ta-Je - b - psS hnImkhpw \S-∂n-√. `q]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ ^e-ambn Irjn-`qan Xp≠-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏-´t∏mƒ AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb Irjnco-Xn-Ifpw kq£vaX - e b{¥-hX - vIc-Whpw Im¿jnI sXmgn¬ taJe-bnse a\p-jy-hn-`-h-hn-I-k-\hpw D≠m-bn√ F∂Xpw tIc-f-Øns‚ Hcp c≠mw-X-e-apd hnI-k-\-{]-iv\am-W.v ]c-º-cm-KX hyh-kmb taJ-e-Ifnse ss\]p-Wn-hn-Ik - \ - hpw b{¥h-XvI-c-Whpw Dev]m-Z-\- \-ho-I-cWhpw ]pØ≥ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-

I-fpsS {]tbm-Khpw D≠m-bn√ F∂Xpw as‰mcp {][m\ {]iv\am-W.v Cu kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-ß-tfm-sS-√map≈ {]Xn- I - c - W - s a- ∂ - \ne°v thWw tIc- f - Ø ns‚ sXmgn¬ hnZym-`ym-ksØ ImtW-≠X - .v Hu]Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ 10, +2, F∂n- h bv ° v tijw AXns‚ XpS¿®-sb∂ \ne°v ss\]p-Wn-hnI-k\ {][m-\-amb Hcp sXmgn¬ hnZym-`ymk cwKw IqSn krjvSn-°pI F∂-XmWv G‰hpw Ic-Wobw 2 e£w-t]¿ hoXw hkn-°p∂ 4 ˛Hm 5˛Hm ]©m-b-Øp-Isf Hcp bq\n‰v Bbn I≠v AhnsS ss\]pWn-{]-[m-\-amb sXmgn-ep-Iƒ ]cnio-en-∏n-°p∂ Hcp tI{μw F∂ \ne°v 100-˛120 sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\ tI{μ-ßƒ kwÿm-\Øv Bcw`n°mw. Npcp-ßnbXv 500 t]sc hoXw AhnsS ]cn-io-en-∏n°m≥ Ign-bpw. 10˛Hm 12˛Hm sXmgn-ep-Iƒ hoXw. Ch Pn√ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ Bkq-{XWw sNømw. ChnsS ]Tn- ∏ n- ° m- \ mh- i y- a mb amÃ¿ s{Sbv\¿amsc krjvSn-°p-I, tImgvkp-Iƒ°p≈ ]mTy-{I-ahpw ]T\ kma-{Kn-Ifpw Hcp-°pI, Chbv°p≈ A°m- Z - a nI kq∏¿ hnj≥ \S- Ø pI F∂n- h bv ° v kwÿm-\X - e - Ø - n¬ kwhn-[m-\a - p≠m-I-Ww. s]mXp hnZym-`ym-kØn\v sNe- h m- ° p- ∂ - X ns‚ 5% ^≠v CXn-\p-th≠n am‰n-sh-®p ASpØ 5 h¿jw-sIm≠v Npcp-ßnbXv 5 e£w t]sc sXmgn¬ cwKØv hn\y-kn-°m≥ Ignbpw C∂sØ ITI Isf sNdp-In-S-˛-a-[yXe hyh-km-bß - f - p-ambn _‘n-∏n°p-Ibpw AØcw Dev]m-Z\ - t- I-{μßƒ°v th≠ kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv[tcbpw kvIn¬Uv sXmgn-em-fn-Itfbpw ]cn-io-en∏n°p∂ °p∂ tI{μ- ß - f mbn hnI- k n- ∏ n- ° p- I . hyh- k m- b - s Xm- g n- e m- f n- I - f psS sshZKv[yw \nc-¥-c-ambn ]cn-t]mjn-∏n-°m\pw ITI Ifn¬ kwhn-[m\-ap-≠m-IWw. sXmgn¬ime-Ifpw CØcw ÿm]-\-ßfpw XΩn¬ \√ ssPh-_‘w D≠m-bn-cn-°W - w. JTS Ifpw shmt°- j - W ¬ lb¿sk-°-≠-dn-Ifpw ]cm-P-b-ambn- c ns° Ahsb ta¬∏- d ™ GsX-¶nepw hn`m-KØ - n¬s∏SpØn ]p\-{I-ao-Ic - n-°W - w. +2 Dw D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw Creativity, Critical thinking, Communications, Collabration F∂nh am¿®v 2012

krjvSn-°p-∂Xn\v Du∂¬ \¬IWw. Adn-hns\ Adn-hp-ev]m-Z-\-ti-jnbm°n am‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ D∂-X-hnZym-]o-T-ßfpw Adn-hns\ a\p-jyti-jn-bm-°n-am-‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ IayqWn-‰n-tIm-tf-Pp-Ifpw F∂o \nebn¬ D∂-Xh - n-Zym-`ym-kØ - n\v c≠v t{iWn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. B coXn-bn¬ D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-ksØ ]p\:{Iao-I-cn-°Ww.

A\p-_‘w {]mtZ- i n- I - a mbn Bcw- ` n- t °≠ kvIn¬ Uh-e-]vsa‚ v sk‚-dp-I-fn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \¬tI≠ Nne taJ-eI - ƒ.

1. \n¿am-W-ta-Je C∂v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ {]mtZ-in-Iambn tPmen-km-[y-I-fp≈ Hcp taJ-ebm-Wn-Xv. ]cn-io-e\w e`n® kvIn¬Uv Bb sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS A`m-h-amWv A\p- ` - h - s ∏- S p∂ {][m\ {]iv \ w. ss\]pWn hnI-k\w Bh-iy-amb Nne taJ-e-Iƒ: I√v sh´v I√v sNØv tªm°v sabv°nßv CjvSnI \n¿amWw kna‚ P v \¬, hmXn¬ \n¿amWw sI´nSw πm≥ hc-∏v, FÃ-ta-‰v, Unssk- \ nßv ssk‰v kq∏¿ hnj≥ I¬∏- S - h v , πmÃdnßv Im¿s]‚dn ^¿Wn-®¿ \n¿amWw Icn-¶¬]Wn tIm¨{Io-‰nßv sk‚-dnßv Aeq-an\nbw ^m{_n-t°-j≥ t]mfn-jnßv, s]bn‚nßv πw_nßv CeIv { Sn- ^ n- t °- j ≥ C‚o- c n- b ¿ Unssk≥ ^vtfm-dnßv t^mt´m--WnIvkv FIv‰o-cn-b¿ Un-ssk≥ & Km¿U\nßv tamUyp-e¿ In®≥ ]pI-bn-√mØ ASp∏v tkmfn-Utv hÃv amt\--Ps v a‚ v agsh- ≈ - k w- ` - c Wn \n¿amWw tkmfm¿sS-I\ v o-jy≥ lcn-Xk - mt¶-Xn-I-hn-Z-Kv[¿ (Green Technolgists) {Sºv h - ¿°v dq^v sebdnßv (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

2. Im¿jn-I-ta-Je ^vtfmdn-Iƒ®¿ tlm¿´n- IƒI®¿ t\gvkdn sabv°nßv Im‰v¬ ^m-anßv ]n§dn ajvdqw Iƒ®¿ t]mƒ{Sn -^m-anßv {^q´v {]nk¿th-j≥ Snjyq-Iƒ®¿ t]mÃv lm¿shÃv sSIvt\mfPn A{Kn-Iƒ®d¬ ssat{Imsa-°m-\nIv `£y-kw-kvIc - Ww hmeyq AUo-j≥ C≥ A{Knt{]mUIvvk tIm°-\´v ss¢ºnßv Hm¿Km-\nIv ^manßv {]nkn-j≥ ^manßv ^njv^mimkv{X-KXn

anßv ^njv t {]m- k - nßv & {]nk-¿th-j≥ (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

3. amt\-Pvsa‚ v amt\- P v s a‚ v F∂v ]d- ™ m¬ MBA F∂mWv F√m-hcpw Icp-Xp-I. sNdp- X ns\ hepXv hngp- ß p∂ ]pØ≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v X{¥amW-Xv. F∂m¬ sNdp-Xns\ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kq£va-X-e-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v hnZ-Kv≤sc \ap°v [mcm-f-ambn Bh-iy-ap-≠v. NneXv NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p. sNdp-InS tlm´¬ \mta-Pvsa‚ v Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ amt\-Pvsa‚ v h¿Iv jm∏v amt\-Pvsa‚ v kvtamƒ ^mw amt\-Pvsa‚ v kvtamƒ F‚¿ss{]-kkv amt\Pvsa‚ v hm´¿ sjUv amt\-Pvsa‚ v t^mdÃv amt\-Pvsa‚ v I¨kv{S-£≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v C≥t]m¿´v FIvkvt]m¿´v amt\Pvsa‚ v skbn¬kv amt\-Pvsa‚ v dqd¬ am¿°-‰nßv Cuh‚ v amt\-Pvsa‚ v tlmw amt\- P vsa‚ v (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

4. sUmaÃnIv k¿ho-kkv sUma-ÃnIv sSIv\o-jy≥ tlmw \gvknßv ^pUv k¿ho-knßv & Ip°nßv sIb¿ Hm^v F¬U¿en sat‰¿\n‰n k¿ho-kkv tem¨{Un k¿ho-kkv

Fb¿I-≠o-j\ - nßv k¿ho-kkv (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

5. Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ k¿hokkv Spho-e¿ sa°m-\n-°v {Xo hoe¿ sa°m-\n°v Im¿ k¿ho-kkv Im¿ Fb¿I-≠o-j\ - nßv t_mUn k¿ho-knßv Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ Ce-Iv{Sn°¬ k¿ho-knßv (enÃv A]q¿Ww)

6. C˛ k¿ho-knßv Iºyq-´¿ lm¿Uv shb¿ & s\‰v h¿°nßv Un.-Sn.-]n˛ {Km^nIv Unssk\nßv sh_vssk‰v sSIv\o-jy≥ Iºyq-´¿ F°u-≠nßv Iºyq-´¿ Hm^okv amt\-Pvsa‚ v B\n-ta-j≥ Iºyq-´¿ t{]m{Kmanßv tkm^v‰vth¿ Uh-e-]vsa‚ v t^m¿ tem°¬ bqkv (enÃv A]q¿Ww) GXm\pw DZm-l-c-ßƒ am{Xta sImSp-Øn-´p-≈q. Cßs\ \nc-h[n sXmgn-ep-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n°mw. Ch-bn¬ ]eXpw sNøm≥ {]m]vXc - mb Bfn-√mØXv aqew sNø-s∏-SmsX t]mIp-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv bmYm¿∞yw. Ch-sb√mw {]mtZ-inI Bh-iy-ßfpw {]mtZ-inI hnI-k\ - h - p-ambn _‘-s∏´ sXmgn¬ taJ-eI - f - m-W.v Cu sXmgn¬ taJ-eI - ƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂X - v {]mtZ-inI hnI-k\-Øns‚ A\n-hmcy LS-Ia - m-Wv.

Ih¿tÃmdn s{]m^. Sn.]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥

_ncp-Z- hn-Zym-`ymkcwKw ]It]m°¬ BtcmSv? tI{μ-k¿°m-cpw, bp.-Pn.-kn.-bp-sams° _ncp-Z-Xe CCSSs\ IqSp-X¬ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v FØn-°m-\p≈ {ia-Øn-em-Wv. F∂m¬, tIc-f-Ønse k¿°m¿ Ct∏mƒ t\man-t\‰v sNbvXp-≠m-°nb kn≥Un-t°-‰p-I-fm-Is´ CXn-\Iw \S-∏m°n Ign-s™mcp hyh-ÿ-sb, sX‰v XncpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw apf-bn¬Xs∂ \p≈n-°-f-bm-\mWv {ian-°p∂-Xv.

tIc-f-Ønse _ncpZ hnZym-`ym-kcw-KØv henb {]Xo-£-I-tfmsS \S∏m-°nb ]co-£W - a- m-bn-cp∂p "tNmbvkv t_kvUv {IUn‰v˛ska-Ã¿ knÃw' AYhm knkn-F-kv-Fkv (CCSS). Cu ]co-£Ww Cs∂mcp {]Xn-k‘ - n-bn-emWv. CCSS s‚ "A]m-I-X-Iƒ' ]Tn-°p∂- X n- \ mbn D∂X hnZym- ` ymk Iu¨kn¬ Hcp IΩ-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn®n-cn-°p-∂p. tImgn-t°mSv k¿e-I-emim- e - b m- I - s ´, ]T- \ - ß ƒs°m∂pw ImØp-\n¬°msX AXn\p Iogn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ 2011-˛12 t_®v _ncp-Z-hn-

Zym¿∞n-If - psS H∂pw c≠pw ska-Ã¿ ]co-£-Iƒ H∂n®p \S-Øn-bm¬ aXn F∂p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ^e-Øn¬ ska- Ã ¿ coXn- b psS A¥y- Ø n\p XpS°w Ipdn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CCSS \S- ∏ m- ° nb Hmtcm L´Ønepw Gsd sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Db¿∂ncp-∂p. Nne {]iv\ß - s - fms° ap≥Iq´n ImWm\pw Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F¶nepw _ncpZ hnZym-`ymkcwKsØ ka-{K-amsbmcp ]p\x-kw-Lm-S\ - s - a∂ \ne-bn¬ AXns\∏‰n ]Tn® tUm. Fw. hnPbs‚ (_w-K-fq¿, C¥y≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

Hm^v kb≥knse tamfn- ° p- e ¿ _tbm ^nknIvkv hIp-∏v A[y-£≥) t\Xr- X z- Ø n- e p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ IΩn‰n CCSS \S-∏m-°m≥ ip]m¿i sNøp-Ibm- b n- c p- ∂ p. CXv kw_- ‘ n® dnt∏m¿´n¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p˛ “The attempt should be to introduce a modified CCS initially and to move towards the full system progressively by incorporating changes incrementally”.

Cu \ne-]m-Sn¬ Du∂n-\n∂v \S-∏m°nb CCSS \v Ht´sd IS-º-Iƒ IS°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-sXmcp hkvXpam¿®v 2012

X-bm-Wv. AXv ad-®p-h-bvt°≠ Imcyhp-an-√. ]t£, tIc-f-Ønse D∂-Xhn-Zym-`ym-kc - w-Kw, {]tXy-In®pw _ncpZ hnZym- ` ym- k - X ew B{K- l n- ® n- c p- ∂ , AhnsS A\n-hm-cy-ambpw \S-t°-≠nbn-cp∂ ka-{K-am-sbmcp ]cn-jvI-c-WØn\v AXp-hgn \mμn Ipdn-°p-I-bmbn-cp-∂p. "bp\kvtIm' apt∂m-´p-h® hnZym-`ymk e£y-ßƒ°v (The Four Pillars of Education) A\p-kr-Xa - mb am‰ßƒ Chn-tSbpw th≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]T\w, A[y- b - \ w, Kth- j - W w, {]tbmKw F∂n-hbvs°ms° th≠{X ]cn-KW - \ Int´-≠X - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. kmaqlyhpw imkv{X-˛-km-t¶-Xn-I-hp-amb ]pXnb am‰-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]T\-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ ""aƒ´n Unkn-πn-\dn'' ka-\zbw th≠-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Bh-iy-ß-sf√mw IW-°n-se-Sp-ØpsIm≠v _ncpZ ]T-\c - w-KsØ AXns‚ ka-{K-X-bn¬ Imen-I-ambpw imkv{Xob-ambpw ]p\x-kw-L-Sn-∏n-°pI F∂ ZuXy-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v \n¿h-ln-®n-cp∂-Xv. Fs¥ms° ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-≠m-bncp- s ∂- ¶ n- e pw, CXv [oc- a m- s bmcp Im¬sh-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. GsXmcp ]pXnb coXnbpw \S∏m°n hcp-tºmƒ Nne {]mtbm-KnI {]iv\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-Iam-Wv. Ah-bvs°ms° P\m-[n-]-Xy-]c-amb coXn-bn¬ F√m-hc - p-sSbpw ]¶mfn-Øt- ØmsS ]cn-lmcw ImWp-Ib - mWv th≠-Xv. \os≠mcp sImSp-°¬-˛-hmß¬ {]{Inb hgn am{Xsa CØcw kwhn-[m-\ß - sf Ip‰-a‰ - X - m-°m≥ Ignbq. F∂m¬ CCSS F∂ ]co-£Ww Xs∂ ths≠∂v hbv°p∂ \ne-]m-SnemWv Ct∏mƒ A[n-Ir-X¿ FØn-bncn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns‚ \√ DZm-l-c-WamWv H∂mw ska- Ã ¿ ]co£ ths≠∂v hbv°m-\p≈ tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-Ie - m-im-eb - psS Xocp-am-\w. skaÃ¿ k{º-Zm-bØ - n¬ ska-Ãd- ¥y ]co£bv°v Xs∂-bmWv {]m[m-\yw. AXv hm¿jnI ]co-£-bn-te°v amdn-bm¬ ]gb k{º-Zm-b-Øn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®pt]m°v Xs∂-bmWv F∂-Xn¬ kwi-ban-√.

Ip´n-Ifpw A[ym-]-Icpw Cu [mc-W°-\p-k-cn-®mWv XpS°w apX¬°pXs∂ ¢m p-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xv. F∂m¬, ChnsS _ncp-Z-X-e-Øn¬ H∂mw ska-Ã-dns‚ `mK-ambn \St°≠ Imcy-ß-sf√mw tImtfPv XeØn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]co£m Xob- X n°v th≠n ImØp- \ n∂ hnZym¿∞n-It- fm-SmWv C\n-sbmcp Bdv amkw Ign™v ]co£ Fgp-Xn-bm¬ aXn-sb∂v A[n-Ir-X¿ ]d-™-Xv. CXv Hcp coXn-bnepw \oXo-Ic - n-°m-hp∂ \S]-Sn-b-√. tImtf-Pp-I-fnse {]th-i\ ka-bØv \¬Inb t{]mkv]I - vS - nse \n¿t±-iß - f - psS ewL\w IqSn-bm-Wv.

GsXmcp ]pXnb coXnbpw \S-∏m°n hcptºmƒ Nne {]mtbm-KnI {]iv\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Ahbvs°ms° P\m-[n-]-Xy]-c-amb coXn-bn¬ F√mh-cp-sSbpw ]¶m-fn-ØtØmsS ]cn-lmcw ImWp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. \os≠mcp sImSp-°¬-˛Hcp Xncn-™p-t\m´w hm-ß¬ {]{Inb hgn Ht´sd N¿®-Iƒ°pw IqSnbncn-∏pam{Xsa CØcw kwhnIƒ°pw tij-amWv _ncp-Z-X-e-Øn¬ [m-\-ßsf Ip‰-a-‰-XmCCSS \S-∏m-°m-\p≈ Xocp-am\w tIc°m≥ Ign-bq. F∂m¬ f-Øn¬ ssIs°m-≠-Xv. D∂X hnZym`ymk Iu¨kn-em-bn-cp∂p CXn\v CCSS F∂ ]co-£Ww t\XrXzw \¬In-bX - .v G‰hpw \∂mbn Xs∂ ths≠∂v ®Xpw Hcp ]t£, tImgnhbv°p∂ \ne-]m-Sn-emWv {]h¿Ønt°ms´ kn≥Un-t°‰pw A°m-Z-anIv Ct∏mƒ A[n-Ir-X¿ kaq-lh - p-ambncp∂p. Chn-SsØ A°mFØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Z-anIv IΩn-‰n-I-sf-√mw-Xs∂ hfsc AXns‚ \√ DZm-l-c-W- Bﬂm¿∞-am-bmWv CXn¬ kl-I-cn®-Xv. amWv H∂mw ska-Ã¿ t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUo-kns‚ t\Xr]co£ ths≠∂v XzØ n¬ Hcm-gvN-tbmfw \o≠p-\n∂ hbv°m-\p≈ tImgn\√ A[ym-]I ]¶m-fnØw (85-˛-Hmfw t°mSv k¿h-I-em-im-ehsc A[ym- ] - I ¿) D≠m- b n- c p∂ bpsS Xocp-am-\w h¿°vtjm-∏p-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Icn-°pehpw kne-_ pw D≠mbn h∂-Xv. Ht´sd ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-cmb A[ym-]I¿ Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn.

Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-Ie - m-im-eb - nse Cu \o°w hfsc ap≥Iq´n Bkq{XWw sNbvXX - m-bn-cp∂p F∂v thWw Icp-Xm≥. Imc-Ww, CCSS t\mSp≈ FXn¿ {]N-c-W-ßƒ t\csØ Xs∂ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. a‰v k¿h-I-em-im-e-Ifn-sem∂pw H∂mw ska-Ã¿ ]co£ ths≠∂v h®n-´n-√. F©n-\o-bd - nwKn\v BZy-h¿jw c≠v ]co-£I - ƒ Hcp-an®p \S-Øp∂p F∂ hmZ-°m-cp-≠v. ]t£, imkv{X-KXn

Ht´sd ]pXnb ]T- \ - h n- j - b - ß ƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-sIm-≠mWv ]mTy-]≤ - X - nIƒ Xbm-dm-°n-bX - v. ]pXnb ]≤-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Hcp _m®vt]mepw CXp-hsc ]pd-Øn-d-ßnbn-ń-√. H∂m-asØ _m®ns‚ BdmasØ ska-Ã¿ ¢mkp-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah¿°v A©v skaÃ¿ hsc ]co£ \S-∂p. C\nbpw êw {]Jym-]n-°m-\p-s≠-¶nepw Hcphn[w \√- co-Xn-bn¬Øs∂ Imcy-ßƒ \S-∂n-cp-∂p. c≠m-asØ _m®ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ska-Ã¿ ]co£ P\p-hcn- ˛ 13\v \S- ∂ p. \memw ska- Ã ¿ ]co£ HIvtSm-_¿-˛\ - h - w-_d- n¬ \S-t°≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw ska-Ã¿ ]co£ \S-°p∂n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w ska-Ã¿ k{º-Zmbw Ah-km-\n®p F∂-Xp-Xs - ∂bm-sW∂v t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-t√m. ska-Ãd - ns‚ {]tXy-IX A¿[-hm¿jnI-ambn ]co£ \S°pw F∂-Xp-Xs - ∂bm-W.v kne-_ pw ]mT-]p-kX v I - ß - fpw B coXn-bn-emWv Xbm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈X - v. H∂mw ska-Ã¿ tImgvkv CXn-\Iw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Ipń-Iƒ C\nbpw Bdp-amkw Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw ]co£-sb-gp-Xn-bm¬ aXn F∂Xv bp‡n°v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. Cu Xocp-am\w ]Tn°p∂ Ipń- I - f psS `mK- Ø p- \ n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒ Hcn-°epw KpW-Ic - a - √ - . Ipń-bpsS am\-kn-I-amb Xbm-sd-Sp∏v XI-cp-Ib - m-Wv. hm¿jnI ]co-£m-k{- º-Zmbw ]p\xÿm-]n-°p-∂t- XmsS A°m-Za - nIv A¥co£w amdp-I-bm-Wv. C\n F√m Imcy-

ßfpw ]gb a´n-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cpw. Ct∏m-gsØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ lmP¿, Assk≥sa‚ v , hmNm- ] - c o- £ - I ƒ, skan-\m¿ F∂n-h-sbms° (h-fsc sa®-s∏-´s - X-¶n-epw) ka-bØ - n\v \S-°p∂p-≠v. Ipsd-tbsd Bﬂm¿∞-cmb A[ym-]-I¿ CXn-\mbn ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂pap-≠v. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw a\w-a-Sp-∏n°p∂ Xocp-am-\-amWv Ct∏mƒ k¿hI-em-ime ssIs°m-≠-Xv. `c-W-am-‰ßƒ kwÿm-\Øpw k¿h-I-em-im-eI-fn-ep-sams° D≠m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hnI-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Hcp k¿h-I-em-ime-bv°p-Io-gn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ samØw _ncpZ hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]mTw ]Tn-∏n°p∂ coXn-tbmSv tbmPn-°m≥ Ign-bn√. ska-Ã¿ k{º-Zmbw F√m-ht- cmSpw N¿®-sN-bvXmWv \S-∏m-°n-b-Xv. Npcpßn-bXv AØcw Hcp N¿® AXv Ahkm-\n-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\p-apºpw BIm-am-bncp-∂p.

_ncpZ ]T\w tIc-f-Ønse hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv C∂v B¿°pw th≠m-Ø-XmWv _ncpZ-Xe ]T-\w. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Hcp k¿°m¿ kvIqfnse ]Ømw-¢m-knse kuI-cy-ßƒt]mepw Hcp k¿°m¿ tImtf- P nse ¢mkv a p- d n- b n¬ C√. Ign™ Iptd h¿j-ß-fmbn ]mtS Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kv tImtf-Pp-If - n-tebv°v FØnt®¿∂ sNdn-sbmcp {]Xo-£-bm-bncp∂p CCSS. AXns‚ hc- t hmsS A°m-Za - nIv A¥-co£w Ipsd-sbms° DW¿∂v {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu \√ ImcysØ apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥

k¿h-Ie - m-ime _m[y-ÿa - m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu A´n- a - d n- b n¬ B¿°pw DXvIWvT Cs√-∂-Xp-Xs∂ _ncp-Z-]-T\-tØm-Sp≈ Ah-KW - \ - bv°v sXfn-hmWv. A[ym-]-I-˛-hn-Zym¿∞n kwL-S-\Iƒ°v hm¿jnI ]co-£-bn¬ Xs∂bmWv XmXv]-cyw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.

