Sastragathi 2011 August Issue

2011 BKÃv

hmeyw 47

tIcf imkvv{Xkm-lnXy ]cn-jØv

e°w 2

15

Ih¿tÃmdn:

hymP Huj[]c-ky-ßfpw tIc-fhpw tUm. Sn. Pb-Ir-jvW≥

10

19 -

am{¥nI acp-∂p-I-fpsS

kz¥w \mSv

]c-kyw, -{]-tem-`-\w k-Zm-Nmcw B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥

22

tUm. at\mPv tImaØv

tcmKNnIn’: imkv{Xob{]{Inbtbm Dƒhnfntbm? tUm. B¿. Pb-{]-Imiv

6

h\]-cn-]m-e-\-sØ-∏-‰n-Øs∂

42

s{]m^. Fw.-sI. {]kmZv

25

a[p-cw, kuayw,- Zo]vXw tUm. Imhp-ºmbn _me-Ir-jvW≥

agsh≈ kw`-c-WØn\v ]pXnb amXrI

45

{Ko°v ss]XrIw tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

tUm. kn. _me-IrjvW≥ \mb¿

48 30

hml\s]cp-∏hpw ]m¿°nwKv \bhpw

_p[s‚ clkyw tXSn kn.-hn. N{μ≥

51

IÆpXpd∂ hn{K-l-߃

s{]m^. ]n.sI. cho-{μ≥ {]k∂ kn.

33

imkv{X hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Ahÿm hnti-j-߃

55

P\nXI`£Ww: Adntb≠sX√mw

sIbv≥ sslsUm°v

36

39

]pkvX-I-]-cn-Nbw:

πkvh¨ Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co£ Hcp ]T\w

Pn.Fkv. DÆnIrjvW≥

57

Im¿´q¨ ]w‡n:

ssjeP F≥.

lc-W-^ew

tIcfØnse `£y kpc£bpw Im¿jnI Bkq{XWhpw

sI. kXojv

58

]n.kn. cma≥Ip´n

imkv{X-hm¿Ø tUm.-Fw.-B¿. kpZ¿i-\I - p-am¿

FUn-‰¿ : B¿.-hn.Pn.- tat\m≥, amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ : sI. cm[≥ FIvkn-Iyp´ohv FUn-‰¿: B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW-≥, Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿: ]n. kptc-jv ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn: s{]m^. sI.-B¿ P\m¿Z\≥, s{]m^. Sn.-]n. Ip™n-°-Æ≥, s{]m^. sI. ]m∏q´n Sn. cm[m-a-Wn, kn.-hn. N{μ≥, tUm. B¿.-_n. cmP-e£van, tUm. sI. cmPvtam-l≥, tUm. sI. hnP-b-Ip-am¿ tPmPn Iq´p-tΩ¬, B¿. KncojvvIp-am¿, AUz. Sn. Ko\m-Ip-amcn, hn.-ss_-Pp, ]n. {]Im-i≥ Nn{Xo-I-cWw: sI. kXojv Ih¿ & teHu´v: ]n. {]Zo]v ssS∏v sk‰nMv: hn[p. ]n.-Fkv hnemkw

FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KX - n, Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw ˛ 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 2475668. C sa-bn¬ sasthragathy@gmail.com amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿, imkv{X-KXn, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 673 002 t^m¨ : 2701919, C sa-bn¬ ksspmagazine@gmail.com H‰-{]Xn : 12 cq] ˛ hm¿jn-I-h-cn-kwJy : 125 cq] teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-߃ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv; imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√. kμ¿in°pI: www.kssp.in

IØp-Iƒ

""ssZhØn\v \μn, Rm≥ Hcp am¿IvknÃv A√'' ""ssZhØn\p \μn, Rm≥ Hcp am¿IvknÃv A√''˛ CXp ]d-™Xv Imƒam¿Ivkv Xs∂-bm-Wv. Pq¨ e°w imkv{X-KX - n-bnse tPmPn Iq´pΩ-ens‚ teJ-\-amWv am¿Ivkns‚ {]kvXm-h-\sb Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. kmaqly ]cn-h¿Ø\w hcp-Øm\p≈ Ncn-{X-]c - a - mb Npa-Xe sXmgnemfn h¿K- Ø n- \ mWv F∂ am¿Ivkns‚ \ne-]m-Sns\ Xs‚ teJ-\Øn¬ tPmPn Iq´p-Ω¬ D≤-cn-®n-cn°p-∂p. am¿Ivkv Xs‚ kn≤m-¥sØ apdn®p]d-™Xv slK-ens‚ Bib-ßsf XeIogmbn \n¿Øn-bmam¿Ivkn-ka - mbn F∂m-Wv. am¿Ivkv slK- e ns‚ kn≤m- ¥ - t ØmSv sNbvXXp Xs∂-bmWv amthm-bpw, se\n\pw am¿Ivkn-kt- ØmSv sNbvXXv. temI ]cn-Nbw C√mØ Acmjv{So-b-cmb {KmaoW I¿j-I¿°v IΩyq-WnÃv hnπ-h-Øn¬ shdpw in¶n- S n- I - f psS ÿm\- t a- b p- ≈ q, hnπhw \bn-°p-∂Xv sXmgn-emfn h¿K-amWv F∂mWv am¿Ivkv ]d-™Xv. F∂m¬ ssN\-bn¬ hnπhw \bn-®Xv sXmgn-emfn h¿K-a√, I¿jI-cm-W.v hymh-km-bn-Ia - mbn ap≥]-¥nbn¬ \n¬°p∂ \mSp-If - nte hnπhw \S°q F∂mWv am¿Ivkns‚ kn≤m¥w. F∂m¬ djy≥ hnπhw \S°p-tºmƒ djy hyh-km-b-cw-KØv ]n∂n- e m- b n- c p- ∂ p. amthm- b pw, se\n\pw am¿Iv k n- k sØ XeIpØn \n¿Øn. Cßs\ ÿe-Im-

e- ß ƒ°- \ p- k - c n®v kn≤m- ¥ - Ø nepw {]tbm-K-Ønepw hyXn-bm\w hcp-∂Xv A]-cm-[tam ]m]tam A√. sNß-db - n-epw, apØ-ßb - n-epw, πm®na-S-bn-epw, \μn-{Km-anepw Hs° \S∂ ka- c - ß ƒ Acm- j v { So- b - a m- s W- ¶ nsske‚ v hmen-bn-epw, \¿a-Z-bn-epw, Imk¿tKms´ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ kachpw Hs° Acm-j{v So-ba - m-Wv F∂p hmZn°mw. imkv{XkmlnXy ]cn-jØv Xs∂ Hcp Acm-jv{Sob kwL-S-\-bmWv F∂p hmZn-°mw. F∂p-h®v CsXms° Acmjv{So-ba - m-Ip-∂n-√. Chn-SsØ apJy-[mcm cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-I-fpsS ]n≥Xp-W-bn√ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp kacw Acm-jv{So-bamWv F∂p ]d-bm-\m-In-√. CØcw kac-ßf - n¬ cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-If - psS ap{Z ]Xnb-cpXv F∂v GXn-s‚-sb-¶nepw kwLmS-I¿ \n¿_‘w ]nSn-®p-sh-¶n¬ AXnt\mSv tbmPn-∏n-√. tkmfn-Um-cn-‰n-bp-sSbpw, B¿.-F-kv.-F-kn-s‚bpw ]n≥XpW kzoI-cn-®Xpw icn-b-√-X-s∂. ap≥]n¬ \S-°p-∂Xv A\o-Xn-bmsW∂pw AXn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-tj-[n-°W - sa∂pw kap-Zm-bØ - n-s‚-tbm, ]m¿´n-bp-sStbm, kwL-S\ - I - f - p-sStbm \n¿t±-ia - n-√msX-Xs∂ tXm∂p∂ hy‡n-Iƒ BWv \√ ]uc kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-tI-≠-Xv. A√msX Po∏pw temdnbpw hmS-Ibv°v FSp-°m\pw Iq‰≥ dmen-Ifpw {]I-S-\ßfpw \S-Øm-\p≈ tijn-bp-a-√t√m \√ P\m-[n-]Xy cmPy-Ønse ]uc-kaq-lØ - n-\p-≠m-tI-≠X - v.

Inc¨ Un B¿ I√d

P\-Iob {]Xn-tcm[\nc A\n-hmcyw Xt±i kzbw-`c - W - h - I - p∏v hn`-P\ - t- Øm-Sp-IqSn tIcfw C∂p-hsc ssIh-cn® Ht´sd amXr-Im-]c - amb t\´-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ {ia-amWv \S-Øp-∂X - v. `mhn-bn¬ C¥y-bn¬ BsI \S-∏m-t°≠ {]h¿Ø-\a - m-bn-´mWv tIc-fØ - ns‚ Cu cwKsØ A\p-`-hsØ \mw t\m°n-°-≠-Xv. \n£n]vX XmXv]-cy-ßfpsS t]cn¬ A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cW {]{In-bIsf XInSw adn-°m\p≈ KqV-\o-°-ßsf sNdp-Øp-tXm-ev]n-°p-∂-Xn\v i‡-amb P\-Iob {]Xn-tcm[-\nc sI´n-∏S- p-t°-≠X - m-Wv. Pqembv e°-Ønse "imkv{X-KXn' Ih¿tÃmdn hyXy-kvX-amb A\p-`-h-ß-ƒ ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p; A`n-\-μ-\-߃. "]m™mƒ AXn-cm-{X'sØ ]›m-Ø-e-am°n sI. kXojns‚ lc-W-^ew Gsd ck-I-c-am-bn. sI. cmPo-h≥, ssh°n-e-t»cn

4

imkv{X-Øns‚ hgn imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ e°-Ønse "{Ko°v ss]XrIw' F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ \mev ck-ßf - psS Ak-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ - b - mWv tcmK- \ n- Z m\w F∂ {Ko°p- h n- i zmksØ \ΩpsS Bbp¿th-Z-Ønse XrtZmj tIm]-ß-fp-ambn teJ-I≥ D]-an®p I≠p. {Ko°ptZ-h-X-bmb Ckv°-em-∏n-bkv BWv tcmK-im-¥n°m-[mcw F∂v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Hcp ZWvUn¬ ]mºv Np‰nb {Ko°v tZhNn”w sshZy-imkv{X Nn”-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ A‘hn-izmk PSn-e-amb NnIn-’m-co-Xn-Ifn¬\n∂pw sshZy-co-Xnsb Hcp kXymt\z- j - W - Ø ns‚ ]mX- b n- t ebv ° v \bn®p F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv lnt∏m-{Im‰kv sshZy-imkv{X ]nXm-hm-bX - v. imkv{Xw F∂m¬ Hcp "Hgp-Ip∂ \Zn-bmWv' AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kXymt\z-j-Whpw A\-¥-ambn XpS-cpI Xs∂ sNøpw. kXyw Bt]-£n-Ih - pam-Wv. BXy-¥nI kXyw Fs∂m-∂n√. lnt∏m-{Im-‰kv kzoI-cn® NnIn-’I-tfm, am¿K-ßtfm C∂v B[p-\nI sshZy- i m- k v { X- Ø n¬ Fhn- s Sbpw ImWn-√. adn®v At±lw apt∂m-´p-h® XXzw am‰sØ AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠p≈ ]pXnb icnsb Is≠-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu XXzw H∂p-sIm≠p am{X-amWv B[p-\nI sshZy-imkv{Xw At±- l sØ kv a cn- ° p- ∂ - X v . Cu \qX\ XXzw temIØv \ne-\n-∂t- Xm, \ne-\n¬°p-∂tXm Bb Hcp NnIn’m-co-Xn°pw FXn-c-√.

F. lcn-Zm-k≥, ]pXp-∏Ww. BKÃv 2011

apJ-°p-dn∏v BKÃv 2011

hymPsshZy-∑mcpw hymPacp-∂p-Ifpw tcm

KnIƒ NqjWw sNø-s∏-SpI F∂Xv ]pXn-sbmcp Imcy-sam-∂p-a-√. B[p\nI hymP sshZy-∑m¿ cwK-sØØpw apºp-Xs∂ \m´n¬ ]c-∂n-cp∂ Hcp cknI≥ t«mI-ap≠v: sshZy-cmP \a-kvXp`yw ba-cmP ktlm-Z-c, bakvXp lc-Xn-{]mWx sshZyx- {]m-Wm≥ [\m-\n- N. sshZy≥ Ime-t\-°mƒ {Iqc-\m-Ws - {X. ba≥ {]mWs\ am{Xw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ sshZy≥ {]mW-s\m∏w ]Ww IqSn A]-lc - n-°p∂p F∂p-km-cw. tImSn-Iƒ sImSpØv Db¿∂ sshZy-_n-cp-Zß - ƒ hnebv°p hmßp-∂h - ¿ NnIn-’m-cw-Ks - Ø-Øp-∂t- XmsS Cu {]iv\w IqSp-X¬ Kpcp-X-c-am-Im≥ t]mIp-I-bm-Wv. Xma-kn-bmsX tUmIvS¿am¿ kz¥w t]cn\pw _ncp-Z-߃°p-sam∏w {_m°-‰n¬ ""k¿°m¿ Izm´'' F∂p-IqSn FgpXn hbv°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-Ip∂ Ime-amWp hcp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ sshZyIp-e-Øn-\p-Xs∂ t]cp-tZmjw hcp-Øp∂ Cu t{Zmln-Iƒ acp∂p-I-º-\n-Ifpw I®-h-S-°mcpw ]cn-tim-[\m em{_-´-dn-Ifpw kvIm\nwKv sk‚-dpIfpw Bip-]{Xn apX-em-fn-Ifpw F√mw AS-ßp∂ Hcp henb NqjW kwhn-[m-\Øns‚ apI-f‰w am{X-am-Wv. Chsb \nb-{¥n-°m≥ \nb-a-ß-fn-√m-™-√. ]t£ ]e-t∏mgpw \nb-a-Øns‚ he-∏-gp-Xp-I-fn-eqsS sNdp-h-cm-ep-Iƒ \pg™p IS-°ptºmƒ hº≥ {kmhp-Iƒ he-Iƒ s]m´n®p Xs∂-bmWv kkpJw hne-kp-∂-Xv.hymP NnIn-’-I¿°pw am{¥nI acp-∂p-Iƒ°pw FXnsc \ap°p \nb-a-ß-fp-≠v.

F∂n´pw apkven ]hdpw Ij≠n kwlm-cn-Ifpw hgn tImSn-Iƒ A]-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. t]¿s]‰ _lp-cm-jv{S-°º - \ - n-Iƒ t]mepw th≠{X ]cn-tim-[\ - I - fpw kpc£m hyh-ÿ-I-fp-an-√msX hn]-Wn-bn-en-d-°nb Nne acp-∂p-Iƒ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p acW-߃°p Imc-Wa - m-bX - mbn "Ipdn-∏Sn acWw' (Death by prescription) F∂ ]pkvXIw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CØ-c-samcp acp-∂n\p c‡-km-£n-bmb Hcp ]Xn-\mdp hb p-Im-cn-bpsS ]nXmhp \S-Ønb hn{i-a-an-√mØ t]mcm-´-amWv Cu hnh-c-߃ ]pdsØ-Øn® Xv. "Cw•ojv' acp-∂p-Iƒ°p-≈-Xns\ At]-£n®v Xmc-X-tay\ eLp-hmb KpW-]cn-tim-[\m kwhn-[m-\-amWv \mS≥ acp-∂p-Iƒ°p-≈-Xv. ]mc-º-cy-ambn ]co-£n-®pd-®h - b - m-Ib - m¬ Ah A]-ISclnXambn-cn°pw F∂ Hcp s]mXp-[m-cW - b - p-≠.v AXv Gsd-°psd icn-bp-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ ^e-{]-Za - m-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°s - ∏-SmØ X´n∏p acp-∂p-Iƒ hn‰p em`w sImøm-\p≈ Hcp te_-embn Bbp¿th-Zhpw "sl¿_epw' amdp-∂pt≠m F∂Xv Bbp¿th-ZsØ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw AXp \ne-\n¬°Ww F∂m-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - ¿ Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ ka-ba - m-Wn-Xv. {]mNo\ {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ tNcp-h-Ifpw Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]co-£n-®p-d® H‰-aq-enIfpw Aß-s\-Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°mw-˛-hn-izm-k-ap-≈-h¿°v. ]t£ ]pXn-bh hn]-Wnbn-en-d-°p-tºmƒ Ah-sbbpw at‰-sXmcp ]pXnb acp-∂n-s\-bp-sa-∂-t]mse I¿i-\amb ^e-kn≤n ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-am-°ntb ]‰q. ""R߃ {]mW-s\-Sp-°p-∂n-√-s√m, ]Ww am{X-at√ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p≈q'' F∂Xv aXn-bmb kam-[m-\-a-√.

imkv{X-KXn

5

]cn-ÿnXn s{]m^. Fw.-sI. {]kmZv

Hcp {]tXyI D]-tbm-KsØ am{Xw tI{μo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xp-amdn _lp-KpW hn`h kao-]\w BIWw ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥-Øn-\v. XSn-sh-´¬ tamU-en¬ \n∂v Im¿_¨ ]cn-]m-e\ tamU-em-h-Ww. {]IrXn hn`h]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\mbn {]mtZ-inI kaq-l-ß-fpsS im‡o-I-cWw e£y-an-S-Ww. cmk-h-f-{]-tbmKwsIm≠v kky-k-º-Øns‚ ssPh-]nWvU h¿≤-\-h√ e£y-am-t°-≠-Xv, h\-Øns‚ s]mXp BtcmKy ta∑-bmWv h¿≤n-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. ASn-°m-Sp-Iƒ t]mjn-∏n-°-bmWv th≠-Xv, sh´n-°-f-b-e-√m.

h\]-cn-]m-e\ - s - Ø ∏-‰n-Øs∂ imkv{X-KXn Pq¨ e°-Øn¬ ""Adn-bpI \mw h\-ÿnXn'' ""h\kw-c-£Ww tIc-f-Øn¬-˛-sh-√p-hn-fn-Iƒ'' F∂o c≠p teJ-\-߃ I≠p-h-t√m. AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn thWw Cu teJ-\sØ IcpXm≥. CXn¬ {][m-\a - mbpw h\-am-t\-Pp-sa‚n-s\-∏‰ - n-bmWv ]cm-a¿iw.

C∂p \ne-hn-ep≈ h\-ÿnXn ap≥Ime h\-]-cn-]m-e\ CS-s]S-ep-Iƒ, XXz-Zo-£b - n-√mØ D]-t`m-Kw, {]Ir-Xn-bpsS {]Xn-`m-kß - ƒ F∂n-hb - psS ^e-am-bp-≈X - m-Wv. Ign-™I - m-esØ ]cn-]m-e\ {]hW-X-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-^-e-amWv C∂p≈ h\w. ]pXnb coXn-sb-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]gb Ncn{Xw Adn-bp-∂Xv \√-Xm-W-t√m. h\ \b-ß-fn-eqsS H∂p ItÆm-Sn-°mw. {_n´o-jp-Im¿ hcpw-apºv h\ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ ¢n]vX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. DS-a-ÿm-h-Im-ihpw IrXy-ambn-cp-∂n-√. h\w `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬ h∂-t∏m-gmWv F√m-‰n\pw Hcp IrXyX D≠m-b-Xv, AXn¿Øn, DS-a, h\ D]-tbm-Kw, AXncp kwc-£Ww CsXms° ]Xps° ]Xps° D≠mbn. AtXmsS \bw, \nb-aw, F√mw D≠m-bn. (A-h-bn]eXpw kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n-°p-ti-jhpw ChnsS XpScp∂p!) 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km\ Ime-ØmWv C¥ybn¬ h\-]c - n-]m-e\ - Ø - ns‚ ÿm]-\h - X - I v c - Ww D≠mb-Xv, kwÿm-\-Øns‚ IpØ-I-bmWv h\m-h-Im-isa∂pw h\-Øn¬ P\-Øn\v Hc-hI - m-ih - p-an-s√∂pw BWv CXns‚ A¥- Ø - . tImf\n `c-WØ - ns‚ BZy-Im-eß - f - n¬ h\w Hcp hcp-am-\t- {km-X - msW∂ k¶ev]w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Im´nse kpK‘- h y- R v P - \ - ß - f n¬ `c- W - X - e - h - ∑ m¿°v BI¿j-W-ap-≠m-sb-∂Xv ad-°p-∂n-√.

GsX-¶nepw DXv]m-Z\ {]h¿Ø-\߃°v DXIpw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v kwÿm- \ - Ø ns‚ hcp- a m\w

6

BKÃv 2011

h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ ImSv D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww F∂ taml-ap-≠m-bn. Aß-s\-bmWv Nne {]tXyI h\ hn`-hß - ƒ NqjWw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ \nb-{¥Ww sIm≠p-h∂Xv. tX°n\pw K‘-a-km-e-Iƒ°pw \nb-{¥Ww h∂p. {_n´-\n¬ I∏\n¿am-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb XSn-bpsS £maw t\cn-´-t∏m-gmWv C¥y-bnse h\-ßf - psS {]m[m\yw IqSn-bX - v. {_n´Wnse Hm°p- a - c - Ø ns‚ _Z- e mbn tX°p acw Db¿∂p. 1800-˛¬ ae-_mdnse ImSp-I-fn¬ tX°ns‚ e`yX t\m°m≥ Hcp IΩo-j-W-sd-Øs∂ \nb-an-®p. aZn-cmin Kh-s◊‚p Im´nse tX°v apdn-°p-∂Xv t\m°m≥ Hcp IΩo-jW - ¿ h∂p. {_n´o-jp-Im¿ F√m ImSp-Ifpw kwÿm-\-Øns‚ kzØmsW∂v {]Jym-]n-®p. F∂m¬ CXv ae_m-dn\v _m[-Ia - m-bn-√. Aßs\ {][m\-s∏´ ImSp-Iƒ F√mw kzImcy DS-abn-ep-≈-Xm-bn. 1844-˛¬ tX°v \gvkdn D≠m-°¬ {]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂p. \neºq-cn¬ tX°n≥ tXm´w Bcw-`n-®p. sIm®n cmPyØv sP.-F.-tIƒtlm^v BZysØ I¨k¿th-‰d - m-bn. At±-lØns‚ {][m\ tPmen tX°n≥ XSn sh´n hn¬°¬, acw-sh-´m≥ s]¿an‰v \¬Ip-I, h\ DXv]-∂-߃ tiJ-cn°pI F∂-sXm-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncphn- X mw- I q- d n¬ tIW¬ a¨tdm BZysØ Hm^o-kd - mbn 1833-˛¬ h\-DXv]∂ - ß - ƒ tiJ-cn-°m\pw hn¬°m-\pap≈ GP≥kn-bp-≠m-°n. {_n´o-jpIm¿°v h\w {][m-\-ambn tXm∂n-bXv, I∏¬ \n¿am-W-Øn\v XSn e`n-°psa∂pw AXp-hgn IS¬ I®-h-S-Øn{][m-\n-bm-hm≥ Ignbpw F∂pw Ah¿ [cn-®t∏mgmWv. Aßs\ h\-߃°v {]m[m-\y-ap-≠m-bn. h\-ta-J-e-Isf kwc-£n-°¬ cmPy-Xm-e] v c - y-am-bn. Cu kml-Nc - y-amWv c≠v {][m\ h\ \nba-ßfpw Hcp h\ \bhpw D≠m-hm≥ Imc-Ww. XSn- b m- h iyw IqSn h∂p. acw hf¿Øp∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ]ptcm-Kan-®p. ss\k¿KnI h\-ß-fpsS sNehn¬ ac-tØm-´-ß-fp-≠m-bn. h\-\-ioI-c-Ww, Irjn-bn-S-ß-fpsS hym]-\w, h\y-Po-hn-If - psS hwi-\miw CsXms° Ah- K - W n- ° m- \ m- h mØ ÿnXn- h ntijw h∂p. CXn-s\ms° AdpXn hcp-ØmsX hsø-∂m-bn. Aßs\ 1864˛¬ h\w-h-Ip∏v D≠m-bn. {_m‚nkv F∂ Hcp P¿a≥ kky-im-k{v X-⁄≥ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ P\-d¬ Hm^v t^mdÃv Bbn \nb-an-°s - ∏-´p. ]n∂oSv {_n´ojv C¥y-bpsS BZysØ t^mdÃv BIvSv D≠m- b n. Cu BIv S v C¥y- b psS Kh¿W¬ P\- d - e n\pw {]mtZ- i nI k¿°m- c p- I ƒ°pw acw \nd™ imkv{X-KXn

{_n´o-jp-Im¿°v h\w {][m-\-ambn tXm∂n-b-Xv, I∏¬ \n¿am-W-Øn\v XSn e`n-°p-sa∂pw AXphgn IS¬ I®-h-S-Øn{][m-\n-bm-hm≥ Ignbpw F∂pw Ah¿ [cn®t∏mgmWv. Aßs\ h\-߃°v {]m[m-\y-ap≠m-bn. h\-ta-J-e-Isf kwc-£n-°¬ cmPy-Xmev]-cy-am-bn. Cu kml-Ncy-amWv c≠v {][m\ h\ \nb-a-ßfpw Hcp h\ \bhpw D≠m-hm≥ ImcWw.

GsXmcp `qanbpw ImSmbn {]Jym-]n°m\p≈ A[n-Imcw \¬In. F∂mAØcw {]Jym- ] - \ - ß ƒaqew Hcp hy‡nt°m kaq-l-Ønt\m h\-Ønt∑-ep≈ Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Spam-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]t£ C°m-cy-߃ HcnSØpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂Xv Ah-Im-in-I-fpsS Zu¿`m-Ky-sat∂ ]dtb-≠p. BIvSns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bmbn Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØnbXv Cu hkvXpX-bm-Wv. ]e {]hn-iy-Ifpw k¿°mcns‚ h\-ßf - n-t∑-ep≈ IpØ-Im-hI - misØ hna¿in-®n-cp-∂p. I¿j-I¿ CXns\-Xn-cmbn {]Xn-tj[w Db¿Øn-bn-cp∂p. ]n∂oSv 1878-˛se C¥y≥ h\-\nbaw h∂p. CXv Ah-Im-i-ß-sfbpw Acp-Xm-bva-I-sfbpw IqSp-X¬ hy‡ambn hni- Z o- I - c n- ® p. DS- a - ÿ - X sb kw_-‘n®pw \m´p-\-S-∏ns\ kw_‘n®pw IqSp-X¬ hy‡X Cu BIvSv \¬In. Cu BIvSv aq∂p-Xcw h\-ßsf \njvI¿jn-®p. ""dnk¿hvUv t^mdÃv'', ""s{]m´- I v ‰ Uv t^mdÃv '', ""hnt√Pv t^mdÃvkv'' F∂n-ßs - \. a{Zmkv Kh-s◊‚ v 1878-˛se h\-\nbaw \S-∏m-°n-bn-√. AhnsS 1882-˛a{Zmkv t^mdÃv BIvSv h∂p. 1887-˛{Smh≥Iq¿ t^mdÃv BIvSp-≠m-bn. 1889˛¬ sIm®n kwÿm-\Øpw \nbaw D≠m-bn.

H∂p a\- n-em-°W - w. ta¬∏-d™ F√m h\-\n-ba - ß - fpw {]mtZ-inI P\߃ ImSv ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\n∂pw kwc- £ Ww \¬Ip∂ t^mdÃv s{]m´- £ ≥ Bbn- c p- ∂ p.

7

I¨k¿th-j≥ F∂m¬ hne-]n-Sn∏p≈ XSn- b p≈ ac- ß ƒ°v kwc£Ww F∂m-W.v ImSp-Iƒ {]mtZ-inI Imem-h-ÿsb \nb-{¥n-°p∂p F∂ Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n´p IqSn-bpw, AXv h\ kwc-£W - Ø - ns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂n√. h\- ] - c n- ] m- e - \ - Ø n¬ imkv { XØns‚ ]¶v hfsc ]cn-an-Xa - m-bn-cp-∂p. h¿Ko-I-cW imkv{X-a-\p-k-cn®v acßsf th¿Xn-cn-°p-I, C¥y≥ ac-ßfpsS hf¿® tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø p- I , h¿°nwKv πm≥ F∂ ]cn- ] m- e \ {]{Inb Bkq-{XWw sNøp-I. CsXms°-bmWv imkv{X-Øns‚ klm-btØmsS sNøp∂ Imcy-߃. XSn-tbXc h\-D-Xv]-∂-߃°v h\-]-cn-]m-e\-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

1894-˛¬ Hcp h\-\bw D≠m-bn. CXv h\-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ s]mXp XXz-ßf - psS kam-lm-ca - m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \b-hpw h\w XSn-bp-X∏ v ∂ - ß - f - psS Iehd F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Im´n¬ h\-hm-kn-Iƒ A[nI-∏‰- m-bn-´mWv \bw Icp-Xn-bX - .v ]n∂oSv 1927-˛¬ Hcp h\-\n-baw D≠m-bn. CXns‚bpw ImX¬ h\-hn-`h - ß - ƒ k¿°mc-√msX as‰mcp GP≥knbpw sXmS-cp-

8

Xv F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. XSn hn`-hß - ƒ HcnS-Øp-\n∂pw as‰m-cn-S-tØ°v IS-ØnsIm≠p t]mI¬, h\-hn-`h - ß - f - n-t∑Npa- Ø m- h p∂ Uyq´n CuSm- ° CXymZn Imcy- ß - f mWv 1927- ˛ se BIvSns‚ ImX¬. kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n°p-tijw 1952-˛¬ Hcp C¥y≥ h\\bw {]Jym-]n-°s - ∏-´p. CXv Ac \q‰m≠n\p apºv {_n´o-jp-Im¿ \n¿an® s]mXp h\-\-bsØ ]pXp-°pIam{XamWp sNbvXX - ,v h\-im-k{v X-XX - z-߃ Dƒs°m≠v h\-]-cn-]m-e\w Fßs\ \S-Øm-sa∂ Hc-t\z-j-amWv Cu \bØn¬ ImWp-I. h\\mi-Øns‚ ]mcnÿn-XnI BLm-Xß - ƒ, {]mtZ-inI P\߃°v h\w sIm≠p≈ {]tbm-P-\߃,. Irjnbpw h\hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, h\-]m-e-I¿°v ]cn-io-e\w thW-sa∂ Bi-bw, Kth-jW - Ø - ns‚ Bhiyw CsXms° ]pXnb \b-ØnD≠m-bn. Ata-cn-°≥ {]IrXn kwc£W {]tbm-K-Øn¬s∏´ h\y-Pohn kwc-£W - w, A`-bm-cW - y-߃, tZiob DZym-\-߃ F∂nh \b-Øn¬ {]Xy£-s∏-´p. F∂n´pw {][m\ D∂w h\Øns‚ DXv]m-Z\ - £ - a - X Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. k¿°m-cmWv BXy-¥n-I-ambpw

h\- Ø ns‚ DSa F∂Xv CXnepw ImWmw. am‰- Ø ns‚ Hcp Imew h∂p. ssPh- s sh- h n[y ]cn- c - £ - W - s a∂ Bibw h\-]-cn-]m-e-\-Ønepw \bØnepw Hcp am‰-ap-≠m-°n. h\w Hcp hcp-am-\t- {km-Xkv F∂p Icp-Xn-bp≈ ]cn-]m-e\ \b-Øn¬ am‰w h∂p. AXv P\-\-∑-bv°m-bp≈ h\-]-cn-]m-e\w F∂-Xn-te°v amdn. tXm´-ap-≠m-°m≥ h\w sh´n-am-‰pI F∂ ]cn-]mSn Dt]£n-°-s∏-´p. Gsd-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ h\-\-io-I-cW {]h¿Øn-Iƒ, AWs°-´p-Iƒ, `£y-[m\y DXv]m-Z-\-Øn\mbn ImSv Irjn-ÿ-e-am-°pI, h\Øn¬ Bfp-Isf A[n-h-kn-∏n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃, Hcp-]mSv h\-\miw D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. h\y-Pohn D]-tZ-iI kan-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-bn, h\w hyh-km-bim-eI - ƒ°v {][m\ Xmßm-hWw F∂ Nn¥°v am‰w h∂p.

BtKm-fX - e - Ø - n¬ hym]n® {]IrXn kwc-£W X{¥-ß-fpsS hym]\w C¥y-bn-ep-ap-≠m-bn. Akv]riy h\-taJ-eI - sf ImØp-kq-£n-°Ww F∂ Nn¥ Chn-sSbpw hcp-Øn. ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W Bi-bß - ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp h\-\bw 1988-˛D≠mbn. temI-sØ-ºmSpw \mi-`ojWn t\cn-Sp∂ DjvW-ta-Jem h\ßsf kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ Hcp Xo{h {ia-Øns‚ {]Xn-^e - \ - a - m-bn-cp∂p Cu ]pXnb \b-w. ]cn-c-£Ww F∂-Xn\v IqSp- X ¬ hy‡- a mb hnti- j Ww \¬I-s∏-´p. kwc-£W - w, ]cn-]m-e\ - w, \ne-\n¬∏p≈ D]-t`m-Kw, ]p\-ÿm-]\w, ss\k¿KnI ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS A`n-hr≤n F∂o LS-I-߃ AS-ßnb- X m- b n- c p∂p Cu \bw. 1952- ˛ se \bsØ ASn-apSn X≈n-∏d - b - p∂ H∂mbn-cp∂p CXv. ac-߃ \nd™ `q{]tZ- i - ß sf kmº- Ø nI hcp- a m\ t{kmX- mbn ImWp∂ ÿnXn hntijw amd- W - s a∂pw ImSp- I ƒ tZiob kzØm-sW-∂pw, AXv Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ kaq-l-Øn\pw F°m-eØpw D]-I-cn-°p∂ BkvXnbmbn ]cn-]m-en-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - m-sW∂pw Cu \bw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hnImk {]h¿Ø-\-߃ h\-kw-c-£W XXz߃ am\n®p sIm≠p-thWw \S-∏m°m≥ F∂v \njvI¿jn-°-s∏-´p. h\w ht\-Xc Bh-iy-߃°mbn D]-tbmKn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\p-hmZw thW-sa∂ 1980˛se \nbaw I¿°-i-ambn XpS¿∂p.

P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS h\-kw-c£Ww km[y-am-°p∂ sP.-F-^v.-Fw. ]cn-]mSn 1990-˛¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂Xv Hcp BKÃv 2011

hgn-Øn-cn-hm-Wv. h\m-Xn¿Øn-I-fnXma-kn-°p∂ {Kmao-W¿°v sXmgnepw hcp-am-\hpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂ Hcp ]cn]m- S n- b mbn sP.- F - ^ v . - F w. 2002- ˛ hf¿∂p. kv{XoIƒ AS-ßp∂ sP.-F^v.F - w. IΩn-‰n-Iƒ°v ta¬t\m´w hln°m≥ ta¬t°mbva kwhn-[m-\-߃ \nb-a-]-c-ambn \ne-hn¬ h∂p. CXnh\w-hI - p-∏p-tZym-Kÿ - c - psS km∂n≤yw \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn ]cn]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥ßƒ am‰m-sa-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Cu ]cn]mSn AwKo-IrX h\-]-cn-]m-e\ X{¥Øn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvXam-bn. ]cn-]mSn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ {Kmao-W¿°v ]cn]m-Sn-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n¬ ]¶p-s≠-∂X - pw, t\´-ß-fpsS Hmlcn Ah¿°v Ah-Imi-s∏-Sm-sa-∂Xpw sP.-F^ - .v F - w.s\ A\\y-am-°n.

Imcy-߃ Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW¶nepw \ΩpsS h\-]-cn-]m-e\w F∂ {]{Inb C∂pw sImtfm-Wn-b¬ kz`mh- Ø n¬\n∂pw hn´p t]m∂n- ´ n√ F∂Xv Hcp ZpxJ kXy-am-Wv. h\-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ X{¥w ""h¿°nwKv πm≥'' F∂ Bkq{XW tcJ-bn¬ A[n-jT v n-Xa - m-W.v h\yPohn kwc-£W h\-ta-Je - I - ƒ°v Cu ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥w A√ F∂Xv ]dtb-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah-bpsS ]cn-]m-e-\Øn\v ""amt\-Pp-sa‚ v B£≥ πm≥'' BWv D]-tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂-Xv.

F¥mWv h¿°nwKv πm≥? h¿°nwKv πm\n¬ c≠p LS-I-ßfp-≠v.

(H-∂v) ]cn-]m-e\ hnt[-b-am-Im≥ t]mIp∂ ImSns‚ C∂sØ ÿnXn Fs¥∂ At\z-jW - w. (c≠v ) \ne- h n- e p≈ ImSns\ AXns‚ DØ- a - a mb ÿnXn- b nFßs\ \ne- \ n¿Øm≥ F¥p sNøm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂p? {]Xo-£n-°p∂ BZmbw F{X- s b∂v {]h- N n- ° m≥ km[n-°W - w.

Hcp h¿°nwKv πm\n\v aq∂p Xeß-fp-≠v.

(1) h\-hn-hc - Ww: h\-hn-kvXo¿Ww F{X? CXn¬ hnhn[ C\w hf¿®m-\nc-°p-Iƒ, ImWn-°p∂ `mK-ß-fpsS IW°p-Iƒ, Hcp \n›nX `mKØv D≈ XSn-bpsS ]cn-am-Ww (Volume), Ahsb Af-hp-I-tfm-sS, ac-Øns‚ {]mbw ImWn-®p-sIm≠v hnh-ct- i-Jcw \S-Øp∂p. Ct∏mƒ F{X sh´n-sb-Sp-°mw.? `mhnbn¬- F{X, Ft∏mƒ FSp°mw Fs∂ms° ImWn-°p∂ tcJ-bp-≠m°¬. imkv{X-KXn

(2) ]cn-KW - \ - b - n-ep≈ h\-`m-KsØ kmº- Ø nI t\´- Ø n- \ mbn \ne\n¿Øp-tºmƒ sNtø≠ tPmen-Iƒ Fs¥ms° F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. {]kvXpX ÿeØv hcp-tØ≠ sa®s∏- S p- Ø - e p- I ƒ Fs¥m- s °- s b∂v \n¿W-bn-°W - w.

(3) DXv]-∂-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ {]h-N\w. F{X NXp-c{i ASn ac-ØSn In´pw F∂v IrXy- a mbn {]h- N n- ° p- I .

A{Xbpw XSn°v hn]-Wn-bn¬ F{X hne In´pw F∂v IW-°m-°p-I. Npcp°n ]d-™m¬ h\sØ ]cnkc kulr-Zhpw ]p\-cm-hn-jv°mc km[y-Xb - p-≈X - p-amb DXv]∂ - ß - f - psS Dd-hnSw F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]cn-]m-en-°m\p≈ X{¥-amWv h¿°nwKv πm≥.

Cu ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥w amd-Ww, am‰-Ww. h\-Øn\v DXv]-∂-ßfpw tkh-\ß- f p- a p- ≠ v. {]mtZ- i nI kaq- l ߃°p≈ D]-Im-cß - ƒ, Imem-hÿm \nb-{¥-Ww, Im¿_¨ tiJ-c-Ww, hmbp Pe ipNo- I - c - W w, P\n- X I hn`h Ie-hd CsXms° ImSns‚ Ignhp-If - m-Wv, tkh-\ß - f - m-Wv. Cu tkh\-߃ \nd-th-‰m≥ ImSns\ k÷-am°p∂ ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥-amWv th≠-

Xv. ]cn-]m-e-\-X-{¥-Øns‚ Du∂am‰Ww kv]ojn-kns\ tI{μo-I-cn®p sIm≠p≈ Du∂¬ am‰n Bhm-ksØ tI{μo-I-cn-®m-h-Ww. Hcp {]tXyI D]tbm-KsØ am{Xw tI{μo-Ic - n-®p-≈X - pamdn _lp- K pW hn`h kao- ] \w BIWw ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥-Øn-\v. XSnsh-´¬ tamU-en¬ \n∂v Im¿_¨ ]cn]m-e\ tamU-em-hW - w. {]IrXn hn`h ]cn-]m-e\ - Ø - n-\mbn {]mtZ-inI kaq-lß-fpsS im‡o-Ic - Ww e£y-an-SW - w. cmk-hf - {- ]-tbmKw sIm≠v kky-kº - Øns‚ ssPh-]nWvU h¿≤-\-h√ e£y-am-t°-≠X - v, h\-Øns‚ s]mXp BtcmKy ta∑-bmWv h¿≤n-∏n-t°-≠X - .v ASn-°m-Sp-Iƒ t]mjn-∏n-°b - mWv th≠Xv, sh´n-°f - b - e - √ - m. sXc-™p-sh-´\S-Øn-bn-´p≈ ImSp-If - psS \nP-ÿnXn ]Tn-°W - w. I®-hS km[y-Xb - p≈ acß-fpsS IW-s°-Sp-∏√ kky-Pme kmaqly ]T-\a - mWv th≠-Xv. \in®p t]mb kky kaq-lß - f - psS ]p\-cm-hnjvImc At\z-jW - ß - ƒ ]T\ hnt[-bam- ° - W w. ]cn- ] m- e \ X{¥- Ø n\v imkv{Xob ]n≥_ew Dd∏p hcp-ØWw. Npcp-°Ø - n¬ h\-]c - n-]m-e\w ASnapSn ]cn-jvI-cn-°-Ww. h\y-arK A`bm-cWy ]cn-]m-e-\-sØ-∏‰n thsdm-cn°¬ ]d-bmw.

9

Ih¿tÃmdn tUm. at\mPv tImaØv

am{¥n-I-a-cp-∂p-I-fpsS

kz¥w \mSv hntZ-i-Ip-Ø-I-I-fpsS s\dn-sI´ Huj-[-hn-ev]-\sb FXn¿Øv {]Xn-tj-[-ap-t∂-‰ß-fp-ambn \S∂ tIc-f-Ønse ]ptcm-K-a\ P\-Iob {]ÿm-\-߃ Cu am{¥nI-a-cp-∂p-ssh-Xm-fn-I¿s°-Xnsc cwK-Øn-d-ßm≥ sshIn.

Btcm-Ky-cw-KØv Hcp-Im-eØv temI{i-≤t- \-Snb Hcn-Sa - mWv \ΩpsS sIm®ptI-cf - w. {]mY-an-Im-tcm-Ky-cw-KsØ t\´ß-fpsS t]cn¬ F¨]-Xp-If - n¬ "tIcf-tam-U¬' hnJym-X-am-bn. XpS¿∂v hntZi Huj-[I - p-ØI - I - f - psS Nqj-W߃s°-Xn-cm-bp≈ apt∂-‰-ß-fpsS t]cnepw {i≤-t\-Sn. C∂v, Cu Ccp-]sØm∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw Zi-IØn¬ tIcfw as‰m-cp-hn-[Ø - n¬ {i≤mtI-{μ-am-hp-Ib - m-W˛-v ] - c - n-jI v r-Xt- em-IØv Fhn-sSbpw ImWm-Øh - n[w AZv`p-Xt- cmK-im¥n hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ am{¥n-Ia - cp-∂p-If - psS (Magic Remedies) kz¥w \mSv F∂ t]cn¬. \nXy-Po-hn-XØ - n¬ \sΩ Ae-´p∂ F√m Akp-Jß - ƒ°pw (I-cƒtcm-Kw, Bkvfl, aqe-°p-cp, ssewKn-I_ - e - l - o\-X, {]talw F∂p-th≠ s]mÆ-Ø-

10

Sn-h-sc) £n{]-]-cn-lmcw hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ acp-∂p-If - psS tLmj-bm-{X-bmWn-hn-sS. hnZ-Kvt[m-]-tZ-i-an-√msX B¿°pw t\cn´p hmßn-Ig- n-°m≥ ]mIØn¬ h≥]- c - k y- ß - t fmsS Ch \mSmsI hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Bbp¿th-ZØ - nse A\¿L-amb Adnhp-If - psS ]n≥_-ea - mWv acp-∂p-If - psS AZv`p-X-kn-≤n-Iƒ°p \nZm-\-sa∂ km£y-]{- Xhpw ImWmw. tcmK-߃°p≈ acp∂p imkv{Xob-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m\pw AXns‚ ^ew ]co-£n-®p-d-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p-an∂p hy‡-amb am¿K-tc-JI - f - p-≠v. acp-∂pev]m-Z\ - hpw hnX-cW - hpw I¿i-\\ - n-ba - ß-fpsS \ng-en-em-Wv. AXp \nco-£n°m≥ k¿°m¿ kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-≠v. sX‰n-≤m-cW - m-P\ - I - a - mb Ah-Im-ih - m-Z߃ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xp XS-bm≥

{]tXyI \nb-aa- p-≠.v F∂n´pw bmsXmcp imkv{Xob ]n≥_-eh - p-an-√msX AZv`pX-tcm-K-im¥n hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-Iƒ ChnsS Cd-ßn-s°mt≠-bn-cn-°p∂p (sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´mt\m_¬k-Ωm-\Ø - n-\p-hsc A¿lX \¬Ip-∂h - b - mWo Ah-Im-ih - m-Zß - f - n]e-Xpw). eh-teiw \nb-{¥-Wa - n-√msX Ah btYjvSw hn‰-gn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. XXzZo£ sXm´p-Xo-≠n-bn-´n-√mØ ]c-ky-ßfpsS ]n≥_-et- Øm-sS. P\-ß-fpsS BtcmKyw ]¥mSn tImSn-Iƒ sImøp∂ \nIr-jSv a - mb Cu _nkn-\kv \S-°p-∂Xp {]_p-≤t- I-cf - Øn-em-Wv. CsX-ßs\ km[y-am-Ip∂p F∂-t\z-jn-°p-∂Xp IuXp-I-am-bn-cn°pw. s]mXp-P\ - Ø - ns‚ Ah-t_m-[a - n√m-bva, \nb-aß - f - psS ]gp-Xp-Iƒ, \nb{¥-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øns‚ ]ng-hp-Iƒ BKÃv 2011

F∂n-ßs\ hnhn-[I - m-cW - ß - ƒ CXn\p ]n∂n-ep-≠v. AXns‚ hni-Zmw-iß - ƒ NnI™v ]cn-lm-c\ - n¿tZ-iß - ƒ hbv°m\p≈ {ia-am-Wn-hn-sS.

Huj-[-߃-˛Im-cyhpw I]-S-hpw a\p-jy-cmin NnIn-’-Xp-S-ßnb Imew-ap-X¬ acp-∂p-Ifpw \ne-hn-ep-≠v. c≠p-\q-‰m-≠p-ap-ºp-hsc {]Ir-Xn-hk - X v p°sf kwkvIc - n®v tcmKn°p Ign-°m≥ sImSp-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p coXn. icoc-Øn-\-IØp tcmK-Øn\p Imc-W-amIp∂ Zpcq-li - ‡ - nsb (hm-X˛- ] - n-Ø˛- I^ tZmj-ßtfm abm-ktam ssh‰t^mgvtkm) \nb-{¥n®p tcmK-im-¥n-hcp-Øp-hm≥ th≠n-bp-t±-in-®m-bn-cp∂p hnhn[ NnIn’m k{º-Zm-bß - ƒ acp∂p-Iƒ cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. B[p-\nI ^m¿a-t°m-fP - n-bpsS hc-thmsS-bmWv hgn-Øn-cn-hp-≠m-bX - v. {]IrXn hkvXp-°f - n-eS- ß - nb GsX-¶nepw Hcp cmk-LS- Iw am{X-amWp tcmK-im-¥n-°p]-Ic - n-°pI F∂p Xncn-®d - n-bs - ∏-´p. Ccp]Xmw \q‰m- ≠ n¬, tcmK- ß ƒ°p ]n∂nse ssPh- ˛ - c mkIm- c - W - ß ƒ hy‡- a m- b - t XmsS Huj- [ - ß fpw imkv{Xo-ba - m-bn. \n›nX tcmK-Im-cW - Øn- s \- X nsc X∑m- { Xm- X - e - Ø n{]h¿Øn-°p∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°-fmWv (km-t¶-Xn-Ia - mbn "{UKvkv' F∂p hnfn°-s∏-Sp-∂h - ) Huj-[ß - ƒ F∂ \n¿hN\w h∂p. Hmtcm tcmK-Øn-\p-ap≈ {]Xn-hn-[n-bmbn \¬Im-hp∂ {UKv GsX∂p imkv { Xo- b - a mbn Is≠Øm\pw hymh-km-bn-Ia - mbn \n¿an®p tcmKn-Iƒ°p apgp-h≥ e`y-am-°m-\pap≈ am¿K-߃ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p. BtKmf-Xe - Ø - nepw tZio-bX - e - Ø - nepw acp-∂pIƒ Dev]m-Zn-∏n®p hnX-cWw sNøp∂ {UKv Iº-\n-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

Hmtcm cmPy-Øpw, acp-∂p-If - psS kpc£n-XXzhpw hnizm-ky-Xbpw Dd-∏p-hc - pØp-hm-\p≈ \nb-aß - fpw hn]-W\ - Ø - n\p≈ \nb-{¥-Wk - w-hn-[m-\ß - f - p-ap≠v.

C∂p e`y-amb acp-∂p-Iƒ, Ah-bpsS Kuc-ha - \ - p-kc - n®p ]eX-ca - p-≠.v NneXv Btcm-Ky-]c - n-]m-e\w Dt±-in-®p-≈, icoc-]p-jSv n°p KpW-Ic- a- mb "tSmWn-°p-Iƒ' BWv (hn-‰m-an≥ Kpfn-II - ƒ, aos\Æ XpS-ßn-bh DZm-lc - W - w). Ae-£y-ambn AI-Øm-°n-bmepw A_-≤Ø - n¬ Ign®mepw ico-cØ - n\p tZmj-am-Im-Øh - .

Ch-sb√mw tUmIvS-dpsS Ipdn-∏Sn IqSmsX e`n-°pw. tcmK-e£ - W - ß - f - psS kam-izm-kØ - n\v D]-Ic - n-°p-∂h - b - mWv as‰mcp hn`m-Kw. s]bn≥_m-ap-Iƒ, N¿ate-]\ - ß - ƒ XpS-ßn-bh - . CsX√mw acp∂p-IS- I - f - n¬ \n∂p t\cn´p hmßm-hp∂ "Hmh¿ Z Iu≠¿' (OTC) acp-∂p-If - s - {X. imkv{X-KXn

tUmIvS¿ Ipdn-®p-\¬In tcmKn°p kz¥ambn hmßn-°g- n-°m-hp∂ acp-∂p-If - mWv ASp-ØX - .v tUmIvSd- psS ta¬t\m´ØntcmKn Ign-t°-≠p∂ "sjUyqƒUv' acp∂p-I-fmWv as‰mcp hn`m-Kw. sNdnb {]iv \ - k m- [ y- X - b p≈hbmWv CXnepƒs∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-Sp-∂X - .v tUmIvS¿ t\cn´p \¬tI-≠Xpw \nco-£n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - pamb sNdn-sbmcp hn`m-Kw-Iq-Sn-bp-≠.v KpcpX-c-L-´-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-t°-≠p-∂, ]m¿iz-^e - ß - f - p≈ cmk-hk - vXp-°ƒ (DZm: Iotam-sX-dm∏n acp-∂p-Iƒ) DZm-lc-Ww. CXn-teXp hn`m-KØ - n¬s∏´ acp-∂pI-fnepw Im]Syw IS-∂p-hc - mw. Aß-s\bmWp I≈-ac - p-∂p-Ifpw s]m≈-ac - p-∂pIfpw am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-Ifpw {]N-cn-°p-∂Xv. I≈-ac - p-∂p-Iƒ A\p-Ic - W - ß - tfm AwKo-Im-ca - n-√msX hn‰-gn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂h - tbm- B-W.v KpW-\n-eh - mcw Ipd-™Xpw ^e- a p- s ≠∂v Dd- ∏ n- √ m- Ø - X p- a mWv s]m≈-ac - p-∂p-Iƒ. am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-If - mI- s ´, \ne- h n- e p≈ Huj- [ - ß - s fs°m≠p ssIh-cn-°m-\m-hmØ AZv`pX-tcm-Ki - m¥n hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂h - b - mWv. ^e-kn-≤n-bp-s≠∂p X{¥-]q¿hw {]N-cn-∏n-®m-Wnh hn]W\w \S-Øp-∂Xv. CsX√mw \ΩpsS \m´n¬ hym]-Iam-sW-∂X - mWv Atem-kc - s - ∏-Sp-Øp∂ kXyw. \nc-£-c-Ip-£n-Isf ]‰n®p ]Ww ]nSp-ßm≥ ]S-®n-d° - p∂ am{¥nI-ac - p-∂p-Iƒ°p \ΩpsS {]_p-≤t- I-cfw h≥hn- ] - W n- b mbn amdp- ∂ p- s h- ∂ Xv Bscbpw Aº-c∏ - n-°pw. Cu {]Xn-`m-

k-Øns‚ Imcy-Im-cW - ß - f - n-te°p IS°pw-apºv "{UKv I¨t{Smƒ' Fs¥-∂dn-bW - w.

Huj-[-\n-b-{¥-Ww acp-∂p-If - nse A]m-IX - I - ƒ P\Øns‚ Btcm-Ky-Øn\p `oj-Wn-bm-Ipw. acp-∂p-If - psS {]h¿Ø-\w, Ah-bpsS \n¿-amWw XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßf - psS kmt¶Xn-I-hiw P\--ßsf ]Tn-∏n®v _p≤n]q¿hw acp-∂p-]t- bm-Kn-°m≥ {]m]vXc - m°¬ A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ia- m-W.v AXn-\m¬ `cW-Iq-Sß - ƒ Ah-bpsS kpc-£n-XX - zhpw KpW-\n-eh - m-chpw Dd-∏p-hc- p-tØ-≠X - p-≠.v CXn-\m-bp≈ \nb-aß - fpw \nb-{¥-Wk - whn-[m-\ß - fpw F√m-cm-PyØpw \S-∏m-°s∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. AXmWv "{UKv I¨tSmƒ' F∂dn-bs - ∏-Sp-∂X - .v ^e-kn≤n sXfn-bn-°s - ∏-´Xpw {]Nmc-Øn¬ h∂p-Ig- n-™X - p-am-bp≈ acp-∂pI-fpsS hni-Zmw-i-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p∂ "Huj-[t- c-JI - ƒ' (A-Yhm "^m¿Ω-t°m∏nb') AXXv cmPy-߃ ]pd-Øn-d° - p∂p-≠.v AXp-{]-Im-ca - p≈ Huj-[\ - n¿amW-amWp \njvI¿jn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. hymh-km-bn-Ia - mbn DXv]m-Zn-∏n®p hnXcWw sNøm≥ ssek≥kv hyh-ÿI - fp-≠v. Ah-bpsS KpW-\n-eh - mcw ]cntim-[n-°m≥ k¿°m¿ hn`m-K-ßfpw DtZym-Kÿ - c - p-ap-≠.v acp-∂p-Iƒ hn¬°p∂Xv ssek≥kns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - nAh-bpsS imkv{Xo-bh - iw ]Tn® ^m¿akn-Ãp-I-fpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn-em-I-Wsa∂pw hyh-ÿb - p-≠v.

11

C¥y-bnepw CtX-co-Xn-bn-emWv Huj[-\n-b-{¥W-kw-hn-[m\w cq]-I-ev]\ sNø- s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≈ - X v . Chn- s SsØ {UKvI¨t{Smƒ \nb-aß - ƒ°v cmPy-kzmX-{¥y-sØ-°mƒ ]g-°a - p≠v F∂Xpw {]kvXm-hy-am-W.v 1940-˛- A[n-\n-ba- a- mb "{UKvkv B≥Uv tImkva‰- nIvkv BIvS'v \ne-hn¬h-∂p. A\p-_‘ \nb-aß - ƒ {UKvkv B≥Uv tImkva‰ - nIvkv dqƒkv h∂Xv 1945-˛e - m-W.v {UKv I¨t{Sm-f¿ P\d-ens‚ Bÿm\w \yqsU¬ln-bm-W.v F√m kwÿm-\Øpw {UKv I¨t{Smf¿amcpw Pn√-IƒtXmdpw {UKv C≥kvs]IvS¿am-cp-ap-≠.v \ΩpsS cmPyØv BZy-Im-eØp Xt±iob NnIn-’m-k{- º-Zm-bß - f - nse ({][m\-ambpw Bbp¿thZw) Huj-[ß - ƒ \nb{¥-Wa- n-√msX A\p-hZ- n-°s - ∏-´ncp-∂p. ]gb-X-e-ap-d-bpsS ImeØv sshZy-∑m¿ t\cn´p acp-∂p-≠m°n tcmKn°p \¬Ip∂ coXn-bm-bn-cp-∂t- √m. B[p-\nI {U§p-IfpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v Bbp¿th-Za- c- p-∂p-Ifpw hymh-km-bnI DXv]m-Z-\-Øn-te°p \oßn. Acn-jT v m-kh - ß - f - n¬ B¬°tlm-fns‚ Awiw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. CXns‚ ad-]n-Sn®v Nne¿ Icp-Xn-°q´n elcn tN¿Øp hn¬°p-hm-\m-cw-`n-®p.

AtXmsS Bbp¿th-ZØ - nepw \nb-{¥Ww thW-sa∂ ÿnXn-bm-bn. 1964˛se \nba-t`-ZK - X - n-{]-Imcw Bbp¿thZ Huj-[ßfpw {UKvkv I¨t{Sm-fn\p Iogn¬

h∂p. {UKvkv B≥Uv tImkvsa-‰nIvkv dqƒkn¬ A[ymbw IV-A- bn¬ Bbp¿thZ-˛k - n-≤˛- b - p-\m\n acp-∂p-I-fpsS DXv]mZ-\hpw hnX-c-Whpw kw_-‘n®v \nba-߃ t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]c-ºc - m-KX k{º-Zm-bß - fnse acp-∂pI-fnse ambw tN¿°¬ (adulteration), sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ \maw (misbranding), I≈-t®-cp-h-I-Iƒ (spurious drug) Ch-sb-°p-dn®v hy‡-ambn \n¿h-Nn-®n´p- ≠ v . CØcw Imcy- ß ƒ°p≈ in£bpw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ {UKv I¨t{Sm-fd - psS Iogn¬ Bbp¿th-Z-Øn\p {]tXyI sU]yq´n {UKv I¨t{Sm-fd - p-≠v. Pn√IƒtXmdpw {]tXyI {UKv C≥kvs]IvS¿am-cpw. ]mc-ºc - y-ac - p-∂p-Iƒ {]Ir-Xn-hk - X v p°-fpsS kØp-If - m-Wpƒs°m-≈p-∂X - .v \n›nX cmk-hk - vXp-°f - √ - . AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ DXv]∂w ]cn-tim-[n®p KpW\n-eh - mcw \n›-bn-°p-hm≥ {]mtbm-KnI _p≤n-ap-´p-≠.v Bbp¿th-ZØ - n¬ \n¿amW-L´- Ø - n-ep≈ "\√ \S-∏p-Iƒ' (Good Manufacturing Practice-GMP) BWp \njvI¿jn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v. Bbp¿thZw ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°n-bp≈ am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂pIƒ {UKv I¨t{Smƒ kwhn-[m-\Ø - neqsS IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb-∂-dnbm≥ ]pXnb acp-∂p-Iƒ°p≈ \nb-aß-sf-s¥∂p a\- n-em-t°-≠X - p-≠v.

Bbp¿th-Z-Øns‚ Nne Huj-[-°q-´p-Iƒ Xnc-s™Sp-°p-I, ]ns∂ Dev]m-Z-I-\p-am{Xw Adn-bm-hp∂ Nne tNcp-h-Ifpw Iq´n Hcp "tImw_n-t\-j≥' D≠m-°p-I. kaq-l-Øn¬ Gsdt∏sc Ae-´p∂ GsX-¶nepw Akp-J-Øn-\p≈ ssII≠ {]Xn-hn-[n-bm-sW∂p ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. hc-´p-sNm-dn-ap-X¬ Ij-≠nbpw FbvUvkpw hsc F¥p-amImw! ]{X-Ønepw Snhn-bn-ep-sams° BI¿j-Wo-b-amb ]ckyw \¬In sIm≈-hn-ebv°p acp∂phn-ev°p-I.

12

]pXnba-cp-∂p-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ ^m¿Ω-t°m-∏n-bb - nse acp-∂p-If - psS DXv]m-Z\ - hpw hnX-cW - hpw \nb-{¥n-°emWp {UKv I¨t{Smƒ kwhn-[m-\Øns‚ [¿aw. ^m¿Ω-t°m-fP - n-sb∂ imkv{X-im-J, ]t£, \nc-¥cw hnIkn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \ne-hn-ep≈ acp∂p-Iƒ°p anI® _Z-ep-Ifpw ]pXnb tcmK-߃°p≈ ]pXnb acp-∂p-Ifpw Is≠- Ø - s ∏- ´ p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.

CXns‚ {]tbm-P\w P\-߃°p e`yam-°m-≥ Ah DXv]m-Zn-∏n®p hnX-cWw sNøm≥ \n¿am-Xm-°sf A\p-hZ- n-°Ww. AtX-ka - bw ]pXnb acp∂p ^e{]-Za - m-tWm-sb-∂d - n-bp-∂X - ns‚ sXfnhp tNmZn-t°-≠Xv Huj-[\ - n-b{- ¥-WØ - n\v Bh- i y- h p- a m- W v . A√m- Ø - ] £w ]pXnb acp-s∂∂ t]cn¬ ssek≥sk-SpØv F¥pw hn‰v P\-ß-fpsS BtcmKyw ]¥mSn sIm≈- e m`w sImøp∂ Ahÿ ht∂-°mw. \ne-hn-en-√mØ ]pXnb acp-∂mWv (A- s √- ¶ n¬ \ne- h n- e p≈hbpsS ]pXnb k¶-ctam cq]-tam) hn¬t°-≠sX-¶n¬ AXns‚ ^e-kn≤n (Efficacy) bpsS tcJ-Iƒ {UKv I¨t{Sm-f¿°p ka¿∏n-t°-≠X - m-W.v BZyw acp-∂ns‚ tZmj-߃ t\m°n kpc-£n-X-tUmkv \n›-bn-°-Ww. ]ns∂ acp∂v GX-kpJ-Øn-\mWv Dt±-in-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, B AkpJw amdp-sa∂p sXfn-bn-°Ww. CXn-\mbn A¥¿tZ-io-bX - e - Ø - nAwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏´ ]co-£W - ] - c - º - c - I - fp-≠v. arK-ß-fn¬ ]co-£n®p Xr]vXns∏´ tijw a\p-jy-cn¬ aq∂p L´-ßfn-embn "¢n\n-°¬ {Sb¬' sNbvXn-´pthWw acp-∂ns‚ ^e-kn≤n \n›-bn°p-hm≥. Btdm Gtgm h¿j-ß-sf-Sp°p-s∂mcp {]{In-b-bm-WnXv. `oa-amb sNe-hp-hcpw (ÿ-e] - c - n-an-Xn-Im-cW - w- hni-Zmw-iß - ƒ Hgn-hm-°p-Ib - m-W)v .

CXv B[p-\nI {U§p-Iƒ \ΩpsS \m´n¬ hn¬°m-\\ - p-hZ- n-°p∂ Imcyw.

Bbp¿th-Z-Ønse ]pØ≥ acp-∂p-IfpsS Imcytam? kl-{k-tbmKw XpSßn {]i-kvX-amb Bbp¿th-Z-{K-Ÿ-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv Bbp¿th-Z^m¿a-t°m-^nb cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ChnsS e`y-amb kIe kkye-Xm-ZnIfpw ]cm-a¿in-°s - ∏-´p-Ig- n™Xn\mXnI®pw auen-I-am-sbmcp ]pØ≥ Huj-[-Øn\p ÿm\w Iev]n-°-s∏-´n´n-√. AtX-ka - bw hnhn[ sshZy-im-eIƒ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ Huj-[-tbm-Kßsf Aev]k - zev]w t`Z-KX - n-It- fm-sSbmWv \n¿an-°m-dp-≈-Xv. Bbp¿thZ {UKv I¨t{Sm-fn¬ Cu hyXn-bm-\ß - ƒ AwKo-I-cn®p sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. hyXykvX-amb \n¿am-W-am-sW-¶n¬ AXp BKÃv 2011

s{]mss{]‰dn acp-∂mbn IW-°m-°s - ∏Spw. FIvsskkv Xocph IqSp-X-embn \¬I-Ws - a∂p am{Xw. ]mc-ºcy sshZy-Øn\pw AXp-]P - ohn®p Imem-bm-]\w \S-Øp-∂h - ¿°pw lm\n X´m-Xn-cn-°m≥ \evI-s∏´ Cu ]gpXv Xpc∂v Xpc∂v h≥I-hm-S-am°n am‰n-bmWv ]pØ≥ am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-Iƒ tIc-fo-bc - psS ap∂n-te°p ssP{X-bm{X \S-Øn-bX - .v

Bbp¿thZw F∂ ]gpXv {UKv I¨t{Sm-fnse Bbp¿thZ s{]mss{]-‰dn acp-∂ns‚ NphSv ]nSn®mWv am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-Iƒ ChnsS {]hln-®X - v. Bbp¿th-ZØ - ns‚ Nne Huj[-°q-´p-Iƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I, ]ns∂ Dev]m-Z-I-\p-am{Xw Adn-bm-hp∂ Nne tNcp-hI - fpw Iq´n Hcp "tImw_n-t\-j≥' D≠m-°p-I. kaq-l-Øn¬ Gsdt∏sc Ae-´p∂ GsX-¶nepw Akp-J-Øn\p≈ ssII≠ {]Xn-hn-[n-bm-sW∂p ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. hc-´p-sNm-dn-ap-XIj-≠nbpw FbvUvkpw hsc F¥pamImw! ]{X-Ønepw Snhn-bn-ep-sams° BI¿j-Wo-b-amb ]ckyw \¬In sIm≈-hn-ebv°p acp-∂phn-ev°p-I. Imin´p Imip-hm-cm\p≈ h≥ _nkn\kv km[y-Xb - mWv am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂pIƒ Xpd-∂p-Xc - p-∂X - v.

Cu acp- s ∂ms° ^en- ° ptam, AXn-\p-\n¿am-Xm-hns‚ Iøn¬ F¥psX-fn-hp≠v, acp-∂n¬ ^e-kn-≤n-°mbn GsX-¶nepw cmk-h-kvXpthm DtØ-PItam tN¿Øn-´pt≠m, XpS-ßnb Imcy߃ At\z-jn-°m-\p≈ Ah-t_m[w s]mXp-P\ - Ø - n-\n-√. Bbp¿th-Zh - n-⁄m\-Øns‚ Bg-°-S-en¬ \n∂p apßnsb-SpØ apØmWo acp∂v F∂pw a‰pw X´n-hn-´m¬ P\w hngp-ßn-t°m-fpw. ]mcº-cy-tØmSp Ihn™ aaX (kz¥w Btcm-Ky-tØ-°mƒ!) ImØp kq£n°p-∂h - c - mWv \Ωƒ. cmk-LS- I - ß - s - f°p-dn®v IrXy-am-bd- n-bm-hp∂ imkv{Xob ]T-\ß - f - n-eqsS kpc-£n-Xt- Umkv \n›bn-°s - ∏´ B[p-\nI {UKp-Iƒ ISpØ ]m¿iz- ^ - e - a p≈ hnj- a - c p- ∂ p- I fmsW∂pw Hcp ]cn-tim-[-\bpw \SØmØ, \qdp-IW - ° - n\v B¬°-tem-bnUp-Ifp≈ Bbp¿th-Z-I-jmbw ]cn]q¿Wkpc-£n-X-am-sW∂pw \Ωƒ _e-ambn hmZn-°p-∂p. Bbp¿th-Za - c - p∂p-I-fn¬ B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øn\p Is≠-Øm≥ ]‰mØ Nne Znhy-kn-≤nIƒ Hfn-™n-cn-∏p-s≠∂pw hniz-kn-®pt]m-cp-∂p.

Aß-s\, hnizm-k-ß-fpsS Smdn´p an\p°n \Ωƒ Xs∂ am{¥n-I-a-cp-∂pIƒ°p cmP-]mX Hcp-°p-∂p. Bbp¿th-Z-Øn\p \S-∏m-°nb kvs]jyimkv{X-KXn

{UKv I¨t{Smƒ acp-s∂∂ t]cnF¥pw Ac-®p-cp´n hn¬°p-∂-Xns\ t]dm-\p≈ cY-ambn amdp-∂p.

IqSp-X¬ ]gp-Xp-Iƒ C\n h√-hcpw acp∂v Bbp¿thZ ^m¿a-t°m-∏n-b-bn¬ C√-t√m-sb∂p ]cm-Xn-s∏-´mepw Hgn-hp-I-gn-hp-≠v. ]cº-cm-KX Bbp¿th-ZsØ (B-Zn-hmkn t^m¿ap-ebpw BImw) B[m-ca - m-°n-bp≈-Xm-sW-∂mhpw hmZw. am{¥n-I-a-cp∂nse Nne tNcp-h-I-sf-¶nepw GsX¶nepw Huj-[t- bm-KØ - n¬ k∂n-ln-Xam- b n- c n- ° pw. AXp ^en- ° p- s a∂v BNm- c y≥ ]d- s ™- ¶ n¬ CXpw ^en°pw! am{¥n-I-a-cp-∂ns‚ em_-d-´dn ]cntim-[\ k¿´n-^n-°‰v thW-sa∂v GsX¶nepw "Xe-Xn-cn™' DtZym-Kÿ - ≥ iTn®m-tem. AXn-\p-ap≠v t]mwh-gn. FenI-fn¬ ]co-£Ww \S-Øp∂ GsX¶nepw ^m¿a-t°m-fPn em_n¬ acp∂v \¬In AXns‚ kØ IpØn-h®v Fen Nmhp∂ ]c-am-h[n tUmkp Is≠Øp∂ LD 50 sSÃv \S-Øpw. acp∂v

a\p-jy\v kpc-£n-Xa - m-sW-∂mhpw ]co£-W-^-ew. CXns‚ k¿´n-^n-°‰v h®mWv Bkvflbv°pw Ij-≠nbv°pw ssewKnI _e-lo-\-Xbv°pw "]co£n®p sXfn-bn® acp∂v' F∂ AhIm-ih - mZw ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv! CØcw Xmt¥m-∂n-Ø-c-ß-fn{UKv I¨t{Sm-f¿°v CS-s]´p IqtSsb∂v tNmZyw hcmw. ]s£, \nb-a-{]Imcw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ s{]mss{]-‰dn acp-∂ns‚ ssek≥kn-\mWv \n¿amXmhv At]-£n-®-Xmbn ImWp-I. acp∂n¬ Nmcm-btam kwc-£nX h\-hn-`htam k∂n-ln-Xa - m-bn-´n-s√-∂p-d∏ - m-°pI, KpUv am\p-^m-IvN-dnßv {]mIvSokv {]Im-ca - mtWm \n¿an-®s - X∂p t\m°pI, IwÃkv Xocph ASt®m F∂p ]cntim-[n-°pI XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-Wt√m DtZym-Kÿ - s‚ Npa-Xe - . a‰p Imcy-߃ At\z-jn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Bsc-¶nepw tcJm-aqew ]cmXn sImSp-°W - w. C\n, ]cm-Xn-sb-gp-Xn-s°m-SpØv am{¥n-I-a-cp∂p-Im-cs\ IpSp-°m-sa∂v Bsc-¶nepw Icp-Xp-Ibm-sW-¶n-eXp auVy-am-Wv.

13

ImcWw Ahn- s Sbpw \nb- a - Ø n[mcmfw ]gp-Xp-≠v.

{U§v B‚ v amPnIv sda-Uokv BIvSv am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-If - psS A\m-im-kyamb ]c-ky-ßsf XSp-°m≥ \nb-as - am∂p-an-t√-sb∂p tNmZn-®m¬, Ac-\q-‰m≠n\p apºp-Xs∂ AXn-\p≈ A[n\n-baw (Act) Dhn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

AXmWv amPnIv sda-Uokv BIvSv. 1954˛se ]cn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ cq]-amWv Ct∏mgpw \ne-hn-ep-≈Xv (H-_vP-£-\_nƒ AUz¿ssS-kvsa‚ v F∂ ]c-ky\n-b{- ¥-WØ - n-\p≈ `mKw IqSn AXntN¿Øn-´p-≠)v . tcmK-im-¥n-°mbn B`nNm-c{- In-bI - tfm Ge- p-Itfm sXfn-bn°-s∏-SmØ acp-∂p-Itfm {]tbm-Kn-°p∂-Xn-s\bpw AXp ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-s\bpw Ip‰-I-c-am-bn-´mWv \n¿h-Nn®n-cn-°p-∂X - .v tcmK-im-¥n-°m-bp≈ AhIm-ia - p-∂b - n-®m¬ \nb-ae - w-L\ - a - m-Ip∂ 54 Akp-Jß - fpw (B-kvXva, {]ta-lw, h‘y- X , ssewKn- I - _ - e - l o- \ - X , kv{Xotcm-Kß - ƒ... F∂n-ßs - \) AXn\evIn-bn-´p-≠v.

IuXp-I-I-c-sa∂p ]d-bmw-˛-tI-c-fØn¬ Hcp Zi-I-Øn-\n-∏pdw {]N-cn-∏n°-s∏´ F√m am{¥n-I-a-cp-∂p-Ifpw amPnIv sda-Uokv BIvSns\ \·-ambn ewLn-°p-∂p. F∂n´pw Hcp Ip™pt]mepw in£n-°s - ∏-´n-´n-√. F¥p-sIm-

14

s≠-t∂m, BIvSn¬ ]d™ Akp-J߃s°√mw Bbp¿th- Z - Ø nNnIn’ ]d- ™ n- ´ p≠v (A- k pJw amdptam C√tbm F∂p ]d-™n-´n-s√¶n-epw). Ahn-sS-bmWv Bbp¿th-ZØns‚ ]n≥]‰n am{¥n-Ia - c - p-∂p-≠m-°p∂- X ns‚ hnP- b w. Bbp¿thZ s{]mss{]‰dn acp-∂mbn ssek≥skSp-Øm¬ amPnIv sda-Uokv BIvSv hgnamdpw!

C\n, amPnIv sda-Uokv BIvSv a‰p am{¥n- I - N n- I n’I¿ ewLn- ® mepw Ahsc DS-\Sn Is≠-Ømt\m ]nSn-IqSmt\m D≈ ^e-{]-Za - mb kwhn-[m-\a - n√. am{¥nI Ge pw NmØ≥tk-hb - psams° \ntXy\ ]ckyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ \mSmWv tIc-fw. \nbaw \S-∏m-°p-∂h¿ AXp I≠n-s√∂p \Sn-°p-∂Xv A¤p-XI - c - a - m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

G‰-hp-amZyw Xncn-®-dn-tb≠-Xv, Bbp¿th-Z-Øns‚ ad-]‰n kaq-lsØ hnUvVn-I-fm°p∂ X{¥am-Wv. CXns\ s]mfn-s®gp-Xm≥ Bbp¿th-Z-cw-KØp-≈-h¿ Xs∂ apt∂m´p-h-c-Ww. Bbp¿th-ZØns‚ ]pXnb Is≠ج F∂ a´n¬ Bsc¶nepw AXn-cp-I-S∂ AhIm-i-hm-Z-hp-ambn hcptºmƒ, Bbp¿thZ Adn- ]cn-lm-c-am¿K-߃ DS-\Sn Hcp \nb-{¥Ww km[y-a√ - mhp-Iƒ h®v Aß-s\Øh n[w am{¥nI a c p∂ pI ƒ \ΩpsS sbm∂v km[y-amkaq-lsØ {Kkn®p Ign-™p-sh∂ tWmsb∂p ]cn-tim-[nkXyw Xncn-®d- n-bW - w. Ime-ßf - mbn \mw °-Ww Xpd-∂n´ ]gp-Xp-Iƒ CXn-\Iw em`s°m-Xn-b∑ - m-cmb H´-Iß - ƒ°p IS-∂pt]m-Im≥ ]mI-Øn¬ hnI-kn®p Ign™n-cn-°p-∂p. Bkq-{Xn-Xa - mb I¿a-]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS ]Sn-]-Sn-bm-bp≈ ]cn-lmc-km-[yXtb ap∂n-ep-≈q.

G‰- h p- a mZyw Xncn- ® - d n- t b- ≠ - X v , Bbp¿th-ZØ - ns‚ ad-]‰n kaq-lsØ hnUvVn-If - m°p∂ X{¥-am-W.v CXns\ s]mfn-s®-gp-Xm≥ Bbp¿th-Zc - w-KØ - p-≈h¿ Xs∂ apt∂m-´p-hc - W - w. Bbp¿thZ-Øns‚ ]pXnb Is≠-ج F∂ a´n¬ Bsc-¶nepw AXn-cp-I-S∂ AhIm- i - h m- Z - h p- a mbn hcp- t ºmƒ, Bbp¿thZ Adn-hp-Iƒ h®v Aß-s\sbm∂v km[y-am-tWmsb∂p ]cn-tim[n-°-Ww. AXp-t]mse s{]mss{]-‰dn Bbp¿thZ acp-∂p-Iƒ°v ^e-kn-≤nsX-fn-bn-°¬ (¢n-\n-°¬ {Sb¬ hgn) \n¿_-‘-am-°-Ww. H∏w, ssek≥kv e`n® acp-∂p-I-fpsS ]c-ky-߃ ]cntim-[n-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-°Ww. Ct∏mƒ amPnIv sda- U okv BIvSn¬ A®Sn am[y-ata s]Sp-∂p-≈q. sSen-hn-j\ - nepw C‚¿s\-‰nepw am{¥nI-ac - p-∂p-]c - k - y-߃ XI¿°p-Ib - m-Wv. Ah-IqSn \nb-aØ - ns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcWw. hntZ-i-Ip-Ø-I-I-fpsS s\dn-sI´ Huj-[h - n-e] v \ - sb FXn¿Øv {]Xn-tj[-ap-t∂-‰ß - f - p-ambn \S∂ tIc-fØ - nse ]ptcm-Ka- \ P\-Iob {]ÿm-\ß - ƒ Cu am{¥n-I-a-cp-∂p-ssh-Xm-fn-I¿s°-Xnsc cwK-Øn-dß - m≥ sshIn. BKÃv 2011

Ih¿tÃmdn tUm. Sn. Pb-Ir-jvW≥

hymP Huj[]c-ky-ßfpw

tIc-fhpw a\p-jys‚ ssewKn-I-X-bpw, kuμ-cy-h¿≤-\-hn-\p-ap≈ B{K-l-߃ NqjWw sNbvXv kmº-ØnI em`w D≠m-°pI am{X-amWv CØcw \n¿am-Xm-°-fpsS e£yw˛C-Øcw imkv{Xo-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-an-√mØ ]c-ky-߃ \ntcm-[n-°m-\pw, k¿°m-cp-Iƒ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øm\pw Xnc-kvI-cn-°m≥ ]{X-˛-Nm-\¬ DS-a-Isf t{]cn-∏n-°m-\pw, he-bn¬ IpSp-ßm-Xn-cn-°m≥ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf t_m[-h-XvI-cn°m\pw BtcmKy {]h¿Ø-I¿ {iaw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Cs√-¶n¬ aZy-tØmsSm∏w ""Iman-emcn'' Ign®v Icƒ kpc-£n-X-am-sW∂ hymtP\ tIc-fo-b-cpsS Btcm-Ky-hpw, kºm-Zyhpw A]-IS \ne-bn-se-Ømw

]pØ≥ kmº-Øn-I˛- D- Z- m-ch- X- Iv c- W \b-߃ Ign™ Ipd-®p-h¿j-߃°p≈n¬ temI-ØmsI P\-ßf - psS PohnX-tØbpw Nn¥-Is - fbpw Itºm-fh - X - I v cn-®n-´p-≠v. GXp-h-gn-bnepw AXn¿ØnI-fn-√msX [\w kºm-Zn-°p-I, hym]mc-Øn¬ [m¿an-IX C√msX em`-ap-≠m°pI (Nn-In-’-bm-bm-epw) F∂pw PohnXw {]mb- t `- Z - a n- √ msX, \nb{¥Wan√mØ Bk-‡n-Iƒ - \nd-th‰n kpJw tXSpI F∂p-am-bn-´p-≠v. Cu kml-Nc - y-Øn¬ ]{X-˛C - e - I - vt{Sm-Wn-Iv˛-C‚¿s\‰v Ch-If - n-eq-sS-bp≈ h≥ ]cky- ß - f psS ]n¥p- W - t bm- s S- b p≈ imkv{X-KXn

Huj[ KpW-an-√mØ DtØ-P\ acp∂p-I-fp-sS-bpw, kuμcy kwh¿≤I hkvXp-°f - p-sSbpw then-tb-‰Ø - n-emWv tIc-f-an-t∏mƒ. i‡-amb Bbp¿thZ ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Kƒ^v-˛-hn-tZi hym]mc _‘-ß-fp-sS-bpw, C‚¿s\‰v hgn-bp≈ t\cn-´p≈ am¿°-‰nw-Kp-I-fptSbpw ]n≥_-eØ - n¬ ]pd-Øn-d° - s - ∏Sp∂ BtcmKy {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - ß - f - psS ]c-ky- t]-Pp-Ifn¬ h¿W-\n-d-hn-epw s]cp- I p∂ "dnbm- e n‰n'tjmI- f psS kvt]m¨k¿am-cmbpw {]Xy-£-s∏´v CØ-cØ - n-ep≈ DXv]∂ - ß - fpw \n¿amXm-°fpw "Xmc-߃' Bbn hmgp-I-bm-

Wv. Xß-fpsS DXv]∂ - ß - ƒ°v hn]Wn Is≠-Øm≥ Ch¿ ""ico-c, Xz°v˛- t- Ii'' kuμ- c y- a ’- c - ß - t fbpw ""tamUepI''tfbpw hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Drugs & Cosmetic Act (1940), Drugs & Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement Act) 1954 {]Im-chpw Ch-bn¬

an°Xpw \ntcm-[n-°m-hp-∂X - pw, \n¿amXm-°sf in£n-°m-hp-∂X - p-am-Wv. Cosmetics- (ku-μcy kwh¿≤-Ih-kX v p-°ƒ)˛ icocw ip≤o-Ic - n-°m-t\m (cleansing), kuμcyw h¿[n-∏n-°m-t\m, BI¿j-I-am-°m-t\m, Appearance (a‰p≈hsc tXm∂n-∏n-°m-t\m) am‰mt\m

15

Dt±-in®v ]pc-´p-I-tbm, hnX-dp-Itbm kvt{] sNøp-It- bm, Xncp-Ωp-Itbm (introduce) sNøp∂ hkvXp-°f - m-W.v CXp{]-Imcw bYm¿∞-Kp-Wß - ƒ sNømØ tImkvsa-‰nIv hkvXp-°ƒ \n¿an-°p-∂Xpw, hym]mcw sNøp-∂Xpw Huj-[߃ t]mse-Xs∂ in£m¿l-am-Wv. (DZm: shfp-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, sXmen-bpsS Npfn-hp-Iƒ If-bp-∂-Xv) {]mbw Ipdbp-∂Xv XpS-ßn-bh {]kvXm-hn®v te_en¬ tN¿Øv KpWw e`n-°p-∂n-s√¶n¬) C√mØ KpWw {]N-cn-∏n®/ {]kvXm-hn®v acp-∂p-I-tfm, kuμcy h¿[I hkvXp-°tfm hym]mcw sNøp∂Xpw in£m¿l- a m- W v . IqSmsX am{¥nI NnIn-’I - f - mb a{¥w, Ih-Nw, IqtSm-{Xw, b{¥-߃ Ch \S-Øp-∂Xpw, {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw C¥y-bn\nb- a - { ]- I mcw in£m¿l- a m- W v . ssewKnI i‡n Iq´m-\pw, k¥m-\-e_v[n-°pw, NnIn-’-bn-√mØ tcmK߃°v ]ckyw \¬Ip- ∂ - X pw, tUmIvSsd I≠v X°-Xmb NnIn’ e`n-t°-≠p∂ acp-∂p-Iƒ°v ]ckyw \¬Ip-∂Xpw Drugs & Magic Remedies Act {]Imcw in£m¿l-am-Wv. B[p- \ nI NnIn- ’ - t bm- S - \ p- _ ‘n® Huj-[-߃°v temI-\n-e-hm-cØn¬ imkv{Xob ASn-ÿm-\-Øn\nb-{¥-W-ß-fpw, \ne-hm-c-ap-≈-Xn\mepw ssek≥kv In´m≥ sXfn-bn-°s∏´ ""¢n\n-°¬ {Sb-ep-Iƒ'' \S-ØW-sa-∂X - n-\m-epw, KpW-\n-eh - m-cØ - n\v ¢n]vX am\-Z-WvU-ß-fp-≈-Xn-\m-epw,

16

(quality standard)