\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ, CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ F¬.-Un.-F-^v. k¿°m¿ \S-∏m°nb Hcp ]pXnb kwcw-`a - mbXn\m¬, CS-Xp-]£ Nmbvhp≈ \s√mcp `mKw A[ym- ] - I cpw hnZym¿∞n kwLS\°mcpw {]Xy-£-Øn¬ FXn¿Øncp-∂n√ F∂v ]d-bp-∂X - m-bn-cn°pw IqSpX¬ icn. AtX kabw A[ym-]I kwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-I¿ Cu {]{In-bbn¬ \¬Inb kw`m- h \ Ipd®p ImWm\pw Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬, \s√mcp `mKw A[ym- ] - I cpw `mKn- I - a mbn am{Xsa CCSS s\ Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p≈p. CCSS s\ am\-kn-Ia - mbn kzmwioI-cn-°m≥ Ah¿ Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv an° tImtf-Pp-I-fn-tebpw A\p-`-h-ßƒ ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fnse `c-W-hn-`mK-am-I-s´, ]co£m \S-Øn-∏n¬ hcptØ≠ ]cn-jI v m-cßfpw am‰-ßƒ°pw A¿ln-°p∂ Kuc-h-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-®ncp-∂n-√. tNmZy-t]-∏¿ Xbm-dm-°p-∂Xnepw ]co-£-bpsS \S-Øn∏v coXnbnepw aqey-\n¿W-b-Ønepw CCSS A\pkcn® am‰w D≠m-bn-√. Ah-sbms° ]gb coXn-bn¬ Xs∂ XpS-cp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ A[ym-]-I¿°p]Icw A\y k¿h-I-

am¿®v 2012

em- i m- e - b nse A[ym- ] - I ¿ Xs∂ tNmZy-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°-W-sa-∂-Xn¬ k¿h-I-em-ime hn´p-ho-gvNbv°v Xbmdm-bn-√. A\y \m´p-Im¿ Chn-SsØ am‰-ßs - fm∂pw a\- n-em-°msX ]gb coXn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. tNmZyßƒ hfsc A\p-Nn-X-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. aqey-\n¿W-bsØ A[ym-]-\-hr-ØnbpsS `mK-ambn IW-°m-°n, ¢Ã¿ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-am-bncp∂p; \S-∂n-√. CXn-s\m∂pw A\pIq-e-amb A¥-co-£-a√ hf¿∂p-h-∂Xv . F√m- h cpw ""h¿[n® tPmen`mc''Øn¬ Ip‰w Is≠-Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p ]e-t∏mgpw {ian-®X - .v {]iv\ß - ƒ N¿®bn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ am¿K-a√ kzoI-cn-®X - v. tImtf-Pp-If - nse Ah-[n-Im-eßƒ CCSS A\p- k - c n®v {Iao- I - c n- ° m≥ k¿°m¿ \S-]Sn ssIs°m-t≈-≠-Xmbn-cp∂p; sNbvXn-√. AXp-sIm-≠pXs∂ ]T\ Znh-kß - ƒ th≠{X e`yam-bn-√. hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-s‚bpw kzImcy ]T-\-Øn-s‚bpw KpWhpw KWhpw am‰-Ø° coXn-bn¬ ]pXnsbmcp ""tÃ‰v Hm∏¨ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n'' ÿm]n- ° m≥ th≠ \S- ] - S n- I ƒ ssIs°m-≠n-cp-s∂-¶nepw AsXm∂pw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ h∂n-√. CXn-se√mw Hcp Xpd∂ \ne-]mSv FSp-t°-≠-Xn-\p]-Icw hfsc k¶p-Nn-Xa - mb coXn-bn¬ ""kzImcy AP≠'' Iƒ \S-∏m-°m-\mWv ]ecpw {ian-®X - v. Ct∏mgpw {ian-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xpw. CØcw Imcy-ß-fnsems° Iptd- ° qSn hnim- e - a mb cmjv{Sob kao-]-\hpw N¿®bpw kahm-bhpw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp∂p; C\nbpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. tI{μ- k ¿°m- c pw, bp.- P n.- k n.- b psams° _ncp-ZX - e CCSSs\ IqSp-X¬ {]tZ-iß - f - n-te°v FØn-°m-\p≈ {iaØn-em-Wv. F∂m¬, tIc-f-Ønse k¿°m¿ Ct∏mƒ t\man-t\‰v sNbvXp≠m-°nb kn≥Un-t°-‰p-If - m-Is´ CXn\Iw \S-∏m°n Ign-s™mcp hyh-ÿsb, sX‰v XncpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-\p-]-Icw apf-bn¬Xs∂ \p≈n-°-fbm-\mWv {ian-°p∂-Xv. F√mw hfsc hfsc k¶p-Nn-Xa - mb cmjv{Sob XmXv]cy-ß-fpsS t]cn-emWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ hnim- e - a m- s bmcp cmjv{Sob Ah-t_m-[Ø - n-s‚bpw P\m[n-]Xy \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw A`m-hamWv ChnsS {]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp Imcyw Xo¿®-bm-Wv. `qcn-`mKw hcp∂ A[ym-]I - cpw hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw C∂sØ Xocp-am-\Ø - n¬ {]bm-ka - p-≈h-cm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp s{]m^-jW¬ tImgvkns‚ ]co£ Cu coXnimkv{X-KXn

tIc-f-Ønse hnZym-`ym-kcw-KØv C∂v B¿°pw th≠m-Ø-XmWv _ncp-ZXe ]T-\w. AXp-sIm-≠pXs∂ Hcp k¿°m¿ kvIqfnse ]Ømw-¢mknse kuI-cyßƒt]mepw Hcp k¿°m¿ tImtf-Pnse ¢mkvap-dn-bn¬ C√. Ign™ Iptd h¿j-ßfmbn ]mtS Ah-K-Wn-°s∏´ B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kv tImtf-Pp-I-fntebv°v FØn-t®¿∂ sNdn-sbmcp {]Xo-£-bmbn-cp∂p CCSS. AXns‚ hc-thmsS A°m-Z-anIv A¥-co£w Ipsdsbms° DW¿∂v {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu \√ ImcysØ apt∂m-´psIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ k¿hI-em-ime _m[y-ÿ-ambn-cp-∂p.

bn¬ Ań-ad - n-°m≥ GsX-¶nepw bqWnth-gk v n-‰n°v ss[cy-ap-≠m-Iptam? D≠mhn-√. Imc-Ww, AhnsS ]Tn-°p∂ IpńI-fpsS c£n-Xm-°ƒ kzm[o\w D≈-hcm-W.v B¿Svkv B≥Uv kb≥kv tImtfPp-If - nse _ncp-ZX - e - Ø - n-emWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]¿ D∂-Xh - n-Zym-`ymkw t\Sp∂-sX-¶nepw Ah-cn¬ \s√mcp ]¶pw Zcn- { Z- c m- W v . s]Ïpń- I - f p- a m- W v . AhnsS \S-°p∂ Hcp ]co-£bv°pw Fkv.- F - k v.- F ¬.- k n. ]co£ t]msetbm F≥{S≥kv ]co£ t]msetbm {]m[m-\y-an-√. Bcpw AXv {i≤n-°m-dp-an-√. sNdnb ]ng-hp-Iƒ I≠m¬ AXns\ F√m-hcpw ]¿h-XoI-cn-°pw; A{X-am-{Xw. GXm- b mepw D∂- X - hn- Z ym- ` ymkcwKsØ as‰mcp ]co£Whpw Ime-bh - \ - n-Ib - n¬ ad-bp-Ib - m-Wv. ]mh-s∏´ Ipń-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS c£n- X m- ° ƒ°pw Hcp hn`mKw Bflm¿∞- c mb A[ym- ] - I ¿°pw HgnsI Cu ""Ifn-''bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂h¿s°√mw IrXy-amb, Nne-t∏mƒ hy‡n-]c - h - p-amb, A`n-{]m-ba - p-≠v. Chbm- I - s ´, ]e- t ∏mgpw k¶p- N nX cmjv{Sob XmXv]-cy-ß-fpsS `mK-amWv Xm\pw. \n¿`m-Ky-hi - m¬, XXv]c - I - £ - nI-fpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb AP-≠-I-fmWv C°m-eØv hnP-bn-°p-∂X - .v ]cm-Pb - s - ∏Sp- ∂ - X m- I - s ´, s]mXp- k - a q- l hpw AXns‚ s]mXp AXn-cp-I-fp-am-Wv. CCSS s‚ Imcyhpw AXn¬\n∂v hyXykvXa - m-Im-\n-Sb - n-√t- √m. Imc-Ww, hnZym`ymk I®-hS- ° - mcpw hnhn-[X - cw ]¶p]-‰p-Imcpw kPo-h-am-bn-Xs∂ cwKØp≠v F∂-Xp-Xs - ∂.

Irjn tUm. sI.Un. {]Xm]≥

P\n-XIkºØv hnizss]-XrIw a\p-jys‚ ssPhtNmZ-\-Iƒ cmPy-mXn¿Øn-Iƒ sIm≠v XSpØp \ndp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bm-ØXp t]mse hnfIfpw hf¿Øp arK-ßfpw, Xe-ap-d-I-fmbv kwc-£n®pt]mcp∂ P\n-XIkºØpw cmPy-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ hoXw hbv°pI F∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ ta¬ cmjv{S-ß-fpsS ]c-am-[nImcw ÿm]n-°p-∂Xpw AXp-hgn cmPym¥c D]-tbm-Kw XS-bp-∂-Xpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb h¶-Ø-am-Wv. tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-ime hnIkn-∏n-s®-SpØ s\√n-\ß - ƒ cmPy-m¥c {]ikvXa- m-W.v Da, tPymXn, Im©\ XpSßnb hnØp-If - mWv tIc-fØ - n¬ s\¬ Ir- j nsb \mSp\oßmsX ]nSn®p \n¿Øp-∂X - .v Im¿jnI k¿Δ-Ie - m-im-ebpsS Iogn-ep≈ ]´m-ºn, as¶m-ºv, ssh‰ne Kth-jW tI{μ-ß-fn¬ \S°p∂ Kth-jW {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw P\nXI tiJ-chpw \ΩpsS `£y kpc£sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hfsc {][m-\a - m-Wv. 2008˛¬ ^nen-∏o≥knse a\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ A¥mcmjv{S s\√v Kth-jW tI{μhpw (IRRIInternational Rice Reserch Institute) \yqU¬ln-bn-ep≈ `mc-Xob Im¿jnI Kth-jW Iu¨knepw tN¿∂v _n¬

tK-‰k v ˛v saen≥U ^ut≠-js‚ kmºØnI klm-bt- ØmSp IqSn sX°pIng°≥ Gjy-bnse s\¬Ir-jn-°m-¿°p th≠n tcmK-˛I - oS {]Xn-tcm[ tijn-bp≈Xpw {]Xn-Iqe Imem-hÿ - sb sNdpØp-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amb \qX\ s\√n-\ßƒ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp _rl-Ømb ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp∂p. hnhn[ cmPy-ßfn¬ e`y-am-bn-´p≈ s\√ns‚ P\n-XI kºØv ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dp-∂Xpw ]co-£W-ßƒ°v D]tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mKam-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-Ie - mim-e-bpƒs∏sS, tI{μ ˛ k-w-ÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p- I - f psS \nb- { ¥- W - Ø nep≈ ]Xn-t\-tgmfw ÿm]-\-ß-fmWv _rl-Ømb Cu Kth-jW ]≤-Xn-

bn¬ ]¶m- f n- I - f m- t I- ≠ n- b n- c p- ∂ - X v . F∂m¬ Nne k¿°-cn-Xc kwLS\Ifpw hy‡n-Ifpw ssPh-tNm-cWw (biopiracy) BWv CØcw Hcp ]≤-XnbpsS KqVe£y-sa∂v Btcm-]n-®Xns\ XpS¿∂v ta¬ ]d™ ]≤Xn hnhm-Z-am-bn. XpS¿∂v A[n-Im-c-Øn-encp∂ CSXp]£ ap∂Wn Kh¨sa‚ v Im¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z\ IΩo-jW¿, ssPhssh- h n[y t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥, k¿°m-cn-Xc kwL-S\m {]Xn-\n[n F∂n-hc - pƒs∏´ Hcp aq-∂wK IΩ-‰nsb At\z-jW - Ø - n\p \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw, Im¿jnI imkv{X-⁄sc hmXn-en\p ]pd-Øn-cpØn IΩ‰n \¬Inb ip]m¿i {]Imcw Irjn-a{¥n ]≤-Xn°v A\p-aXn \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. am¿®v 2012

tIcfØnse Irjn-°m¿°v D]-bp-‡am-- I pambn- c p∂ Kth- j - W - Ø n\v kwÿm\ Kh¨sa‚ v A\p-aXn \ntj[n-s®-¶nepw Xan-gv\mSv Dƒs∏sS a‰v kwÿm-\-ß-fnse Im¿jnI k¿Δ-Iem-im-eI - fpw tI{μ Kth-jW ÿm]\-ßfpw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ s\√v Kth-jW ]≤Xn tIc-fØ - n\p ]pdØv apt∂-dp-Ibm-Wv. aq∂mw temI cmPy-ß-fn¬ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ssPhssh-hn-[yw, hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fnse _lp-cmjv{S IpØ-I-Ifpw a‰pw ssI°-em-°p-I-bpw, CXns\ ASnkvYm\am°n AXyp¬]m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ C\ßƒ ˛ - P \n- X - I - a m‰w hcp- Ø nbh Dƒs∏sS ˛ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØv t]‰‚ v hgn kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-Xn-s\bmWv ssPhtNmcWw AYhm biopiracy F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ssPh-tNm-cWw XS-bp-hm≥ \ΩpsS \m´nep≈ P\n-XI kºØv cmPyØn\p ]pdØp IS-Øp-∂Xv GXp-hn-t[\bpw XS- b Ww F∂ apd- h n- f n ]etImWp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Db-cm-dp-≠v. tZiob P\n-XI kzmX{¥yw F∂ Bibw _men-ih - pw A]-IS- I - c - hpamsW∂v ]d-bmsX Xc-an-√. P\n-XI kºØns‚ tZi- k m¬°- c - W Øn\pw AXn≥ta-ep≈ cmjv{S-Øns‚ ]c-am-[nImcw Dd-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\p-ap≈ hmZ-ap-Jß - fpsS ASn-ÿm\w Im¿jnI hnf--If - psS D¬`h˛ hnIm-k˛ ]cn-Wm-aß - sf Ipdn®p≈ A⁄-Xb - m-Wv. DZm-lc - W - a - mbn h‰¬ apf-Ins‚ Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n®m¬ CXp hy‡-am-Ipw. C¥y≥ ]mNI-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmb apf-Ins‚ P∑\mSv sXt°-At- a-cn-°b - mWv. {InkvXphn\v 5000 h¿jw ap≥]v saIvkn-t°mbnse BZn-a- \n-hm-kn-Iƒ h‰¬ apfIv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂X - n\p sXfnhp-If - p≠v. C¥y-sb∂p sX‰n-≤c - n®p sXt°-At- acn- ° - b n- s e- Ø nb sImfw- _ - k mWv Nph∂ C¥y-°m¿s°m∏w Nph∂ apfIpw Is≠-Øp-∂Xpw bqtdm-∏n-seØn-°p-∂Xpw. bqtdm-∏n¬ \n∂pw ]d¶n-I-fmWv Iip-am-hn\pw a‰p ]e ]ctZin hnf-Iƒ°psam∏w h‰¬ apfIv C¥y-bn-te°p sIm≠p-hc - p-∂Xv. C∂v temI-tØ-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ h‰¬ apfIv Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xpw C¥y-bmWv. Cu ]c-tZ-in-bpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bneqsS am{Xw {]Xn-h¿jw \ap°v e`n-°p∂Xv 1535 tImSn cq]-bpsS hntZ-i-\mWy-am-Wv. C¥y-bn¬\n∂pw Ib-‰paXnsNøp∂ kpK-‘ hy-⁄\ - ß - f - n¬ {]Y- a - ÿ m\w h‰¬ apf- I n- \ m- W v . Im¿jnI hnf- I ƒ D¬`- h n- ® Xv temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-em-Wv. imkv{X-KXn

F∂m¬ Im¿jnI hnf-Ifnt∑¬ \ne\n¬∏n-\mbn a\p-jy-\p≈ B{in-XX - zw tZi-˛h - ¿§˛h¿Æ t`Z-ßƒ°v AXo-Xam-W.v a\p-jys‚ Blm-cØ - n¬ 90 iXam-\hpw e`n-°p-∂Xv 20 kky-ßf - n¬ \n∂m-Wv. tKmX-ºv, s\√v, tNmfw, Dcpf-°n--gßv F∂o shdpw \mep hnf-kky-ßf - mWv a\pjy `£-WØ - ns‚ 60 iX- a m- \ hpw {]Zm\w sNøp- ∂ - X v . `£yhnf-Iƒ hnhn[ `qJ-WvUß - fn¬ D¬`-hn-®-Xn-\m¬ temI-cm-jv{Sßƒ P\n-X-I-k-º-Øns‚ k¶o¿Æamb Nß-e° - Æ - n-If - m¬ _‘n-Xa - m-W.v P\n-XI - ]cm-{i-bØ - ns‚ tXmXn¬ F‰°p-d-®n-ep-Ifp≠m-I-msa-¶nepw Hcp cmjv{S-Øn\pw temI-Øns‚ a‰p `mK-ßfn¬ D¬`-hn® P\n-XI - k - º - Ø - v kzbw Hgn-hm°ntbm a‰p- cm-Py-ßf - m¬ \ntj[n-°s - ∏t´m \ne-\n¬°pI Akm-[y-amWv. sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ taep≈ B{in-XX - zw F∂-XmWv temI\n-b-aw; P\n-XI kzmX{¥yw F∂Xv Akm-[yhpw. \ΩpsS Im¿jnI hnf- I ƒ, hf¿Øp-ar-Kß - ƒ F∂n-hb - n¬ `qcn-`mKhpw sshtZ-in-Ia - m-W.v tKmX-º,v d_¿, sImt°m, hm\n-e, ssIX-®°, ]d-¶namhv, X°m-fn, Dcpf-°n-gß - ,v tNmfw, ac®o- \ n, C‰menb≥ tX\o- ® , Pgv k n˛kznkv {_u¨ ]ip-°ƒ, ImS, Im¿∏v a’yw XpS-ßn-bh Nne DZm-lc - W - ß - ƒ am{Xw. Ct∏mgpw ]pXnb hnf-Ifpw kky-ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw Irjn-°mbn ZsØSp-°p-∂Xv \mw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. Inhn, Fap, Hen-hv, t\m\n (Hcp ^e-hr£w)

XpS-ßn-bh ASp-ØI - m-eØv \mw kzoIcn® hntZ-in-If - m-Wv. C¥y-bpsS `t£ym¬]m-Z\ - Øn¬ 68 iX-am\w sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkºØns\ ASn- ÿ m- \ - a m- ° n- b m- W v. AXyp¬]m-Z\ - t- i-jn-bp≈ s\√n-\ß - ƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂X - n\v \mw {][m-\ambpw B{i-bn-°p-∂X - v hntZ-i- C\-ßsf-bm-W.v B[p-\nI C¥y≥ s\√n-\ß - fn¬ 60 iX-am-\Ø - nepw hntZ-i- C\-ßfpsS Po\p-Iƒ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. hymhkm- b nI hnf- I - f psS Imcy- Ø n¬ \ΩpsS ]cm-{i-bXzw 90 iX-am-\Ø - n\p apI-fn-em-Wv. \sΩ hdp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v c£n®v `£ykzbw ]cym--]X v X - b - n-te°v \bn® Im¿jnI hnπ-h-ßƒ ˛ lcnX, [h-f, \oe ˛ F√mw Xs∂ km[y-am-°nbXv sshtZ-inI P\n-XIkº-Øm-Wv. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS B`n-ap-JyØn¬ 1992¬ {_ko-ense dtbm-˛-Un-˛P-\o-tdm-bn¬ h®p \S∂ ssPhsshhn[y I¨sh≥j≥ Hmtcm- cm-PyØn\pw Xß- f psS ssPh- s shhn[yØn\p taep≈ ]c-am-[n-Imcw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CX-\p-k-cn®v cmPy-ßƒ°v \nb-a- \n¿amWw hgn Xß-fpsS P\n-XIkºØv Xt±-io-bc - √m-Øh - ¿°p e`y-am-Ip-∂X - ns\ \nb-{¥n°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. ssPh-k-ºØns‚ DS-aÿ - X - sb kw_-‘n-°p∂ X¿°-ßƒ DS-se-Sp-°p-∂Xv AXyp¬]mZ\ tijn-bp≈ hnØp-I-fpsS \nb{¥Ww t]‰‚p-Iƒ hgn hnI-knX cmPyß-fnse IpØ-II - ƒ ssI°-em-°p-∂tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. F√m-Øcw ssPh-

ssh-hn-[y-hpw, kky-{]-P-\-\-Øn-\p]tbm-Kn-°p∂ ap¥nb C\-ßƒ Dƒ∏sS, s]mXpkzØm-bn-cn-°Wsa∂ aq∂mw temI-Øns‚ Bhiyw AXyp¬]m-Z\ - ti-jn-bp≈ hnØp-Iƒ°v _u≤nI kzØ-h-Imiw A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂pw t]‰‚ v\n-b-a-ßƒ am\n-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂p≈ hnI-kn-Xc - m-Py-ßf - psS \n¿_-‘Øn\v IS-Ih - n-cp-≤a - m-bn-cp-∂p. hnI-knX-˛h - nIkzc cmPy-ßƒ XΩn¬ ssPhssh- h n[y I¨sh≥j- \ n- e p- ≠ mb X¿°w, C¥y Dƒs∏sS aq∂mw temIcm-Py-ß-fpsS Iq-´mb hne-t]-i-en-s\Øp-S¿∂v P\n-XIkºØns‚ tZikm¬°-cW - Ø - n-te°p\bn-°p-Ib - m-bncp-∂p. CX-\p-kcn®v \mf-Xp-hsc am\hcm-in-bpsS s]mXp kzØm-bn-cp∂ P\nXI kºØv cmjv{S-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, Hmtcm- cm-PyØn\pw Xß-fpsS AXn¿Øn-°p-≈nep≈ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øn-\p-ta¬ ]cam- [ nImcw e`n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. ssPhsshhn-[y- I¨sh≥j≥, \nb-a-\n¿amWw hgn cmjv{S-ßƒ°v Xß-fpsS P\n-XIkº-Øn\p ta¬ ]cam-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ AhImiw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂p. CX-\p-kc - n®v 2002˛¬ C¥y≥ ]m¿e-sa‚ v ]m m°nb ssPhsshhn-[y- \nbaw C¥y≥ ]uc≥am-scm-gn-®p-≈h - ¿ \ΩpsS cmPymXn¿Øn- ° p- ≈ n- e p≈ P\n- X IkºØp]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v I¿i-\-amb \nb-{¥-W-ßƒ I¬∏n-°p-∂p. CXn\Iw an° aq∂mw temI cmPy-ßfpw kam-\-amb \nb-a- \n¿amWw \S-Øn-

ssPhsshhn-[yI¨sh≥j≥, \nb-a\n¿amWw hgn cmjv{Sßƒ°v Xß-fpsS P\nXIkº-Øn\p ta¬ ]cam-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. CX-\pk-cn®v 2002˛¬ C¥y≥ ]m¿e-sa‚ v ]m m-°nb ssPhsshhn-[y- \nbaw C¥y≥ ]uc≥am-scm-gn®p-≈-h¿ \ΩpsS cmPymXn¿Øn-°p-≈n-ep≈ P\nXIkº-Øp]-tbm-Kn-°p∂-Xn\v I¿i-\-amb \nb{¥-W-ßƒ I¬∏n-°p∂p. CXn-\Iw an° aq∂mw temI cmPyßfpw kam-\-amb \nb-a\n¿amWw \S-Ønbn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ P\nXIkº-Øns‚ kzX-{¥amb A¥mcmjv{S hn\nabw Akm-[y-am-bn-cn-°pI-bm-Wv.

bn-cn-°p-∂X - n-\m¬ P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ kzX-{¥-amb A¥mcmjv{S hn\n-abw Akm-[y-am-bn-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. C¥ybpw a‰v aq∂mw temI cmPy-ßfpw kzbw ASn- t ®¬∏n- ® n- c n- ° p∂ Ccpºpad \ΩpsS Xs∂ A`n-hr-≤n°pw ]ptcm-KXn°pw XS am- W v . Cu \nbaw C\n-ta¬ a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬ D¬`-hn® hnf-Ifpw ]£n arKm-Zn-Ifpw Xt±-iob-cpsS A\p-hm-Z-an-√m-sXbpw {]Xnêw \¬Im-sXbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv A[m¿anI {]hr-Øn-bm°n am‰p-∂p. aq∂mw temIw P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ tZi- k m¬°- c Ww Bh- i y- s ∏- S phm-\p≈ apJy-Im-cWw _lp-cmjv{S IpØ-II - f - psS t]‰‚ v hgn-bp≈ \ocmfn- ∏ nSpØsØ sNdp- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fP - n˛^m¿a-kyq-ń-°¬ hyh-kmb taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ ssPh kº-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≠m-Ip∂ em`w aq∂mw temI-hp-ambn \oXn ]q¿h-Ia - mbn ]¶p-hb - ] v n°p-∂X - n\p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. F∂m¬ kºØns‚bpw em`-Øns‚ BtKmf ]¶nS¬ e£y-am°n \S-∏-nem-°nb tZikm¬°cWw Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw A{]mtbm-KnIhpw am{X-a√ hn]-co-X^ - ew Dfhm-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. ]m›mXy cmPy-ßfnse _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fP - n˛^m¿a-kyq-ń°¬ hyh-kmbw aq∂mw temIsØ ssPhsshhn-[ysØ B{i-bn-®mWp \ne-\n¬°p-∂s - X∂ [mcW hkvXp-Xm]-c-a-√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn _n‰n hgp-X-\, If-\m-in\n {]Xn-tcm-[t- i-jn- bp≈ hnfIƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ hnf-°n-t®¿Øn-cn°p∂ Po\p-If - psS Dd-hn-Sa - mb _mIvSocn-bI - ƒ k¿h-hym-]n-bm-W.v _mkn-√kv Xpdn≥Pn-b≥knkv F∂ _n‰n _mIvSocn- b sb BZy- a mbn Is≠- Ø n- b Xv P¿a-\n-bnse Xpdn≥Pnb F∂ ÿeØp-\n-∂p-am-Wv. acp∂p Iº-\n-Iƒ B[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-sfbpw ]pØ≥ cmkkwbp-‡-ß-sf-bp-amWv ]pXnb acp-∂p-I-fpsS Is≠-Ø-en\v apJy-ambpw ASnÿm-\a - m-°p-∂s - X∂v ]T-\ß - ƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. ]c-ºc - m-KX Adn-hp-If - p-sSbpw X\Xv Im¿jnI hnfI- f p- s Sbpw ta¬ t]‰‚p- I ƒ hgn IpØIIƒ _u≤nI Ah- I miw ÿm]n- ° p- ∂ Xp XS- b p- h m≥ tZikm¬°cWw ê- { ]- Z - a - √ . adn®v CØcw Adn-hp-Ifpw kmt¶-XnI hnZyI-fpw hn⁄m-\Ø - ns‚ s]mXp- a-WvUe-Øn-te-° v (knowledge commons) ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv ChbpsS taep≈ IpØ-Ih - ¬°-cWw XSbp- ∂ - X n\p klm- b n- ° p- I . th∏v , a™ƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ta¬ hntZi IpØ-II - ƒ t\Snb t]‰‚p-Iƒ d±p-sNam¿®v 2012