NnIn-’n®v Xo¿Øpw am‰m≥ km[y-a-√mØ FbvUvkv, BkvXvam XpSßnb tcmK-߃°v acp∂p-Iƒ \n¿an®v ]ckyw sNøp-∂Xv in£m¿l-amWv. sIm®n-bnse aPoZv F∂ hy‡n-bpsS DS-aÿ-X-bn-ep≈ s^b¿ ^m¿a F∂ ÿm]\w "FbvUvkn\v NnIn’' F∂ hº≥ ]c-ky-߃ \¬In Immuno Q.R F∂ acp∂v \n¿an®v hym]mcw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. 2002 s^{_p-hcn 22 kp{]owtIm-SXn CXn\v \ntcm[\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmtg°pw \n¿am-Xmhv tIcf-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hcp-am\ \nIpXn sImSp-°p∂ ÿm]-\Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂m-bn-cp∂p hm¿Ø

tUmIv S ¿am- c psS {]nkv{In-]vj-\p-Iƒ°p-a-∏pdw {]Nm-cW- Ø n\v ]cn- [ n- I - f p- ≠ v. adn®v Bbp¿th-Z, bp\m\n acp-∂p-Iƒ°v ssek≥kv e`n-°p-hm≥ "¢n\n-°]co- £ - W - ß - f psS' sXfnhv th≠mØXn-\mepw ""]pcm-X\ {KŸ ]cm-a¿i-߃'' aXn-sb∂ ]n≥_-eØn¬ Huj-[-KpWw imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw hmPo-Ic - W - Ø - ns‚-bpw, ssewKnI i‡n-bp-sS-bpw, tIi-˛-XzIv kuμ-cy-Øn-\pw, ico-c-hSn-hn\pw, (X-Sn-°m-\pw-˛-sa-en-bm-\pw) am¿°‰v sNbvXv P\-ßf - psS "Ioi-Iƒ' Imen-bm-°p∂ {]h-W-X-Iƒ IqSn-h-cnI-bm-W.v C¥y-bn¬ D]-t`mK kwkvImc-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn¬s∏´ tIc-fo-bc - mWv IqSp-Xepw CXns‚ NXn-°p-gn-I-fnhoWv t]mhp-∂-Xv. HutZym-KnI tcJ-Iƒ{]-Imcw C¥ybnse {]Xn-h¿j Bbp¿thZ Huj[ hym]mcw 4205 tImSn cq]-bp-tSXpw 440 tImSn Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bp-tS-Xp-am-Wv. tIcf Bbp¿thZ {UKv I¨t{Sm-fd - psS tcJ{]-Imcw kwÿm-\Øv 1400 Hmfw DXv]mZ\ bqWn-‰p-Iƒ {]h¿Øn®v hcp-∂p≠v. 400 tImSn hm¿jnI hcp-am-\a - p≈ CXn¬ 60 tImSn Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬\n∂v e`n-°p-∂X - m-Wv. *NnIn- ’ n®v Xo¿Øpw am‰m≥ km[y-a-√mØ FbvUvkv, BkvXvam XpS-ßnb tcmK-߃°v acp-∂p-Iƒ \n¿an®v ]ckyw sNøp-∂Xv in£m¿lam-W.v sIm®n-bnse aPoZv F∂ hy‡nbpsS DS-aÿ - X - b - n-ep≈ s^b¿ ^m¿a (Fair Farma) F∂ ÿm]\w "FbvUvkn\v NnIn’' F∂ hº≥ ]c- k y- ß ƒ \¬In Immuno Q.R (CΩyqtWm Q.R) F∂ acp∂v \n¿an®v hym]mcw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. 2002 s^{_phcn 22 kp{]ow-tIm-SXn CXn\v \ntcm[\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-tºm-tg°pw \n¿amXmhv tIc-f-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-Xhcp-am\ \nIpXn sImSp-°p∂ ÿm]\-Øns‚ DS-ab - m-bn-cp∂p F∂m-bn-cp∂p hm¿Ø. *Cony bio Health Care F∂ ÿm]\w D]-t`m-‡m-°f - p-ambn t\cn´v hn]- W - \ - Ø n- e qsS Xe- t h- Z - \ bv ° v k¨sj-bU v p-If - pw, hb-‰n¬ Ak-nUn‰n°v Imen¬ [cn-°m≥ tkmIvkp-Ifpw, IgpØv thZ-\-bv°v-˛-X-e-bnW DdI-fpw, Xf¿®bv°v (Paralysis) s_Uvjo‰p-I-fpw, kvX\ Im≥k¿ hcm-Xn-cn°m≥ [cn- ° m≥ t{_kn- b - d p- I fpw cmPym-¥c - a - mbn hn]-W\w sNbvXv P\ßsf hnUvVnI-fm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. CXns\ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v tIc-f-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ Leelaj Herbal Care F∂ ÿm]\w 499 BKÃv 2011

cq] CuSm°n eoePv sl¿_¬ XebnW hn]-W\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. hb-ºv, cma-®w, It®m-ew, Bcy-th∏v XpS-ßnb acp-∂p-I-fpsS ksØ-SpØv Xcn cq]Øn-em°n D≠m-°p∂ ""tIm´¨'' Xeb-Wb - m-Wn-sX∂pw CXp-]t- bm-Kn®mtcmK {]Xn- t cm- [ - i ‡n h¿≤n- ° psa∂pw ]d-bp-∂p-. -X-e-bnW tcmK-{]Xn-tcm[ i‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂Xv FhnsS-sb-¶nepw imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn°-s∏´ hkvXp-X-b-√. CXn\v ""hnX-cW-°m¿ Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂p'' ]d™p {]apJ ]{X- ß - f n¬ ]c- k y- ß fpw \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. * Ip∂Øv ^m¿a-kyq-´n-°¬kv \n¿an®v temI-Øm-I-am\w hym]mcw sNø-p∂ “Muslipower Xtra” F∂ acp∂v \nb-ae - w-L\w \SØn sX‰mb hnhcw te_- e n¬ \¬In- s b- ∂ - X n- s ‚- b pw, ssewKnI DtØ-P-\-Øn-\p≈ Ignhv sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´n-´n-s√-∂p-ap≈ hkvXpX-I-fpsS t]cn¬ 2011 G{]n¬ amkamZyw A[n-Ir-X¿ acp-∂ns‚ DXv]m-Z\-hpw, hym]m-chpw tIc-fØ - n¬ \ntcm[n- ® n- c p- ∂ p. Muslipower-Xtra bntN¿°m-\p≈ ssek≥kv In´n-bn-´p≈Xv "\ne-∏\'bmsW∂pw AXn-\p-]Icw ""kt^Zv a…n'' (Safed Musli) bmWv tN¿Øn- ´ p- ≈ - s X∂pw acp- ∂ n\v \n¿amW A\p-aXn e`n-°p∂ ka-bØv Cu LSIw ""C¥y≥ ^m¿a-t°m-∏n-bbn¬'' Dƒs∏- S p- ∂ - { X- b ns√- ∂ pw, t]mcmsX Cu acp∂v ip≤o-Ic - n-°msX tN¿°p-∂X - n\v Hcn-°epw A\p-aX - n-bns√-∂p-amWv dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ. t]mcmsX U¬ln C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v ^m¿a-kyq´n-°¬ kb≥kv \S-Ønb ]cn-tim-[\-bn¬ Muslipower s‚ MP/058/09 batch \º-dn¬ s]´ Kpfn-I-I-fn¬ “Sildenofil” s‚ (tam-tU¨ Huj-[-im-J-bnse ssewKnI DtØ-P\ Huj-[w) Awi߃ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. tIc- f - Ø n- \ p- ] p- d Øpw Cu ""hymP Huj[w'' I®-hSw sNbvXp-≠m-°nb kº-Øp-sIm≠v At\Iw ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ (Sports, Arts) ""kvt]m¨k¿'' sNbvXv ]c-ky-߃ \¬In hym]mcw hnI-kn∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ae-bm-fØnse {][m\ Nm\-ep-If - nse CXns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ ]c-ky-hm-NIw ""hymP-cnh©n- X - c m- I msX te_¬ t\m°n hmßn IpSpw-_-Ønse Btcm-Kyhpw kt¥m-jhpw h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\m-W'v '. (kmº-ØnI ]n≥_-e-Øn¬) DSa \ntcm[-\-Øn\v XXvImew tà hmßn-sb∂mWv Adn-hv. "tÃ' In´n-sb-¶nepw ""bmYm¿∞yw'' amdp-∂n-√. sshZy Kthj-W-Øn¬ bmsXmcp tbmKy-X-bp-an√mØ k∂≤ kwL-S-\-sb-s°m≠v imkv{X-KXn

Ip∂Øv ^m¿a-kyq-´n°¬kv \n¿an®v temIØm-I-am\w hym]mcw sNø-p∂ “Muslipower Xtra” F∂ acp∂v \nb-aew-L\w \SØn sX‰mb hnhcw te_-en¬ \¬Insb-∂-Xn-s‚-bpw, ssewKnI DtØ-P-\-Øn\p≈ Ignhv sXfn-bn-°s∏-´n-´n-s√-∂p-ap≈ hkvXp-X-I-fpsS t]cn2011 G{]n¬ amk-amZyw A[n-Ir-X¿ acp-∂ns‚ DXv]m-Z-\-hpw, hym]mchpw tIc-f-Øn¬ \ntcm[n-®n-cp-∂p

""FbvUvkv tcmKn-I-fn¬ ¢n\n-°{Sb¬ \SØn Muslipower Ah-cpsS CD4-Count Iq´p-sa∂v ({]Xn-tcm[ tImi߃) hymP dnt∏m¿´v D≠m°n FbvUvkv tcmKn-If - n¬ acp-∂ns‚ hn]W\w \S-Øm\pw CXns‚ \n¿am-Xm°ƒ {iaw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Desi-Viagra bpw CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ as‰mcp DXv]∂-am-W.v '' * Institute of Indian therapy bpsS Bbq sIb¿ F∂ ÿm]\w Xriq¿ A∂-a\Sbn-ep≈ tIcf Bbp¿thZ {UKv I¨t{Sm-fd- psS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ 2011 G{]n-en¬ sdbvUv \S-Øp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. {In°‰v Xmcw ""{ioim¥v'' tamU-em-bn´p≈ ""Bbp¿In-gn-˛I - n‰v'' F∂ DXv]∂w \nba hncp-≤a - m-bn-´mWv \n¿an-°p-∂Xpw ]ckyw \¬Ip- ∂ Xpw F∂- X mWv hmkv X - h w. ""Bbp¿Ingn˛In‰v ''s‚ Huj[ KpWw sXfn-bn-°-s∏-SmØXn\m¬ CXp-hsc ssek≥kv \¬In-bn´n- √ . AXn- \ m¬ CXns‚ ]ckyw Xs∂ Kpcp-Xc - a - mb \nb-ae - w-L\ - a - m-bn´mWv IW-°m-t°-≠-Xv. CXns‚ DS-aIƒ A[n-Ir-X¿ \¬Inb t\m´o-kpIƒs°m∂pw adp- ] Sn \¬Ip- ∂ n√ F∂mWv "Bbp¿thZ {UKv I¨t{Smf¿' \¬Ip∂ hnh-cw.

Bbp-˛-sI-b¿ Xs∂ kv{XoIƒ°mbn s^an sIbdpw ]pcp- j ∑m¿°mbn hmPn sIbdpw hn]-W\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. Iº-\n-bpsS sh_vssk‰n¬ CXn-e-S-ßnb tNcp-h-I-fpsS Hcp hnh-chpw \¬Ip-∂n-√. * icocw saen-bm-\pw, IqSp-Xe - p≈ sImgp-∏p-Isf If-bm-\p-ambn At\Iw

17

ssXe- ß ƒ te]- \ - Ø n- \ mbn hn]W\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

C°q-´Ø - n¬s∏´ ""eh-Ws - sXew'' F∂ DXv]-∂-Øn¬ ‘Rocksalt’ (C-¥p∏v) BWv {][m-\-L-S-Iw. ico-c-ØnA[nIw sImgp-∏p≈ `mKØv ]pc-´n-bXn-\p-tijw XS-hpI; 15 an\p-´p-Iƒ°ptijw NqSp sh≈-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v IgpIn-°-f-bp-I-tbm, NqSv ]nSn-°p-Itbm sNøp-I-bmWv CXns‚ D]-tbmK {Iaambn \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv. CXv D]-tbmKn-®-Xp-aqew B `mKw "Icp-hm-fn-®Xmbpw' "s]m≈n-bX - mbpw'˛ ""Ioi Imenbm-b-X-√msX icocw saen-™n√'' F∂p- a p≈ ]cm- X n- I ƒ C‚¿s\‰n¬\n∂v e`y-am-Wv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ssXe-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tUm. ]p\-ØnIp™-_vZp-≈-bpsS teJ\w {]apJ amkn-Ib - n¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n®v h∂-Xn-\ptijw I®-hSw Imcy-ambn Ipd-™Xmbn \n¿am-Xm-°ƒ ]cm-Xn-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. icn-bmb hkvXp-X-Isf adn-I-S-°m≥ CXns‚ \n¿am-Xm-°ƒ A®Sn am[y-aß-fn¬ hymP sXfn-hp-Ifpw C‚¿s\‰n¬ hymP km£n-]{- X-ßfpw \nc-ØpI-bm-W.v * tPmbn‚ v {^o˛- k - ‘ n- t h- Z - \ Iƒ°v, Vigour a…n˛ssew-KnI DtØP-\w, Diamanara-{]ta-lw, XpS-ßnb Huj- [ - ß ƒ Kth- j - W - Ø n- e qsS Is≠Øn \n¿an®p \¬Ip∂ a\mdm

18

_tbm ^m¿a (Manara Bio Pharma) bnse Kth- j - I - c psS tbmKyX Bbp¿th-Z-Ønse {Xnh-’c Untπma-bpw, k¿°m¿ Bbp¿thZ k¿hoknse {]h¿Ø\ ]cn-N-b-hp-am-Wv. Iº\n-bpsS sh_vssk-‰n¬ DXv]-∂ß-fnse Huj-[L - S- I - ß - s - f-°p-dn-t®m, \S-Ønb Kth-j-W-ß-sf-°p-dnt®m hnh-cß - f - n-√. acp∂v Ign®v tcmKw t`Zamb Ipd-®p-t]-cpsS hnh-c-߃ am{Xam-W˛-v K - t- h-jWw \SØn ]pXnb Huj[-߃ I≠p-]n-Sn®v \n¿an-°m-\p≈ ssek≥kn-\p≈ tbmKy-Xb - mbn Cu "km£y-]{- X-߃' (hym-Pa- m-Imw) temIsØm-cn-SØpw AwKo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-´n-´n-√. *tbm≤m (Yodha) F∂ ]pcp-j-∑mcnse ssewKnI i‡n-h¿≤n-∏n-°m\p≈ Huj-[-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ {]apJ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ Iptd-\m-fp-Ifmbn ]c-ky-߃ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pIbm-W.v iXm-hc - n, hb¬Np-≈n, sRcn™n¬, \mbv°p-cp-∂v, \ne-∏-\, Aap°pcw F∂o Bbp¿thZ Huj-[-ßfpsS tNcph 600 h¿jw-apºv I≠p-]nSn-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂pw ]pXnb Kth-jW-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn Ah-bpsS IqsS apcn-ß, Xm∂n, F≈v, Dgp∂v F∂nh tN¿°-s∏-´p-sh∂pw CXn¬ apcn-ßbnse Tirosine, Glicine F∂o t]mj-Ißfpw kab ssZ¿LysØ h¿[n-∏n°m≥ ]pcp-j\v i‡n-\¬Ip-∂X - mbpw

Ch¿ Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp-∂p-≠.v (b-Ym¿∞Øn¬˛ Tirosine F∂Xv Tyrosine bpw Glicine F∂Xv Glycine \pw F∂ Aant\m Bkn-Up-Ifpw (A-ant\m Aæß-fp-am-W)v . amwky-aS- ß - nb (t{]m-´o≥) `£-W-Øn¬\n∂v Ch ico-c-Øn\v e`n- ° p- ∂ - X m- W v . Cs√- ¶ n¬ ico- c Øn¬Xs∂ Ah \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv (Synthesis). Ch-I-fpsS ssewKnI DtØ-P\ i‡n imkv{Xo-ba - mbn FhntSbpw sXfn-bn-°s - ∏-´n-´n-√. Htc-ka - bw ""tbm≤m'' ]pcp-j-∑m-cn¬ kvJe-\Øns‚ kabw Iq´p-Ibpw kv{XoI-fn"cXn-aq¿®-bpsS' kabw Ipd-b° v p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂mWv ]c-ky-hm-N-Iw. Htc acp∂v Fß-s\-bmWv a\p-jy-cn(Homo Sapiens) kv{XoI-fn-epw-˛-]p-cp-j∑m-cnepw hncp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv? *{]apJ Bbp¿thZ Huj[ \n¿amXm-°f - mb ""\mKm¿Pp\ {Kq∏v'' Rc-ºpIsf DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p∂ (Nerve Stimulation) Huj-[L - S- I - ß - f - psS tNcp-hb - nBeman Capsule Iƒ ]ckyw sNbvXv hn]-W\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. \ne-hn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ hn]-W\w sNøp∂ ""imkv{Xob'' ASn-ÿm-\-an√mØXns‚ t]cn¬ {UKv C≥kvs]IvS¿am¿ ]nSn-Iq-Snb acp-∂p-I-fnNneh (tIkv Nm¿Pv sNbvX-h) *Ip∏n°v 200 cq]-bn-e-[nIw hnebp≈ Vm_¿ C¥y-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ {iotKm]m¬ ssXew (Sree Gopal Tailam).

*t^m¿´v sl¿_¬- ˛ - ] m- e - ° mSv \n¿an- ° p∂ ss{]am^n‰v (Primafit) Iym]vkq-fp-Iƒ. *thZn°v ^m¿a sIm®n \n¿an°p∂˛sl¿t_m kq{X (Herbo Suthra). *et_m-td‰v ^m¿a-kyq-´n-°¬kv-˛]m\n]Øns‚ t]cn- e p≈ Ima tKmƒUv Iym]vkq-fp-Iƒ.- (Kama Gold) F√mw ssewKnI DtØ-P\ acp-∂p-Ifm-bmWv hn]-W\w sNøp-∂X - v. a\p-jys‚ ssewKn-I-X-bpw, kuμ-cyh¿≤-\-hn-\p-ap≈ B{K-l-߃ NqjWw sNbvXv kmº-ØnI em`w D≠m-°pI am{X- a mWv CØcw \n¿am- X m- ° - f psS e£yw˛C-Øcw imkv{Xo-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-an√mØ ]c- k y- ß ƒ \ntcm- [ n- ° m- \ pw, k¿°m-cp-Iƒ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øm\pw XnckvI-cn-°m≥ ]{X-˛-Nm-\¬ DS-a-Isf t{]cn∏n-°m-\pw, he-bn¬ IpSp-ßm-Xn-cn-°m≥ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf t_m[-h-XvI-cn-°m\pw BtcmKy {]h¿Ø-I¿ {iaw \S-tØ-≠Xp-≠v. Cs√-¶n¬ aZy-tØm-sSm∏w ""Imanemcn'' Ign®v Icƒ kpc-£n-X-am-sW∂ hymtP\ tIc-fo-b-cpsS Btcm-Ky-hpw, kºm-Zyhpw A]-IS \ne-bn-se-Ømw.

BKÃv 2011

Ih¿tÃmdn B¿. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥

]c-kyw, -{]-tem-`-\w -k-Zm-Nmcw P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ \memw XqWmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ am[y-a-߃ a‰p aq∂p XqWp-I-fmb \nba \n¿am-W-k`, Imcy \n¿h-l-W-k-an-Xn, \oXn-\ymb-hn-`mKw F∂n-h-bpsS Imh-em-fmbn \n¬°p∂p F∂mWp k¶-ev]w. hm¿ØI-fn-eq-sSbpw hm¿Øm-hn-i-I-e-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw FUn-t‰m-dn-b-ep-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Hs° ]pXnb Nn¥-Iƒ DW¿Øn-s°m-≠mWv A`n-{]mb cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\p hgn hbv°p-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hfsc aqey-h-Ømb {]I-S\w ImgvN-h-bvt°≠ am[y-a-߃ kZm-Nmcw apdpsI ]nSn-t°-≠Xpw Ahiyw Bh-iy-am-W-s√m.

P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m\w hym]-Iambn \ne-hn-ep≈ h¿Ø-am-\I - me kaql-Øn¬ kmaqly ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p≈ {]{In-bb - n¬ _lp-P\ am[y-aß-fpsS ]¶v hfsc \n¿Wm-bI - a - m-Wv. P\-ßf - psS Nn¥m-KX - n-sbbpw kao]\sØbpw ImgvN-∏m-S n-s \bpw Hs° hfsc Bg-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n®v Hmtcmtcm ImenI {]iv\sØ-°p-dn®pw s]mXp-P\m- ` n- { ]mbw kzcq- ] n- ° p∂ apJy GP≥kn am[y-aß - f - m-Wv. Hcp {]Xybimkvt{Xm-]m[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ am[ya- ß ƒ \S- Ø n- s °m- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂ {]h¿Ø-\sØ Hcp-Xcw t_m[-aW - U v e-bp≤w (Psychological Warfare) Bbn´mWv km[m-cW - b - mbn hnti-jn-∏n-°mdp-≈X - v. P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\Ø - nimkv{X-KXn

\memw XqWmbn ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ am[y-a-߃ a‰p aq∂p XqWp-I-fmb \nba \n¿am-Wk - `, Imcy \n¿h-lW - k-an-Xn, \oXn-\ym-bh - n-`mKw F∂n-hb - psS Imh-em-fmbn \n¬°p∂p F∂mWp k¶-e] v w. hm¿Ø-If - n-eq-sSbpw hm¿Ømhn-iI - e - \ - ß - f - n-eq-sSbpw FUn-t‰m-dn-be - pI-fn-eq-sSbpw Hs° ]pXnb Nn¥-Iƒ DW¿Øn-s°m-≠mWv A`n-{]mb cq]oI-cW - Ø - n\p hgn hbv°p-∂X - v. CØ-cØn-ep≈ hfsc aqey-hØ - mb {]I-S\w ImgvNh - b - tv °≠ am[y-aß - ƒ kZm-Nmcw apdpsI ]nSn-t°-≠Xpw Ahiyw Bhiy-am-Ws - √m.

F∂m- e n∂v am[ya {]h¿Ø- \ Ønse kZm-Nm-cs - Øbpw [m¿an-IX - s - bbp-sams° A]-IS- I - c - amw hn[w ]cky

ZmXm- ° ƒ kzm[o- \ n- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠∂ hna¿i\w hym]-Ia - mbn Db¿∂p-h∂ - ncn-°p-∂p. Gh¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂X - pt]mse am[y-aß - sf kw_-‘n®v ]cky-sa∂Xv Hgn-hm-°m-\m-ImØ Xn∑ (Inevitable evil) BWv. am[ya {]h¿Ø\-Øn-\m-hi - y-amb hºn® kmº-Øn-Is®-eh - ns‚ apJy t{kmXkv ]c-ky-amWv. DXv]m-Z\ - s - ®-eh - n-s\-°mƒ Ipd™ hnebv°v hn¬°-s∏-Sp∂ GI DXv]∂w Hcp ]t£ ]{Xw am{X-am-bn-cn-°mw. aq∂p cq]bv°p hn¬°p∂ Hcp ]{XØns‚ bYm¿∞ DXv]m-Z\ - s - ®-ehv ]Xn\-t©m, Ccp-]tXm cq] hcpw. CXv km[y-am-Ip-∂Xv ]ckyw {]kn-≤o-Ic - n°p-∂X - p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-W.v Zriy-am-[ya-ßf - nepw t{]£-I¿°v hm¿Ø-Ifpw

19

a‰p hn`-h-ß-fp-sa√mw kuP-\y-ambn e`n-°p-∂Xpw ]ckyw D≈-Xp-sIm≠p Xs∂-bm-W.v Cu kmº-Øn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\Øns‚ {]m[m\yw icn°pw a\- n-em°n-s°m-≠p-Xs - ∂-bmWv ]cky ZmXm°ƒ am[y-aß - f - psS ta¬ Xß-fpsS A[o-iXzw ASn-t®¬∏n-°m≥ {ian®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂X - pw. am[y-aß - f - psS \b]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw kao-]\ - hpw Xß-fpsS XmXv]c - y-Øn-\\ - p-Kp-Wa - m°n am‰n FSp°m-\p≈ kΩ¿±-amWv apJy-ambn Ah¿ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - .v Cu {iaw Hcp hiØp \S-∂p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂, ]c-ky-ßf - psS {]kn-≤o-Ic - Ww \S-Øp-tºmƒ [m¿anI-Xbpw kZm-Nm-chpw ImØp-kq-£n-°phm≥ am[y-a-߃ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ]{X-ßf - n¬ ]ckyw {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n¬ ]{Xm-[n-]c - psS ]¶v hfsc ]cn-an-Xa - m-sW-¶nepw ]c-kyß- f n¬ D≠m- I p∂ \nb- a - e w- L - \ ߃°p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw ]{Xm-[n]¿°m-Wv. AXm-bXv ]cky ZmXmhv \¬Ip∂ GXp ]c-kyhpw {]kn-≤o-Icn-°m≥ am[y-aß - ƒ Xbm-dm-tI-≠X - n√ F∂¿∞w. ]cky {]kn-≤o-I-cWw A`n-{]mb {]I-S-\-Øns‚ \n¿h-N-\Øn¬ s]Sp- s a- ¶ nepw AXv - ] Ww sImSpØp sNøp-∂Xpw hym]m-tcmt±iytØm-Sp-IqSn sNøp-∂Xpw BIptºmƒ A`n-{]mb {]I-S\ kzmX-{¥yØns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂n√ F∂v kp{]ow-tIm-SXn Hcp hn[n-\ym-bØ - n-eqsS

hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. s]mXp XmXv]c - yap≈ Adn-hns‚ t\Sepw \¬I-ep-amWv A`n-{]mb kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bns]Sp-Is - b∂pw tImSXn hy‡-am-°n-bncn-°p-∂p. Cusbmcp ]›m-Øe - Ø - n¬, C¥y- b n¬ samØ- Ø n¬ am[ya {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - psS [m¿an-IX ImØpkq-£n-°p-hm≥ {]kv Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v C≥Uysb Npa-Xe - s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp-t]mse ]c-ky-ßsf kw_-‘n®v [m¿an-IX ImØp kq£n-°m≥ Npa-Xe-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ""AUz¿ssSknwKv Ãm≥tU¿Uv Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v C≥Uy'' (Advertising Standards Council of India-ASCI) sb BWv. A[m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-ch - n-cp-≤h - p-amb ]c-ky-߃s°Xnsc \S-]S- n-sb-Sp-°m≥ Cu kwL-S\bv°v A[n-Im-chpw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

1985- ˛ ¬ AXns‚ t_m¿Uv Hm^v Kh¿tÆ¿kv tbmKw tN¿∂v ]c-ky߃ kw_- ‘ n® Hcp s]cp- a m‰ kwlnX AwKo-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSp ]e-h´- ß - f - n-embn Ahbv°p t`Z-KX - nIƒ hcp- Ø p- I bpw sNbv X n- ´ p- ≠ v .

DXv]∂ ]cky-ßf - psS KpW-\n-eh - mcw ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ib - mWv s]cp-am‰ kwlnX-bpsS Dt±-iy-sa∂v Iu¨kn¬ hy‡am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. am\y-Xb - psSbpw s]mXp-kZ- m-Nm-cØ - n-s‚bpw ]cn[n-°-IØv ]c-ky-ßsf \n¿tØ-≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX FSpØp ]d-™n-´p≠v. G‰hpw ]c-aa - mb e£yw kmaqly-\∑ - b - m-bn-cn-°Ww F∂Xpw Hm¿an-

∏n-°p-∂p. ASCI apt∂m´ph®n-´p≈ s]cpam‰ kwln-Xb - nse Nne {][m\ hyhÿ-Iƒ Xmsg-∏d - b - p-∂h - b - m-W.v ]ckyw kXy-am-bn-cn-°W - w. Ah-bneqsS D∂-bn-°p∂ Ah-Im-ih - m-Zß - fpw hnh-c-W-ßfpw Xmc-X-ay-ß-fp-sa√mw hkvXp-Xm-]c - a - mbn hne-bn-cp-Øs - ∏-Sm-hp∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Aßs\ sNøm≥ ]cym]vXa - m-bn-cn-°W - w. Iu¨kn¬ Bh-iys∏-´m¬ CXn\v sXfnhp lmP-cm-°p-hm≥ ]c-ky-ÿm-]\ - ß - ƒ _m[y-ÿc - m-Wv. Ah-Im-ih - m-Zß - ƒ kzX-{¥-amb ]T-\Øn-s‚-tbm, Kth-jW - Ø - n-s‚-tbm,-AS- nÿm- \ - Ø n- e m- s W- ¶ n¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Whnh-cß - ƒ ]c-ky-Øn¬ \¬tI≠-Xm-W.v hy‡n-Is - ftbm, ÿm]-\ß - sf-tbm- Ip-dn®v Ah-cpsS kΩ-Xa- n-√msX ]cm-a¿in-°m≥ ]mSn-√. hkvXp-XI - ƒ `mKn-Ia - mbn \¬Intbm hf-s®m-Snt®m D]-t`m-‡m-hns\ sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. DXv]∂w hmßnb D]-t`m-‡mhn¬ ISpØ ss\cmiyw D≠m-Ip∂ Xe-Øn¬ Ah-Im-ih - m-Zß - ƒ AXn-itbm-‡n-bm-h-cp-Xv. am\y-Xbpw HuNnXyhpw kw_-‘n® s]mXp k¶-ev]\ - ߃°v \nc-°mØ ]c-ky-߃ am[ya-߃ kzoI-cn-®p-Iq-S. CtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ ]c-ky-ßf - nse [m¿an-IX - sb kwc-£n-°p-∂X - n\v D]bp-‡-amb Nne \nb-a-߃ C≥Uybn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. tImS-Xn-b-e£y \nb-aw, \nb-a-k`m Ae-£y-\nbaw, A]-Io¿Øn \nbaw XpS-ßnb \nb-aß-sf√mw hm¿Øm {]kn-≤o-I-c-WØn\pw a‰pw _m[-Ia - m-Ip-∂X - p-t]mse ]c-ky-߃°pw s]mXp-hn¬ _m[-Iam-Wv. Ah IqSm-sX-bmWv ]c-ky߃°p-am-{X-ambn _m[-Ia - m-Ip∂ Nne {]tXyI \nb-aß - fpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´p-≈X - v. A°q-´Ø - n¬ hfsc {][m-\s∏´ Hcp \nb-aa - mWv ""{UKvkv B‚ v amPnIv sda-Uokv (H-_vPIvj\_nƒ AUz¿ssS-kvsa‚ vkv) BIvSv 1954'' (Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954] C≥Uy-

bn¬ 1955 G{]n¬ H∂p apX¬ Cu \nbaw {]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠v. F¥mWv Cu \nb-a-Øns‚ D≈-S°w F∂p t\m°mw.

Nne {]tXy-IX - cw Huj-[ß - f - psS ]c-kysØ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂X - n\pw Nne {]tXyI Imcy-߃°v am{¥n-Ik - n-≤nbp≈ ]cn-lm-ca- m¿K-߃ Ds≠∂-hImi-s∏-Sp∂ ]c-ky-ßsf XS-bp-∂X - n\pw Ah-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-hc - p∂ Imcyßsf ssIImcyw sNøp- ∂ - X n\pw th≠n-bp≈ Hcp \nbaw F∂mWv AXns‚ Bap-JØ - n¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p≈-X.v

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BKÃv 2011

\nb- a - Ø n¬ Huj[w (Drug), am{¥nI kn≤n-bp≈ ]cn-lm-ca - m¿Kw (Magic Remedy) F∂o ]Z-ßf - psS \n¿hN-\ß - fpw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. ""Huj[w'' F∂-Xn¬ Xmsg kqNn∏n-®n-cn-°p∂sX√mw Dƒs∏-Spw. (1) a\p-jy¿t°m arK-߃t°m D≈n¬ Ign-°mt\m _mly D]-tbm-KØnt\m D≈ acp-∂v.

(2) a\p-jy-cntem arK-ßf - ntem D≈ tcmKsØ \n¿W-bn-°m-t\m, t`Z-am-°mt\m, Ipd-bv°m-t\m, NnIn-’n-°mt\m AYhm XS-bmt\m th≠n Dt±-in-°s - ∏´n-´p≈ GXp ]Zm¿∞-hpw.

(3) a\p-jy-cp-sStbm arK-ßf - p-sStbm ico-cØ - ns‚ LS-\s - btbm ssPh-{]h¿Ø-\-sØtbm GsX-¶nepw XcØn¬ kzm[o-\n-°mt\m AYhm _m[n°mt\m th≠n D]- t bm- K n- ° p∂ Blmc km[-\a - √ - mØ GXp km[\hpw (4) ta¬ kqNn-∏n® GXp acp-∂ns‚bpw km[-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]Zm¿∞Øns‚ LS-Ia- mbn´p]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Dt±in-®n-´p≈ GXp km[-\h - pw.

CtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ am{¥n-Ik - n-≤nbp≈ ]cn-lm-ca - m¿Kw (Magic Remedy) F∂-Xns\ C{]-Imcw \n¿h-Nn-®n-´p-≠v. a\p-jy-cp-sS-tbm, arK-ßf - p-sStbm ico-cØ - ns‚ LS-\s - b-tbm, ssPh-{]h¿Ø-\-sØtbm GsX-¶nepw XcØn¬ kzm[o-\n-°m\pw AYhm _m[n°m\pw Ign-hp-≈t- Xm, a\p-jy-cp-sStbm arK-ßf - p-sStbm ico-cØ - n-ep≈ GsX¶nepw tcmKw \n¿W-bn-°mt\m t`Z-s∏Sp-Ømt\m Ipd-b° v mt\m AYhm NnIn’n-°mt\m Ign-bp-∂tXm Bb A`ua-i‡ - n-bp-s≠-∂h - I - m-is - ∏-Sp∂ c£tbm, a{¥-®c - t- Sm, Ih-Ntam AXp-t]mep≈ GsXm-∂pw, AXv GXp cq]-Ønep≈Xmbm-epw, ""am{¥nI kn≤n-bp≈ ]cn-lmcam¿Kw'' F∂-Xn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂Xm-W.v Cu \nb-a-Øns‚ sk£≥ (3) A\p-k-cn®v K¿`-[m-c-Ww, ssewKn-Itijn h¿≤-\, ssewKnI tcmK-Nn-In’ XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃°v am{¥n-Ik - n-≤nbp≈ ]cn-lm-ca - m¿K-߃ \n¿t±-in-®psIm-≠p≈ ]c-ky-߃ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n°p-∂-Xns\ XS-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Nc-SpIƒ, a{¥-tam-Xn-cw, Ih-Nw, A¤pX ]cn-lm-cw, am{¥nI Ge- p-Ifpw Znhy hkvXp-°fpw F√mw Cu ]cn-lm-ca- m¿Kß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Spw. \nb-aØ - ns‚ sk£≥ (4) A\pk-cn®v Hcp Huj-[Ø - ns‚ bYm¿∞ ÿnXnsb kw_-‘n®v {]Xy-£a- mtbm ]tcm-£a- mtbm sX‰n-≤m-cW ]c-Øp-∂tXm, Huj-[-sØ-∏‰n Ak-Xy-amb imkv{X-KXn

Ah-Im-ih - m-Zß - ƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂t- Xm, at‰-sX-¶nepw Xc-Øn¬ Ak-Xyhpw hgn sX‰n-°p-∂tXm Bb ]ckyw I¿i-\a - mbn \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

GsX-¶nepw Imcy-߃°v am{¥n-Ikn-≤n-bp≈ ]cn-lm-ca - m¿§-߃ \n¿t±in-®p-sIm-≠p≈ F√m ]c-ky-ßfpw \ntcm-[n-°p-∂X - mbn sk£≥ 5 epw ]d-™n-´p-≠v.

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp ]c-kyhpw C≥Uy-b° v I - Ø - p-\n∂p ]pd-tØbv°p Ib-‰p-aXn \S-Øp-Itbm ]pd-Øp-\n∂pw C≥Uy-bv°-I-tØbv°v Cd-°p-aXn sNøp-Itbm sNøp-∂X - n-s\bpw \nbaw I¿i-\a - mbn \ntcm-[n-®n-´p-≠v.

Cu \nb-asØ ewLn®p {]h¿Øn°p-∂h - ¿°v XShpw ]ngbpw \¬Im\p≈ in£m-hn-[nbpw \nb-aØ - n¬ ]d™n-´p-≠.v Npcp-°Ø - n¬ P\-ßsf sX‰n-≤c - n∏n-°p-∂, imkv{X-t_m-[Ø - n-\\ - p-kr-Xa-√m-Ø, bp‡nbv°p \nc-°m-Ø, Znhy Huj-[ß - f - p-sSbpw am{¥nI ]cn-lm-cØn-s‚bpw ]c-ky-߃ am[y-a-ßfn¬\n∂pw XpS-®p-\o-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Kuc-hX - c - a - mb Hcn-Ss - ]-Se - n-\mWv Cu \nbaw hgn Xpd-∂X - v. F∂m¬ \nbaw \ne-hn¬h∂v A≥]-Ø©p h¿jw Ign™n´pw Cu \nb-a-Øns‚ A¥x-kØsb ]msS Ah- K - W n- ® p- s Im≠v \ΩpsS h≥ {]Nm-ca - p≈ ae-bmf ]{Xß-fn¬ \ntXy-\s - b-t∂mWw CØcw ]c-ky-߃ h∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Ct∏mgpw ae-bm-f- Zn\∏{X-ßf - nh∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ CØcw ]c-kyß-fpsS Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.

1. F¥mWv \nß-fpsS {]iv\w

Rm≥ \nßsf klm-bn-°mw.

2. hnjvWp-amb NmØ≥ kzmanbpsS A\p-{Klw. 3. i{Xp-hn-s‚bpw an{X-Øn-s‚bpw t]cp ]d-bp∂ tkhm kn≤n.

4. temI-Øn¬ \w.1 450 cq]bv°v P∏m\n enwK-h¿≤I b{¥w.

5. Ima-tZ-hm-I¿jW Ge- .v 6. [\ BI¿jW ss`c-hb - {¥w.

7. hen∏ h¿≤-\b - v°p≈ D]-Ic - Ww. 8. 60-˛¬ bphXzw!!! F\¿Pn-I˛v- 31.

CXn¬ Hmtcm ]c-kyhpw hni-Za- mbn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah Hmtcm∂pw {UKvkv B‚ v amPnIv sda-Uokv (H-_vP£ - \ - _nƒ AssUz¿ssS- k v s a‚ v k v ) BIvSns‚ \·-amb ewL-\a - m-sW∂p ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu ]c-ky-߃ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-®n-cn-°p∂ ]{X-ßs - f-√mwXs∂ tIc-fØ - nse hfsc {]Nm-ca - p≈ ae-bmf ]{X-ßf - mWpXm\pw. km£-cX- b n¬ G‰hpw ap≥]- ¥ n- b n\n¬°p∂ Hcp kwÿm-\-Øn-\-IØmWv P\-ßsf hnUvVn-If - m-°p∂ CØcw ]c-ky-߃ {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-∂sX∂ Imcyhpw Hm¿t°- ≠ - X p- ≠ v .

CXn¬ At\Iw P\-߃ h©n-Xc - mbn- ° m- W mw. CØcw ]c- k y- ß ƒ hm¿jnI Icm-dn-s‚tbm at‰m ASn-ÿm\-Øn¬ \¬Ip-∂X - m-bX - p-sIm≠v an°hmdpw F√m Znh-kß - f - nepw Ch ]{Xß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. ASCI CØcw ]cky {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - Ø - n-s\Xnsc Fs¥-¶nepw \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-®Xmbn Adn-™n-´n-√. CØcw ]cky {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - ß - ƒs°-Xnsc i‡-amb kmaq-lym-ht- _m[w krjvSn-t°-≠Xv AXym-hi - y-am-W.v

21

Ih¿tÃmdn tUm. B¿. Pb-{]-Imiv

tcmKNnIn’:

imkv{Xob{]{Inbtbm

Dƒhnfntbm? sshZy taJebn¬ kXyk‘-cmb hnπhImcnIƒ Ipd™v t]mIp-∂sX¥psIm≠v?

Hcp tcmKn tUmŒsd kao]n®p-sh-∂ncn°s´. tcmKnsb ]cntim[n®v tUmŒ¿ tcmKw Is≠Øp∂p.

XpS¿∂v tcmKia\Øn\v Bhiyamb acp∂v Ipdn®v tcmKn°v \¬Ip∂p... kmam\y-amb tcmKNnIn’ ChnsS Ahkm-\n°p∂p. F∂m¬ \nch[n tNmZy߃ ChnsS Db¿∂phcp∂p≠v . tIh- e amb imcocnI ]cntim[-\-bneqsS am{Xw tcmKnsb°pdn®pw tcmKØn- \ m[mcamb Np‰p]mSpIsf°pdn®pw hkvXpXm]camb \nKa\Øn-seØp∂Xn\v Ignbptam? acp∂v FgpØn-eqsS am{Xw tcmKNnIn’ hnPbI-c-ambn Ahkm\n°ptam?

AXv tcmKn- ° v kzoImcyamIptam? Abmƒ°v kvYmbnbmb tcmKia\ap≠mIptam? tcmKw ho≠pw Bh¿Øn°s∏Sptam? Cu kao]\w s]mXphnB[p\nI sshZyimkv{Xw Zm¿i\nIambn hn`mh\w sNbvXn´p≈ sshZyimkv{X k¶ev]hpambn HØpt]m-Ip∂Xm-tWm?... F∂nßs\ \ofp∂p tNmZy߃. km[mcW kmlNcyØn¬ CØcw tNmZy߃ Db¿∂phcmdn√. F∂m¬ hkvXp\n-jvTamb hniIe\-Øn¬ Hgnhm°phm≥ Ignbm-ØXmWv CØcw tNmZy߃. Ah Db¿Øp-∂Xv \yq\]£tam `qcn]£tam F∂Xv ChnsS {]iv\a√. hnjbw H∂pIqSn hniIe\w sNømw. tcmKn Hcp {]iv\hpambn´mWv (tcmKw) tUmŒsd kao]n®ncn°p∂Xv. tcmKntbmsSm∏w AbmfpsS hkvXp\njvT-kmlNcyhpw Np‰p]mSpw IqSn hniIe\w sNbvXpsIm≠v am{Xta {]iv\]cnlmcØn\p≈ (tcmKNn- I n’) am¿K߃ Bcmbp∂Xn\v IgnbpIbp≈p. XpS¿∂v Xs‚ ap∂n-encn°p∂ tcmKnbptSXpam{Xamb hkvXp\njvTkmlNcyØn\v {]tXyI- a mbn Ahew_n°phm≥ /Xmßphm≥ Ignbp∂ Hcp am¿Kw (tcmKNnIn’) Xncs™SpØv Abmƒ°v \¬IWw. Cßs\ \¬Ip∂ {]tXyI

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BKÃv 2011

]cnlmc-am¿Kw tcmKn°v kzoImcyamIW-sa¶n¬ AYhm ^e{]ZamIW-sa¶n¬ AbmfpsS At∏mgsØ am\knIm-hkvYbpw A\pIqeam-tI≠Xp≠v.

IepjnXamb a\kv {]iv\sØ IqSpX¬ k¶o¿Wam°pIbpw Ah-kY v sb t\cnSp∂Xn\p≈ AbmfpsS tijnsb kzm[o\n°pIbpw sNøp∂-XmWv. {]iv\Øns‚ (tcmKw) a‰p Nne hi߃ IqSn ]cntim[n°mw. tcmKn°v tUmŒ¿ FgpXnb acp∂v hmßphm≥ Ign™ns√¶ntem? AXn\p≈ ss]k Abmƒ°v ssIhians√-¶ntem? NnIn’ ho≠pw ]cmPbs∏-Sp∂XmWv. At∏mƒ G‰hpw anI® acp∂v FgpXnbXpsIm≠v am{Xw NnIn’ hnPbn°Wsa∂n√. AtXt]mse anI® acp∂v FgpXp∂Xn\v Ign™Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw Hcmƒ°v \√ tUmŒ¿ BIp∂Xn\v IgnbpIbn√. adn®v \√acp∂pIfn¬ \n∂v Xs‚ ap∂nencn°p∂ tcmKn°v Xmßphm≥ Ig-nbp∂ hnebp≈ H∂ns\ Xncs™SpØv \¬Ip∂XnemWv tUmŒdpsS {]tXyIamb Ignhv Ccn°p∂Xv .

F¶n¬ am{Xta NnIn’ A¥naambn ^e{]ZamhpIbp≈psh∂v ImWpI. Npcp°Øn¬ Hmtcm tcmKnbp-tSbpw imcocnIhpw am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb AhkvYbpw hyXy-kX v XIfpw IqSn IW°n- s eSpØp- s Im≠p≈ kao]\amWv NnIn’m thfbnA\ph¿Øn-t°≠sX-∂-¿∞w.

CØcsamcp kmlNcyØn¬ NnIn’ hnPbIcamIptºmƒ tUmŒ¿ \√ ssI∏pWyapffhs\∂v s]mXp-hnhnh£n°s∏Smdp≠v. Aßs\ Abmƒ°v {]tXyIamb ZnhyXzw Nm¿Øns°m-Sp°p∂Xn¬ A¿-∞an√. am{Xhpa√ Cßs\ hmgvØp∂h¿ hn]coX thfbn¬ tUmŒsd IsømgnbpIbpw sNøpw. tcmK-NnIn’mthfbn¬ Xncn®dnb- s ∏´hbpw A√mØXpamb \nch[n LSI߃ {]h¿Øn°p∂p≠v . ChbpsSsb√mw tbmPn® {]h¿Ø\-Øns‚ A¥na^eamWv NnIn’m hnPbhpw ]cmPbhpw.

Nnet∏mƒ AXv hnPbns®∂v hcpw a‰v Nnet∏mƒ AXv ]cmPbs∏s´∂pw hcmw. Hmtcm L´Ønepw F¥psIm≠v Cßs\-sb∂v ]cntim[n®v t_m[ys∏Sp-Ib - mWv Hcp tUmŒ¿ sNtø≠Xv. AXmbXvv imkv{Xobhpw hy‡hpamb am¿KØneqsS Ncn°pIsb∂XmWv IcWobam¿Kw. ]Icw ZnhyXzw Nm¿Øns°mSp°p∂Xpw kzbw Aßs\ AhXcn°p∂Xpw Htc t]mse Aimkv{XobamWv. AXv FXn¿°s∏-tS-≠XmWv. imkv{X-KXn

Nne AkpJIcamb tNmZy߃....

F{X `njKzc∑m¿ CØcØnkºq¿Wamb NnIn’bn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂p≠v?

F{X t]¿ XßfpsS kao]\Ønse icnsX‰pIsf°pdn®v Nn¥n°p-∂p≠v?

NnIn’bnse CØcw am\hnI kao-]\ßsf°pdn®v sshZy]-T\-Øns‚ GsX¶nepw Imebfhn¬ Ahsc Bsc¶nepw Nn¥n∏n®n-´p-t≠m? sshZyss\XnIX F{X t]sc Ae´p∂p≠v?

Htcm an\n´nepw G{X A\mhiy ]cntim[\Iƒ \S°p∂p≠v?

Htcm an\n´nepw G{X A\mhiy acp∂v FgpØpIƒ \S°p∂p≠v?

Htcm an\n´nepw G{X t]¿ shdptX acp∂v Xn∂p∂p≠mIpw? Htcm an\n´nepw F{Xt]¿ acp∂v hmßphm\mImsX Ipgßp∂p≠mIpw? Hmtcm an\n´nepw F{X A\mhiy I¨kƒt´j≥/sd^depIƒ \S°p∂p≠v?

Hmtcm an\n´nepw F{X A\mhiy Hm∏tdj\pIƒ \S°p∂p≠mIpw? Hmtcm an\n´nepw F¥pam{Xw I≈∏Ww ssIam‰w sNøs∏Sp∂p-≠mIpw? tUmŒ¿amcpsS acp∂v FgpØv \nco£n°s∏tS≠Xpt≠m?

AXv tNmZyw sNøs∏Sm≥ ]mSn√mØ Hcp "]pWy'{]{Inbtbm?

AXv imkv{XobambtXm Dƒhnfntbm? sshZyhrØn al\obamIp∂Xv AXv "]pWy'amIp∂XpsImt≠m?

sshZyhrØn tIheamb Hcp sXmgn¬ am{Xtam? sshZy kwLS\Iƒ tIhew sXmgn¬ kwLS\Itfm? tNmZy߃ Db¿Øp∂ tUmŒ¿°v ssIøSn In´psa¶nepw Abmƒ°v ]n∂oSv F¥p kw`hn°p∂psh∂v s]mXp-kaqlw Nn¥n°p∂pt≠m?

Ducphne°pIƒ AXnPohn-°p∂Xn\v G{X t]¿°v Ignbpw sshZy taJebn¬ kXyk‘cmb hnπhImcnIƒ Ipd™v t]mIp∂sX¥psIm≠v?

F√mhcpw tami°mcmsW∂v hcptam? `qcn]£w F¥psIm≠v au\nIfmbn XpScp∂p?

Cu au\w Ft∏msg¶nepw `RvPn°s∏Sptam? {]Xo£°v hIbpt≠m?....

Cßs\sbms° tNmZn- ° mtamsb∂ AkpJIcambtNmZy߃ CØcØn¬ \o≠pt]mIpw. Chbv°v DØcw Is≠Øm≥ AYhm Is≠Øns°m≠v sshZyhrØnbn¬ F{Xt]¿°v XpScp∂Xn\v Ignbpw?

tcmKNnIn’m{]{Inbnse imkv{XobX BtcmKysa∂ k¶¬∏Ønse am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb hiw Hcn°epw Hgn®pIqSphm≥ IgnbmØXmWv. GsXmcp imcocnI tcmKØnt‚bpw {]IS\]cXbpw Xo{hXbpw acp∂nt\mSp≈ {]XnIcWhpw cq]s∏SpØp∂Xn¬ AbmfpsS am\knIamb AhkvY \n¿WmbI-amb ]¶v hln°p∂p. hnimeamb A¿∞-

23

Øn¬ am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb hiw Hcp hy‡nbpsS ka{KXsbbpw kaqlØnenSs]Sphm\p≈ AbmfpsS Ignhns\bpw kqNn∏n°p∂p.

BtcmKyØns‚ \n¿anXnbn¬ tIheamb imcocnImhÿbv°p-a-∏pdw AbmfpsS kmaqlnI cm{„ob]cnkchpw \n¿WmbIamb ]¶p hln°p∂p. Hmtcm P\XbpsSbpw BtcmKyw B kaqlØns‚ Ncn{X]camb khntijX, h¿K]camb LS\, `cWIqSØns‚ kz`mhw F∂nhsb {]Xn^en∏n°p∂p≠v. CXmWv BtcmKyØns‚ cm{„obw. BtcmKyØns‚ am\knI kmaqlnIhißsf Ipd®p ImWp∂ kao]\w bmYmÿnXnIhpw Aimkv{Xo-bhpamWv. F∂m¬ CXv B[p\nI sshZyimkv{XØns‚ Zm¿i\nI {]Xnk‘nb√ adn®v {]tbmKØn¬ h∂ A]mIX bmWv. {]mtbmKnIXeØn¬ BtcmKysa∂ ImgvN∏mSns\ IqSpX¬ hnIkn∏ns®Sp t°≠Xp≠v . CXnP\IobmtcmKy{]h¿ØI cpsS ]¶v hfsc hepXmWv. tcmKsØ HmtcmcpØcpw XßfpsS ImgvN∏mSpIf\pkcn®v hyXykvXambn \n¿hNn®n´p≠v. hfsc efnXambn imcncnImtcmKyØn\pta¬ tijn°pdhv D≠mIp∂ AhkvYsb tcmKsa∂v hnfn°mw. AXmbXv BtcmKyØns‚ hn]coXmhkvY. tcmKsØ°pdn®p≈ Hcp {]mtbmKnI\n¿hN\w t\m°mw. Hcp tcmKmhkvYbn¬ imcocn-ImhbhßfpsStbm imcocnI `mKß- f psStbm [¿Ω߃ XS - s ∏SpItbm Aet¶me-s∏SpItbm sNøs∏Sp∂p. CXv tcmKmhkv Y bpsS Xo{hX A\pkcn®v hyXykv X - a mbncn°pw. a\p-jy\pw ]cnkvYnXnbpw XΩnep≈ kwXpe\mhkv Y \„-

s∏Sptºmƒ tcmKm-hkvY-bp≠m-Ip∂Xmbn \nco-£n-°s∏Sp∂p. tcmKØns‚ ImcWsa¥v? Hmtcm tcmKmhkvYbv°p ]n∂nepw Pohimkv{X]chpw am\knIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb ImcWßfp≠v. Pohimkv{X]camb ImcW߃ hy‡n]camWv. tcmKmXpcamb kmlNcyØnepw kmaq-lnImhÿbnepw Pohnt°-≠nhcp-∂Xp sIm≠pIqSnbmWv Hcmƒ tcmKnbmbnØocp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v tcmKmhkvYbv°v ASns∏Sp∂ Hmtcm a\pjyt‚bpw am\knIhpw kmaqlyhpamb ]ivNmØew IqSn hnebncpØns°m≠v thWw tcmKNnInXvk \StØ≠Xv. Cßs\bmWv tcmKNnIn’ Hcmƒ°v kzoImcyamIp∂Xv. Cßs\bmWv tcmKNnIn’ Hcmƒ°v hnizmkIcamIp∂Xv. Cßs\bmWv Hcp tcmKNnIn’ hnPbn°p∂Xv. Cßs\bmWv tcmKNnIn’ imkv{- Xob amIp∂Xv. CXns\ tcmKNnIn’m {]{Inbbnse P\IobZ¿i\sa∂pw hntijn∏n°mw. CØcsamcp Z¿i\w NnInXvkmhn[nIƒ°v IqSpXkzoImcyX ssIhcpØp∂XmWv . tcmKNnInXvkbpsS `mKambn kmlNcyßfn¬ am‰w hcpØp∂Xn\p≈ {iahpw th≠nht∂°mw. AXmbXv NnInXvk Htckabw hy‡n]chpw kmaqly]chpamb CSs]S¬ IqSnbmsW∂v Xncn®dntb-≠nbncn°p∂p. CXv Hcp XpS¿ {]{InbbmWv. CXmWv tcmK NnIn’bnse cm{„obw.

tcmKNnIn’Is‚ {]tem`\߃; B¥cnIs\mºcßfpw.... tcmKNnIn’m{]{Inbbn¬ tcmKNnIn’Is‚ kao]\w hfsc \n¿WmbIamWv. AbmfpsS imkv{Xt_m[w,

Ducp hne°p-Isf D√w-Jn®p sIm≠v Hcmƒ°v F{X\mƒ ]nSn®p \n¬°phm\mIpw? Ipd®v kXy߃ I≠ns√∂v \Sn®pIq-tSsb∂ kvt\l-\n¿`camb tNmZyß-ƒ°v ap∂n¬ F{X \mƒ XeIp\n-°msX Ign°pw? F¥p-thWsa¶nepw \S°s´. I≠ns√∂v \Sn°mw F∂ Xncn®dnhn¬ Abmƒ FØpw. AXp-sIm≠mWv Ip‰Icamb au\߃ D≠m-Ip∂Xv. adn®v F√mhcpw tami-°mcm-bXpsIm≠√. Iq´mb Cu au\sØ Fßs\ DW¿Øm-sa∂-XmWv s]mXpkaqlw ]cntim[n-t°-≠Xv. 24

imkv{X{]tbmKw, sXmgnent\mSp≈ A¿∏Ww, sXmgn¬]camb kXyk‘X, sXmgn¬]camb Bflm¿∞ ]cntim[\IfpsS D]tbmKcoXn, acp∂pIfpsS D]tbmKcoXn, ]cnanXnIƒ°p≈n¬ \n∂psIm≠p≈ ]cmah[n {]tbmP\s∏Spج, kwthZ\-tijn F∂nßs\ XpScp∂p Hcp tcmKNnIn’I\v A\nhmcyambn th≠tijnIƒ Fßs\ cq]-s∏Spsa∂XmWv {]iv\w. kzbw hna¿i\mflIambn apt∂m´v t]mIp∂ tcmKNnIn’I\v Xs‚ sXmgn¬-{]{InbbnImeßfneqsS Cu kao]\߃ Xo¿®bmbpw t\Snsb-Sp°p-∂Xn\v Ignbpw. F∂m¬ sshZy-hrØnbnXpS¿{]h¿Ø\w \S- Ø p∂ Hcp tcmKNnIn’I\v ]e-t∏mgpw AXn\v Ignbp∂ns√∂XmWv bmYm¿∞yw.

Xs‚ {]tem`\]camb Np‰ph´Øn¬ sshZy-hrØnbpsS {]mYanI XmXv]cyØn- \pta¬ ZznXob-XmXv]cyØn\v Ft∏mtgm Xm\dn-bmsX ta¬ss° h∂ps]Sp∂p. AXn\v Abmƒ hiwhZ\mIp∂p. s]mXp-XmXv]cyØn\v ta¬ hy‡n- X mXv ] cyw ta¬ss° kvYm]n°p∂p. CØcw {]tem`\߃ Db¿Øp∂ sh√phnfn Fßns\ t\cnSpsa∂XmWv Hmtcm `njKzct‚bpw ap∂nep≈ ss\XnI{]iv \ w. Htc kabw A°mZ-anIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb icnbmb \ne]mSv Fßs\ Is≠Øpw?

Hcp _Z¬ kao]\w Fßs\ cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°pw? GsXms°bmWv icnIƒ?.... ChnsS Abmƒ°v Xt∂mSv Xs∂ \nc¥cw t]mcSnt°≠nhcpw.

AXn¬ F{X t]¿°v hnPbn°phm\mIpw? Abmƒ°v ]nSn®p\n¬°p-∂Xn\v Bhiyamb ]n≥XpW \¬Ip-∂Xn\v s]mXpkaqlØn\v Ignbp∂p-t≠m?....

AXpsIm≠mWv sshZyhr-Øn-bnkXyk‘cmb hnπhImcn-Iƒ D≠mImsXt]mIp∂Xv. AYhm Ipd™v t]mIp∂Xv. Ducp hne°p-Isf D√w-Jn®p sIm≠v Hcmƒ°v F{X\mƒ ]nSn®p \n¬°phm\mIpw? Ipd®v kXy߃ I≠ns√∂v \Sn®pIq-tSsb∂ kvt\l\n¿`camb tNmZyß-ƒ°v ap∂n¬ F{X \mƒ XeIp\n-°msX Ign°pw? F¥pthW-sa¶nepw \S°s´. I≠ns√∂v \Sn°mw F∂ Xncn®dnhn¬ Abmƒ FØpw. AXp-sIm≠mWv Ip‰Icamb au\߃ D≠m-Ip∂Xv. adn®v F√mhcpw tami-°mcm-bXpsIm≠√. Iq´mb Cu au\sØ Fßs\ DW¿Øm-sa∂-XmWv s]mXpkaqlw ]cntim[n-t°-≠Xv. BKÃv 2011

Ih¿tÃmdn tUm. kn. _me-IrjvW≥ \mb¿

Cu sÃ]v kwhn-[m\w 3˛4 sIm√sØ ITn\ ]cn-{iaw sIm≠p-≠m-b-Xm-Wv. BZyw sh≈-Øns‚ Bhiyw (A-Xym-h-iyw); {ItaW {ItaW hnP-b-I-c-am-hp-tºmƒ AXv Hcp tlm_n Bbn. ]ns∂ ag-sh≈ kw`-c-W-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ km[y-X-Ifpw henb ho´n¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Bth-iw. Cu Hcp Xcw k¿§m-flI ]cn-]m-Sn-bnse kpJhpw a\- -am-[m-\hpw thdn´ A\p-`hw Xs∂!

agsh≈ kw`-c-WØn\v

]pXnb amXrI A

XnhrjvSn {]tZ-ia - mbn Adn-bs - ∏Sp∂ tIc-fØ - n¬ ip≤-Pe - £ - maw Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-ka - m-W.v e`y-amb ag-sh≈w _p≤n-]q¿hw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-ØXmWv AXn-\p-Im-c-Ww. ip≤-P-e-£ma-Øns‚ {][m\ ]cn-lmcw ag-sh≈ kw`-cW - w (a-gs - h≈ sImbvØ)v ˛ am{XamWv F∂v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ P\߃°v a\- n- e mbn hcn- I - b m- W v .

F∂m¬ CXn\v {][m\ XS w ^eh-Ømb Hcp ag-sh≈ kw`-cW k{ºZmbw C∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv . Cu kXyw a\- n-em-°n-bm-bn-cn°mw \ΩpsS Pehn-`h a{¥n Hcp ao‰nw-Kn¬ ag-sh≈ kw`-cW - Ø - n\v ^e-{]-Za - mb am¿K-an√ F∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Inb-X.v (The Hindu imkv{X-KXn

dt.17, June, 2011): ^e-{]-Z-amb GI am¿K-sa-∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ Ferro-cement Sm¶p-Iƒ ]e Imc-W-߃sIm≠pw ]e-ÿe - Øpw ]cm-Pb - s - a-∂mWv A\p`-hÿ - ¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - .v AXn\v ]I-c-amb thsdmcp coXn (Plastic Tank Method) BWv Rm≥ 3˛4 sIm√-ambn ho´n¬ ]co-£n®p hcp-∂-Xv. Fs‚ ho´n¬ sh≈-£maw ]cn-lc - n-°m-\p≈ ITn\ {ia-Øn¬ bZr-—bm DS-se-Sp-ØXmWv CsX∂p ]d-bmw. GI-tZiw 9000 en‰¿ kw`-c-W-˛-hn-X-c-W-ti-jn-bp≈ Hcp k{º-Zm-b-am-Wn-Xv. \K-c a[y-Ønem-bX - psIm≠v FSpØp ]d-bs - ´, hm´¿ AtXm-dn-‰n-bpsS sh≈w Fs‚bpw kao-]{- ]-tZ-is - Øbpw hoSp-If - n¬ Xosc

e`n-°mØ kml-N-cy-Ønepw F√m ho´m-h-iy-Ønepw hfsc sNdnb (Hcp ao‰¿ h´w) InW-dns\ am{Xw F\n°v B{i-bn-t°-≠n-h-∂-Xn-ep-ap≈ {]bmkw-sIm-≠pw, th\¬°m-eØv InWdn¬ 2 ASn am{Xap≈ sh≈w Bhiy-Øn\v In´m≥ ]e {]mhiyw CShn´v tamt´m¿ ]ºv D]-tbm-Kn®v tiJcn-°pI F∂ ZpjvI-c-amb A\p-`-hhp-amWv ag-sh≈ kw`-cW - s - Ø-°p-dn®v 4 sIm√w- apºpXs∂ Imcy- a mbn Btem-Nn-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bXv. BIkvan-I-sa∂v ]d-bs´ 40 sIm√w ]g-°ap≈ henb hoSns‚ sSdkn¬ Xs∂ ag-°m-eØv tNm¿s∂m-en-°p-∂Xv XSbm≥ hn]p-e-ambn ss^_¿ •m v

25

ta¬°qc ]nSn-∏n-t°-≠n-h∂Xv Hc-\p{K-l-am-bn. tase sSd-kn¬ Xs∂ agsh- ≈ - s °mbv Ø v \SØmw F∂ Bibw Aßs\ a\- n- e p- Z n- ® p.

AhnSw apX¬ sSdkn¬ Xs∂ (G‰hpw tase c≠m-asØ \ne-bpsS apI-fn-se) ag-sh-≈s - °mbvØv \S-Øm\p≈ {ia- a m- b n. ]e ]co- £ - W ߃°pw XpS¿®- b mb ]cn- { i- a ߃°pw-tijw C∂sØ \ne-bn-ep≈ ag-sh≈ kw`-cW hnX-cWw hnP-bI-ca - mbn Iem-in-®p. ag Xnan¿Øv s]øptºmƒ ss_^¿ jo‰n¬ hogp∂ sh≈w ]n.-hn.-kn. Nm\¬ (]m-Øn) hgn 3 Xcw Filters ¬ (A-cn-∏-I-fn¬) IqSn BZysØ kw`-cW Sm¶v \nd-bp∂-Xn¬ IqSn a‰v 10 Sm¶p-I-fn¬ (500 en‰¿ apX¬ 2000 en‰¿ hsc sh≈Øns‚ Gravity-Syphon-action hgn Plastic T, connector, 3/4”/1/2” plastic hose tube-regulator Tap/Plastic (Rs. 10) hose and tap hgn hoSns‚ F√m `mK-tØ-

°pw-˛A - I - Øpw ]pd-Øpw-˛s - h-≈s - a-Øn°m≥ km[n-°p-∂p. Cu ]Xn-s\m∂v Sm¶p-If - n¬ BZy-tØXv If-£≥ Sm¶pw _m°n 10 FÆw Storage cum Distribution Tank Ifpw BWv . hoSns‚ 3 seh¬-˛-I-fn¬, G‰hpw tase sSd-

26

kn¬ 6(51+1)¬ XmgsØ \ne-bp-sS sSdkn¬ 3, Xmsg \neØv (ground) ¬ 2 F∂n- ß s\ Sm¶p- I ƒ h®- X p- s Im≠mWv kmam\yw henb hoSns‚ F√m `mKØpw sh≈w FØn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂X - v.

3 Xcw ^n¬‰-dn¬ IqSn Acn-s®SpØmWv sh≈w ip≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂s - X∂v Fgp-Xn-bt- √m. BZy-tØXv (Channel Filter) ]ns∂ Drum (Barrel) filter, ]ns∂ (3˛m-asØ) Basin Filter. Cu Filters IqSnsb-√mw Acn-s®-Sp-°m-\p≈ km[\-߃ Hm´vIj - W - w, sNdnb sa‰¬ IjWw, Icn-°´/Nnc-´° - c - n, Nc¬, B‰vaW¬ F∂n-hb - m-Wv. Drum Filter s‚bpw Basin Filter s‚bpw ASn-bnepw tasebpw ]e aSßv t\¿Ø ss\tem¨ hetbm XpWn-°j - W - tam D≠m-bn-cn-°W - w. Cu Acn∏ km[-\ß - s - f√mw BZyw D]-tbmKn-°p-tºmƒ 4˛5 {]mhiyw sh≈Ønepw Ah-km\w ªo®nwKv ]uU¿ sh≈-Ønepw IgpIn ip≤o-Ic - n-°W - w.

10 storage distribution Tank Iƒ Ds≠∂v Fgp-Xn-bt- √m. ag-°mew Xocmdm-Ip-tºmƒ sh≈w \nd™ 3˛4 Sm¶pIƒ am‰n \n¿Øn (Cut off)- sNbvXv jo‰p-sIm-≠v \∂mbn aq-Sn, amk-Ønsem- c n- ° ¬ sNdp- X mbn (Mild)

t¢mdnt\‰v sNbvXm¬ th\¬°m-eØv D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]‰pw. ]t£ sNdnb InW¿ D≈-Xp-sIm≠v ]ºv sNbvX InW¿ sh≈w Iptds» Iptds» Cu ag-sh≈ Sm¶n-te°v Hgp°n k¿Iyptej≥ \ne-\n¿Øn-bmepw tiJ-cn® agsh≈w Aip-≤a - m-ImsX kq£n-°mw; Rm≥ ho´n¬ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

Ferro Cement Tank D≠m-bm¬ am{Xta Zo¿L-Imew (th-\¬°mew hsc) agsh≈w kq£n-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈q, πmÃnIv Sm¶n¬ ]‰p- I - b n√ F∂v hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv ta¬ Imc-WØ - micn-b√ Fs∂-\n°v tXm∂p-∂p).

C\n Fs‚ ho´nse G¿∏m-Sn-te°p-Xs∂ aS-ßn-hc - s - ´. 7 AwK-ßf - psS Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_a - m-W.v ho´m-hi - y-Øn\v 90% ag-sh-≈-amWv Ct∏mƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂-Xv; `£Ww ]mIw sNøm\pw IpSnsh- ≈ - Ø n- \ p- s am- g nsI. Ipfn- ° m≥, XpWn Ae-°m≥, ]m{Xw Igp-Im≥ a‰pNn-e-hbv°v F√m-‰n\pw ag sh≈w Xs∂, _m°n GI-tZiw 10% InW¿ sh≈w. `£-Wm-hi - y-߃°v thW-sa¶n¬ `£-W-Øn\pw IpSn-°m\pw agsh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. `£Ww ]mIw sNøm\pw IpSn-°m-\p-ap≈ ag sh≈w NqSm°n Xnf-∏n-°p-a-t√m. ]t£ Hcp{]iv\w F√m-‰n\pw ag-sh≈w D]-tbmKn-®m¬-˛I - n-W¿ sh≈w Hgn-hm-°n-bmsI´n-°n-S∂v sh≈w aen-\a - m-Ip-at√m!

7 t]cp≈ ho´n¬ \ntXy\ GI-tZiw 1500 en‰-sd-¶nepw ag-sh≈w D]-tbmKn-®m¬ amkw 1500x30=45000 en‰¿- GItZiw 5 ag-am-kß - ƒ (5x 45000 = 225000).

Aßs\ sIm√-Øn¬˛a-g-°m-eØv ˛ 2 1/4 e£w en‰¿ sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn°p-∂-Xns‚ kuI-cyhpw kmº-ØnI t\´hpw sNdp-X-√. hn]p-e-amb kwhn-[m\w [Total 11 plastic Tank (Rs.9000xRs.4/tr/=Rs.36000).

Pipes, Taps, Filters etc. Rs. 4000-Total Rs. 40000/-) ss^_¿jo‰v t\c-sØ D≠-

t√m. Nne-th-dnb G¿∏m-Sv F∂v F√mhcpw km[m-cW - \ - n-eb - n¬ Ip‰w ]d-™pt]m-Ipw. F∂m¬ CjvSw t]mse sh≈w, c≠p-e-£-Øne[nIw en‰¿ Hmtcm sIm√-hpw, thsd {]tXy-In®v Bh¿Ø\ sNe-shm-∂p-an-√˛- C - s - X-√mwsIm≠v Zo¿L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ Cu kwcw`w Hcp \jvSa - mbn ImtW-≠X - n√. At∏mƒ thsdmcp Imcyw ]d-bmsX-hø - . Cu πmÃnIv˛ss^_¿ Sm¶v Iƒ F{X-Imew tISp-Iq-Sm-Xn-cn°pw F∂- X m- W v - ˛ - \ - Ω psS Ferro Cement ImcpsS {][m\hm-Zhpw kwi-bhpw.

Fs‚ A\p-`h - Ø - n¬\n∂pw ]d-bs - ´- 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 2 sIm√w ]g-°a - p≈ Sm¶pIƒ Chn-sS D≠v. F√m Sm¶p-Ifpw BKÃv 2011

Ct∏mgpw `{Z-am-W.v CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa InW¿ sh≈-Øn\v am{X-am-bp≈ icmicn 7 sIm√w ]g-°a - p≈ 4 Sm¶p-Iƒ thsd D≠v. G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ ]gb (14 sIm√w) Sm¶v C\nbpw 5˛6 sIm√sa¶nepw \ne-\n¬°pw F∂p IcpXmw AXm-bXv 20 sIm√w! At∏mƒ A\p- ` hw CXmbn- c ns° "]mhw' πmÃnIv Sm¶p-Isf ‘Ferro cement’ Im¿ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n¬ F¥m-W¿∞w?

Ferro cement ImcpsS Plastic Fibre Tank s\Xn-cmb G‰hpw henb Bt£-]hp-amWv Cu Ime-∏g - °w sIm≠p≈ \io-Ic - W hmZw F∂v ASn-hc - b - n´v ]dbmw.

Cu sÃ]v kwhn- [ m\w 3˛4 sIm√sØ ITn\ ]cn-{iaw sIm≠p≠m- b - X m- W v . BZyw sh≈- Ø ns‚ Bhiyw (A- X ym- h - i yw); {ItaW {ItaW hnP-bI - c - a- m-hp-tºmƒ AXv Hcp tlm_n Bbn. ]ns∂ ag-sh≈ kw`c-W-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ km[y-X-Ifpw henb ho´n¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm\p≈ Bth-iw. Cu Hcp Xcw k¿§mflI ]cn-]m-Sn-bnse kpJhpw a\- am-[m-\hpw thdn´ A\p-`hw Xs∂!

Aßs\ ]cn-]mSn ]q¿W hnPbw (200%) t\Sp-tºm-tg°pw Cu t\´Øns‚ kmaq-ly-s]m-Xp-P\ {]m[m-\yhpw, ip≤-Pe - £ - maw sIm≠v Ah-iX - b-\p-`h - n-°p∂ a\p-jy¿°v ^e-{]-Za - m-

b, k¶o¿W-XI - ƒ hfsc Ipd® hfsc user friendly Bb sNdnb Hcp tamUen-s\-°p-dn®v GXp-Xc - Ø - n-ep≈ k{ºZm-b-Øns‚ Cu efn-X-amb (sN-dn-b) tamU-en-s\-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°m-hp-∂XmWv F∂ Bibw tXm∂n. ag-sh≈ kw`-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®pw CubnsS ]e-t∏m-gmbn am[y-a-hm¿ØIƒ h∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmfpw Ferro cement Method D]-tbm-Kn®v ag-sh≈ kw`-c-W-Øns‚ ]cm-Pbw A\p-`-hÿ¿ ]d™v tIƒ°p-tºmfpw Cu coXn sh≈-£maw G‰hpw XojvWambn A\p-`-hn-°p∂ hn`m-K-߃°v-˛Hcp Xc- Ø n- e p≈ ip≤- P e e`yXbv°pw kuI-cy-an-√m-Ø-˛-tXm-Sv-˛-InW¿, ss]∏v, Sm∏v CsXm∂pw ASp-sØßm\pw C√mØ tNcn-{]-tZ-iß - f - nse IpSn¬ hoSp-I-fn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Cu hn`m-K-߃ apX¬, Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw am{Xw sh≈w e`n-°p∂ a‰v hcp-am-\°m-cmb P\-߃°v-˛Cu k{º-Zmbw ag-°m-es - Ø-¶nepw {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-´mHc-\p-{K-la - m-sW-∂p-tXm-∂n. tNcn-{]-tZi-ß-fnse Hmtcm IpSn¬ ho´nepw Hcp Syq_ns‚ A‰sØ Hcp Sm∏v hgn ip≤Pew e`y-am-bm-ep≈ Akp-e-`m-\p{Klw Duln-°m-hp-∂X - t- √-bp-≈q. Cu sNdnb ASn-ÿm\ ÿnXn (Basic Situ- psS IqSnb ation) ¬ XpSßn hy‡n-If kmº-ØnI kmaqly \ne-hm-cØ - n-\-

\p-kc - n®v hn]p-eo-Ic - n®v am‰n-sb-Sp-Øm(Fs‚ ho´n-ep-≈X - p-t]m-se) IqSp-XIqSp-X¬ CjvSw-t]mse e`n-°p∂ agsh≈w ]c- a m- h [n D]- t bm- K n®v th\¬°m-et- Ø°v (th-≠n-h∂ - m¬) kq£n-®p-sh-°m\pw km[n-°pw. kw`cWw hn]p-eo-Ic - n-°m≥ ss^_¿ jo‰v dq^ns‚ hnkvXo¿Ww Iq´p-Ibpw kw`c- W - Ø n\v Sm¶p- I - f psS hen- ∏ hpw FÆhpw Iq´-W-sa∂pw am{Xw. sSd n\v taem-sW-¶n¬ Sm¶p-If - psS hen∏-tØ-°mƒ FÆw Iq´p-∂X - mWv \√Xv. sSd- ns‚ tIm¨{Io‰v …m_v `mcw Xmß-W-a-t√m. C\n hym]m-cm-h-iyØn\v (tlm-ì, tlm´¬ apX-em-b) th≠n-bm-sW-¶n¬ Iptd-°qSn πw_nßv k¶o¿W-am-°n-bm¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-c° - W - °n\v en‰¿ sh≈w Xs∂ sSd- nAt\Iw ss^_¿ Sm¶p-If - n-embn tiJcn-°m≥ km[n-°pw. ho´n¬ InW-tdm, hm´¿ AtXm-dn‰n IW-£t\m D≈-h¿°pw ag-°mew apgp-h-\p-ap≈ ag-sh≈ kw`-cWw ImcWw sh≈-Øns‚ hnebpw InWdn¬\n∂v sh≈w ]ºv sNøm-\p≈ Id‚ v sNehpw Ipd- ° mw. Id‚ v tkhnwKvkv {]tXyIw FSp-Øp-]d - t- b≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. hym]-Ihpw hn]p-e-hpamb coXn-bn¬ (Wide spread and mas- m-sWsive) ag-sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ib ¶n¬ Hcp InW¿ hoSn\v 1 bqWn‰v

Domestic Rain Water Harvesting System (Diagramatic) For Individual House or Small Colony of 8-10 Houses Capacity about 2000 - 3000 Litres at a time/day (on average rain day) 1.

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10. a,b,c 10 b.

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14.

Fibre Sheets Corrugated 10” PVC Channal with filter mateial PVC End Pipe End Pipe Bottom Basin Filter Collcting PL Tank (750 Ltre) 3 /4 or ½ Plastic hose Pipe Plastic 3/4 or ½ inch T Connector Plastic 3/4 or ½ inch End Tap Storage Tanks 500 or 750 Ltrs under Fibre Roof Outlet for Excess Water Supporying Vertical 1½” Tubes Metal Clamps for PVC Channal Supporting Pillars Inter Connecting Hose Tubes NB: Length of Fibre Sheet Roof: 15 Feet Breadth 10 Feet Height:9 Feet top and 5½” Bottom Total Area: 150 sq. Ft. Floor: Concrete with Top Cement Plaster Pvc Channal must be 10 inch Large to Accomodate plenty of filter material Number and capacity of storage tank may slightly vary according to type and area size

imkv{X-KXn

15

10b 1

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1 9

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14

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10a

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3 4

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9 13

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27

1. ÿew (X-d-hn-kvXo¿Ww)˛-sS-d-kn-em-sW-¶n¬

12’x18’ = 220 sq.ft

(approx)

\neØv 14’x20’ = 280 sq.ft.

2. bqWn-‰ns‚ hnkvXo¿Ww (catchment area)15’ \ofw x 10’ hoXn = 150 sq.ft

3. \n¿an-°m-\p≈ Npcp-ßnb kabw sSd- n¬ = 3˛4 Znhkw tIm¨{Io‰v C´ Xd-bn¬ (\n-e-Øv) = 8˛10 Znhkw 4. sNe-hv-˛-jo‰v D≈ sSd- n¬ GI-tZiw = Rs. 16,500 C√mØ = Rs.25,000 kna‚ v tIm¨{Io‰v Xd-bn¬ (\n-e-Øv) = Rs.28,000 5. ss^_¿ dq^v jo‰ns‚ Dbcw ta¬ (D-b¿∂ `mKw) 9 ASn XmW `mKw ˛ 5 1/2 ASn 6. PVC channel (]m-Øn) 8” with ends and drop end with dropper ]mØn 8” Xs∂ thWw. km[m-cW 15 x 10 sqft area °v 4” aXn. ]t£ IqSp-X¬ ss^_¿ km[-\-߃ \nd°m≥ henb (8”) ]mØn Xs∂ thWw. slope of channel 5 1/2 → 51/4 or 5 1/4 → 5

henb Nm\¬ (]m-Øn) Bb extra clamps Dw (Total 8-10) Xmßn\n¿Øm≥ 1/4C©v Syq_v 5 1/4˛2 FÆw 5˛'1, 1/4 tube clamps thWw. Ht∂-Im¬ C©v Syq_v (A-t©-Im¬ ASn-˛2 FÆw, 5 ASn Hsc-Æw) 7. henb ]n.-hn.-kn. ]mØn Acn∏ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v {Uw (A-cn-∏) filter kmt¶-XnI k¶o¿WX Ipd-bv°m≥ Cu bqWn-‰n¬ Hgnhm°n-bn-´p≠v.

8. Sm¶p-Iƒ (πm-Ãn-Iv-˛-ss^-_¿) 750-˛1, 500 en‰¿˛3 Total capacity 2250 litre

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Filter material ˛

t\ctØ Fgp-Xnb Hm´vI-jvWw, sa‰¬ IjvWw (N√n), Icn, Nc¬, B‰va-W¬. \nd-°p-∂-Xn\papºv \∂mbn 4˛5 {]mhiyw IgpIn Ah-km\w bleaching powder sh≈-Øn¬ Igp-Insb-Sp-°W - w.

Plastic or steel Basin 750 litre tank s‚ apIƒ `mKØv sh°m-\p≈ ]mI-Øn-ep-≈X - ˛v- A - S- n-bn¬ sNdnb Ipsd Zzmc-ap-≈X - v. Acn-hm¿°m≥ (Rice strainer type) ]‰p∂ πmÃnIv t_kn≥ BsW-¶n¬ t\¿Ø Iºn NqSm°n 20-˛25 Zzmc-߃ D≠m-°-Ww. hnX-cWw If-£≥ Sm¶n¬\n∂v ]pd-tØ°pw tÃmtdPv Sm¶n-te°pw tÃmtdPv Sm¶p-Iƒ XΩnepw 3/4” or 1/2” plastic hose tube hgn Sm¶v apI-fn¬ IqSntbm apI-fn¬ hi-Øn¬ Zzmcw D≠m-°nbpw \S-Ømw.

Hcp Sm∏n¬ IqSp-X¬ hnX-cWw πmÃnIv 3/4 Hm 1/2 Hm connector to connector apX-em-bh hgnbpw plastic end tap hgn πw_nMv tPmen Ign-bp-∂{X Hgn-hm-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv Cu G¿∏m-Sv. Sm¶n¬\n∂v ASpØ Sm¶n-te°v lukv Syq_v hgn Suction-gravity-syphon action hgn sh≈w FØn-°mw. 3˛masØ (A-hk - m-\s - Ø) Sm¶n¬ \nd™v A[nI sh≈w ]pd-tØ°v Hgp-°n-°-f-bp-I-tbm, ASpØ InW-dnte°v (D-s≠-¶n¬) Hgp-°p-I-tbm, thsd FIvkv{Sm kw`-c-Wn-bntet°m \nd-°mw. BZy-ambn F√m Sm¶p-If - nepw sh≈w \nd-™mGI-tZiw 100 {Kmw ªo®nwKv ]uU¿ 20 en‰¿ sh≈-Øn¬ Ie°n sNfn-sh≈w Fibre sheet te°v Aev]mev]w ]m‰n Fdn-™mss^_¿ jo‰v ]mØn ^n¬‰¿, t_kn≥ ^n¬‰¿ If-ISv nwKv Sm¶nse sh≈w F√mw t¢mdn-t\‰v sNbvXp ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw. _m°n sh≈w GI-tZiw 100 an√n hoXw 3 tÃmtdPv Sm¶n¬ t\cn´v Hgn®v t¢mdn-t\‰v sNømw. bqWn‰v F√mw icn-bm°n sk‰v sNbvXm¬ XpS-°Ø - n¬ Xs∂ ta¬∏d™ amXncn ªo®nwKv ]uU¿ t¢mdn-t\-j≥ ip≤o-I-cWw \S-ØWw. BZysØ 3˛4 ag-bpsS sh≈w (t_-kn≥ ^n¬‰¿) am‰n Collection Tank s‚ aqSn AS®v ]pd-tØ°v Hgp-°n-°-f-b-Ww.

sshZypXn em`n-®m¬ Hcp e£w hoSpIƒ°v Hcp Znhkw Hcp e£w bqWn‰v \nc-°n¬ amkw 30 e£w bqWn‰pw icmicn 5 ag-am-k-ß-fn¬ 30x5=150 e£w bqWn‰pw sshZypXn em`n-°mw. sh≈-an√msX IjvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ CjvSw-t]mse [mcmfw sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂t- Xm-sSm∏w sshZypXn D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v kmº-ØnI em`hpw sshZypXn t_m¿Un\v Cu sshZypXn D]-tbm-K-°p-dhv AXpey t\´hp-am-bn-cn-°pw.

GXm-bmepw ta¬°m-c-W-ß-sf√mw sIm≠v Cu efn- X hpw kmt¶- X n- I X hfsc Ipd-hm-bX - pw, sabv‚\ - ≥kv sNehv Xosc C√m-ØXpw Hcp-am-Xncn hnZym-`ymkhpw Btcm-Ky-hp-ap≈ B¿°pw \nb{¥n-°m≥ ]‰p-∂-Xp-amb kwhn-[m-\-am-bncn°pw sh≈-Øn-s‚bpw sshZyp-Xn-bpsSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ tIc-fo-b-cpsS `mhnbnse kwXr-]vXn-bp-sSbpw kºq¿W-Xb - psSbpw {][m\ LS-Iw. C\n CtXm-Sp-tN¿Øv Nn{X-Ønse G‰hpw sNdnb Hcp ag-sh≈ kw`-cW hnX-c-W-Øns‚ Npcp-ßnb hnh-c-Whpw {]tXy-I-Xbpw ]d-bmw. Nn{Xw Xs∂ (kzbw hnh-cW - m-flI - w)-BW - v.