øn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xv DZm-l-c-W-w. th∏pw a™-fp-sams° temI-sØ-hnsSbpw e`y-am-Wv. Ch _lp-cmjv{S IpØ-II - ƒ Dƒs∏sS B¿°pw e`n-°p∂Xv XS-bpI F∂Xv Akm-[y-hp-am-W.v F∂m¬ Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw kw_‘n® ]c-ºc - m-KX - a - mb Adnhv \ΩpsS Bbp-¿t- hZ {KŸ-ßƒ Dƒs∏sS tcJs∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-ń-´p≈ imkv{X hn⁄m-\Øns‚ s]mXp aWvU-e-Øn¬ e`y-ambn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠mWv ta¬ ]d™ t]‰‚p-Iƒ BtKmf Xe-Øn¬ Xs∂ d±p sNøp-hm≥ Ign-™X - v. ssPh-tNmcWw (biopiracy) F∂v Btcm]n-°s - ∏Sp∂ CØcw DuXnho¿∏n® DZm-lc - W - ßƒ tZio-b-X-bp-ambn Iqń-s°ń ssPh-ssh-hn[y \nb-a-sØbpw P\nXI kº-Øns‚ tZi-km¬°-c-WsØbpw \ymbo-Ic - n-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p∂Xv A]-IS- I - c - a - m-Wv. tam¨kmt‚m, Upt]m-≠v, kn≥sP‚ XpSßn F√m BtKmf hnØpIpØ-II - fpw IqSn H≥]Xp Im¿jnI hnfIƒ am{X-amWv hn]-W\w \S-Øp-∂X - v. hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ ta¬]d™ hnf-IfpsS P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ IpØ-I-Iƒ kzbw ]cym-]vX-hp-am-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚ tZi-km¬°-cW - hpw cmjv{Sßƒ°n-Sbn¬ AXp≠m-°p∂ then-sI-´p-Ifpw IpØ-I-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-b√, adn®v hnI-kzccmPy-ß-fnse Im¿jntIm¬]m-Z-\-sØbpw `£y kpc-£tbbp-amWv tZmj-Ic - a - mbn _m[n-°p-I. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI˛imkv{X˛hn⁄m\ aqeyØn\p ]Icw ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚ hn]Wn aqey-Øn-ep≈ Aan-X-amb Du∂-emWv ssPhsshhn-[y- I¨sh≥js‚ apJy t]mcm-ba v . ssPhsshhn[y-Øns‚ knwl-`m-KØ - n\pw bmsXmcp kmº-ØnI aqey-hp-an-s√∂p am{X-a√ sshhn-[y-w sIm≠p am{Xw kmº-ØnI aqey-Øn¬ h¿[-\hv D≠m-Ip-∂p-an-√. sshhn-[y- ]q¿Æ-amb Imem-hÿ - bmepw `q{]-Ir-Xn-bmepw A\p-KrloXamb C¥y-bn¬ temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw D¬`-hn® hnf-Itfm hf¿Øp arKßtfm Irjn sNøp-hm\pw ]cn-]m-en°p-hm\pw Ign-bpw. Imem-hÿm hyXnbm-\sØ sNdp-°p-∂X - n\pw IqSp-X¬ ÿeØv Irjn-bnd°n `t£ym¬-]mZ\w h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw temIØns‚ a‰p `mK-ß-fn¬ P∑-saSpØ sX^v (Ing-°≥ B{^n-°b - nse apJy `£y-hn-f) t]mep≈ hnf-Isf \ap°v ZsØ-Sp-t°≠n hcpw. \ΩpsS kp{][m\ Im¿jnI hnf-If - p-sSbpw I∂p-Imen-If - p-sSbpw ]pXnb C\-ßƒ hnI-kn∏n-s®-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ {]P-\\ ]≤-Xn-Iimkv{X-KXn

tam¨kmt‚m, Upt]m≠v, kn≥-sP‚ XpSßn F√m BtKmf hnØpIpØ-I-Ifpw IqSn H≥]Xp Im¿jnI hnf-Iƒ am{XamWv hn]-W\w \S-Øp∂-Xv. hnc-en-se-Æm-hp∂ ta¬]d™ hnf-I-fpsS P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ IpØ-I-Iƒ kzbw ]cym-]vX-hp-am-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚ tZi-km¬°-c-Whpw cmjv{Sßƒ°n-S-bn¬ AXp≠m-°p∂ then-sI´p-Ifpw IpØ-I-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-b√, adn®v hnI-kzccmPy-ßfnse Im¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z\-sØbpw `£y kpc-£-tbbp-amWv tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°p-I

sf√mw Xs∂ sshtZ-inI P\n-XI kºØns\ B{i-bn-®p-≈X - m-W.v IoS˛tcmK _m[-Isf sNdp-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnfhv h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Kth-jW {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ A\pkyq- X - a mb {]{In-bb - m-bX - n-\m¬ sshtZ-inI P\nXIkº-Øv XpS¿®-bmbn \ap-°m-hi - yam-Wv. Hcp cmPy-Øn\pw P\n-XIkºØns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ kzbw ]cym]vXX ssIh- c n- ° m- \ m- h n√ F∂- X mWv hkvXpX F∂n-cn-s°, ssPhssh-hn-[yØn-t∑-ep≈ hn\m-i-I-c-amb \nb-{¥Wßƒ temI-sØßpw hym]n-°p-Ib - mWv. ssPh-tNm-cWw XS-bp-∂-Xn-\pth≠n `q´m≥, {ioe¶ XpS-ßn hfsc ]cn- a n- X - a mb Im¿jnI ssPh s - sh-hn[yw am{Xw kz¥-am-bp≈ sNdpcmPy-ßƒ t]mepw Xß-fpsS tZiob ssPh kº-Øn\p Np‰pw Ccpºpad Db¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv cmjv{Sßƒ XΩn- e p≈ kwL¿j- Ø n\v B°w Iq´p-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ipw. _kp- a Xn Acn- b psS DS- a - ÿ mhIm-iØ - n\p th≠n C¥ybpw ]m°nÿm\pw XΩn-ep≈ X¿°w DZm-lc - W - w. ssPhsshhn-[y-Øns‚ hyh-kmbnI D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ hcpam\w Xt±-iob P\-k-aq-l-ß-fp--ambn ]¶p-h-°p-∂-X-S°w ssPh-ssh-hn[y I¨sh≥j≥ Db¿Ønb {]Xo-£I - sf√mw Pe-tc-J-I-fmbn amdp-I-bm-Wv.

C¥y-bpsS ssPh-ssh-hn[y AtXm-dn‰n ˛ CXns‚ apJy e£yßfn-sem∂v kmº- Ø nI t\´w ]¶p hbv ° pI F∂-Xm-Wv ˛ ÿm]nXambn´v h¿j-ßƒ Ign-s™-¶nepw C°m-cy-Øn¬ Imcyamb bmsXmcp ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw ssIhcn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. hnI-kzccmPy-ßƒ 1992˛¬ sFIycmjv{S k`-bpsS ssPh-ssh-hn[y I¨sh≥j-\n¬ kzoI-cn® XnI®pw Aim-k{v Xo-ba - mb X{¥w Ct∏mƒ XßfpsS Xs∂ ]X-\Ø - n\p hgn sXfn-bn°p-I-bm-Wv. IpØ-I-I-fpsS t]‰‚ v hXvIc- W - sØ tZi-kmXvIcWw sIm≠v t\cn-Sp∂ aq∂mw temI X{¥w XnI®pw Bfl-lX - ym-]c- a- m-W.v P\n--XI - kº-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ kmº-ØnI t\´w {KmaoW¿°pw tIm¿∏-td‰p òa∑m¿°p-an-Sbn¬ ]¶p hbv°pI F∂Xv A{]m-tbmKn-Is - a∂p am{X-a√ hyh-kmbhXvIc-WØnt\m \qX- \ - a mb I≠p- ] n- S p- Ø ßƒt°m imkv{X-kmt¶-XnI apt∂-‰ßƒt°m ]I-ca - m-hn-s√∂ Imcyw \mw Xncn-®d- n-tb-≠X - p-≠v. t\m°p-Iqen°p kam-\a- mb CXv kmºØnI hf¿®tbm, {Kmao-W¿°v kpÿn-c-amb hcp-am\ am¿Ktam Xpd∂p Xcn-s√∂v hy‡-am-W.v P\n-XIkº-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw aq∂mw temI-cm-Py-ßƒ°p ap∂n¬ Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂Xv ]cn-an-Xa - mb hmXn-ep-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. H∂p-In¬ IpØ-II - f - psS t]‰‚ ,v _u≤nIkzØv Ah-Im-isØ

AwKo-Ic - n-°pI As√-¶n¬ hnØns‚ taep≈ t]‰‚ v, kky-{]-P\ - \ AhImiw (PBR- Plant Breeders Rights) apXemb F√m-Øcw _u≤nI Ah-Im-iß - sfbpw ]q¿Wambn \ncm-Ic - n-°p-I. hn]coX Zni-bn-ep≈ Chbn-sem∂p am{XamWv \ap°p Xncs™-Sp°p-hm-\p-≈X - .v BtKm-fh - XvIc - W - Ø - ns‚ ]›m-Øe - Øn¬ BZy-am¿Kw am{X-amWv {]mtbmKnIw, H∏w IpØ-Ih - XvIc-WsØ sNdp°p-hm≥ Xt±-io-bhpw hntI-{μo-Ir-Xh - pamb hnØp hyh-km-bØ - n\pw s]mXpta-Jem Im¿jnI Kth-j-W-Øn\pw Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠X - p-≠.v a\p-jys‚ ssPhtNmZ-\I - ƒ cmPymXn¿Øn-Iƒ sIm≠v XSpØp \ndp-Øphm≥ Ign-bm-ØXp t]mse hnfIfpw hf¿Øp arK-ßfpw, Xe-ap-d-I-fmbv kwc-£n®pt]mcp∂ P\n-XIkºØpw cmPy-ßƒ°n-Sb - n¬ hoXw hbv°pI F∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv. imkv{Xhpw kmln-XymZn kwKoXIe-Ifpw t]mse P\n-XIkºØpw cmPymXnh¿Øn-bmWv. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ ta¬ cmjv{Sß-fpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂Xpw AXp-hgn cmPym¥c D]-tbm-Kw XS-bp∂-Xpw Ncn-{X-]c - a - mb h¶-Øa - m-Wv. P\n-XIkºØv A\-¥a - mbn ]p\cp¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw (renewable) Hcp {]tZ-isØ D]-tbmKw a‰p≈nS-ßfnse D]-tbm-KØns\ _m[n°mØXp-amW.v DZm-lc - W - a- mbn Dcp-f° - n-

gßv sXt°-At- a-cn-°b - nse s]dp-hn¬ D¬`-hn®v temI-saßpw hym]n-s®mcp hnf-bm-Wv. CXv bqtdm-∏n-tem C¥y-bntem Irjn sNøp-∂Xv sXt° Ata-cn°-sb bmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw _m[n°p∂n-√. 2050-¬ temI-P\ - k - w-Jy-bpsS 18 iX-am-\hpw C¥ym-°m-cm-bn-cn-°pw. Cu P\-Xsb Xo‰n t]m‰m≥ \ΩpsS ]°-ep≈Xv BsI `qhn-kvXr-Xn-bpsS 2.5 iXam-\hpw P\n-XI sshhn-[y-Øns‚ 7.8 iX-am-\hpw am{X-am-W.v sPhsshhn[yw am\-hc - m-in-bpsS s]mXp kzØmbn \ne\n¿Øp-Ibpw cmPym-¥c Xe-Øn¬ P\n-XIkºØns‚ kzX-{¥-amb hn\n-abw Dd-∏p-hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Ct∏mƒØs∂ ]cpß-en-em-bn-cn-°p∂ \ΩpsS `£y kpc£ Dd∏v hcp-Øp-hm≥ A\n-hm-cyam-W.v Ak- a - X z- Ø n-- s \bpw A\o- X nsbbpw sNdp-°p-hm≥ ]pdwtemI-tØ°p≈ hmXm-b-\-ßƒ sIm´n-b-S-°p∂Xv , kzbw Imcm- K rlw Xo¿Øp hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ sISp-Øp--∂Xn\p Xpey-am-W.v ]pcmX\-Imew apX¬ XpS¿∂p hcp∂ A\n- h m- c y- a mb BtKmf kmº- Ø nI kmaqly kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-ß-fpsS KpW^-eß - ƒ kzmwioI-cn-°p-∂X - pw, A\oXn-s°-Xn-cmb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-∂Xpw XΩn¬ sshcp- ≤ y- a n- s √∂p \mw Xncn-®d- n-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. am¿®v 2012

IpXn-sIm-≈p∂ imkv{Xw kn.-hn. N{μ≥

Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥: a\p-jys‚ kz¥w bpKw Iev]ßfpw, bpK-ßfpw alm-bp-K-ß-fp-sam-s°-bmbn `qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L-´ßsf h¿Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ 11,500 sIm√w apºp apX¬ C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ Ime-L-´sØ "tlmtfm-ko≥' F∂mWv ]d-bp-I. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ a\p-jy-t‚Xmb Hcp Ime-L-´sØ imkv{X-⁄¿ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p: "Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥'. `qX-e-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ kz¥w hn{In-b-IƒsIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp Ime-L-´w. \ΩpsS \K-c-ßfpw P\-]-Y-ßfpw `utam-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ sImØn-h® t\´-ß-fp-sams° Ft∂-°p-ambn HSp-ßn-°-gn-bp-tºmgpw a\p-jy≥ `qan-bn-e-hti-jn∏n-°m≥ CS-bp≈ Hcp Ime-L´w

Nmƒkv Um¿hns‚ ]cn-Wma kn≤m¥w sX‰msW∂p sXfn-bn-°m≥ F¥p sXfn-hmWp th≠sX∂ tNmZy-Øn\v hn{ipX Poh-im-k{v X-⁄\ - m-bncp∂ sP.-_n.-Fk - v. lm¬tUbv≥ ]d™ Hcp adp]-Sn-bp-≠v. ""AXv \n m-cw. {]n˛-tIw-{_n-b≥ ImeL-´Ø - n¬\n∂v Hcp apb-ens‚ t^mkn¬ Im´n-Ø∂m¬ aXn''. kkv X - \ n- I ƒ ]cn- W m- a - Ø ns‚ Db¿∂]Sn-bn¬ A\p-{I-aa - mbn FØn-t®¿∂p-sh-∂Xns‚ Ak-μn-Kv[a - mb {]Jym-]\ - a - m-bn-cp∂p AXv.

F¥mWv ""{]n-˛tIw{_n-b≥''? ]cn-Wma kn≤m¥w apt∂m´p hbv°p-tºmƒ `qan-bpsS {]mb-sØ-°p-dn®v Um¿hn\v IrXy-amb Adn-hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. D≈ Dul-ßs - fm-s°bpw A°mesØ {]K¤ `uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂ tem¿Uv sI¬hns‚ KWnXw aqew BsI Ipg-∏Øn-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Um¿hnt\m A∂sØ imkv{X-⁄¿t°m ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂X - ,v Hcp t^mkn¬ e`n-®m¬ AXns‚ ]md-a-S-°p-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ AXv GXv Ime-L´- Ø - n-te-XmWv F∂p am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. G‰hpw ]g-°a - p≈ t^mknep-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb ImesØ "tIw{_n-b≥' F∂pw AXn-\p-ap-ºp≈ ]md-a-S-°p-Iƒ BsI-°qsS "{]n˛tIw-{_n-b≥' F∂pw ]d-™p-h-∂p. GI-tZiw 545 Zi-e£w h¿jw apºp≈ ImesØ-bmWv imkv{X-⁄¿ Ct∏mƒ "tIw{_n-b≥' F∂p IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. 385 tImSn h¿jw apºp apX¬°p-Xs∂ Pohn-Iƒ D¤-hn®p Ign-™n-cp-∂psh∂v Ct∏mƒ Ah¿°- d n- b mw. Z£nW {Ko≥em≥Un-emWv C∏-d™ G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ t^mkn¬ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Xe-tbmSpw F√pimkv{X-KXn

I-fp-sa-s∂m-s°-bp≈ A¿∞-Øn-e√ ChnsS t^mkn-ep-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp∂-Xv. Poh hkvXp-°ƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn°p∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°-fpsS km∂n-[yam- W n- X v : X∑m{Xm t^mkn- e p- I ƒ F∂p ]dbmw CXv Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w Ct∏mƒ imkv{X-⁄c - psS ]°-ep-≠v.

Ime-K-W-\-bpsS {]iv\w 1859-˛¬ "Hdn-Pns‚' {]kn-≤o-I-c-WtØmsS ss__nƒ hnizm-kn-bmb ]m›mXy a\p-jy\v At∏mƒ apX¬ c≠p hgn-Itf Ah-ti-jn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. H∂p-In¬ ]cn-Wm-aØ - n¬ hniz-kn-°pI. As√-¶n¬ ]cn-Wm-asØ X≈n-∏d™v Cu temIsØ ssZhw krjvSn®XmsW∂ ap≥hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-®p\n¬°p- I . Aßs\ hniz- k n- ° ptºmƒ ssZhw Cu `qansb krjvSn®Xv {InkvXp-hn-\p-apºv 4004 HIvtSm-_¿ 23-˛mw Xob-Xn-bm-sW∂ Imcyw ad-°mXn-cn-°p-I. C∏-d-™Xv icn-b√ F∂dn-™p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AXn¬ hniz-kn°pI F∂m-Wn-Xn-\¿∞w. 1701-˛a- p-X¬°p-Xs∂ sPbnwkv cmPmhns‚ AwKo-IrX {]mam-Wy-tØmsS Cd-ßn-bn-´p≈ ss__nƒ ]Xn-∏p-IfpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ am¿Pn-\n¬ tcJ-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂ Xob-Xn-bmWv C∏-d™ HIvtSm-_¿ 23. ss__n-fnse Adn-bs∏-Sp-∂Xpw XobXn \n›-bn-°m≥ ]‰p∂- X p- s am- s °- b mb kw`- h - ß - f psS \mƒhgn NnI™v AXy¥w {ia-I-camb Hcp Kth-j-W-Øn-eqsS B¿ambnse B¿®v _nj∏v sPbnwkv Dj¿ (1581-˛1656) Is≠-Øn-bX - m-bn-cp∂p Cu Xob-Xn. At±-l-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cnI

1859-˛¬ "Hdn-Pns‚' {]kn≤o-I-c-W-tØmsS ss__nƒ hnizm-knbmb ]m›mXy a\pjy\v At∏mƒ apX¬ c≠p hgn-Itf Ah-tijn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. H∂p-In¬ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬ hniz-kn°p-I. As√-¶n¬ ]cnWm-asØ X≈n-∏-d™v Cu temIsØ ssZhw krjvSn-®XmsW∂ ap≥hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-®p\n¬°p-I. Aßs\ hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒ ssZhw Cu `qansb krjvSn-®Xv {InkvXp-hn-\papºv 4004 HIvtSm-_¿ 23˛mw Xob-Xn-bm-sW∂ Imcyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. C∏-d-™Xv icn-b√ F∂-dn-™p-sIm-≠pXs∂ AXn¬ hniz-kn°pI F∂m-Wn-Xn\¿∞w.

{KŸamb "Zn B\¬kv Hm^v Zn thƒUv'˛¬ BWv C°mcyw ]d-bp∂Xv. A°m-esØ bqtdm-∏nse Xs∂ G‰hpw kap-∂X - \ - mb ]WvUn-X\ - m-bncp∂p _nj∏v Dj¿. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂-bmWv At±-lØ - ns‚ Is≠-Ø¬ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-amb ss__n-fn¬ CSw ]nSn-®X - pw. ]pkvXI - ß - fpw Isø-gpØp {]Xn-If - p-sam-s°-bmbn At±lw tiJcn® FÆ-a‰ {KŸ-ß-fmWv ]n∂oSv U_vfn-\nse {Sn\n‰n tImtf-Pnse _rlZv sse{_-dn°v ASn-Ød - b - m-bX - v. C{X t¢i-Ic - hpw Zo¿L-hp-amb Hcp Kth-jW - Ø - n\v _nj∏v Dj-sd-t∏mse D∂-X\ - mb Hcmƒ F¥n\p Xp\n™p? F¥m-bn-cp∂p At±-lsØ CXn\p t{]cn-∏n® _u≤nI ]›m-Øew? ss__nƒ hnizm-kn-If - mb ]m›mXysc kw_-‘n-®n-St- Ømfw F√m Adnhn-t‚bpw A¥na t{kmX v ss__nfm- b n- c p- ∂ p. ss__nƒ am{Xw. {InkvXpaX-Øns‚ BZy \q‰m-≠p-Ifn¬Xs∂ AXns‚ ]ptcm- l n- X ¿ {Ko°v, tdma≥ kwkvIr-Xn-I-fm¿Pn-®ncp∂ ap≥Ime hn⁄m- \ hpw ss__nfpw ka¿∞-am-bn-Øs∂ ka\z- b n- ∏ n®p Ign- ™ n- c p- ∂ p. Cu hn⁄m\w a[y- Im-eL - ´- hpw Ign™v \thm-∞m-\-Im-eØpw ]WvUn-X¿°v {]mam-Wn-Ia - m-bn-Øs∂ \ne-sIm-≠p. ss__n-fn\papºp≈ ]ucm-WnI hn⁄m- \ - t Øm- S p≈ B`n- a pJyw h¿[n® L´-Øn-emWv tSmf-an-bpsS kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ]p\x {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°s∏-Sp-∂X - v. CXmWv sImfw-_kv Xs‚ kap-{Z-bm{X (1492-˛1512) -Iƒ°v B[mam¿®v 2012

c-am-°n-bX - .v tSmf-an-bpsS Zqc-KW - \ `qanbpsS bYm¿∞ hen-∏-Øn¬\n∂pw hfsc Ipd-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ ^e-amWv ]Sn-™m-tdm´v k©-cn®v Ffp-∏Ø - n¬ Ing°p tZi-ßf - n-se-Ømsa∂ Bi-bØ - n¬ sImfw-_kv FØnb-Xv. F¶nepw At±lw sNs∂-Ønb `q{]- t Z- i - ß ƒ ]ptcm- l n- X ¿°pw ]WvUn-X¿°pw A⁄m-X-am-b-h-Xs∂bmbn-cp-∂p. CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂mWv ]ucm-WnI {Ko°v aX-{K-Ÿß - f - psS ]T\-Øn-eqsS am¿´n≥ eqY¿ {InkvXob \th-∞m-\-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®-Xv. bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ CXv hºn® kzm[o-\-amWv sNep-Øn-b-Xv. aX-]-camb Cu \thm- ∞ m\ Bi- b ßƒs°m∏w bp‡n-]-c-amb hn⁄m\-ti-Jc - W - h - pw, kap-{Z-bm-{X-Ifpw AXphsc Adn-bm-Xn-cp∂ ]pØ≥ `qJ-WU v ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hpw, kml-knI k©m-cß - f - p-sam-s°-t®¿∂v B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øns‚ hnIm-kØ - n-\p≈ \nesam-cp-°¬ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bncp∂p. bp‡n-bpsS bpK-Øns‚ Cu shfn®-am-bn-cp∂p B¿®v _nj∏v Djsd CØ-c-samcp kml-knI bXv\-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv. Ime-sØ-°p-dn®v ]pXnsbmcp k¶-ev]\w A\n-hm-cy-am-bnØo¿∂p. C¥y, ssN\ F∂o kwkvIr-Xn-Is - f-°p-dn®p t\Snb ]pXnb Adn-hpw, Ah-bpsS Zo¿L-amb Ncn{Xhpw bptdm-∏n\v ]pXnb Adn-hm-bncp-∂p. lo{_p kwkvIr-Xn-sb-°mƒ ]g°-ap≈hbm-Wn-h-sb∂ Xncn-®-dn-hpXs∂ hen-sbmcp {]iv\-am-bn. ss__n-fnse ]gb \nbaw Hc¿∞Øn¬ Hcp Ncn{X tcJ-bm-W.v AXns‚ BZysØ A©p ]pkvX-I-ßƒ (The Penta teuch tamk-kns‚ cN\bmsW∂mWv hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn¬ krjvSnbpw a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ Ncn{Xhpw apgp-h-\m-bn-Øs∂ {]Xn-]m-Zn°p-∂p. BZhpw lΔbpw apX¬, {]fb-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ t\ml-bpsS hwi]-cº - c - b - pw, _mt_¬ tKm]p-cØ - ns‚ XI¿®-tbmsS `qan-bm-I-am\w ]c∂ hn`n∂ a\p-jy-tKm-{X-ß-fpsS Ncn{Xhpw hfsc kq£vaa - mbnØs∂ hnhcn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bpw, kaq-lß-fpw, kwkvIr-Xn-I-fpw, aX-]-chpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb ÿm]\ \n¿an-Xn-Ifp-sams° Cu Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°mt\ D≈q. am{Xa√ imkv{Xhpw Cu Ncn-{X-Øn\p hnt[bw Xs∂. C∂v hnL-Sn-®p-t]mb a\p-jy-hw-i-ß-sfm-s°-Øs∂ H∂mbncp∂p-sh∂v DXv]-Øn-N-cn{Xw DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂p. imkv{X-KXn

]t£ Ct∏mƒ Is≠- Ø nb ]pXnb kwkvIr-Xn-Iƒ ln{_p P\-Xsb-°mƒ ]g-°-ap≈ Ime-L-´sØ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv A]- I Sw Xs∂. F¥p- s Im≠pw ss__nƒ D]-tbm-Kn®p Xs∂ DXv]Øn°v Ah-sc-°mƒ ]g°w Is≠ØWw. ]gb \nb-aØ - ns‚ {]mam-Wn-IXzw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠nbmWv _nj∏v Dj¿ ss__n-fn-eqsS ImesØ ]pd-tIm-´m-\-bn-®-Xv. ]t£ F{X {ian-®n´pw {InkvXp-hn\v \membn-ct- Ømfw h¿jw apºp-hsc am{Xta At±-ls - a-Øn-bp-≈q. C∂v ]cn-lm-kysa∂p tXm∂m-hp∂ Cu \nK-a\ - ß - ƒ, ]t£, A°m-eØv Gsd {]mam-Wn-Iam-bn-cp-∂p. ss__n-fn-eqsS Ime-KW - \ \SØn Gsd-°psd _nj∏v Dj-dpsS \nK- a - \ - ß ƒ°v ASp- s Ø- Ø nb BfmWv sFkIv \yq´¨!