Ah-km-\-ambn Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø. t\csØ Nne ÿeØv kqNn-∏n® Imcy-ßsf apgp-h\mbn Hm¿an-∏n-°m≥ th≠n. AXm-bXv Ct∏m-gsØ ]pXnb (Rm≥ kzoI-cn-®) πmÃn-I˛v- s - s^-_¿ Sm¶v satØ-Un-s‚bpw ]cm- P - b - s ∏´p F∂v Adn- b - s ∏- S p∂ Ferrocement tank Method s‚bpw hyXymkw GI-tZiw 10-˛12 sIm√w apºv Bhn-jvI-cn® Ferrocement Method s‚ A∂sØ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ BI¿jWo-bX AXns‚ hne-°p-dhv Bbn-cp-∂p. {]tXy-In®v A∂sØ A]q¿h e`y-amb Plastic fibre syntex tank AXp-hsc \ne\n∂v concrete/Bricks/Stone masonary tank ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ. F∂mC∂v Imew amdn-bt- ∏mƒ hne-bpsS Imcyw hn]-co-X-Zn-i-bn-em-bn. kna‚ v, Iºn, Iºnh-e, aW¬, {Kmss\‰v ]okkv F√m-‰n\pw hne 1˛5 Cc- ´ n- b m- b n. te_¿ Nm¿Pv AXnepw IqSn Cu hne- ° - b - ‰ - Ø n\v ]pdsa k¶o¿W-Xbpw hnZKv≤ sXmgn-emfn-bpsS Zu¿e-`y-hpw. πmÃnIv Sm¶p-Iƒ BIs´ CjvSw t]mse ]gb hne°v Xs∂ e`y-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. s^tdm kna‚ v Sm¶ns‚ \nb-{¥nX ]cn-anXn (Restricted) {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw IqSn Bbt∏mƒ s^tdm kna‚ v Sm¶ns‚ {]tbmP\w Ime-lc - W - s - ∏´p F∂p-Xs∂ kwibn-°W - w. F∂m¬ Bƒ°m-cpsS a\- nag-sh-≈w-=Ip-Sn-sh≈w= Ferrocement tank F∂ A{]m-tbm-KnI hnizmkw hn´p-amdmsX \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. BKÃv 2011

Ccp- co-Xn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ Xmc-X-ayw. s^tdm-kn-a‚ v Sm¶v

πmÃnIv Sm¶v

th\¬ ImeØv IpSn-sh-≈Øn\pth≠n kw`-cn®v kq£n-®p-hbv-°m≥ am{Xw Ipd™ kw`-c-Whpw hnX-c-W-hpw.

ag-°m-eØv CjvSw-t]mse D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw ]n∂oSv th\¬°m-eØv D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ kq£n-®p-h-bv°m\pw IqSnb (]-c-am-h-[n) kw`-c-Whpw hnX-c-W-hpw.

Ferrocement tank

\n¿amWw hfsc k¶o¿Whpw Ct∏mƒ sNehv IqSn-bXpw km[m-cW tak-Wn\v sNøm≥ ]‰m-ØX - pamWv.

s]s´∂p jm∏n¬ (I-Sb - n¬)-sN∂v hmßn-°mw. t^m¨ sNbvXm¬ t]mepw Nne-t∏mƒ ho´n-se-Øn®p Xcpw.

Xd-bn¬ (\n-e-Øv) Acn-s®-Sp-°-epw, kw`-c-Whpw hnX-c-W-hpw. hnX-cWw XmgsØ Xd-hn-Xm-\Ø - nNpcp-ßnb ÿe-tØ-°p-am{Xw

Acn-s®-SpØ If-£-\pw, tase sSd- n]e-bn-SØpw kw`-c-Whpw hoSns‚ ]e-\ne bnte°pw ÿeØpw kw`-cW hnX-c-Whpw \S-Ømw.

hoSns‚ apI-fn¬ {]tXyIw Sm¶nte°v ]ºv sNbvXv sh≈w Ib-‰n-bm¬ Sm¶ns‚ hnebpw Ce-Iv{SnIv Id≠v Nm¿Pv thsdbpw

CØcw Bh-iy-߃ (G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ) Bhiy an√-˛-I-f-£≥ tÃmtd-Pv, hnX-cWw F√mw tase sSd- n¬\n∂v

\neØv (X-d-bn¬) hne-s∏´ ÿew ÿnc-ambn th≠n-hcpw (\-jvS-s∏-Spw)

CXns‚ Bh-iy-an√ an°-hmdpw F√mw sSd˛ ns‚ apI-fn¬\n-∂p-X-s∂.

^n¬‰¿ FSpØv ip≤o-I-cn-°m≥ hfsc {]bm-k-am-Wv. am‰m≥ FIvkv]¿´v h¿°¿ thWw.

Ffp-∏-Øn¬ B¿°pw FSpØv ip≤o-I-cn°mw ]pXn-bh \nd°mw B¿°pw sNøm≥ ]‰pw.

I´n-bp≈ tXß, Hme, ac-s°mºv apX-em-bh hoWm¬ XI-cm-dmhpw ac-Øns‚ thcp-Ifpw XI-cmdp hcpØpw

AØcw {]iv\-ta-bn√ sSd- n¬ Bb-Xn-\m¬

Sm¶v ip≤o-I-cn-°m≥ hfsc {]bm-kta-dn-bX - mWv

`mcw Ipd-hm-b-Xn-\m¬ πmÃnIv Sm¶v IgpIn sNcn®pw adn-®n´pw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hrØn-bm°mw

sh≈-Øns‚ ip≤-X-˛-a-\p-jy¿ s]cp-am-dp∂ kna‚ v sSd- n\n∂p≈ t{kmX- n¬ amen-\y-߃ IqSpw. {]tXy-In®v Aen™v tNcp∂ Acn-∏-bnAcn-s®Sp°m\m-ImØ amen-\y-߃ sSd v ÿnc-ambn s]cp-am-dp∂ (D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂) ÿe amI-bm¬ BZysØ ag-sh≈w Hgn-hm-°n-bmepw XpS¿ D]-tbmKw sIm≠v sSd- n¬ amen\yw hcpw. ]q∏¬, ]® apX-em-bh kna‚ v sSd- n¬ hf¿∂pw hrØn-tI-Sp-≠m-°pw.

a\p-jy¿ s]cp-am-dmØ ss^_¿ jo‰ns‚ sNcn™ {]X-e-Øn¬ CØcw amen-\yß fpsS {]iv\-an-√. ]q∏¬, ]® (Algae) ss^_¿ jo‰n¬ hf-cp-I-bn-√. BZy 2 ag Ign-™mss^_¿ jo‰v k¿t^kv F∂pw ¢o≥ Bbn XpS-cpw.

Xd-bn¬, \neØv Dd-∏n® am‰m≥ km[n-°mØ Acn-s®-Sp-°¬ kw`-cW hnX-cWw Filtration, collection, storage & distribution Hcp-an®v \S-Øp∂ H‰ Sm¶v

hoSns‚ ]e-\n-e-bn¬ (X-´n¬) hbv°m-hp∂ am‰m-hp-∂, hnX-cWw F√m ÿeØpw FØn-°m-hp∂ aƒ´n-∏nƒ Sm¶v knÃw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\w.

hym]-Ia - mb ag-sh≈ kw`-cW - Ø - ns‚ C∂sØ ]cm-Pb - Ø - n\v ImcWw CXpXs∂ F∂v F\n°v tXm∂p-∂p. 2 satØUpw (k-{º-Zm-b-߃) XΩnep≈ {][m\ hyXymkw Fgp-Xmw.

kwhn-[m-\w.

Zo¿L-amb Cu hnh-c-W-Øn¬imkv{X-KXn

\n∂pw C∂sØ \ne-bn¬ hn]p-ehpw hym]-I-hp-amb (wide spread and massive) {]tXy-In®pw Km¿ln-I-am-b, agsh≈ kw`-c-W-hn-X-cW D]-tbm-KØn\v G‰hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Hcp k{º-Zmbw πmÃn-Iv-˛-ss^-_¿ Sm¶v satØUv Xs∂ Fs∂-\n°v tXm∂p-

∂p. ag-°m-esØ hn]p-ehpw hym]I-hp-amb ag-sh≈ kw`-c-W-hn-X-cW D]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS lcn-X-hn-π-h-tam, [h-f-hn-π-h-tam, t]mse Hcp \oe-hnπhw Xs∂ (blue revolution) \m´nkrjvSn-°-s∏-St´ F∂v Rm≥ B{Kln-°p∂p, Biw-kn-°p-∂p.

29

hnI-k\w s{]m^. ]n.sI. cho-{μ≥

hml\s∏cp-∏hpw ]m¿°nwKv \bhpw kmº-ØnI amμyw an° taJ-e-I-sfbpw _m[n-®-t∏mƒ `mcX k¿°m¿ \S-∏m°nb amμy-hn-cp≤ ]mt°-Pp-I-fn¬ ap¥nb ]cnKW\ e`n-®Xv hml\ hyh-kmb-Øn-\m-Wv. s]m∂n\pw aÆn\pw ]Xn-∑-Sßv hne h¿[n-®-t∏mƒ hml\ hnebn¬ kam-\-amb hne h¿≤-\hv A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-√. Ccp-N-{I-hm-l-\-ßfpw tamt´m¿ Imdp-Ifpw CS-Ø-c-°m-c\v Isø-Øm-hp∂ Db-c-Øn-em-bn. A©p-h¿j°m-e-b-f-hp-sIm≠v hml-\-ß-fpsS FÆw Cc-´n-bmbn h¿[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

hn

I-k\w F∂pw Hcp N¿®m-hn-jb-am-Wv. F¥mWv hnI-k\w F∂-Xns\-°p-dn®v A`n-{]mb sFIyw Cs√¶nepw hnI-k\ IpXn∏pw hnI-k\ apc-Sn∏pw cmjv{Sob kwhm-Z-ß-fnÿnc- a mbn CSw ]nSn- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v .

Fs¥√mw A`n-{]mb `n∂-X-I-fp-s≠¶nepw IqSp- X ¬ tdmUp- I ƒ, \√ tdmUp-Iƒ, IqSp-X¬ hml-\-߃

30

F∂nh hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Zriy kqNI-ßf - m-bmWv hen-sbmcp hn`mKw IW°m-°p-∂X - v. sSd-kv hoSpw Imdpw {^nUvPpw ]Wap≈-h\p e`n-®m¬ \m´nhnI-k\ - a - m-sb-t∂m¿Øp \S-°p∂ hnhcw sIt´msc \mSn- ∂ - ] - I - S - a mWo Nn¥m- K Xn, AXp a\- n-en-cp-t∂ms´

F∂v ]≠p Ipsd ]cn-j-Øp-Im¿ ]mSn \S-s∂-¶nepw tdmUpw Imdpw Xs∂-bmWv C∂pw hnI-k\ - w. kmº-ØnI amμyw an° taJ-e-Isfbpw _m[n-®t- ∏mƒ `mcX k¿°m¿ \S-∏m-°nb amμy-hn-cp≤ ]mt°-Pp-Ifn¬ ap¥nb ]cnKW\ e`n- ® Xv hml\ hyh- k m- b - Ø n- \ m- W v. s]m∂n\pw aÆn\pw ]Xn-∑-Sßv hne BKÃv 2011

]´nI 1 2006 epw 2011 epw tIc-f-Øn¬ cPn-kvt{S-j-\p≈ hml-\-ß-fpsS FÆw tamt´m¿Im¿ kzImcy Bhiyw

2006 2011

4.98 e£w 10.54 e£w

tamt´m¿ ssk°nƒ

20.99- e£w 35.93 e£w

h¿[n-®-t∏mƒ hml\ hne-bn¬ kam\-amb hne h¿≤-\hv A\p-`-h-s∏-´n√. Ccp-N-{I-hm-l-\-ßfpw tamt´m¿ Imdp-Ifpw CS-Ø-c-°m-c\v Isø-Ømhp∂ Db-c-Øn-em-bn. CS-Ø-c-°m¿°v ap≥Xq- ° - a p≈ tIcfwt]mep≈ kwÿm-\Øv CXv {]I-S-ambn A\p-`h- s ∏- ´ p. A©p- h ¿j- ° m- e - b - f - h psIm≠v hml-\-ß-fpsS FÆw GItZiw Cc-´n-bmbn h¿[n-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. tamt´m¿ hml- \ - ß - f psS samØw FÆw 2006 am¿®v 31-˛se 35.58 e£Øn¬\n∂v 2011 am¿®v Bb-t∏m-tg°v 60.39 e£w Bbn h¿[n-®p. kzImcy D]-tbm-K-Øn-\p≈ tamt´m¿ Imdp-IfpsS FÆw 4.98 e£-Øn¬\n∂v 10.54 e£-am-bmWv h¿[n-®X - v; 112 iX-am-\w.

A©p-h¿jw sIm≠v hml-\-ß-fpsS FÆ-Øn-ep-≠mb h¿[\ ]´nI 1ImWm-hp-∂X - m-W.v 70 e£w IpSpw-_-ß-fp≈ tIc-fØn¬ 60.39 e£w tamt´m¿ hml-\ß-fp-≠v. CXn¬ 10.54 e£w kzImcy Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ Imdp-I-fm-Wv. 15.06 iX-am\w IpSpw-_-߃°pw kz¥w Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ Im¿ D≠v F∂v A\p-am-\n-°mw. CXv kmº-ØnI ]ptcmK-Xn-bp-sSbpw kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw kqNI- a mbn IW- ° m- ° p∂hcp- a p- ≠ v . kzImcy Bh-iy-Øn-\p-]t- bm-Kn-°p∂ Po∏p-Iƒ IqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-Ømhml-\-kwJy 11.32 e£-am-Ipw. CXv samØw IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS 16.17 iX-am\-am-Wv. s]mXp KXm-K-X-kw-hn-[m\w hf-cm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw kzImcy hml-\ß-ƒ s]cp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv ChnsS kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hf¿®-bpsS Zqjy-^e - ß - f - n{][m\w h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ tdmU-]-I-Sßfpw {][m\ hoYn-I-fnse {Sm^nIv tªm°p-I-fp-am-Wv. t^mkn¬ C‘-\ß-fpsS AanX D]-tbmKw aqe-ap-≠mIp∂ hmbp aen-\o-I-c-W-Øn\pw CXv CS- h - c p- Ø p- ∂ p- ≠ v . hml- \ - ß - f psS FÆ-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ h¿[-\h - n-\\ - p-kcn®v tdmUns‚ \of-Ønepw hoXn-bnepw hyXym-k-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√. tIc-f-Øn173592 In.-ao. tdmUp-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. samØw `qhn-kX v r-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏Sp-Øn-bm¬ CXv N.-In.-ao-‰-dn\v 4.47 In.ao. BWv. tZiob icm-ic - n-bpsS \mepimkv{X-KXn

Hmt´m-dn£ (]m-k-©¿)

3.42 e£w 5.18 e£w

BsI hml-\-߃

35.58 e£w 60.39 e£w

a-S-ßn¬ IqSp-X-em-Wn-Xv. h\-`qan Hgnhm°n tdmUp-km-{μX IW-°m-°nbm¬ Nn.-In.-ao-‰-dn\v 6.18 In.-ao-‰¿ F∂ IW-°mWp In´p-I. CXv hfsc henb tdmUp km{μ-Xb - m-Wv. C\nbpw tdmUpIƒ km[y-am-ImØ Ah-ÿb - m-Wp-≈sX-∂p-km-cw. samØw tdmUn¬ 70.42 iX-am\w AXm-bXv 122232 In.-ao. ]©m-bØp tdmUp-I-fm-Wv. 16.25 iX-am\w hcp∂ ]n.-Uªnbp.Un tdmUp-Ifpw F´p ao‰tdmfw am{Xw hoXn- b p≈hbm- W v . tZiob ]mX-bpsS hoXn kw_-‘n®p≈ X¿°-ßfpw kPo-h-ambn \ne\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. tdmUp-Iƒ hoXn Iq´pI F∂Xv e£-°-W-°n\v IpSpw_-ßs - fbpw I®-hS- ÿ - m-]\ - ß - s - fbpw IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-®p-sIm≠p am{Xta km[yam-Iq. C°q-´sc am\y-ambn ]p\-c-[n-hkn- ∏ n- ° pI {]mtbW Akm- [ y- a msW∂ Xncn-®-dn-hmWv tdmUp hnIk\w ChnsS hgn-ap-´p∂ Ah-ÿ-bnse-Øp-∂-Xn\p Imc-Ww. ]©m-bØp tdmUp-If - n¬ alm-`q-cn-]£ - hpw Hmt´mdn-£I - ƒ°p k©-cn-°m≥ ]mI-Ønaq∂p-ao-‰-dn¬ Xmsg hoXn-bn¬ D≠m°n-bh - b - m-W.v IqSp-X¬ tdmUp-If - p-≠m°mt\m tdmUp-I-fpsS ImtcyPv th h¿[n-∏n-°mt\m Ign-bmsX hml\ km{μX Cc-´n-bm-°n-bm¬ hml-\-

߃°v k©-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kmlNcyw D≠m-hmsX hø. tIc-f-Ønse sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \K-cß - fpw \Kc kz`m-ha - m¿Pn®p XpS-ßnb ]©m-bØ - pIfpw CØ- c - Ø n¬ ""izmkwap´n''s°m≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Xnc-t°-dnb ÿe-ß-fn¬, {]tXyIn®pw \K-c-ß-fn¬ hml-\-X-S w D≠m- I p- ∂ - X ns‚ {][m- \ - I m- c Ww tdmUn¬ hml-\-߃ ]m¿°p sNøp∂- X m- W v . hmWnPy ÿm]- \ - ß ƒ, A∏m¿´p-sa‚p-Iƒ, HmUn-t‰m-dn-bß - ƒ, Bcm-[-\m-e-b-߃ Ch-bvs°m-∂pwXs∂ hml-\-߃ ]m¿°p sNøp-∂Xn-\p≈ kuI-cy-ß-fn-√. 1999 hsc ]m¿°nwKv kuIcyw A{X Kuc-hap≈ Imcy-ambn sI´nS \n¿amW N´ß-fn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ct∏mƒ sI´n-SØ - ns‚ Xchpw hen-∏hpw A\pk-cn®v ]m¿°nwKv kuI-cy-߃ \nba- { ]- I mcw \n¿_- ‘ - a m- ° n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v .

F∂m¬ sI´nS \n¿amW A\p-aXn hmßp-tºmƒ ]m¿°nwKv Gcn-b-bmbn ImWn-°p∂ ÿew ]n∂oSv a‰m-h-iy߃°p-]t- bm-Kn-°p-Ibpw hml-\ß - ƒ tdmUn¬ ]m¿°p sNøp-Ibpw BWv sI´nS DS-a-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xv. CXns‚ ^e-ambn hmWnPy ÿm]-\-߃, kn\n-am-im-e-Iƒ, HmUn-t‰m-dn-b-߃, A∏m¿´p-sa‚p-Iƒ, Bcm-[\ - m-eb - ß - ƒ F∂n-h-bn-se-Øp-∂-h-cpsS hml-\߃ ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ tdmUnXeßpw hneßpw ]m¿°p sNbvXn-cn°p∂ Imgv N - b mWv Fßp- a p- ≈ - X v . tdmUv kzImcy hml-\-߃ ]m¿°v sNøm-\p≈XmsW∂pw AXn-\mWv X߃ hml\ \nIpXn \¬Ip-∂-sX∂p-amWv `qcn-]£w hml\ DS-a-Ifpw

31

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. hml-\-\n-IpXn tdmUn-eqsS hml\w HmSn-°p-∂-Xn\mWv; hml\w ]m¿°p sNøp-∂X - n-\√. tdmU-cp-Intem {]tXy-Ia - mbn k÷am-°nb ]m¿°nwKv ÿe-ßf - ntem \nbam-\p-krXw ^okp \¬In hml-\ß - ƒ ]m¿°v sNøm-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-amWv D≠m-t°-≠-Xv. ]m¿°v sNøm-hp∂ ÿe-ßfpw ]m¿°v sNø-cp-XmØ ÿe-ßfpw {]tXyIw AS-bm-f-s∏SpØn \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw thWw. tdmUp-I-fpsS DS-a-ÿ-X, ]cn-]me\ Npa- X e F∂h hyXykv X GP≥kn-Iƒ°mWv F∂Xv Hcp GIoIrX kwhn-[m\w Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂Xn\v XS- -am-Wv. hml\ KXm-KXw \nb-{¥n-°p∂ GP≥kn-Iƒ (B¿.-Sn.F.bpw t]meo-kpw) tdmUv ]cn-]m-e-\hp-ambn _‘-an-√mØhcp-am-W.v C°mc-W-ß-fm¬ Nn´-bmb Hcp ]m¿°nwKv \bw \S-∏m-°m≥ GsX-¶nepw Hcp GP≥knsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v. CXv _‘-s∏´ \K-c-k-`-bm-Ip-∂XmWv \√-X.v AØ-cØ - n-emWv k¿°mcns‚ \b-tc-Jb - n¬ Npa-Xe \¬Inbn´p-≈-Xv. ]m¿°nw-Kn\v {]tXyI ÿe߃ kz¥-ambn Is≠Øn kuIcyw krjvSn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂Xv \K-ck - `-bpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. kzImcy kwcw`-Isc C°m-cy-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn ]m¿°nwKv kuIcyw h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøm- h p- ∂ - X m- W v . tdmU- c nInse ]m¿°nwKv \nb-{¥W hnt[-ba - m-°W - w.

32

]m¿°nw-Kn\v {]tXyI ÿe-߃ kz¥-ambn Is≠Øn kuIcyw krjvSn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂Xv \K-c-k-`-bpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. kzImcy kwcw-`-Isc C°m-cyØn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn ]m¿°nwKv kuIcyw h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNømhp-∂-Xm-Wv. tdmUcnInse ]m¿°nwKv \nb{¥W hnt[-b-am-°-Ww. P\-ß-fp-sSbpw hml-\ß-fp-sSbpw kpK-a-amb k©m-c-Øn\v XS w hcmØ coXn-bn-em-IWw CXv. {]tXyI ]m¿°nwKv Gcn-b-bn-te-Xp-t]mse tdmU-cnIn¬ \n›-bn°p∂ ÿe-ß-fnepw ]m¿°p sNøp-∂Xn\v ^okv G¿s∏-Sp-Øntb ]‰q.

Fhn- s S- s b√mw ]m¿°p sNømw FhnsS ]m¿°p sNø-cpXv F∂nh Bh-iy-amb ]T-\-ß-fpsS klm-btØmsS Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww. P\-ß-fpsSbpw hml-\-ß-fp-sSbpw kpK-a-amb k©m-cØ - n\v XS w hcmØ coXn-bnem-IWw CXv. {]tXyI ]m¿°nwKv Gcnb-bn-te-Xp-t]mse tdmU-cnIn¬ \n›bn-°p∂ ÿe-ßf - nepw ]m¿°p sNøp∂Xn\v ^okv G¿s∏-Sp-Øntb ]‰q. an° hmWnPy kv Y m]- \ ߃°pw (tlm´-ep-Ifpw kq∏¿ am¿°-‰p-I-fpapƒs∏sS) ]m¿°nwKv kuIcyw C√. sI´nS \n¿amW πm\n¬ ]m¿°nw-Kn\p ImWn-®n-cp∂ ÿew ASp-°-ftbm tÃmtdm B°n am‰n-bn-cn-°pw. HmUnt‰m-dn-bß - f - p-sSbpw Bcm-[\ - m-eb - ß - f - psSbpw kn\n-am-im-e-I-fp-sS-t]mepw Ahÿ CXm-Wv. Xß-fpsS ÿm]-\Øns‚ ap≥h- i sØ \S- ∏ m- X bpw tdmUpw Xß-fp-tS-Xm-sW-∂mWv IS-bpS-aÿ - c - psS `mhw. AhnsS apgp-h≥ kabhpw kz¥w hml\w ]m¿°p sNøpIbpw ""A\y-hm-l-\-߃'' A\p-h-Zn°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ÿm]-\ß- f psS ap≥h- i sØ tdmUn]m¿°nwKv \nb- { ¥n- ° m≥ kz¥w ""skIyq-cn‰n Poh-\-°msc'' C°q-´¿ \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. CsXmcp ""kam¥c {Sm^nIv t]meokm''Wv. Xß-fpsS bP-am-\∑ - m¿°p-th≠n tdmUp Itødn Iogvs]-Sp-Øm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°s - ∏-´n-´p-≈h¿ Cu kwhn-[m\w Ah-km-\n-∏nt® ]‰q. IS-bpsS ap≥h-isØ tdmUpw s]mXp-]-W-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v k¿°mtcm \K-ck - `- tbm hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-ØX - m-W.v AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ "hmSI' \¬tI- ≠ - X p- ≠ v . bYm¿∞- Ø nhml\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ÿe-Øn\v am¿°‰p \nc-°n¬ e`y-am-tI≠ hmSI-bmWv ]m¿°nwKv ^okmbn hmtß≠-Xv. CXn¬ Ipd-hmWv ]m¿°nwKv ^okmbn hkq¬ sNøp-∂-sX-¶nAXv kzImcy hml\ DS- a bv ° v k_vknUn \¬Ip-∂X - n\v Xpey-am-Wv. kzImcy hml\ DS-a-I-fpw, Hmt´m, SmIvkn, tÃPv Imtcy-Pp-Iƒ F∂nhbpw k¿°m-cn¬ \nt∂m \Kc k`I-fn¬\nt∂m k_vknUn A\p-`-hn°p∂p F∂Xv Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

F√m-Øcw k_vkn-Un-Iƒ°p-sa-Xnsc hmNm-e-cm-Ip∂hcmWv Ch-cn¬ alm`q-cn-]£ - h - p-sa-∂Xv Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kam-W.v \K-c-k-`-Iƒ°v hcp-am\w e`n-°psa-∂X - n-\p-]cn hml-\K - X - m-KXw kpKa-am-°m≥ CXv klm-bn-°pw. P\-ßsf Ipd-®p-IqSn DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≈-hcpw kmaqly Pohn-If - p-am-°m-\pw.

BKÃv 2011

hnZym-`ymkw sIbv≥ sslsUm°v

tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]co-£-W-˛-\n-co-£-W-߃ \SØn AXn-s\-°pdn®v Nn¥n®v ]pXnb imkv{Xob coXn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m≥ t{]c-I-am-hp-∂XmtWm \ΩpsS hnZym-`ymkw? CXv hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ imkv{Xob k{º-Zm-b-ßsf-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ XmXv]-cy-hpw, Pm{K-Xbpw P\n-∏n-°psam? hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw bYm¿∞ PohnX {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, XcWw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Ignhv h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ klm-b-I-c-am-Ipsam?

imkv{X hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚

Ahÿm hnti-j-߃ \

ΩpsS hnZym-eb - ß - f - n¬ imkv{X-]T\w icn-bmb coXn-bn-emsWm \S-°p∂Xv? tZiob imkv{X hnZym-`ymk {]Z¿i-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v GXm\pw anI® imkv{X hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-ambn kw`m- j Ww \S- Ø p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n.

AXns‚ hni-Zmw-iß - f - mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv. imkv{X hnZym-`ym-kØ - ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \ΩpsS cmjv{S-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-¥m-sW∂v CXn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ipw. imkv{X-KXn

hyXykvX Xc-Øn-ep≈ acp-∂p-Isf-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ hn⁄m-\{]-Z-amb Hcp t{]mP-IvSmWv Hcp Iq´w hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠p-h∂ - ncp-∂-Xv. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ acp-∂p-I-sf°p-dn-®p≈ amXr-I-Iƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-®ncp-∂p. Cw•o-jn¬ BI¿j-Ia - mb coXnbn¬ acp-∂p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hni-Zmwi-߃ Xbm-dm-°n-s°m-≠p-h∂ - n-cp-∂p. lnμn-bnepw \√ coXn-bn¬ dnt∏m¿´v Xbm-dm°n sIm≠ph∂n-cp-∂p.

Ah- c psS dnt∏m¿´n- e qsS H∂v ItÆm-Sn-®-Xn-\p-tijw Rm\-h-tcmSv tNmZn-®p˛ ""Cu acp-∂p-Iƒ \√-XmsW∂v \n߃s°- ß s\ hnhcw In´n?'' ""CXv \√-Xm-sW∂v Rm≥ Xm¶ƒ°p-d∏p Xcp-∂p, Fs∂ hnizkn°mw''˛Hcp hnZym¿∞n ]d-™p. ""Fßs\ a\- n- e mbn \√- X msW∂v?''˛Rm≥ tNmZn-®p. ""B hy‡n ]d™p \√-Xm-sW∂v-'' -t]m-Ã-dnse Hcp t^mt´m Nq≠n-

33

°m´n B hnZym¿∞n ]d-™p. ""F¥psIm-≠mWmhy‡n-bn¬ hnizm-ka - ¿∏n®Xv?'' ""Hcp kv{XobpsS c≠v InUv\n-Ifpw {]h¿Ø\ cln-X-am-bn. Ah¿ Cu acp∂v Ign®v kpJ- s ∏- ´ - X mbn B hy‡n Rß-tfmSv ]d™p-'' as‰mcp hnZym¿∞n hni-Zo-I-cn-®p. ""icn, Cu acp∂v Ign- ® - X ns\ XpS¿∂v B kv{Xo kpJ-s∏-´p. \√ Imcyw. F∂m-eXv \n߃s°-ßs - \-bdnbmw? C\n Ah¿ Cu acp∂v Ign-®ncp-∂n-s√-¶n-sem, At∏m-sf¥v kw`hn°pw? Hcp ]s£ Cu acp∂v Ign®n-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw Ah¿ kpJ-s∏-´n-cp∂p-sh-¶n-sem-''-Rm-s\mcp X¿°-Øn\v XpS-°-an-´p. ""C√ Ah¿ acn- ° p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p.

InUv\n am‰n hbv°p-Ib - √ - msX as‰mcp am¿K-hp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.'' ""AXv \nß- s f- ß - s \- b - d n- ™ p Ah¿ Cu acp∂v Ign-®n-cp∂p F∂v, C\n Ah¿ Cu acp∂v Ign-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂v hbv ° p- I . F¶n- e - h ¿s°¥v kw`-hn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn-s\-°pdn®v \n߃s°- s ¥- ¶ nepw Adnbmsam?''

34

imkv{Xw tIhew hnh-cß-fp-sSbpw hnh¿Ø-\ß-fp-sSbpw t]c-√. imkv{Xob coXn-b-\p-kcn®psIm≠mWv \ΩpsS At\z-jWw ]ptcm-K-an°p-∂-Xv. AXv ]pXnb tNmZy-߃ Db¿Øp-∂p.

AXv Hcp A\p-am-\-Ønte°pw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-Ønte°pw \bn-°p-∂p. kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ t]mjW-Øn-\mbn \Ωƒ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ]co£-W-ß-fnepw G¿s∏-´psIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

""Ah¿ ac-Ws - ∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhcpsS saUn-°¬ dnt∏m¿´n¬ AØ-cØn-ep≈ kqN-\-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.'' ""icn-bmWv saUn-°¬ dnt∏m¿´nFgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.'' as‰mcp hnZym¿∞n klm-bØ - n-s\-Øn. ""AsXmcp tUmIvSd - psS dnt∏m¿´mbn-cp-∂p.''˛th-sdmcp hnZym¿∞n ]d™p.- F¥m tUmIvS¿°v sX‰v ]‰n°qsS?˛Rm≥ tNmZn-®p. ""C√ Aßs\ kw`- h n- ° n- √ .

Xm¶ƒ°v Rßsf hniz-kn-°mw. Cu acp∂v \√-XmWv''˛A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ ]d™p. ""Fs∂ ]d™p a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°q, Rm≥ hnizkn-°mw. Imc-W߃ IrXy-ambn ]d-bq. Cu acp∂v Ign-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Hcp kv{Xo kpJs∏´p F∂v \n߃ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂mCu acp∂v Ign-®n´pw F{X t]¿°v AkpJw amdn-bn-´n√ F∂-Xn-s\-°pdn®v \n߃°v hnh-c-apt≠m? Hcp tcmKn kpJ-s∏-Sp-tºm-tg°pw Hcp acp∂n¬ ]q¿W hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°m-\mhptam? \n߃ Hcp imkv{X-⁄-\msW- ¶ n¬ Cu acp∂v \√sXm NoØsbm F∂v Fß-s\-bmWv sXfnbn-°pI?'' Ah¿ anSp-°-cmb hnZym¿∞n-I-fmsW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ F\n°v kwi-ba - n√. Cu t{]mPIvSn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ Iptd-tbsd an\-s°-´n-cp-∂p. Hcp]mSv hnh-cß - fpw tiJ-cn-®n-cp-∂p. cmPysØ G‰hpw anI® imkv{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Ifmbn sXc-s™-Sp-Øh - c - psS Iq´-Øn-ep≈-hc - m-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. F∂m¬ Ah¿ imkv{Xw ]Tn-®n-cp-∂pshm? imkv{Xob coXn-Isf°pdn®v th≠{X [mcW Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂mWv F\n°v tXm∂n-bX - v. X߃ ]pkvXI - ßfn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ Imcy-ßf - n¬ tNmZy߃ tNmZn- ° - W - s a∂ hnNmcw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. tNmZy-ßf - p-∂bn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚-bpw, {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnte¿s∏- S p- ∂ - X n- s ‚bpw t]cmWv imkv{Xw. CXn-eqsS tNmZy-߃°v DØcw e`n-°p-∂p. imkv { Xw tIhew hnh- c - ß - f psSbpw hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw t]c-√. imkv{Xob coXn-b\ - p-kc - n®psIm≠mWv \ΩpsS At\z-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂Xv. AXv ]pXnb tNmZy-߃ Db¿Øp∂p. AXv Hcp A\p-am-\-Øn-te°pw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-Øn-te°pw \bn-°p-∂p. kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ t]mj-W-Øn-\mbn \Ωƒ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ]co-£-Wß-fnepw G¿s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu ]co-£W - ß - ƒ°pti-ja - mWv \Ωf-Xns‚ ^e-kn≤n hni-I-e\w sNøpBKÃv 2011

∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Hcp A¥na Xocp-am-\Øn-se-Øp-∂p. ]co-£-W-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-tºmƒ \nc-h[n tNmZy-ß-tfbpw {]iv\-ßtfbpw A`n- a p- J o- I - c n- t °- ≠ n- h - c pw. imkv{Xo-bm-t\z-jW {]{Inb Hcp ]s£ ho≠pw ]p\x- ] - c n- t im- [ - \ Iƒ°pw ]co-£-W-߃°pw hnt[-bam-t°≠n ht∂-°mw. Cßs\ t\m°nbm¬ imkv{Xw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ß-fpsS {]{In-b-bm-Wv. Cu coXn-bn-enXv ck-Ichpw D]-tbm-K{- ]-Zh - p-am-W.v imkv{Xob \S-]S- n-{Iaw A{X {]bm-kI - c - a - mb coXnsbm-∂p-a√ - . AXn\v h¿j-߃ \o≠p\n¬°p∂ Hu]- N m- c nI ]T- \ hpw D∂X k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fnse _ncp-Zßfpw Bh-iy-an-√. Hcp sIm®v Ip™v Fß-s\-bmWv ]Tn-°p-∂Xv F∂v \nco£n®p t\m°q. Adn-bm-sX-bm-sW¶nepw imkv{Xob-coXn Ah-ew-_n-°p∂-Xmbn ImWmw. Hcp DZm-l-c-W-sa-SpØm¬, Hcp sIm®p-Ip™v Nen-°p∂ Fs¥-¶nepw hkvXp Is≠-∂n-cn-°s - ´. ap∂-\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ØnNen-°p∂ hkvXp Poh-\p≈ {]mWnbm-sW∂v Ip™n\dnbmw. GsX-¶nepw ]pgp-hm-Imw. AXn-\m¬ Cu k©-cn°p∂ hkvXp-hns\ Ip´n Hcp Pohnbmbn ]cn-KW - n-°p-∂p. Ip´n-bpsS ap∂\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \nK-a\-Øn-se-Øp∂p Cu Pohn Nen-°p∂p F∂v. Fs¥-∂m-eXv Nen-®p-sIm-≠ncp-∂n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠nXpw Poh-\p≈-Xm-Wv. Xs‚ \nK-a\w icn-bmsWm F∂-dn-bm-\p≈ At\z-j-W-Øns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ ]co-£-W-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp∂p. GsXmcp hkvXp-hn-t\bpw Aev]t\cw am{Xw \nco-£n-°p-∂p, AXv Nen-°p-∂tXm Nen-°m-ØtXm F∂dn-bm-Xm-bn. AXv Nen-°p-∂X - √ F∂p a\- n-em-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu \nco£-WØ - ns‚ km-[pXzw tNmZyw sNøs∏-Smw. Hcp hSn-sb-SpØv AXns\ Cf°n t\m°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

Poh-\p≈ {]mWn A]-IS- m-hÿ - b - nHmSn c£-s∏-Spw. Cu Xocp-am\w Xs∂ ap∂-\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emsW-Sp-°p-∂X - v. Cu ]co-£W - Ø - n-\n-Sbn¬ hSn- s Im≠v AXns\ IpØn Cf°n t\m°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

Aßs\ AXv Hcp ]s£ Poh-\p≈ {]mWn-bm-Im-sa∂ Xocp-am-\Ø - n-se-Øp∂p. F∂m¬ hSn-sIm-≠S- n-®t- ∏m-gm-Is´ AXv Nen-°p-∂n-√. Ip´n-bpsS Cu {]hr-Øn-Iƒ {i≤n-®n-cp∂ ]nXmhv Atßm´v sN∂v "CXv Hcp ac-°-jvWam-sW∂v' Ip´n-tbmSv ]d-bp-∂p. F∂me-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ip´n kwi-bß - f - p-∂bn-°p-∂p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®pw ]co-£W-߃ \S-Øp-∂X - n-\mbn CXp-t]m-seimkv{X-KXn

bp≈ a‰v hkvXp-°s - f-°p-dn®pw At\zjn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Cu Ip´n ]Tn-°p∂ coXn kvIqfpI-fnse hnZym¿∞n-If - psS ]T\ k{ºZm-bh - p-ambn Xmc-Xa - y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmsem?

C∂sØ ImeØv anI® imkv{X-hnZym¿∞n-t]mepw Xs‚ hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°p-∂n-√. ]pkvX-I-Øn-se-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw A[ym-]-I-cpw, apXn¿∂-hcpw ]d-bp∂Xpw am{Xw hniz-kn-°m≥ Xbm-dmIp-∂p. imkv { X- { ]- Z ¿i- \ - Ø n\p h∂ hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSv Rm≥ kwkm-cn-®p. saUn-°¬ dnt∏m¿´p-t]m-ep≈ B[nIm-cnI tcJ-I-sf-°p-dn®v tNmZy-ß-fp∂- b n- ° m≥ ]mSn- s √- ∂ mWv B hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ [cn®p h®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. imkv{X-Im-c≥ ]co-£W - ß - f - n-te¿s∏Sp-tºmƒ Fßs\? F¥p-sIm≠v?

F∂n-ßs\ Xmc-Xa - y-Øns‚ km[y-XI-fp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-sh-s∂m∂pw Ah¿°- d n- b n- √ . DZm- l - c - W - Ø n\v imkv { X- I m- c ≥ Hcp Iq´w tcmKnIƒs°mcp acp∂p \¬Ip-∂p. F∂metX tcmK-ap≈ as‰mcp kwL-Øn\v thsdmcp acp- ∂ mWv \¬Ip- ∂ - X v .

F∂n´v Hmtcm kwL- Ø nepw Cu acp∂v Fß-s\-bmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂sX∂v \nco-£n®v ]Tn-°p-∂p. \nco- £ Ww \S- Ø ptºmgpw Af∂p Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºm-gp-sams° sX‰p-Iƒ kw`-hn-°m-sa-∂p≈ km[yXbpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®n-√.

H∂n-e-[nIw ]co-£-W-ß-fpsS Bhiy-I-X-bp-a-h¿ IW-°n-se-Sp-Øn-√.

CXn-\p-]I - cw sIm®p-Ip´n Adn-bm-sXbm-sW-¶n¬ IqSn H∂n-e[ - nIw ]co-£W-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-IX a\- n-em-°nbn-´p≠v. \nco-£W - ˛- ] - c - o-£W - ß - s - fmgn-hm°n X߃ ]d-bp-∂-X-ß-\p-k-cn®m¬ aXn F∂v apXn¿∂-hsc [cn-∏n®p ImWn-√. CØcw Ip´n-Iƒ kvIqfn-seØn-bm¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°pI? Chcn¬ tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]co-£-W-˛-\n-co-£-W-߃ \SØn AXn- s \- ° p- d n®v Nn¥n®v ]pXnb imkv{Xob coXn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp°m≥ t{]c-I-am-hp-∂-XmtWm \ΩpsS hnZym-`ymkw? CXv hnZym¿∞n-I-fnimkv{Xob k{º-Zm-bß - s - f-°p-dn®v IqSpX¬ XmXv]-cy-hpw, Pm{K-Xbpw P\n-∏n°psam? hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw bYm¿∞ PohnX {]iv\-ßsf A`n-apJo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, XcWw sNøp-∂Xn-\p-ap≈ Ignhv h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ klmb-Ic - a - m-Ipsam? hnh¿Ø\w: hn.-sI. Pbv tkma-\m-Y≥

Ip™p-a-\- p-Iƒs°mcp Nßm-Xn...

bpdo° ssZzhm-cnI hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy

200 cq] hni-Zh - n-hc - ß - ƒ°v amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿ bpdo° ]cn-jZv `h≥, Nme-∏pdw tImgn-t°mSv - 673002 t^m¨: 0495 2701919

35

hnZym-`ymkw ssjeP F≥.

Ht´sd hnZym-`ymk ]cn-jvIm-c-߃ \S-°p∂ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS hyXy-kvX-amb A`n-{]m-b-߃ IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠-∂mWv Cu ]T\w hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. {]tXy-In®pw lb¿ sk°≥Udn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]co-£-sb-bpw, ]T-\-sØbpw Ipdn®v hy‡-amb A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ds≠∂ Xncn-®-dnhv Cu ]T-\-Øn-eqsS e`n-®p

πkvh¨ Cw{]q-hvsa‚v ]co£

Hcp ]T\w hnZym-`ymkw hnZym¿∞n-tI-{μo-Ir-Xam-b-Xns‚ KpW-^e - ß - ƒ A°m-Za - nIv cwKsØ anI-hn-te°v \bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p- I - b m- W v . \nc- ¥ - c - a q- e y- \ n¿Wb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS ¢mkvdq-ap-Isf Poh- p‰ At\z-jW - a - W - U v e - a - mbn ]cnh¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ Gsd-°psd Ign-™n-´pap-≠.v ]t£ h¿jm-h¿jw Ip´n-Isf ]pd-Øm-°p-Ibpw tXm¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ s]mXp-]c - o£m k{º-Zm-bß - fn¬ henb am‰sam∂pw D≠m-bn-´n-√. ]co£sb kw_- ‘ n- ® v ˛ k-ab - w, ^okv ]cn-KW - \ - , kvtIm¿ F∂nh-bn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p∂ ]cn-jI v m-cß - ƒ, coXn-im-k{v X-߃ Ct∏mgpw hnZym¿∞nI-fn-te°v apI-fn¬\n∂v hnt£-]n-°p∂ A[n-Im-cI - e - ] v \ - I - f - m-bmWv \ne-\n¬°p∂-Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw kzbw

36

\n¿W-bØ - n-s‚bpw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bpsSbpw ka-{K-hn-Xm-\Ø - n-te°v hnZym-`ymksØ kºq¿W-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn°m≥ \ap°v Ign-tb≠Xt√? πkv h¨ Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co-£mL-S-\, ^okv, kvtIm¿ ]cn-K-W-\, kabw F∂n- h sb kw_- ‘ n®v hnZym¿∞n-If - psS A`n-{]mbw Bcm™v ]co-£s - b-°p-dn®v kzX-{¥-amb A`n{]mb tiJ-cW - Ø - n-\mWv Cu ]T\w e£y-an-´X - .v

]T-\-e-£y-߃ 1. πkv h¨ ]co-£b - psS am¿°v πkv Sp ]co-£-bpsS am¿°n-t\mSv tN¿Øv ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv ]T-\sØ F{X-am{Xw klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠.v 2. ]pXp-Xmbn G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb πkv

h¨ s]mXp ]co£; AXns‚ \S-Øn∏v, Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co-£b - n¬ \S-∏m-°nb am‰-߃, kabw F∂n-hsb kw_‘n®v hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS A`n-{]mbw tiJ-cn-°¬.

3. Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co-£b - n¬ hcptØ≠ am‰-߃ kw_-‘n® \n¿t±-i߃ ÿnco-Ic - n-°p-∂X - n-\.v

]T-\-coXn Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse ap√-t»cn D]-Pn√-bn¬ \mev lb¿sk-°≥Udn kvIqfpI-fm-Wp-≈X - v. AXn¬ Hcp Kh-s◊‚ v lb¿sk- ° ≥Udn kv I qfpw aq∂v FbvUUv lb¿ sk°≥Udn kvIqfpI-fp-am-W.v Cu \mev hnZym-eb - ß - f - n2010-˛11 A[y-b\ - h - ¿j-Ønse kb≥kv (420) tImtagvkv (320) lypam-\n-‰okv (250) BKÃv 2011

F∂n-ßs\ 990 c≠mw-h¿j lb¿ sk°≥Udn hnZym¿∞n-If - n¬\n∂pw sXc-s™-Sp-Øh - c - mWv ]T\ kmºnƒ, kb≥kv, tImta-gvkv, lypam\n-‰okv F∂o aq∂v tImºn-t\-j\ - p-If - n¬ Hmtcm ¢mkn¬\n∂pw 10 hnZym¿∞n-Isf dm≥Uambn Xnc-s™-Sp-ØmWv tNmZymhen \¬In-bX - v. CXn¬ tNmZym-hen ]q¿Øn-bm°n \¬Inb hnZym¿∞n-IfpsS FÆw kb≥kv˛- 80, tImta-gk v ˛-v 50, lypam-\n-‰okv˛45 F∂n-ßs\ 175 Ip´nI-fm-W.v

k¿sh-˛ ]s¶-SpØ kvIqfp-Iƒ 1. Kh. lb¿ sk°≥Udn kvIqƒ ap√-t»-cn.

2. F.-sF.F®v.F-k.v F - k - .v ]mSq¿ 3. sk‚ v tPmk^vkv F®v.F - k - .v F - kv.]

- m-hd- ´n 4. Fw.-F.-Fk - .v F - w.-F® - .v F - k - .v F - k - .v sht∑-\mSv

Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ 1. πkv h¨ s]mXp-]c - o-£b - psS am¿°v πkv S p s]mXp ]co- £ mam¿°ns‚ IqsS ]cn-KW - n-°p-∂Xv ]T\sØ Fßs\ _m[n-°p∂p F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v 175-˛¬ 107 t]cpw A`n-{]mb-s∏-´Xv ]co£m kΩ¿±hpw ]co£m ]T- \ hpw \nc- ¥ c aqey- \ n¿Wb {]h¿Ø-\ß - sf tZmj-Ic - a - mbn _m[n°p∂p F∂m-W.v AXm-bXv 61% t]¿.

F∂m¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°m\pw A∏t∏mƒ Imcy-߃ {Kln-°m\pw DNn-Xa- mbXv πkv h¨ am¿°v πkv Sp am¿°nt\m-sSm∏w ]cn-KW - n-°p-∂X - m-sW∂v 68 (39%) hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´p.

2. Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co£ GXv amkw \S-ØW - s - a∂ tNmZy-Øn\v \mev {]XnI-cW - ß - ƒ \¬In DNn-Xa - m-bXv sXcs™-Sp-°m-\mWv Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv. AXnsabvamkw Ah-km\w aXn F∂v A`n{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 56 (32%) hnZym¿∞n-If - m-W.v HmWw Ah-[n°ptijw aXn F∂-`n-{]mb-s∏-´Xv 115 (66%) t]¿. Unkw-_¿ amkØn-emWv \√-sX-∂-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-h¿ Hcmƒ am{Xw. s^{_p-hcn˛am¿®v amkß-fn¬ aXn F∂-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 5 (2%) t]¿.

3. Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co-£bv°v hnjb-߃ ]cn-an-Xs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n-t\m-Sp≈ A`n-{]mbw Fs¥∂ tNmZy-Øn\v DØcw e`n-®Xv Xmsg ]dbpw {]Im-cam-Wv. hnj-b-߃ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øptºmƒ c≠mw h¿j ]T-\Ø - n¬ {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂p. 38 (22%) t]¿* hnj-bß - ƒ ]cn-an-Xs - ∏-SpØp-tºmƒ hnZym¿∞n-If - psS Ah-kcw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p 69 (39%) t]¿.* imkv{X-KXn

F√m hnj-bß - ƒ°pw Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v Bh-iy-an√ 14 (8%) t]¿. * `mj-Iƒ Hgn-hm°n F√m tIm¿ k_vPI - Sv p-Ifpw Cw{]qhv sNøm≥ Ah-kcw thWw 54 (31%) t]¿.

4. Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co£ Fgp-Xn-bt∏mƒ πkv h¨ ]co£ Fgp-Xn-bt- ∏mgp-≠m-bX - n-t\-°mƒ Fs¥√mw {]tXyI-Xb - mWv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°-\p-`h - s - ∏-´Xv F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v Bfl-hn-izmkw IqSpX-ep-≠mbn F∂-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 45 (25%) t]¿. hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X[mcW e`n-®p. ]co£ Ffp-∏-ambn F∂-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 43 (26%) t]¿. πkv h¨ ]co-£s - b-°mƒ tami-am-bn, ]Tn®-Im-cy-߃ ad-∂p-t]m-bn. kabw shdpsX If™p F∂-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 63 (36%) t]¿. ]Tn-®Xv ho≠pw ]Tn-t°-≠Xp-sIm≠v Bi-b° - p-g∏ - a - p-≠mbn F∂`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 24 (13%) t]cm-W.v 5. Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co£ ^okv LS\-sb-°p-dn®v tNmZn-®t- ∏mƒ Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co-£b - psS \ne-hn-ep≈ ^okv ]Wan-√mØ hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]n¥n-cn-∏n°p∂p F∂-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 58 (33%) t]cmWv. ^okv LS\ \ymb-amWv F∂-`n{]m-bs - ∏-´Xv 27 (15%) t]¿. \ne-hn-ep≈ ^okv LS\ kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bpsS ewL\-amWv F∂-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´Xv 18 (10%).

Db¿∂ ^okv G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv πkv h¨ ]co£ A{]-Xo-£n-Xa - mbn tamiamb Ip´n-Iƒ°v `mc-am-Ip∂p F∂-`n-{]mb-s∏-´Xv 72 (42%) t]¿.

6. Ign™ A°m-Za - nIv h¿j-ØnF{X A[y-b\ Zn\-߃ e`n®p F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬\n∂pw e`n® adp-]S- n°v hy‡-Xb - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. kvIqƒ cPn-Ãd- n¬ lmPdp≈ Znh-kß - -

fm-tWm, A[ym-]-I-cpsS ¢mkp-Iƒ e`n® Znh-kß - f - mtWm tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ≠-sX∂v hy‡-Xb - n-√m-ØX - m-bn-cp∂p {]iv\w F∂v Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´p.

A[ym-]I - c - p-ambn \S-Ønb N¿®-bn170-˛¬ Xmsg A[y-b\ Znh-k-߃ am{Xta e`n-®n-cp-∂p≈p F∂v Adn-bm≥ Ign-™p.

\nK-a-\-߃ πkv h¨ ]co-£-I-fpsS Cw{]qhvsa‚ v Ah-kc - hpw H∂mw h¿j ]co£-If - psS am¿°v c≠mw h¿j ]co-£I-tfm-sSm∏w ]cn-KW - n-°p-∂Xv ]T-\sØ F{X am{Xw klm-bn-°p∂p F∂pw Is≠-Øm-\p≈ Cu kmºnƒ ]T-\w, ]T-\s - Ø-bpw, ]co-£s - bbpw Ip´n-Iƒ Fßs\ ImWp∂p F∂Xv hy‡-am°n. πkv Sp ]co-£-bpsS am¿-°n-t\msSm∏w πkv h¨ s]mXp ]co-£b - psS am¿°v IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv c≠mw h¿j ]T-\sØ IqSp-X¬ kΩ¿±w D≈-Xm°n am‰p∂p F∂-XmWv hnjb-hy-Xym-k-an-√msX `qcn-]£w Ip´nIfpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. CXv c≠mw h¿jsØ ]T-\-Øn¬ \nc-¥-c-aqey \n¿Wb {]h¿Ø-\-߃, t{]mP-IvSpIƒ XpS-ßn-bh sNøp-∂X - n\v Du∂\¬Ip-∂X - n\v ]Icw H∂mw h¿j ]co£sb tI{μo- I - c n®v IqSp- X ImWmsX ]Tn°m\pw IrXy-ambn km[y-Xb - p≈ tNmZy-߃ sNbvXp ]Tn°p-∂-Xn\pw kabw am‰n hbv°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-Xc - m-Ip∂p F∂mWv Ip´n-Iƒ A`n- { ]m- b - s ∏- ´ - X v . A[ym- ] - I cpw s]mXpsh c£n-Xm-°fpw Ip´n-Isf ]mT]p-kvX-IsØ tI{μo-I-cn®v a\x-]m-T-

37

Øn\v \n¿_-‘n-°p∂Xm-bpw, a‰v ]T\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ kn.C am¿°n-\pth≠n tcJ-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p∂ {]h¿Ø\-ambpw amdp∂p F∂pw A`n{]m-bs - ∏´p. πkv h¨ Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co£ GXv amkw \S-ØW - s - a∂ tNmZy-Øn\v HmWw Ah-[n-°p-tijw aXn-sb-∂mWv `qcn-]£w hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw A`n-{]m-bs - ∏´-X.v πkv Sp ¢mkp-If - psS A[y-b\ Znhk-߃°n-Sb - n¬ Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co-£bv°p≈ ]T-\-Øn¬ th≠{X {i≤ tI{μo-Ic - n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂n-s√-∂pw, HmWw Ah-[n°v tij-am-bm¬ ]Tn-°phm≥ IqSp-X¬ kabw e`n-°p-sa-∂p-amWv Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´X - .v ¢mkn¬ \SØp∂ ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\Ø - n¬ \n∂pw e`n® Adn-hp-If - n-eq-sS-b√ adn®v Nne {]tXyI tNmZy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\s - ∏SpØn ]T\w \SØn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt°≠ H∂mWv ]co£ F∂ ImgvN∏m-Sns\ H∂p-IqSn Dd-∏n-°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p hnZym¿∞n-If - n¬ \n∂pw e`n® {]Xn-Ic-Ww. Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co-£bv°v hnj-b߃ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ Ip´n-If - psS A`n-{]m-bØ - n-t\mSv F√m tIm¿k-_P v I - Sv p-Ifpw Cw{]qhv sNøm≥ Ah-kcw thW-sa∂pw thW-sa-¶n`mj-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ \∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-amWv `qcn-]£w t]cpw A`n-{]mb-s∏-´X - .v H∂mw h¿j s]mXp ]co-£bn¬ `mjm hnj-bß - ƒ Fgp-Xp-tºmgp≈ Bfl-hn-izm-kw, a‰p k_vPI - Sv pIƒ Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ Ah¿°v e`n-®n-s√∂p-amWv A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´X - v. Fkv.F - k - v.F¬.-kn. Ign™ πkv h¨ ¢m p-Ifn-se-Øp-tºmƒ ]pXnb hnj-bß - fpw Ah Cw•o-jnepw ]Tn-°Ww F∂Xv Ah¿°v H∂mw h¿j ]T-\`- mcw h¿≤n∏n-°p∂p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p `qcn-`mKw

38

hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. Cw•ojv am[y-aØ - n¬ BZy-ambn hnjb-߃ Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ Ah icn-bmbn Fgp-Xp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√∂pw ]n∂oSv Ah-kcw In´n-bm¬ k_vPI - Sv p-Iƒ BgØn¬ ]Tn-°p-hm\pw IqSp-X¬ Bflhn-izm-kt- ØmsS ]co-£s - b-gp-Xp-hm\pw Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co£ klm-bn-°p-∂p. πkv h¨ Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co-£s - bgp- X n- b - t ∏mƒ Ip´n- I ƒ°p- ≠ mb A\p`hw F¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂ tNmZyØn\v Cw{]q-hvsa‚ v ]co-£-sb-gp-Xnt∏mƒ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X[mcW e`n-®p. hnj-bß - ƒ Ffp-∏a - mbn Bfl-hn-izmkw IqSn F∂mWv `qcn-]£w Ip´n-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. ]T\ am[yaw amdn-bX - ns‚ _p≤n-ap´v H∂mw h¿j ]co-£m¿∞n-Isf _p≤n-ap-´n®p F∂pw ho≠pw ]co-£sb ASn-ÿm-\am°n ]Tn-®t- ∏mƒ Hcp-hn[w [mcW e`n®p F∂p-amWv Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]m-bs∏-´X - .v \ne-hn-ep≈ Cw{]q-hs v a‚ v ]co-£m^okv \ymb-as - √∂pw, kmº-Øn-Ia- mbn ]n∂m°w \n¬°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-Isf CXv ]co£ Fgp-Xp-∂X - n¬\n∂pw ]n¥ncn-∏n-°p∂p F∂p-amWv `qcn-]£w Ip´nIfpw A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´X - .v Bdv hnj-bß - ƒ H∂n-s®-gp-Xp-tºmƒ th≠ ^okv Hmtcm hnj-bØ - n\pw Cw{]qhv sNøm≥ th≠n hcp-∂Xv \ymb-a√ F∂mWv hnZym¿∞nIƒ Hcp-t]mse A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´X - .v A[y-b\ Zn\-߃ IrXy-ambn ]dbm≥ Ign-™n-s√-¶nepw samØ-ØnA[y-b\ Znh-kß - ƒ hnj-bß - ƒ hniZ-am-bpw, Bg-Ønepw ]Tn-°p-hm≥ ]cym]- X - a √ F∂mWv A[ym- ] - I cpw hnZym¿∞n-If - p-ambpw \S-Ønb N¿®bn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-bX - .v s]mXpsh ]co- £ - I - s f- ° p- d n®v

A[ym-]I - cpw hnZym¿∞n-If - p-ambn \SØnb N¿®-If - n-eqsS e`n® \n¿t±-i߃ t{ImUo-Ic - n®v Xmsg \¬Ip-∂p.

1. ]co£m tNmZy-߃ k¶o¿W-tam, Zp¿{K-ltam BI-cp-X.v 2. ]co-£m-ka- bw Ime-Øm-bn-cn-°W - w.

3. aqey-\n¿Wbw Ip‰-a‰ - X - m-IW - w.

4. πkv h¨ s]mXp ]co£m aqey\n¿Wbw thK-Øn-em-°p-I. 5. ]co£ CS-hn´ Znh-kß - f - n¬ thWw. F≥{S≥kp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS DXvIW - T v bpw IqSn ]¶p-h® - p. C.B.S.E., I.C.S.E. kne-_kn-ep≈ hnZym¿∞n-If - p-ambn a’-cn-t°≠n-hc - p-tºmƒ {]tXy-In®pw F≥{S≥kn\v πkv Sp am¿°p-IqSn ]cn-KW - n-°p∂-Xn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°v X߃ ]pd-tIm´v t]mIptam F∂ Bi-¶b - p-ap-≠.v C.B.S.E., Syllabus se hnZym¿∞n- I ƒ 12- ˛ mw ¢mkn¬ am{Xw 500 am¿°ns‚ ]co£ Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ πkvh¨ s]mXp ]co£-bpsS am¿°v πkvSp s]mXp ]co-£bpsS am¿°n-t\m-sSm∏w Iq´n samØw 1200 am¿°ns‚ ]co£ A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n°p-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS icm-icn am¿°ns\ AXv _m[n-°ptam F∂-h¿ `b-s∏-Sp∂p.

Xr»q-cn¬ h®v ]co£ tPmbn‚ v Ub-dI - Sv ¿ {io.- ]n.-sI. hnP-b≥ lb¿ sk°-≠dn hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-ambn \SØnb kwhm-Za - mWv CØ-cØ - n-semcp ]T\w \S-Øm≥ Rßsf t{]cn-∏n-®X - .v At±-lØ - ns‚ IqSn XmXv]c - y-{]-Im-camWv ap√-t»cn lb¿ sk°≥-Udn kvIqfnse A[ym-]I - c- mb ssjeP F≥ ˛ F®v Fkv.-F-kv.-Sn. kmº-Øn-Iimkv{Xw, {]kmZv Im°-t»cn ˛ F®v.F - kv.F - k - .v S- n. ae-bmfw, jt\mPv hn.-Fk - .v ˛ KÃv A[ym-]I - ≥, ae-bmfw F∂nhcmWv Cu ]T-\Ø - n\v t\XrXzw \¬Inb-X.v Cu ]T-\Ø - n¬ kvIqfp-Iƒ kμ¿in®-t∏mƒ tNmZym-hen ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\∏pdw A[ym-]I - cpw hnZym-¿∞n-If - p-ambn Hcp-]mSv N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ km[n-®p. ]co-£s - b-°p-dn®v A[ym-]I - s‚ ImgvN∏m-Sn¬ \n∂pw hfsc hyXy-kX v a - mWv Ip´n-If - psS ImgvN∏ - m-Spw, \ne-]mSpw F∂v Xncn-®d - n-bm≥ Ign-™p. Ht´sd hnZym`ymk ]cn-jI v m-cß - ƒ \S-°p∂ Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ Ip´n-If - psS hyXy-kX v amb A`n-{]m-bß - ƒ IqSn CØcw am‰ß-fn¬ ]cn-KW - n-t°-≠X - p-s≠-∂mWv Cu ]T\w hy‡-am-°p-∂X - v. {]tXyIn®pw lb¿ sk°≥Udn hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v ]co-£s - b-bpw, ]T-\s - Øbpw Ipdn®v hy‡- amb A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ds≠∂ Xncn-®d - nhv Cu ]T-\Ø - n-eqsS e`n-®p.

BKÃv 2011

`£y-kp-c£ ]n.kn. cma≥Ip´n

tIcfØnse `£y kpc£bpw

Im¿jnI Bkq{XWhpw Irjnsb em`m[njvTnX DXv]mZ\ taJebmbn ImWp∂ apXemfnØ kºZvhyhÿ°pw kmaqly at\m`m-h-Øn\pw am‰ap≠mIWw. Irjnsb tkh\ taJebmbn ImWpIbpw Im¿-jnI tPmenbn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂-hcpsS kmaqly kmºØnI kpc£ Dd∏m-°pIbpw thWw

{]IrXn`wKnbpw ssPh sshhn[y kar≤nbpw sIm≠v kº∂amWv tIcfw. \ΩpsS kwÿm\w hnZym`ym-kØnepw BtcmKy ]cn]me\Ønepw hy‡n ipNnXzØnepw sa®-s∏´ \nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂p. ]t£ `£y kzbw ]cym-]vXXbpsS ImcyØnC¥ybn¬ G‰hpw ]n∂m°amWv . tIcfØns‚ `qhnkvXrXn 38,85,500 slIv S ¿ BWv . CXn¬ 28% h\ `qanbmWv. samØw `qanbpsS 54.3% slIvS¿ ÿew am{Xta \mw Irjn°v D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂p≈q. 62.99 e£w IrjnbnSßfmWv tIcfØnep- ≈ sX∂mWv 2001 se sk≥kkv hy‡imkv{X-KXn

am°p∂Xv . 2011˛se sk≥kkv {]Imcw tIcfØnse apJy hnfIsf√mw˛sXßv, Ihpßv, d∫¿, IpcpapfIv, tXbne, Im∏n a‰p kpK‘hy⁄\߃˛Im¿jnI hnfIfne√ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. Cu taJebn¬ sXmgnseSp°p∂hsc I¿jI sXmgnemfnbmbn´√ sk≥kkntN¿Øncn°p∂Xv. CXv {]Imcw Im¿jnI taJebv°v A\phZn°p∂ tI{μØn¬ \n∂p≈ kwÿm\ hnlnXØn¬ henb Ipdhp≠mIpw. CXpw \ΩpsS `£y Irjn hnI-k-\sØ Imcyambn _m[n°pw. AtXkabw a‰p kwÿm\ßfnse IrjnIfmb

Icnºv, NWw, kqcyIm¥n, I©mhv, ]cpØn apXembhsb Im¿jnI hnfIfmbn sk≥kkn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p. \ΩpsS kwÿm\sØ apJy cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nIfpsStbm Im¿jnI Bkq{XIcpsS i‡amb CSs]S¬ Cu taJebn¬ D≠mIWw. tIcfØnse `£yIrjnbpsS Nn{X-sam∂v ]cntim[n°pI. BsIbp≈ Irjn°mcn¬ 90% Dw Hcp slIvSdn¬ Xmsg Irjn sNøp∂hcmWv. 5% IrjnbnS߃ am{Xta Hcp slIvSdn\pw c≠v slIvSdn\pw CSbnep≈hbp≈q. 70% t]cpw sNdpInS \maam{X Irjn°mcmWv. samØw

39

Irjnbn- S Øns‚ 12.25% ÿeØv am{XamWv `£yhnfIƒ Irjn sNøp∂Xv. tIcf-Øns‚ Pn.Un.]n.bpsS 16.5% am{X- a mWv Im¿jnI taJebn¬- \ n∂pap≈ kw`m- h \ F∂pw \mw ImWWw. Cusbmcp bmYm¿∞yØn¬ \n∂psIm≠p thWw `mhn tIcfw Fßs\ `£ykpc£ t\Spw F∂mtemNn°m≥. 2001 se sk≥kkv {]Imcw shdpw 16.3 e£w t]¿ am{XamWv tIcfØn¬ I¿jI sXmgnemfnIfmbn´p≈Xv. samØw P\kwJy 3.16 tImSnbm-sW∂v Hm¿°pI. Hmtcm h¿jhpw \s√mcp iXam\w I¿jI sXmgnemfnIƒ Cu taJe Dt]£n®v a‰p sXmgnepIfnte°v tNt°dp∂p F∂pw IW°m°nbncn°p∂p. \ΩpsS s]mXp Im¿jnI \bØns‚bpw I¿jI sXmgnemfnIfpsS kmaqly ]ZhnbpsS CSn®nepw kmºØnI kpc£ C√mbvabpw a‰pamWv CXn\v ImcWw. CXns\ adnIS°m≥ th≠ kmº-ØnI Bkq{XWhpw B[p\nI Im¿jnI \b]cn]mSnIfpw D≠mhWw. Irjnsb em`m[njvTnX DXv]mZ\ taJebmbn ImWp∂ apXemfnØ

40

BsI-bp≈ Irjn°mcn¬ 90% Dw Hcp slIvSdn¬ Xmsg Irjn sNøp∂-hcmWv. 5% IrjnbnS߃ am{Xta Hcp slIvSdn\pw c≠v slIvSdn\pw CSbnep≈hbp≈q. 70% t]cpw sNdpInS \maam{X Irjn°mcmWv. samØw IrjnbnSØns‚ 12.25% ÿeØv am{XamWv `£yhnfIƒ Irjn sNøp∂Xv

kºZvhyhÿ°pw kmaqly at\m`mh-Øn\pw am‰ap≠mIWw. Irjnsb tkh\ taJebmbn ImWpIbpw Im¿jnI tPmenbn¬ G¿s∏Sp∂-hcpsS kmaqly kmºØnI kpc£ Dd∏m°pIbpw thWw. Im¿jnI taJebv°v Bhiyamb Irjn tk\sb ]cnioen∏n°pIbpw Chsc IrjnbnSØnte°v {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\Øn\v Abbv°pIbpw thWw. sXmgnepd∏v ]≤Xn {]Imcw cPnÿ sNbvXn´p≈h¿°v B[p-\nI Irjn coXnIfn¬ ]cnioe\w \¬In Cu tk\bn¬ tN¿°mw.

B[p\nI Im¿jnI˛b{¥ßfpsS {]h¿Ø\ßfnepw Im¿jnI coXnIfnepw Ch¿°v Hdnbt‚j≥ tImgvkpIƒ \¬IWw. Chsc Pn√m ASnÿm\Øn¬ cPnÿ sNøpIbpw sshZKv[y-Øns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ {Kq∏mbn Xncn°pIbpw thWw. Ch¿°v ImbnIm≤z\Øn\v aWn°q- d n\v Db¿∂ Iqen \n›bn°Ww. ChcpsS XpS¿ hnZym`ymkØn\p≈ ]≤XnIfpw BhnjvIcn°Ww. B[p\nI A{Kn _nkn\ n¬\n∂pw Im¿jnI kwkv I mcØnte°p Hcp Xncn®pt]m°p-≠msb¶nte `£y kpc£ {]mh¿ØnIam°m≥ Ignbq. `t£ymXv]∂sa∂Xv Acn, tKmXºv, tNmfw, apØmdn F∂nßs\ aqt∂m \mtem C\ßfn¬ HXpt°≠Xv A{Kn _nkn\ pImcpsS Bhiyambncn°p∂p. GI hnf IrjnbnhnØv, hfw, b{¥kma{KnIƒ, hnfshSp∏v, kw`cWw, hnXcWw F∂nh Ffp∏am°p∂p. hyhkmbnI em`w hfsc IqSpX¬ e`n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. tIcfØn¬ Xt±iobambn At\Iw `£y hnfIfp≠v. Chsbms° em`Icas√∂ ImcWØm¬ ssI-sømgn-™psIm≠ncn°pIbmWv. CXn\pw AdpXn D≠mhWw. ]cºcmKX AdnhpIƒ°\pkcn®v F√mhn[ IrjnIfpw ]p\cm\bn°Ww. ]t£ \ΩpsS aÆns‚ ssPhLS\ Xs∂ ChnsS D≠mb lcnX hnπhw A´nadn®ncn°p∂p. aÆns‚ ssPh kºpjvSn Xncn®p sIm≠phcm\p≈ {iaßfpw D≠mhWw. a‰v kwÿm\sØ At]£n®v tIc- f Øn¬ `qanbpsS Xp≠ph- X v IcWw IqSpXemWv. CXn\v ]cnlmcambn I¿ÆmSI/Xangv\mSv Im¿jnI Bhmk hyhÿtbmSv kmayap≈ Im¿jI Iq´mbvaIfpw PohnX ho£Whpw D≠mhWw. Htc°¿/Atc°¿ ]Øp sk‚ v Xp≠phXvIcWØn\v ]Icw IrjntbmKy ÿetØmSv tN¿∂v sNdp^vfm‰v Su¨jn∏pIƒ BKÃv 2011

D≠mbn hcWw. {]mtZiob Pehn`h kwc£Whpw hm´¿ sjUv amt\Pvsa‚pw tIcfØns‚ ]pXpXeapd°pth≠n Bkq{XWw sNøWw. thbv à v amt\Pv s a‚pw ssPhhf \n¿amW bqWn‰pIfpw {]mtZinI Bhiy߃°\pkcn®v \n¿an°Ww. tIcfØnse tdmUv / tXmSv / ]pg/ ]pdwt]m°pIƒ kzm`mhnI Irjn°v tbmKyam°Ww. hgntbmcßfn\Sp∂ XW¬ hr£ßƒ IgnhXpw ^eaqemZnIƒ Xcp∂Xpw, Huj[ KpWap≈XpamIWw. ip≤ Pet{kmX pIƒ kwc£n®v a’yIrjn°v t{]m’ml\w \¬Imhp∂XmWv . tIcfØn¬ amdp∂ EXp°ƒ°-\pkcn®p≠mIp∂ hnhn[ ]gh¿K߃ ^eaqemZnIƒ Ch kwkvIcn®v aqeym[njvTnX DXv]∂ßfm°n am‰m\pw \ap°v IgnbWw. amºgßfpw N°bpw s\√n°bpw ss]\m∏nfpw a‰pw \mS≥ `£W cpNnItfmsS \ap°v kwkvIcn®v D]tbmKn°mhp∂XmWv. tIcfw s]mXpth kky P¥pssh-hn[yßfm¬ kº∂amWv. tIcfØnse Hmtcm Pn√bv ° pw sNdnsbmcp iXam\w dnk¿Δv/dh\yq h\taJebp≠v. Cu taJeIfn¬\n∂pw e`n°p∂ h\y `£y hn`hßsf s]mXpam¿°‰n\v ]cnNb-s∏SpØns°mSp°m\pw AXphgn BZna `£ykwkvImcØns‚ {]IrXn-hgnIfnte°v s]mXpkaqlsØ t_m[hXv I cn°m\p≈ {iahpwIqSn Cu `£ykpc£m {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS IqsS D≠mhWw. CSp°n Pn√bnepw hb\m´nepw Imk¿tKmUv/ ]me°mSv Pn√bnepw A[nhkn°p∂ BZnhmkn P\߃ FÆa‰ kkyP¥p P\p pIsf kwc£n®p hcp∂p≠v. F∂m¬ Cu h\ykky sshhn[ysØ Bcpw Kuchambn FSpØp I≠n´n√.

C¥ybnse lcnXhnπhØn¬ \jvSamb aÆns‚ ssPhLS\sb Ip∂nd°ns°m≠phtc≠Xv tIcf-Ønse BZnhmkn kwkvIr-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pamWv. Cu kXyw \ΩpsS B[p\nI Irjnimkv{X-⁄¿ Xncn®dnbpsa∂pw CXn\p≈ Ahkcw Ah¿ krjvSn°psa∂pw \ap°v Bin°mw. CØcw Ahkcw D]tbmKs∏SpØptºmƒ c≠pe£y߃ km[yamIp∂p. H∂v {]IrXnP\y `£WØn\m¬ `£ykpc£ Dd∏m°p∂p. c≠v tIcfØns‚ ssPhsshhn[y ]cn]me\hpw kwc£Whpw Dd∏m°pIbpw sNøp∂p. aq∂v cmk IoS\min\nIsfm hfßtfm D]tbmKn°mØ {]IrXn `£Ww P\Xbv°v e`yamIp∂p. imkv{X-KXn

tIcfØse h\y {]IrXnbnkzm`mhnIambn e`n°p∂ [mcmfw h\`£y aqeIßfp≠v . Chsb Im´pIngßpIƒ/]g߃/Ce°dn hn`h߃/tX≥/R≠v/ao≥ hnhn[ Huj[߃ F∂nßs\ Chsb Xcw Xncn°mw. h\y hn`hßfn¬ {]m[m\ytadnbXmWv Im´p IngßpIƒ. \qd°ngßv, sImcW°ngßv, \mc°ngßv, Ihe°ngßv XpSßnbhbpsS kzmZv CXphsc s]mXpkaqlw Adn™n-cn°n√. CXpt]mseXs∂ Ce°dn hn`hßfpsS henb tiJcw Xs∂ BZnhmkn hn`mKØn\p≠v. Npcpfn, hb¬Ømfv, ap≈≥ Noc, ap´ß®∏v, s]m∂m¶Æn, Bf≥N∏v, sNdpIoc, sNmdnbWw, B´ß, {_“n®∏v , Np≠ß XpSßn F¨]Xntesd Cekky߃ Idn°mbn D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v. Chsbms° t]mjI-kar≤hpw {]IrXnP\yhpamWv. Chbv°v Huj[aqeyßfpap≠v. BZnhmknIfpsS IÆns‚ ImgvNbv°pw Pcm\c _m[n°mXncn°p∂Xpw, hfsc {]mbamIp∂Xphsc ImbnIm[zm\Øn\v km[n°p∂Xpw CXpsIm≠mImw. ]t£ ]pXpXeapd hnjaZyØnapßns°m≠ncn°p∂p. CXns\Xnsc

A[nIrX¿ ]cnlmct_m[\hpw {]Xntcm[ \S]SnIfpw kzoIcn°Ww. Im´p `£y tiJcØn¬ Aaqeyamb a‰n\ßfmWv IqWpw, a’yhpw, R≠pw. Huj[KpWap≈hbmWnh. sh≈ssWh, ap°ssWh, tImWssWh, am¶pΩ≥, I´ssWh, D≠°pΩ≥ XpSßn ap∏tXmfw XcØn¬s∏´ IqWpIƒ Im´n¬ ]e EXp°fn¬ kpe`amWv. aet©meIfnse sh≈Øn¬ cmkamen\yßtfm IoS\min\nItfm IecmØXpsIm≠v ip≤Pe a’ysØ ImWWsa¶n¬ aet©m- eIfnseØWw. apip, ]c¬, Bc¬, NqSm®n, sNfn°pØn, Nqhmen, \cnhcb¬ XpSßnb ao\pIfpw, IcnR≠v, IpgnR≠v, ]m¬R≠v F∂nhbpw `£ytbmKyamb AarX-J\nIfmWv. Im´p]gßfpw ap≈-bcnbpw tX\pw Rmhepw AØn∏-ghpw Im´pamßbpw Cu¥°mbbpw sam´ºpfnbpw a‰pw \ΩpsS s]mXp`-£ykpc- £ bv°pth≠n ]cn]m-en-°m≥ B[p\nI kaqlØn\v Ign-bWw. Xmfpw XIcbpw apΩmkw, N°-bpw amßbpw apΩmkw, Aßs\bpw Cßs\bpw apΩmkw F∂ BtcmKy kpc£m ]gs©m√ns\ A\z¿∞- a m°p- ∂ XmIs´ \ΩpsS `£ykpc-£m\bw.

41

A\p-kva-cWw tUm. Imhp-ºmbn _me-Ir-jvW≥

a[p-cw, kuayw,- Zo]vXw 2011 Pq¨ 13 \v \ncym-X-\mb tUm. sI.-sI. cmlp-e-s\-°p-dn®v Hc-\p-kva-cWw

1976 ˛emWv

Rm≥ cmlp- e ≥ tUmIvSsd BZy-ambn ImWp-∂Xpw tIƒ°p-∂-Xpw. ]cn-j-Øns‚ 13-˛mw kwÿm\ ktΩ-f\w B h¿jw am¿®v 6, 7 Xob-Xn-If - n¬ IÆq-cn-emWv \S-∂Xv. hfsc hnP-bI - c - a - mbn kwL-Sn-∏n® imkv{X ¢m p-Iƒ - °pw ]o®n-bn¬ \S∂ BZysØ {]h¿ØI Iymºn\pw tijap≈ ktΩ-f\ - a - m-bn-cp-∂p A-X.v ktΩf-\Ø - ns‚ `mK-ambn imkv{X {]Z¿i\hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]Z¿i\w ImWm≥ t]mb Rm\pw kplr-Øp-°fpw ktΩf-\l - m-fnepw Ib-dn-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\∂v ]cnj-Øn-ew-Ka - m-bn-cp-∂n-√. kn.-Pn. im¥-Ipam-dmWv P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn. {]Xn-\n-[nIƒ D∂-bn® kwi-bß - ƒ°pw hna¿i-

42

\-߃°pw koPn-b≥ ssien-bnep≈ adp-]Sn C∂pw Rmt\m¿°p-∂p. 77 ]cn-jØv Ubdn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®Xv Ahn-sS-sh-®m-W.v B Ubdnbpw ]nSn®p \S- ° p∂ ]cn- j Zv {]h¿Ø-Is‚ A`n-am-\hpw BÀm-Zhpw kn.Pn A`n-\-bn®p ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B ktΩ-f\ - a- mWv tUm. cmlpes\ {]kn-U≠ - mbn sXc-s™-Sp-ØX - .v AXn-\p-apºv sshkv {]kn-U≠ - m-bn-cp∂p. cmlp-e≥ \S-Ønb {]kwKw DPzehpw Bth-iI - c - h - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv ]e thZn-If - n¬, hyXykvX hnj-bß - fn¬ tUmIvS¿ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ tI´n-´p-≠v. Hmtcm XhW tIƒ°ptºmgpw Hcn-°¬ IqSn tIƒ°m≥

sImXn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lØns‚ {]`m-jW - ß - ƒ 1970 emWv tUmIvS¿ ]cn-jØ - p-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂X - .v ]cn-jØv ss{]a-dn- hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p th≠n bpdo-°m- am-knI Bcw-`n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n® kμ¿`-am-bncp∂p AXv. bpdo° amkn-Ib - psS {]kn≤o-I-cWw Xriq¿ bqWn-‰n-s\-bmWv kwL-S\ Gev]n-®-Xv. A∂v Xriq¿ bqWn‰v sk{I-´d - n-bm-bn-cp∂p tUm. Sn.B¿. i¶p-Æn. At±-lsØ amkn-Ib - psS amt\-Pnßv FUn-‰d - mbn kwL-S\ - \ntbm-Kn-®p. tImgn-t°mSv saUn-°¬ tImtfPnse BZysØ {]n≥kn-∏mfpw XnI™ Iem kvt\lnbpw Bbn-cp∂ tUm. sI.F≥.-]n-jm-cSn Xriq-cn¬ ÿnc Xma-kBKÃv 2011

am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw bpdo-°b - psS ]{Xm-[n-]c - m-bn-cn-°m-sa∂p kΩ-Xn-®p. amkn-Ibv°v \ne-\n¬°-W-sa-¶n]ckyw thWw. N{μnI tkm∏v A`y¿∞n-°p-∂h - ¿s°√mw ]ckyw \¬Ip∂ Imew. DZm-ca- \ - k - I v \ - mb kn.-B¿. tIih≥ sshZy-cmWv N{μn-Ib - psS F√mw. tUm. i¶p-Ænbpw tUm. ]njm-cS- nbpw IqSn Ccn-ßm-e° - p-Sb - n¬ t]mbn tIih≥ sshZy-sc-°≠v ]cn-jØ - n-s\-°pdn®pw bpdo-°s - b-°p-dn®pw kwkm-cn-®p.(tI-ih - ≥ sshZy-cpsS Bbp¿thZ kw_‘n-bmb efn-X- a-t\m-lc ae-bmf ]Zy߃ A°m-esØ -bp-do-°-bnImWmw.) sshZy¿ kt¥m-j-]q¿Δw ]ckyw \¬In. ]n∂oSv ]d™p : ""]cnj-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]‰nb Hcmƒ Xriq-cp-≠v. tUm. cmlp-e≥.

At±lan-t∏mƒ Xriq¿ Pn√m Bip-]{Xn-bn¬ Nm¿sP-Sp-Øn-´p-≠'v '. tUmIvS¿ ]njm-cS- n°v s]s´∂v Bsf a\- n-embn-√. sshZy¿ H∂p-IqSn hni-Za - m-°n. ""tUmIvS¿ cmlp-e≥ a{Zm-kn¬ \n∂mWv Un{Kn FSp-ØX - .v ''( tUmIvS¿ cmlp-e≥ ]me-°mSv hnIvtSm-dnb tImtf-Pn¬ C‚¿ aoUn-b‰v Ign-™p. Xriq¿ {io tIc-fh¿Ω tImtf- P n¬ \n∂v _n.- F . ]m mbn. aZn-cmin sN¶¬s]´v saUn°¬ tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v saUn-°¬ _ncpZhpw In¬]m°v saUn°¬ tImtf-Pn\n∂v Pn.-kn.-sF.-FΩpw t\Sn. t]cm{º {]mY- a n- I m- t cmKy tI{μw, Xriq¿ Pn√mBip]{Xn, Xriq¿ am\-kn-Im-tcmKy tI{μw,- ap-f¶ - p-∂Ø - p-Imhv Sn.-_n. km\-n t‰m-dnbw F∂n-hn-Sß - f - n¬ tkh-\a - \ - pjvTn-®p). aS-°Ø - n¬ Xs∂ tUm. cmlp-es\ ImWm≥ tUm. i¶p-Ænbpw tUm. ]njmc-Snbpw Xocp-am-\n-®p. ssaen-∏m-SØ - p≈ tUmIvSd- psS ho´n¬ sN∂p. hni-Za - mbn kwkm-cn-®p. ]cn-jØ - p-ambn _‘-s∏´v {]h¿Øn-°m-sa∂v tUmIvS¿ kΩ-Xn-®p. ]n∂oSv tUmIvS¿ ]cn-jØ - ns‚ tPm. sk{I-´d- n-bm-bn, kwÿm\ sshkv {]knU-≠m-bn, {]kn-U≠ - m-bn, bpdo°m ]{Xm[n-]c - m-bn.

Hcp P\-Iob imkv{X {]ÿm-\a- mbn ]cn-jØv AXn-thKw hf-cp-Ibpw hym]n°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Im-eambncp∂p AXv. ]o®n- b nse {]h¿ØI Iymºv , imkv{Xamk ¢mkp-Iƒ, imkv{Xkm-wkvIm-cnI PmY (1977 HIvtSm-_¿ 2\v IÆq¿ Pn√-bnse Iqthcn-bn¬ \n∂mcw-`n®v \hw-_¿ 7 \v Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw Pn√- b nse ]qh- ® - e n¬ kam- ] n® PmYbpsS DZvLm-SI - ≥ tUmIvSd- m-bn-cp-∂p.