XnI™ aX-hn-izm-kn-bmbn-cp∂ sI¬hn≥, ]t£, `qan°v GXm\pw Bbncw h¿jsØ ]g°-ta-bp≈q F∂v hnizkn-°m≥ Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂n√. `qan-bpsS Xm]-\n-ebn¬\n∂v imkv{Xo-bambn {]mb-\n¿Wbw \S-Øm≥ At±lw Xocp-am-\n-®p. k¶o¿Wamb Cu KWn-X-Øns‚ ^ew 1862-˛¬ At±lw {]Jym-]n-®p. `qan°v \qdp Zi-e£w h¿jw tem¿Uv sI¬hn\pw `qan-bpsS ]g-°-ap-≠v. {]mbhpw

`qan- b psS {]mbw Bbn- c - t am, e£tam h¿j-ß-f√ AXn-te-sd-bmsW∂v k¶-ev]n® Nmƒkv Um¿hn\v C°m-cy-Øn¬ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ G‰hpw i‡- a mb FXn¿∏v ]ptcm- l n- X - c psStbm ùa-im-k{v X-⁄c - p-sS-tbm, Poh imkv{X-⁄c - p-sStbm `mK-Øp-\n-∂m-bncp-∂n-√. {]XypX Hcp ùXnI imkv{X⁄-\n¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p. "Hdn-Pn≥' {]kn- ≤ o- I - c n- ° p- t ºmƒ A∂sØ G‰hpw {]K-¤\ - mb ùXn-Ii - m-kv{X⁄- c n- s em- c m- f m- b n- c p∂p hneyw tXmwk¨ (tem¿Uv sI¬hn≥). {]]©-sØ-°p-dn®v Ht´sd hnIev] Nn¥Iƒ a\- n-te-‰nb Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. F∂m¬ bqtdm-∏n¬\n∂v hSs° Ata-cn-°b - n-te°v Iºn-Ø] - m¬ CSp∂-Xn\v {Sm≥kv A‰vem≥UnIv tI_nfp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°pI hgn {]i-kvX\pw [\n-I\ - p-am-bn-Øo¿∂ imkv{X-⁄\ - mW-t±-lw. XnI™ aX-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂ sI¬hn≥, ]t£, `qan°v GXm\pw Bbncw h¿jsØ ]g-°-ta-bp≈q F∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ (ss_-_n-fn¬ Bsc-s°tbm Aßs\ ]d-™n-´ps≠∂p Icp-Xn) Xbm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. `qanbpsS Xm]-\n-eb - n¬\n∂v imkv{Xo-bambn {]mb- \ n¿Wbw \S- Ø m≥ At±lw Xocp-am-\n-®p. k¶o¿W-amb Cu KWn- X - Ø ns‚ êw 1862- ˛ ¬ At±lw {]Jym-]n-®p. `qan°v \qdp Zie£w h¿jw ]g-°a - p-≠v. CXn-\p-tijhpw Xs‚ ]e kplr- Ø p- ° fn¬\n∂pw e`n-®n-cp∂ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv At±lw Xs‚

KWnXw Xncp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw `qan-bpsS {]mbw Ipd™p h∂p. HSp-hn¬ At±lw Hcp IW-°n¬ AX-h-km-\n-∏n-®p. `qan Ccp-]Xv Zie£w h¿jw {]mb-ap≈ {Kl-amWv! sI¬hns‚ KW\w Hcp auenI k¶-ev]-\-Øn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu {Kl- Ø n\v kz¥- a mb Hcp Xm] t{kmX- n-√. Bcw-`-Øn¬ D≠m-bncp∂ Xm]w Ipd™p hcn-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv BZyw `utam-]-cn-X-e-Ønepw Ahn-sS-\n∂v {Ia-Øn¬ Dƒ°m-ºnte°pw Ipd-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. J\\ tPmen-°m¿°v Cu Xm]-hy-Xn-bm\w Adn-bmw. Ch-cn¬\n-s∂ms°bmWv sI¬hn≥ Xm]-\n-e-bpsS G‰-°p-d-®nens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ `qan-bpsS {]mbw Is≠-Øn-bX - v.

bptd-\n-b-Øns‚ Xm] hnIn-c-Ww sI¬hns‚ auenI k¶-ev]\w sX‰m- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h∂v ]n¬°m- e Øv imkv{X- ⁄ ¿ Xncn- ® - d n- ™ p. Um¿hns‚ ac-W-Øn\v 14 h¿j-Øn\p-ti-jw, 1896-˛¬ sl≥dn s_°-d¬ F∂ {^©v `uXnI imkv{X-⁄≥ bptd- \ n- b - Ø ns‚ Xm]- h n- I n- c Ww Is≠Øn Ggp h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw Iyqdn Zº-Xn-am¿ tdUn-b-Øns‚ Xm]hn-In-cW i‡n Ak-μn-K[ v a - mbn sXfnbn-®p. `qan°v kz¥-amb Xm] t{kmX p-≠v. tdUntbm hnIn-cW - Ø - ns‚ Is≠Ø-temsS `qan-bpsS {]mbw e£-ßf√ tImSn-°W - ° - n\v h¿j-ßf - m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Xmakap≠m-bn-√. F¶nepw ss__nƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√. 2001 Ah-km\w eqkn-bm-\b - n¬ "tdUntbm sa{SnIv ImeK-W\ t]mep≈ hymP hnh-c-ßƒ' sI¬hn≥

{]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂X - n¬\n∂v Kh-s◊‚ns\ hne-°p∂ \nbaw ]m m-°n. ]t£, tdUntbm sa{SnIv Ime-KW\ imkv{X-⁄c - psS ssIbn¬ IcpØp‰ Hcm-bp-[-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]md-a-S-°pI-fpsS {]mbw AXy¥w kq£va-XtbmsS KWn- ° m≥ Ah¿°m- b n, t^mkn-ep-If - psS Ime-L´w KWn-°m\p-XI - p∂ imkv{X-im-Jb - mb "kv{Sm‰n{Km^n'°v Hcp ]pXnb imkv{X-im-JbpsS \ne-hm-chpw e`n-®p. Ct∏mƒ `qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L´- ß - ƒ°v IrXyamb h¿Ko-Ic - W - a - p-≠v. `qhn- ⁄ m- \ ob Ime- L - ´ - ß sf Ct∏mƒ bpK-ßfpw Iev]ß - f - p-sam-s°bm-bn-´mWv h¿Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnhn[ `ua-im-kv{X-⁄¿ hn`n∂ coXn-bn¬ t]cp-Iƒ \¬In-t∏m-∂n-cp∂ Cu h¿KoI-cWw Ct∏mƒ Gsd IrXyX ssIhcn-®n-´p-≠v. F¶n¬ AXn-]p-cm-X\ ImeL- ´ sØ kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mepw At\I tImSn h¿j- ß ƒ CXnepƒs°m-≈p-∂X - n-\mepw hni-Zmw-iß - fn¬ `n∂- X - b p- ≠ m- I mw. Ct∏mƒ GXm≠v AwKo-Ir-Xa - mb Cu h¿Ko-IcWw Cßs\ kw{K-ln-°mw. Ime-L´- ß - sf bpKw (Epoch) almbpKw (Period) Iev]w (Era) alm-Iev]w (Aeon) F∂n-ßs\ hn`-Pn-°p-∂p. \mep alm-I-ev]-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. lmUn- b ≥ (Hadean) B¿°n- b ≥ (Archean) t{]m´n-tdm-tkm-bnIv (Proterozoic) ^m\ntdmtkmbnIv (Phanerozoic) F∂n-hb - m-Wh - .

B¿°n-b≥ 250 tImSnh¿jw apX¬ ]pd-tIm´v 400 tImSn h¿jw hsc. 385 tImSnh¿jw apºp-ap-X¬ Xs∂ Pohn-Iƒ D¤- h n®p Ign- ™ - X mbn t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®p-h-t√m.

t{]m´n-tdm-tkm-bnIv 50 tImSn-h¿jw apX¬ ]pd-tIm´v 250 tImSn-h¿jw hsc t{]m´n-tdm-tkmbn°pw B¿°n-b\pw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Ime-L´- s - Ø-bmWv apºv ""{]o˛-tIw-{_nb≥'' F∂p ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv.

^m\n-tdm-tkm-bnIv 50 tImSn-h¿jw apX¬ ("Imw{_nb≥' Bcw-`n-°p∂p) C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ Ime-L´- s - Ø-bmWv ^m\n-tdm-tkm-bnIv F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ^m\n-tdm-tkm-bnIv alm-Ie - ] v sØ aq∂p Iev]ß - f - mbn hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]en-tbm-tkm-bn-Iv, amtkm-tkm-bn-Iv, kotdm-tkm-bnIv F∂n-hb - m-Wh - .

]en-tbm-tkm-bnIv (Paleozoic) Cu Iev ] sØ tIw{_n- b ≥, Hm¿tUm- h n- j y≥, sskeq- d n- b ≥, Unthm-Wn-b≥, Im¿t_m-Wn-s^-d-kv, s]¿an-b≥ F∂o alm-bp-K-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-®n-´p-≠v.

aotkm-tkm-bnIv (Mesozoic)

\m\qdp tImSnh¿jw apºp≈ BZna-Im-eL - ´- a - m-Wn-Xv. `qan-bpsS DXv]Øn apX¬ (450 tImSn h¿jw) ]md-Iƒ cq]-s∏´p hcp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ ImeL´w.

CXv {Sbm-knIv, Pqdm-kn-Iv, s{It´jykv F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p alm-bp-Kß - fmbpw hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ ""PqdmknIv'' Xmc-aq-ey-ap≈XmW-t√m. (""PqdmknIv ]m¿°n''eqsS). s{It‰-jykv alm-bp-K-Øn-em-bncp∂p Znt\m-k-dp-I-fpsS ]pjv°-e-Imew. "Pqdm-knIv ]m¿°v' F∂ Ne®n{Xw Znt\m-k-dp-Isf kq∏¿Xm-c-ßfm°n am‰n-bt- ∏mƒ A∂sØ G‰hpw

Ão^≥ tP KqƒUv

{IpSvsk≥

lmUn- b ≥

am¿®v 2012

Adn- b - s ∏- S p∂ ]cn- W ma imkv { X⁄≥ Ão^≥ tP KqƒUv Ppdm-knIv ]m¿°ns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hmb ssat°¬ {InIv‰t- WmSv tNmZn®p ""hmkvXh - Ø - n¬ Xm¶ƒ Nn{Xo-Ic - n-°p∂ Znt\m-kd - p-Iƒ s{It‰-jykv Ime-L´- s - Ø-bt√ kqNn∏n- ° p- ∂ - X v . '' {InIv ‰ s‚ adp- ] Sn: ""kplrtØ, AsX-\n-°d - n-bmw. ]t£ CXv kn\n-ab - m-W.v ChnsS "s{It‰jykv ]m¿°v, s{It‰-jykv ]m¿°v' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬ AXn\v "PpdmknIv ]m¿°n's‚ hmWn-Py-aq-ey-ap-≠mIptam? am{X-a√ CØ-c-Øn¬ Znt\mk-dp-Isf \n¿an-s®-Sp-°m-\m-hn-s√∂v Atßbv°pw Adn-bm-a-t√m. AXpsIm≠v £an-°pI''. Cu hnj-bØ - n¬ ]WvUn-X≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p tUmIvS¿ IqSn-bmb ssat°¬ {InIv‰¨

kot\m-tkm-bnIv (Cenozoic) CXv ]en-tbm-Po≥ (Palaeogene) \ntbm-Po≥ (Neogene) F∂o c≠p alm-bp-K-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]en-tbm-Po≥ alm-bp-KØ - nse bpKß-fmWv ]en-tbm-ko≥, Ctbm-ko≥, HfntKm-ko≥ F∂n-h. \ntbm-Po≥ almbpKw atbm-ko≥, πntbm-ko≥, πntÃmko≥, tlmtfm-ko≥ F∂n-ßs\ bpKß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

tlmtfm-ko≥ G‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ bpK-amWv "tlmtfm-ko≥'. 11,500 h¿jw apºp≠mb lna-bp-KsØ XpS¿∂p≈ ImeL-´-am-Wn-Xv. kv{Sm‰n-{Km-^n-Ãp-I-fpsS AwKo-Im-ca - p≈ h¿Ø-am-\b - p-Kw. \mw Pohn-°p∂ bpK-am-Wn-Xv.

""Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥'' t\m_¬ tPXm-hmb U®v ck-X{¥- ⁄ ≥ t]mƒ {IpSv s k≥ Hcp imkv{X ktΩ-f\ - Ø - n¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿jw 2000. ktΩ-f-\Øns‚ A[y-£≥ \nc-¥cw kqNn-∏n®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv "tlmtfm-ko≥' bpKsØ-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. {IqSvsk\v CX{X lnX-I-c-ambn tXm∂n-bn-√. ""CsXm-∂h - k - m-\n-∏n-°q.'' {IqSv s k≥ CS- s ∏- ´ p. ""\man- t ∏mƒ tlmtfm- k o≥ bpK- Ø n- e - √ , CXv "Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥' BWv''. Aev]-t\cw \ni-_vZ-X. XpS¿∂v Hcn-St- h-fb - v°p-tijw ktΩ-f\w ]p\cm-cw-`n-®t- ∏mƒ N¿® apgp-h≥ Bt{¥mt∏m-ko-\n-s\-°pdn®mbn. 2002-˛¬ {IpSvsk≥ Xs‚ Bibw Hcp {]_-‘a - mbn "t\®¿' hmcn-Ib - n¬ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. hfsc s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ Cu ]Zw imkv{X-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-em-bn. XpS¿∂p-h∂ ]e imkv{X-KXn

s{It‰-jykv alm-bp-KØn-em-bn-cp∂p Znt\m-kdp-I-fpsS ]pjv°-e-Im-ew. "Pqdm-knIv ]m¿°v' F∂ Ne-®n{Xw Znt\m-k-dpIsf kq∏¿Xm-c-ß-fm°n am‰n-b-t∏mƒ A∂sØ G‰hpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]cn-Wma imkv{X-⁄≥ Ão^≥ tP KqƒUv Ppdm-knIv ]m¿°ns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hmb ssat°¬ {InIv‰-tWmSv tNmZn®p ""hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Xm¶ƒ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ Znt\m-kdp-Iƒ s{It‰-jykv ImeL-´-sØ-bt√ kqNn-∏n°p-∂-Xv.'' {InIv‰s‚ adp]Sn: ""kplrtØ, AsX\n-°-dn-bmw. ]t£ CXv kn\n-a-bm-Wv. ChnsS "s{It‰jykv ]m¿°v, s{It‰-jykv ]m¿°v' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp∂m¬ AXn\v "Ppdm-knIv ]m¿°n's‚ hmWn-Py-aqey-ap-≠m-Iptam?

Kth-j-I-cp-sSbpw {]_-‘-ß-fpsS io¿j-I-ß-fn¬ "Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥' CSw ]nSn-®p. F∂m¬ `qhn-⁄m-\ob Ime-L-´ßsf hnh-cn-°p∂ t]cp-Iƒ°pw AhbpsS \n¿h- N - \ - ß ƒ°p- s ams° imkv{X-kΩ - Xn t\S-Ws - a-¶n¬ Ht´sd \n_-‘-\-I-fp-≠v. Hm¿tUm-hn-jy≥, s{It‰-jy-kv, antkm-tkm-bnIv F∂o Ime-L´- ß - ƒs°m-s°bpw hy‡-amb t^mkn¬ kqN-\I - f - p-≠v. GsX-¶nepw hn`mKw Pohn-Iƒ°v hwi-\miw h∂tXm, GsX-¶nepw hwi-ßƒ Bcw-`n®tXm Bb kqN-\-Iƒ Ch-bn-ep-≠v. henb AXym-ln-X-ßƒ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ kw`-hn-®Xpw CXn\p Imc-W-am-Ipw. Bt{¥m- t ∏m- k o≥ bpK- Ø n\v AØcw imkv{X-k-Ω-X-amb kqN-\Iƒ tXSn-bp≈ {ia-ß-fnemWn-t∏mƒ imkv{X⁄¿. a\p-jy≥ \n¿an® \K-c-ßfpw P\]-Yß - fpw sI´n-Sß - fpw AXn¬s∏-Sp∂ Dcp-°v, tIm¨{Io-‰v, CjvSnI Chsbms° i‡-amb kqN-\-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ch-sbms° F{X-Imew \ne\n¬°p-sa∂ kwi-b-ap-≠v. `qan- b nse D]- t bmKtbmKyambXn¬ 38 iX-am\w {]tZ-i-ßfpw a\p-jy≥ Irjn-°m-bp-]t- bm-Kn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ Ah-in-jSv ß - ƒ as‰mcp kqN\-bm-W.v s^¿´n-sse-k¿ πm‚p-Iƒ, hymhkm-bnI Irjn D≠m-°n-bn-´p≈ ]cmK kar-≤n, Ch-sbm-s°bpw kqN-\-I-fmhmw. asÆm-en-∏v, h\-\-io-I-c-Ww, A¥-co-£-Øns‚ LS-\-bn¬ h∂n´p≈ am‰w, ]hn-g-∏p-‰p-I-fpsS \io-I-cWw F∂n- ß s\ a\p- j ys‚ ap{Z ]Xn™ Ht´sd taJ-e-I-fp-≠v. C\nbn-t∏mƒ F∂mWv Cu "bpKw' Bcw`n-°p-∂Xv F∂-dn-b-W-a-t√m. C°m-cyØnepw s]mXp [mc- W - b n- √ . 8000 h¿jw apX¬ IW-°p-If - m-cw-`n-°p-∂p. GXm-bmepw International Commission on Stratigraphs (ICS) bpsS ]cn-KW-\b - nse NqtS-dnb hnjbw Ct∏mƒ CXp-X-s∂. A¥na Xocp-am-\-Øn\v ICS-\p ]pdta AXns‚ amXr-kw-L-S\-bmb International Union of Geological Science-s‚ thm´p-Ifpw thWw. Xocp-am-\-Øn\v h¿j-ß-sf-Sp-tØ°mw. CXns‚ {]mcw` kqN\ \¬Inb t]mƒ {IpSv s k≥ ]d- b p- ∂ Xv Cu t]cns‚ AwKo-Im-cs - Ø-°mƒ X\n°p XmXv]cyw Cu Ime-L´w sIm≠v a\pjy≥ D≠m-°n-h® bmX-\-I-sf-°p-dnt®m¿°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. ""Cu ]Zw "Bt{¥m-t∏m-ko≥' Hcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏mhWw''.

\nbaw AUz. sI.-]n. chn-{]-Imiv

apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°mbn

Hcp \nb-aw kz¥w ho´n¬ Bcmcpw Adn-bmsX InS∂v \c-In®v acn-°p-∂-h¿ C∂v hm¿Øb-√m-Xmbn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. k\m-YcpsS A\m-YXzw C∂v A[nIw N¿® sNø-s∏-SmØ kmaqly {]iv\-am-Wv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tI{μ-k¿°m¿ ""amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsSbpw apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cp-sSbpw kwc-£-W-Øn-\pw t£aØn\pap≈ \nbaw˛2007'' ]mkm-°n-b-Xv. 2009¬ Xs∂ tIc-f-k¿°m¿ CXn-\m-h-iy-amb N´-ßƒ cq-]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

G‰hpw ]pXnb sk≥kkv dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ {]Imcw 60 hb- n\p apI-fn¬ {]mb-am-b-h-cpsS P\-kw-Jy-m\n-c°v C¥y-bn¬ 6% BWv. tIc-fØ - n¬ CXv 12% BWv. C∏-d-™-Xns‚ A¿∞w tIc-f-Øn¬ Zo¿Lm-bp v D≈-h-cpsS FÆw AJn-te¥ym icm-ic - n-bpsS Cc´n-bm-Wv F∂mW.v tIc-f-Øn¬ Pohn°p∂ a\p-jy¿°v Zo¿L-Imew Pohn°m≥ Ignbp∂p F∂-Xn¬ \ap°v

A`n-am-\n-°mw.- C-Xn\v Iptd Imc-Wßƒ D≠v F∂pw \ap°v Adn-bmw. AXv AhnsS Ccn-°-s´. CXn¬ 12% hcp∂ Bfp-If - psS {]iv\ß - ƒ {]tXyIn®v FSpØv ]cn-tim-[n®v Ah¿°v th≠ kmaq-ly-t£a Imcy-ßƒ Dd∏v hcp- Ø p- ∂ - X n\v Ct∏mgpw \ap°v Ign™n-´n-√. tIcf kaq-lØ - n¬ {]mbam- b - h - c psS {]iv \ - ß ƒ {]tXyIw FSpØv ]cn-tim-[n-°s - ∏-tS-≠h Xs∂-

bm-Wv. h¿[n®p hcp∂ \K-c-hXvI-cWw, AWp-Ip-Spw_ hyh-ÿ, ]mc-ºcy-aq-ey-Nyp-Xn, I¨kyq-ad - n-kw, ]pXnb Xe- a p- d - b psS C≥Un- h n- P z- e n- k w, ]pXnb sXmgn¬ kml- N - c y- ß ƒ F∂nh G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ _m[n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv {]mb-am-bh - s - cbm-W.v hb- mIp∂ Ime-L´w a‰p-≈-h-cpsS kvt\lhpw ]cn-N-c-W-hpw- G-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Bh-iy-amb kabam-Wv. am¿®v 2012

]s£ ta¬ kqNn-∏n® {]iv\-ßƒ aqew {]mb-am-b-h¿°v Bh-iy-amb kvt\lhpw ]cn-Nc - W - hpw e`n-°msX Ah¿ kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw Ah-KWn°s∏´ hn`m-K-ambn amdn-s°m-≠ncn-°p-Ib - m-W.v Zo¿L-Imew Ah¿ kaql-Øn\pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw \evInb kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS ê-am-Wv \ΩpsS Ct∏m-gsØ sa®-s∏´ PohnX kmlNcyw F∂pw AXp- s Im≠v Xs∂ kmbm-”I - m-eØv Ah¿°v th≠ ]cnK- W - \ bpw kpc- £ bpw \ev I pI F∂Xv ]n≥XeapdbpsS DØ-c-hmZnXzw BWv F∂ apey- t _m[w \ap°v \jvSs - ∏-´psIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ BWv ka-Imeo\ am[y- a - ß - f neqsSbpw a‰pw \nXyhpw \Ωƒ I≠v sIm≠n-cn-°p∂-Xv. ]W tI{μo-Ir-Xamb Hcp kmaqly-hy-hÿ \bn®v sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ D¬]m-Z\ - £ - a - a - √ - mØ-sXm∂pw em`-I-c-a√ AXv \ne\n¬tI-≠-Xn√ F∂-Xm-Wv {]am-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse F√m hyh-lm-c-ßsfbpw \Ωƒ emÌcw F∂ kw⁄-bp-ambn IqńbnW°m≥ {ian-°p-Ib - m-W.v Ipń-bpsS hnZym`ymkw apX¬ Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hscbp≈ F√m {]h¿Ø-\ß - s - fbpw em`mSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøm≥ \Ωƒ kzbw ]Tn-°p-IbmWv. AXpsIm≠v apXn¿∂ ]uc\v Ah-cpsS kzbm¿PnX kzØv D≠m-bm¬ t]mepw Ahsc kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv X\n°v \jvS°-®h - Sw BIn√ F∂v Dd-∏m-°n-bnt´ Ahsc kwc- £ n- ° m\pw ]cn- N - c n°m\pw D≈ G¿∏mSv sNøp-I-bp-≈q. {]mb- a m- b - h - c n¬ BtcmKyw £bn®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsS ]e Bhiy-ßƒ°pw ]c-kl - mbw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. CtXmsS Ah-KW - \ IqSn IqSn hcp∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. IpSpw-_Ønse Ah-KW - \, s]mXpCS-ßf - nse Ah-K-W\, bm{X-°n-S-bnse Ah-KW\, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse Ah-K-W\ XpSßn \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kakvX afi-e-ß-fnepw Cu hn`mKw hnhn-[cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Ah-K-W-\-Iƒ t\cn-Sp∂Xv \ΩpsS \nXy-Im-gvNb - m-Wv. {]mbap-≈-h¿ am{Xw Xma-kn-°p-∂ hoSpIfpw H‰bv°v Xma-kn-°p-∂h - c - psS hoSpIfpw h¿[n®v sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Bcmcpw t\m°m-\n-√msX t£{X ]cnk- c - ß - f nepw ]oSn- I - Ø n- Æ - b nepw InS∂ acn-°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw IqSns°m- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. kz¥w hoń¬ Bcmcpw Adn-bmsX InS∂v \c-In®v acn-°p-∂-h¿ C∂v hm¿Ø-b-√m-Xmbn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. k\m-YcpsS imkv{X-KXn

A\m-YXzw C∂v A[nIw N¿® sNøs∏-SmØ kmaqly {]iv\-am-Wv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv tI{μ-k¿°m¿ ""amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsSbpw apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m- c p- s Sbpw kwc- £ - W - Ø n- \ pw t£aØn\pap≈ \nbaw˛2007'' ]mkm°n-b-Xv. 2009¬ Xs∂ tIc-f-k¿°m¿ CXn-\m-hi - y-amb N´-ßƒ cq-]o-Ic - n-°pIbpw \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ sIm≠ph-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. cmPysØ apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°v Bh-iy-amb t£ahpw kpc-£bpw Dd∏v h-cp-ØpI F∂Xv kmaqly DØc-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \nbaw D≠m-bn-´n-s√-¶n¬ IqSn apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS kzØn\v Ah-Im-in-If - mIp- ∂ - h - c p- s S DØ- c - h m- Z n- Ø amWv apXn¿∂- ]uc∑msc kwc-£n-°pI F∂-Xv. a°-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv amX]n-Xm°sf kwc-£n-°pI F∂Xv. CXv Hcp \nb-a] - c - a - mb _m[y-Xb - m°n am‰p-I-bmWv ]pXnb \n-b-aw sNbvXn´p≈-Xv.

{]mb-am-b-h-cn¬ BtcmKyw £bn®p XpSßp-∂-tXmsS ]e Bhiy-ßƒ°pw ]c-klmbw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. CtXmsS Ah-KW\ IqSn IqSn hcp∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. IpSpw_-Ønse Ah-K-W\, s]mXpCS-ß-fnse Ah-KW\, bm{X-°n-S-bnse Ah-K-W\, Bip-]-{Xn-Ifnse Ah-K-W\ XpSßn \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kakvX aﬁ-e-ß-fnepw Cu hn`mKw hnhn-[-cq-]Øn-ep≈ Ah-K-W-\-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂Xv \ΩpsS a-Ønse {]-[m-\-hy-h-ÿ\nXy-Im-gvN-bm-Wv. {]mb- \nbIƒ C{]-Im-c-am-Wv: ap-≈-h¿ am{Xw Xma-kn1. ]p{X-t‚tbm, ]p{Xn-bp-tStbm °p-∂ hoSp-Ifpw Ah¿ Pohn-®n-cn-∏n√ F¶n¬ {]mbH‰bv°v Xma-kn-°p-∂-h- ]q¿Ønbmb ]u{X-t‚tbm ]u{Xn-bpcpsS hoSp-Ifpw h¿[n®v tStbm DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øa - mWv amXm-]n-Xm°sf kwc£ n° pI F∂X.v AXm-bXv sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. apØ-—-t‚bpw apØ-»n-bp-tSbpw kwc£Ww hsc \ - n-baw Dd-∏m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. 2. Hcp apXn¿∂ ]uc\v a°tfm t]c-°n-Sm-ßtfm C√ F¶n¬ apXn¿∂

apXn¿∂ ]ucs\ kwc-£n®v sIm≠ncn-°p∂ hy‡n ap-Xn¿∂ ]ucs\ Dt]-£n-°pI F∂ e£ytØmsS GsX-¶nepw ÿeØv apXn-¿∂ ]ucs\ hn´n´v t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw aq∂v h¿j-°mew hsc XS-hn\pw in£n°m-hp∂ Ip‰-am°n IW°m-°p-∂XmWv. ]ucs‚ kzØv h∂p tNcp-∂-h-cpsS DØ-ch - m-Zn-ØamWv apXn¿∂ ]ucs\ kwc-£n-°pI F∂-Xv. 3. \nb- a - h y- h - ÿ - I ƒ \S- ∏ n- e m°p∂Xn\mbn B-hiyamb sabn‚\≥kv ss{S_yq-W-ep-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°Ww. kwÿm-\sØ k_vUn-hn-jW - ¬ Hm^okdpsS ]Z-hn-tb-°mƒ Xmsgb√mØ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ≥ ss{S_yqW- e ns‚ B≤y£yw hln- ° - W w. ss{S_yq-W-en\v Hcp knhn¬ tImSXnbpsS F√m A[n-Im-c-ßfpw D≠mbn-cn-°pw. 4. amXm- h n- t \m, ]nXm- h n- t \m, apXn¿∂ ]uct\m B¿°mWv kwc£Ww Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ Ah-¿t°m,