PmY-bn¬ DS-\ofw At±lw k©-cn-®p. \nc-h[n tbmK-ßf - n¬ {]kw-Kn-®p.) {Kma imkv{X-k-an-Xn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-Ww, imkv{X-KXn

Hcp P\-Iob imkv{X {]ÿm-\-ambn ]cn-jØv AXn-thKw hf-cp-Ibpw hym]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Im-eambncp∂p AXv. ]o®n-bnse {]h¿ØI Iymºv, imkv{Xamk ¢mkp-Iƒ, imkv{Xkm-wkvIm-cnI PmY {Kma imkv{X-k-an-Xn-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-Ww, sske‚ v hmen {]t£m`w Cßs\-bp≈ F√m {]h¿Ø\-ß-fnepw tUmIvS¿ hfsc Du¿PkzeambnØs∂ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

1980 ¬ Xriq-cn¬ \S∂ 17-˛mw hm¿jnIØns‚ c≠v P\-d¬ I¨ho\¿amcn¬ Hcmƒ tUmIvSdm-bn-cp-∂p.

sske‚ v hmen {]t£m`w Cß-s\bp≈ F√m {]h¿Ø- \ - ß - f nepw tUmIvS¿ hfsc Du¿Pkze-ambnØs∂ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. 1980 ¬ Xriq-cn¬ \S∂ 17˛mw hm¿jnIØns‚ c≠v P\-dI¨ho-\¿amcn¬ Hcmƒ tUmIvSd- m-bn-cp∂p. (a-s‰m-cmƒ s{]m^. kn.-sP. inh-i¶-c\ - pw) ]cn-j-Øns‚ Ncn-{X--Ønse Hcp {]Xn-k‘n L´-Øn¬ tUm. cmlp-es‚ t\XrXzw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠X - m-W.v 76 P\p-hc - n-bn¬ ]cn-jØv kwL-Sn-∏n® imkv{X ¢mkp-Iƒ kaq-l-Ønimkv{X-t_m-[hpw imkv{Xo-b-amb {]]© ho£-Whpw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\p≈ {ia-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. C¥ybn¬ P\m-[n-]Xyw hndßen®p \n∂ ASn-b¥ - n-cm-hÿ - ° - m-ea- m-bn-cp∂p AXv. F√m- h n[ kmaq- l n- I - ˛ - c m- j v { Sob {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°pw \nb-{¥-Wt- a¿s∏Sp-Ønb Imew. ]ucs‚ auen-Im-hI - mi-߃ ac-hn-∏n®p \n¿Ønb Imew, Bscbpw GXp ka-bØpw t]meokn\v AdÃp sNøm≥ A[nIm-ca- p-≠m-bn-cp∂ \mfp- I ƒ. a‰p {]ÿm- \ - ß - f n{]h¿Øn-°p∂ \nc-h[n Bfp-Iƒ ]cnj-Øns‚ ¢mkp-If - psS kwLm-SI - c- mbpw A[ym-]I - c - mbpw h∂p. s]mXpsh ]cnj-Øn-t\mSv FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂h - s - c ¢mkp-If - psS hnPbw Akz-ÿc - m-°n. ]cn-jØv aX-\n-tj-[hpw Cuizc \ntj[hpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂p F∂-h¿ Btcm]n-®p. hnZym-eb - ß - ƒ°-IØv ]cn-jZv {]h¿Ø\w ]mSn-s√∂v hnZym-`ymk Ub- d - I v S ¿ DØ- c - h n- d - ° n. ]cn- j Zv {]h¿Ø- I sc t]meokv tNmZyw sNøm≥ XpS-ßn. Nne¿ Ad-Ãn-em-bn.

Cu Zp¿LS L´-Øn-se√mw {]kn-U-

43

s‚∂ \ne-bn¬ kwL-S\ - sb [oc-ambn \bn-®Xv tUmIvS¿ cmlp-e\ - m-bn-cp-∂p. tUmIvSd - psS {]h¿Ø\ afiew AXn-hn-]p-ea- mWv sF.-Fw.F kwÿm\ {]kn-U≠ - v, Fkv.F - ≥.-Un.]n tbmKw {]kn-U≠ - ,v tIcf kwKoX \mSI A°mZan sshkv sNb¿am≥, kmlnXy A°mZan P\-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, ]n∂m° kap-Zmb ap∂Wn sNb¿am≥, kmlnXy {]h¿ØI kl-Ic - W kwLw Ub-dIvS¿ t_m¿UwKw, Xriq¿ ]ªn°v sse{_dn sshkv {]kn-U≠ - ,v klr-Zb - thZn {]kn-U≠v, tIcf A£ct«mI ]cn-jØv {]kn-U≠ - ,v Im≥s^Uv Pn√m {]kn-U-≠v, ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥ skmssk‰n {]kn-U≠v ˛ Cßs\ tUmIvS¿ t\XrXzw \¬Inb kwL-S\ - I - fpw ÿm]\-ßfpw A\h-[n-bm-W.v tUmIvS¿ HcnSØpw \ma-am{X `mc-hm-ln-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. k{In-ba - mb ]¶m-fn-Øw sIm≠v Xm≥ _‘-s∏´ F√m {]ÿm-\-߃°pw At±lw Du¿Pw ]I¿∂p.

Xriq-cns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI kmbm-”ßsf Xs‚ km∂n[yw sIm≠v tUmIvS¿ kPo-ha- m°n. {]`m-jW - ß-tfm-sSm∏w, kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI {]h¿Ø\-ßtfmsSm∏w kmlnXy cN-\bv°pw At±lw kabw Is≠-Øn. At±-lØns‚ IrXn-If - n¬ G‰hpw {it≤-ba - mbXv "Kpcp-tZ-h≥˛ Hm¿Ω-If - nse kqcytX-P v' F∂ {KŸ-am-W.v Ah-km-\I - meØv C¥y-bnse tkmjy-enÃv {]ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp {KŸw cNn-°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-bn-cp-∂p A - t- ±-lw.

44

Xriq-cns‚ kmwkvImcnI kmbm-”-ßsf Xs‚ km∂n[yw sIm≠v tUm-IvS¿ kPo-h-am°n. {]`m-j-Wß-tfm-sSm-∏w, kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI {]h¿Ø-\-ßtfmsSm∏w kmlnXy cN-\bv°pw At±lw kabw Is≠Øn. At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw {it≤-b-am-bXv "Kpcp-tZh≥˛ Hm¿Ω-I-fnse kqcy-tX-P v' F∂ {KŸ-am-Wv. Ah-km-\-ImeØv C¥y-bnse tkmjy-enÃv {]ÿm-\sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp {KŸw cNn-°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp∏n-em-bn-cp-∂p -A-t±-lw.

1980 \p tij-amWv tUmIvS¿ ]cn-jØn-se- ssZ\w-Zn\ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n\n∂v AI-ep-∂Xpw a‰p taJ-eI - f - nse {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n¬ \na·-\m-Ip-∂Xpw . ]t£ F∂pw At±-lØ - ns‚ a\- n]cn-jØ - n-s\m-cnSw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p h¿jw apºv \S∂ amknIm {]Nm-cW - Øns‚ Pn√mXe DZvLm-S\w \n¿h-ln®Xv At±-la - m-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ tkmjy-enÃv Bi-bß - f - n¬ BIr-jSv \mb At±lw tkmjy-enÃv {]ÿm-\hp- a mbn kl- I - c n®p {]h¿Øn®p sIm≠mWv kmaq-lnI PohnXw Bcw-`n°p-∂Xv. AX-t±-l-Øns‚ a\- ncqVaq-ea- m°nb kmaq-ln-I\ - o-Xn-bp-sSbpw ka-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Bi-bß - ƒ - At±lw F∂pw apdpsI ]nSn-®p. A-Xm-bn-cn°mw At±-lsØ SNDP tbmK-Øns‚ t\XrXz-Øn-te°v \bn-®X - .v HutZym- K nI Pohn- X - a m- c w- ` n® ImeØp Xs∂ At±lw imkv{XkmlnXy ]cn-jØ - p-ambn _‘s∏´p.

AXns‚ ap≥ \nc-bn¬ {]h¿Øn®p.

Cu {]h¿Ø\w A\u-]N - m-cn-IX - , emfnXyw, At\z-jWXzc, ]T-t\m-∑p-JX - , imkv{X-t_m[w XpS-ßnb aqey-߃ At±-lØ - ns‚ hy‡nXzØns‚ `mK-am°n-am-‰n.

Aß-s\, tkmjy-enÃv {]ÿm-\hpw P\-Iob imkv{X-{]-ÿm\hpw tN¿∂v cq]-s∏-Sp-ØnbXmWv tUm. sI.sI. c - m-lp-es‚ a[p-chpw kuayhpw Zo]vXh - p-amb hy‡nXzw. BKÃv 2011

imkv{Xw tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

{Ko°v ss]XrIw tUm. B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\ms‚ "imkv{X-km-t¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS Ncn{Xw' F∂ ]pkvXIØnse A©mw A[ym-bØns‚ XpS¿®

4.4 {Koknse kmt¶-XnIhnZym- hnImkw s]mXp kz`mhw {Koknse _p≤o-Po-hn-Iƒ°v (a-s‰√m-bn-Ss - Øbpw _p≤n-Po-hn-Is - f-t∏mse Xs∂) ImbnI A[zm-\t- ØmSp ]p—w Bbn-cp-∂p. F∂p Xs∂-b-√, {]tbmP-\-]-cX F∂ k¶ev]w t]mepw tamiw Bbn-´mWv Ah¿ Icp-Xn-b-Xv. Ivtkt\m-t^m¨ (Xenophon) F∂ Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ (D.430-˛355 _n.-kn.)- FgpXn: ""bm{¥nI hnZy-Iƒ°v (mechanical arts) \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ Hcp A[xÿnXXzw BWp-≈X - v. AXv icnbp- a m- W v . '' A[zm\w Bh- i y- a p≈ tPmen-Iƒ Ah¿ ASn-a-Iƒ°v hn´p.

KXn-tI-Sp-sIm≠v ImbnI tPmen-Iƒ sNtø≠n hcp-∂-h¿°v kaq-l-Ønimkv{X-KXn

Xmgv∂ ÿm\hpw I¬∏n-®p. Cß\sØ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ A[zm-\^ew sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ kmt¶-XnI apt∂‰w D≠m-Ip-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°m≥ Bhn- √ - t √m. A[zm- \ n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿°v Aß-\sØ I≠p-]n-SnØ-߃ \S-Øm\p≈ D’mlw D≠m-hn-√. ssk≤m¥n-I-amb Adnhpw D≠m-hn-√. AXn\m¬ a‰p-hn-[-Øn¬ s]cpa t]¿∂ bh\ kwkvIr-Xn-bn¬ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ Gsd-sbm∂pw ]ptcm-Ka - n-®n√ F∂-Xn¬ A¤p-X-an-√.

F¶nepw Nne ASn-ÿm\ sa®ßƒ Ah¿°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ccpºns‚ D]-tbmKw km[m-cWw Bbncp-∂p. ]ns∂, \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn-\p-XIp∂ Nne b{¥-߃ Ah¿°p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. DZm-lc - Ww kv{Iqhpw enhdpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ ssh≥ {]kv (Wine

press)

apX-emb Nne kwhn-[m-\-߃. s\bvØv ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw CuPn-]vXn-te-Xp-t]mse Db¿∂ \nehm-c-sam∂pw AXv ]pe¿Øn-bn-√.

\n¿amW hnZy F∂m¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv cwKØv Ah¿ Akq-bm-h-l-amb t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-®p. AXn\v cmjv{So-bhpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ih - p-amb tNmZ-\I - ƒ D≠mbn-cp-∂p. {Koknse \Kc cmjv{S-߃ F°m-ehpw Xmc-Xt- ay\ sNdnb cmPy߃ Bbn-cp-∂p. Chsb GtIm-]n∏n®p ss\¬ \Zo-XS- Ø - nse t]mse H‰ km{amPyw B°p-∂-Xn\p `q{]-IrXn Xs∂ XS w Bbn-cp-∂p. Cu \Kc cmjv{S-߃ XΩn¬ ]Xn-hp≈ bp≤߃ AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \n¿an-XnIƒ°pw b{¥-߃°pw {]tNm-Z\ - a- m-bn.

45

Zzo]p-Ifpw kap-{Z-Xoc \K-c-ßfpw tN¿∂ `q{]-IrXn Ahsc anI-hp‰ \mhn- I - c m- ° n. sImcn- ¥ v (Corinth), GX≥kv (Athens) apX-emb \K-c-ßfn¬ Xoc-°S- e - n-eq-sS-bp≈ I®-hS- hpw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-´p. IpSn-sh≈ £maw A\p-`-h-s∏´ ]e \K-c-ßfpw Zqc-ÿß-fmb Pe t{kmX- p-I-fn¬\n∂p sh≈w sIm≠p-hc - m-\mbn tXmSp-Ifpw AIz-U-IvSp-Ifpw [6] \n¿an-®p.

CuPn-]v‰p-Im-sc-t∏mse {Ko°pIm¿°v ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Ønhenb Iº-sam∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿ ]nc-an-Up-Itfm tIa-s∏´ I√-d-Itfm ]Wn-bm≥ Xp\n™n-√. F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS {]nb-s∏´ tZh-X-Iƒ°v Ah¿ at\m-l-c-amb tZhm-eb - ß - ƒ D≠m-°n. kpIp-amc IeI-fn¬ A`n-ca - n® Ah¿ Bw^n Xntb‰-dp-Ifpw tÃUn-b-ßfpw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXp.

bh\ hmkvXp-hnZy ]n¬°me bqtdm-]y≥ hmkvXp-hnZy Ah-ew-_n®v hymI-cW \nb-a-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p≈ \ntbmKw bh\¿°mWv e`n-®X - v. KpW\ne-hm-ca - p≈ XSnbpw I√pw kpe- ` - a m- b n- c p∂ {Kokn¬ CuPn-]vXn-se-t∏mse Xs∂ XqWpw Xpem-ßfpw (post and lintel) tN¿∂ \n¿amW ssien kzm`m-hn-Iambpw ]n≥Xp-Sc - s - ∏-´p. satkms∏mt´anb-bn-se-t∏mse `oam-Im-c-amb FSp-∏pIƒ Ah¿°v th≠n-h-∂n-√. F∂m]c-º-cm-KX ssien-bnse Hmtcm LSI-sØbpw Ah¿ A{im¥ ]cn-{iahpw A\ym-Zr-iyamb kuμcy-t_m[hpw sIm≠v ]cn-]q¿W-X-bn-se-Øn®p. ]m¿sX-t\m≥ (Parthenon), Csd-

46

‡nbw (Erechtheum) XpS- ß n- b h F°m-es - Øbpw anI® hmkvXp-in-e] v ß-fmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. hfsc t\csØ Xs∂ (_n.-kn.

HºXmw iXIw apX¬) CuPn-b≥ ISens‚ Ccp-h-i-Øp-ambn tUmdn-Iv, Atbm- W nIv F∂n- ß s\ c≠v \n¿amW coXn-Iƒ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h∂ - p. kvXw`-ß-fpsS (columns) Xe-∏p-Iƒ cq]-I-ev]\ sNøp-∂-Xn-emWv Ch XΩn-ep≈ {][m\ hyXym-kw. {]mIv-˛tUm-dnIv (Proto-Doric) [7] F∂v hnfn-°s∏-Sp∂ ]Sn-™m-d≥ ssien-bn¬ XSn sIm≠p≈ XqWns‚ XSn® A{K-`mKw (Capital) hrØm-Ir-Xn-bnepw AXn-\p-apI-fn-ep≈ I´ (abacus) NXp-c-Ønepw Bbn-cn-°pw. Xmc-Xt- ay\ efnXw BWv Cu ssien. \ofw Ipd™p XSn-®hbpw ASn-°´ (]o-Tw) C√m-Ø-hbpw Bb XqWp-Iƒ i‡n {]k-cn-∏n-°p∂p. ka-_-lp-`pP BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ XqWp-Iƒ°v km[m-cW Ccp-]Xp hi߃ D≠m-Ipw, Ah apI-fn-tebv°v hÆw Ipd™p hcpw. kvXw`-߃°v apI-fn¬ D≈ `mKw BWv {^okv (Frieze). tUmdnIv ssien-bn¬ AXpw efnXw Bbn-cn-°pw. {]mtbW inem \n¿an- X - a mb Atbm-WnIv kvXw`-߃ saen™p \o≠h Bbn-cp-∂p. hrØm-Ir-Xn-bnD≈ kvXw`-ßsf Xmsg apX¬ tae‰w hsc \ofp∂ hc-Iƒ sIm≠v ]mfn-Iƒ (Flutes) Bbn Xncn-®n-cn-°pw. A\-h[n XqWp-Iƒ \nc-bmbn \n¬°p-tºmƒ Zqsc \n∂p t\m°p-∂h - ¿°v B XqWpIƒ tae-‰Øv AI∂p t]mIpw-t]mep≈ Imgv®-t°Sv (optical illusion) ]Xnhm-Wv. AXv Hgn-hm-°m-\m-bn, XqWp-I-

fpsS a[y-Øn¬ hÆw Iq´p∂ Hcp XncpØv Ah¿ \S- ∏ m- ° n. CXn\v F≥Sm-knkv (Entasis) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

CXns‚ XpS°w satkm-s∏m-t´-an-bbn¬ Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-t√m. AtbmWn-b-°m¿ AXns\ Gsd aptºm´p sIm≠p-t]m-bn. Npcp-fp-I-fm¬ Ae¶rXw Bb kv X w`m{Kw (captial) Atbm-WnIv ssien-bpsS khn-ti-jX BWv. kvXw`-Øn\v ASn-Ø-d-bmbn ]oTw D≠m-Ipw. ]oTw ]e-t∏mgpw h´Øn-ep≈ ]e X´p-Iƒ ASp-°n-bXp t]men-cn-°pw.

B¿s°bvIv (archaic) Ime-L´w Bb-t∏m-tg°pw (G-Xm≠v _n.-kn.

F´mw \q‰m≠v apX¬ Bdmw \q‰m-≠ph- s c)Ch c≠pw \njv I r- j v S - a mb hmkvXp ssien-If - mbn cq]m-¥c - s - ∏-´p.

Ch IqSmsX sImdn¥n-b≥ F∂ aq∂ma-sXmcp ssienbpw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h∂p. F∂m¬ {Kokn-s\-°mƒ tdma≥ Ime- L - ´ - Ø n- e mWv sImdn- ¥ n- b ≥ ssien IqSp-X¬ {]Nm-cØ - n¬ BbXv. sImdn-¥n-b≥ (Corinthiyan) ssien Ae-¶mc PSnew At{X. kvXw`m-{KØn¬ h√n-Ifpw ]qhp-Ifpw Hs° D≠m-Ipw. Atbm-WnIv ssien-bnF∂-Xp-t]mse ^vfq´p-Ifpw ]oThpw sImcn-¥n-b-\nepw D≠m-Ipw. ImgvN-∏niIv ]cn- l - c n- ° m- \ p≈ XncpØpw Atbm-WnIv ssien-bn¬ \n∂v Ah¿ ISw sIm≠p. a‰v c≠p ssien-If - nepw ta¬Ø´v (Cornice) sNcn™v BsW¶n¬ sImcn-¥n-b\ - n¬ AXv ]c-∂n-´mWv ]Xn-hv. _n.- k n. A©mw \q‰m- ≠ nse GX≥kn¬ alm-\mb s]cn-¢n-kns‚ c£m- I ¿Xr- X z- Ø nepw CIv S n- \ - k v

BKÃv 2011

(Ictinus),

^nUn-bm-kv (Phidias), Imen{Im-s´kv (Callicrates), avs\kn-¢nkv (Mnesiclis) XpS-ßnb ÿ]-Xn-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw {Ko°v hmkvXp-hnZy AXns‚ ]mc-ay-X-bn-se-Øn. tUmdnIv ssien-°m-bn-cp∂p B[n-]X - yw. FImfl-I-X, ka-Xp-e-\w, kz`mh {]Im-i\w, Ah-bh A\p-]mXw XpS-ßnb kuμcy LS-I-ß-fn¬ AXo-\n-b≥ hmkvXp inev]-߃ A\ym-Zr-i-amb Hu∂Xyw ssIh-cn-®p. ]m¿sX-t\m≥ Xs∂-bmWv tUmdnIv ssien-bpsS G‰hpw XnI™ DZm-l-c-Ww. ImgvN∏n-iI - p-Iƒ ]cn-lc - n-°m-\p≈ Xncp-Øep- I ƒ kvXw`- ß - f n¬ am{X- a √ πm‰vt^m-ap-I-fnepw Nhn-´p-]-Sn-I-fnepw Ah¿ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ FØn-®p. \o≠ πm‰vt^map-Iƒ Zqsc \n∂v t\m°ptºmƒ a[y- Ø n¬ Ign- b p- ∂ - X mbn tXm∂p-a-t√m. B ImgvN-∏n-iIv ]cnl- c n- ° m≥ Ahbv ° v a[y- Ø nX≈n® sImSp-°p∂ coXn Ah¿ \S∏m-°n. ]m¿sX-t\m-Wns‚ Nhn-´p-]-SnI-fnse ta¬]Sn (stylobate) CØ-cØn¬ tatem´v X≈n-bmWv ]Wn-Xn-cn°p-∂X - v. Cu Xd-bn-emWv kvXw`-߃ \n¬°p-∂X - v. X∑qew Ahbv°v ew_ambn ]Wn-bp∂ kvXw`-߃ ]pdtØm´p Nmbm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. AXv Xncp- Ø p- ∂ - X n\pw kam- ¥ - c - a mbn ]WnX \o≠ XqWp-Iƒ kzm`m-hn-Iambn Xs∂ AI∂p t]mIp∂p F∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏n-iIv ]cn-lcn-°p-∂-Xn-\pambn ]m¿sX-t\m-Wnse kv X w`- ß ƒ kzev ] w AI- t Øm´p Nm™v BWv ]Wn-Xn-cn-°p-∂X - v. Ah tatem´v \o´n-bm¬ GI-tZiw Hcp ssa¬ Db-c-Øn¬ Iq´n-ap-´p-at{X![8]. ]n¬°m-eØv kph¿W A\p-]mXw [Golden ratio] F∂v {]kn-≤-amb A\p]m-XØ - n-emWv ]m¿sX-t\m-Wns‚ Afhp-Iƒ {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m¿sXt\m-Wns\ Hcp Zriy hnkvabw B°p∂-Xn¬ CØcw LS-Iß - ƒ Hcp henb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.

I∏¬ \n¿am-Ww IS¬ hgn-bp≈ B{I-a-W-ßsf sNdp-°m\pw I®-h-S-Øn\pw Bbn {Ko°p- I m¿ kpk- ÷ - a mb \mhnI hyqlw \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. I∏\n¿amW kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bn¬ Ah¿ CuPn-]vXn-s\-°mƒ hfsc apt∂m´p t]mbn. CuPn-]vjy≥ I∏-ep-Iƒ hoXn IqSn-bXpw hepXpw Bbn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Ah ]e-I-Iƒ ASn®p Iq´n sImcpsØ- S p- Ø h Bbn- c p- ∂ p. F∂m{Ko°p-Im-cpsS I∏-ep-Iƒ \o≠p saen™h Bbn- c p- ∂ p. I∏- e p- I ƒ°v \s´√v (keel˛CXn\v ASn-a-cw, ]m≠n, imkv{X-KXn

\uIm-[mcw Fs∂ms° ]d-bm-dp-≠v) CSp∂ kt¶Xw XpS-ßn-bXv Ah-cmWv. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS I∏-ep-Iƒ A{X _e-hØv Bbn-cpt∂m F∂v kwibw BWv. bp≤-Øn¬ FXn-cm-fnI-fpsS I∏-ep-I-fp-am-bp≈ Iq´n-bn-Snbn¬ {Ko°v I∏- e p- I ƒ XI¿∂p t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂t- {X. _n.-kn. 250 HmsS {Ko°p-Im¿ Xß-fpsS bp≤-I-∏-epIƒ°v Cubw sIm≠p≈ ]pdw-tXmSv C´p XpS-ßn-bX - mbn ImWp-∂p. {Ko°p-Im-cp-sS-Xmbn \mw C∂-dnbp∂ ]e kmt¶-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-Ifpw hmkvXh-Øn¬ Ae-Ik v m-{≠nb tI{μo-Ic - n®p ]n∂oSv hnI-kn®p h∂ kwkvIr-XnbpsS kw`m-h\ Bbn-cp-∂p. CXns\ sls√-\n-kvSnIv F∂mWv ]d-bm-dv. sl√mkv F∂mWv {Ko°p-Im¿ AhcpsS cmPysØ hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AeIvkm-≠-dpsS ]S-tbm-´-Øn-\p-tijw {Ko°v kzm[o-\-Øn¬ ]Sn-™m-d≥ Gjy- b n¬ hf¿∂p h∂ k¶c kwkvIr-Xnsb BWv sls√-\n-kvSnIv F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≈-Xv. AXnCuPn-]vjy-\v, satkm-s∏m-t´-an-b-\v, t]¿jy≥ kwkv I r- X n- I - f p- s Sbpw kzm[o\w henb Af-hn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ae- I v k m- { ≠nb Bbn- c p∂p AXns‚ tI{μw.

]n¬°me bqtdm-]y≥ hmkvXp-hnZy Ah-ew_n®v hymI-cW \nb-a߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m\p≈ \ntbmKw bh\¿°mWv e`n-®-Xv. KpW\ne-hm-c-ap≈ XSnbpw I√pw kpe-`-ambn-cp∂ {Kokn¬ CuPn]vXn-se-t∏mse Xs∂ XqWpw Xpem-ßfpw tN¿∂ \n¿amW ssien kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ]n≥XpS-c-s∏-´p. satkms∏mt´anb-bn-se-t∏mse `oam-Im-camb FSp-∏p-Iƒ Ah¿°v th≠n-h-∂n-√.

F∂m¬ ]c-º-cm-KX ssien-bnse Hmtcm LSI-sØbpw Ah¿ A{im¥ ]cn-{i-ahpw A\ym-Zr-iyamb Ipdn∏v:-˛ kuμcy-t_m-[hpw [6] Zqc ÿe-ß-fn-te°v sh≈w sIm≠v ]cn-]q¿W-X-bnsIm≠p t]mIm-\p≈ tXmSp-I-fmWv se-Øn-®p. ]m¿sX-t\m≥, AIz-UIv‰v (aquaduct). ]e-t∏mgpw Csd-‡nbw XpS-ßn-bh XqWp-If- n¬ ÿm]n® ]mØn-If- n-eqsS Bbn-cn°pw sh≈w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-I. F°m-e-sØbpw anI® [7] tUmdnIv F∂Xv tUmdn-b-∑m¿ hmkvXp-in-ev]-ß-fmbn F∂ BZna {Ko°v tKm{X-°m-cn¬ \n∂v \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

D≠mb hm°m-Wv. {Io‰pw Np‰p-]mSpw Bbn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS Bÿm-\w.

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon

47

IpXn-sIm-≈p∂ imkv{Xw kn.-hn. N{μ≥

aq∂p Zi-I-߃°papºv amcn-\¿-˛10 \¬Inb ]pXp-hn-h-c-߃ _p[-s\-°p-dn®v Ht´sd Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw ]e kn≤m-¥-ßfpw cq]w sIm≈m≥ CS-bm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. \ne-hn-ep≈ ]e kn≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw ]pXnb shfn-®-Øn¬ Xncp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {Kl-ß-sf-°p-dn®p am{X-a-√, kuc-bqYsØ BI-am\w kv]¿in-°p∂ ]pØ≥hn-h-c-ß-fpsS \n[n Ipw`ßfmhpw ASpØ h¿j-tØmsS sas ≥P¿ ae¿s°-Øp-d-°p-I.

_p[s‚ cl-ky-߃ tXSn tIm∏¿\n°kv ac-W-i-ø-bn-emWv. Bk∂ acW Nn¥-If - n¬ At±-lsØ Ae-´p∂ H∂v X\n°v {Kl-ßf - n¬ kqcyt\mSv G‰hpw kao-]-ÿ-amb _p[s\ ImWm≥ Ign-™n-´n√ F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. tIm∏¿ \n°-kns‚ BZy-Ime Poh-Ncn{X cN-bn-Xm-°-fn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂ Kmk≥Uv (Gassend) Xs‚ "tIm∏¿ \n°-kns‚ PohnXw' (Life of Copernicus) F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ CØ-cs - amcp IY CW°n- t ®¿Ø- X n- s \- Ø p- S ¿∂v tPymXn»mkv { X {KŸ- ß - f n¬ Bh¿Øn®p t]m∂ IY-bmWv ac-W-i-ø-bn¬ _p[s\-tbm¿Øv hymIp-es - ∏-Sp∂ tIm∏¿\n°-kns‚ Cu ssZ\y-Nn-{Xw. "BIm-it- Km-fß - f - psS {`aWw' F∂ hn{ipX {KŸ-Øn¬ tIm∏¿\n-°kv

48

Ae-Ik v m¨{Un-b≥ hm\-\n-co-£I - ¿ _p[s\ I≠-Xmbn ]d-bp∂ Imcy߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. AtXmsSm∏w AXv Xm≥ hkn-°p∂ ÿesØ-°mƒ hy‡-ambn N{I-hmfw ImWm-hp-∂X - p-sIm-≠m-sW∂pw tcJs∏- S p- Ø n. Xm≥ Xma- k n- ° p∂ ÿesØ A¥- c o£w _p[s\ \nco-£n-°m≥ ]‰n-b-X√ F∂ Cu kqN-\-bn¬\n-∂m-hWw tIm∏¿\n°kv _p[s\ I≠n-t´-bn√ F∂ \nK- a - \ - Ø n¬ Poh- N - c n- { X- I m- c ≥ FØn-t®¿∂-X.v ]n¬°m-eØv ]e ]WvUn-Xcpw Cu hnjbw hni-Ie - \w sNøp-Ibpw C°-Y-bn¬ A{X Ig-ºn√ F∂p hmZn- ° p- I bpw sNbvXn- ´ p- ≠ v.

tIm∏¿\n- ° - k n\v At±- l - Ø ns‚ kz¥w ÿeØv _p[s\ ImWm≥ Ign- ™ n- ´ n- s √- ¶ nepw Hº- X p- h ¿jtØmfw C‰-en-bnepw Ipd-®p-h¿jw tdmanepw tPymXn-»mkv{Xw ]Tn-®n-cp∂ At±lw _p[s\ I≠n-´p-≠m-hn√ F∂Xv bp‡n- k - l - a √ F∂mWo ]WvUn-X-cpsS \nK-a-\w.

IY-sb-¥m-bmepw _p[≥ \nco-£W- Ø n\v A{X hg- ß p∂ H∂- √ . kqcy\v G‰hpw ASp-Øp≈ {Kl-amb-Xp-sIm≠v kqcy-{]-`b - n¬\n∂v thdn´v AXns\ \nco-£n-°p-∂Xpw ZpjvIcw Xs∂. kqcy≥ AkvX-an®v GXm≠v c≠p aWn-°q-dn-\Iw _p[≥ AkvXan-°pw. DZ-bhpw Gsd-°psd kqtcym-Zb-Øn\v c≠p-aW - n-°q¿ apºv. `qan-bpsS BKÃv 2011

N{I-hm-fØ - n¬\n∂v Gsd Db-sc-b√ - mØ-Xn-\m¬ \nco-£Ww hnjaw ]nSn®-Xp-X-s∂. D≈ ImgvN-Xs∂ A¥-co£-hmbp hnI-e-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

C∏-d-™-sXm∂pw hm\-\n-co-£Isc ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bncp-∂n-√. {InkvXp-hn\v \mep \q‰m-≠pap-ºp-Xs∂ CØ-cs - amcp BImitKmfap-≈X - mbn {Ko°p-Im¿ Is≠-Øn-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ Ah¿ cmhnse ImWp∂-Xns\ "At∏mtfm' F∂pw AkvXab thf-bn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns\ "sl¿ankv ' F∂pw c≠v {]tXyI hkvXp-°f - mbn Nn{Xo-Ic - n-®p. F¶nepw Xma-kn-bmsX {Ko°v tPymXn-»m-kv{X⁄¿ CXv c≠pw H∂p-X-s∂-sb∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øn. tdma-°m¿ XßfpsS A©-tem-´° - m-c≥ ssZh-Øns‚ (Mercury) t]cv AXn\p \¬In. a‰p {Kl- ß - s f- ° m- s fms° thK- Ø nBIm-iK - a- \w \S-Øp-∂X - m-sW∂ \nco£-W-Øn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp∂p Cu t]cv. ]ucm-WnI Ime-Øp-Xs∂ C¥ybnse hm\-im-kv{X-⁄cpw _p[s\ \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ hni-Zmw-i߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠.v A©mw \q‰m-≠nse "kqcy-kn-≤m¥w' F∂ C¥y≥ tPymXn-»mkv{X {KŸØn¬ _p[s‚ hymkw 3008 ssaBsW∂p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

C∂v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ 3032 ssa¬ F∂ hymk-hp-ambn CXv A¤pX-I-c-amb kmZriyw ]pe¿Øp-∂p.

15-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tIc-f-Ønepw CØcw \nco-£-W-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-SpØepw D≠m-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. {Kl߃ kqcys\ Np‰p-∂X - mb kn≤m¥w `mKn-I-am-sb-¶nepw \oeIWvT tkmabmPn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. _p[\pw Aßs\ kqcys\ Np‰p- ∂ - X mbn At±lw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Mariner-10

Bbn-cp-∂p. 1974 am¿®v apX¬ 1975 am¿®v hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-fhn¬ CXv aq∂p-X-hW _p[s\ hew h®p. _p[s‚ {`a-W-Øns‚ khn-tij-Xa - qew aq∂p-Xh - W - bpw amcn-\¿ hcptºmƒ Xs‚ Htc-hiw Xs∂-bmWv _p[≥ {]Z¿in-∏n-®-Xv. Nne lmky \S-∑m-sc-t∏m-se. ^etam _p[s‚ D]cn-Xe - Ø - ns‚ 45 iX-am\w am{Xta D]{K-lØ - ns‚ \nco-£W - ß - ƒ°p hnt[b-am-bp-≈q. amcn-\¿-˛10 Cu {]iv\-Øn¬ A`qX-]q¿h-amb XpS-°hpw t\´-hp-amWv ssIh-cn-®-sX-¶nepw Cu {Ktlm-]-cnXew ]q¿W-ambpw Z¿in-°p-Is - b-∂Xv A]q¿W-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-bmbn \nesIm-≠p.

{InkvXp-hn\v \mep \q‰m≠p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ CØ-csamcp BImitKmf-ap-≈Xmbn {Ko°p-Im¿ Is≠Øn-bn-cp-∂p. F∂mAh¿ cmhnse ImWp-∂Xns\ "At∏mtfm' F∂pw AkvX-ab thfbn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xns\ "sl¿ankv' F∂pw c≠v {]tXyI hkvXp-°fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p. sas ≥P¿ F¶nepw Xma-kn-bmsX Cu ZuXyw \n¿h- l n- ° m- \ mbn {Ko°v tPymXn-»m-kv{XAta-cn-°≥ _ln-cm-Imi GP≥kn⁄¿ CXv c≠pw H∂p-X- bmb \mk 2004 BK-Ãn¬ hnt£-]n® s∂-sb∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-se- "sas ≥P¿' Ct∏mƒ _p[s\ hew hbv°p-Ib - mWv (MESSENGER-MErcury Øn. tdma-°m¿ XßSurface, Space ENvironment, GEochemifpsS A©-tem-´-°m-c≥ stry and Ranging) ssZh-Øns‚ t]cv Bdc h¿j-tØmfw \o≠ Cu AXn\p \¬In. a‰p bm{X-bn¬ FÆqdptImSn Intem-ao-‰¿ {Kl-ß-sf-°m-sfms° Zqcw Xm≠n-bmWv 2011 am¿®v 18-˛\v sas ≥P¿ _p[s\ hew-h-bv°m-\mthK-Øn¬ BIm-i-Ka\w \S-Øp-∂-Xm-sW∂ cw- ` n- ® - X v . `qan- b psS Zpcq- l - X - I ƒ \nd™ Cu sIm®p ktlm-Z-cs\ \nco-£-W-Øn¬ \n∂mhni- Z - a mbn ]cn- t im- [ n- ° p- I - b mWv bn-cp∂p Cu t]cv.

CXns‚ e£yw. Ct∏mƒ AXv _p[s‚ Nn{X-߃ Ab®p XpS-ßn.

37 h¿jw-apºv \mk Xs∂ Ab®

B[p-\nI \nco-£-W-߃ _ln-cm-Imi t]S-Iß - f - b - ®v kucbq-Y-Ønse hnZq-c-{K-l-ßsf th´-bmSm≥ a\p-jy≥ \S-Ønb {ia-ß-fnAh-KW - n-°s - ∏´ H∂mWv Xmc-Xt- ay\ kao-]-ÿ-amb _p[≥. kao-]-Imew hsc AXn-\p≈ {ia-ß-fp-≠m-bn-√.

CXn\v X°-Xmb Imc-Wh - p-ap-≠.v kqcyt\mSv G‰hpw ASp-Øp-≈-Xm-b-XpXs∂ {][m\ Imc- W w. kqcys‚ C{Xbpw ASp-tØ°v Hcp t]SIw hnSW-sa-¶n¬ AXns\ hnt£-]n®p Ign™m¬ A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX thKX Ipd-b° v p-hm-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w thWw. a\p-jys‚ kmt¶-XnIhn-Zy-I-fnse G‰hpw anI® t\´-ßf - n-sem-∂mb Cu Ignhv t\Snb _ln-cm-Im-i-t]-SIw Fgp-]X - p-If - psS BZyw cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb imkv{X-KXn

49

Mariner-10 Nne Nn{X-߃ Ab-®n-cp∂p. amcn-\¿°v _p[s‚ ]Ip-Xn-bnXmsg `mKw am{Xta Z¿in-°m-\m-bp-≈q. sas ≥P¿ AXoh hy‡-X-bp≈ 75,000 Nn{X-ß-fn-eqsS _p[s‚ D]-cnXew ]q¿W-ambpw Zriy-am-°pw. Nn{X߃°p ]pdsa Ht´sd hnh-c-ß-fpw AXv tiJ-cn-°m-\p≈ D]-Ic - W - ß - fpw AXn¬ LSn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. BZysØ Nn{X-ß-fn-sem-∂n¬Xs∂ Debussy F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏´ 90 In.-ao. hymk-ap≈ K¿Øw AXns‚ hni-Zmwi-ß-tfmsS Zriy-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. CXv Z£nW {[ph-Øn-em-Wv. CXn-\p-apºv ImWm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√mØ Hcp `mKw. kqcys‚ ITn-\-amb NqSn¬\n∂v c£t\-Sm-\p≈ Hcp {]tXyI IpS-bp-ambn sas ≥P¿ Hcp-h¿jw \ofp∂ ]cyth-£W - Ø - n-s\m-cp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C∏d-™Xv `qan-bpsS Hcp h¿j-am-Wv. F∂m¬ _p[-\n¬ CXv c≠p-Zn-hkw am{Xw. ImcWw A®p-X-≠n¬ Hcp {`aWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ _p[≥ `qanbpsS IW-°n¬ 176 Znh-k-sa-Sp°pw

_p[s‚ {`aWw _p[s\ kw_- ‘ n® Ht´sd Imcy-߃ ]ucm-WnI tPymXn-»m-k{v X⁄¿°dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. `qan-bn¬ \nebp-d-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Nn{X-ßfpw KW-\-ßfpw sIm≠v Ah¿ IW-°pI-fp-≠m-°n. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]I - p-Xn-bn¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Gsd hy‡-Xb - p-≠m-bn. kqcys\ Hcp XhW Np‰m-s\-Sp-°p∂ kabw Xs∂-bmWv _p[s‚ A®p-X-≠nse Hcp {`a-W-

50

Øn\p th≠-Xv. CXn-\¿∞w _p[s‚ Hcp hiw Ft∏mgpw kqcy-s\-Xnsc Xs∂-bm-bncn°pw F∂m-Wv. CXn¬\n∂v e`n-°m-hp∂ as‰mcp hnkva-b-Ic-amb \nK-a\w _p[≥ kuc-bq-YØnse G‰hpw Xm]-ta-dnb {Kl-amsW-∂pw, AtXm-sSm∏w G‰hpw XWpt∏-dn-bXpw! ÿnc-ambn kqcy\v adp-hiØp \n¬°p∂ `mKw XWp∏p Xs∂bm-hp-a-t√m. CØcw {`a-W-Øn\v synchronous rotation F∂p ]d-bpw. ]n∂oSv dUm- d p- I ƒ \ne- h n¬ h∂- t XmsS C°mcyw Aev]-kzev]w t`Z-K-Xn-ItfmsS ÿnco-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. `qan- b n¬ \n¿an® t]S- I - a mb sas ≥P-dn\v km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn_p[s‚ ]cn-kc - Ø - p≈ Xm]w Xmßm\m-hn-√. ImcWw AXv kqcyt\mSv G‰hpw ASpØp \n¬°p-∂p. CXn\mbn Cu t]S-IØ - n\v henb Hcp IpS \n¿an®p \¬In-bn-´p-≠v kqcy-Xm]w sNdp°m≥. AXn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXv _p[≥ t\cn-Sp∂ Xm]-\ne (4500C) G‰p-hmßn Icn™p t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. _p[s‚ D¤h ]cn-Wm-aß - s - f-°p-dn®v hne- s ∏´ hnh- c - ß ƒ sas ≥P¿ \¬Ip-sa-∂mWv imkv{X-⁄-cpsS {]Xo-£. kuc-bq-Y-Ønse \mev Jc-cq-]n-Ifmb {Kl-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv _p[≥. ip{I≥, `qan, sNmΔ F∂n-hb - mWv a‰p aqs∂-Æw. C°m-cWw sIm≠pw kqcyt\mSv G‰hpw ASpØ {Kl-am-b-XpsIm≠pw kuc-bq-Y-Øns‚ D¤-hsØbpw ]cn- W m- a - s Øbpw kw_‘n® hnh-c-߃ \¬Im≥ Cu ]cy-

th-j-W-Øn-\m-Ipw. Cu \mep {Klß-fn¬ G‰hpw sNdpXpw G‰hpw km{μ-Xt- b-dn-bXpw _p[≥ Xs∂. Iq´Øn¬ G‰hpw ]g-°-ta-dnb D]-cn-Xehpw _p[-t‚-Xm-W.v {]X-eX - m] hyXnbm-\hpw Cu {Kl-Øn-\p-X-s∂. apJy-ambpw Bdp tNmZy-߃°v DØcw tXSn-bmWv sa ≥P¿ {]hrØn-bm-cw-`n-®ncn°p-∂-Xv. {Kl-Øns‚ km{μ-X, D¤h Ncn-{Xw, B¥-cnI Im¥n-Ih - e - b - w, {[ph-ßf - nse ]Zm¿∞߃, A¥-co-£Ø - ns‚ _mly-Xe - w, Dƒ°m-ºns‚ LS\. C°m-cy-ßs - f-°pdn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ hkvXp-XIƒ imkv{X-⁄-cpsS ]e kwi-b-ßfpw ]cn- l - c n- t ®- ° pw. DZm- l - c - W - Ø n\v _p[s‚ Dƒ°m-ºns‚ km{μ-Xs - b-°pdn®v t\Sp∂ hnh-cß - ƒ AXns‚ L\kz-`m-h-sØ-bpw, `qan°p kZr-i-amb Im¥nI he- b - s Øbpw IqSp- X hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ klmbn°pw. aq∂p Zi-Iß - ƒ°papºv amcn-\¿-˛10 \¬Inb ]pXp-hn-hc - ß - ƒ _p[-s\-°pdn®v Ht´sd Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-°pIbpw ]e kn≤m- ¥ - ß fpw cq]w sIm≈m≥ CS-bm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. \ne-hn-ep≈ ]e kn≤m-¥-ßsfbpw ]pXnb shfn-®Ø - n¬ Xncp-ØpIbpw sNbvXp. {Kl-ß-sf-°p-dn®p am{X-a-√, kuc-bq-YsØ BI-am\w kv]¿in-°p∂ ]pØ≥hn-h-c-ß-fpsS \n[n Ipw`ßfmhpw ASpØ h¿jtØmsS sas ≥P¿ ae¿s°-Øp-d°p-I. BKÃv 2011

imkv{X-IY {]k∂ kn.