Ah¿ A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ hy‡nt°m, k∂≤ kwLS\t°m, ss{S_yqW-en\v kzta-[bm Xs∂tbm kwc-£W-Øn-\p≈ At]£ \¬Im-hp-∂X - mWv. At]£ e`n®v 90 Znh-kØ - n-\Iw ss{S_yq-W¬ - Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈Ww. 5. At]£ e`n®v Ign- ™ m¬ ss{S_yq-W¬ Hcp I¨kn-en-tbj≥ Hm^o-ksd \nb-an®v Hcp amkØn-\p≈n¬ Abm-fpsS Is≠-Øe - p-Iƒ kzoIcn- t °- ≠ - X m- W v . AXm- b Xv Hcp I¨kn- en-tb-j≥ Hm^o-ks - d-s°m≠v Xs∂ {]iv\w kam-[m-\] - c - a - mbn HØpXocpw F¶n¬ B HØpXo¿∏v hyhÿ Xs∂ ss{S_yq-W-en\v DØ-

c-hm°n \evIm-hp-∂X - m-Wv. 6. DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-s∏-´-h¿ amXm-]nXm-°-tftbm apXn¿∂ ]uc-t\tbm kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Dt]£ hcp-ØpItbm \nc-kn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-®n-´p≈ \n›nX {]Xn-amk XpI \evIp-∂X - n\v th≠n _‘s∏-´h - t- cmSv DØ-ch - n-Sm-hp∂-Xm-W.v F∂m¬ Cu XpI ]c-amh[n ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]-bn¬ Ihn-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ss{S_yq-W¬ sX‰n-≤-cn∏n-°s∏´p F∂v tXm∂n- b m¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ DØ-c-hn¬ Bh-iy-amb am‰- ß ƒ hcpØn ]p\¿ DØ- c hv CSm\pw ss{S_yqWen\v A[n-Im-c-ap≠v. 7. apXn¿∂ ]uc- \ n¬ \nt∂m, amXm-]n-Xm-°fn¬ \nt∂m bmsXmcp hn[- Ø n- e p≈ tImS- X n- sN- e hpw ss{S_yq-W¬ CuSm-°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.8. ss{S_yq-W-en\v taep≈ A∏oep-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn\v Hmtcm Pn√bnepw Hcp A∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W¬ D≠mbncn-°pw. Pn√m-aP - n-ktv {S-‰ns‚ ]Zhn-°p-Xm-sg-b√ - mØ Hcp DtZym-Kÿ - ≥ BWv A∏- e ‰v ss{S_yq- W - e ns‚ B[y£yw hln-t°-≠-Xv. A∏o¬ Adp-]Xv ZnhkØn-\Iw \evtI≠Xpw A∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-We - ns‚ hn[n A¥nahp-am-bn-cn-°pw. 9. Cu \nb- a - Ø ns‚ as‰mcp {][m\ {]tXy-IX ss{S_yq-Wen\v ap≥]m-sItbm A-∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-Wen\v ap≥]m-sItbm I£n-Iƒ°v AhcpsS k¶-S-ßƒ t\cn´v t_m[y-s∏-SpØmw F∂Xm-Wv. Hcp A`n-`m-jI - \pw Xs‚ I£n-°p-th≠n ss{S_yq-W-epIƒ apºmsI lmP-cm-Im≥ Ign-bn-√. AXm-bXv bmsXmcphn[ ^otkm NqjWtam IqSmsX, \oXn-\n-tj-[n-°s - ∏-´h¿°v ]q¿W-kw-c-£Ww Dd-∏m-°pI F∂-XmWv \nb-a-Øns‚ e£yw. Poh-\mwiw Bh-iys∏Sp∂-hc - psS ASn-ÿm\ Bh-iy-ßƒ°v th≠n-hcp-∂ XpI, FXn¿I£n-bpsS hcp-am\w, At]-£-Is‚ kzØpw AXn¬\n∂v In´p∂ hcp-am\hpw F∂nhsbms° ]cn-KWn®psIm-≠p≈ ]c-amh[n Poh-\mwi XpI-bmWv ss{S_yqW¬ hn[n-°p-I. 10. Pn√m kmaqly-t£a DtZym-Kÿ- t \- t bm, Pn√m kmaq- l y- t £a DtZym-Kÿ - s‚ ]Z-hn°v Xmsg-b√ - mØ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ-t\tbm sabv‚-\≥kv Hm^o-kd - mbn Pn√m--Xe-Øn¬ \n¿t±in°-s∏-S-Ww. Cbmƒ°v amXmhnt\m ]nXmhnt\m apXn¿∂ ]uct\m th≠n ss{S_yq-W-entem A∏-e‰v ss{S_yqam¿®v 2012

W-entem {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n-°m-hp-∂X - m-W.v 11. Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw Bh-iy-amb{X hr≤k-Z-\-ßƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xn\v \nbaw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. 12. kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ ]q¿Wamtbm `mKn-I-amtbm apX¬ap-S-°p∂ Bip- ] - { Xn- I - f n¬ {]tXyI Iyq kuIcyw, hr≤-]-cn-N-c-W-Øn-\p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ, {]tXyI Kth-jW {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ F∂n-hbv°v kuI-cyßƒ Hcp-°-Ww. 13. \n-b-asØ°pdn-®p≈ hn]p-eamb t_m[- h - X v I - c - W - { ]- h ¿Ø- \ ßfpw, k¿°m¿Xe ]cn-io-e-\-ßfpw \S- ° - W w. apXn¿∂ ]u- c - ∑ m- c psS t£a- h p- a mbn _‘- s ∏´v hnhn[ k¿°m¿ hIp- ∏ p- I ƒ \S- Ø p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ XΩn¬ GtIm-]\w D≠m-°W - w. 14. apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS kzØv ssI°-em°n Ah¿°v Bh-iy-amb kwc-£Ww \evImØ ]£w AØc- Ø n- e p≈ ssIam‰w Akm- [ p- h m°m\pw ss{S_yq-W-en\v Ah-Im-i-ap≠v. 15. apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS Poh\pw kzØn\pw kwc-£Ww \evIp-∂-Xn\p≈ hym]- I - a mb I¿Ω ]≤Xn k¿°m¿ \n›-bn-t°-≠X - m-Wv. 16. apXn¿∂ ]ucs\ kwc-£n®v sIm≠ncn- ° p∂ hy‡n ap- X n¿∂ ]ucs\ Dt]-£n-°pI F∂ e£ytØmsS GsX-¶nepw ÿeØv apXn¿∂ ]ucs\ hn´n´v t]mhp-I-bm-sW¶n¬ 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw aq∂v h¿j-°mew hsc XS-hn\pw in£n°mhp∂ Ip‰-am°n IW°m-°p-∂XmWv. tIc-fk - ¿°m¿ ]pds∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p≈ amXm-]n-Xm-°t- fbpw, apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑mcptSbpw kwc-£W - hpw t£ahpw N´ß-fn¬ Ht´sd \n¿t±-i-ßƒ ap-t∂m´v h®n-´p-≠v.

\nb-a-Øns‚ as‰mcp {][m\ {]tXy-IX ss{S_yq-Wen\v ap≥]msItbm A-∏-e‰v ss{S_yq-W-en\v ap≥]msItbm I£n-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS k¶-S-ßƒ t\cn´v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ømw F∂Xm-Wv. Hcp A`n-`mj-I\pw Xs‚ I£n-°pth≠n ss{S_yq-W-epIƒ apºmsI lmP-cmIm≥ Ign-bn-√. AXm-bXv bmsXmcphn[ ^otkm Nqj-Wtam IqSmsX, \oXn-\n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´h¿°v ]q¿W-kw-c£Ww Dd-∏m-°pI F∂XmWv \nb-a-Øns‚ e£yw

\SØm\pw kq£va ]cn-tim-[\ \SØm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw. 3. Cu N´- ß - f nepw kwÿm\ k¿°m-cns‚ as‰-s¥-¶nepw am¿§\n¿t±- i - ß - f nepw DØ- c - h p- I - f nepw \ev I n- b n- c n- ° p∂ am\- Z - W v U - ß ƒ Ah¿ ]men-°p-∂p-sh∂v Dd∏m-°p-∂Xn\v Pn√-bnse hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-fpsS {]h¿Ø- \ - Ø n¬ ta¬t\m´w \SØm\pw kq£- v a - ] - c n- t im- [ \ \SØm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw. 4. BIv‰nse hyh-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw, apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS t£aØn-\pth-≠n-bp≈ tI{μ-k¿°mcp-If - p-sSbpw kwÿm-\k - ¿°m-cp-If - p-sSbpw ]≤-XnI-fp-sSbpw {Ia-ambpw hn]p-ea - m-bp-ap≈ {]N-cWw Dd-∏m-°m\pap≈ DØ-c-hmZn-Øw. 5. ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰nIƒ s\lvdp bph-tI-{μ-ßƒ, hnZym`ym-k-ÿm-]\ -- -ßƒ, {]tXyI-n®v AhcpsS \mj-W¬ k¿hokv kvIow bqWn‰p- I ƒ, kwL- S - \ - I ƒ, Pn√- b n¬ {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ {]h¿Ø- I ¿, hnZKv≤¿, {]K- ¤ ¿ Xp- S - ß n- b - h sc t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂X - n\pw GtIm-]n-∏n°p-∂X - n\pw Ah-cpsS hn-`h - t- i-jnbpw DZy-a-ßfpw Pn√-bnse apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m-cpsS t£a-Øn-\p-th≠n ^e-{]-Zambn D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øm\pap≈ DØc-hm-Zn-Øw. 6. {]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßfpw a‰v ASn-b¥n-cm-hÿ I - fpw D≠m-bm¬, aqXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿°v X°-ka-b-Øp≈ klmbhpw ]cn-lm-chpw Dd-∏m-°m\pap≈ DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øw.

Pn√m aPn-kvt{S-‰ns‚ / If-IvS-dpsS I¿Ø-hy-ßfpw A[n-Im-c-ßfpw 1. Pn√-bnse apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS Poh\pw kzØpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-S-Wsa∂pw kpc£nXXz-tØm-sSbpw A¥t m-sSbpw Pohn°m≥ Ah¿°v Ignbp-∂p-s≠∂pw {]m]vX-cm-sW∂pw Dd∏p-hcp-ØpI. 2. kwc-£-W-Øn-\p th≠nbp≈ At]£ X°-ka - b - Øv kap-Nn-Xa - mbn Xo¿∏vI-ev]n-°p-∂Xpw ss{S_yq-Wens‚ DØc-hp-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂Xpw Dd∏m-°pI F∂ ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS Pn√bnse sabn‚-\≥kv ss{S_yq-W-ep-Ifp-tSbpw {]h¿Ø-\Ø - n\v ta¬t\m´w imkv{X-KXn

7. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amcpsS t£atØmSp _‘-s∏´ hnhn[ hIp-∏p-Ifn-sebpw Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\ß-fn-sebpw DtZym-K-ÿ≥am-¿°v Aß-s\-bp≈ ]uc- ≥ am- c psS Bh- i y- ß ƒ°pw c≠matØXnep≈ DtZym-K-ÿ≥amcpsS I¿Øhy-sØ-°p-dn®pw Imem-Ime-ß-fn-ep≈ t_m[-hXvI-cWw Dd-∏m°m\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw. 8. t]meokv IΩo-j-W-dp≈ \K-cßƒ Hgn-sI-bp≈ Pn√-bn-se, apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amtcmSp _‘-s∏´ tIkp-IfpsS At\z-jW - Ø - n-t‚bpw hn-Nm-cW - bp-sSbpw ]ptcm-KXn Ah-tem-I\w sNøm\pap≈ DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øw. 9. ]©m-bØ - p-Iƒ, t]mtÃm-ô-kpIƒ, tªm°vsUh-e-]vsa‚ v Hmô-kqIƒ, Xl-kn¬ Hmô-kp-Iƒ, If-IvStd‰v, t]meokv tÃj-\p-Iƒ F∂nh t]mep≈, ]uc≥amtcmSv s]mXp-kº¿°- a p≈ Hmô- k p- I - f n¬ kwc£WØn\pth-≠n-bp≈ \n¿±njvS At]-£m-t^m-dß - ƒ th≠{X FÆw Dd-∏m-°m\pap≈ DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øw. 10. Pn√m Bÿm-\Øv apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°p-th≠n ka¿∏n-X-amb sl¬∏v sse\p-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p∂-Xn\v t{]m’m-ln∏n-°m\pw AXn\v XpS°an-Sm\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amcpsS Pohs‚bpw kzØn-s‚bpw kwc-£W - Ø - n\mbn {]-tXyI {]h¿Ø\ ]≤Xn N´Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-p≠v. Ah C{]-Im-camWv: 1. Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw AXns‚ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ Pohn°p∂ apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS, {]tXy-In®v X\nsb (AXm-bX - v, Ah-cpsS hońse apXn¿∂ ]uc-\-√mØ GsX-¶nepw AwK-sØ-°q-SmsX) Pohn-°p-∂h - c - psS G‰hpw ]pXnb enÃv ImØp-kq-£nt°-≠X - m-W;v 2. t]meokv tÃjs‚ Hcp {]Xn\n[n, Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØm-fw, Hcp kmaqly-{]-h¿Ø-Is - ‚-tbm, k∂-≤t- k-hI - s‚tbm IqsS, {Ia-am-bp≈ CS-th-f-Ifn¬, Ipd-™Xv amkØn¬ Hcn-°se¶nepw Aß-s\-bp≈ apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amsc, kμ¿in-t°-≠Xpw, AXn\pw-]p-d-ta, Ahcn¬\n-∂p≈ klm-bØn- \ m- b p≈ At]£ kzoI- c n®v Ignbp-∂{X s]´∂v Ahsc kμ¿int°-≠X - pamWv; 3. apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m-cpsS ]cm-XnIƒ/ {]iv\ß - ƒ {]mtZ-inI t]meokv DS-\Sn ]cn-KW - n-t°-≠X - p-amWv; 4. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿, {]tXy-In®v Xs∂- Ø m≥ Pohn- ° p--∂ - h ¿ Hcp

Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw AXns‚ ]cn[n-°p-≈n¬ Pohn°p∂ apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS, {]tXy-In®v X\nsb Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpsS G‰hpw ]pXnb enÃv ImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠-XmWv; t]meokv tÃjs‚ Hcp {]Xn-\n[n, Ign-bp-∂nS-tØm-fw, Hcp kmaq-ly{]-h¿Ø-I-s‚-tbm, k∂≤-tk-h-I-s‚tbm IqsS, {Ia-am-bp≈ CS-th-f-Ifn¬, Ipd-™Xv amkØn¬ Hcn-°se¶nepw Aß-s\-bp≈ apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amsc, kμ¿in-t°-≠Xpw, AXn\pw-]p-d-ta, Ahcn¬\n∂p≈ klm-b-Øn-\mbp≈ At]£ kzoIcn®v Ignbp-∂{X s]´∂v Ahsc kμ¿in-t°-≠XpamWv;

hiØpw t]meokpw Pn√m`c-W-IqShpw adp-h-iØpambp≈ \nc-¥-c-kº¿°w Dd-∏m-°p∂ Ht∂m AXn¬°qSp-Xtem k∂-≤-tk-h-I-cpsS IΩn-‰n(Iƒ) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw th≠n cq]o-Ic - n-t°-≠X - mWv; 5. Pn√m kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meotkm, t]meokv IΩo-jW - t- dm, AXXp kwKXn-t]m-se, am[ya-ß-fnepw t]meokv tÃj-\p-If - n-eq-sSbpw {Ia-amb CS-thf-If - n¬, apXn¿∂ ]u¿am-cpsS Poh\pw kzØn\pw kwc-£Ww \evIm≥th≠n- FSp-°p∂ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]cs° {]kn-≤o-Ic - nt°≠XmWv; 6. apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿s°- X nsc sNbvX Ip‰ IrXy-ßtfmSp _‘-s∏´ F√m {][m-\-s∏´ hnh-c-ßfpw ASßp∂ Hcp {]tXyI cPn-Ã¿, DØ-chp-hgn kwÿm-\-k¿°m¿ ]d-bp∂ cq]-Øn¬, Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw ImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠X - mWv; 7. (6)˛mw JWvUØ - n¬ ]cm-a¿in® cPn-Ã¿ s]mXp ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v e`yam-°m≥ kq£n-®p-h-bvt°≠Xpw Hcp t]meokv tÃj-\n¬ ]cn-tim-[\ \SØp∂ DtZym-Kÿ - ≥, cPn-Ãdn¬ {]Xn^ - en-°p∂ ÿnXn-KX - n-Iƒ ÿnc-ambn Ah-tem-I\w sNtø-≠X - p-amWv; 8. Hmtcm amk-Øn-t‚bpw ]Ømw Znh-kw, t]meokv tÃj≥ Ip‰-ßf - psS Hcp {]Xn-amk dnt∏m¿´v Pn√m kq{]≠v am¿®v 2012

Hm^v t]meo-knt\m/ t]meokv IΩoj-W¿t°m \evtI-≠X - mWv; 9. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿ Xß-fpsS kpc-£-bv°p-th≠n A\p-h¿Øn-t°≠-Xmb sNøm-hp-∂X - n-s‚bpw sNøm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xn-s‚bpw enÃv ]cs° {]N-cn-∏n-t°-≠X - mWv; 10. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°p-th≠n tPmen sNøp∂ ho´p-th-e° - m-cp-sSbpw a‰p-≈h - c - p-sSbpw ]q¿Δ-hr-Øm-¥ß - ƒ, Aß-s\-bp≈ ]uc≥am-cpsS A`y¿∞-\-bn≥ta¬, Xma-kw-Iq-SmsX ]cntim-[n-t°-≠X - mWv; 11. Ab¬]-°Øv Xma-kn-°p∂ ]uc≥am-tcmSpw dkn-U‚ k v v sh¬s^b¿ Atkm-kn-tb-j-\p-I-tfmSpw bphk-∂-≤-tk-h-I-tcmSpw k¿°m-tc-Xc kwL- S - \ - I - t fmSpw a‰pw tN¿∂v , apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°p-th≠n P\ssa{Xn t]meokv kwhn-[m\w \S-tØ≠-XmWv; 12. Ign-™-amkw apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿s°-Xnsc \S∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Ønt‚bpw cPn-Ã¿ sNbvX Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfp-sSbpw t{]mkn-Iyq-j\pw At\zj-W]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw B amk-Øn¬ ssIs°m≠ {]Xn-tcm-[\ - S- ] - SnIfpw Dƒ∏sS-bp≈ Hcp {]Xn-amk dnt∏m¿´v, Hmtcm amk-sØbpw 20-˛mw XobXn Pn√m kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv/ t]meokv IΩo-jW - ¿ Ub-dI - vS¿ P\-d¬ Hm^v t]meo-kn\pw Pn√m-a-Pn-kvt{S-‰n\pw ka¿∏n-t°-≠X - mWv; \nb-aØns‚bpw N´-ßf - p-sSbpw ê-{]-Za - mb \S-Øn∏v Dd∏v hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn kmaqly t£a- h - I p∏v a{¥n A[y- £ - \ mb kwÿm\ Iu¨knepw, kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ \ma-\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ Pn√ Iu¨knepw cq]o- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X n\v {]tXyI \n¿t±-iß - ƒ D≠v. \nb-aØ - nse 19-˛mw hIp∏v {]Imcw ÿm]n- ° p∂ AK- X n- a - μ n- c - ß ƒ°v D≠m-tI≠ ùXnI kml-N-cy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v N´-ßƒ hfsc hy‡ambn Xs∂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. 1. ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw {]tXyIw apdn-Iƒ/ InS-∏d- I - ƒ ASßnb ]m¿∏n-Sw. 2. Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ ip≤-Pe e`y-X. 3. ssh- Z ypX ^m\pw, NqSm- ° m\pap≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ. 4. tÃmtdm-Sp-Iq-Snb ASp-°-f-]p-c, Hmô-kpw, ssU\nßv lmfpw. 5. Ah- i - c m- b - h ¿°v ]‰nb tSmbve‰pIfpƒ∏sS Bh-iy-Øn\v tSmb-ve‰pw Ipfn-ap-dn-Ifpw 6. hnt\mZ kuI-cy-ßfpw sSen-hnj-\pw ]{X-ß-fpw B\p-Im-en-Iimkv{X-KXn

ßfpw {KŸ tiJ-c-hpw. 7. {]Ya ip{iq-j° - m-bp-ff - CS-ßfpw BtcmKy ]cn- ] m- e \ kuI- c yßfpw. 8. t]mjI KpW-ap≈Xpw BtcmKy Zmb-Ihp-amb `£-W-Øns‚ hnXc-Ww. 9. aXn-bmb hkv{Xhpw en\\pw 10. ipNo-I-c-W-Øn\pw BtcmKy ]cn]m-e-\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb hm®v & hm¿Uv a‰v kwhn-[m\-ßfpw Npcp-°-Øn¬ \nbaw \√-\n-ebn¬ \S- ∏ n- e m- ° p- I - b mWv F¶n¬ apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS kmaq-ly-t£a cwKØv Hcp tIcf tamU¬ Xs∂ \ap°v krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw \nb-a-Øns‚ ]cnan-XI - fpw \Ωƒ ImWm-Xn-cp∂p IqSm. H∂m-aXv Cu \nbaw kaq-l-Ønse AK-Xn-I-fmb apgp-h≥ apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m-scbpw kwc-£n-t°≠ DØ-c-hmZnØw tÃ‰n\v D≠v F∂v ka¿∞n-

°p-∂n-√. Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc kzbm¿PnX kzØv D≈-h¿°v am{X-amWv ]q¿Wamb A¿∞-Øn¬ kwc-£W - hpw Poh\mw-ihpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂X - v. a‰p-≈h - ¿°v AKXn aμn-c-ßƒ D≠m-Ip∂ apd°v Ahn-SsØ kuI-cy-ßf - psS ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ ap≥K-W\ {Ia-Øn¬ am{XamWv AUvan-j≥ e`n-°p-I. CXm-\-hiy-amb ^≠v a‰p-Im-cy-ßƒ F∂o-Imcy-ßf - n¬ \nb-ahpw N´hpw \ni-_Zv X ]men-°p-Ib - m-Wv. IpSpw- _ - Ø n- \ p- ≈ n¬ Xs∂ apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Ah-K-W-\-Ifpw t\cn-Sp-∂p-≠v F∂XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Ah-KW - \ - I - sf ]cn-tim-[n®v apXn¿∂ ]uc- ∑ m¿°v F√m hn[- Ø n- e p≈ t£ahpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw D≠mhpI F∂ Bh- i y- t Øbpw \nbaw bmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂n√. tabv‚\≥kv Hm^o-k¿am¿°v IqSpX¬ DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øhpw A[n-Im-cß - fpw

Ign-™-amkw apXn¿∂ ]uc≥-am¿s°-Xnsc \S∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn-t‚bpw cPn-Ã¿ sNbvX Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfp-sSbpw t{]mkn-Iyq-j\pw At\zj-W-]p-tcm-KXnbpw B amk-Øn¬ ssI-s°m≠ {]Xn-tcm-[-\-S]SnIfpw Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ Hcp {]Xn-amk dnt∏m¿´v, Hmtcm amk-sØbpw 20-˛mw XobXn Pn√m kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv/ t]meokv IΩo-j-W¿ Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬ Hm^v t]meo-kn\pw Pn√m-a-Pn-kvt{S-‰n\pw ka¿∏n-t°-≠-XmWv;

\evIn. apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cpsS {]iv\ß-fn¬ CS-s]´v \S]Sn-Iƒ ssIs°m≈m-\m-h-iy-amb hIp-∏p-Iƒ \nb-aØn¬ FgpXn- t ®- ¿ t°≠- X p- ≠ v . F∂mte \nbaw ka-{K-am-Iq. \nbahpw N´hpw {]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂n´v Ipd®p Ime-am-sb-¶n¬ IqSn \nbaw

\S-∏n-em°n P\-ßƒ°v A\p-`-h-thZy-am-Ip∂ Ahÿ Ct∏mgpw D≠m-bn´n-√. kwÿm\ Iu¨knepw Pn√m IΩ- ‰ n- I - f pw \ne- h n¬ h∂n- ´ n- √ . ss{S_yqWepI- f psS cq]o- I - c - W Ønepw {]h¿Ø-\-Ønepw th≠{X ipjvIm¥n D≠m-bn-´n-√. AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ \nb-aØn¬ Xs∂ kqNn-∏n°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf \nbaw kw_‘n®v Adn-hp-≈h - c - m°n am‰p∂ {]h¿Ø\ ]cn- ] m- S n- I fpw k¿°m¿ CXp-hsc XpS-ßn-bn-´n-√. IpSpw_ß-fn-ep-≈h - c - psS Imcy-Ønem-bmepw AK-Xn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn-embmepw {]tXy- I - \ bhpw CS- s ]SepIfpw D≠mbn htc- ≠ - X p- ≠ v . kwÿm-\-Iu¨kn-en-t‚bpw Pn√m IΩ-‰nIƒ°pw {]h¿Ø\w Imcy-£a-amIm≥ \ne-hn-ep≈ \nbaw ka-{Kambn \S-∏n-em-°m\pw t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb k¿°m¿ DØ-ch - p-If - n-eqsSbpw Bh-iy-amb \nba-\n¿am-Wßfn-eq-sSbpw \nb-asØ i‡-amb Hcp kmaq-ly-t£-a-]-≤-Xnbm°n am‰m≥ Ign-bpw. {]mb-amb AKXn-Iƒ sXcp-hn¬ acn°p∂Xpw ]pgp Acn-°p-∂Xpw, Bﬂ-lXy sNøp∂Xpw, B{I-an-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - pw, s]mXpC-S-ß-fn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw C∂v h¿Ø-am-\-]-{X-ß-fnse km[mcW hm¿Ø-bm-Wv. C\nbpw Cu taJebv°v th≠{X {i≤bpw ]cn-K-W\bpw \evIp-∂n√ F¶n¬ CXv hm¿ØIƒ t]mep-a-√m-Xm-Ipw. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ Ct∏mƒ D≠m- b n- ´ p≈ Cu \nbaw IqSp-X¬ {]N-cn-∏n-t°-≠Xpw \∂mbn \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ {ian-t°≠Xpw Hcp kmaq- l y- DØ- c - h m- Z nØamWv.

STATEMENT ABOUT OWNERSHIP AND OTHER PARTICULARS OF THE SASTHRAGATHI MONTHLY (MALAYALAM) Form IV 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Place of Publication Periodicity of Publication Printer’s Name Nationality Address Publisher’s Name Editor’s Name Nationality Address Name & Address of individuals who own the Newspaper or share holders holding more than 1% of the total capital

: : : : : : : : : :

Kozhikode Monthly T.P. Sreesankar Indian Parishad Bhavan, Kozhikode - 673002 T.P. Sreesankar R.V.G. Menon Indian Parishad Bhavan, Kozhikode-673002 Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad, Kozhikode - 673002

I, V.Vinod hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. Kozhikode 15/02/2012

Sd/T.P. Sreesankar am¿®v 2012

imkv{Xw tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

bqtdm∏nse a[yImeL´w

tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\ms‚ "imkv{X-km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS Ncn{Xw' F∂ ]pkvXIØnse Ggmw A[ym-bØns‚ XpS¿® ]pXnb XpS°w bqtdm]y≥ Ncn{XsØ∏‰nbp≈ ]cºcmKX hymJym\w tdmam \KcØns‚ ]X\tØmsS KXIme {]uVn F√mw AkvXan®p F∂pw ]ns∂ ]Xn\memw \q‰m≠nse \thm∞m\w hscbpw Hcp Ccp≠ ImeL´w Bbncp∂p F∂pamWv. F∂m¬ CXv ]q¿Wambpw icnb√. s]mXpth kzX{¥ Nn¥sb \ncp’mls∏SpØp∂, A\pkcWsbbpw Bibßsf tNmZyw sNømsX kzoIcn°p∂Xns\bpw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂, thdn´p≈ Nn¥Isf ASn®a¿Øp∂, imkv{X-KXn

PohnXØns‚ kIe taJeIsfbpw kwLSnX aXw IogS°p∂, A¥co£w BWv- bqtdm∏n¬ D≠mbncp∂sX-¶nepw kzX{¥ Nn¥bpsS kv^pcWßƒ AhnShnsS \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Nne \S]SnIƒ aX {]NmcW-Øn\v Bbn´mWv Dt±in®sX¶nepw AhbpsS A{]Xo£nX A\¥c^eßƒ aXØns‚ tIm´Isf Xs∂ ]n∂oSv Zp¿_es∏SpØp∂Xpw ImWmw. CØcw BLmXßƒ {ItaW Cu´w IqSn hcp∂Xpw HSphn¬ XS™p \n¿Øm≥ hømØ Hcp alm{]hmlw Bbn amdp∂Xpw Ncn{Xw

NnIbptºmƒ \ap°v Xncn®dnbmw. AØcw Nne Zr„m¥ßƒ BWvChnsS {]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv. F´mw \q‰m≠n¬ hnip≤ tdmam km{amPyØns‚ N{Ih¿Ønbm-bnØo¿∂ Nm¿fnsabn≥ (alm\mb Nmƒkv) hn⁄m\Øns‚ {]m[m\yw a\ nem°n. {In. ]n. 787 -¬ At±lw cmPysØ F√m k\ymkn aTßfpw Hmtcm ]≈n°qSw XpSßWw F∂vB⁄m]n®p. ]Ømw \q‰m≠n¬ Ing°≥ tdmam km{amPyØns‚ N{Ih¿Ønam¿ Bbncp∂ entbm Bdma\pw tIm¨Ãss‚≥ Fgma\pw

tPymXn»mkv { XØn¬ XmXv ] cyw ImWn®p. ]t£ CØcw kwKXnIƒ H∂pw Xmsg Xńep≈ FgpØpw hmb\bpw Adnbmhp∂h-cntebv°pt]mepw FØnbn√. hn⁄m\Øns‚ cmPIob c£m[n-ImcnIfn¬ G‰hpw h¿Wm`bm¿∂ hy‡nXzw kzbw Hcp imkv{X⁄≥ IqSn Bbncp∂ hnip≤ tdmam km{amPy N{Ih¿Øn s{ÛdnIv c≠ma≥ (1194- ˛ 1250) Bbncp∂p. ]fin- X \pw Ihnbpw cmPyX{¥⁄\pw tbm≤mhpw imkv{X⁄\pw Bbncp∂ At±lsØ `qtemI hnkv a bw (Stupor Mundi) F∂mWv Nne¿ hntijn∏n®n´p≈Xv. tPymXn»mkv{XØn¬ \njvWmX\mbncp∂ At±lØns‚ k`bn¬ ]e tPymXn»mkv{X ]finX∑mcpw ]Xnhmbn FØnbncp∂p. At±lw blqZ ]finXsc hcpØn {Ko°v, Ad_n `mjIfn¬ \n∂v- {KŸßƒ t\cn´p eØo\nte°v X¿Pa sNøn®p. bp‡n°v \nc°mØ ]e BNmcßfpw \ntcm[n®p. DZmlcWambn kXyw sXfnbn°m≥ A¶w \SØp∂Xv At±lw \n¿Øem°n. kXyw BcpsS `mKØmbmepw Ignhv IqSnb t]mcmfn As√ hnPbn°q? sshZy∑m¿ kzbw acp∂v D≠m°ns°mSp°p∂Xv icnbs√∂pw AXv hymPsshZy∑mcpsS NqjW-Øn\v hgnsXfn°pw F∂v- At±lw Xocpam\n®p. Aßs\ ^m¿aknÃv F∂ Hcp ]pXnb s{]m^j≥ D≠mbn. [10]

At±lw kwLSn∏n® Hcp KWnX Sq¿W-sa‚ v hfsc {]kn≤amWv. hfsc ITn\amb Hcp tNmZy t]∏¿ F√mh¿°pw hnXcWw sNbvXp. AXn¬ Hcp tNmZyw x, x 2+5,x2-5 F∂nhsb√mw ]q¿Wh¿Kßƒ (squares) Bb kwJy Is≠ØpI F∂Xmbncp∂p. ]nkbnse entbm\m¿tUmbv ° v am{Xta Cu tNmZyßƒ°v DØcw Is≠Øm≥ Ign™p≈pht{X. bqtdm∏nse k¿hIemimeIƒ \nehn¬ hcp∂ Imew Bbncp∂p AXv. G‰hpw BZytØXv ]mcnkn¬ Bbncp∂p (1200). XpS¿∂v HmIvkvt^m¿Upw (1214) tIw{_nPpw (1231). s{^UdnIv kzbw cs≠Æw ÿm]n®p : ]mZphbpw (1222) t\∏nƒkpw (1224).

hnip≤ tdmam km{amPy N{Ih¿Øn s{ÛdnIv c≠ma≥ (1194-˛1250) Bbncp∂p. ]fin-X\pw Ihnbpw cmPyX{¥⁄\pw tbm≤mhpw imkv{X⁄\pw Bbncp∂ At±lsØ `qtemI hnkvabw F∂mWv Nne¿ hntijn∏n®n´p≈Xv. tPymXn-»mkv{XØn¬ \njvWmX\mbncp∂ At±lØns‚ k`bn¬ ]e tPymXn-»mkv{X hn⁄m\hpw k\ymkn ]finX∑mcpw ]Xnhmbn aTßfpw FØnbncp∂p. At±lw {^m≥knkvI≥, sUman\n°≥ F∂o k\ymkn aTßfpw C°meblqZ ]fin-Xsc ØmWv ÿm]nXambXv (1209 epw 1215 hcpØn {Ko°v, Ad_n epw). c≠pw aX{]NcWm¿∞w BWv`mjI-fn¬ \n∂vBcw`n®Xv F¶nepw \mSp apgph≥ {KŸßƒ t\cn´p A‘hnizmkßfpw A\mNmcßfpw eØo\n-te°v X¿Pa sIm≠v IepjamIbm¬ ê{]Zamb sNøn®p. bp‡n°v \nc- s]mXp hnZym`ymkw IqSmsX P\ßsf aXt_m[w D≈hcm°m≥ °mØ ]e ]‰n√ F∂v- Ah¿ I≠p. Aßs\ BNmcßfpw Ah¿ P\ßsf hnZym`ymkw sNøn\ntcm[n®p. °p-∂Xn¬ apgpIn. AXns‚ `mKambn Ah¿ ]pXpXmbn XpSßnb k¿h-I-

am¿®v 2012

emimeIfn¬ Ibdn∏‰n. kzm`m-hnIambpw Ah¿ AhnsS A[nImcw ÿm]n®p. AtXkabw AhcpsS bmYm- ÿ nXnIXzhpw aX]camb AklnjvWpXbpw AhnSsØ A¥co£sØ k¶pNnXam°n. AXv ]n∂oSv C≥Iznknj\nte°pw \bn®p F∂Xv Ncn{Xw. F∂ncp∂mepw Cu k\ymkn kaqlßƒ imkv{X]T\Øn¬ G¿s∏´p F∂XpXs∂ henb Imcyw Bbncp∂p. AXv imkv{X]T\sØ Hcp AwKoIrX k]cybm°n- Ø o¿Øp. Ahcn¬ \n∂mWv ASpØ Iptd XeapdIfnse A[ym]Icpw imkv{X⁄cpw D≠mbXv. AXn¬ Xs∂ imkv{X⁄¿ {^m≥knkvI∑mcn¬ \n∂pw XXzNn¥I¿ sUman\n°∑mcn¬ \n∂pw BWv- h∂Xv F∂Xpw IuXpIIcat{X. BZysØ Iqćn¬ G‰hpw {it≤b≥ B[p\nI imkv{XØns‚ am¿Kw shńsØfn°p∂Xn¬ kp{][m\ ]¶phln® Ffnabm¿∂ Hcp k\ymkn Bbncp∂p: tdmP¿ t_°¨. ]t£ tdmP¿ t_°sW∏‰n ]cma¿in°pw ap≥]v t_°sWt∏mep≈h¿°v hgn sXfn® as‰mcp alm {]Xn`sb \ap°v ]cnNbs∏tS≠Xp≠v. Cw•ojv XXzNn¥I\pw ssZh imkv{X⁄\pw imkv{- X IpXpInbpambncp∂ tdm_¿´v - t{Km v s ‰Ãv (Robert Grosseteste, c. 1175-1253) HmIvkv-t^mUns‚ imkv{X Nn¥m-ss]-XrIØn\p Aÿnhmcan´bmƒ F∂v- hnfn°s∏ń´p≠v. At±lw tPymXn»mkv{Xw, {]Imi imkv{Xw, thentb‰hpw thenbnd°hpw, aghn√v, XpSßnbhsb°pdns®√mw ]T\ßƒ FgpXnbn´ps≠¶nepw B[p\nI imkv{XØns‚ coXn imkv{Xw cq]s∏SpØp∂Xnse At±lØns‚ kw`mh\ BWv- G‰hpw {][m\w F∂vIcpXs∏Sp∂Xv. \nco£Wßfn¬ \n∂p≈ kmam\yhXvIcWw, AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ km¿heu-InI \nbaßƒ D≠m°pI, F∂n´v AXns\ Bkv ] Zam°n {]hN\w \SØpI; Ahkm\w AXns\ ]co-£W- Ø neqsS ]cntim[n°pI F∂ coXnbmWv At±lw apt∂m´p h®Xv. CXns‚ IqsS, KWnXØns‚ {]m[m\yhpw At±lw Du∂n∏d™p. DZml-cWambn, {]mIminIw tPymsa{Snsb B{ibn®ncn°p∂p. At∏mƒ tPymsa{Sn BWv- ASnÿm\ imkv{Xw. F√m imkv{Xßfpw KWnXsØ B{ibn®mWv Ccn°p∂Xv F∂v- At±lw Nq≠n°mń. t{Kmkvs‰Ãv {]mIminimkv{X-KXn

B¬s°anbnepw amPn°nepw D≈ ]co£Wßƒ°v {]m[m\yw sImSpØ At±lØns\ A¤pXß-fpsS Kpcp\mY≥ F∂mWv hnZym¿YnIƒ hntijn∏n®ncp∂Xv. t_°¨ {]mIminIØn¬ t{Kmkvs‰Ãv \SØnb ]T\ßƒ apt∂m´p sIm≠pt]mIpIbpw B taJebn¬ Ad_nIƒ sNbvX ]co-£-Wßƒ ]Tn°pIbpw sNbvXp. ]co-£WßfpsS tcJIƒ Xbmdm°p∂Xnepw coXnimkv{XØnepw At±-lØns‚ kw`mh\Iƒ hneaXn°s∏Sp∂p.

IØn¬ sXfn® hgnsb BWv- tdmP¿ t_°¨ apt∂m´p t]mbXv. tdmP¿ t_°¨ (c. 1214 - 94) P\n®Xv- Cw•≠nse tkma¿sk‰n¬ Bbncp∂p. HmIvkvt^mUnepw XpS¿∂v ]mcoknepw ]Tn®p. ]n∂oSv HmIvkvt^mUn¬ tN¿∂ At±lw anI® A≤ym]I≥ Bbn t]scSpØp. B¬s°anbnepw amPn°nepw D≈ ]co£Wßƒ°v {]m[m\yw sImSpØ At±lØns\ A¤pXßfpsS Kpcp\mY≥ (Doctor Mirabilis) F∂mWv hnZym¿YnIƒ hntijn∏n®ncp∂Xv. t_°¨ {]mIminIØn¬ t{Kmkv s ‰Ãv \SØnb ]T\ßƒ apt∂m´p sIm≠pt]mIpIbpw B taJebn¬ Ad_nIƒ sNbvX ]co£-Wßƒ ]Tn°pIbpw sNbvXp. ]co-£WßfpsS tcJIƒ Xbmdm°p∂Xnepw coXnimkv{XØnepw At±lØns‚ kw`mh\Iƒ hneaXn°s∏Sp∂p. 1257 t\mSSpØv At±lØn\v B[ymﬂnI Imcyßfn¬ XmXv]cyw h¿≤n°pIbpw Hcp {^m≥knkvI≥ k\ymkn BIpIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£ AtXmsS At±lØns‚ imkv{X ]co£Wßƒ°v XSkw t\cn´p. ]Tn∏n°mt\m ]T\ ^eßƒ {]kn≤oIcn°mt\m A\phmZw \ntj[n°s∏´p. F∂m¬ At±lØns‚ kplrØpw A`ypZbImw£nbpw Bb s¢sa‚ v

\mema≥ am¿]m∏ BbtXmsS t_°¨ {]Xo£ DW¿∂p. t]m∏ns‚ t\cn´p≈ CSs]SeneqsS t_°¨ ]T\êßƒ {]kn≤oIcn°m≥ A\paXn Inń. At±lØns‚ kamlrX IrXnIƒ H]kv aPpkv F∂ t]cn¬ ]pdØv h∂p. ]t£ 1268 ¬ - s¢sa‚ v am¿]m∏ acn®tXmsS {^m≥knkvI≥ A[nImcnIƒ ho≠pw t_°sW th´bmSnØpSßn. 1278 -¬ At±lsØ ]mcokn¬ h®p hnNmcW sNbvXp, AwKoIrXa√mØ Nn¥Iƒ h®p ]pe¿Øp∂Xn¬ Ip‰°mc≥ F∂v- Is≠Øn; tijw PohnXImew ho´p XS¶en¬ B°pIbpw sNbvXp. se≥kpIfpsS ImcyØn¬ A¬ sslXmans‚ ]co£Wßƒ t_°¨ Adn™ncp∂p F¶nepw At±lw kz¥ambn ]e ]co£-Wßfpw \SØn. aq°p IÆS I≠p]nSn®Xv At±lw BsW∂v Hcp ImeØv IcpXs∏ńcps∂¶nepw AXns‚ {]mIrX cq]ßƒ Ad_nIƒ°v Adnbpambncp∂p F∂v- C∂v AwKoIcn°s∏ń´p≠v. se≥kpIfpsS kwLmXw F∂ Bibw AhXcn- ∏ n®Xv At±lamWv. CXmWt√m ]n∂oSv ZqcZ¿in\nbnte°pw kq£va Z¿in\nbnte°pw hf¿∂v hnIkn®Xv. shSnacp∂ns\°pdn®pw At±lw ]T\ßƒ \SØnbXmbn ImWp∂p. b{¥ßfm¬ Nen∏n°s∏Sp∂ hml\ßƒ, I∏epIƒ, ]d°pw hnam\ßƒ XpSßn kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS `mhn km[yXIsf∏‰n {]hN\ kz`mhap≈ ]e \nco£Wßfpw At±lw \SØpIbp≠mbn. ]e Imcy-ßfnepw ImeØn\p ap≥t] \S∂ a\pjy≥ F∂ Hcp ]cnthjw At±lØn\p≠v. ]co£WßfpsS ImcyØn¬ A{KKmanIfn¬ HcmfmWv F∂Xn¬ kwibhpan√. GsX-¶nepw {]tXyI I≠p]nSnØØns‚ t]cn¬ A√msX, s]mXpth imkv{XØns‚ coXn B[p\nIhXvIcn°p∂Xnep≈ At±lØns‚ kw`mh\bpsS t]cn¬ BWv- At±lw kvacn°s∏SpI. B[nImcnI {KŸßfpsSbpw {]mamWnI∑mcpsS hN\ßfpsSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬ ùXnI {]iv\ßƒ Xocpam\n°p∂hsc At±lw FXn¿Øp. bYm¿∞ hn⁄m\ Zmln \nco£W -]co£WßfneqsS BWv- kXyw Is≠tØ≠Xv- F∂t±lw \n¿tZin®p. Cu A`n{]mbßƒ BWv At±lsØ Ipg∏Øn¬ NmSn®Xpw! F∂m¬ t_°¨ Hcp hnπhImcnsbm {]t£mÌmcntbm Bbncp-

∂n√. imkv{XØns‚ At\zjWßƒ HSphn¬ hnip≤ thZ]pkvXIØnse hn⁄m\Øn¬ Xs∂ \sΩ sIm≠p sNs∂Øn°pw F∂ ImcyØn¬ At±lØn\v kwibw C√mbncp∂p. Cu Dd∏v- skbn‚ v tXmakvAIzn\mkv XpSßnbh¿ apt∂m´p h® kvsImfmÃnIv XXzNn¥bpsSbpw apJap{Z Bbncp∂p. .................................................................................................. Kn∫¨ Aßs\ ]dbm≥ ImcWw B h¿jw tdma≥ tk\bnse sP¿am\nIv hwiPcpsS t\Xmhmb HtSmk¿ A∂sØ tdma≥ N{Ih¿Øn Bb tdmapekv AKkvXpekns\ ÿm\{`„\m°n A[nImcw ]nSns®SpØp F∂XmWv. ]t£ AXn\v hfsc ap≥]pXs∂ tdmam km{amPyw XI¿®bn¬ Bbncp∂p F∂mWv ]e Ncn{XImc∑mcpw hmZn°p∂Xv. ss_km‚nbw tI{μam°n Ing°≥ tdmam km{amPyw ÿm]n°s∏´t∏mƒ Xs∂ tdmans‚ {]`mhw aßnt∏mbncp∂p. {In. ]n. \memw \q‰m≠p apX¬ XpSßnb tKmØpIƒ, hnkntKmØpIƒ, lqW∑m¿ apXemb tKm{XßfpsS B{IaWw, kmºØnI {]iv\ßƒ, bp≤Øn\p t]mepw Iqen∏SbmfnIsf B{ibnt°-≠nh∂Xv Cßs\ ]e ImcWßfpw AXn\p]n∂n¬ D≠mbncp∂p F∂v - s]mXpth AwKoIcn°- s ∏ń´p≠v. [2] t]K≥ (pagan) F∂ ]Zw sIm≠mWv s]mXpth CXns\ hntijn∏n-°mdp≈Xv. [3] 428 apX¬ 431 hsc sIm≥Ãm‚nt\m∏nfnse ]m{Xnbm¿°okv Bbncp∂ s\kvsdmcnbqkns‚ A\pbmbn-Isf BWv- s\kvtXmcnb∑m¿ F∂v- hnfn°p∂Xv-. 431 -¬ \S∂ Fô-kknse H∂mw Iu¨kn¬ Chsc aXhncp≤cmbn {]Jym]n®p. [4] A¬ Inanb F∂ Ad_n hm°n¬ \n∂mWv bqtdm∏n¬ B¬s°an F∂ hm°v D≠mbXv. [5] A¬tlks\∏‰n ckIcamb Hcp IYbp≠v. Xs‚ KmVamb KWnX ]mWv U nXyØns‚ {]tbmK]cXsb-∏‰n AXn¿ IS∂ Bflhnizmkap≠mbncp∂ At±lw CuPn]v Xnse ss\¬ \Znbnse sh≈s∏m°w \nb{¥n°m≥ AXpsIm≠v km[n°pw F∂v- hoºnf°nbt{X. F∂mesXm∂p sNbvXp ImWn°q F∂mbn Jeo^ A¬ l°nw. {]tbm-KØn\p≈ {iaw XpSßnbt∏m-gmWv kwKXn A{X Ffp∏a√ F∂v- A¬tlk\v t_m[yw h∂Xv. D≠mtb°mhp∂ h[in£bn¬ \n∂v - c£s∏Sm\mbn At±lw {`m¥v A`n\bn®p. Aßs\ in£ ho´p XS-¶¬ Bbn amdn. GXmbmepw AtXmsS At±lw F≥Pn\o-b-

dnwKv AhImihmZsams° \n¿Øn ip≤ imkv{X KthjWØn¬ apgpIn in„ PohnXw \bn®pht{X. [6]

George Gheevarghese Joseph, “The Crest of the Peacock”, 2000. p. 306

[7 ] Omar Khayyam (1048 - 1131 )

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]cs° Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv A\izc\mb Ihn F∂ \nebn¬ BsW¶nepw At±lw anIhp‰ Hcp KWnX- ⁄ \pw tPymXn»mkv{X⁄\pw IqSn Bbncp∂p. Ivkphm≥tZ N{Ih¿ØnbpsS 1430 se Hcp hnfw_cw C{]Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ""(\ΩpsS) kº¬kar≤nsb°pdn®v- kap{Zßƒ°∏pdap≈ hnZqcÿamb cmPyßƒ Ct∏mgpw tIńń√. AXv ]cnlcn°m\mbn henbImcy°mcmb sNMvKv tlm, hmMvKv PnwKv tlm\vKv XpSßnb-hsc th≠ k∂mlßtfmsS Ah- s csb√mw t_m[ys∏SpØn hnt[bXzØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂Xn\p-th≠n Ab®p.'' Cu _rlØmb \mhnIhyqlw Atd_ybn¬ am{Xa√ ss\¬ I\meneqsS a[y[cWym-gnbn¬ {]thin®p C‰enbnse XpdapJ-ßfnepw FØnbXmbn hnizkn°-s∏Sp∂p. Hcp]s£ At±lw G‰hpw Hm¿an°s∏SpI At±lØns‚ t]cn¬ Adn-bs∏Sp∂ kp{]kn≤ t{iWnbpsS (^n-s_m-Wm®n kocokv) {k„m-hv F∂ \nebn¬ Bbn-cn°pw. Hmtcm A°hpw AXn\v ap≥]p≈ c≠v A°ßfpsS XpI Bbncn°pw F∂XmWv AXns‚ {]tXyIX. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, ... F∂nßs\. {]IrXnbn¬ ]ehn[ {]k‡nbpap≈ Cu t{iWnbpsS ]cºc \ofptºmƒ ASpØSpØv hcp∂ c≠v kwJyIƒ XΩnep≈ A\p]mXw 1 : 1.618... F∂ kph¿W A\p]mXtØmSv kao]n°pw F∂Xv CXns‚ as‰mcp khntijXbt{X. ]t£ At±lØns‚ Nne "imkv{Xo-b' ]co£Wßƒ òIchpw \m’n-Isf Hm¿an∏n°p∂Xpw Bbncp∂p. c≠v XShpIm¿°v hb¿ \ndsb Blmcw sImSpØn´v Hcmsf th´bmSm\pw A]cs\ Ddßm\pw hnSpI, F∂n´v c≠v t]scbpw Iodnapdn®v AhcpsS Zl\ {]{Inbbn¬ D≠mb hyXymkw ]Tn°pI; as‰mcp XShpImcs\ hmbp IS°mØ s]ńbnen´p ]qń Nmhptºmƒ Bflmhv Fßs\bmWv ]pdØpt]m- I p∂Xv F∂v- \nco£n°pI; Bcpambpw h¿Øam\w ]dbm≥ A\phZn°msX IpńIsf hf¿Øn AXv AhcpsS `mjmtijnsb Fßs\ _m[n-°pw F∂v- ]Tn°pI ... Cßs\ t]mbn At±lØns‚ "imkv{Xob' ]T\ßƒ!

am¿®v 2012

ÿnXn-hn-hcw kpIpam-c≥ C.sI.

B[m¿ \º¿ e`n-°p-∂-XpsIm≠v ]uc-Xz-Ønt\m Xma-k-°m-cs\∂ Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m D≈ tcJ-b-s√∂v IcSv _n√n¬ ]d-bp-tºmgpw ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ kmº-ØnIImcy- k-anXn A°-an´v D∂-bn-®n-´p≈ hna¿i-\-ß-tfmSv {Inbm-ﬂ-Iambn {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v B[m-dn\v ]pXnb cq]w \¬Ip-∂-Xnt\m/ Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xnt\m k¿°m¿ Xbm-dm-Ip-tam-sb∂v ImØn-cp∂v ImWmw

B[m¿: hkvXp-X-Iƒ

hna¿i-\-ßƒ Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ Bkq-{X-WØ - n\pw hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-WØn\pw ÿnXnhnhc IW- ° p- I ƒ \n¿Wm-bI - a - mb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy-˛{- ]-IrXn hn`-hß - f - psS hnh-cßƒ tiJ-cn®v kq£n-°p-∂X - p-Xs∂ cmPy-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb hf¿®bv°pw hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn°p-∂X - n\p th≠n-bm-W.v 1881 apX-emWv C¥y-bn¬ sk≥kkv {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂X - v. cmPysØ ]uc-∑msc kw_-‘n-°p∂ s]mXp hnh-c-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ IW-s°-Sp∏v Hmtcm ]Øp h¿j-Ønepw \S∂p hcp-∂p. CX-\p-kc - n®v tZiob P\-kwJym cPnÃ¿ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p. kv{Xo˛]pcpj A\p]mXw, hf¿®m- \ n- c °v , km£- c X XpSßn cmPy-Øns‚ Bkq-{XW {]{Inbbv°v klm-b-I-c-am-Ip∂ hnh-c-ßfmWv tZiob P\-kwJy cPn-Ã-dn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈X - .v Hcp ]t£ temIimkv{X-KXn

Øn¬ CXp-hsc \S-∂n-´p≈ G‰hpw _rl-Ømb sk≥kkv {]h¿Ø-\a - mbn-cp∂p IS∂p t]mb-Xv. CØ-cØ - n¬ hn]p-ea - mb coXn-bn¬ \S∂p h∂ Hcp hnh-ct- i-Jc - W {]{Inb-°n-S-bn-emWv tI{μ-k¿°m¿ Hcp ]pXnb ]≤Xn ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ ]cn-KW-\b - v°mbn ka¿∏n-®X - v. 2010 Unkw_¿ 3˛mw XobXn cmPy-k`- b - n¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n® _n¬ A\p-kc - n®v \mj-W¬ sFU‚n-^n-t°-j≥ AtXm-dn‰n Hm^v C¥y ÿm]n-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂X - mbn ]d-bp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬ (P-Ωp-Im-ia v o¿ HgnsI) Xma- k n- ° p∂ F√m hy‡nIƒ°pw Hcp Xncn- ® - d n- b ¬ \º¿ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw AXn-eqsS Hmtcm-cpØ¿°pw e`y-am-tI≠ B\p-Iq-eyßfpw tkh-\-ßfpw IrXy-ambn e`n°p-∂p-s≠∂v Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øp-Ib - p-amWv AtXm-dn‰n cq]o-Ic - W - Ø - ns‚ e£yambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v. \mj-

W¬ sFU‚n-^n-t°-j≥ AtXm-dn‰n Hm^v C¥y BIvSv 2010 (National Identification Authority of India, Act 2010)