IÆpXpd∂

hn{K-l-߃ Rm≥ TV Switch Aa¿Øn. s]s´∂v S°v F∂ i_vZ-tØmsS TV {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n®p. ]t£ apºn¬ TV Screen {]Xy-£-am-bn-√. ]Icw TV C√msXXs∂ IÆn¬ TV cwK-߃ sXfn™p h∂p. Np‰p-]m-Sp-Ifpw ImWmw. AXn-ibw Rm≥ TV AW-®p. Ice cream F∂ button- sR°n. AXm Icecream s‚ cpNnbpw XWp∏pw \mhn¬ h∂p. ]t£ sFkv{Iow FhnsS? cpNn Bh-iyw-t]mse \pI¿∂v Switch off sNbvXp. AC button- sR°n. s]s´∂v icocw AC-room-¬ \n∂ {]Xo-Xn. Hot sR°n. icocw NqSm-bn.....

Zp

cn-Xw, IjvS-∏m-Sv, th\¬, ag-bn-√, kky- ß ƒ DW- ß p- ∂ p. Ah- b nAÿn-]R - P v ß - f - mbn Pohn-Iƒ Dd-ßp∂p. DW-cmØ Dd-°w. Adn-hns‚ AXn{]-k-cw, BI-kvanI I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø߃, Pohs‚ Rc-°w, Pohn-I-fpsS sRcp-°w... hni-∏-I-‰m≥ [m\y-an-√. `qan-bpsS Hmtcm tImWn-te-°p-ap≈ Fs‚ bm{X XpS-ßn. Igp-Øn-tebpw I£- t Øbpw hnb¿∏p- ] - c - e p- I ƒ {_jp-sIm≠v XqØp hrØn-bm-°n.

Pe Zu¿e`yw Ipfnbpw IpSnbpw apS°n.... sI´nS kap-®-b-߃ ]n∂nem°n Rm≥ \S∂p \oßn. Ip´n-IfpsS Ie-]ne i_vZw tI´p-sIm-≠mWv Rm≥ B `mK-tØ°v \oßn-b-Xv. B ImgvN Fs∂ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. 3˛4 imkv{X-KXn

G°-tdmfw ]®-∏,v hb-ep-Iƒ, ac-߃, Ip∂p-Iƒ, ]pg, Ipfw, ]ip-°ƒ tabp∂p, ]£n-Iƒ ac-ßf - n¬ Ccp∂v ]mSp∂p. AXv I≠-t∏mtg Fs‚ hni∏v amdn Zmlw AI-∂p. Fs‚ kz]v\-`qan, ssZhw Xs‚ ]q¿hn-I¿°v kΩm\n® Duj-c-`q-an. ssZh-sa∂ imkv{X⁄s\ A`n-\-μn-®p. B ]®-∏n-\-cpIn¬ I≠ sI´n-SØ - n-te°v Rm\mZyw Ib-dn. AsXmcp kvIqƒ Bbn-cp-∂p.

Ip´n-If - psS apJw ImWm≥ Rms\Øn t\m°n. Hma- \ - X z- a p≈ apJ- Ø n\p ]Icw πmÃnIv DSp-∏n´ t]t°m-e-ßsf-t∏m-se, Xe-ap-Sn. P¿a≥ Du¿P-X{¥- ⁄ - \ mb Kpkv X hv epUv h nKv slgvkn-s\-t∏mse Xe-tbm-´n-bn¬ Ddbn´ apJ-߃. ico-cØ - n¬ Zitb C√.

sXmen Np°n-Np-fn™v IÆp-Iƒ ]pdtØ°v X≈nb kam\ cq]- ß ƒ. ""]≠v Fs‚ sNdp-∏-Im-e-Øp≈ Hma\-°p´n apJ-ß-sf-hnsS? s]s´∂v ssa°v A\u¨kvsa‚ v h∂p. hcn-bmbn \n¬°p-I. `£Ww DSs\ FØpw. Rm\pw Bi-tbmsS t\m°n-\n-∂p. as‰mcp Npfn™ cq]w AhnsS FØn. t{Sbn¬ c≠p _ufpIƒ am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Hcp _ufn¬ ^n√dpw at‰-Xn¬ KpfnI cq]Øn-ep≈ Ft¥m F∂pw. Ip´n-If - psS B¿Øn H∂p ImtW-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Ip´n-Iƒ hcn-h-cn-bmbn \n∂p. hnf-ºpIm-c≥ Ip´n-I-fpsS Acn-I-sØØn. s]s´∂v Ip´n-Iƒ hmb Xpd-∂p. ]√pIƒ ZwjvS-߃t]mse ImW-s∏-´p.

51

{ZwjvS-߃°n-S-bn-eqsS \mhv ]pdtØ°v X≈n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. hnf-ºp-Im-c≥ t]mfntbm acp∂v \¬Ip∂-t]mse ^n√¿ hgn 5 Xp≈n hoXw Pew \mhn- t e- ° n- ‰ n®p sImSp- Ø p.

C\nbpw C\nbpw Ip´n-Iƒ apd-hnfn Iq´n. s]s´∂v _o]v _o]v ku≠v tI´p tjmt°-‰-Xp-t]mse Ip´n-Iƒ \ni-_vZc - m-bn. {ioI-WvT≥ \mb-cpsS ""Ip´nØw hn´ _mey-߃'' F∂ IhnX Hm¿ah-∂p. ""Ip´o \n\-s°mcp ]´w-˛Cu G´nse ho´o∂p In´n.. IjvSw AXnh≈n-s]m-´o, X´ns‚ tamfn-e-sXm-´n....'' ^n√-dnse Pew \¬In Ign™v Hmtcm Kpfn-I-t]m-ep≈ Blm-chpw \¬In. hnf-ºp-Im-c≥ A{]-Xy-£-\mbn. hnf- º p- I msc Iq´p ]nSn- ® mAev]w Poh-Pew IpSn-°m≥ In´n-bmtem.... Rm≥ AI-tØm´v \S-∂p. Ac •mkv sh≈-Øn-\mbn ISn-]nSn IqSp∂ 10 hnf-ºp-Im-c∑ - msc I≠p. Ip´n-If - psS tdj-\n¬ \n∂v 1 Xp≈n-h®v H∏n-®XmWv F∂v Xe-h≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠m-bncp-∂p. ]nSn-h-en-bn¬ B •mkv XmsghoWv sh≈w Xqhn. DSs\ hnf-ºp-Imc≥ Xd-bn¬ Ia∂v InS∂v AXns\ \°n-°p-Sn-®p. ""Imew D≠m-°p∂p tImew'' Rmt\m¿Øp. Rm≥ kvIqƒ hn´n-dßn. F¥m-bmepw kvIqfn\p apºnse ]mS-Øn¬ \oscm-gp°v ImWmXn-cn-°n-√.

B ]®-∏n-te-°n-d-ßn, IÆp-Iƒ Xpd- ∂ v , sNhn- I ƒ Iq¿∏n®v ]®- a Æns‚ aWw hen-s®-Sp-°m≥. Hcne

52

AhnsS \n∂v Cd-ßn \S∂p. ]e-h-gn-Iƒ ]n∂n-´p.

Xe-I-d-ßp-∂-Xp-t]mse sX∂n-ho-Wp, Xe-Ip-Øs\. ]nS-s™-gp-t∂-‰p...

Xe-bn¬ hgpØ {ZmhIw H´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \o‰¬ D≠v. `qan-bpsS GtXm emhm-{]-hm-lØns‚ Ah-in-jvS-am-bncp-∂p. AsX. I≠p-]n-Sn°m≥ t]mIp∂ 230-˛mw aqe-Iw. Xe-hr-Øn-bm°m≥ F¥p-h-gn. ]ns∂bpw \S∂p. aXn-ecn-In¬ ]®-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ ]q∏¬ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p.

AXv Cf-°n-sb-SpØv XeXp-S-®p. ]t£ AXn-ibw shÆ Aen-bp-∂-Xpt]mse ]q∏¬ Xe-bn-een-™p-t]m-bn

]ns®-Sp-°m≥ t\m°n.. h∂n-√. AhnsS-sb-hn-sStbm Hcp Aemd \mZw tI´p. ]ns∂bpw \S-∂p, \\™ aÆn¬ Nhn´m≥ sImXn-tbmsS ]mZ-c£ - I - ƒ Ducnam- ‰ n... Nhn´p ]mbn¬ \S- ° p∂ tXm∂te D≠m-bp-≈q... Rm≥ kq£n®p-t\m-°n... sR´n... Fs‚ sR´-en`qan hnd-]q-≠p-Im-Wpw. πmÃnIv ]p√pIƒ. I≠m¬ Xncn-®-dn-bn-√.... ]ip°sf I≠v.... ASp-tØm´p sN∂p. ]ip-hns‚ IÆn¬ Nph∂ sse‰p-IØn. ]ip-hns‚ sXm´n-bn¬ ]e ]e thÃp- I ƒ C´n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. πmÃnIv Xn∂p∂ πmÃnIv ]ip. CXns‚ NmWIw πmÃnIv hb-en\v hf-am-°m\m- b n- c n°pw Ijv S w˛ Ime- Ø ns‚ t\m°p-sI´ t]m°v...

AhnsS \n∂v Cd-ßn \S-∂p. ]eh-gn-Iƒ ]n∂n-´p. Xe-I-d-ßp-∂-Xpt]mse sX∂n-ho-Wp, Xe-Ip-Ø-s\. ]nS-s™-gp-t∂-‰p... Xe-bn¬ hgpØ {ZmhIw H´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \o‰¬ D≠v. `qan-bpsS GtXm emhm-{]-hm-lØ - ns‚ Ah-in-jvSa - m-bn-cp-∂p. AsX. I≠p-]nSn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ 230-˛mw aqe-Iw. Xehr-Øn-bm-°m≥ F¥p-h-gn. ]ns∂bpw \S∂p. aXn-ec - n-In¬ ]®-\n-dØ - n-ep≈ ]q∏¬ ]‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p. AXv Cf-°nsb-SpØv Xe-Xp-S® - p. ]t£ AXn-ibw shÆ Aen-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]q∏Xe-bn-e-en-™p-t]m-bn. IqsS Xe-ap-Snbpw. hgpØ {ZmhIw amdn... Ipd®p \S-∂t- ∏mƒ Ipd-®p-t]¿ Ipfn-°p-∂X - pI-≠p. tImcn tZl-sØm-gn-°p-∂p-≠v. ]m¬ \nd-am-Wv. ASpØp sN∂-t∏mgmWv I≠Xv XWpØ t\cnb aWtZl-sØm-gn-°p-tºmƒ tZlsØ Agp°p-Iƒ \oßp-∂p. hnb¿∏p ]c-ep-Iƒ amdp-∂p. sXmen akmPp sNbvX-Xpt]mse DW¿hm-Ip-∂p. F¥m-bmepw Rm\Xv ]co-£n-®n-√. t\cw Ccp-´n shfp-Øp. apJØv kqcy-{]-Imiw X´n-bt- ∏mƒ Ft¥m Hcp DW¿Δv tXm∂n. Xe-bn¬ Ft¥m Hcp {]tXy-IX tXm∂n, Xe-bn¬ \n∂v {]k-cn∏v tZl-amsI ]S¿∂p. \m°na[pcw A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. £oWw ]º IS-∂p. ]ns∂bpw Rm≥ \S-∂p. IqSpX¬ IqSp-X¬ shbn-te¬°pt¥mdpw IqSp-X¬ Dt∑-jh - m-\mbn Rm≥, ÃosI´n-S-ß-fpsS ASp-ØqsS \S∂p. s]s´∂v ]® Xe-bp≈ Hcp cq]w sI´n-SØ - n¬ {]Xn-^e - n®p I≠p. Rm≥ H‰p-t\m°n B cq]-Øns‚ Rm\p-ambn hfsc kmayX tXm∂n.... ]t£ Ahi-`mhw amdn kpμ-c-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p, H‰°p-g∏w am{Xw ]® Ij-≠n-Ø-e.

Rm≥ Fs‚ Xe XS-hn... AXm {]Xn_nw-_hpw Xe-X-S-hp-∂p. kwi-b-an-√.

Rm≥ Xs∂-bm-WX - v. ]t£ ]® sam´BKÃv 2011

Øe A¥- p-I-f-bp-a-t√m.. Rmt\m ¿Øp Hcp sXm∏n In´n-sb-¶n¬: am¿°‰pw kq∏¿am¿°‰pw tXSn. Hcmƒ°q´w I≠p. BIm-iØv \n∂v Hcp Iq‰≥ Ipg¬ Xmtgm-´v. hoep-Ifpw D≠v, Ipg-e√ henb ^W¬, henb hmh-´a - p≈ ^W¬ AXns‚ apI-fnhenb ]™n-s°-´p-t]m-se... Hm Ah taL-ßf - m-W.v c≠p slen-tIm-]Sv ¿ h´an´v ]d∂v Ft¥m hnX-dp-∂p-≠v. ISen-c-ºp∂ i_vZw˛^W-ens‚ Xmsg henb ho∏- I ƒ AXn- \ p- ≈ n- t e°v Ft¥m h∂p ]Xn-°p∂ i_vZw-˛-ho∏-Iƒ Rm≥ {i≤n-®p. Poh-Pew F∂mbn-cp∂p AXn-se-gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hm taL-ßsf ]ngn-bp∂ b{¥w.. CXmW-t√... Xmsg tIme-߃ km{am-Py߃ hne-t]-ip-∂X - p-t]m-se... I-º\ - nIƒ sh≈-Øn\p hne-t]-ip-∂p. tImSnI-fn¬ Ipd™ kwJy Rm≥ tI´n-√. ]ns∂bpw \S-∂p. sXm∏n hmßm≥ hat showroom I≠n-√. s]s´∂v Np‰pw Ccp- ≠ - t ]mse NqSp Ipd- ™ p. ]¥tem XW¬ hr£-ßtfm C√...

Xd hn≠p-Io-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂mNqSp-Ip-d-hm-Wt√m Rm≥ Np‰pw {i≤n®p. IdpØ [mcmfw XqWp-I-sf-°≠p....-C-h-bmWv shbn¬ IpSn-°p∂ ªm°v ]nt√gvk.v Ch ÿm]n-®m¬ B `mK-ß-fn¬ NqSp Ipd-hmbn tXm∂pw. ]ns∂bpw \S- ∂ p. AXm Hcp ]m¿e¿. sFkv{Iow ]m¿edpw _yq´n ]m¿edpw A√. AsXmcp HmIvkn-P≥ ]m¿e¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. Imip-≈-h¿°v am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ ]m¿e¿-˛A - hn-sSbpw Iyq I≠p... Hcp \mb Ipc®p-sIm≠v Imen¬ LSn-∏n® b{¥-hpambn HmSn-bI - ∂ - p.

Ah-km\w kq∏¿am¿°-‰ns‚ \Sbn-se-Øn. IS-°m-cs\ I≠n-√. Hc-ico-cn-am{Xw F¥p-th-Ww-˛B - Zyw....-Fs - ¥¶nepw IpSn-°-Ww-˛-s]-s´∂v b{¥a\pjy≥ FØn. Rm\-t±-lsØ ]n≥XpS¿∂p. b{¥a\p- j y≥ Xncn™p t\m°n Hcp aqe- b n- t e°v Ft¥m BwKyw ImWn-®p. Rm≥ t\m°n-bt∏mƒ c≠p b{¥a\p-jy¿ kvt\lw ]¶n-Sp-Ib - m-W.v Hcmƒ as‰m-cm-fpsS Xebn¬ XS-hp-∂p. tj°v lm‚ v \¬Ip∂p......- b - { ¥- a - \ p- j y¿.....- k m- [ m- a - \ pjysc IS-Øn-sh-´ptam Rm≥ Nn¥n®p. a\p-jy\v ac-hn® hnIm-c-߃ b{¥-a-\p-jy¿ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.... CXv Ien-Im-ew.

Nn¥n- ° m≥ ka- b - a n- √ . Hmtcm tjmdq- a nepw Ibdn “drinks” F∂ t_m¿Up I≠-t∏mƒ Rm≥ \n∂p IqsS b{¥-a\ - p-jy-\pw. Fresh milk, Fresh mango juice, Fresh grape juice.... F√mw imkv{X-KXn

Fresh.....

]ns∂bpw \S-∂p. sXm∏n hmßm≥ hat showroom I≠n-√. s]s´∂v Np‰pw Ccp-≠t]mse NqSp Ipd-™p. ]¥tem XW¬ hr£ßtfm C√... Xd hn≠pIo-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ NqSp-Ip-d-hmWt√m Rm≥ Np‰pw {i≤n-®p. IdpØ [mcmfw XqWp-I-sf-°-≠p....C-h-bmWv shbn¬ IpSn°p∂ ªm°v ]nt√gvkv.

Ch ÿm]n-®mB `mK-ß-fn¬ NqSp Ipd-hmbn tXm∂pw.

a\p-jy≥ am{Xw Fresh A√. amß-bpw, ap¥n-cn-ßbpw H∂pw I≠n√..... henb ]co-£-W-im-e-t]m-se...... culture sNbvsX-Sp-°p∂ ]mepw juice Dw Hs° hn[n ssh]-cy-am-sW-¶nepw _tbm-sS-Itv \m-fP - n-bpsS hnImkw-kw.

D∏p tamln-®-h\v D∏n-en-´Xv Xr]vXnbm-hptam Rm\-hnSw hn´p......

Readymade chicken.. Atßm´p t\m°n. acw-t]m-esØ imJ-I-fnNn°≥Im-ep-Iƒ Imbv®p In-S-°p-∂p.

F\n°o sdUn-sabvUv Nn°≥ th≠ i¿±n-°m≥ h∂p... ]ns∂-°-≠Xv hnj-a-ap-≠m-°n...

Readymade babies... & Rent a baby F∂pap≈ t_m¿Uv BWv... Fß-s\-bp≈ Ip™v thWw F∂v ]d-™m¬ aXn. Hcp amkw- s Im≠v Ip™p sdUn. ]ns∂bpw a\p-jy≥ Pbn®p ssZhw tXm‰p... Hma- \ n- ° m≥ Ip™ns\ thtWm... Hma-\n-®n´v Xncn®p Xt∂m-fq...

Cu Ip™p-߃ hf-cn-√. hb- m-hpIbpw C√...

P∑m¥ckpIrXßtfm¿Øv hnjaw tXm∂n.

ASp-Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p Hat showroom.

AhnsS \n∂v Hcp atomic hat hmßn.

Fs‚ ]®-Øe - b - psS kuμcyw Bcpw ImW≠ F∂ Dt±iw am{Xta F\n°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q..... F∂m¬ B ISbn¬ CXp-t]m-ep-≈h am{Xta D≈q.

Hat \ndsb switches Bbn-cp-∂p. Hat Rm≥ Xe-bn¬ ^n‰v sNbvXp. Hcp switch TV, Telephone, radio, AC, Oxygen.. hot.. Aß-s\. Rm≥ TV Switch

Aa¿Øn. s]s´∂v S°v F∂ i_vZtØmsS TV {]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n®p. ]t£ apºn¬ TV Screen {]Xy-£-am-

53

imkv{X-KX - nsb kw_-‘n® A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw IØp-Ifpw bn-√. ]Icw TV C√msXXs∂ IÆnTV cwK-߃ sXfn™p h∂p. Np‰p]m-Sp-Ifpw ImWmw. AXn-ibw Rm≥ TV AW-®p. Ice cream F∂ button-sR°n. AXm Icecream s‚ cpNnbpw XWp∏pw \mhn¬ h∂p. ]t£ sFkv{Iow FhnsS? cpNn Bh-iywt]mse \pI¿∂v Switch off sNbvXp. AC button-¬ sR°n. s]s´∂v icocw AC-room˛¬ \n∂ {]Xo-Xn. Hot sR°n. icocw NqSm-bn..... Fs¥ms° adn-amb-߃. CsX-ßs\ km[n-°p-∂p. Hat Dw brain\pambn _‘w Dt≠m... Xet®m-dns\ I_-fn-∏n®v Cu A\p-`-h߃ km[y-am-°p-∂-Xm-tWm... Cu Switch H∂pw {]h¿Øn-∏n-°≠m F∂p Rm≥ Xocp- a m- \ n- ® p. ""Um¿hns‚ k¿ssh-h¬ Hm^v Z ^n‰Ãv'' Hm¿Øp˛-]p-Xnb I≠p-]n-Sp-Øß - ƒ°v- Scrutinity of the scientist F∂ t]cpw Rm≥ \¬In. Xe-bn¬ Hat h®-Xn-\p-tijw £oWw tXm∂n-bt- √m. Rm≥ Hm¿Øp Hat Ducn-t\m-°mw. Xe-bn¬ shbnX´n £oWw ]º-I-S-∂p. F¥m-bncn°mw Imc-Ww. Nn¥-Iƒ Fs∂ A¥n-hsc sIms≠-Øn-®p. Rm\p-dßn kpJ- \ n- { Z. ]nt‰∂v kqcy- { ]- I miw FØn. Rm\pw sdUn-bm-bn. k‘y-bmhp-tºmƒ Dd°w Xqßp∂ Dd°w Xqßn ac-ß-tfbpw kqcy-s\-°m-Wp-tºmƒ Djm- d m- h p∂ kqcy- I m- ¥ n- ∏ q- ° tfbpw°pdn®v Rmt\m¿Øp.... AtX kqcy≥ h∂m¬ hni-∏p-am-dp∂ B hnZy... F√mw F\n°p a\- n-embn.

Rm≥... Fs‚ ]®-Øe... Fs‚ Xebn¬-˛t- Im-iß - ƒ°p-≈n¬ Ib-dn-∏‰ - nb God’s small thing... lcn-XI - Ww AtX t¢mtdm-πm-ka v . ChnsS ssZhw Pbn-®p... _p-≤n-bpsS ]nim-Np-°ƒ I≠p-]n-Sn®

54

I≠p]nSnØ-ßt- f-°mƒ t{ijvTw... Hcp ^n√¿ Pew Rm≥ hmßn-°p-Sn-®p.

Fs‚ P∑-cl - kyw Rm≥ a\- n-em-°n. `qansb ]gb ]Sn-bm-°W - w. Nn¥bpw Imep-Ifpw ]pd-tIm´v \oßn. 230-˛mw aqeIw Rm≥ tiJ-cn®p. H∏w Xe-bnXpS® B ]®- ∏ m- b epw. ]®- ∏ m- b en\pt]cn-´p Trans chloro. C\n F\ns°mcp Iq´p-Im-cnsb thWw. TV bnadvertisement \SØn. ]ckyw I≠v Nncn-°t- √. Xe sam´-bm-hm≥ XmXv]cy-ap-≈h - ¿ am{Xw At]-£n-®m¬ aXn. H∂√ H∂n-e[ - nIw Iq´p-Im-cn-Is - f-°n´n. Ah-cpsS Iq´p-Imcpw Iq´w tN¿∂p. i\n N{μ-\p-ambn ap´n-bp-cp-Ωnb B Znhkw R߃ Xe-bn¬ 230-˛mw aqeIw tX®p. 4 aWn-°q¿ Ign™v ]®-∏m-bemb Trans chloro tX®p... R߃ ]® Xe-b∑ - m-cm-bn... shbn-ep-h∂ - p. Iq´p-Im¿ D’m-l`- c - n-Xc - m-bn... lcnX kplr-Øp°ƒ... Nen-°p∂ kky-a\ - p-jy-cm-bn, Cc-tX-Sm-≠mØ a\p-jy¿-˛R - ß - ƒ Hcp Xocp-am-\s - a-Sp-Øp. Fs¥-¶nepw \∑ sNø-Ww. tIm´q¿t°mWw amß-bptSbpw tX≥ hcn-°b - p-tSbpw Hm¿a-h∂ - p.

Hat se button Aa¿Øn. R߃ kzmZv Bkz-Zn-®n-√. ]Icw `qan-bn¬ ]≠p-≠mbn-cp∂ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw apgp-h≥ Xncn®v ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n®p. R߃°v Blmcw th≠-t√m.

R߃ ]cn-{i-an-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. aÆv Inf-®pw, taLw ]ngn™pw B{K-l߃ Hat ¬ HXp-°nbpw R߃ ]cn{i-an®p. \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn°p∂ P¥p-°ƒ°v Ah-cpsS lm_n‰m‰v krjvSn-®p. lcn-Xm-`a - m°n `qan-˛l - cnX P\-Xsb krjvSn®p. R߃ lcnX tZh-XI - f - m-bn-˛R - m≥ lcn-Xt- Z-hcm-P\ - mb C{μ-\pw.

FUn-‰¿ imkv{X-K-Xn, ]cn-jZv`h≥, IpXn-c-h´w sebv≥, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001 Csa-bn¬ : kssptvpm@yahoo.com F∂ hnem-k-Ønepw hcn-kwJy, ]cm-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ ]cn-j-Zv`-h≥, Nme-∏pdw ]n.-H., tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 2 Csa-bn¬ : ksspmagazine@gmail.com F∂ hnem-k-Ønepw Ab-b° v pI

BKÃv 2011

]pkvX-I-]-cn-Nbw Pn.Fkv. DÆnIrjvW≥

P\nXI hgpX\ hnhmZambt∏mƒ, BZysØ P\nXI-hnf AXmsW∂pt]mepw Nne am[ya߃ FgpXn∏nSn-∏n°p-Ibp-≠mbn.

P\nXI`£yhnfIƒ a‰p cmPyßfnsem∂pw D]tbm-Kn°p∂ns√∂pt]mepw sX‰mb dnt∏m¿´pIƒ h∂p. CØcw {]NmcW߃°p≈ adp]Sn IqSnbmWv Acp¨Ipamdns‚ ]pkvXIw. P\nXIhnfIsf kw_-‘n® Ht´sd bmYm¿∞y߃, adItf-Xpan√msX Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ hmbn°mw.

P\nXI`£Ww:

Adntb≠sX√mw ]

T\ klmbnIƒ°v Gsd {]m[m\yap≈ ImeamWnXv. F∂m¬ ]et∏mgpw Cu ]T\klmbnIƒ ]mTy`mKØns‚ Bh¿Ø\-kz`mhØnemWv Xbmdm°p∂sX∂mWv ZptcymKw. Ip´nIfpsS hn⁄m\hpw ImgvN∏mSpsams° hn]peam°pwhn[w, hnjbsØ°pdn®v A[nI Adnhv ]Icp∂Xpw XmXv]cyw P\n∏n°p∂Xp- a mbn- c n°Ww Cu ]T\klmbnIƒ. F∂m¬ am{Xta hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw A[ym]I¿°pw AXpsIm≠v {]tbmP\ap≠mhpIbp≈q. Cu KWØn¬s∏SpØmhp∂, hfsc hn⁄m\{]Zamb Hcp ]pkvXIamWv F≥.Fkv. Acp¨Ipamdns‚ ""P\nXI-`£Ww: Bi¶Ifpw {]Xo£Ifpw.''

C∂v Gsd N¿®sNøs∏Sp∂ hnjbamWv "P\nXI`£Ww' (GM imkv{X-KXn

Food).

AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ]pXnb Xeapdbv°v CtX°pdn®v hy‡amb [mcW D≠mth≠Xv AXymhiyamWv. ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬ ]cma¿in°s∏Sp∂ Hcp hnjbw F∂Xnep]cn, \ΩpsS \nXyPohnXsØ kzm[o\n°p∂XmWv P\nXI `£Whpw P\nXI ]cn-h¿Ø\hpw. hm¿Ømam[yaßfn¬ P\nXI hnfIfpambn _‘s∏´v Ht´sd hm¿ØIfpw ^o®dpIfpw {]Xy£s∏Sp-∂p≠v. F∂m¬ Ch ]et∏mgpw imkv{XobXbneq∂nbX√mØXn\mkaqlØn¬ sX‰n≤mcWIƒ ]cØp∂hbmbn amdnbn´p≠v. AXpsIm≠v P\nXI`£Ww F∂ hnjbØns‚ s\√pw ]Xncpw imkv{Xobambn A]{K-Yn-t°≠Xpw AXv ]pXpXeapdsbbpw s]mXpkaqsØbpw t_m[ys∏SptØ≠Xpw kp{][m\ ZuXyambn amdp∂p.

CXpXs∂bmWv Acp¨Ipamdns‚ ]pkvXIsØ thdn´p \ndpØp∂Xpw. imkv{X{KŸßƒ°v Ahiywth≠ IrXyX ]men®psIm≠v, ]q¿Wambpw imkv{XobXbneq∂nbmWv Cu ]pkvXIw cNn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. hnjbsØ {Iam\pKXambn Dƒ-s°m≈m≥ klmbn°pwhn[Ønep≈ {KŸkwhn[m\w \q‰nap∏tXmfw t]PpIfn¬ \nPs∏SpØp∂Xn¬ {KŸImc≥ hnPbn®ncn°p∂p. XpS°Øn¬ P\nX- I am‰Øns‚ Ncn{XsØ°pdn®v kNn{Xamb hnhcWap≠v. Po≥, Un.F≥.F. LS\, Po≥am‰w F∂n-hsb°pdn®p≈ ASnÿm\hnhc߃ kmam\yw hniZambnØs∂bmWv hnhcn°p∂Xv. XpS¿∂v P\nXI]-cnh¿Ø\w hcpØnb hnfkky߃, AhbpsS ta∑Iƒ, tZmj^e߃ shfn-s∏SpØm\mbn \SØnb ]co£-

55

W߃ XpSßnbhsbbpw ]cma¿-in°p∂p.

P\nXIhnfIfpsS ]mcnÿnXnI {]XymLmXßsf°pdn®p≈ N¿®Iƒ am[yaßfn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂ kabamWnXv. ""sS¿ant\‰¿'' Po≥ kmt¶-XnIhnZy, ""cm£khnfIƒ'', ""{^m-s¶≥^pUv'' XpSßnb am[yakrjv S ßfmb hm°pIƒ \ΩpsS a\ n¬ Xßn \n¬°p∂p≠v. CØcw ]Z߃ cq]oIrXambXns‚ Ncn{Xhpw Ahbv°p ]n∂nse AXnitbm‡nbpw ]pkv X Iw shfns∏SpØp∂p≠v . AtXkabw, P\nXI- h nfIfneqsS PohPme߃°pw ]cnÿnXn°pw D≠mtb°mhp∂ BLmX-ßsf°pdn®pw ]pkvXIw ]co£WßfpsS Ncn{XØneqsSbpw hm¿ØmhniIe\ßfneqsSbpw N¿®-sN-øp∂p.

P\nXIhnf (GM Crops) Isf kw_-‘n®v a‰p cmPyßfn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ \nbaßsfbpw \njvI¿jI sfbpw Ipdn®v ]cnÿnXn {]h¿ØI¿°nSbn¬t∏mepw sX‰mb [mcWIfp≠v. P\nXI hgpX\ (Bt Brinjal) hnhmZambt∏mƒ, BZysØ P\nXIhnf AXmsW∂pt]mepw Nne am[ya߃ FgpXn∏nSn- ∏ n°p- I bp≠mbn. P\nXI`£yhnfIƒ a‰p cmPyßfnsem∂pw D]tbm-Kn°p∂ns√∂pt]mepw sX‰mb dnt∏m¿´pIƒ h∂p. CØcw {]NmcW߃°p≈ adp]Sn IqSnbmWv Acp¨Ipamdns‚ ]pkvXIw. P\nXIhnfIsf kw_‘n® Ht´sd bmYm¿∞y߃, adItf-

56

Xpan√msX Cu ]pkvXIØnhmbn°mw.

P\nXI KthjWw, tcmKNn-In’, `£ykpc£ F∂o taJeIfnP\nXIhnfIƒ°v sNepØm\mhp∂ kzm[o\sØ°pdn®v {]Xo£m-\n¿`camb hnebncpØepIƒ \SØns°m≠mWv ]pkvXIw Ahkm\n°p∂Xv. P\nXI ]cnh¿Ø\w `mhntemIØn\v \¬Ip∂ hmKvZm\ßsf°pdn®pw ]pkvXIw N¿®sNøp∂p.

AtXmsSm∏w ]co£W˛-\nco£WßfpsS ap≥IcpXepIƒ A\nhmcyamsW∂v {]Jym]n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. hnjbhpambn _‘s∏´ kmt¶XnI]Z߃ hniZam°p∂ A\p_‘hpw {]kv X mhn°s∏´ncn°p∂ Imcy߃°v ASnÿm\]camb KthjW{]_‘ßsf°pdn®p≈ kqN\Ifpw hmb\sb KuchXcambn kao]n°p∂h¿°v klmbIamhpw. efnXamb cN\mssienbmWv Cu ]pkvXIØns‚ apJap{Z. Ip´nIfpƒs∏sS GsXmcmƒ°pw hmbn®p a\ nem°mhp∂XcØnemWv {KŸcN\ \n¿hln®ncn°p∂Xv . \ΩpsS hnZym¿∞n˛A[ym]I kaqlØn\v P\nXIhnfIsf°pdn®v kmam\yhpw B[nImcnIhpamb ASnÿm\⁄m\w ]Icm≥ F≥.Fkv.Acp¨Ipamdns‚ Cu DZyaw klmbn°pw. kaImenIamb hnjbßsf CØcØn¬ Xncs™SpØv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn¬ {]km[I¿°pw A`nam\n°mw.

hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]pØ-≥ taJ-e-I-f-dn-bm≥

imkv{X-tI-cfw sslkvIqƒ {]mb-°m-cmb Ip´n-Iƒ°pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°pw A[ym-]I - ¿°pw Adn-bm\pw kq£n-®p-hb - v°m-\p-ap-XI - p∂

imkv{X-am-knI

hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy 125 cq] hni-Zh - n-hc - ß - ƒ°v amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿ imkv{X-tI-cfw ]cn-jZv `h≥, Nme-∏pdw tImgn-t°mSv - 673002 t^m¨: 0495 2701919

BKÃv 2011

lc-W-^ew

imkv{X-KXn

sI. kXojv

57

imkv{Xhm¿Ø-

Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : tUm. Fw. B¿. kpZ¿i\ Ipam¿

A`ua aqe-I-ß-fpsS A¤pX tiJcw!

]Øv ]pXnb {Kl-ßsf Is≠Øn HmIvktv ^m¿Uv k¿h-Ie - m-im-eb - nse imkv{X⁄-cS- ° - a - p≈ A¥m-cm-jv{S-kwLw kuc-bqY-Øn\p shfn-bn-ep≈ ]Øv ]pXnb {Klßsf Is≠- Ø n. {^©v _ln- c m- I mi GP≥kn-bmb ‘CNES’s‚ CoROT (Convection, Rotation and Transits) F∂ kv t ]kv sSekvtIm∏v D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv Cu {Kl-ßsf Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. Pq¨ 14-˛mw XobXn \S∂ c≠mw CoROT kntºm-kn-bØ - n-emWv Cu {Klßsf Is≠-Ønb hnhcw {]Jym-]n-®-Xv. {Kl-ßfpw Ah-bpsS khn-ti-jX - I - fpw Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p. CoROT-16 _n: hymg-Øns‚ ]q¿W hymkm¿≤hpw ]IpXn {Zhy-am-\-hpap≈ {Klw. 600 tImSn h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ \£-{XsØ 5.3 Znh-kw-sIm≠v hebw sNøp∂p. CoROT-17 _n: 1000 tImSn h¿jw ]g-°ap≈ \£-{XsØ 3.7 Znh-kw-sIm≠v hebw sNøp-∂p. hymg-Øns‚ 2.4 Cc´n {Zhy-am-\-ap≠v.

CoROT-18 _n: Bt]-£n-I-ambn {]mbw Ipd™ (60 tImSn h¿jw!) \£-{XsØ hebw sNøp-∂p. hymg-Øns‚ Cc´n km{μX-bp-≠v. CoROT-19 _n: hymg-Øns‚ {Zhy-am\hpw H∂c Cc´n hen-∏-hp-ap≈ {Kl-am-Wv. CoROT-20 _n: sNmΔ-bpsS Cc´n km{μ-Xb - p≈ Cu {Klw 9.2 Znhkw sIm≠v \£-{XsØ hebw sNøp-∂p. CoROT-21 _n: hymg-Øns‚ 1.3 Cc´n hen-∏hpw 2.5 Cc´n {Zhy-am-\-hp-ap≈ {Kl-am-W.v CoROT-22 _n: i\n-bpsS 0.74 am{Xw hymkm¿≤-ap-≈ {Klw. {Zhy-am\w IrXy-ambn IW-°m-°n-bn-´n-s√-¶n¬ IqSn i\n-bpsS ]IpXn-bn¬ Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

CoROT-23 _n: 3.6 Znh-kw-sIm≠v \£-{XsØ hebw sNøp-∂p.

CoROT-24 _n, CoROT-24 kn: s\]vSyqWns‚ hen-∏hpw 1.4 Cc´n hen-∏h - p-ap≈ Cc´ {Kl-߃. 5.1 Znhkw sIm≠v Hcp-{K-lhpw 11.8 Znh-kw-sIm≠v at‰ {Klhpw \£-{XsØ hebw sNøp-∂p. (www.sciencedaily.com)

]k-^nIv kap-{Z-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-´nse sNfnbn¬ A`ua aqe-I-ß-fpsS \n[n-ti-J-c-aps≠∂v imkv { X- ⁄ ¿ Is≠- Ø n. skt^mWp-I-fp-sSbpw ^vfqd-sk‚ v _ƒ_p-I-fpsSbpw kmt¶-XnI hnZybv°v A\n-hm-cy-amb \ntbm-Un-an-bw, bqtdm-]nbw F∂o aqe-Iß - f - S°w AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ At\Iw cmk-h-kvXp°ƒ sNfn-bn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. 2.3 In.-ao. hoXnbp≈ CXns‚ NXpc Ij-WØ - n¬ temIØv C∂v {]Xn-h¿jw Bh-iy-ap≈ A`ua aqe-I-ß-f-S-ßn-bn-´p-s≠∂mWv Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈X - v. (www.esciencenews.com)

Ata-cn-°b - nse BW-h\ - n-eb - ß - f- psS kpc£ i‡-am-°Ww! ^p°p-jna t]mep≈ BWh Zpc-¥sØ t\cnSp-hm-\p≈ sI¬]v Ata-cn-°-bnse BW-h-\neb߃°n-s√∂v CXns\ kw_-‘n®v ]cn-tim[\ \S-Ønb Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) s‚ BZy c≠v ]T-\-߃ Nq≠n-°m-´n. ^p°pjna t]msemcp Zpc-¥a - p-≠m-Im-\p≈ km[yX Ipdhm-sW-¶nepw Ct∏m-gp≈ kpc£m {Iao-Ic - W - ß - ƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØW - s - a∂v IΩo-j≥ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´p. (www.news.sciencemag.org)

]mgmbn t]mIp∂ D≈n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw! bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b\ - n¬ D≈n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ A©v e£w StÆmfw ]mgv hkvXp-°-fmWv ]pd¥-≈p-∂X - .v Chsb `£-WL - S- I - ß - f - mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-Iƒ imkv{X⁄-cm-cm-bp-Ib - m-Wv. D≈nsØmen-bnepw ]pdta-bp≈ Bh-cW - ß - f - nepw \mcpw ^vfph-t\mbn-Up-I-fp-ap-≠v. `qIm-WvU-Øn¬ \nc-h[n kƒ^¿ kwbp-‡-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Ch-sbm-s°Øs∂ Btcm-Ky-Øn\v KpW-I-c-amb LS-Iß-fm¬ kar-≤-am-Wv. D≈n amen-\y-Øn]pdw-sXm-en, ]pd-ta-bp≈ Bh-c-W-߃, thcpw X≠pw, tISmbn ]pd-¥-≈p∂ D≈n F∂n- h - b pƒs∏- S p- ∂ p. Cßs\ ]mgmbn t]mIp∂ D≈n-bnse LS-I-ßsf Btcm-KyØn\p KpW-Ic - a - mb `£W LS-Iß - f - m-°m-\mWv imkv{X-⁄¿ e£yan-Sp-∂-Xv. lrt{Zm-Kw, Im≥k¿, IpS¬ kw_-‘-amb tcmK-߃ ChbpsS km[yX Ipd-bv°p∂ \nc-h[n kwbp-‡-߃ Ch-bn-e-S-ßn-bn-´ps≠∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-´p. ‘Plant Foods for Human Nutrition’F∂ tP¿W-en-emWv Kth-jW - ^ - ew {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. (www.esciencenews.com)

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw alm-flm-Km‘n tImtf-Pnse ck-X-{¥-hn-`mKw A≤ym-]-I-\mWv teJ-I≥ Printed & Published by T.P. Sreesankar on behalf of Kerala Sasthrasahithya Parishad & Printed at A-One Offset Printers, Ramanattukara, Calicut-1 and published at Parishad Bhavan, Chalappuram, Calicut - 673 002. Editor-R.V.G. Menon. Approved by CSIR for financial support Volume 47 No.2, Sasthragathy 2011August, 60 Pages