F∂m°n CXns‚ t]cv. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS P\-kw-Jym-]c - hpw ssPh-im-k{v X-]c - h - p-amb LS-Iß - f - mWv CXn-\mbn tiJ-cn-°p-∂X - v. Hcp hy‡nbpsS Hcp sk‰v ssPh-LS- I - ß - f - mWv Xncn-®-dn-b¬ \ºdn(B-[m¿ \º¿) \mbn ka¿∏n-t°-≠X - v. h¿Ww, aXw, PmXn, h¿Kw, hwiw, `mj, hcp-am-\w, Btcm- K y- h n- h - c - ß ƒ XpS- ß n- b h \¬tI-≠X - n-√. P\-kwJy ssPh-LS- I - ß - ƒ \n›bn-°p-I, ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I, hnh-cß - ƒ tiJ- c n- ° p- I , tZiob Xe- Ø n¬ hnhctiJ-cW Iehd ÿm]n-°p-I, GsXms° Bhiyßƒ°mWv B[m¿ \º¿ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-sX∂v Xocp-am-\n-°pI XpS-ßn-bh AtXm-dn-‰nbpsS Npa-Xe - I - f - m-W.v AtXm-dn-‰n°v Hcp

sNb¿am\pw c≠v ]m¿´vssSw AwK-ßfp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. aq∂p h¿j-tØ°v \nb-an-°s - ∏-Sp∂ AwK-ßf - psS ]c-amh[n {]mbw 65 Bbn-cn-°pw. Ch IqSmsX B[m¿ \º-dns‚ D]tbm-Khpw hn]p-eo-I-c-Whpw kw_‘n®v dnt∏m¿´v Xbm-dm-°p-∂X - n\v aq∂p t]c-Sß - p∂ sFU‚n‰n dnhyq IΩn-‰n (Identity Review Committee) bpw D≠mbn-cn-°pw. {]kvXpX IΩn‰n AwK-ßfpsS \nb-a-\-Øn\pw {]tXy-I-ambn \n_-‘-\-I-fp-≠v. Hmtcm h¿jhpw tI{μ-k¿°m-cn\v dnt∏m¿´v \¬Ip-∂Xv dnhyq IΩn-‰n-bm-Wv. tiJ-cn-°s - ∏´ hnh-cß - ƒ kq£n°p- ∂ - X n\pw kwc- £ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw tI{μ hnh-ct- i-Jc - W Ie-hd (Central Identities Data Repository) ÿm]n-t°-≠Xm-Wv. Bkq-{XW IΩo-js‚ Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ AtXm-dn‰n 2009 P\phcn 29 se Hcp FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv DØchv hgn-bmWv \ne-hn¬h∂-Xv. tI{μ- k ¿°m- c ns‚ \mj- W ¬ sFU‚n-^n-t°-j≥ AtXm-dn‰n Hm^v C¥y _n¬ 2010 s\Xnsc ]m¿esa‚ns‚ kmº-ØnI Imcy-ßƒ°mbp≈ kanXn ISpØ hna¿i-\a - mWv Db¿Øn-bn-´p-≈X - v. 2010 sk]vXw-_¿ apX¬ cmPyØv apgp-h≥ \S-∏m-°n-s°m≠n-cn-°p∂ B[m¿ ]≤Xn ]m¿esa‚ns‚ AwKo-Im-ca- n-√m-sX-bmWv \S-∂ph-cp-∂X - .v {][m-\a - mbpw A©v Imcy-ßfn-emWv kanXn hna¿i-\a - p-∂b - n-®n-´p-≈Xv. H∂m-aX - mbn ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ A\p-aXn-bn-√m-sX-bmWv ]≤Xn Bcw-`n-®n-´p-≈Xv. \nb-a\ - n¿am-Whpw \n¿h-lW - m-[nIm-chpw Hcp-an-®p-t]m-Ip∂ {]{In-bb - msW∂pw k¿°m-cns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ sX‰n-s√∂pw k¿°m¿ ho≠pw ho≠pw BW-bn-Sp-tºmgpw \nba \n¿am-Whpw \n¿h-lW - m-[n-Im-chpw tXm∂n-bt- ∏mse D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈X - s - √∂pw `c-WL - S\m Ah- I m- i hpw kwc- £ - W hpw \ntj-[n-°∏ - S- p-tºmƒ \n¿h-lW - m-[nImcw \nb-aß - ƒ°-IØ - mWv ]cn-an-Xs∏-Sp-∂s - X∂pw kanXn \nco-£n-°p-∂p. c≠m-asØ {]iv\w t]cv tN¿°p∂ {]{Inb ]n≥Xp-Sc - p∂ B[m¿ \º-dpI-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv. ]nSn-°n-´m-ØXpw hy‡-Xb - n-√m-ØXpw Dt±-iy-ip-≤n-bn-√mØ-Xp-sa-∂mWo \º-cp-Isf kanXn A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´X - .v Kpcp-Xc - a - mb kpc-£m{]-iv\-ßfpw CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≈Xmbn B`y-¥c - h - I - p∏v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂p. IrXy-amb tcJ-If - n-√msX \¬Is∏-Sp∂ B[m¿ \º-dp-Iƒ cmPy kpc£bv°v `oj-Wn-bm-tb-°p-sa∂ Bi¶bpw B`y-¥c - - a-{¥m-ebw ]¶p-hb - ° v p∂p-≠.v

aq∂m-a-Xmbn tZiob hnh-c-kw-c£W \nb-a\ - n¿amWw \S-ØmsX [rXn∏n-Sn®v \S-∏m-°p∂ ]≤Xn hy‡n-IfpsS hnh-c-ßƒ h¿j-ß-tfmfw kq£n®p hbvt°-≠X - m-sW∂ hkvXpX k¿°m¿ ad-∂p t- ]m-Ip∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂p. tiJ-cn-°s - ∏´ hnh-cß - f - n¬ IS∂p-I-b-dp-∂Xpw Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp∂Xpw XS-bp-∂X - n\v {]tXy-I\ - n-baw Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw kanXn Nq≠n-°mWn-°p-∂p.

ssPh-L-S-I-ßsf tI{μo-I-cn-®p≈ Cu ]≤Xn kmt¶-XnI hnZybn-ep≈ A‘-amb hnizm-khpw Aÿn-c-Xbnepw sXfn-bn-°-s∏-SmØ-Xp-amb [mc-W-I-fn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-sW-∂pap≈ hna¿i-\hpw kanXn apt∂m´v hbv°p∂p. _tbm sa{SnIv Ãm≥tU¿Uv IΩn‰n X≈n-°-f™ sX‰v IqSpX-em-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-Ifp≈ hnc-e-S-bmf kqN-Ißƒ CXn-\mbn D]-tbmKn-°p-∂Xv Aimkv{Xobam-bmWv F∂ hna¿i\hpw CXn-t\mSv tN¿Øv hmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

\mem-aX - mbn òa-amb sNe-hp-≠m°p∂ Hcp ]≤Xn \S- ∏ m- ° p- ∂ Xn\papºv Hcp-Xc - Ø - n-ep≈ km[y-Xm]-T\ - hpw \S-Øn-bn-ń-√sb∂p≈Xm-W.v B[m¿ ]≤-Xn°v kam-\a - mb Hcp ]≤Xnbpw CXp-hsc D≠m-bn-ń-√-sb-∂XmWv k¿°m-cns‚ hni-Zo-Ic - W - w. Cw•≠p-t]m-ep≈ Hcp cmPyw X≈n-°f - ™ kam-\a - mb ]≤Xn C¥ybv°v ]mT-amtI-≠X - m-Wv. hnI-knX cmPy-hp-ambn kmay- s ∏- S p- Ø m- h p∂ ]≤- X n- b √ CsX∂v k¿°m¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. tImSn°W-°n\v cq] sNehv hcp∂ Hcp ]≤Xn-bm-Wn-X.v H∂pw c≠pw L´-ßf - n-embn ]Øv tImSn-bm-fp-Iƒ B[m-dn¬ tN¿°s∏-´-Xmbn IW-°m-°p-∂p. samØw A\p-hZ- n-°s - ∏´ XpI 3, 170 tImSn-bmWv. aq∂mw L´-Øn¬ ]Øv tImSn t]¿IqSn tNcp-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. 8,861 tImSn-bmWv A\p-hZ- n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v Cßs\-sb-¶n¬ 120 tImSn Xma-k° - msc B[m-dn¬ s]Sp-Øp-tºm-tg°pw F{X sNehv hcpw? (72,000 tImSn GI-tZi IW-°)v . A©m-a-Xmbn ssPh-L-S-I-ßsf tI{μo-Ic - n-®p≈ Cu ]≤Xn kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bn-ep≈ A‘-amb hnizm-khpw Aÿn-cX - b - nepw sXfn-bn-°s - ∏-Sm-ØX - pamb [mc-WI - f - n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bX - msW- ∂ p- a p≈ hna¿i- \ hpw kanXn apt∂m´v hbv°p-∂p. _tbm sa{SnIv Ãm≥tU¿Uv IΩn‰n (Biometric Standard Committee) X≈n-°f - ™ sX‰v IqSp-Xem-hm-\p≈ km[y-XI - f - p≈ hnc-eS- b - mf kqN-Iß - ƒ CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xv Aimkv { Xobam- b mWv F∂ hna¿i-\hpw CXn-t\mSv tN¿Øv hmbnt°-≠X - m-W.v Ht´sd hna¿i-\ß - ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂psh-¶nepw 2010 sk]vXw-_¿ 29-˛\v almcm-j{v S-bnse sXMven F∂ BZn-hmkn {Kma-Øn¬ B[m¿ ]≤Xn DZvLm-S\w sNø-s∏´p Ign-™p. cmPy-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ßf - nepw B[m¿ \º¿ \¬Ip-∂Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ \S∂p hcnI-bm-W.v Bkq-{XW IΩo-j\pw B`y¥-ch - I - p∏pw XΩn-ep≈ X¿°-ßƒ ]cnl- c n- ® p- s h∂v ]d- b p- ∂ p- s ≠- ¶ nepw bmYm¿∞yw Ct∏mgpw AI-se-bm-Wv. B[m¿ \º¿ e`n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]uc-Xz-Ønt\m Xma-k° - m-cs\∂ AhImiw ÿm]n-°p-∂X - nt\m D≈ tcJb-s√∂v IcSv _n√n¬ ]d-bp-tºmgpw ]m¿e-sa‚ns‚ kmº-ØnIImcy- kanXn A°-an´v D∂-bn-®n-´p≈ hna¿i-\ß-tfmSv {Inbm-flI - a - mbn {]Xn-Ic - n-®psIm≠v B[m-dn\v ]pXnb cq]w \¬Ip∂- X nt\m/Dt]- £ n- ° p- ∂ - X nt\m k¿°m¿ Xbm-dm-Ip-tam-sb∂v ImØncp∂v ImWmw. am¿®v 2012

F≥.-F-kv. Acp¨Ip-am¿

P\p-hcn 1 temI-{]-ikvX C¥y≥ KWn-Xi - mkv{X-⁄-\mb {io\n-hmk cmam-\pPs‚ 125-˛mw P∑-hm¿jn-Ia - mb 2012-˛s\ C¥ym-K-h-s◊‚ v "tZiob KWn-X-imkv { X- h ¿jw' (National Mathematical Year) Bbn BN-cn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®Xns‚ ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬, cmam-\p-Ps‚ Poh-Nc - n{Xw {]ta-ba - m-°n-s°m≠v Hcp tlmfn-hpUv Nn{Xhpw Hcp-ßp-∂-Xmbn {]Jym-]-\w. “The Man who Knew Infinity” F∂ t]cn¬ tdm_¿´v Im\n-sK¬ (Robert Kanigel) cmam-\p-P-s\-°p-dn®v cNn® Poh-N-cn{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nbmWv Ne-®n{Xw \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

P\p-hcn 2 2009- ˛ se ck- X {¥ t\m_¬ kΩm\w t\Snb C¥y≥ imkv{X⁄≥ sh¶-ć - m-a≥ cma-Ir-jW v \v "k¿' ]Zhn e`n-®p. {_n´-Wnse Fen-k_Øv cm⁄n- b n¬ \n∂pw "ss\‰vlpUv' (Knighthood) t\Sn-bX - n-s\Øp-S¿∂mWv Cu _lp-aX - n. "X∑m-{XmXe Poh-imkv{X' (Molecular Biology) taJ-eb - nse kw`m-h\ - I - sf am\n-®mWv Cu AwKo-Im-cw. 2010-˛¬ ]fl-hn-`q-j¨ \¬In C¥ym- K - h - s ◊‚ v cma- I rjvWs\ BZ-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Xan-gv\m-ńse NnZw-_-c-Øm-bn-cp∂p 1952-˛¬ cma-IrjvWs‚ P\-\w. Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°≥ ]ucXzw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°b - m-Wv.

P\p-hcn 3 `ph-t\-iz-dnse IenwK C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v C≥U-kv{Sn-b¬ sSIvt\m-fPn k¿h-I-em-imem Imº-kn¬ 99-˛m-aXv C¥y≥ kb≥kv tIm¨{K-kn\v XpS°-am-bn. C¥y≥ kb≥kv tIm¨{Kkv Atkm-kn-tb-j\pw \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v kb≥kv FUyq-t°-j≥ B‚ v dnk¿®pw kwbp-‡-am-bmWv imkv{X-tIm¨{Kkv kwL-Sn-∏n-®-Xv.

imkv{X-KXn

""imkv{X ˛ km-t¶-Xn-Ic - w-KsØ ]ptcmK-Xnbpw kv{Xo]-¶m-fnØhpw'' F∂-Xmbn-cp∂p 2012-˛se imkv{X tIm¨{Kkns‚ apJy-{]-ta-bw. 1914-˛¬ XpS-°amb C¥y≥ kb≥kv tIm¨{Kkv Atkm- k n- t b- j s‚ Bÿm\w sIm¬°-Øb - m-W.v

P\p-hcn 4 imkv{X-cw-KsØ hn⁄m-\-hym-]\-an-Ih - n-\mbn bpsW-ktv Imbpw Hdo (H-Uo-j) Kh-s◊‚pw kwbp-‡-ambn G¿s∏- S p- Ø n- b n- ´ p≈ "Ienw- K - ] p- c kvImc' (Kalinga Prize) Øn\v saIvkn°≥ \yqtdm-_-tbm-f-Pn-Ãmb sdt\ duƒ {U°¿ tImfn≥ (Rene Raul Drucker Colin) A¿l-\m-bn. bpsWkvtIm-bpsS Ub-dI - Sv ¿ P\-de - m-bn-cp∂ Cdn\m _t°mh (Irina Bokova) bmWv 1951-˛¬ "Ienw-K- ]p-ck - vIm-c'- Øn\v XpS°-an-´-Xv. c≠p h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°-embmWv "IenwK ]pc-kvImcw' \¬In hcp-∂X - v.

P\p-hcn 5 `qan kqcy-t\mSv ASp-Øp-h∂ Znhk-am-bn-cp∂p C∂v. "s]¿lnentbm¨ tU' (Perhelion Day) F∂p hnfn-°-s∏Sp∂ C∂v `qanbpw kqcy\pw XΩnep≈ AIew 147 Zi-e£w Intem-ao-‰¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. cmhn-se 5.53 \mbncp∂p AIew G‰hpw Ipd-hmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-´X - .v `qan kqcys\ Np‰p∂ ]cn-{I-aW-]-Yw Zo¿Lhr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bnem-bX - n-\m-emWv CXv kw`-hn-°p∂-X.v CXp-t]mse `qan kqcy- \ n¬-

\n∂pw G‰hpw AI- e - Ø n¬ \n¬°p∂ Znh-k-amWv "A]vlo-entbm¨ tU' F√m h¿jhpw Pqssebn-emWv CXp hcp-∂-Xv.

Ipd-bp∂ h\-`qan P\p-hcn 6: C¥y-bnse h\-`q-anbpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bn¬ 2007-˛2009 Imeb-f-hn¬ 367 NXp-c{i Intem-ao-‰-dns‚ Ipd- h p- ≠ m- b - X mbn HutZym- K nI dnt∏m¿´v. t^mdÃv k¿th Hm^v C¥y, tI{μ h\w ˛- ]-cn-ÿnXn a{¥m-e-bØn\v ka¿∏n® dnt∏m¿´n- e mWv ta¬∏- d ™ hnh- c - a p- ≈ - X v . h\- h nkvXrXn G‰hpw Npcp-ßn-bXv aWn-∏qcn-em-Wv -˛ 190 NXp-c{i Intem-ao-‰¿. \mKm-em≥Un\v 146 N.-In.-ao. \jvS-ambn. h\-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬ h¿≤-\-hp-≠m°nb kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ]©m-_mWv ap∂n¬- ˛ 100 N.-In.-ao. lcn-bm-\bpw lnam-N¬ {]tZ-ip-amWv h\-hn-kvXr-Xnbn¬ apt∂-dnb a‰p kwÿm-\-ßƒ.

P\p-hcn 7 C¥ym-Kh - s - ◊‚ v ]pXp-Xmbn cq]oI-cn® "kutcm¿P tIm¿]-tdj' (Solar Energy Corporation of India) s‚ A[y£- \ mbn BW- t hm¿P IΩo- j ≥ AwKw A\n¬ It°mZvI¿ (Anil Kakodkar) \nbanX-\m-bn. "Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp tZiob kutcm¿P anj' (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission JNNSM) s‚

{]h¿Ø-\ßƒ \S-∏n-

em-°p-I-bmWv kutcm¿P tIm¿∏-tdjs‚ tPmen. ]mc-º-tcy-Xc Du¿P-hIp-∏n (New and Renewable Energy Ministry) s‚ Iogn- e mWv "kutcm¿P tIm¿∏-td-j≥' ÿm]n-Xa - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.

P\p-hcn 8 {]ikvX `uXn-Ii - m-k{v X-⁄\ - mb Ão^≥ tlm°n-Mn (Stephen Hawking) s‚ 70-˛mw ]nd-∂m-fm-bn-cp∂p C∂v. tIw{_nUvPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn-s°, 21-˛mw hb- nemWv \mUn-I-tfbpw amwk-t]-in-Isfbpw Xf¿Øp∂ "eu sKlvdnKvkv tcmKw' (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) At±lsØ _m[n-®-Xv. 1988-˛¬ {]kn-≤oIr-X-amb "F {_o^v lnÃdn Hm^v ssSw' (A Brief History of Time) F∂ ]pkvXIw Gsd {]i-kX v a - m-hp-Ib - p-≠mbn. Xtam-K¿Ø (Black Holes) ßsf°p-dn-®p≈ ssk≤m-¥nI hni-I-e-\ß-fmWv tlm°n-Mns‚ G‰hpw {it≤b-amb kw`m-h-\.

P\p-hcn 9 C¥y-bpsS sNmΔmZuXy-Øn-\mbp≈ {]mY-anI \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿ØoI-cn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´v. 2013 \hw_-dn¬ \S-Øm≥ \n›-bn-°-s∏-ń-cn°p∂ hnt£-]Ww hnP-b-I-c-am-bm¬ 2014 sk]v X w- _ - d n¬ C¥y- b psS sNmΔm-t]-SIw sNmΔbv°p Np‰p-ambp≈ {à-W-]-Y-Øn-se-Øpw. sNmΔbpsS {]X-e-Øn-en-d-ßm-sX, {à-W-]Y-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ]T-\-ßƒ \SØp-Ib - mWv e£yw. ]Øv \nco-£W D]-I-c-W-ßƒ CXn-\mbn \n›-bn-°s∏-ń-´p-≠.v \mk-bpsS "am¿kv kb≥kv et_m-d-´dn' Ct∏mƒ Ahn-tS-bv°p≈ bm{X-bn-em-Wv. 2012 HmK-Ãn¬ AhnsS FØp-sa-∂mWv IW-°p-Iq-´s - ∏-Sp-∂X - .v

Paedophryne amanuensis), \s´-√p≈ Pohn-I-fn¬ (Vertebrates) h®v G‰hpw

sNdn-b-Xmbn Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏-´p. eqknbm\ tÃ‰v bqWn- t h- g v k n- ‰ n- b nse imkv{X-⁄-\mb {InÃ-^¿ AÃn≥ (Christopher Austin) BWv CXns\ Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. Ac sk‚o-ao-‰-dnepw Xmsg-bmWv Xh-f-bpsS hen-∏w.

P\p-hcn 12 temI- Ø nse G‰hpw henb ""kuc-Zq-c-Z¿in\n'' C\n C¥ybv°v kz¥w. "\mj-W¬ em¿Pv tkmfm¿ sSen-ktv Im∏v' (National Large Solar Telescope) F∂p t]cn- ´ n- c n- ° p∂ ZqcZ¿in\n eUm-°nse ]mtMmMv skm te°v tac°v (Pangong Tso Lake Merak) taJ- e - b n¬ ÿm]n- ° m- \ mWv Kh-

s◊‚ns‚ Xocp-am-\w. kuc-hm-Xß - ƒ (Solar Winds) aqew `uam-¥-co-£-Ønep-≠m-hp∂ am‰-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-I-bmWv e£yw.

hcp-∂q... "tZio _n.Sn' P\p-hcn 13 "sS¿an-t\-‰¿' Po≥ kmt¶-Xn-Ih - n-ZybpsS Zqjy-^-e-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠p≈ P\n-X-I-˛-]-cpØn (Bt-Cotton) \n¿an-°m-\p≈ Kth-j-W-]-≤-Xn°v C¥y≥ Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿ A{KnIƒN-d¬ dnk¿®v (ICAR) A\p-aXn \¬In. "kq∏¿ _n.-Sn. ]cpØn' (Super Bt-Cotton) F∂m-bn-cn°pw ]pXnb P\n-XI ]cpØn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. "_n°-t\cn \m¿a' (Bikaneri Narma)

P\p-hcn 10 kΩm-\-Øp-I-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb ]pc-kvImc- a mb "C≥t^m- k nkv ss{]kn' (Infosys Prize) \v C\n- ∏ - d - b p- ∂ - h ¿ A¿l-cm-bn. Ieym¨ tambv sU_v (F©n- \ o- b - d nwKv / Iºyq- ´ ¿ kb≥kv ) , C{am≥ kn±nJzn (Po- h - i m- k v { Xw), IÆ≥ kpμ-cc - m-P≥ (K-Wn-Xi - m-k{v Xw), {iodmw cma-kzman (`u-Xn-I-im-kv{Xw), cLpdmw Pn cmP≥ ([-\X - X - z-im-k{v Xw), {]Xm]v _m\p- taØ (cm-jv{S-ao-amw-k) F∂n-h¿°mWv ]pc-kvIm-cw. hni-Zh - nh- c - ß ƒ°v www.infosys-sciencefoundation.com

P\p-hcn 11 ]m∏ph \yq Kn\n--bn¬ ImW-s∏Sp∂ Hcn\w Xhf (im-kv{Xo-b-\maw:

am¿®v 2012

F∂ t]cn¬, Xt±-io-b-ambn hnI-kn∏n- ° - s ∏´ _n.- S n. ]cp- Ø n, tam¨kmt‚m Iº-\n-bpsS kz¥-amb ‘Mon-531’ F∂ Po\ns\ Dƒs°m≈p∂p F∂ ]cmXn \ne-\n¬°-thbmWv ]pXnb ]≤-Xn-°m-bp≈ A\pa-Xn.

P\p-hcn 14 C¥y- b n¬ hn¬°- s ∏- S p∂ ]mbv°‰v ]men¬, Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n-Ic - a - mb cmk-]Z- m¿∞-ßƒ ASßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn "^pUv tk^v‰n B‚ v Ãm≥tU¿Uvkv AtXm-dn‰n Hm^v C¥y' \S-Ønb ]T-\-Øn¬ Is≠Øn. 33 kwÿm-\ß - f - n-tebpw tI{μ-`c-W{- ]-tZ-iß - f - n-tebpw ]m¬ kmºn-fpIƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn¬ \n∂mWv Cu shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø¬. 1791 kmºn-fp-I-fn¬ 68.4 iX-am-\Ø - nepw "Un‰¿sP‚ v' AS°-ap≈ hnj-]Z- m¿∞-ßƒ AS-ßn-bncn-°p-∂p. Cu taJ-e-bn¬ Kh-s◊‚ v GP≥kn \S-Øp∂ BZysØ ]T-\amWv CXv.

P\p-hcn 15 sNmΔ- b psS D]- { K- l - a mb "t^mt_mkn' (Phobos) ¬\n∂pw aÆpw a‰pw tiJ-cn-°p-∂X - n-\mbn djy hnt£- ] n® "t^mt_mkv˛{K‚ v' (Phobos-Grunt) F∂ ]cy- t h- j W hml-\w, {]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-b-Xn-s\Øp-S¿∂v ]k-^nIv kap-{Z-Øn¬ ]Xn®p. 2011 \hw- _ ¿ 8˛- \ m- b n- c p∂p "t^mt_m-k˛-v {- K‚ 'v hnt£-]n-°s - ∏-´X - .v ssN\-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp sNmΔm-˛-]-cy-thj-W-t]-S-Ihpw "t^mt_m-kv-˛-{K‚n'\v H∏- a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ssN\- b psS BZysØ sNmΔ-bn-en-dß - ¬ ]≤-Xn-bmbn-cp∂p AXv.

P\p-hcn 16 samtdm-t°m-bnse t^mdw-kvKn‰n (Forumzgit) ¬, 2011 Pqsse-bn¬ h∂p ]Xn® D¬°m-`m-K-ßƒ (Meteorite), sNmΔ-bpsS `mK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ ÿnco-Ic - n-®p. Zi-e£ - °-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ°p-ap-ºv, hen-∏am¿∂ {Kl-k-am-\-amb Ft¥m H∂v sNmΔ-bp-ambn Iq´n-bn-Sn-®-Xn-s\-ØpS¿∂v, AS¿∂p sXdn-®-h-bm-Wt{X Ct∏mƒ D¬°-bmbn h∂p hogp-∂-Xv. 1815-˛¬ {^m≥knepw 1865-˛¬ C¥ybnepw 1911-˛¬ CuPn-]vXnepw 1962-˛¬ ss\Po-cn-b-bnepw sNmΔm `mK-ßƒ CXp-t]mse ]Xn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Is≠Ø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

P\p-hcn 17 Imem-h-ÿm-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn "Fkv˛-_m≥Uv tUmπ¿ dUm¿' (S-Band Doppler RADAR) _olm-dnse A\n-kmimkv{X-KXn

_m-Zn¬ ÿm]n-Xa - m-bn. 24 aWn-°qdpw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ dUm-dns‚ {]tbm-P\w _olm-dn-s\m∏w Om¿J-WvUnse P\ßƒ°pw e`n-°pw. C¥y≥ Imem-hÿm-]-T-\-hn-`mKw (Indian Meteorological Department) cmPy- Ø n- \ p- ≈ n¬ ÿm]n- ° p∂ Ggm- a sØ tUmπ¿ dUm-dm-Wn-Xv.

P\p-hcn 18 B¿ńIv Iu¨knen (Arctic Coun¬ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-°m-\p≈ C¥y, ssN\, {_ko¬ F∂n-h-bpsS {iaw A¥¿tZ- i o- b - X - e - Ø n¬ ]pXnb cmjv{Sob hSw-he - n-Iƒ°v Ac-sßm-cp°n. B¿ńIv kap-{Z-hp-ambn AXn¿Øn ]¶n- S p∂ 8 cmPy- ß ƒ am{X- a mWv Ct∏mƒ B¿ńIv Iu¨kn- e nse ]q¿Æmw-K-ßƒ (Im-\-U, djy, Atacn-°, t\m¿th, ^n≥e≥Uv, kzoU≥, sFkve≥Uv, sU≥am¿°v F∂n-h). CXn¬ "\nco-£I ]Zhn' (Observer state) \¬IWsa∂mWv C¥y-bpƒs∏sS-bp-≈-h-cpsS Bh-iyw. cil)

t_m¿Uv (NSTEDB) tI{μ-˛i - m-k{v X-kmt¶-Xn-I- h-Ip-∏v, sSIvt\m-]m¿°v F∂nh-bmWv k¿°m¿Xe ]¶m-fn-Iƒ.

P\p-hcn 20 ssat{Im-X-cw-Kß (Microwave) sf ASn- ÿ m- \ - a m°n {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ dUm¿ LSn-∏n® C¥y-bpsS BZysØ Ir{Xn-tam-]{- K-la - mb dnkm-‰v˛- 1 (RISAT1), 2012 am¿®v 15-˛\v hnt£-]n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\-am-bn. {]Im-i-X-cw-K-ß-sfD]tbmKn- ® p≈ "dntam´v sk≥knMn's‚ ÿm\Øv "ssat{Im- X cwK'ßsf D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂XmWv dnkm-‰˛-v 1˛s‚ {]tXy-IX - . "dUm¿ Cta-PnMv km‰-sse-‰v˛- s - sa-t{Im-th-hv˛- 1' (Radar Imaging Satellite-Microwave-1)

F∂- X mWv "dnkm- ‰ v - ˛ 1' F∂- X ns‚ ]q¿W-cq-]w.

ssN\bv°v kz¥-amb kq∏¿ Iºyq-´¿

P\p-hcn 19

P\p-hcn 21

cmPy-Ønse BZysØ k¿°m¿-˛kz-Imcy ]¶m-fnØ sXmgn-e-h-kc thZn-bmbn sIm®n-bnse If-a-t»-cn-bnep≈ "In≥{^m' (KINFRA-Kerala Indus-

Xt±- i o- b - a mbn \n¿an- ° - s ∏´ t{]mk-k¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v \n¿an-°-s∏´ ssN\- b psS kq∏¿ Iºyq- ´ ¿ ˛ "k¨th ªqsse‰v ' (Sunway Blue Light) HutZym-Kn-I-ambn {]h¿Ø-\-amcw-`n-®p. ssN\ kz¥-ambn \n¿an® "sj≥shbv' (Shenwei) t{]mk-kd - mWv CXn¬ D]- t bm- K n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v. CtXmsS Xt±-iob t{]mk-k¿ D]-tbmKn®v kq∏¿ Iºyq-´¿ \n¿an-°p-∂, temI-Ønse aq∂m-asØ cmPy-ambn

trial Infrastructure Development Corporation) ]m¿°n¬ "Ãm¿´v-˛-A]v hnt√Pv' (Start-up village) {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®p.

Iymºkv C‚¿hyq-hn-eqsS hnZym¿∞nIsf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bmWv e£yw. \mj-W¬ kb≥kv B‚ v sSIvt\mfPn F‚¿{]\¿jn∏v sUh-e-]vsa‚ v

2012-˛¬ BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tZiob KWn-X-im-kv{X-h¿jw National Mathematics Year 1913 P\p-h-cn -am-k-Ønse Hcp cm{Xn. tIw{_nUvPv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse c≠v KWn-Xi - m-kv{X-⁄¿ Zo¿L-t\-cambn N¿®-bn-em-Wv. {Sn\n‰n tImtfPnse s{]m^-k¿ sP.-C. en‰n¬hpUns‚ apdn-bmWv cwKw. At±-lh - p-ambn kwkm-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pn.-F-®v.-lm¿UnbpsS ssIbn¬ A∂v X]m-en¬ Ab®p- I n- ´ nb Hcp IØp- ≠ v . KWn- X imkv{X kq{X-hm-Iy-ßƒ \nd™ Iptd t]∏-dp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p AXn-\p≈n¬. aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ \o≠ N¿®Iƒs°m- S p- h nepw B kq{X- h m- I yßƒ°v ASn- ÿ m- \ - a mb KWn- X imkv{X kn≤m-¥-ßƒ \n¿≤m-cWw sNøm≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™n-√. C¥ybn¬\n-∂m-bn-cp∂p B IØv. 25 hb p≈ Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c-\mWv AsXgp-Xn-bX - .v t]cv {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-P≥. cm{Xn sshIn, en‰n¬hpUn-t\mSv bm{X ]d-bp-tºmƒ lm¿Un a\- n¬ IcpXn, B IsØ-gp-Xnb hy‡n A∂phsc Adn-bs - ∏-ń-cp∂ KWn-Xi - mkv{X {]Xn-Ì - ƒs°m∏w InS \n¬°p∂ Hcp _p≤n cm£-k-\m-sW-∂v. ]nt‰-∂pXs∂ At±lw cmam-\p-P\v IsØgpXn ˛ B Akm-am\y {]Xn-`sb hmgv Ø n- s °m- ≠ v . AtXm- s Sm- ∏ w, {_nójv Kh-s◊‚p-ambn _‘-s∏´v cmam-\p-P\v tIw{_n-UP v n¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°n. 1914-˛ G{]nen¬ Cw•-≠n-se-Ønb cmam-\pP≥ lm¿Un-bp-sam-∂n®v Kth-jW {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ apgp-In. aqhmbn-ct- Ømfw KWn-Xi - m kv{Xkn≤m-¥

klI-c-W-ÿm-]-\ß-fpsS h¿jw sFIy-cm-jv{S-kw-LS- \ - b - psS Blzm-\{]-Im-c-amWv 2012 kl-I-c-W-ÿm-]-\ß-fpsS h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kwLm- S - I cpw KpW- t `m- ‡ m- ° fpw H∂pXs∂-bm-hp∂p F∂-XmWv klI-cW - ÿ - m-]\ - ß - f - psS {]tXy-IX - . kaql-Ønse F√m Xe-ß-fp-ambn _‘s∏´pw C∂v kl-Ic - W ÿm]-\ß - ƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. kaq-l-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-Ik - p-ÿn-cX ImØp-kq-£n°p-∂-Xn¬ kl-I-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ apJy-]¶v hln-°p-∂p-≠v. t]mb h¿jß-fnse "BtKmf kmº-Øn-Ia - mμyw' AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ C¥ysb klm-bn-® Hcp LSIw Chn-SsØ i‡-amb klI-cW {]ÿm-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ""klI- c W ÿm]- \ - ß ƒ \h- t emI krjvSn-°mbv'' (Co-operative Enterprises Build a better World) F∂-XmWv h¿jmN-cW - Ø - ns‚ ap{Zm-hm-Iyw.

ß - ƒ°v sXfnhp Is≠-Øm≥ cmam-\pP\v Ign-™p. kwJym-KW - n-Xa - m-bn-cp∂p cmam-\p-Ps‚ Kth-jW - t- a-Je - . "t{]m__n-en-ÃnIv \º¿ Xnbdn' (Probabilistic Number Theory) AS-°-ap≈ cmam\p-P≥ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ]eXpw temI {]i-kvXß - f - m-Wv. cmam-\p-Ps‚ 125-˛mw P∑-hm¿jn-I-amWv 2012-. (1887 Unkw_¿ 22-˛-\m-bn-cp∂p cmam-\p-P≥ P\n-®Xv, Xan-gv\m-´nse Ctdm-Un-ep≈ Hcp Zcn{Z {_m“W IpSpw-_-Øn¬) cmam\p-Ps\ Hm¿an-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w cmam\p-P-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ ]pXnb {]Xn-`Isf Is≠-Øp-Ib - mWv tZiob KWnX imkv{X-h¿ jm-Nc - W - Ø - ns‚ e£yw. ssN\ (A-ta-cn-°bpw P∏m-\p-amWv a‰p-≈-h) Imem-h-ÿm-]T-\-Øn-\mWv "k¨th ªqsse‰v' kq∏¿ Iºyq-´¿ D]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Øp-I.

P\p-hcn 22 OØo- k v K - U nse k¿KpP (Sarguja) Dƒs∏- s S- b p≈ "kXv]p-cm-˛t- Km-≠zm\m taJe' (Satpura-Gondwana Formations) bn¬, C¥ym-Kh - s - ◊‚n\p Iognse "BWh [mXp-eh - W KthjW ÿm]\w' (Atomic Minerals Directorate) bptd-\nbw ]cyth-jWw Bcw-`n-®p. B{‘m-{]-tZ-inse XpΩ-e-∏-≈n-bnse (Tummala-palle) `qK¿`-J-\n-bn¬ "bptd-\nbw tIm¿∏-td-j≥ C¥y enan-‰Uv' `qK¿`-J\n ÿm]n®p Ign-™n-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv. Cu h¿jw Xs∂ DXv]m-Z\w Bcw-`n-°m-\m-hp-sa-∂mWv {]Xo-£.

P\p-hcn 23

tPymXn-»m-kv{X-kw-_-‘-amb IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-I-fnse IrXyX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bn, "eo]v sk°≥Uv' (Leap Second) F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ AXn-kq-£va-amb kab CS-thf "tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰Uv bqWnthgvk¬ ssSw' (Coordinated Universal Time-UTC) ant\mSv Iq´n- t ®¿°p∂ am¿®v 2012

Nne h¿jm-N-c-W-ßƒ A¥m-cmjv{S Du¿P-kp-c-£mh¿jw

hmh-ep-I-fpsS h¿jw sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS ]cn-ÿnXn kan-Xn (United Nations En- psS Blzm-\{- ]-Im-ca - mWv 2011-˛12 vironment Programme-UNEP) b Ime-bf - hv hmh-ep-If - psS h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂X - v. jUv]Z IoS-ßsf Xns∂m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS I¿j-I-cpsS an{X-ß-fm-hp∂-hb - mWv hmh-ep-Iƒ. Im¿jn-Ih - nf kky-ßf - nse ]cm-KWw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\pw hmh-ep-Iƒ kzb-a-dn-bmsX ]cn-{i-an-°p∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ P\-a-\- p-I-fn¬ `oI-c-X-bpsS ]cym-b-am-hp∂ h-bmWv hmh-ep-Iƒ. hmh-ep-I-fn-eqsS ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ ]I-cp∂p F∂ Bi-¶bpw ASp-ØI - m-eØ - mbn DS-se-Sp-Øn-´p≠v. CØcw A_-≤-[m-c-W-Isf Xncp-Øn, hwi-\m-iØ - n¬\n∂pw hmh-ep-Isf c£n-°p-Ib - mWv h¿jmN-cW - Ø - ns‚ e£yw.

Iogvhg°w XpS-c-Wtam F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv aq∂p-h¿jtØ-°p-IqSn \o´n-h-bv°m≥ "A¥m-cmjv{S hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab bqWn-b≥' (International Telecommunication Union) Xocp-am-\n-®p. 2015-˛¬ \S-°p∂ "thƒUv tdUntbm IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ tIm¨^-d≥kn'embn-cn°pw CXp-kw-_‘ - n® Xocp-am-\a - p-≠mhp-∂X - v.

P\p-hcn 24 BW-h-t]m¿ap\ hln-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ A¥¿hm-ln\n kz¥-am-bp≈ temI-Ønse Bdm-asØ cmPy-ambn C¥y. djybn¬\n∂pw "AIp-e-˛2' (Akula-II) F∂ t]cn-ep≈ A¥¿hmln-\n, ]Øp-h¿j-tØ-°p≈ Icm-dn¬ ]m´-Øn-s\-Sp-ØX - ns\ XpS¿∂m-Wn-Xv. "sF.-F≥.-F-kv. N{I' (INS-Chakra) F∂m-bncn°pw CX-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Xt±-io-b-ambn \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp∂ BWh A¥¿hm-ln-\n-bmb "sF.-F≥.-F-kv. Acn-l¥v' (INS Arihant) 2013-˛-HmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-sa-∂mWv {]Xo-£.

P\p-hcn 25 kqcy-\n¬\n-∂p≈ AXn-i‡ - a - mb hnIn-cW - ß - sf Dƒs°m≈p∂ kuc-hm-X- (Solar Wind) ß-fpsS Hcp `mKw `qan-bn-seØn. 2003 HIvtSm-_-dn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ G‰hpw i‡-amb {]hmimkv{X-KXn

temI-Ønse 140 tImSn P\-ßƒ°v C∂pw sshZypXn A\y-am-Wv. 250 tImSn, AXm-bXv temI-P-\-kw-JybpsS aq∂n-sem-∂n-tesd, ]mN-I-Øn\mbn C∂pw ]c-ºc - m-KX Du¿P-t{kmX- p-Is - f-bmWv B{i-bn-°p-∂X - .v Zmcn{Zy-amWv CXn-s‚-sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\L-S-I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Du¿PØns‚ IS-s∂-Ø¬ Zmcn{Zywaqeap≈ _p≤n-ap-´p-Isf ]c-am-h[n Ipd-bv°pw. ]mN-IØ - n\mbn hndIv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p≈ ]pI izkn°p-∂-Xp-aq-e-ap≈ Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏Sp∂XS-°-ap≈ Imcy-ßƒ CXn¬ s]Sp-∂p. Pohn-X-\ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sm\pw Du¿P-Øns‚ e`yX Imc-W-amhpw. ]c-ºc - m-KX Du¿Pt{kmX- p-Isf IqSp-Xe - mbn D]tbm-Kn-°m\pw Du¿P kpÿn-cX ssIh-cn-°m\pw h¿jm-Nc - W - Ø - n-eqsS sFIy-cm-j{v S-kw-LS- \ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p-≠v.

Ae≥ SqdnMv h¿jw c≠mw-temI alm-bp-≤I - m-eØv, P¿a≥ ]´mfw Bi-bhn-\n-abw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv B¿°pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\mhmØ "F\n‹' F∂ tImUp ktμ-i-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®m-bn-cp-∂p. tImUp-Iƒ t\ctØ Adn-™n-s√-¶n¬ A{]-Xo-£n-Xa - mb B{I-aW - Ø - m¬ {_n´¨ ]cm-Pb - a - Sbpw F∂ ÿnXn-hn-ti-ja - m-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\v ]cn-lmcw I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv C-cp-]Xp hb- p-{]m-b-ap≈ Hcp sNdp-∏°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥-ambn \n¿an® Hcp Iºyq-´¿ D]tbm-Kn-®mWv Ae≥ Sq-dnMv F∂ B bph-im-kv{X⁄≥ AXv km[n-®-Xv. B[p-\nI UnPn-‰¬ Iºyq-´dpI-fpsS BZy-cq-]-ambn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ "SqdnMv sajo≥' At±lw \n¿an-®Xv shdpw 22 hb- p-{]m-b-ap-≈-t∏m-gmbn-cp-∂p. Sqdn-Mns‚ 100˛mw P∑-h-m¿-jn-I-amWv 2012-.

I¿tam-’pI hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ h¿jw bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b-\n¬s∏´ cmPy-ßƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn°p∂ apJy kmaq-ly-{]-iv\ß - f - n-sem-∂mWv 60-˛\ - p-ta¬ {]mb-ap-≈h - c - psS h¿[n-®p-hc - p∂ P\-kw-Jy. Btcm-Kyta-J-e-bnepw PohnX\ne-hm-c-Ønepw h∂ am‰-ßƒ Bbp- p-\ofp∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂h - ¿ Btcm-Ky-]c - a - mb ]e Imc-W-ß-fmepw Ah-i-X-b-\p-`-hn°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ch¿°v kzÿ-amb Btcm-Ky-Po-hnXw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-IbmWv h¿jm-N-c-W-Øns‚ e£yw. 2012 apX¬ bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b≥ cmPy- ß - f nse htbm- P - \ - ß - f psS FÆw h¿jw-tXmdpw 2 Zi-e£w F∂ IW-°n¬ h¿[n°pw F∂ A\p-am-\sØ XpS¿∂m-Wn-Xv.

e-Iƒ kwbp-‡-ambn Xbm-dm-°p∂ "F≥h-tbm¨sa‚ v s]¿t^m¿a≥kv C≥sUIvkn' (Environment Performance Index)¬, temI-Øn¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw hmbp-a-en-\o-I-cWw t\cn-Sp∂ ]Øp cmPy-ßf - n¬ D∂-Xÿ - m\w C¥y-b° v msW∂v dnt∏m¿´v . _w•m- t Z- i n\pw ssN\bv°pw apI-fn-emWv hmbp aen\o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ C¥ybpsS ÿm\w. kzn‰vk¿e≥Uv, em‰vhnb, t\m¿th F∂o cmPy-ßf - mWv bYm-{Iaw hmbp-ae - n-\o-Ic - Ww G‰hpw Ipd-hp≈ cmPy-ßƒ. BsI 132 cmPyßsf Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X - mWv ]´n-I.

l-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. a\p-jy¿°v lm\nI-ca - s - √-¶nepw hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab irwJe-tbbpw (Ir-{Xn-tam-]-{K-l-ß-tf-bpw) a‰pw iey- s ∏- S p- Ø m≥ "kuc- h m- X ßƒ'°v km[n- ° pw. Gjybv ° pw Ata-cn-°-bv°p-an-S-bn-ep≈ hnam\ k¿ho-kp-Iƒ CXp-Im-cWw \ndp-Ønh-®n-cp-∂p.

P\p-hcn 26 {_n´-\nse c≠p sNdp-∏-°m-cmb hm\-\n-co-£I - ¿, kuc-bq-YØ - n\p ]pdØp≈ ]pXn-sbmcp {Klw Is≠-Ønb-Xmbn hm¿Ø. {Inkv tlmwkv (Chris Holmes), eo {Xnbm-sπ-t‰m¨ (Lee Threapleton) F∂o c≠p hm\-\n-co-£I-cmWv Is≠-Ø¬ \S-Øn-b-Xv. SPH 10066540 F∂ \£-{X-Øn\p Np‰pambn Id-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ {KlsØ kw_-‘n® hnh-cß - ƒ imkv{X-⁄¿ ]cn-tim-[n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. AwKo-I-cn°-s∏-Sp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬, "{Xnbm-sπ-t‰m¨ tlmwkv _n' (Threapleton Holmes B) F∂m-bn-cn°pw Cu {Klw C\n-ta¬ Adn-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X - v.

]fl ]pc-kvIm-cß - fnse imkv{Xw P\p-hcn 27 2012- ˛ se ]fl ]pc- k v I m- c - ß ƒ {]Jym-]n-°s - ∏-´p. imkv{X-ta-Je - b - n¬ C\n-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿°mWv ]pc-kvIm-cw. ]fl-hn-`q-j¨:˛ tUmIvS¿ Im¥n-em¬ lkvXn-a¬ kt©‰n (ssh-Zy-im-k{v Xw); ]fl-`q-j¨:˛ s{]m^. iin-Ip-am¿ Nns{X, tUm. Fw.-F-kv. cLp-\m-Y≥ (im-k{v X-˛k - m-t¶-Xn-Iw), tUm. kptcjv F®v AUzm\n (ssh-Zy-imkv{Xw/Hmt¶mf-Pn), tUm. tZhn {]kmZv sjń (sshZy-imkv{Xw/Im¿Un-tbm-f-Pn), tUm. t\mjn¿ F®v hmUnb (ssh- Z yimkv{Xw/\yqtdm-fP - n); ]fl{io:˛ tUm. hn. BUn-aq¿Øn (a-e-bm-fn), tUm. IrjvWe - m¬ NmYm, s{]m^. hotc-μ¿ knMv Nulm≥ (im-k{v X-˛k - m-t¶-Xn-Iw), s{]m^. salv Z n l ≥ (ssh- Z yimkv{Xw/A\m-´-an), tUm. sP. lco{μ≥ \mb¿ (ssh- Z y- i mkv{Xw/ Bbp¿th-Zw), tUm. PntX-{μ-Ip-am¿

knMv (ssh-Zy-imkv{Xw/Hmt¶m-f-Pn), tUm. tIm´m D√mkv Imc¥v (h-\w, h\y-Pohn kwc-£-Ww), k]≥ Kpl (sk-dm-an-Ivkv).

P\p-hcn 28 "\mk'bpsS sIπ¿ Zqc-Z¿in-\n (Kepler Space Telescope), Bhm-k-tbmKy-amb (Habitable) 26 ]pXnb {Kl-

ßsf Is≠-Øn. hnZq-c{- ]-]© - Ø - n¬, hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb 11 \£-{X-ßƒ°v Np‰n-ep-am-bmWv Chsb Is≠-Øn-bXv. 2011 Unkw-_-dn-emWv sIπ¿ ZqcZ¿in-\n, Bhm-k-tbm-Ky-amb BZy hnZq-c-{Klw Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. sIπ¿ 22 _n (Kepler 22 b) F∂m-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ t]cv.

P\p-hcn 31 a\p-jy-cpsS ]q¿h-hwiw GI-tZiw 1,50,000-˛2,00,000 h¿j-ßƒ°p-apºv B{^n-°b - n¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂h - c - m-sW∂v P\n-XI ]cn-tim-[\ - b - n-eqsS sXfn-bn® Kth-jW {]_‘w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°s∏-´n´v 2012 P\p-h-cn-bn¬, 25 h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp-Ib - m-W.v "ssat‰m-tIm¨{Sn-b¬ DNA' (Mitochondrial DNA, mt-DNA) ASnÿm-\a - m°n \S-Ønb Cu hni-Ie - \w "t\®¿' F∂ Kth-jW tPW-en-emWv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv-˛1987 P\p-h-cnbn¬. sdt_° Im≥ (Rebecca Cann), am¿°v tÃm¨In-Mv (Mark Stoneking), Ae≥ hn¬k¨ (Allan Wilson) F∂nh-cm-bn-cp∂p Ncn-{X-]c - a - mb Cu Is≠Ø¬ \S-Øn-bX - v.

P\p-hcn 29 kwÿm\ Kh-s◊‚ns‚ B`n-apJy-Øn¬, tIm´bw Pn√-bn¬ "XÆo¿ØS Kth-jW ÿm]\w' (Wetland Research Institute) XpS-ßm-\p-t±-in-°p∂-Xmbn tIcf apJy-a{¥n {]Jym-]n®p. P\p-hcn 29 apX¬ tIm´-bØv Bcw-`n® 24-˛maXv tIcfm imkv{XtIm¨{K-kns‚ DZvLm-S\ - t- h-fb - n-em-bncp∂p CXv. {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-Ps‚ kvac-W-bv°mbn "{io\n-hmk cmam-\pP≥ C≥Ãn- ‰ yq´v Hm^v t_knIv kb≥kkv' ÿm]n-°m\pw ]cn-]m-Snbp-≠v.

P\p-hcn 30

{]nb hmb-\-°m-tcm-Sv.... kmt¶-Xn-I-amb Nne ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Imc-Ww, ta¬∏-d™ imkv{X-hm¿ØIƒ kw_-‘-amb en¶p-Iƒ (K-th-jW {]_-‘-ßƒ, ÿm]-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-hbp-tS-Xv) Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. AXn-\mbn aknscience.blogspot.com F∂ teJ-Is‚ tªmKv kμ¿in-°m-\-t]-£. `mjm-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ImcWw Dƒt®¿°m-\m-hmØ Nne hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw AXn¬-\n∂p e`n-°pw. A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Adn-bn-°p-a-t√m.

tb¬, sImfw-_nb k¿h-I-em-im-

am¿®v 2012

lc-W-^ew

imkv{X-KXn

sI. kXojv

imkv{Xhm¿Ø-

Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : tUm. Fw. B¿. kpZ¿i\ Ipam¿

hb¿sekv ktμ-i-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Huj-[-{]-tbmKw ico-cØ - n¬ ÿm]n® ssat{Im-Nn∏v hgn hb¿sekv ktμ- i - a - b ®v Huj[w {]tbm- K n- ° m- \ p≈ kmt¶- X n- I - h nZy imkv{X-⁄¿ BZy-ambn {]Z¿in-∏n-®p. ‘Osteoporosis’ _m[n-®-h-cn-em-WnXv ]co£n-®-Xv. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb Nn∏-S-ßnb sNdnb D]-I-cWw tcmKn-bpsS Xz°n-\Sn-bn¬ ÿm]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ÿncambn acp∂p {]tbm-Kn-t°≠ tcmKßƒ°nXv A\p-{K-la - m-Ipw. Ata-cn-°≥ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v AUzm≥-kvsa‚ v Hm^v kb≥kns‚ hm¿jnI

tbmK-Øn¬ s^{_p-hcn 16-˛-\mWv imkv{X-⁄-cnXv dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX-Xv. MicroCHIPS, MIT, Hardvard, Case Western University F∂n-hn-Sß - f - nse imkv{X-⁄c - mWv Cu kmt¶-Xn-Ih - nZy hnIkn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. ‘Osteoporosis’ _m[n® F´p kv{XoI-fpsS Xz°n-\-Sn-bn-emWv D]-I-cWw ÿm]n-®-Xv. D]-I-c-W-Ønse ssat{Im t{]mk-k-dn¬ hb¿sekv ktμ-i-sa-Øp-tºmƒ ssat{Im-Nn-∏n¬ sshZypXn {]h-ln-°p-Ibpw Hcp t\csØ Huj-[-a-S-ßnb Huj-[-]mfn Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]co£-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ B¿°pw ]m¿iz-^-e-ßƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-√. ]q¿W-ambn hnI-kn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ÿnc-ambn Huj-[{- ]-tbmKw Bh-iy-ap≈ tcmKn-Iƒ°-X\ - p-{K-la - m-Ipw. (www.sciencenews.org)

ssS‰s‚ A¥-co£w \mt\m IW-ßƒ Btcm-KyØn\v lm\n-Icw Huj-[ß - f - nepw `t£ym-Xv]∂ - ß - f - nepw k¿h-km-[m-cW-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ \mt\m IW-ßƒ t\csØ hnNm-cn-®-Xn-t\-°mƒ Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-c-am-Imsa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ Is≠-Øn. FDA AwKo-Im-c-ap≈ t]mfn-ssÃ-do≥ \mt\m IW-ßƒ tImgn-I-fnse Ccpºns‚ BKn-cWw Fß-s\-bmWv _m[n-°p-∂s - X-∂mWv imkv{X-⁄¿ ]T\ hnt[-b-am-°n-b-Xv. sNdnb Ime-bf-hn¬ IqSp-X¬ Af-hn¬ kº¿°-ap-≠m-Ip-∂Xv Ccpºns‚ BKn-cW - sØ XS- s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - mbpw Ipd™ Af-hn-ep≈ Zo¿L-Ime kº¿°w Ccp-ºns‚ BKncWw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbpw imkv{X-⁄¿ Is≠-Øn.

i\n-bpsS G‰hpw henb N{μ-\mWv ssS‰≥. ssS‰s‚ A¥- c o£w aossY-\m¬ kar-≤-am-Wv. -1800 C BWv ssS‰s‚ icm-icn D]-cn-Xe Dujvam-hv. `qan-bpsS hymk-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ipd-hmWv. kuc-bq-YØn¬ `qansb IqSmsX D]-cn-X-eØn¬ {Zmh-I-ap≈ GI-ÿ-ehpw ssS‰- \ m- W v . Ch- b psS D¤hw Ct∏mgpw imkv{X-⁄¿°v ]q¿Wambpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. California Institute of Technology bnse imkv{X-⁄¿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Iºyq-´¿ tamU¬ D]-tbm-Kn®v Cu {]Xn-`m-k-ßsf efn-X-ambpw hy‡ambpw hni-Zo-Ic - n-°m-\m-hp-sa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ Ah-Im-is - ∏´p. (www.esciencenews.com)

Nn{X-Im-c-\mb b{¥-a-\p-jy≥

Zo¿L-Ime kº¿°w tImi-ß-fpsS LS-\-bn¬ hcpØnb am‰-ßƒsIm-≠mWv BKn-cWw h¿[n-°p-hm-\n-Sbm-°n-b-Xv. kpc-£n-X-sa∂p Icp-Xnb \mt\m IWßƒt]mepw tImi-ß-fn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-tºmƒ a‰v lm\n-Ic - a - mb \mt\m-IW - ß - f - psS kº¿°w Btcm-KyØn\p lm\n-Ic - a - mbn `hn-°p-sa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ ap∂dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂p. Nature Nanotechnology bn¬ s^{_phcn 12-˛\v Hm¨sse-\mbn imkv{X-⁄-cnXv {]kn-≤oI-cn®p. (www.sciencedaily.com)

ap∂n-en-cp-∂-bm-fns‚ Nn{Xw hcbv°p∂ tdmt_m-ńs\ P¿a-\nbnse imkv{X-⁄¿ hnI-kn-∏ns®-Sp-Øp. Nn{Xw hc-bvt°-≠p∂ Bƒ tdm_-ńs‚ ap∂n¬ Ãqfnen-cn-°-Ww. tdmt_m-´mZyw Ccn°p∂ Bfns‚ Nn{Xw Iyma-d-bp]-tbm-Kn-s®-Sp-°pw. F∂n´v Xs‚ s]≥kn¬ FSpØv Ccn-°p∂ Bfns‚ Nn{Xw hcbv°pw! ]Øp an\n-ń-\p-tijw Nn{Xw ssIbn-se-SpØv s]mXp-P-\-ßsf A`nam-\-tØmsS ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw! P¿a-\n-bnse Karl Squhe Centre for Art and Media bnse imkv{X⁄cmWv tdmt_m-ńs\ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-ØX - v. Ie-bp-tSbpw imkv{X-Øn-s‚bpw kmt¶Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw kΩn{i ê-am-bmWv Cu tdmt_m´v hnI-kn∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. Nn{X cN-\-bn-te¿s∏-SmØ ka-bØv tdmt_mń\v apjn-∏n-°p∂ Zn\-N-cy-bm-Wv. hnhn[ ]Zm¿∞-ß-fpsS {]Imi {]Xn-^-e\w hni-I-e\w sNøm-\mWv tdmt_m-ńs\ imkv{X-⁄¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂X - v. (www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com)

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw alm-ﬂm-Km‘n tImtf-Pnse ck-X-{¥-hn-`mKw A≤ym-]-I-\mWv teJ-I≥ Printed & Published by T.P. Sreesankar on behalf of Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad & Printed at A-One Offset Printers, Ramanattukara, Calicut-1 and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Editor-R.V.G. Menon. Approved by CSIR for financial support Volume 47 No.9, Sasthragathy 2012 March, 60 Pages